davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24

WASHINGTON, Aug. 80. -(P-
Charles E. Bohlen. the new State
department counsellor, is one OF
the youngest men yer to hold
such a responsible position in the
making of our foreign policy.
Interviewed in his small, book
filled office, Bohlen hardly looks
his AZ years, even at the end OF
a long %work-day. He smokes
almost continuously as he signs
the last few papers lying on his
desk.
His Job as counsellor is to cad
wise and assist the secretary of
State in the confederation and
solution of major problems of
foreign relations" At this m e
"major problems" mean Russian
problems, the kind on which
Bohlen is eminently qualified to
assist and advise.
Bohlen's expert knowledge on
Russia was garnered through fire.
uuent assignments at Moscow and
close contact with the top Russian
hierarchy at war time and post
war conferences.
Before he graduated from Har-
ward in 1927, Bohlen says, II fore
saw, as many people did back in
the late '20s, that many interest
ing things were going on in Rus
STA.
IT wanted to find out about 'em.
So the first thing I did, after pass
ing the State department exams,
was to apply for Russian speciali-
cation work"
After learning Russian from a
university Of Paris professor
named Paul Boyer, who taught a
whale of a course" Bohlen in
1884 Joined the staff of William
. Bullitt, our first ambassador to
Moscow since the Russian revo-
luton in 1918. Boh]en was 1hlrd
secretary in the embassy.
''Those were the days when
Litvinov, who was then Russian
foreign minister , pulled the
strings" he recalls in his slight
Harvard drawl. 'We hadn't been
in Moscow for 10 years. 1t was a
very interesting assignment
Bohlen left Moscow and came
back to Washington in 1885.
81 was a leg man in the I'M
dersecretary's office. And then in
the fall of 1887, after another brief
spell at Moscow, I was sent to
BRUSSELS as secretary to the
American delegation at a confer
ence called to figure out ways of
stopping the Sino-Japanese war.
by secretary, I mean I was
chief cook and bottleWasher.
That's what it usually amounts
to-"
But Bohlen didn't get much rest
from Moscow. In January 1888 he
was sent back again, this time
as second secretary. Soon a
arriving he heard by cabl that
his wife had born a SON.
1--WE had another one, too, just
a couple of months ago." Bohlen
smiled. again 1 was in Moscow.
at the council of foreign ministers.
You can see I've had two pretty
easy confinements."
In January 1941, just five
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24
CANTON STATES
LABOR DAY FEST
FOR THIS WEEK

CANTON Aug. 23-In this largest
naper and pulp town in the South,
The folks celebrate a week getting
roadv to celebrate Labor Day.
Then they rest up on Sunday, and
Start all over again on the first
Monday in September.
This year the 41st renewal OF
canton's Fall Festival gets under
way Monday, August Is, with full
nrograms of square dancing noun
tain music, and contests conferred
AZ Champion Park with carnival
Surroundings each evening. On
Saturday the proceedings are turn
cd into a beauty contest and
variety program.
Canton is a working town right
smack in the middle of North Caro-
mas famous mountain vacation
country, halfway between Ashe-
Vile mountain metropolis, and
W~syresville, gateway to the Great
smoky Mountain National Park
and Qualla Boundary, home of the
Cherokee Indians. Within motor
reach are the resort c%enters of
Blowing Rock, Mt. Mitchell, Hen
dersonville. the Sapphire Country
Of Rocky mountains and tumbling
waterfalls, the IVA power lakes,
and awesome Nantahala Gorge.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24
Diplomat Relates Experiences
Travels In Aiding Statesmen

