davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-09-17
AirIines
Continued From First Page. J

should be assumption by the military
of the cost of designing, develop
ment, production and service testi-
ing of new types of transport air.
craft.
AS to air mail payments, Mr..
Brophy prepared figures to show
that for the fiscal year 1857, the
worst in airline history, mail con-
stituted only SAT per cent of reve-
nue., or the lowest figure in the last
10 years.
Cites Example.
AS an Illustration, he pointed out
that ton of air mail flown from
New York to Paris yields $4,000 in
revenue stamps, but the airlines
receive only $2,73s for carrying the
mail.
Other witnesses today before the
f1ve-man commission meeting in the
Department of Commerce Audito-
rum were to be La Motto T. Cohu.
president of Trans World Airline:
John Alison. newly appointed Un-
dersecretary of Commerce for Aero
nautics, and Capt. Eddie Ricken-
backer, president of Eastern Air
Lines.
The commission. headed by Thom-
as K. Finletter, New York City at
torney, former special assistant to
the Secretary Of State and consult
ant to the American delegation to
the United Nations Conference at
San Francisco, will continue hear
ings for several days a week until
mid-October.
'F''>' To Visit West Coast"
The commissioners conferred in
executive session yesterday after
noon with Air Force chiefs and plan
to visit the West Coast soon to see
at first hand conditions in the man
ufacturing end of the aircraft in
dustry, both, commercial and mill
tary.
After two days in executive ses-
sion, the Congressional board ad-
Journed late yesterday to meet next
on September 30, at which time a
schedule of public hearings probably
will be announced.
Among those heard in a discus
sion of foreign policy and the Mar
shall Plan for aid to Europe was
George Kennan, a key man in the
State Departments planning group.
Attending the two-day session
here, in addition to Senator Brew
ster. were Senators Hawks, Repub-
lican, of New Jersey. and Capehart,
Republican, of Indiana, and Rep
resentatives Hinshaw, Republican,
of California; Bulwinkle, Democrat,
OF North Carolina, and Kilday
Democrat, of Texas.
All members of the Congressional
board have been associated with
aviation legislation in Congress for
a number of wears.
Evening star., 1947-09-17
CIothier Tells Probe
Any Cut in Costs Musl
Start in Raw Materia!
By the Asoeioted Pres,

BOSTON, Sept. 1.-THE presi-
dent of a leading mems clothing
store today told a congressional sub
committee investigating high prices
that any reductions in the cost of
mems apparel must start with the
manufacturer and go down TO the
raw material Itself"
Edward Presbrey, president of
Kennedys, Inc. said in a statement
prepared for the price investiga-
ton that If the net profit currently
being made by his company was
entirely sacrificed sit would have
no appreciable effect on our present
retail prices"
"If for the first six months of the
current fiscal year the officers of
this company had received no COM
pensation," the clothier continued,
the retail price of an article selling
for 81 could have been reduced only
fraction of l cent without affect
ing the company's net profit.
Had Reduced Markups.
"On the other hand, reduction
Of cents in the unit cost to the
retailer of an article selling for 81
would generally result in the retail
price being reduced to 90 cents
Mr. Presbrey said that as unit
costs had advanced. his company
had reduced its merchandise mark
up.
Cameron S. Thompson. vice presi-
dent OF the Jordan Marsh Co.. New
largest department store,
said mark-ups in his prices for the
first six months of this year were
the lowest in the past 18 years.
OF SIG basic items sold in his
store, 456 decreased or remained the
same on July 81 as compared with
January 81.
Hoarding Signs Sought.
Net profits of most retailers for
the past spring season as compared
with those of year ago were much
less, he added.
AS a result of yesterdays hearing,
the investigators were prepared to
seek inventories of large scale food
producers to determine if stock were
being boarded.
The committee moved in that d.
rection after Malcolm McCabe, exec
utive secretary of the Massa achusetts
Retail Grocers' Association, asserted
that certain food supplies, particu-
larly eggs and butter, were in the
hands of spectators.
Senator Baldwin, Republican, of
Connecticut, acting chairman in the
absence in Chicago of Senator
Flanders, Republican. of Vermont.
said the committee will want to look
into the stocks of food in this area.
to see whether there is any holding
back of supplies to get higher prices"
Evening star., 1947-09-17
$3.50 Corn Sends Farmers
On Mass Vacation in West

