davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-03-15
Preserves Sugar

Drying, one Of the oldest ways
Of preserving fruit, makes the most
Of the natural sugar in fully ripe
fruit. Fruits do not need sugar In
canning to keep from spoilage, but
sugar helps hold flavor, color and
shape.
Evening star., 1947-01-27
Tieup Of State Funds
May Force Decision
BY Courts in Georgia
BY the Associated Press

ATLANTA, Jan. 27.-Georgia to-
day faced a threat of slow strangu-
lation of governmental functions
through lack of funds unless its
two rival Governors go to court
promptly with their dispute.
Meanwhile the General Assembly
returned to work with a white pri-
mary" bill as the first order OF
business in the House of Repre-
sentatives. Speaker Fred Hand was
expected to ask an investigation OF
allegations that bribes were offered
to influence Assembly votes when
the Legislature elected Herman
Talmadge Governor.
A showdown on the States finan-
cial operations came yesterday
when State Treasurer George B
Hamilton fatty informed both
claimants to the governorship he
was shutting off disbursals to any
appointive department head until
he was protected by State Su-
preme Court decision
Claimants Asked to Sue.
He asked both Mr.. Talmadge and
1t. Gov. M. E. Thompson, who
claims executive authority as "Act-
ing Governor" to bring a consent
mandamus suit against him to set
tie the issue in court.
After unannounced conferences
with Mr.. Talmadge and Mr.. Thomp-
son, the treasurer said he had in
formed them that he refused to rec
ognize the appointments of either,
whether Senate-confirmed (as Mr.
Talmadge's have been or not.
Moreover, he said, he would accept
no tax collections from Mr.. Tai
madge's revenue commissioner, who
already has turned in total of $4,-
TAG, ,866.87 in checks now lying un-
cashed in the treasurer's vault.
State Auditor B. E. Thrasher, jr.,
described the fiscal situation as
critical" with only enough funds
on hand to operate for four weeks.
Mr.. Talmadge had no comment
on Mr.. Hamilton's action and would
not speculate whether his lawyers
would bring suit.
No Funds to Be Paid.
Mr.. Thompson said he had not
conferred with States Attorney
General Eugene Cook, but doubted
whether he could sue, since his ap-
pointments lacked Senate confrma-
ton and have been barred from Of
flee by Talmadge guards.
Mr.. Hamilton's decision means
that no funds, State or Federal, will
be paid to the State Highway De-
partment, the Department OF Public
Safety Chighway patroD, the Reve-
tnue Department, the Parks Depart
ment, the Executive Department, the
Game and Fish Division and the Di-
vision of Mines.
Other departments will be affected
when their present funds are ex-
hausted.
Evening star., 1947-01-27
Basic Defense Needs
To Prevent Surprise
Cited by Patterson

Universal military training, a
powerful air force and strong
Navy held top billing today as
basic needs to defend the United
States from surprise attack by any
| future enemy.
They were advanced by three OF
| the Nations top military men in
appearances before the final session
of the 21st Wemen's Patriotic Con-
ference on National Defense at the
Hotel Statler yesterday.
In addition to universal training,
Secretary of War Patterson included
a volunteer Regular Army and
enough money lor essential opera
tions as the basic requirements for
ar Army adequate to safeguard the
Nation" He pleaeed against any
congressional pairing of the Army's
sc, 700 100000 budget for the coming
fiscal year.
Strong Air Force Urged.
Calling for a powerful defensive
air force, Gen. George c. Kenney
cautioned that 1--WE are No. l priority
on the list of objectives which the
next Hitler will hand to his boss
gunner"
Gen, Kenney, head of the Strategic
Air Command at Andrews Field, en-.
visioned a transpolar assault by
rockets, guided missiles and aircraft
all loaded with atomic bombs super
explosives, super incendiaries, bac-
terial weapons or whatever means
of mass destruction happens to be in
vogue at the time
He said we must have defensive
Evening star., 1947-01-27


