davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-02-23

Estimates made recently showed
that agricultural research costs an
average of a little more than 30
cents for each person in the United
States. Consequently the question
might well be asked, What are the
values of these studied and who is
getting the benefits from them?"
One type OF benefit is to society
in general and another Is to the
farmer who makes specific use Of
the results. Let us look first at
the benefits to the farmers.
These contributions might be
divided into the fields of plant and
animal nutrition, plant and animal
breeding, new cultural practices
and control of insects and diseases.
One result of improvements in
these fields is that only Is per cent
of the United States population is
required to produce the Nations
food supply. as compared to the IS
per cent in 1910.
But food production in the coun-
try has actually increased. When
adjusted for changes in the whole
sale price of farm products the
increase in value has been from
$1,000, ,000, 900 in 1910 to about $13,-
500, 1000 900 in 1945. That Is an in
crease of Sc SOC, 900 900, based on 1910
to 1914 price levels.
A very considerable part Of the
Sc, 500, 100000 increase can be cred
tied to the results Of public agri-
cultural research. Annual costs for
such research amounts to less than
seven-tenths Of per cent Of this
increase.
Benefits to Society.
Society, as a whole. benefits in
several ways from the increased
agricultural production brought
about by research. First, the in
creased purchasing power Of farm
ers enables them to buy more of
the products of industry and COM
merce. A second benefit Is the. in
dustry built on the processing and
marketing of farm products. The
size of this business is demon
strated by the $4,000, ,000, 900 in
crease in the value Of food products
as they move from farm to con-
sumer, and this does not include
the raw goods which 60 into the
clothing industries.
Another important, although in
tangible result, is the increased va
riety, improved flavor, and higher
nutritional quality of the food prod
ucts which reach the consumer. A
great deal of the total research is
aimed at these improvements.
1t may surprise consumers to real
ize that 100 years ago a mechanic
had to work two and one-half days
to pay for a bushel of wheat. Today,
he could pay for that bushel of
wheat with about two and one-half
hours Of work. This lower percent
age of income spent for food allows
the consumer to buy more of the
products Of industry.
Three OF the corn pro-
duced In Maryland is now grown
from hybrid seed with resulting
increase in yield Of more than !, $780, :
Evening star., 1947-02-23
Maryland Tobacco
Growers Plan
Five Meetings

Tobacco production, marketing
problems and outlook will be dis
cussed at series of five meetings
to be held in Maryland's tobacco
producing counties during the frs
week in March.
w. B. Posey, tobacco specialist al
the University of Maryland, said the
meetings are to be sponsored Jointly
by the Southern Maryland Farm
Bureau and the State Extension
Service. They are to be part of the
current campaign promoting wider
use and greater production of South
ern Maryland tobacco.
The meetings scheduled are:
ST. Marys County, March 3; Anne
Arundel, March 4; Calvert, March S;
Charles, March 6, and Prince
Georges, March 7. Location of each
meeting will be announced later.
The program for the series calls
for a discussion by Mr.. Posey of a
requested 10 per cent increase in
Maryland tobacco production. G. B
Byers, farm management assistant
at the University of Kentucky, will
speak on labor-saving methods In
tobacco production and j. B. Nor
sell, farmer, tobacco grower and
county agent in Calvert County, will
present his views on better market
ing methods. Growers will have ar
opportunity for discussion after each
topic.
Crop reporting figures on tobacco
production show that the 1946 crop
was about the same in acreage and
total yield as the 1914 crop, which
sold at an average price Of SSH
Genes a pound while ceiling prices
were in effect. The 1945 crop was
considerably smaller because of a
plant shortage in the spring, and
consequently, sold at 81 cents
pound.
Crop Is High Quality.
Experts at the University of Mary.
land point out that the 1946 crop
which will be sold this summer, is Of
exceptionally high quality. They
estimate that IS per cent of it should
go as cigarette tobacco.
Mr.. Posey said there is not enough
Maryland tobacco to supply the de-
mand and urged 10 per cent in
crease in production in 1947. He
said that this could be achieved by
higher production per acre and by
increasing acreage.
Representative committees have
been appointed to consider securing
an increase in the per cent of Mary.
land tobacco used in the manufac.
ture of cigarettes. formation of CO.
operative advertising campaign ane
opposition to any further increases
in the State cigarette tax.
Included in the campaign will be
a series Of international service let.
ters prepared by the tobacco special.
ist and sent by county agents to all
farmers growing tobacco. These
are expected to deal with the eco
nomic situation as it affects Mary
land tobacco, blue mold disease ano
it's control, tobacco beds and theil
management, and with cultura
practices of tobacco production.
Evening star., 1947-02-23
Research Aids Entire Nation
Dollar Values Difficult to Determine,
But Farm Economy Is Strengthened
By Dr. WIIiom B. Kemp
By Dr.. WiIliom B. Kemp
Director Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station