his wife Catherine, 66. I'm getting
two and half bucks a bushel for
my corn. It's about time we took a
little vacation"
In contrast with the rock bottom
struggles of the 1930s. Mr.. Sample
said, the average Hoosier farmer
now is running a s25. 900 investment
and is making money on it. He
said the group of tourists, travelling
in three special trains, represented
IS Of Indiana's 90 counties and
were "the largest civilian mass
movement from one point in the
history of American railroads"
Mrs. Henry Prescher, go, said it
was the first time she'd been on a
train. She thought it was very
comfortable.
Thirty-seven sightseeing buses
took the tourists around San Fran
cisco yesterday, through Chinatown
last night and to Muir Woods, in
Marin County north of the Golden
Gate, this morning.
Evening star., 1947-09-17

cuss the forms that will be used to
record complaints.
Forms in Other Cities Used.
Maj. Barrett said the most useful
parts of eight or 10 forms used in
other cities will be merged into the
forms to be used here.
He also revealed that until a code
is worked out to handle confidential
cases, he will continue his July 2
order permitting the Withholding
OF certain cases up to 80 DAYS with
the permission of the investigating
officers superior.
Maj. Barrett announced the new
central complaint room, to which
all complaints will flow and from
which all scout cars will be dis
patched, will occupy the present
quarters of the Metropolitan Police
Band on the fourth floor of the
Municipal Center. The band will
be moved temporarily to the police
gymnasium on the sixth floor.
Evening star., 1947-09-17

rnitting crime, the Identification
bureau will have available at all
times an up-to-date index of known
criminals in the city and their
techniques.
Clothing to Be Unchanged. >
He also ordered that all prisoners
appearing in the lineup be clothed
in the manner in which they were
picekd up. This, he said, is essential
to obtain proper identification of
prisoners.
Work went forward today on the
projected reorganization of the de-
partment's crime reporting and
communications systems.
inspector Truscott. who has been
assigned the task of setting up a
new Central Bureau, and Capt.
John j. Agnew, promoted yesterday
to head the new unit met late yes
terday with Maj. Barrett to dis
Evening star., 1947-09-17
Police
Continued From First Page }

prisoners are brought in early in the
morning, given their breakfast and
taken to court in a waiting van, if
they are not held for headquarters
cases.
Attendance this morning was
about so per cent more than under
the old system. Chief of Detectives
Floyd X. Truscott said there are
about 200 plain -clothesmen on
duty" About $50 appeared at the
new lineup.
Nine prisoners underwent sur
veillance this morning, one of whom
was Robert Lee Ray. who yesteray
escaped for the second time from
Arlington County Jail. He was ap-
pretended early this morning.
Detectives appearing this morn
ing, in addition to those tn regular
detective squads, included those
from the District attorneys office,
the hack inspectors Office, the acci-
dent investigation unit and the
Juvenile Bureau. Members of the
Detective Bureau working an eve
ming shift will continue to report to
headquarters for evening roll call at
pm. and those working from mid
night to 8 am. will appear at an
HAS pm. roll call.
Now that No. precinct is in the
new Municipal Center, the cells
used by that precinct have been
Iociu,otal nc Tho oantrol oo1I b1ooL
for receiving all prisoners charged
with felonies or crimes who will be
sent through the morning lineup.
Identification Speeded Up.
Maj. Barrett announced that, in
order to facilitate identification of
prisoners, the Identification Bureau
will remain open "a hours. AS soon
as a prisoner is received in the CEN
tral cell block, he will be taken to
the bureau and fingerprinted and
photographed in order to disclose his
record as soon as possible. This also
will stagger the work load at the
bureau. Maj. Barrett said.
In a time and transportation saw
ing procedure, Maj. Barrett has
ordered adjacent precincts to
double up in carrying prisoners to
the morning lineup.
Maj, Barrett has ordered that all
prisoners appearing for identifica-
ton be accompanied by records. He
said if prisoner is to be held for
investigation, records must specify
the nature of the investigation to
be made. By keeping q complete
record On each prisoner and the
method he may have used In COM
Evening star., 1947-09-17
foods are served is a matter TO
each individual restaurant.