air force able to intercept and break
up such an attack, which he asserted
may result in a casualty list of 25,-
600 900 men, women and children in
the first "a hours.
Biandy Is Speaker,
A strong Navy to keep the sea
lanes open in any future conflict
involving this country was urged by
Vice Admiral w. HIP. Blandy, COM
mannder of the I'd Task Fleet and
formerly in charge of the Navy's
atomic bomb experiments.
Arthur j. Altmeyer. United States
representative to Social Committee
of the United Nations Economic and
Social Council, and Commissioner
of the. Social Security Administra-
tion, described the activities and
goals of that council in his speech
on building world cooperation.
Success of this international
mechanism in the last analysis will
Evening star., 1947-01-27

depend upon the faith that the
peoples of the world have in il
and the support which they give
to it," he declared.
Other Speakers.
Other speakers were Maj. Gen. S.
P. Spalding, deputy executive chair
man of the Army Navy Munitions
Board; and Rear Admiral E. G.
Even, Chief of Naval Air Reserve
Training.
Also speaking as United Nations
Representatives to the conference
were Arthur Sweetser, chief OF
United Nations Department of Pub
lie Information here; and DR.. Frank
A. Calderone, director of Head
quarters Office, Interim Commits
sion MsWorld Health Organization
Atomic Energy, Servant OF
Peace" was the topic of DR.. Edward
U. Condor, director of the National
Bureau. of Standards.
Evening star., 1947-01-27
u. E. Douglass Elected
ILoudoun Bank Director
speeioI Disposch 10 The sior

LEESBURG, Va, Jan. 27.--James
Edward Douglass of Aldie has been
elected a director of the Loudon
National Bank.
Mr.. Douglass fills the vacancy
caused by the death of his father,
John M. Douglass. He is gradu-
ate of Hampden-Sydney College and
served in the Army Air Force dur
ing the last war.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Overweight Aggravated by
Worry and Fear, Doctor Saws

Overweight is aggravated by emo
tional tensions, such as worry, fear
or insecurity, which lead to an in
creased intake of food. according tc
DR.. S. Charles Freed of San Fran
cisco, who questions the belief that
obesity results from glandular dis
turbance.
Writing in the Journal of the
American, Medical association, DR..
Freed deplores the fact that "over-
weight is discussed only occasion
ally, and education of the public in
this regard is sadly neglected, al
though the prevention or treatment
of obesity has far greater benefit
in increasing the life span and COM
batting degenerative changes than
that of practically any other disease
or distinction"
He states that while there might
be doubt as to the shortening of life
by such factors as smoking. tobacco.
alcohol and exercise, there is unani-
nous agreement of all authorities
that overweight has a decided ef-
feet on decreasing the span of life.
Statistics overwhelmingly show that
overweight not only results in an in
creased death rate but also is re-
sponsible for the earlier develop
ment of cardiovascular-renal (per-
tanning to the heart, blood vessels
and kidney diseases. diabetes and
even cancer"
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Freezing Rolls

II you plan to freeze rolls ahead
Of time for a party or for unex-
pected company, it's better to
freeze the shaped rolls rather than
to freeze the dough in large ball
or in sheet, according to DR.. Faith
Fenton, who has conducted re-
search on frozen cooked foods at
Cornell. She reports that some of
the frozen unbaked rolls used in
their experiments were excellent
after eight weeks storage. AS to
whether the rolls should be allowed
to rise or not to rise, DR.. Fenton
says that fully-risen rolls that were
thawed before they were baked
tended to lose volume and flatten
out during thawing. The half-risen
rolls did not rise completely and
also f1attened out and had a coarse
texture. The rolls frozen before
rising were excellent when all pre-
cautions were used. These included
keeping the rising period to a mini
mum and not storing the rolls toe
long.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Tung Oil