900 bushels. At present prices, this
increase represents value Of ST.
600 900. Research work on new
hybrid varieties is continuing at the
University of Maryland and at other
experiment stations.
Practically all of Maryland's wheat
Is now produced from varieties de-
veloped at experiment stations. The
Leapland variety was developed at
the university. The increased yields
from the new wheat at present prices
amounts to little over 81 ,000, 900 a
year. Similar advances have been
made in barley production. Two va
rieties developed at experiment sta
tions are now grown almost exclu-
sively in Maryland and have in
creased the production an average
of seven and one-half bushels pei
acre.
Golden Sweets at Premium.
In 1880 the Maryland golden sweet
potato was released and since has
been selling at premium of rs
cents per bushel. About six thousand
acres of this variety are now grown
in Maryland, and most Of the acre
age in Delaware and on the Eastern
Shore of Virginia and part Of New
Jersey is planted to the new variety
1t is almost impossible to give
"dollar-and-cents" value to much OF
the research which is undertaken
For instance, strawberry varieties
developed comparatively by the
Maryland Agriculture Experiment
Station and the U. S. D. A. for re-
sistance to red stele have meant
the difference between success anc
total failure for strawberry grow
ers on certain types Of soil.
Evening star., 1947-02-23
How to Propagate by Grating
Timing, Matching Sap Ring, Keen Knife
Are Factors in Simple Procedure
BY Wilbur H. Younqmon

The art of grating trees, shrubs
and roses is looked upon by the un-
initiated as highly technical prac-
tice that the inexperienced should
nos attempt. Actually, grating is
easy and successful If we observe a
few simple rules.
Grating has many advantages
and serves many purposes. 1t is the
principal method of reproducing
roses, most fruits and many shrubs.
The major function is to reproduce
cheaply and quickly named varieties.
BY building roses on a strong
growing root-stock the resultant
growth Is superior to that which
many varieties would have If on their
own roots. BY grating we may
change the fruiting wood of an un-
desirable variety to one which Is
wanted.
Sometimes we graft fruits on dis
ease resistant or insect resistant
understocks. Weeping forms of trees
are grated to the stem of an upright
grower so as to give the tree height.
But, as rule, we use the grating
method of propagation to increase
the number of plants of a given va
riety.
If space is limited we NAV graft
Evening star., 1947-02-23
ORCHIDS
-pooP MANS ORCHID

poor MANS ORCHID
or Dutch Iris. These are not like
the common roadside. Iris. They
are the aristocrat of the IRIS
family. Bulbs are large and
hardy outdoors. Flowers ex-
tremely exquisite resembling or
.chids. Long keeping qualities
and frequently used by florists
in corsage work. Grow 10" high,
fine for border. rock garden and
excel. for indoor forcing. Great
Variety of all colors; Just ar
large quantity quickly, they are
reasonably priced at 35 for 81.
100 for $2.5O-50O for $11.O0
Evening star., 1947-02-23

