davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
Southern Patriot
Calls Segregated
Schools Unreason.
able Unchistian
And UnAmerican
REGIONAL SCHOOL PLAN
REJECTED

New Orleans-Segr e g a t e d
schools make mockery of the
basic ideals of a democratic and
Christian cosiety, states the
Southern Patriot in a special Seq
regation in Education" issue dis
tributed this week.
Equality of opportunity, the
most fundamental ida of democ-
racy, is a mere myth in the II
states and the District of Column
bia where separate schools are
maintained by law, declares the
Southern Patriot, published in
New Orleans by the Southern
Conference Educational Fund.
In series of graphic. charts and
pictures the Patriot compares
Negro and white school in the
states wher separate schools are
required by law for the Negro and
white populations. The chart
shows that in 1916, the amount
spent per pupil enrolled in the ele-
mentary schols was $73.67 for the
white child, as against $32.46 for
the Negro child. The value of
school property per pupil was
1924 for the white child and $52
per pupil for the Negro child.
Tax-supported colleges and uni
versities in these states spent
s2.43 per person for whites and
SEC per person for Negroes. The
difference in favor of the white
institutions increased by 13 per
cent intead of being reduced in
the period from 1880 to 1914.
Graduate and professional train
ing for Negroes was almost nom
existent, "In 10 Southern states
there is not one school supported
by public funds to educate Negro.
doctors or dentists.
"The appalling result, states
Continued on Page p
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
Leaders And
Veterans From, mi
Sections To Hold
Mass Meeting
Here

Jackson, Miss Statewide at
tention is being focused on the
Mass meeting scheduled for Mon
day night Dec. Is, at the Central
Methodist Church. The meeting,
under the joint sponsorship of
the American Veterans Commit
tee, National Association For The
Advancement OF Colored People,
and The Progressive Voters Lea
que, will have as its Goal the fur
thering of the drive to increase
the number of registered Negro
voters in the state.
Highlighting the program will
be speeches by Rev. w. A. Ben
der, NAACP executive for the Mis-
sissippi area, Mrs. Ruby Suits
Lyells, President of the Fereda-
ton of Women's Clubs, and Mr..
A. Meirs, Professor of History At
Tougaloo College.
Experts in the affairs of Civil
rights, the speakers will attempt
to acquaint non registrants with
the information relative to ac-
tive participation in the affairs
affecting all citizens. Visitors
from all sections of the state are
expected to be in attendance at
the meeting.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
Gov. Thompson Agrees To Order Probe
0fLoganviIIe Burnings
Negro Property Owners Hold On To
Fortune In Real Estate

Georgia's Chief Executive, Gov.
M. E. Thompson, agreed to order
an investigation of the burning
of Negro churches and schools
in Loganville, Ga. The argree-
ment, a response to a request
made last Tuesday by two Allan
ia leaders, G. A. Scott, Editor
General Manager of the Atlanta
Daily World, and ]. A. Bats,
treasurer of the Citizens Demo-
cratic Club of Fulton County, was
given in a conference between
the three men.
The two men conferred with the
Governor and formally requested
him to offer rewar don behalf of
the state and investigate the sit
uation in that area, which today
is void of a single Negro church
or school as the results of recent
burnings.
The conference over the situat-
ion in Walton County was held
in the Governors office and the
two leaders deep concern over
the trend of events in that Coun-
ty where two men and their wiv-
es were lynched last year by
mob that to date has gone unap-
pretended.
The Atlanta Daily World re-
ported Friday, Nov %, that
proposed highway through the
heart of the Negro section, which
would balloon the value of the
land, brought on the arson-terror-
ism in an attempt to drive Neg
roes out of that section. The high
ground in this area is considered
the most ideal in the community.
The Mayor and council have Of
fered a reward of $100. Gov.
Thompson was urged by Scott and
Bats to supplement this sum with
a reward offer from the state
which would spur the drive for
the apprehension and cinviction
OF the guilty parties.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
OWNERS HOLD TO LOGAN
VILE PROPERTY