Chinese tung oil was first called
"Chinawood oil' by Marco Polo
back in the 14th century when he
found it used in the making of fine
lacquers and enamels in the course
of his travels in ancient Cathay.
Today in this country it is called
either "Chinawood oil" or 'tung
ol' with the latter designation pre-
dominating. Prior to World War II
tung oil, which was widely used in
the paint, varnish and lacquer in
dustry in this country in the formu-
lation of many specialized finishes,
was practically cut off from inter-
national commerce, due to the
activities of the Japanese in China.
Following the japanese occupation
of China, this country's imports OF
tung oil progressively dwindled,
until. by 1912. they had fallen from
IT'S, 100000 pounds of oil in 1887 to
100000 pounds.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Arkansas Educaies MIdwlvss
To Reduce Infant Mortality

In an effort TO reduce childbirth
mortality and provide better pre-
natal care for mothers where medi-
cal facilities are not available, Ar
kansas currently is teaching some
l,500 local midwives modern meth
DDS of child delivery. The American
Public Welfare Association reports
that nearly 20 per cent of all the
nonwhite births in Arkansas are
attended by midwives. The midwife
training plan. under direction of the
state board of health, is operating
as an interim program until ade-
quate medical facilities and more
doctors can be provided.
Under direction of experienced
nurses, local midwives are given
classroom instruction in prenatal
care, child delivery and postnatal
care i'm seven sessions. The course
of instruction supplements regular
supervision given by local health
departments. Dieticians and other
state experts assist in instruction.
Most of the midwives are be-
tween go aAd 80 years of age.
though an increasing number Of
younger women are becoming in
terested in the program. Visual
aids and practical demonstrations
are used extensively by the instruc-
tors since many of the midwives,
who must register with the state,
do not know how to read or write.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
con, n to Starch

St.rcn content of potatoes going
nto starch and alcohol production
,as ranged from Sc per cent for a
cry poor lot to 15.4 per cent, with
averages of from 1913 to 1873 per
cent. for the past eight years. There
are now "a starch factories and l
potato alcohol distillery in Aroos-
took county, Maine. and they oper-
ate from September to June on
Maine potato and surplus crops
from other states. The first potato
starch factory in the western hemi-
sphere was built in Antrim, N. H.,
in 1881.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25

Tuesday evening-Meeting OF
the Church Board.
Wednesday evening-Adult In
structions Class,
Thursday afterno n--Ladies
Aid Society,
Thursday evening-Choir Prac-
tice.
Announcements for Holy Comu-
nion (English), Friday at 100
500 and 800 1000 in the school
building.
Holy Communion English)
October 5. Confessional Service al
$50. Communion Service at 1000
Quarterly Congregational Meet
ing, October 5 at 200.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Cinnamon substitute

The housewife who cannot nnd
cinnamon to flavor her apple pies
may be pleasantly surprised oy 2
substitute derived from waste oat
hulls. DR.. Carl Bordenca OF me
Southern Research institute, BIZ
mingham, reported experiments
with IS possible cinnamaldehyde
substitutes, 5 Of which We're
found to yield cinnamon-like tastes.
The most promising was furanac-
rolein, a product derived In TWO
simple steps from waste oat nuns
Aside from its food uses, oil OF cin-
namon is an important drug ana
cosmetic chemical.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
African EirearmS

Since the arrival Of Europeans to-
ward the end of the 18th century,
firearms have become known to Af-
rican Negroes but have never been
very commonly used. The usual
form of firearm is the muzzle-load-
ing gun which is charged with frag-
ments of scrap iron obtained from
European sources. The marvel Is
that man can fire such device
and yet live. There is terrific re-
coil, the barrel may break away
from the stock, and on the whole it
seems more dangerous for the war
rior than for the person he aims at.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
New Dover Methodist Church
Norman Young Prichard,

