davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-12-20

German economic and political
unity?
The United States delegation con-
sidered that there were certain
fundamental decisions which the
four occupying powers should take
If German unity was to be achieved.
These were:
l. The elimination of the artificial
zonal barriers to permit free move
ment of persons, ideas and goods
throughout the whole territory OF
Germany.
2. The REIMBURSEMENT by the oc-
cupying powers Of ownership Of
properties in Germany seized under
the guise Of reparations without
four-power agreement.
3. A currency reform involving the
introduction of new and sound cur
rency for all Germany.
4. A definite determination of the
economic burdens which Germany
would be called upon to bear in the
future, that is the costs of occupa-
tion, repayment of sums advanced
by the occupying powers and
reparationS.
S. An overall export-import plan
for all of Germany.
When these basic measures had
Evening star., 1947-12-20
Text of Secretary Morsho|rs Talk on Conference

been. put into effect by the occupy
ing powers, then the establishment
under proper safeguards of pro-
visional government for all Ger
many should be undertaken.
Reparations Key Issue.
Reparations soon emerged as a
key issue. For the benefit of those
not fully familiar with past negotia-
tions on this subject I wish to ex-
plain that definite agreement had
been concluded two years ago at
PotSdam that reparation payments
would be made by the transfer of
surplus capital assets, that is, fac
tories, machinery, and assets abroad.
and not by payments from time to
time out of the daily output OF Ger
man production.
One reason for this decision was
to avoid an issue that would con-
tinue through the years between
Germany and the Allies and be-
tween the Allies themselves con-
cerning her ability to pay and the
actual value of payments which had
been made in goods. Also, it was
clearly evident that for many years
Germany would be involved in a
desperate struggle to build up suf-
ficient foreign trade to pay for the
food and other items on which she
will be dependent from outside
sources.
The best example of this phase
of the situation that I can give Is
the present necessity for Great
Britain and the United States to
pay out some TOO millions a year to
provide the food and other items
to prevent starvation and rather
complete disintegration of that por-
tion of Germany occupied by our
forces.
In other words reparations from
current production-that is, exports
of day to day German production
with no return-could be made only
if the countries at present supply
ing Germany-notably the United
States-foot the bill. We put in
and the Russians take out. This
economic truth: however, is only one
aspect of Soviet reparation claims.
In the Eastern Zone of Germany
the Soviet Union has been taking
reparations from current produc-
tion and has also, under the guise
of reparation, seized vast holdings
and formed them into a gigantic
trust embracing a substantial part
of the industry of that zone This
has resulted in a type of monopo-
listic strangle hold over the eco
nomic and political life of Eastern
Germany which makes that region
little more than a dependent prov
ince of the Soviet Union.
A very strong reason, in my opin-
ion, for our failure to agree at Lon
don, was the Soviet determination
not to relax in any way its hold on
Eastern Germany. Acceptance Of
their claims for reparations from
current production from the West
Evening star., 1947-12-20
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, D. c. As
SATURDAY,

ated and until this vacuum has
been filled by the restoration of a
healthy European community, 1t
does not appear possible that paper
agreements can assure a lasting
peace. Agreements between SOW
ereign states are generally the re-
Election and not the cause of genu-
inc settlements.
It is for this very reason, think
that we encountered such complete
opposition to almost every proposal
the Western powers agreed upon
The Soviet Union has recognized the
situation in its frank declaration OF
hostility and opposition to the Eu-
ropean recovery program. The sue
cess of such a program would nee
essarily mean the establishment of
balance in which the is Western
nations, who have bound their
hopes and efforts together, would be
rehabilitated, strong in forms of
government which guarantee true
freedom, opportunity to the individ-
ual, and protection against the ter
ror of governmental tyranny.
The issue is really clear-cut and
fear there can be no settlement until
the coming months demonstrate
whether or not the civilization Of
Western Europe will prove vigorous
enough to rise above the destructive
effects of the war and restore a
healthy society. Officials of the
Soviet Union and leaders of the
Communist parties openly predict
that this restoration will not take
place. We, on the other hand, are
confident in the rehabilitation of
Western European civilization with
its freedoms.
Now, until the result of this strug-
gle becomes clearly apparent, there
will continue to be a very real diff
Guilty to resolve even on paper
agreed terms for a treaty of peace.
The situation must be stabilized.
Western nations at the very least
Evening star., 1947-12-20
ern Zones would extend that stran.
gle hold over the future economic
life Of all GERMANY.

