davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Addino to the Moral Pressure

1lle overwhelming IIldJOIlty VI tIlc ooA-
eral Assembly's Political and Security Com
mittee has now voted to establish the So
called Little Assembly" on an interim
basis AS usual, the sole dissenters are
Russia and its satellites. AS in the case
of the Balkan watchdog" commission and
the projected commission on Korea, they
are so bitterly opposed to 1t that they in
tend to boycott it. Why?
AS far as can be made out from the in
volved arguments of Andrei Vishinsky, the
Soviet Union is opposed because 1t be-
lieves, ostensibly, that the new agency
on which every member of the United
Nations is supposed to be represented-is
designed to subvert the unique powers OF
the Security Council. On the Council the
Russians have the right-which they have
exercised with paralyzing frequency - to
veto any major decision. In the Little
Assembly" they would have no such right.
They could not block measures approved
by two-thirds vote, and they therefore
hold that the project is violation of the
U. N. Charters Big Five unanimity rule.
But this is highly specious argument.
To begin with, under Articles II, 13, IA,
% and 35 of the Charter, there is clear
legal justification for the Little Assembly"
so much so that Mr.. Vishinsky has de-
clined q challenge to submit the question
to the World Court. Further than that,
the resolution to create the new agency
specifically limits the agency's powers. 1t
is an interim body; the decision to make
it permanent is to be deferred until the
next regular meeting of the General As
sembly. All it can do meanwhile is to
conduct carefully circumscribed investiga-
tions, appoint subcommissions, discuss
issues and draft recommendations. In
short, it can take no action in a positive
sense; it can do little more than study,
talk and draw up reports.
These facts make clear that the Little
Assembly cannot encroach upon the
Security Councils prerogatives; 1t cannot
even make recommendations on questions
activity before the Council unless the
Council itself so requests. In the circum-
stances, the legal objections raised by Mr..
Vishinsky fall apart, and 1t seems fair to
conclude that the real reason behind Soviet
opposition is that the Kremlin does not
want the General Assembly-which meets
only twice a year for relatively short reg
ular sessions have subsidiary organ
to act as its eyes, ears and voice on a
continuous, year-round basis. Such an
organ would be kind of moral make
weight to the Security Council It could
take no positive action, but it could make
the Assembly more effective and influential
as forum for world opinion, and in that
way 1t might serve to discourage Russian
abuse OF the Council veto.
F,The assumption seems reasonable there
Evening star., 1947-11-09
A Common-Sense Decision

Simple common sense has dictated the
decision to suspend" poultryless Thursday
as part of the Nations voluntary grain
saving program. In the beginning Chair
man Luckman's Citizens Food Committee
put it into force because it seemed to
promise good results. But soon doubts
were raised With cold storage chickens
reaching an all-time seasonal high, the
public at large began to go along with
those dissenting experts who kept on in
sisting that this particular phase of the
conservation drive could accomplish little
or nothing.
One of the basic points made by the
dissenters was simply this: That slaugh
tered chickens could not eat feed and that
abstinence from them would therefore do
no good in terms of saving wheat des-
perately needed in Europe. Further, as an
extension of this point, 1t was argued that
the more poultry the American people con-
sumed, the greater would be the slaughter
and the less the consumption of grain on
the farms. OF course, there were per-
suaSive arguments on the other side as WELL
but Mr. Luckman and his committee wisely
maintained an open mind. They were will
ing to be convinced and to follow another
line If they could be shown a more
effective means of conservation. A better
approach now appears to have been
pointed out; hence the suspension" of
poultryless Thursday.
The new plan-drawn up by the poultry
raisers themselves-promises saving of
56,000000 bushels of grain, or more than
half the total conservation goal set to meet
Europe's immediate needs. Under it,
broiler chicks, baby chicks, turkey poults
and ducks will be sharply reduced in num-
ber by the producers. In addition-and
this is the most important single step in
the program-there is to be careful Gull
ing of f1ocks to cut the country's poultry
population by 13e,0OO,ooo chickens during
the remainder of the year. Meanwhile,
though no longer poultryless, Thursday will
continue to be an eggless day.
Although he has intimated that the
poultryless feature will be restored unless
the new plan proves itself in practice, Mr.
Luckman apparently Is confident that the
change will work out well. Certainly, If 1t
saves as much as its drafters estimate, 1t
will accomplish far more-and faster
than the one-day abstinence from chicken.
Given faithful adherence to it by the pro-
ducers, and given continued public OBJ
servance of the egg abstinence, it will be
by far the most effective part of the over
all conservation effort to cope with the
European grain emergency. More than
that, as Mr.. Luckman says, it will have a
highly important bearing on the continuing
long-range food problem.
The poultry raisers and the Citizens
Food Committee merit commentator for
having thought up and adopted this
promising step. Anything that will in
crease the effectiveness Of the grain
saving program deserves the fullest CO.
operation For their own self-interest, as
well as for humanitarian reasons, the
American people must keep working to-
gether to make the battle against hunger
abroad as successful as possible.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Chinese Secret Societies