Norman Young Prichard,
minister
This is our annual Homecom-
ing, Rally, Picnic.
Sunday School, 1000. In charge
of Mr.. Clair James.
Preaching Service, 1l:00. The ad-
address, of the morning will be
given by DR.. Raymond V. John
son. We are indeed privileged to
be honored by his presence.
Basket picnic, 1910, Legion
Park.
District Rally, 800, in High
Street Church, Springfield.
Chorus Rehearsal, 800, Friday.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Industrial Metals

The chief industrial metals and
minerals are mineral fuels. such as
coal. oil and gas; iron ores; iron
alloy metals: chromium, manga
nese, molybdenum, nickel, tung-
stem, vanadium, copper, lead, zinc,
tin, aluminium; minor metals;
metallurgical minerals; chemical
minerals; fertilizers; ceramic min.
erals; abrasives. Gold because OF
its dominant monetary use is not
listed as an industrial mineral. but
it plays an important part in afford
ing means of purchasing needed
mineral supplies. The most essen.
tial minerals for modern mechan-
lied war are oil, coal, iron. nom
ferrous metals. iron-alloy metals.
mercury, antimany. platinum, sui
phur, asbestos, graphite. magne-
site, mica and industrial diamonds.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
SEPTEMBER Is. ls47

{. y COWS Necu 0
Daiiy cows need a six weeks va
alton from the seven-day-a-Week
Oh Of producing milk to get enough
est and energy to carry on WIN
,op milk production through the rest
If a year following calving. Inc
main reason for giving each COW
rest from milk production before
calving is to enable her to build up
body reserves of fats and tissues.
so that she can stand the long strain
of milk production even when she
cannot quite eat enough to make
UP for all the milk she produces.
Good cows, especially, need this va
cation.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Digging Potatoes

Sweet potatoes should not be ex-
posed to the sun for more than 80
minutes at digging time and should
not be left in the field overnight.
Farmers lose thousands of dol
lars annually because potatoes are
not handled properly at digging
time. Potatoes should be dug before
frost and taken out Of the ground
during fair, dry weather, if possi-
BILE.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
MRS. ROSE ANNA THOMPSON

Funeral services are being COM
pleted for Mrs. Rose Anna
Thompson, aged 62, who died at
Doctors hospital at 4:30 p. M,
Wednesday. Mrs. Thompson had
been i'll since Sunday evening
when she suffered a stroke. She
was born Dec. 20, 1884, in Wood
stock, the daughter of George and
Josephine (Myers) Clifford. Her
father was born in New Bradford,
Mass. and her mother in Switzer-
land.
She was married on May 16,
1905, in Woodstock, to George F.
Thompson, who survives.
Mrs. Thompson took an active
part in many clubs and had
membership in the Congregation
al Church, Woman's Relief Corps,
Mayflower Circle of Kings
Daughters, McGuffey Literary
club, Veterans of Foreign Wars
Auxiliary, Woman's Benefit AS
sociation, Blue Star Mothers and
Daughters of Union Veterans.
Surviving besides her husband,
are the following children, one
rdaughter, Mrs. Grace Chandler,
of Marion; six sons, Robert, of
Claiborne; Edward, of Marysville;
Clifford, of Redwood; James, OF
Marysville; Paul, of Jacksonville,
Florida; and Charles, living at
home; three brothers, Edward
Clifford, of Woodstock; Walter
Clifford, of Urbana and Nicholas
Clifford, of Seattle, Washington;
and l6 grandchildren. One daugh-
ter, a son, a sister and two broth
! ers, proceeded her in death.
Funeral services will be held
at 2 p. m. Friday, in the Congre-
gational Church, with Rev
George Snyder in charge. Inter
ment will be in the Woodstock
cemetery in charge of William H
Faulkner, funeral director OF
Marysville. Friends may call al
the Faulkner Funeral Home.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Springdale Baptist Church