ern Zones would extend that stran.
gle hold over the future economic
life OF all Germany.
Position Clearly Indicated.
The Soviet position was nowhere
more clearly indicated than bv Mr.
Molotov's categoric refusal to furnish
the Council of Foreign Minister.
with information concerning thf
reparations already taken from thu
Eastern Zone or indeed any informa.
tlon at all concerning the situation
there, until full agreements had
been reached. In effect we were
to tell them what has occurred in
the Western Zone, which we had
already done, and they tell us
nothing.
That refusal to provide informa-
ton absolutely essential for decisions
as to the organization of German
unity would by itself have made
any agreement impossible. A re-
markable Illustration of the Soviet
position in this matter was their
carping criticism of the economic
procedure in our zones which we
freely publish for the world to read
while virtually in the same breath
oiandly refusing to provide any
data at all concerning their zone,
It finally became clear that we
could make no progress at this time
that there was no apparent will
to reach a settlement but only an
interest in making more and more
speeches intended for another au-
dience. So I suggested that we ad-
journ. No real ground was lost or
gained at the meeting, except that
the outlines of the problems and
the obstacles are much clearer. We
cannot look forward to a unified
Germany at this time. We must
do the best we can in the area
where our influence can be felt.
All must recognize that the diff
ficulties to be overcome are i'm
mense. The problems concerned
with the treaty settlements for
Italy and the satellite countries
were simple by comparison since
none of those countries were divided
into zones of occupation and all
OF them had an existing form of
government. Germany by contrast
is subdivided into four pieces-four
zones. No trace Of national govern
ment remains.
Political Vacuum Created.
There is another and I think even
more fundamental reason for the
Illustration we have encountered in
our endeavor to reach a realistic
agreement for a peace settlement.
In the war struggle Europe was in
a large measure shattered. As a
result political vacuum was Gre
Evening star., 1947-12-20
Lack Of Permit Shuts Doors
OF Syrup and Extract Plant

The Health Department, acting
in conjunction with the License
Bureau, yesterday closed the Albers
Laboratories, manufacturers Of
syrups and extracts, at 1735 Four.
teenth street NV, because ths
owner, D. J. Handrick, was operat-
ing without license. I;
The Health Department also
called into consultation the Agri..
culture Department, since the Lab
oratories were shipping their prod-
uct in interstate commerce. >
Health Department inspectors
made an inspection of the plant
yesterday and reported many h,-
sanitary conditions. Edward e,
Bailey, jr., superintendent Of Ii
censes. says Mr.. Handrick Is liabls
to a fine of $500, a day If he at
tempts to reopen the establishment
without q license,
Evening star., 1947-12-20
Princess Sends Thanks
For NyIon Hose Gift

Mrs. Dolores Allen, "A, Of 301t
Massachusetts avenue Sc, who SEN
Princess Elizabeth two pairs of nylor
stockings on the occasion of thu
royal wedding, today treasures 8
thank-you note received from Buck.
ingham Palace.
The note, which arrived yesterday
was signed by q lady-in-waiting t.
the princess.
Mrs. Aliens husband, Thomas, 70
Is q student here.
Evening star., 1947-12-20

FOLLOWING is the tert of the dd-
dress by Secretary of State Mar
shall last night on the recent
London Conference:
Evening star., 1947-12-20
CrowIey Heads DC. Unit
OF Camping Association

S. John Crawley, secretary OF the
Summer Outings Committee, has
been elected interim president Of the
National Capital Section, American
Camping Association.
Mrs. REQ Purcell, director of Camp
Mawava Of the Potomac Area Camp
fire Girls was elected secretary, and
Miss Peggy Cragg, director Of Camp
kahlert of the Washington YWCA,
was named treasurer.
Evening star., 1947-12-20
reaty were discussed without agree