Ignoring the hostility and in
timidation show towards them in
the recent burning of churches
and schools here, Negro proper
ty owners are holding tight to a
fortune in Real estate properties.
These old timers have seen their
land of their neighborhood, and
now that new highway, which
is in prospect, will further sur
round their community, the pro-
perties are expected to skyrocket
even more.
One of the factors believed to
have caused the burning of the
Mt. Zion AME Church, here was
its proximity to hite cemetery,
which had spread until burials
were almost being made in the
Church's yard. This cemetery was
opened by John Lace Moors,
White settler in 1909, when the
land of doubtful value. Since then
the small ltown growing its Dor
ders, the cemetery has been en-
circled by Negroes. Pastor of this
church is Rev. G.. C. Britten, of
Athens, Ga.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
SUPREME TRIBUNAL HIT NEGRO JURY BAN
ORDER RETRIAL I'M LAuDERDALE COUNTY
u. S. Supreme Court Changes State
Jury With Discrimination
lauderdale County Case By Entire
AS High Court Sets Aside Decision

Jackson, Miss. = The highest
tribunal in the land, the United
States Supreme Court, handed
down a blistering reversal of the
murder conviction of Eddie Pat
ton, Lauderdale County Negro,
who was indicted and convicted
by all White juries.
In unanimous opinion writ
ten by Justice Black the court
said:
We hold that the state whooI-
ly failed to meet the very strong
evidence of purposeful racial dis
elimination made out by the pet
ltloner upon the uncontradicted
showing that for 80 years or more
no negro had served as a Juror
in the criminal courts of Lauder
dale County,
Black asserted that when a Jury
selection plan operates so as "aI-
ways, to result in the complete
and long-continued exclusion of
any representative at all from a
large group" indictments and YER
diets returned by such juries
cannot stand.
The jurist pointed out that the
reversal did not mean the accus-
ed must go free 'for indictments
can be returned and convictions
can be obtained by the juries sell
ected as the constitution COM
mands.'
Patton, in appealing the Mis-
sissippi Supreme Court decision
affirming his conviction pointed
out that of total population of
34,S21 in Laulerdale county where
he was tried, 1851 were negro
es.
Justice Black opinion abruptlv
cast aside decision of the State
Supreme Court which, in up
holding Patton's death sentence
defended the county's jurypick-
ing system.
STATES CONVENTIONS
The court had pointed to tho
statutory qualifications for iurv
service, including poll tax paw
ments and ability to understand
and interpret the Constitution IT
concluded that only about 25 of
the county's 554S negroes above
age, Fl could meet those oual;f-
lcations, as against $500 to 5000
of the 10,435 whites.
Allowing for exemptions the
state court figured there were on
ly II or Is negroes and about
oooo whites available for service,
leaving only one in 400 chance
mat a negro would appear on
such venire of 100 as was. call
ed for the Patton trial.
1t added that ''the sheriff, had
he brought in negro (for iurv
SerVlce) would have had to dis
crlminate against white Jurors
not against negroes-he could not
be expected to bring in onefour-
n of a negro"
REASONING DISMISSED
justice Black dismissed that rea
'onlng with the comment that II
illustrates the unwisdom of at
to disprove a systematic
'aclal discrimination in the SOL
'ctlon of jurors by percentage
applied to the com
position of single venire."
Inc jury system case shared
With two actions on which the
'ourt agreed to pass later. one
nVolVlng ban on violent mass
'icketing and the other affect
ng payments to beneficiaries un-
Ter National Srevice Life. Insur-
nee.
The picketing suit, brought up
from Arkansas by the C I o Is
Continued on Page "a
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13

owners to dispose of their land.
An Atlanta resident is owner Of
one parcel of the land in the
gans, she Mrs. Daisy Hutchin-
acre. of property fronting the Lo-
son Of 30S Ellis street.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-12-13
AFTER Foe~

After Forty
No man over 10 should play hand
ball. 36 holes of golf in one day or 70
h for any strenuous exercises.
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23

thing costs more than it did a few years ago. One of the principal fac tors responsible for current high prices of goods is the greatly in- creased wages now being paid in nearly every field of industry.
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23
Why Food Prices Are High

tBy Graham Patterson
 Publisher of Farm Journal, Wash ington Square, Philadelphia, Pa. People are complaining on ev- cry hand of the high cost of living. And rightly so. Practically every
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23
Is America Equal To This Challenge?
(The Denver PoSt)

