davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Uncontrolled Municipal Costs

Two proposals expected to receive atten-
ton by Congress in the coming session will
be retail sales tax for the District OF
Columbia and cost-of-living increase for
classified Government employees.
Both proposals will be followed with
extraordinary interest locally One affects
all local taxpayers and the other large
proportion of Washington wage earners.
From the national point of view, the two
are unrelated. From the local point OF
view, there is an inseparable relationship
not generally recognized.
AS for the sales tax, it may be taken for
granted that the Commissioners will rec
ommend it this year as a substitute for
the discriminatory local income tax and
as source OF necessary revenue. 1t is the
only remaining major source of untapped
local revenue; it is the only tax plan that
will distribute the local tax burden more
equitably in population unique for its
proportion of non-local taxpayers. The
need for more revenue is pressing and the
Districts location, adjacent to Maryland
which has the tax, and Virginia, whose
Governor has advocated it, makes its adop-
ton here more probable than in the past
The cost-of- living increase for classified
Government workers may depend on the
extent to which industrial wage increases
are granted generally to compensate for
price rises. But the idea is finding favor
with important sources in Congress, it is
being advocated in campaign year and
unless means are found of controlling the
continued rise in the cost of living, there
is a strong possibility that some blanket
increase may follow. Suggestions of $500
and 81 900 are under consideration.
The connection between the two pro-
posals locally is that the cost-of Living
increase, If granted to classified Federal
employees, will also apply to municipal en-
ployes There are about 5000 classified
employees on the Districts payroll and
another 5000 per diem employees, teachers,
firemen and police. A : cost-of-living in
crease for one set of employees is not likely
to be denied to another set. If it is justified
in one case, it is justified in the other. A
81, 1000 cost-of-living increase to all of them
would mean $17,O 900 payroll increase
for the District. That would exceed the
maximum estimates of what a 2 per cent
sales tax would produce. A wage increase
of half of that amount would consume, in
District salaries alone, most of the revenue
anticipated from the sales tax.
This local dilemma will have no in
huence on congressional policy on national
Government wage scales But it is one
that may hold serious consequences for
the District taxpayer, who lacks the means
of deciding what can be wisely spent on
the basis of his ability to pay That deci-
sion rests with Congress. But Congress
fixes taxes with one hand and makes
expenditures with the other. and each
functions without relationship to the
other That is one reason that the Dis
trict is facing deficit next year, in spite
of the heavy increases in taxation this
year.
Evening star., 1947-12-08
stors, Men and Atoms
Gulf Stream Study Finds
Biographies Are Wrong
Current But IS Miles Wide, Navy Says
After Charting Its Zig.Zag Course
By Thomas r. Henry


The Gulf Stream is an extremely tortuous
river of warm water about IS miles wide fow-
ing through the Atlantic at speed Of about
six miles per hour
This is radically different description from
that of all geography textbooks. Discovery of
the true nature of the stream which flows
from the Gulf of Mexico to the ice-free
harbor OF Murmansk on the northern coast
OF Russia, making habitable most Of north
western Europe, is considered one of the
greatest advances in oceanography Of all time.
This finding, just revealed by the Nays
Hydrographic Office, resulted largely from
explorations this year Of the exploring ship
Atlantis Of the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute. Hitherto the Gull Stream has been
pictured as an ocean river about. 100 miles
wide flowing northeastward in fairly straight
line at q speed Of about two miles an hour.
Early Observations Inadequate.
The old picture. Navy photographers say,
was due to inadequate observation. A ship
would take star sights morning and evening.
Through the day the course of the craft would
be determined by dead reckoning. The differ
eace between the calculated position at night
and the actual position was attributed to the
speed Of the Gulf Stream itself. The average
result was about two miles an hour. The
width OF the stream was determined by tenn
perature soundings.
The Atlantis started out with the intention
of following only the center of the river in
the ocean. Its position was fixed every two
hours by the newly developed "loran," with
a network of shore stations. The result was
the radically new picture. The main course
OF the Gulf Stream zig-zags every few miles.
Unlike land river, which 1t greatly resem-
bles, it has no fixed banks. But by following
1t closely it is possible to keep in six-knot
drift most of the way across the Atlantic.
The warm water fans out from this narrow
stream with fairly Sharp margin on the
North American side and a quite indefinite
sides are great eddies in which a drifting
ship may be carried around for days.
Course Varies Daily.
The course Of the zig-zagging Gulf Stream
varies from day to day. the Navy hydro
graphers point out SO that an adequate map
is impossible. For purposes of navigation it
still is necessary to assume an average f1ow
At present the Gulf Stream is considered
only one of five great ocean rivers fow-
ing away from the equator along continental
coasts. All profoundly affect the world
weather. There are the Japanese Current
flowing northeastward in the Pacific, the
Agulhas Current flowing southwestward around
Africa, the Australian Current and the Brazil
ian Current.
This is due to the prevailing winds caused
by the rotation of the earth and to local
conditions in the oceans themselves, accord
ing to complicated mathematical theory
just propounded by DR.. Henry stommel Of the
Woods Hole Institute.
Evening star., 1947-12-08
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