Geo. G. Reed, pastor
Church School, 1000 a. m. Ed
gar Lawry, supt.
Morning Worship, 1l:00 a. m.
B. Y. F., 7 p. m.
Evening Worship, 8 p. m.
Next Sunday is Women's Sun
day. Let us have a good attend
ance to support the program they
have prepared.
Prayer Meeting and Bible
Study, Wednesday, 8 p. m.
The Young Adult Glass will
have a weiner roast next Friday
evening Sept. rs at the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Pearl Taylor.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
First English Lutheran

George w. Dittmar, pastor
Sunday School, 1000. Promo
tion Day. Walter Otte, supt.
Harvest Home Service, 11:00
Installation of officers and teach
ers of the S. S.
Wednesday, 8 p. M, Church
Council meeting at the church.
Thursday, 2 p. m. Dana H
Johnson Missionary Society al
the home of Mrs. M. J. Gunder-
man, 613 N. Main st.
Saturday, lis p. M, Catecheti-
cal Glass at the church.
Oct. 5th, Communion.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Allen Center Baptist

Mrs. Thomas Lasley, pastor
Sunday School, 1000 a. m.
Preaching service, 800 p. m.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
DELL II. GREEN

Dell H. Green, aged n, of New
California, died at the Union Co.
home at p. m. Wednesday. The
death was caused by a cerebral
hemorrhage.
He yas born in 1870 and was
preceded in death by his wife.
The following survive: one
daughter, Mrs. Mary Louise Cope
land, of Philadelphia; two step
daughters, Mrs. Lucille Warden,
of Columbus, and Mrs. Alice
Lombard, of Plain City, and a
sister, Mrs. Agnes Dodge, of Ma
rysville.
Funeral services will be held at
3 p. m. Friday in the Ferguson
funeral home with Rev. J. c.
Vance in charge. Burial will be
made in Oakdale cemetery in
charge of Jay Ferguson, funeral
director of Plain City.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Add Vitaniin ID

Vitamin D is added to milk by
one Of three methods: exposing
milk to ultraviolet light, adding a
vitamin d concentrate, or by feed
ing cows irradiated yeast.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
MRS. IDA E. FERGUSON

Funeral services will be held
at 2 p. m. Saturday, for Mrs. Ida
E. Ferguson, aged 48, who died al
9 p. m, Wednesday, at her home
in Unionville Center. She was
born. Nov. 8, 1898, in Union
county, the daughter of Charles
and Daisy (Winegardner) Ora
hood
Surviving, are the following
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
First Presbyterian Church

R. B. Sillars, pastor
$50 a. m.-Men's Forum and
Church School. Rally Day will be
observed and promotion of class
es will take place. Mr.. Robert
MacIvor, Superintendent.
1890 a. m.-Morning Worship.
The Sacrament of Infant Baptism
at the close of the morning SER
vice.
6 p. m.-Junior High Westmin-
ster Fellowship at the Manse.
6 p. m.-Senior High Westmin-
ster Fellowship at the church.
7 p. m Observation-Disclosures
meeting of the Board of Trustees.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Deaths in the County

persons, her husband, Ralph Fer
guson; a brother, Mack Orahood,
of Columbus and sister, Mrs.
Dorothy Heyder, also of Colum-
bus.
Funeral services will be held
in the Unionville Methodist
Church, in charge of the Rev.
Mr.. Gamble. Burial will be in
the Foster Chapel cemetery in
charge of Jay Ferguson.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Peoria Friends Church

Guy and Miriam Jeffers, pastors
Sunday School, $50 a. m,
George Hamilton, supt.
Evening Service, 1880 a. m.
Monday-Sunday School Board
meeting at the parsonage, 7:30
p. m.
Wednesday - Prayer Meeting,
7:30 p. m. ~
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Darby United Bretheren

Sunday School, 1000 a.
David Richards, supt.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
At Our Churches
ST. Paul's Lutheran Church