(The Denver Post)
 NINE EMPTY CHAIRS at the Paris conference on European cooperation symboze what appears to be the final shatterng at least for the present of the One World dream. It great dream molded of the finest aspirations of mankind But like much of such stuff il
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23
Sixty Million Jobs Plus

(The Rocky Mountain News)
 A FEW YEARS AGO Henry Wallace and others be- gan talking about 60 million jobs Americas postwar fuemployment goal
 If this goal to be reached by 1850, they said the government must make proper plans for management of the national economy. Mr. Wallace wrote book about the plans he considered essential.
 Well the Census Bureau reports that last month -June 1947, the goal was passed There were 6OO55, 900 Americans in civilian jobs and 100000 more were employed in the armed services Civilian employment was 173O 900 higher than May, 1947; about 1000 higher than in June 1946.
 Beating the Wallace goal three years ahead of the Wallace schedule is quite achievement But don't ex pect the great economic thinkers of the Wallace school to be happy about it. It wasn't done according to their plans. In fact it done in spite of their many ings the last two years that vast unemployment about to hit.
 So now they'll say that the 60O ,O00 jobs result from unhealthy boom They'll point to the way prices have gone up since government controls came off.
 To be sure, that record-smashng job total does not justify complacency great wisdom in the policies of government and busi But if prices have risen, have the hourly wage rates and weekly earnings. By comparison with any other country the United States is in remarkably good shape
 There is country-much admired by MT. Wallace and his followers-where government planning and management of the national economy is complete That country, Russia, probably has even ''fuler employ ment than we do.
 People there are compelled to work Wages and prices tightly controlled by the Soviet government There "profit-greedy corporations to rob the workers So, let's how we'll off those Russian work CTS are.
 The U S. Labor Department has just issued an off cia study of Soviet prices and wages two years after the
 It says that in Moscow, wages have gone up 25 per cent average food prices 166 per cent, since last Sep tember The weekly wage of average Soviet worker will buy only 23 oaves of bread 17 pounds of sugar 16 quarts of milk less than 10 pounds of beef or four pounds of butter
 The living standard of the average American worker, deprived though he is of Waace-style government planning is almost 10 times high as that of his Rus sian counterpart The average American factory worker can buy with his present weekly wage at least 390 oaves of bread 500 pounds of 275 quarts milk, or 82 pounds of beef, or 70 pounds of butter
 Thus the employment picture, and some light on comparative purchasing power, but
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23

control by its purchases-that IS,
 it can do without some products ] when if feels the price is too nigh.
 But no one can do without food. Food is basic. A man must eat to live. So when food costs are up,
 the public is more or less helpless.
 Before the war, l9c of the con-
 sumer's dollar went for food
 probably too low proportion for
 the good of agriculture and the nation. During the war, this figure
 went up to PIC; recent figures 'n- dicate that food now takes 43c of the consumers dollar.
 You may well ask: "Why?'
 Food, like everything else, costs
 more to produce today because of the higher wages paid farm labor,
 greatly increased costs for feed,
 fertilizers and the many other
 "toolS" the farmer needs in the
 work. Little can be done about
 these causes. But there is another
 reason for today's high food prices and one that something can be
 done about. That is the blundering
 buying methods used by the Fed
 eral Administration in its huge
 purchases of food.
 Take corn, as an example. We produce annually three billion bushels of corn. Of this, approxi-
 mately 80 per cent remains in the
 county where it is grown, to be used as food for livestock and other purposes. Of the remaining 20 per cent, half remains in the
 state where it is produced. This leaves 300 million bushels of corn for interstate and international commerce-an average of 25
 million bushels per month. Of this remainder, our own Government is buying, for relief and other purposes, approximately IS million bushels monthly--on regular schedule. This leaves only 10 million bushels-far below nor mal-for the market. Furthermore, the Governments purchasing plans are known, and speculators are quick to take ad- 1 vantage of this and buy up what corn is available. The result is to
 force the price of corn to unrea- sonable heights, affecting not only
 the Administration and the 10 mil
 lion bushels available for the pub lie, but also the price of the entire three billion bushel crop. The price of feed for chickens, pigs and cattle is so high that hundreds of thousands of farmers cannot af- ford to raise such livestock for sale. This has created scarcities in these food items, which in turn,
 have further raised the price of the available supply.
 Mounting food costs have led 10
 wage increase demands which add
 to the cost of other commodities.
 With 43c of the consumers dol lar going for food, the average cit I izen is unable to buy many pro- ducts he wants and needs. This
 curtailed buying power can lead
 to unemployment in one field after another and in time upset our en- tire national economy.
 A partial solution to the prob lem of high food prices would be change in the Administrations unWise buying tactics. If annOunc-
The Nome nugget., 1947-07-23