treaty were discussed without agree
ment.
1t was during this stage of the
debate that Mr.. Molotov insisted
that the four powers should agree
upon the immediate establishment
of a German central government
Although the United States had
been, believe, the first of the four
occupying countries to suggest at
Moscow the desirability for the
earliest possible establishment of a
German provisional central gov
ernment, it was obvious that until
the division of Germany had been
healed and conditions created for
German political and economic
unity, any central government
would be sham and not a reality.
This view was shared by the other
western delegations but to Mr.. Mol
otov was completely unacceptable.
This was the first clear evidence OF
his purpose to utilize the meeting
as an opportunity for propaganda
declarations which would be pleas
ant to German ears.
Issue on Austrian Treaty.
After several days of consideration
by the deputies the Austrian treaty
was again brought to the conference
table on December 4. The sole issue
discussed was the determination OF
what were the true German assets
in eastern Austria to which the So
Wet Union was fully entitled by the
Potsdam agreement. This had been
the stumbling block in reaching
final agreement on the treaty draft,
and it was an issue which would
determine whether or not Austria
would be under such complete eco
nomic domination by the Soviet
Union that 1t would be virtually a
vassal state.
The French had endeavored to
break the impasse by submitting a
compromise proposal, but this was
categorically refused by the Soviet
delegate. In the last hour of the
final session of the conference Mr..
Molotov indicated an apparent viii
lingness to accept a percentage re-
duction in the Soviet claims, with
out specifying the actual amount
involved in his proposal. The mat
ter was Immediately referred to the
deputies and I was informed just
prior to my departure from England
that the Soviet Government would
submit later a detailed proposition.
It was not until the 10th meeting
that the conference finally came to
the heart of the problem-to a con-
sideration of the harsh realities of
the existing situation in Germany.
Several more days were to elapse,
however, before the council really
came to grips with these realities.
Discussions of procedure-of what
document to discuss-again inter-
vened to delay our work. However,
on Monday. December 9th, the pro-
'cedural issues were resolved and the
council began the consideration of
the fundamental issues which even
tually led to the adjournment of the
session without agreement.
I shall endeavor to indicate briefly
what those issues were without re-
citing the involved and prolonged
discussions over individual items.
The general issue was simple. It
was whether or not Germany was
to continue divided or whether the
Allies could agree to recreate q
unified Germany. Unless this could
be achieved, all other questions re-
lating to Germany would remain
academic.
Particular Obstacles.
What, then, were the particular
obstacles to the achievement Of
Evening star., 1947-12-20
Rioting Flares Anew
In India; IS Killed in
Ajmer, J! in Delhi
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

NEW DELHI, Dec. 20.-New COM
munal rioting has broken out in
India with IS persons killed in the
city Of Ajmer and three killed and
more than IS injured in the old
city of Delhi, it was announced yes
terday.
The disorders shattered the rela-
tive peace that had prevailed in
India since the bloody riots of last
September were put down.
Ajmer, 220 miles southwest. of
New Delhi, is the site of a major
Moslem shrine Home Minister Sar-
dar v. Patel said Hindus and Mos
lens there fought each other for 10
days before authorities gained con-
troll Of the situation on December Is.
Three OF the dead were policemen.
Patel listed Al shops looted and
16 burned by mobs and declared
there had been severe losses OF
property"
Bomb Thrown Into Restaurant.
The disorders in Delhi were
touched of Thursday when bomb
was thrown into a Moslem restau-
rant slightly injuring four persons
Delhi had been tthe scene of bitter
communal fighting after the British
handed over authority to the new
Dominion of India August IS.
Meanwhile, an official military
spokesman Of the Dominion said the
Moslem tribesmen for Pakistan who
invaded the northern princely state
of Kashmir were paying a 20-to-1
price in casualties in bitter fight
ing" with Indian troops there.
A Defense Ministry communique
said SO raiders were killed and
wounded in recent clashes with In
dian patrols in the Uri and Poonch
areas of Kashmir.
The raiding force, originally COM
posed Of more than 10000 men, is
waging stubborn fight along the
snowy western boundary of the state,
the military spokesman said.
American Among Raiders.
Among the raiders, the spokesman
said, is an American who identifies
himself as Russell G. Haight of Den
yer. The former American soldier
the informant added, is participant
ing in the actual fighting and is
helping the invaders with propa-
ganda broadcasts.
In the southern Indian coastal
city of Madras steel helmeted police
used tear gas during the day to
break up a demonstration of strik-
ing government employees.
Throughout Madras Province TO-
900 government employees are on
strike demanding increased cost OF
living allowances.
A dozen Communists were taken
in custody for repeatedly trying to
persuade workers in several indus
trial plants to parade in sympathy
with the government employees.
Evening star., 1947-12-20

must be firmly established on .
basis Of government and freedoms
that will preserve all that has been
gained in the past centuries by
these nations and all that their Coz
operation promises for the future.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
The
Acklinite
By Martin Bachli