foods are served is a matter for
each individual restaurant.
Sees Restaurant Squeeze"
Mr.. Ebersole described restau-
rants as being caught in squeeze"
between rising food prices and oper-
ating costs on the one, hand and
customer demands on the other.
There remains one method of
combating high food costs for res
taurants, one that applies to the
home consumer as we'll" he sug-
gested. That is to tempt patrons
away from the most expensive food
items, serve less expensive cuts of
meat and use more economical
dishes wherever possible. 1t is the
hour for the consumer public and
the restaurant industry, which alone
uses Is per cent Of the edible food
produced in the country, to bring
about normal conditions.
Evening star., 1947-09-17

duction in the cost of government,
which is just as inf1ationary.
Throughout his speech, which
was broadcast nationally, Senator
Taft was interrupted by applause.
At the conclusion he was given an
ovation, and when the meeting
broke up he and Mrs. Taft had to
remain in the hall to shake hands
with hundreds of his listeners.
Earlier in the day Senator Taft
addressed a luncheon meeting Of
the Town Hall. attended by about
5000 members and their guests. He
gave a detailed description of what
the Republican Congress had &C
complished in its first session. 1t
was evident he made a deep i'm
preston on this gathering of bust
ness and professional men and their
guests.
Evening star., 1947-09-17
BY the Associoted Press

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. IT,
Buoyed by $3.50 corn and plati-
num-priced hogs 1900 Indiana
farmers and their wives came rid
ing high into San Francisco yes
terday aboard 80 Pullmans, and
will leave at l pm. today for Port
land on their 12~day tour of 13
Western States.
Glenn Sample of the Indiana
Farm Bureau, spokesman. said that
for many it was the first time they'd
left their homes since the depres-
sion Of the 1930's-when the sheriffs
used to put them out in foreclosure
evictions.
I'm taking my first vacation in
my whole darned lifetime" grinned
Frank Elson, so, of Laotto (popula-
ton 250).
We've been looking forward to
this" agreed 70-year-old Joe john
son of Frankfort; who arrived with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-03-19
Reich Repurutions Impusse

There is little either novel or
unexpected in the presentation of
views at the Moscow session of the
Foreign Ministers Council on an
economic policy for Germany. What
Messrs. Bevin, Bidault, Marshall
and Molotov are saying merely re-
states what they or other official
spokesman for their respective gov
ernments have been saying on
virtually every occasion when the
economic problem of Germany has
been raised NonetheleSS, this reit-
Grafton underscores the gravity of
the problem and the unlikelihood
that a constructive solution by COM
mon accord will be found at this
Moscow meeting.
Today, as previously, the big
Four" are split three ways. America
and Britain are closely associated
in advocating one policy which goes
almost diametrically counter to that
advocated by Soviet Russia and, in
lesser degree, to the policy urged by
France To add to the completely,
France and Russia are likewise in
disagreement over their respective
formulas
The root of the difficulty runs
back to the Potsdam agreement
among America, Britain and Russia.
France did not participate at
Potsdam and did not fully acquiesce
in the agreement when she was ad-
mitted to the Council and assigned
a sphere of military occupation in
Germany.
The Potsdam agreement clearly
stipulated that Germany was to be
treated as an economic unit; but
that stipulation has never been
carried out In practice, each of the
four occupying powers has had its
own economic policy, although
America and Britain have so har-
monized their procedures that their
zones have been economically
integrated. The upshot has been
that German economy, broken first
into four and later into three unco-
ordinated parts, has rapidly deteri-
grated, with unsatisfactory results
to all the occupying powers, to say
nothing of it's retarding effect upon
general European recovery. Never
theless, a solution for this deplorable
situation is blocked by the precedent
conditions advanced by the three
diverse factions. Russia demands
that German economic unification
be accompanied by an agreement to
let her take $4,000, 100000 worth of
reparations over twenty-year
period, coming largely from current
production. Russia also seeks annul-
ment of the economic merger of the
American and British zones, plus an
arrangement for Russian participa-
ton in control of the Ruhr, Ger
many's industrial heart. America
and Britain stick by the letter of
the Potsdam agreement and refuse
the Russian claim on current pro-
duction as, in effect, making the
western powers pay for Russian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-03-19