shaped from lluSiOn-in it's the subStan-I tial belief that Russia would cooperate. From the outset, the hard logic of reality argued against faith in Russian collaboration for the building of One World Everything in the history and nature of Soviet power contradiced such hope But we believed
 in it because of our trust in common humaneness of purpose And continued to believe it in spite of peated housings with the icy water of fact There will be many who are loath to rub the sands from their eyes, but Henry Wallace in his hatng
 ndorsemen of the Marshall plan is beginning to show signs of consciousness.
 Fortunately, are not awakening to despair Rather we striding forth the path which yet may lead to free and peaceful world In compromises with Russian tOtaltarianism embracing con- tradicons which inevitably would have led to spread
 ing sutocaon of liberty and finally to war Now, in the constructive principles of the Marshall program, promising Europe the one kind of support which can halt this final drift.
 Close followers of foreign policy are much excited by analysis of 'The Sources of Soviet Conduct in
 the July issue of Foreign Affairs quarterly The article is attributed to Mister X, whose anonymity and thority suggest he is highly placed official of the department.
 The author-believed to be George Kennan, the de- partments top adviser long-range policy-summar- izes hope of in the struggle with otaltar ianism in these sensible words:
 "t is question of the degree to which the United States create among the peoples of the world gen. erally the impression of country which knows what WantS which IS coping successfully with the problems of its internal life and with the responsibilities of world pOwer and which has the spiritual vitality cap able of holding its own among the major theological currents of the time To the extent that such impress sion be created and maintained the aims of Russian Communism must appear sterile and quixOtic, the hopes and enthusiams of Moscow's supporters must wane, and added strain must be imposed the Krem- ln's foreign policies -"
 In those words is perhaps the clearest expression ever given of the challenge which today faces the United States. The question must answer is whether people exercise the unity and strength of pur pose to make effective of unequaled national power That is the test Heaven grant equal to t Why Food Prices Are High
Evening star., 1947-08-13
Britain
Continued From First Page }

headquarters announced yesterday
that he would speak Sunday night.
Informed sources said one major
topic at the government conference
with labor leaders and industrial
lists was the precise scope of the
crisis" legislation which specifies
that jobs in certain trades and in
dustries shall be obtained only
through labor exchanges.
Lords Meet September 9.
Those at the talks included Min
istry of Labor officials and the
IA members of the Joint Consulta-
tive Committee of the British En-
ployers' Confederation and the
Trade Union Congress.
Informants said the joint COM
mittee would be asked to advise
the Labor Ministry on the govern
ments appeal for longer working
days.
The predominantly Conservative
House of Lords voted to meet Sep
tember 9 to consider actions the
government might take under its
crisis powers.
While the House of Lords, sitting
by itself, would have little control
over any government action, the
Marques of Salisbury, Conservative
leader, said he believed it should
meet again in three weeks, if only
to keep an eye on the situation.
IF the other house is not willing
to take such course, it is entirely
their affair." he declared. I'VE in
Evening star., 1947-08-13