months before Hitler invaded Rus
STA. Bohlen was transferred to
Tokyo. He travelled e a n d
through Siberia and by ship from
Vladivostok to Tokyo.
"The Soviet-Japanese pact was
beginning to take on significance"
Bohlen explained. "Mr. Grew, DUR
ambassador at Tokyo, wanted an
officer with some Russian expert
ence. So they sent me. l was
there, with the rest of the embas-
sy staff, for six months e r
Pearl Harbor.
Eve we're shut up, informed, TN
til a transfer was arranged"
In October 1912 Bohlen went to
the Russian division of the State
department. At the almost tender
age of SO he was being groomed
to take a place at the side of two
presidents at 'G5ig three" meet
lngs.
Bohlen's title was Interpreter
and advisor. He supplied Presl-
dent Roosevelt and later President
Truman with a running interpre-
tation of any speech being made
by Stain or Molotov.
If Bohlen kept a log book, it
would raed like all of c S
tours punched together.
"My most travelling year." he
unused, twas in 1915. I'd just got
back to Washington from Yalta
when I had to leave for San Fran
cisco and the United Nations con-
ference. I was only out there a
couple of weeks when Harry Hop
kins and l flew over to Moscow.
my job was to work on a Rus
sian language version OF the
United Nations charter.
II got home for ten days OF SO
from Mosco and then left with
President Truman and Secretary
of State Byrnes for Potsdam."
Although the organizational
chart of the State department
places the office of counsellor just
under the under secretaries and
above the assistant secretaries,
Bohlen said that he had made a
definite point to see that he rank
ed just on a par with the assist
ants.
"It would be ridiculous" he
said, my ranking above Mr..
Armour, for instance" Norman
Armour is an assistant secretary.
II am a foreign service officer,
and 1 want to stay one. This ap-
pointment does not place me IN
a ''special' category"
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24
BOLIVIA YOUTH
FACES CHARGES
Warrant Alleges Criminal
Assault Against Nine
Year-Old

SOUTHPORT, Aug. 23-Thomas
Hewett. 10, white, was being held
Yesterday in Brunswick county
iail without privilege ot bond,
charged with criminally assault
ing a nine-year-old girl, deputy
sheriff, E. V. Leonard said.
Hewett and the girl live in the
same community. near a country
store en- the Bolivia = Southport
road. some six miles from Boliv-
ia, Leonard said.
According to Deputy Leonard,
the mother Of the girl sent her to
the store, a half mile away. short
ly after seven o'clock Wednesday
night. She made her purchases
and was followed from the store
by Hewett.
When the girl vas passing a to-
bacco barn near the road, Hewetu
is said to have seized her by the
arm and dragged her to the barn,
where the assault was repeatedly
committed, Leonard said.
Shortly afterward the girl
reached home, crying. An exami-
nation by a doctor supported her
story of assault and the warrant
and arrest of HeWett followed. He
was found at the store from which
he had followed the girl on the
previous night.
Solicitor Clifton Moore in South
port in connection with the case.
said that he would have special
papers drawn for the case to be
called at the Sept. 2 criminal term
of Superior court here.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24
COFFEE BUILT
CITY DESCRIBED
Santos Is Worlds Foremost
Shipping Center OF
' Bean

WASHINGTON, D. c., Aug. %.
The Brazilian city of Santos is
described by the National Geo
graphic Society as the pert that
coffee built. AS the worlds fore
most coffee shipping point, Santos
handles about three : quarters of
Brazil's export crop, which in 1916
totaled more thar IS million bags.
Santos comes naturally by this
honor, for the state of Sac Paulo
in which it is situated has about
half of Brazil's coffee trees-per-
haps a fourth of the world coffee
acreage. The state capital. also
called Sac Paulo, stands on a
plateau about IS miles inland from
Santos,
The coffee business converted
centuries-old Santos into a city of
broad clean streets lined with
modern office buildings, apart
ment houses, and handsome
homes. It's beaches, backed by re-
sort hotels, make Santos a popu-
lar vacation spot. The city's popu-
lation is about 100, 600, a tenth that
of Sac Paulo.
Bags of coffee flow down to
Santos from the plateau, 2,700 feet
higher than the city. in an almost
continuous stream. Water rushing
down from the same plateu in
five great pipes supplies the city
with electric power. The $50, 000-
horsepower plant is Brazil's larg-
est hydraulic development.
The same waterpower operates
an extensive system of c%onveyors
along the Santos quay. Installed
by a United States engineer, these
belt conveyors do the work of
hundreds of stevedores who for
merly back-packed 132-pound cot
fee bags from train or warehouse
to ship.
Sixteen loading belts c a now
stow $4,000 coffee bags in ship
holds in an hour. Similar belts
convey the coffee to and from the
great warehouses lining the four
mile quay. The warehouses have
a combined storage capacity of Is
million bags.
Planters are increasingly turn
ing from coffee to cotton, which
Sac Paulo's plateau can produce
abundantly. Brazil's 1888 cotton
American bales. Santos shipped
four-fifths of it to world markets.
Santos also has become a great
banana port. Plantations cover the
coastal strip, some of when is re-
claimed marshland. Drainage
| canals a afford waterways over
which bananas can be barged d.
rectly to ships.
Anselm, 18th century Arch
bishop of Canterbury, was an
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24
GOVERNORS TO N