Americas cities are sick. They are
apt to get lot sicker if cure for their
condition is not literally applied.
They are suffering from a disease
which makes them rotten at the core,
then causes them to split like atoms of
uranium 235, and shoot off suburbs like
electrons-which split again and set up
sinister chain reaction.
This chain reaction, even though it
has been going on since about 1910, is
still new But at the end of the chain
lies bankruptcy brought on by general
exodus of people who pay taxes, bust
nesses trying to keep in touch with
people who pay taxes and industry seek
ing to escape high taxes and to find
large pieces of land for mass production
plants near through truck routes.
Washington is one of these cities. The
disease is increasingly prevalent here
and is bound to get worse unless some
thing is done to induce people not to
move.
Already Washington is running into
the tax and revenue problems caused by
this condition. Studies suggest that the
population of the District will get less
and that the people who move away
are the people the city can least afford
to lose
Washington is coming to realize this
problem Fear of the consequences is
heard from many quarters. But Wash
ington has yet to be as completely frank
with itself as, say, st. Louis.
Drastic Measures on Population Loss.
Not long ago, the Mayor of st. Louis
signed report that said If the city
didn't adopt drastic measures to hold
its population, it would drop from a
community of 100000 to one of 1000
by 1880 and would be municipality bank
rupt.
Think what this means. The 5000
left would be the poor, who receive
more from tax money than they pay.
They couldn't produce the money to
keep up the sewers, collect the garbage,
control crime, support justice, educate
children, control fires, sweep the streets,
maintain hospitals and to supply drink
ing water. Economic anarchy would
result.
Every American city is feeling the
presence of this peculiar sickness today.
Although this process of blight was
dppdlCllt W d ICldu1FCly 1CW piO1Coololiol
men and civic leaders before the war,
the average man took the gradual dis
Indignation of cities more or less for
granted When things got disagreeable
in his old neighborhood, he moved out
into the country and figured he had the
situation licked.
AS one writer puts it, 1.-THE people are
now virtually climbing over themselves
in their attempt to live at the mythical
edge of the city"
What They Left Behind Them.
In doing so they have left approx
mately 20 per cent of all American cities
hopelessly blighted and this 20 per cent
is unable even to approach paying its
share of taxes to support municipal
services.
A national average has been figured
out for cities generally. This 20 per
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-03-19
Parental Delinquency

Representative Chester H. Gross,
Republican, of Pennsylvania is one
of those old-fashioned citizens who
still believe that sparing the rod is
apt to spoil the child. AS the father
of eight children, he is eminently
qualified to express an opinion.
Addressing his colleagues in the
House, Mr.. Gross has advanced an
idea already espoused by Attorney
General Clark, FBI Director Hoover
and others, namely, that the alarm
ing increase in crime since the war
years is not so much problem OF
juvenile delinquency as it is of
parental delinquency.
The idea may be old fashioned,
but most law enforcement officers,
from personal observation of typical
cases of juvenile delinquency, are
inclined to agree with Mr.. Gross
that much of the blame for the
wave of youthful lawlessness lies
with the parents. These authorities
see direct relationship between the
disruption of home life during the
war and the alarming rise in crime
which is following in the wake of
war. Mr.. Hoover, in announcing
that more persons were arrested in
1916 than in any other year of the
past decade, listed among contrib
uting factors the spirit of wartime
abandon" and gradual break
down of the American home"
The trend of crime since the war
bears out this theory as to parental
responsibility. Major crimes in all
categories except automobile theft
rose sharply last year. Murders in
creased 1913 per cent; robberies, 15.7
per cent; assaults, 1873 per cent,
and burglaries, 11.3 per cent. More
youths of 81 were arrested than in
any other age group. These were
the teen-agers of the dislocated war
and prewar years, an era marked
by what Mr.. Hoover aptly terms a
gradual breakdown" of home dis
cipline.
Some of this breakdown, of course,
was an inevitable concomitant of
war. Some of it undoubtedly could
have been avoided, regardless of
wartime conditions, had some par
ents themselves not succumbed to
the spirit of wartime abandon"
A little more emphasis on parental
delinquency, if not an actual revival
of woodshedstyle discipline, might
go a long way toward solving the
problem of juvenile delinquency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-03-19
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