Asuncion in. a bold effort to turn
| the tables.
That, at any rate, is one mans
idea of what happened
Evening star., 1947-08-13
would hit hard at a major American

would hit hard at a major American
industry.
Transport Minister Chevrier said
he knew of no move to embargo
Canadian newsprint shipments and
declared it would probably be a
government matter in which the
Trade Department would have some
thing to say.
He said Canadian figures showed
open-top coal cars in Canada had
been reduced from a peak of 1900
to 8,120 but the Office of Defense
Transportation claimed Canada had
not returned 10000.
Mr.. Vaughan said at Montreal
that since early spring the number
OF Canadian box cars in the United
States had steadily increased until
August 10 when there were 5,526
more in that country than there
were American box cars on C. N. r.
lines in Canada.
Constant representations had been
made to the Association of American
Railroads and the ODT to improve
the situation but with no effect,
he said.
The ODT said today it had no Of
f1cial communication of Canadian
intentions to embargo newsprint
flow to this country, but had heard
in a roundabout way" that an at
tempt may be made.
The ODT was not much disturbed
about the consequences, since Can
ada apparently needs coal worse
than we need paper" The spokes-
man suggested that newsprint could
be shipped on the Canadian Pacific
Railroad if the government-owned
Canadian National refused to han
die it.
The ODT believes its ban on
shipping American coal over CNR
lines also will be short-lived. It will
be lifted as soon as the Canadians
balance the freight car holdings by
sending back to this country about
5000 cars.
Evening star., 1947-08-13
Newsprint Embargo
By Canada Seen in
Coal Car Dispute
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

OTTAWA, Aug. 13.-An embargo
on shipments of United States coal
into Canada over Canadian Ma
tional Railway lines was scheduled
to go into effect at midnight to-
night and official quarters here,
perturbed about the situation, fore
saw the possibility of a Canadian
embargo on shipments of newsprint
to the United States as a counter
move
Canadian Transport Minister
Lionel Chevrier was expected to
make statement today on the
Washington action ordered by the
Office of Defense Transportation
which said Canadian National Rail-
ways had failed to speed return of
coal cars in sufficient numbers tc
the United, States The Canadian
Pacific Railway Is not affected by
the embargo.
Embargo Threat Seen.
Meanwhile high government
official here saw the threat" of
Canadian embargo on shipments
of newsprint into the United States
in statement issued yesterday at
Montreal by R. C. Vaughan, presi-
dent of the c. NJ r. Mr.. Vaughan
said the United States embargo had
been made arbitrarily and without
careful weighing of factors in
volved," charged United States lines
with failure to return c. N. r.
boxcars to Canada and hoped this
/ would not result "in our inability to
provide all the cars needed for paper
loading to the United States"
The official said that while Mr..
Vaughan's statement could be in
terpreted as a threat" the C. N. R.
had not communicated it as such
to Washington authorities so far as
was known.
1t was conceded that the United
States coal embargo would leopard
lze Canada's reserves of coal because
the c. N. R. handles the greater
amount Of the import. But it was
pointed out that any action by
Canada banning newsprint ship
ments to the United States also
Evening star., 1947-08-13
Grain 'MonopoIists' Barred
Trade Pocts, Reds Chorqe

MOSCOW, Aug. 13 tP.-The So
Wet foreign policy magazine New
Times said yesterday that recent
British Russian trade broke down
because the conditions under which
Russia agreed to sell wheat to Brit
ain where "disadvantageous to the
Chicago and Canadian (grain)
monopoliSts."
New Times accused persons en-
trusted with the general direction of
English foreign trade OF RESPONSE
bility for failure of the two nations
to reach trade agreement.
The unsigned editorial implied
that such treaty would have been
contrary to the interests of Ameri-
can and Canadian wheat interests
and that high British officials were
lin harness" with the Western Hem
iSphere- interests.
1t was the first published Rus
sian comment on the trade salks
Evening star., 1947-08-13
45-DaY Commuters Ticket
For Ba|timore-D. T.. Asked
By ths Associoted Pres,

of me AsSociofed fTeSS
A As instead of 80 day commuta-
tion ticket to take care of Balti-
more Washington commuters work
ing five-day week was requested
IN a petition on file today with the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Commission examiners have rec
commended fiat $3.50 increase for
the 5O-trip monthly tickets along
with other general increases rec
commended in the East.
David L. Foutz. head of Balti-
more riders group. said they did
not object to bearing a share of 'the
increased operating costs of the
railroads" but contended the pres
ent 50-ride ticket good for only 80
days resulted in losses of 2 to 10
rides a month to those working q
short week.