RALEIGH, Aug. 23.-UH-Gov.
Gregg Cherry was expected to
confer with management and union
officials today in another attempt
to end the four-month old Safe
will strike at Rockingham.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-24

A strand of wire 276 miles long
can be made from a chunk of cop
per the size of a baseball.
Evening star., 1947-10-09
Polish Press Steps Up
Anti-American Tone,
Hits Catholic Papers
BY ffs Assoeioted Press

WARSAW, Poland, Oct. 9.-The
government controlled Polish press
has stepped up the anti-American
tone of its editorials. and Is broad
ening its propaganda offensive to
include "reactionary priests" and
Catholic newspapers supporting the
American conception of democracy.
On the heels of Sundays an
nouncement that the Communist
parties of nine European nations
had established a new international
organization, with headquarters IN
Belgrade, Polish newspapers de-
manded q counterattack against ele-
ments in Poland opposing the east
ern brand Of democracy.
The newspaper Clos Ludu, which
usually reflects the views OF Vice
Premier Wladyslaw Golulka, one OF
the signers of the international
Communist declara ton, leveled
six-column attack yesterday against
the Catholic press which propa-
eandizes for the American concep-
ton of democracy ruled by Amer
lean monopolistic capital"
Priest Agitator" Assailed.
The paper assailed priest agi-
tator" in one of Warsaw's leading
churches who, 1t said, told special
congregation of polytechnical stu
dents the government today has
bread in one hand and a club in the
other"
Catholic sources, at the same time,
disclosed that the reading Of q recent
pastoral letter attacking the alleged
lack OF civil liberties in Poland had
resulted in many priests being inter-
rogated by security police. In recent
months, these sources said. six
priests have been sentenced to death
for alleged connections with the
underground.
August Cardinal Hlond, the
Roman Catholic primate of Poland,
was unavailable for comment on the
press attacks or the new Communist
International, but authoritative
Catholic sources said Catholics here
regard the new organization as
deliberate attempt to intimidate
and provoke the United States and
undermine Its influence in Europe"
Youth organizations Of the Workers
Evening star., 1947-10-09
for construction Of a second thor.

for construction Of q second thor
oughfare.
A 1921 900 concrete thoroughfare,
doubling the width of Alabama ave-
nue. and Bowan road Sc, between
Pennsylvania avenue and the Dis
trict line, has been completed and
was opened to the public for the first
time yesterday.
This road is designed to connect
with the Marlboro pike, thus link
ing the downtown section Of Wash
ington more firmly with nearby
Southern Maryland, he explained
The highway started yesterday
will run along Sheriff road NE, be-
tween Minneota avenue and the Dis
trict line. A $154,000 project, 1t
should be completed in about two
Evening star., 1947-10-09
D. {. Begins Fall Planting
OF $500 Trees Monday

More than $500 trees will be
planted on Washington streets this
fall, Supt. John W. Batson of the
District Trees and Parking Division.
announced today.
The work will begin Monday, he
said, and he hopes to hasten the
planting with a tree-digging ma
chine that will do the work of many
men.
According to present plans, he
said, the trees on H street NE, be-
tween North Capitol and Fifteenth
streets, which were taken up to per-
Evening star., 1947-10-09

tl-e United Nations Assembly are
given great prominence in the
papers, mainly from the Soviet point
Of view.
The lone newspaper here which
tries to present a balanced picture
of the situation the opposition
peasant daily Gazeta Ludowa-is
literally blue-penciled by the gov
ernment censor.
Evening star., 1947-10-09
THE EVENING STAR, Washington D. c.
THURSDAY. ocIohER q. 1917.