At the meeting last Saturday
it was decided unanimously to
adopt the contract as proposed
by the union and management
Highlighting the proposal was
the retroactive pay, the six paid
holidays and the vacation as pro.
posed for next year.
Credit must be given to the
local and international officers
who sat in with the committee
the past month and drew up
the contract for the coming year.
This meeting was one of the most
orderly ones which the unit ever
had. The committee thanks ev.
eryone who participated at this
meeting.
The committee also asks, as
proposed by one of the mem
bership present, Lets all work
together as a unit and, realizing
our responsibility, stop the snip
ing at one another" We all hope
that the maker of this proposal
lives up to it. ~
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
Unions Need
Coop Help

HAvERFORD, Pa, Aug. Is
(LPA)-The labor movement
needs to improve the purchas-
ing power of the 100000
union members and their fam
lilies; the consumer cooperative
movement has the know-how.
The two should work together,
labor and coop delegates to the
18th Annual Cooperative Insti-
tute sponsored by Eastern Co.
operatives Inc. last week decid-
ed.
A part Of each day at the
week-long conference, held at
Haverford College, was devoted
to discussion of working with
labor to build cooperatives.
Greatest hazard in setting up
union-sponsored, coop stores,
purchasing clubs, and other
ventures, has been the tendency
to limit membership to union
members, discussion leaders
brought out. On the basis of
experience, open membership is
essential if the store of other
coop is to be on a sound busi-
ness basis.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
No Labor chopIains
Allowed
Solution In Next Issue.

RICHMOND (LPA) - Meth.
odist Presiding Bishop G. Brom.
ley Osnam last week withdrew
his appointment of Rev. Charles
c. Weber as chaplain to or
ganized labor" Webber, who is
president of the Virginia Indus.
trial Union Council, and state
PAC director, said that the
Bishops ruling was based on
his conclusion that the existing
rules of the Church do not pro-
vide for such appointments.
Webber, now listed as a super
numerary' on the church's
roster of clergymen, retains all
his ministerial prerogatives.
Boyd E. Patton, Upper South Di-
rector for the Textile Workers
Union-CIO, has charged that the
move was "appeasement" of
"reactionary Methodists in the
south"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
Recommended

AS the first witness before
the. Senate committee which is
preparing to hold hearings on
soaring prices, we recommend
tn e Northwestern University
professor in Evanston, Ill. who,
after a careful computation,
found that initiation has oosted
the value of chemicals in the
human body from csc to $31.04.
The second witness, we think,
should be Baghat Cimy Bey,
member of the Higher Council
of Tourism of Egypt, who left
New York in a huff or Paris,
declaring that living costs in
thesU. S. were so high it took
SIS to $50 daily ito live here
aS a gentleman.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
Bosses Discover
TIL Law Bockfire

WASHINGTON, August %
(LPA) - Employers are already
finding that their Taft ft-Hartley
law has all kinds of back-fire
possibilities. The New York
Journal of Commerce, big busi-
ness daily, declared last week
that "the so-called anti-feather-
bedding provision of the new
labor law appears to leave un-
touched the common union prac-
tice of demanding reporting and
standby pay"
Verifying contentious Of la
Dor lawyers, the paper agreed
that "the section is vaguely
worded and subject to broad
Interpretation by the courts :"
Meanwhile a bill offered by
Senators Aiken (R., Vt.) and
Hatch Cd, NM to soften the
laws prohibition against politi-
cal expenditures was given lit
tie chance of passage this ses-
sion. Alarmed particularly at
the laws gag on the labor and
daily press, Hatch said he had
a grave doubt" that the ban is
''wise or fair or just"
The Hatch Aiken bill is given
little chance of enactment this
session, as is the measure pro-
posed by Is Senators to repeal
the Taft Hartley law outright.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
We're For
This Bill