Perhaps the most interesting bit OF
news to come out of China in some time Is
the announcement that superorganiza-
tion has been formed to coordinate the
activities of China's secret societies in a
common policy against the spread of COM
munism. If genuine, this would represent
highly significant development, because
1t is an eminently Chinese way Of han
ding pressing problem.
China's secret societies are as ancient as
they are numerous, some of them going
back many centuries. Most of them are
local, but few are countrywide with
branches in the Chinese settlements
abroad The secret, oath-bound associa-
ton, with elaborate ritual, strict discipline,
and drastic penalties for renegades, was a
natural development among people with
strong group-loyalties in a country which,
like Old China had loose e-jointed, in
efficient government to which the indi-
vidual, as such, could look for scant aid or
protection. In ordinary times the secret
society aimed at little more than promot-
ing the interests of its members In business,
trade or jobs. But some of them had q
distinctly political tinge. The secret So
cieties of Southern China, especially, plot
ted for generations against the Manchu
dynasty and were instrumental in foment-
ing the revolution of 1911 which overthrew
the empire in favor of the republic. An
other outstanding example is that of the
Boxers, secret society representing the
wave of antiforeignism at the close of the
last century.
Although stunning publicity and seldom
mentioned in news dispatches, the secret
societies have continued to flourish in the
troubled decades since the revolution.
Their protective activities usually include
the maintenance of gunner to retaliate
against oppression or injustice toward their
members, while some have been little more
than rackets. However, they tend to op-
pose the Communist program of land
confscation and the socialization of eco
nomic life. They thus uphold the Chinese
tradition Of group-initiative-th celestial
version of our rugged individualism."
If now, their combined influence can be
coordinated against communism it should
be formidable factor in the situation, for
their memberships are supposed to total
some 20,000000. Their nomenclature is
certainly picturesque, with such we'll
known names as the Green. Red and Nine
Dragons, the Five Saints and the Muddy
Water-Cloak Brotherhood. The title of
the co-ordinating organization is the
China New-Social- Enterprises Reconstruc-
ton Association.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

1t because 1t was the request of the recent
Paris Conference Of the 16 nations.
Yet, the council says, "even at the highest
assumed levels of further aid, the total export
surplus will at no time be as high as the total
export surplus recently attained" Or 1t can
be stated this way-that even with an 8-billion-
dollar aid program next year the export surplus
will at no time equal, and for most OF the
time will be substantially less than levels which
have been reached during the current year. ("
Even the huge s-billion dollar program does
not call for "as large proportion Of products
to be diverted from domestic use as in the Sec
ond quarter Of 1947." The reason: Our nro-
duction keeps going up.
Indeed the council points out, further re-
duction in this proportion may be expected as
the program progresses because of the de-
clining level of aid as time goes on and because
of an expansion in our total production"
Even If the United States votes a Marshall
plan aid program of substantial proportions, q
reduction in our export surplus would take place
gradually over number OF years, the council
forecasts. But ut would have to be telescoped
into very short period in the absence of new
aid program"
Yet even such decline could be accom-
pished without destroying our domestic econ
omy-we do not have to have an aid program
to keep up our exports and support our economy.
"The more rapid adjustment would be rag
ged," the council thinks, "and would probably
require special Government programs, but it
could be accomplished" In TACT, the council
adds, 1T might be easier" to make such an ad-
justment when domestic demand is very high,
as at the present time, than more gradual
adjustment over later period when the process
of satisfying accumulated wartime demands had
been virtually completed.
The argument for foreign aid program,
then, should not be the selfish one of assuring
our current domestic prosperity 1t is far
broader and concerns nothing less than our own
national safety and hope for stable world in
which all nations and their peoples may live
without the hunger Of the moment and the
fear of the future.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Cities and the Atom