and Socialist Parties signed CO.
operation agreements pledging them
selves to fight the reactionary at
tempts of priests who use religion
for political purposes.
The controlled press reflected in
creasing antagonism toward Amer
ica. Some papers carried banner
headlines purporting to tell of an
economic crisis" in the United
States and picturing the country
as near catastrophe.
Clos Ludu published cartoon
showing President Truman award
ing Germany a rose garland as
Miss Europe"
Russian American differences ir
Evening star., 1947-10-09

not be replaced. But planting will
begin in other sections to add to
the 100000 trees already in the Dis
trict.
The new trees will be planted
about so feet apart, he said, and it
is the aim of the parking division to
keep the lower branches of the trees
cut to avoid obstructing traffic signs.
nit the widening of the street, will
Evening star., 1947-10-09

months, Capt. Whitehurst estimated.
Funds for both projects were pro-
vided on $3.50 basis by the District
and the Federal Governments Pub
lie Roads Administration.
Evening star., 1947-10-09
Gov. Turner to Be Honored

Secretary of Agriculture Anderson
will be guest at a reception and
luncheon at 1890 pm. Sunday in
the Mayfower Hotef in honor of
Gov. Roy S. Turner of Oklahoma.
The event is being arranged by the
Oklahoma State Society.
Evening star., 1947-10-09

velopment OF the Southwest" ut q
dinner of the Washington Chapter,
University of New Mexico Alumni,
at 7:30 pm. tomorrow in the Parrot
Restaurant.
Evening star., 1947-10-09
Alumni Speaker Named

Undersecretary Of the Interior
Oscar Chapman will speak on THE
Place of the University in the De-
Evening star., 1947-10-09
District Opens -S22f,0OO
Southeast Thorouqhfare

A new four-lane highway was
open to District traffic today as
Highway Director H. c. Whitehurst
announced ground has been broken
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14

Mink Coat Prices Reduced 30 Per Cent."-Head- line. Thus the high cost of living is substantially reduced for certain who consider life not worth living without mink coat.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14

to elevate him to the exalted rank Of full General and Chief of Staff. In making that selection Roosevelt picked the second non-West Pointer in history to be top military man of the Army. The only other non West Pointer who served as Chief Of Staff was Leonard Wood.
 It was a queer twist of political fate that sent Marshall to Virginia Military Academy rather than West Point. He wanted to go to West Point, but Mckinley and the Re- publicans were in power, while Marshalls father was Democrat one of the few ill Uniontown. Pa.
 So young George went to VIII, which perhaps was break for him; because. when it came time to pick a new Chief of Staff. the late General Pa" Watson, Military Aide to Roosevelt and a staunch Virginian, put in powerful oar to have fellow Virginian head up the Army.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
How Much News from Moscow
(NeW York Times)

(New York Tines)
 Less than sixty days from now if present plans carried out, the most important of all peace ccn conference which is to write the central and decisive treaty of peace with Germanywll begin in Moscow Plainly it is not too early for newspapers and the radio in all interested nations to begin making plans to this event. At this very moment add- tonal correspondents ought to be their to the Russian capital, if that is indeed to be the of this historic meeting for proper coverage cannot begin suddenly, like bolt from the blue, the day the conference assemblies there should be adequate pre-
 mnary reports that will attempt to set the stage for it examine far possible in the mysterious ways of Moscow the purpose of the Russian Govern ment and the sentiments of the Russian people Mean while both newspapers and radio in all countries need to know just what is being done to create more ade- quate physical facilities for transmssion-by cable, wireless and telephone-than available in Moscow. Furthermore, the most explicit kind of should be given that the Russian Government will attempt to bar correspondents as "unaccept- able; that there will be complete freedom of men for these correspondents in pursuit of their days work and that censorship whatever will be applied to outgoing news about the deliberations of the ference tat least far the foreign delegates concened) to incoming information about the re- actions of public opinion at home to the of the conference as 1t develops.
 There is grave risk we believe, that unless al these points settled definitely and beyond pos sbility of doubt--now and not later-the American delegation will find itself at the last starting cut to hold a conference in place and under cir cumsances which will condemn it in advance to failure. meeting of transcendant importance to world peace is about to take place. Let have the assurances need that it will not take place in darkness. Or let us choose another place in which to meet.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
AnNUAl MEETING,
 LUTHERAN CHURCH
 HELD TOMORROW

The regular annual congregation al meeting of the Lutheran Church will be held tomorrow evening, Wednesday, January 18th, at 8 o'clock. Annual reports will be giv en and election of three persons to the Church Council will take place.
 This meeting will be unusually important as certain matters per- taining to the new church build- ing program will be presented and will be the main item of business. The new developments to te pre- sented to the congregation are the outgrowth of the visit of Elwood L. Bowman Secretary of the Depart ment of Church Extension under the Board of American Missions of the United Lutheran Church in America.
 Because of the importance of this meeting members of the church are urgently requested to be present. Visitors will be cordially welcomed
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
NO. ? MAN