O. Is there a member Of the Supreme Court
of the United States who has not held office
with the Federal Government at some time
or other?-L. w. D.
A. All members of the Supreme Court have
at one time or another held prior Office with
the United States Government. Six OF the
justices came directly to the court from an
other Federal office: Reed, Murphy and Jackson
from the Department of Justice; Rutledge
from the United States Court of Appeals,
Douglas from the Securities and Exchange
Commission, Black from the Senate. Chief
Justice Vinson was appointed while Secretary
of the Treasury.
Q. Is tortoise shell obtained from the
tortoise?-L. L.
A. The tortoise shell of commerce is pro-
duced not by the tortoise, but by sea turtles,
usually the hawksbill turtles
@. Who was the first person to be executed
for treason in America?-B. NICK.
A. Jacob Leisler, who led an insurrection
against the Governor of New York for the
preservation of religious liberty and in behalf
of William and Mary, was convicted of treason
in what was said to be an unfair trial. He was
hanged on May 49, 1891, from scaffold in City
Hall Park, New York.
| @. How many families are living doubled
| up with other families?-J. c. L.
A. Population surveys made in April, 1947,
showed that 2,764,000 married couples, or 83
per cent of all married couples in private
households, were sharing the living accommo-
dations of other persons This was new high
and represented gain of 918, 900 couples living
doubled up" since April, 1910.
Q. What was the distance Of the original
Marathon?-J E.
A. Tradition says that Pheidippides ran %
miles only to fall exhausted and cry before he
died, Rejoice, we conquer!" He was carrying
the news Of Greek victory over the Persians
to Athens in 400 BIC. In the Olympic Games
the Marathon race is officially 26 miles, 385
yards-the distance from Marathon to Athens
O. Is helium available for commercial pur-
poses?-D. E. L.
A. Early this year it was reported that COM
mercal users were buying over 900 cubic
feet month. Thirty years ago the gas was
a laboratory curiosity, costing $25o0 cubic
foot. BY 1947 helium, extracted from natural
gas, was selling at ~ cents cubic foot.
@. When does town become city?-S. D.
A. There is no ironclad rule as to the use
OF the name city and practice varies through
the States. In some States a city Is larger
in population than a town or borough, in others
the term relates to form Of government and
not to the number of people. Often popuia-
ton Of 10000 is required before town can
become q city
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,oriter, although it is permissible for a
,oriter knoton to The Star to use a
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-12-08

changes have occurred in the average skill and
effort Of the work force since they do not
measure the specific contribution of labor"
So you see that which Mr.. Lawrence has
sought to prove is the very thing which can
not be proved by the BIS index.
A. B. HERRINGTON,
Public Relations Director, Communications
Workers of America
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Roman Boy or Balaam's Ass