Chuckery, Junction Rts. 38 & 16l
Carl E. Zehner, pastor
$3.50 a. m-German Service.
$50 a. m.-Sunday School and
Bible Class.
10 a. m.-English Service.
8p. m.-Sacred Concert by the
Choir.
8 p. m. Monday-Junior and
Senior Walther Leagues.
8p. m. Tuesday-Sunday school
Teachers meeting.
2 p. m. Thursday-Ladies Aid
meeting.
8 p. m. Thursday-Men's club
will meet. Mr.. Walter Mees OF
GAINESVILLE will serve as speaker
at this meeting.
8p. m. Friday-Choir rehearsal
Summersville Friends Church
Guy and Miriam Jeffers, Pastors
Sunday School, 1000 a. m, Mrs.
VIM. Ruhl, supt.
Preaching Service, 11:00 am.
Extending Our Bor-
ders".
Monday-Sunday School Board
meeting at the parsonage, 1880 p.
m.
Tuesday - Missionary meeting,
800 pm. Home of Ralph Nc
Mahan.
Wednesday - Ladies Aide at
Mrs. Hull's 2 p. m. Speaker from
the Friends Rescue Home of
Columbus.
Thursday Prayer Meeting,
7:30 p. m.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Methodist York Charge

Chas. E. Cramer
McKendree-
Sunday School, 10 a. m.
Preaching, IL a. m.
BYhalia-
Sunday School and Class meet
ing.
; Fellowship meeting 8 p. m.
Bible Study, Thursday evening
p. m.
Bethel
Sunday School and Glass meet
ing.
Youth Fellowship 1880.
Prayer meeting, Wednesday at
8 p. m.
Magnetic Springs -Pharisburg
Methodist Churches
Magnetic Springs
Morning Worship, 1000
Church School, 11:00, Donald
Parrott, sup't.
Pharisburq-
Morning Worship, ll:00.
Youth Fellowship, 7:30, Donald
Robinson, pres.
Sermon Topic ''The Art of
Silent Communion"
! st. Johns Lutheran
missouri Synod
Henry A. Allwardt, pastor
$50 a. m.-German Services.
1920 a. m.-English Services.
Monday evening-Walther
League Or and SRI.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-25
Trinity Lutheran
E. j. Goedeking, Pastor
-,,ndoxy Ccbool o.on q n, Pol

Z. j." Goedeking, Pastor
Sunday School, $50 a. m. Rally
Day with a program entitled
with All Your Worship,
Wor kand VIM.
Morning Worship, 1890 a. m.
Harvest Festival Service.
The campaign for the I'M
provement Fund will be con-
Quoted Sunday afternoon.
Sunday School Teachers meet
ing, Monday evening at 7:45 O.
clock in the Parish School
Choir rehearsals ednesday eve
mig at the usual time.
Women's Missionary Service
meeting Thursday afternoon, be-
ginning at 1:30 30>o'clock. There will
be study period followed by a
social hour and the serving of
refrehments. All the women are
urged to attend.
The Church Council meets
Thursday evening at 7:30 o'clock
in the Parish House. Important
matters are to be considered,
which demand the attendance of
al members of the council.
The Junior Mission Band meets
Friday evening at 1880 o'clock in
the Parish School. This will be
the first meeting of the fall
season and parents are urged to
send their children. Plans will be
made for the Mission Band Rally
to be held in Trinity Church Sun
day afternoon, October IL.
Catechetical Instruction Satur-
day afternoon. Juniors at 1:30;
Seniors at 2:30 o'clock.
MarYsville Friends Church
Guy and Miriam Jeffers, pastors
Sunday School, $50 a. m. Mrs.
Eva Spain, supt.
Morning Service, 1870 a. m.
Evening Service, 7;30 p. m.
Monday-Sunday School Board
meeting at the parsonage, 7:30
pm.
Wednesday Prayer and
monthly meeting, 800 p. m.
Friday = Missionary meeting,
800 %. m.