Let's look at the new No man of the United States government Gen. George Catlett Marshall. For Gen. MarshaIl's selection as Secretary Of State makes him just that--he ranks second only to Pres dent Truman in the present administration and is the man who would become President if vacancy should occur in the White House during the next two years
 For that alone. close look at the suc- cessor to dapper Jimmy Byrnes would be important. Fest is added to the study, however by the world experiences that are compounded into Marshall's career As the Nations 51st Secretary of State, Marshall brings to the top cabinet post experience gathered in A years of military assignments around the world.
 Adding significance too, is that some Democrats with an eye l948 have mentioned Marshall's name privately as among the possible standard bearers If for any reason MT Truman should not be the nominee This is despite lack of any evidence of political ambition Marshall's part. So, here is quick look at Gen. Marshall, soldier turned diplomat
 This trim, grey strategst who bowed out of the military picture November 1945 after directing the creation of the greatest military machine in history observed his 66th birthday December 3l, 1s46 He was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, December 3l 1880 Graduated from Virginia Military Institute he won the bars of second lieutenant in the Army in 1902.
 In World War l. Marshall gained first-hand knowledge of life on the fighting fronts. With the AEF he faced the German armies at Cantigny, Aisne- Marne St. Miniel and in the celebrated Meuse-Ar- gonne operations In this period, he successivey member Of the First Division general Staff First Army Chief of Operations and Chief of Staff of the Eighth Army Corps.
 From 1919 to 1924 he aide to Gen. John J. Pershng, famed leader of the AEF in the First World War The two have maintained close personal rela-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
POLICE SCHOOL IS BEING
 HELD IE JUNEAU

Leo o. Teague, FBI Special Agcnt n charge, announces the opening of a two day police school to be held in the Council Chamber here in Juneau, today and tomorrow from 100 p. m. to 500 D. m., un- der the joint sponsorship of the FBI and the Juneau Police Depart ment.
 The school will cover the tasic fundamentals of police work along with the laws of evidence and ar rest as applicable to the compiled laws of Alaska Emphasis will be placed on preserving a crime scene and the disposition of evidence.
 According to Teague, a police school was held in Ketchikan last week, and other schools are schedul- ed for Nome, Fairbanks and An chorage The schools are held for law enforcement officers only, and il IS expected that they will be held once a year in the future.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14

And it was the same General Staff, still under Marshall, which recom- mended a peacetime air force the same size as our air corps in 1936- at the same time the Chief of Staff Was preparing to recommend a con- script land army of 100000 men.
 In contrast, the new Secretary of State faces a world where big land armies mean little as against rock ct bombs, disease warfare, and atomic bombs, and where a series of nissteps could plunge the world into it's last conflagration.
 But, whatever his methods, George Marshall has one great asset. He has experienced the horrors of two world wars, and the last thing he wants is to throw humanity into another one.
 tcopYRIoHT, 1947, BELL SYNDICATE. INc)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
MARSHALL FOR PRESIDENT

In 1944, before Roosevelt defin- itely decided to run for a fourth term, there was some talk about nominating Marshall incidentally talk which Marshall himself deplor- cd. Naturally, there is also talk now that Truman is grooming Marshall as his possible successor in i948.
 By that time Marshall will be 69, an age generally considered too old fer the job of being President. However, Marshall has kept him. self in excellent physical trim, is up at 6:30 every morning, rides horse back for 50 minutes, takes a brief nap after lunch, and holds his so- cial engagements down to the min mum. Doubtless he could stand the Presidential pace far better than most men of his age.
 His chances, however, are going to depend largely on his success as Secretary of State. This is new diplomatic world George Mar shall is entering-a new and tough world that calls for streamlined methods. And in recent years, Gen. eral Marshall despite his heroic achievements of the past, hasn't always kept abreast of modern methods.
 It was Marshall who told news men even after the atomic bomb had been dropped on Hiroshima and just before Japan surrendered that we would still need land army of 8,000,000 to defeat Japan. It was Marshall's General Staff which in 1940, one year alter Ger many started war in Europe, was so ground-minded that his Generals asked for only six flying fortresses.