The question of the western frontiers
of Poland, which now concerns the Mos
COW conference, is the direct result OF
the changes in the Polish eastern from
tier. The initiative for this came from
the Soviet Union Soviet claims were,
however, supported in London and
Washington. They were not sup
ported by the Polish government In
London, whose intransigeance on this
question was. rebuffed by the West
ern Allies. In retrospect, the argu-
ments advanced by this government
are, however, sound, and it is fateful
that they went unheeded. For had
Poland not been shorn of the eastern
lands, the thorny problem of Germanys
eastern frontiers would not be worri-
some today.
The argument for allowing the Soviet
Union to keep approximately that Polish
territory taken in cahoots with Hitler
was that Eastern Poland was "histori-
cally" Russian - predominantly popu-
lated by people of non-Polish national
ity-and that prewar Poland had had
trouble with a dissatisfied Ukrainian
minority.
The historical argument was as good
for Hitler's claims to Western Poland
as for Russia's to Eastern, for Russia had
originally acquired Eastern Poland, as
Germany Western, by a mutual act of
force. Hitler and Stain in 1899 re-
peated the actions of Catherine and
Frederick II a century and half earlier.
Just why Stain should have been
justified and Hitler not was never clear.
AS for the minority claim: the Soviet
Union itself is multinational state, as
was ever historic Poland. There was no
evidence that Polish Ukrainians wished
to join the Soviet Union. They wished
a national state or greater autonomy,
and so do many Soviet Ukrainians. 1t
is questionable whether the Soviets have
profited in adding to population which
has caused them trouble during the life
time of the Soviet Union, which was
SO disaffected that it surrendered in
droves to the Germans, and which is
complicating the D. P. problem IN Ger
many by refusing repatriation.
X X X
The Soviet Union, had no need of
territory. Russia's problem is shortage
of manpower But by taking Eastern
Poland and repatriating its Polish popu-
lation, Russia underworld Polish claims
to compensation" at the expense OF
Germany, whose basic problem is over
population and particularly shortage OF
agricultural land
The Soviet armies and the Polish
puppet government they installed then
set the new frontiers on the Oder and
the western Neisse by unilateral action,
taking "a per cent of Germany. On no
ethnic grounds could they claim this,
and it's transfer involved the lives OF
eight of nine million Germans and the
breadbasket of the German nation.
Politically, it was a shrewd Soviet
move. For the annexation was bound
to create permanent friction between
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-03-19
Letters to The Star
Child Delinquency Blamed
on Inadequate Care


To the Editor of The Star:
There is trouble again in Washington's
juvenile institutions, this time at the
Receiving Home. A few days ago a
riot" broke at the Girls Training
School. The newspapers report the
facts. Some readers glance at the story
and pass on to the funnies. Others are
interested in reading the big events, the
Moscow conference or Miss Truman s
radio debut Some, who care enough
to read the plight of our young folks,
shake their heads and let 1t go at that.
The authorities concerned attribute the
riots to number of factors" but are
silent as to what these factors are. Fin
ally some Judge prescribes more con-
troll" over the girls. And there the
matter rests until another riot occurs.
The girls are probably severely pun
ished, thrown into solitary, unsanitary,
little rooms called Jugs" which, accord
ing to my observations in another in
stitution, have no regular toilet facili-
ties other than zinc buckets.
What do these accomplish? This:
The girls become more hostile, more
bitter and eager to get even" with a
world that treats them so inhumanly.
What these forgotten young folks
need is modern institution, super
visors who know their child psychology,
and who can win the confidence and
cooperation of their unfortunate wards.
What they need is a sympathetic dag
nosis of their troubles and patience on
the part of their matrons to apply sound
principles again and again. The tyran-
nical attitude that treats the children
as criminals eventually makes criminals
out of them.
Their disordered habits and unac-
ceptable behavior are mere symptoms,
outward manifestations of serious un-
derlying disturbances of personality.
To strike at the roots, we must under
stand and correct the basic causes I'M
derneath the symptoms
America prides itself upon its belief
in the respect for the dignity of the
individual. We send millions of dollars
to other lands to aid their RECONSTRUCT
ton. Yet in our Nations Capital Amer
lean children ARE forced to sleep on
pallets thrown on the dornitory floor!
Glory be, we cannot afford to buy a
few hefIs for them let there he cries
of shame for this wanton treatment
of our children. Someday when the
American people pierce the iron walls
that have been built around our in
situations of juvenile delinquents, and
find out what really goes on, their con-
science will receive severe shock. That
may be happy day for our forgotten
young folks. EDWARD K. MERAT,
Formerly Assistant Superintendent OF
Industrial Home School, Washing
ton, D. c.