To the EDITOR Of The Star:
Your picture on the Roman Boy" painting
with the artist" standing beside it was quite
amazing! The painter says: Because have
never been taught any art and I have never
learned any art, my work is infallible. It's
wonderful fun to know you are perfect" It is
quite evident the painter has never been taught
any art, and it is pleasing to know that he feels
his "art" is perfect.
have known many artists, but never yet
heard one speak Of his work as being perfect.
I think far better name for the mans
painting would be "Balaam's ASS" as 1t looks
more like that creature than Roman boy!
H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star., 1947-12-08

1t remains to be seen If the coming
United States political strife can be heard
above the din of world crisis Even the
whispering campaigns may have to be at
the top of the voice.
Evening star., 1947-12-08

The safecracker thought 1t was his day
OF rest until the wife asked him to open
a hubbard squash
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Building a Better World

To the Editor of The Star:
The report of the Presidents Committee on
Civil Rights is &, fine report which should be
studied by all Americans. We residents OF
Washington ought to feel ashamed that 1t was
necessary to devote portion of the report TO
improper discrimination and intolerance in the
District of Columbia.
Doesn't it seem ironic that dark-skinned
foreign visitors to this country are afforded
every courtesy we can possibly extend. while
our own dark-skinned American citizens are
Disseminated against? The newspaper account
of the Northern Negro who wrapped turban
around his head and was treated with respect
while visiting many Southern cities probably
doesn't prove anything except the stupidity OF
the entire practice of segregation.
If we would only stop to consider that much
of America is composed of small minority
groups none of whom would care to be dis
eliminated against in any manner. perhaps
the entire situation could be treated In a more
democratic and intelligent manner. How can
we expect to build q better world II we con-
tinue intolerance in our own country?
HARRIET M. HERR.
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Questions and Answers

A reader can get the answer to any question
Of fact by writing The Evening Star Information
Bureau. 316 street NE, washington 2. D. C.
Please inclose cents for return POSTAGE.
Evening star., 1947-12-08
Could We Vote independently?

To the Editor Of The Star:
I have noted with interest your continued
support Of the various plans offered for the
attainment of suffrage In the District of Co.
lumbia. 1t would appear however, that the
desires Of the people Of Washington as ex-
pressed in last years referendum, for example,
are either ignored or overlooked by the con-
gressional committee that might lend positive
assistance in implementing local decisions. In
fact, the District Committee of the House OF
Representatives appears to be, on the whole,
an uninterested group functioning spasmodi-
cally and without any apparent regard for the
welfare of Washington residents. There are
no votes to be obtained from these residents
now and if enfranchsed, they would still not
be constituents Of the representatives who
now conduct national legislative affairs. So
that, while there Is an unusually inaudible
minority In Congress which fosters support
for District suffrage, the vast majority In
volved see no personal profit in the effort
and act, or fail to act accordingly. Any
meeting Of the District Committee will illus
trate the apathy on Capitol Hill with regard
to this matter Attendance Is poor and interest
meager or non-existent.
It has been argued in Congress that resi-
dents of the District because Of their alleged
considerable reliance upon governmental
agencies, would be prone to vote with the party
in power, thereby creating an open field for
prejudiced politics In this regard it should
be noted that top Government ofdcials are IN
the majority of instances chosen on political
grounds, and that political afhiliation is not
considered in the case Of lower-level employees.
This situation has been the rule, and 1t cannot
be fairly stated that suffrage in washington
would create a situation that already exists
Whether or not the conjecture OF Congress as
to the evolution Of prejudiced politics is cor
rect remains to be proven, but 1t can certainly
be pointed out that in no State or municipal
election is there evidence of a lack OF some
form of political consideration on the part OF
the voters Our system Of Government implies
not only that the voter has freedom OF choice
in casting ballot, but also that the candidate
for office is free to campaign for such votes IN
any legal manner
It would hardly seem fair to relegate Wash
ingtonians to continued state OF political
inarticulation when the majority here may be
assumed to be as capable as any average cltl-
zen of reaching independent political de-
csions. F. BARILEII Ff'ioH'
Evening star., 1947-02-09