In It's comprehensive report on the
growth of our metropolitan districts, the
Census Bureau has made a point of re-
minding the American people that they are
highly vulnerable in the atomic age. The
vulnerability is inherent in the fact that
20 per cent of our population lives in and
around cities of 100000 and upward With
a few possible exceptions, any one Of these
cities could be wiped out overnight by
single A-bomb AS for the exceptions, their
annihilation might require a bit more
than single A-bomb-but not much more.
This is no longer news, of course. 1t Is
reality, nevertheless, that needs to be re-
called periodically to everybody's attention
What 1t adds up to is a security problem
unique In our history-a problem dwarf
ing anything of its kind in the past. Short
of lasting peace, moreover, it is prob
lem that defies solution in truly salts
factory sense. We cannot 60 completely
underground. We cannot break up all our
great cities into a vast scattering of vii
lagos We cannot do these things for the
simple reason that they would be socially
and financially impossible in our democ-
racy. We cannot do them and still enjoy
our heritage as free Nation.
Yet there remains the grim fact of our
vulnerability. AS the Manhattan Engineer
District and the Strategic Bombing Survey
made clear last year in their studies Of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, '"The overwhelm-
ing bulk of the buildings in American cities
could not stand up against an atomic
bomb bursting mile or mile and half
from them" Indeed. since our urban
population Is denser than that of most
countries and since there is good reason
to assume progressive increase IN the
deadliness of A-weapons, a future war
with such weapons could unleash death
and devastation in our midst unimaginably
more terrible than Hiroshimas and Naga-
sakis.
To be sure, In keeping with the recon-
mendations of the Strategic Bombing Sur
vey we can and must take certain pro-
tective measures. Given the world as it is,
the chief Of these must be military pre-
paredness of sort that will impress any
potential enemy with our constant readi-
ness to strike back blow for blow-a readi-
ness calculated to stay the hand of aggres-
sion. In addition, there is work to be done
to effect a partial dispersal of our key
facilities wherever feasible, to decrease
the interior combustibility Of our strong
buildings, to undertake long-range dis
aster-relief planning, and to construct or
blueprint Nationwide system of shelters.
But such safeguards, though essential In
the absence of international collective
security, can at best have only mitigating
value. In the words of the Bombing Sur
vey, they would be such Intellectual pallia-
tiyes" against total atomic attacks that ITO
avoid destruction the surest way Is to
avoid war"
In varying degrees, every country in the
world faces the problem we face. All are
vulnerable; none can be safe without
asfectiye universal control of the atom and
q peace system capable Of preventing
major wars forever. Without common
action for common survival, in short, man
Evening star., 1947-11-09
We're Still Warm ongers

MOSCOW.-There is no sign that the Soviet
press will let up on its criticism Of United
States foreign policy because the U. N. Po-
litical Committee voted to encourage peace
propaganda.
The Russian position apparently is that these
criticisms come under the head Of exposing
warmongers and warmongering."
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Anlines off Target?