WASHINGTON, August %
(LPA)-One piece of what's
good-for-the-goose =" legisla-
ton introduced in the dying
hours of Congress is certain to
get a distinctly cool reception
when the next session convenes
in January.
The cool reception will prob
ably come chiefly from those Re-
publicans that most approved of
the section of the Taft Hartley
law requiring unions to file reg
Istration statements detailing
their incomes and expenditures.
Representative Mike Mans
field ID, Mont.) introduced leg
islation which would require:
Every member to file a t'fuIl
and complete statement" each
year of his income during the
preceding year; 2-The clerk of
the House to publish the COM
plete voting records of each
member within three weeks
after the closing of each session.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
National
Supply Unit NeeVs

Much to the regret of all the
boys in the shop, "Droopy Pants"
Eyler is back from his vacation.
Watch your step, Bill, the plant
ran very well while you were off.
Since some of the foremen
have been denoted, we wonder
if Frank Jones could be training
himself for the Watchdog Dept.
We notice he has obtained a stop
watch.
It's been reported that the two
weeks that Cliff Robinson had
charge of Dept. 43, days, produc-
ton hit new low.
Lawrence doc" Balmer is al
ways Dragging about being quite
a navigator. He set out for the
boat races, and couldn't find his
way to Walbridge Park.
Rush Cannon returned from
his vacation with a cute little
We wonder if he could
have spilled the hair tonic on his
upper lip,
We would like to inform Har-
old McVicker that Shapiro is
giving a good price for junk
these days.
We will all be. glad when the
cool weather comes and some of
the boys will be covering up
their bay windows.
That scheduled foot race be-
tween Elmer Fellers and Delbert
Bordner, Sr., was called off be.
cause of hot weather.
Due to the fact that Glenn
Witherell dropped a hunk of iron
on his foot, he won't be able to
bite off his toe nails for a few
weeks.
The champion fisherman OF
Dept. 81 is Stanley Widjkis, who
caught AZ perch in two hours,
so he claims!
The boys in Dept. 81 are all
glad to see the Deacon back
again.
Whenever bunch of big shots
gather in Dept. 36, nights, Red
Short always crashes in on the
conversation.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
Out Goes De Caux
AS Swim Comes In

WASHINGTON, August %
! (LPA) - CIO President Philip
Murray announced the appoint
ment of Allen l.. pete"
Swim of Memphis, Tenn. as CIO
publicity director and editor of
CIO News. He replaces Len De
Caux, whose resignation was ac-
cepted after a 12-year term in
the top CIO public relations job.
Swim, who from its start has
been director of public relations
for the CIO organizing drive
working out of Atlanta, Ga, has
been in newspaper work since
1928, when he began as a re-
porter in Stuttgart, Ark. where
he was raised.
From 1885 until 1946 the CIO
official was with the Scripps-
Howard newspaper chain, dur
ing which time he was an ac-
tive member of the American
Newspaper Guild, serving four
years as officer of the Mempsis
Guild, and three years as presi-
dent of the Memphis Industrial
Union Council. His writing as
signments including a series on
"hate" organizations such as the
Ku Klux Klan which was syn
dicated by the Scripps- Howard
chain after appearing in the
Memphis Press-Scimitar.
Swim is 36 years old, MARI
ried, and has one daughter.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
Helps For Vets

Q-How does veteran apply
for readjustment allowance?
"A veteran must present
his original service discharge
or separation paper, or if thai.
has been lost or destroyed.
certificate in lieu of or a p1
perly authenticated copy of sue
paper. He must file an applicA
ton on Veterans AdministraA
ton Form 4-1382. An initial
claim is usually filed at the
same time the application is
made. This claim indicates
whether the veteran is unem-
ployed, partially employed or
Self-employed.
Q-Does Veterans Admins.
tration help the disabled veteran
get a job after he finishes his
training.
A-Yes.
Q-What is the maximum
length of training a disabled
veteran can get under Public
Law Is?
A-The maximum is four
years; however, Veterans Ad-
ministration may extend the
time if factors in any case war;
rant an additional period for re-
habilitation.
Q-Must a disabled veteran
go to a vocational school or may
he go to a liberal arts college,
a high school, or similar insti-
tuition under the Vocational Re-
Mobilization Act?
Ale may enroll in any
VA.approved educational insti-
tuition or training establishment
offering the course of training
which VA has found he needs
to insure his proper rehabilita.
ton in line with his own desires.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-08-22
PAC Mee+inq

There will be a general
membership meeting of
PAC, Friday, August 20,
at 500 p. m. at AIS Win
thrOp ST., it was announced
today by Clayton Rusch,
chairman.