Turing the war shortage OF ciga-
- rettes.. that's when your"T T-Zone"
was really working overtime.
That's when your Taste said, ri like
this brand. or. ."That brand doesn't
suit me-" That's when your Throat
said, "This cigarette agrees with me"
...or.. ."That one DOESN'T
That's when millions ofpeople found
that their ''T-Zone" gave happy okay
Evening star., 1947-02-09
Advertisement

sDoctors too smoke for plea
sure. Their taste recognizes
and appreciates full, rich
favor and cool miIdness Just
as yours does. And when
three independent research
organizations asked 1882
doctors What cigarette do
you smoke, Doctor? - the
brand named most uas Camel!
Evening star., 1947-02-09
the Differences in Cigarette Quality
...and the demand for Can,els-
al'oays GREATS greater than erer in history.

to the rich, full flavor and the cool
mildness of Camel's superb blend of
choice tobaccos.
And today more people are asking
for Camels than ever before But, no
matter how great the demand:
We do not tamper ,cith Camel
quality. NE use on! choice tobac-
cos, properly aged, and blended
in the time honored, Camel ruay!
The Omaha guide., 1947-12-27
I|$39.95

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The Omaha guide., 1947-12-27

LYCAN & RANKIN guarantee all Of
their furnace repairs. Call Atlantic
502o.
The Omaha guide., 1947-12-27
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The Omaha guide., 1947-12-27
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MARY'S CHICKEN HUT, 2722 North
Both Street., JA 1916. Our Chicken
Dinners are something to crow
about. Robert Jones', prop.
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1947-10-21
Masaoka Urges
JAU Push
Ado Program

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, Oct. 20-Be-
cause Senator Alexander Wiley of
Wisconsin is the chairman of the
all-important S n a t Judiciary
Committee, Mike Masaoka, national
legislative director of the JACI
Anti Discrimination Committee
charged members of the Milwaukee
JACL chapter with the responsibility
OF convincing their senior senator
that the Ado legislative program
is worthy of his active support.
Speaking to members and friends
of the JACL at meeting Thursday
evening in the local YWCA, Masa-
Okla explained that three important
bills passed by the House of Repre-
sentatives in the last session are
now pending before Senator Wi
ley's Judiciary Committee. The
bills would extend naturalization
privileges to the parents, irrespect-
i've of race, of ali soldiers who were
killed or wounded In World War IL:
allow the Attorney General discre-
tionary powers to suspend the de-
portations of certain Japanese; and
authorize the Attorney General to
adjudicate evacuation claims.
Since all three bills passed the
House without single objection.
the ADO director declared that If
Senator Wiley would expedite con-
sideration of the measures in his
committee, they probably would be
approved by the Senate.
During his one-day stopoyer in
Milwaukee, Masaoka, accompanied
by Mas Satow, national JACI, Sc
cretary, conferred with national
JACL sponsor H. o. Stencil
He also addressed the Inter-Ra-
cial Club of Marquette University
before entraining for Chicago where
he will attend the Midwest District
Council Workshop.
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1947-10-21
JACL Chapters in So. California,
Arizona to Meet November IL

LOS ANGELES, Calf, Oct. 81
The first annual Pacific Southwest
District Council meeting to bt
held November / and Q will call to-
gether 10 chapters in Southern
California and Arizona, 1t was an.
nounced from the regional office
today.
The chapters to be represented al
the District Council meeting head
ed by their respective presidents are
as follows:
San Luis Obispo-Pat Nagano;
Santa Maria Valley-Harold Shimi-
zu; Santa Barbara-Ken Dyo; Ven.
tura County-Akira Kurihara; Los
Angeles - Frank Chuman; Long
Beach--Dr. Masao Takeshita; Gar
dena Valley-Paul Shinoda; Orange
County-Frank Mizusawa; San Diego
-Masami Honda; Venice-Jack Wa
kamatsu; San Fernando-Fred Mu-
to; Coachella Valley-Henry Saka-
mi; Arizona-Ken Yoshioka.
The agenda for the District
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1947-10-21