WASHINGTON.-A Commerce Department
survey Of how much American travellers spend
abroad indicates that overseas airlines are
shooting over the heads of their real market
in their advertising efforts.
The airlines have been appealing principally
to the people who ordinarily travel first class
on ships
But-while it's still too early for definite con-
clusions-the study shows that air travellers
spend just a little more on the average than
do people who travel third class on ships.
And less than half as much as people who
travel first class.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

fore, that the Russians are against the
Little Assembly" because moral pressure
from outside the Council makes them un-
comfortable and they do not want it in
creased in any way. There could hardly
be better argument for the new agency.
Even If the Kremlin and its satellites live
up to their threat to boycott it, it still will
be able to play highly useful role.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

with new secret cities springing up so fast
that names haven't been found for all Of
them yet.
These experts say Russia is certainly making
industrial progress but that it is slow and
painful because of limited resources. Many
new Cities" they say, are merely areas or
suburbs of old ones or old ones renamed.
In general they add, because of scarcity Of
transportation remote locations are avoided.
The United States analysts say another rea-
son for exaggerated reports of new industrial
cities Is the Soviet press habit of announcing
new" development several times
Evening star., 1947-11-09
II. ". and Spain

LAKE SUCCEsS.-Franco Spain Is due for
another broadside from the Soviet bloc and
some Latin American countries before the end
of the current U. N. Assembly.
Several countries are reliably reported to be
studying a plan to ask the Security Council
to take up the Spanish question again. This
was provided in resolution adopted last year
in case the withdrawal Of top diplomats from
Madrid failed to lead to the ousting of Franco.
ALI U. N. members except Argentina pulled
their envoys out.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Auto Workers BIo,U.Of

WASHINGTON-The whole labor movement
will be watching Atlantic City this week. The
CIO United Auto Workers Convention will
fight out the issue Of who's going to control
the union.
For the past year and half Walter Reu-
ther has been president, but the other three
top officers have been members Of the anti
Reuther faction.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Mailmen Wa,,f Raise

WAsHINGTON.-The mailman, who has to
do his collective bargaining with Congress and
can't strike for higher pay, is getting set to
ask the boss for raise.
william c. Doherty, head Of the AFL Ma
tional Association of Letter Carriers, in the
latest issue of his union publication says that
salaries, now ranging from s2,100 to $500,
were raised s40O year in January. 1s4s. This
was the first Redistribution In 20 years.
A big union policy meeting has been called
here for January IL.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

kind will share in common the peril of
all-inclusive extinction. This is not news,
either, but some nations-particularl
Russia-keep on acting as If they had
never heard Of it,
Evening star., 1947-11-09

Those neglecting to put aside something
for taxes next year are warned that 1948
calendars are now in production. There
will be next yeaf.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

Cooler. heads among the commentators
agree that Soviet Russia is not in the mood
to declare war at this time. It hasn't even
stated it's terms of peace.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

A statistic has it that something like a
quarter of billion year is blown in in
the country's beauty parlors Love probably
is blind, but girl has to be sure.
Evening star., 1947-11-09

Politics is an inexact science, says a
cosmic sage. And therein lies its wayward
charm-the impromptu facts: The statis-
tics made up as the party chairman goes
along.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
YuqoSlav Justice

BELGRADE.-A new basic penal law, spon-
sored by the head Of the secret police, will be
presented to the forthcoming National Assem-
bly, Under it person could be held for in
vestigation only "a hours.
Evening star., 1947-11-09
Those Scorer Cities

wAsHINGToN.-C Commerce Department *
perts on Russia heavily discount reports abou
mushrooming Soviet Industrial developEHeu
Evening star., 1947-11-09

Employees resisting this exaction were told
that they would not only be expelled from the
union, but fred from their Jobs But although
the new law allowed employers TO conform to
existing closed-shop contracts until the end
Of their term, it put an immediate stop to the
abuse Of such agreements. On August "a it
became an unfair labor practice for unions to
attempt to cause an employe TO be discharged
for any reason other than failure to pay the
periodic dues and initiation fees. Some d1ssi-
dent employees were courageous enough to ME
charges with the NLRB.
Not confining It's efforts to It's employed
members, the union also applied the squeeze
to unemployed members receiving relief pay
n4nts It finally had the effrontery to ask the
city welfare department to provide the amounts
to keep these unfortunates "in good standing"
While the welfare commissioner has denied the
direct disbursement Of any public money to
the local, the record Of payments to the indi-
vidual recipients Is still shrouded in eoacia
obscurtty.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-07-17