CHICAGO, H., Oct. 20-The IA
CT Midwest District Council lead
ership training workshop held in
Chicago last week proved to be n
highly successful experiment and
precedent in JACL district activi-
ties, according to the Midwest re-
gional office Under the planning
of a committee under Mari Sabu-
sawa, chairman of the MDC, a
varied program for two and a half
days provided discussions for almost
40 potential JACL leaders.
At the opening meeting of the
workshop, more than 100 persons
heard DR.. T. Yatabe, first national
president, Masao Satow, acting ma
tional secretary. Mas Horiuchi, ma
tional office secretary, Jack Naka-
gawa, president of the Chicago
chapter, and Tsutomu Ochi of the
Intermountain District Council
This was followed by a two-hour
period of folk dances, singing and
ballroom dancing, led by Mary Su-
zuki of the Chicago chapter, who
explained the many techniques
which can be employed In making
social program a success.
-Four sessions in the YMCA Ho-
tel included discussions on member
ship planning with Tom Masuda as
moderator and Sidney Williams, ex-
ecutive director of the Chicago
Urban League, and Masao Satow
as resource leader; fund raising
with Sam Ishikawa. Eastern Re-
gional Representative, as modera-
tor, and Robert Krit, with the Uni
versity of Chicago Cancer Re-
search Foundation, and Howard
Bennett as resource leaders; plan
ming the local program, moderated
by Henry TAM, president of the
st. Louis chapter, with resource
leaders including Mrs. Benjamin
Getzoff, program director for the
National Conference of the Christ
ians and Jews, Rev. George Nishi-
moto of the Greater Chicago
Church Federation, Abe Hagiwara
former president of the Cleveland
JACL and now recreational dir
ector of the Chicago Resettlers
Committee, Mas Satow and Mari
Sabusawa; community action, with
A. A. Liveright, consultant for the
Industrial Relations Center at the
University of Chicago and former
director of the American Council
on Race Relations, acting as both
moderator and resource leader
other resource persons being Will
lam Y. Bell of the American Coun-
Gil on Race Relations and Corky
The Northwest times. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1947-1955, 1947-10-21
Japanese Bring Baseball Tinged
With Culture into Brazil

$40 PAULo, Brazil, Oct. 81 -
Baseball in this sportsminded city
has a strong flavor of the Japan
csc cherry blossom.
Brazil's large Japanese colony
brought the gam here from ia
pan several generations ago when
Japanese immigrated into this larg-
est South American country in
great numbers.
The sports department of Sac
Paulo has made baseball an Off
cial sport. and North Americans
living here as well as Brazilians
have been invited to participate.
"A prominent newspaper, A Ga
zeta, has joined the campaign and
is trying to wedge baseball into
the Brazilian sports scene where
soccer football is predominant.
Two leagues have been organiz-
ed. They include II Japanese, two
American and h re e Brazilian
teams. The Japanese players vel
coined the newcomers by trounc-
ing them by top-hcavy scores.
The Japanese play seriously, but
they play fast and they play to win
Before the game, Japanese play
ers march around the bases follow
ing the umpires. If both teams are
Japanese, they meet at home plate
doff their caps and bow.
When the first player comes TO
bat, he doffs his cap once over
home plate as his teammates give
a yell, from huddle on the side
lines. Then the umpire shouts
PLAY ball"-and the game Is on.
The Japanese never argue with
the umpire. Neither the players
nor the spectators make audible
comment on the iInp,s decision
The spectators, mostly intent ia
panese, occasionally applaud a
spectacular play but rarely burst
into cheering.
League games are played on Sun
day and drew sizeable crowds. The
local soft drink concession has gone
to an elderly and toothless Japan
csc who sells tangerines from an
oxcart.