n
D. N. Claudon, so, father of Mrs
Clarence Diller OF South Jackson
street died at his home in Valpa.
raiso, Ind, from severe burns caused
by scalding water which he mad
yertently turned on while taking a
bath.
The accident occurred May %
while Mr.. and Mrs. Claudon were
visiting at the home al their daugh.
ter Mrs, Albert Morehead in Phila.
delphia.
Mr.. Claudon, alone Ill the bath.
room with the door le - overcome
BY shock Of the scaiding water anc
unable to extricate himself from the
bath tub was badly burned before
aid could reach him.
He was removed to his home in
Valparaiso where he died on Tues.
day of last week. Funeral services
were held at Valparaiso, Saturday
attended by Mr.. and Mrs. Diller and
family.
/ Surviving are his wife, five
daughters and two sons.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-07-17
STRANGE OBJECT
SEEN HERE LIKE
FLYING SAUCERS
Farmer Reports Seeing Lighted
Body at Night at Treetop
Height
No Trace Is Found i'm Search
Throughout Area on Fol-
lowing Morning

Bluffton made the grade in the f1y.
ing saucer parade last week wher
Henry G. Reichenbach, "a, farmer
saw strange illuminated object fly.
ing at tree top height over his farm
four miles northwest of Bluffton
about IL p. m.
Travelling at low altitude, the aer-
ial phenomenon had an appearance
something similar to meteor, Reich
enbach reported, and after passing
overhead it remained in sight until
1t went thru the top Of tall tree
Standing in his yard, Reichenbach
noticed a ball Of light travelling to-
ward him. At times, there appeared
to be two lights, and the Illuminated
object was visible until it reached the
tree.
Members of the family who search
ed the area near the tree the next
morning found no trace of the OBJ
ject, linked by many with the flying
saucers reported in widespread dis
triets thruout the country.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-07-17
implement Store Is
EnIarging Quarters

c. F. Niswander, Bluffton farm
implement dealer is enlarging his
South Main .treet establishment by
building an addition to the rear of
his present quarters.
The addition is one story struc-
ture of brick and concrete and will
consist of a farm machinery repair
shop 40 by so feet and a ware
house p by 80 feet. Francis Moser
has contract for the construction.
Part of the site for the new build
ing was previously occupied by a
smaller warehouse which has been
torn down to make room for the
larger structure. Additional ware
house facilities have been provided
by leasing the two story brick build
ing from DR.. Gordon Bixel at the
rear of the latter's optometrical
offices.
The new structure is expected to
be completed by September / after
which repair and warehouse depart
ments will be moved to the rear of
the establishment, leaving the front
for office quarters and display floor
for farm implements and household
appliances.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-07-17

Delvin Kirchhofer, Bluffton college
graduate and son of the late Mr.
and Mrs. Daniel Kirchhofer OF
Wayne county and Miss Helen Ruth
Moser, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs
Martin Moser of Orrville were mar
ried Saturday evening at the Kidron
Mennonite church near Dalton in
Wayne county.
Rev. I. w. Roger, of the Orrville
Mennonite church and pastor of the
bride officiated assisted by her
cousin, Rev. Allen Bixler of Kidron.
Miss Elma Bixler and Ivan
Badertscher, both of Orrville were
bridesmaid and best man respective
ly.
Following the ceremony a recep-
ton was held at the home of the
brides cousin, Monroe Lehman .of
Orrville after which the couple left
on a trip to Canada.
This fall they will reside in
Leitersburg, Maryland, where he
will be in charge of a new hospital
for mentally ill which is being open
ed by the Mennonite Central Com
mittee.
Both Mr.. and Mrs. Kirchhofer
were in relief work in the Near East
war area. He also taught in Ar
lington and Delphos high schools.
Mrs. Kirchhofer is a graduate of
Goshen college and LaJunta hospital
In Colorado. Her wedding gown
was white silk sari which she OBJ
tanned while in relief work in India.
Those from Bluffton attending the
wedding were Mr.. and Mrs. .. W.
Bixler, Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Bixel,
Misses Dora and Fern Bixel, Mr..
and Mrs. Millard Oberly, Kenneth
Hartman, Gordon Bixel, Jr.; Mrs.
Catherine Badertscher and Misses
Dora and Stella Kirchhofer.