though a diameter greater than two
inches is considered too difficult to
work with. Only a part of the limbs
are reworked in any one year. These
are split with chisel or grating
tool and scions inserted. To fit into
the split in the stub the scions are
tapered to long slender "V' shape.
Two are inserted in each cleft with
the one side of the cambium layer
of each scion matching the cam
blum layer of the limb. AS soon as
the scions are inserted the chisel is
removed and the pressure Of the
wood usually holds the scions
firmly in place. To protect the end
of the limb from disease it is COW
cred with grating wax or some
other protective material. If both
scions live one is removed after a
year or two to avoid having weak
fork.
The gardener who tries one or
more of the methods of grating
here described will soon gain inter-
est in these methods of propagation,
which are largely used on woody
plants, and will find it much fun.
He will then be tempted to try
other and more complicated me-
thods. Those mentioned do not re-
quire special equipment, but there
are others which require propagat-
ing cases or greenhouse growing
conditions.
There is much to be gained from
the simple and easier methods.
For the beginner, however, it Is
urged that he do not become dis
couraged if first attempts fail. 1t
takes little practice to gain dex-
terity and furthermore, even the
professionals do not expect 100 per
| cent "take."
Evening star., 1947-02-23
Farmers Opposing
D.C.Daylight Time

Maryland and Virginia farm
xers in the Washington area are
opposed to summer daylight
saving time for the District.
Farm leacers in the two
states last week said the change
would disrupt farm schedules,
lessen farm efficiency and, as a
result, increase food costs to
city dwellers.
The farm labor problem will
be made more acute also, since
most farm workers will seek
hours coinciding with those In
the city, it was stated.
Maryland and Virginia
Oranges have gone on record
as opposing the change, and
last week the Fairfax County
Board of Supervisors adopted a
resolution opposing 1t.
Evening star., 1947-02-23
All Club Tour

Maryland All Club members will
make tours of Annapolis during
National All Club Week to be OBJ
served from March to 8.
In addition to the Annapolis tour
Montgomery County All Club men,
bers will hold q countrywide All
vesper service.
Evening star., 1947-02-23
The Cleft Grating Technique.

The third type of grating, cleft
grating, is used primarily for con-
verting an undesirable variety of
fruit trees over to one of a desirable
variety. A few Of the limbs of the
trees are sawed off as low down or
close to the trunk as possible al
Evening star., 1947-02-23

bud from a male pollen-bearing
tree onto a female berry bearing
tree to insure pollination.
Timing Is Important Factor.
We may graft, for fun, as witness
the gardeners who have several va
rieties OF apples growing on a single
tree.
The first rule in grating is that
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
CARRIE SAXON
 Hartford High News JEANNE ANDERSON
 Weaver High News THE MYTHICAL FIVE JUNIOR NAACP

We were all roofing for Red Carter at the fight Thursday night. Imagine the results
 Special notice to the Wolver- ines of Hartford. A special de- livery letter arrived from Vir- ginia recently. Hurry and op- en it girls because it contains a handsome hunk of man-Pat Marshall.
 Richard Davis has been sec ing more of the northend lately than he used to. Tell us who she is Richard!
 Who's the chick who's been wishing that she was the senor- ita serenaded by Lenzy Wallace and his mad guitar?
 We predict a great crowd at the State to see the best band of 1946; the Great Lionel Hamp- ton.
 Why does Gwendolyn Lee walk around looking so sad !? Did someone spirit Harry John son away from you Gwen. How about 1t Dot?
 Hodge Davis and his band took Springfield by storm Fri day night.
 The great majority of Hart ford was jumping to the mad music of Illinois Jacquet
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
Your Teen Ayers

Your teen age daughters and sons during the war and since have grown rapidly in every respect. We cannot deny. that the war period thrust upon them mixed emotions. One finds them with glamour hairdress and the latest in vogue; airs of independence and confidence. However, this should not mean that they are expected to have more judgment than their ages permit. Under all this mock sophistication' they want guid- ance, yet it must be supervision that speaks their language. Their leaders and parents must capitalize on this disire for in dependence by giving responsi- bilities they can handle.
 No single force in the com munity can help the youth alone. Parents must share their load of responsibility by coop erating with community cen ters, churches and schools. See what your son or daughter is doing at these places, and offer to help chaperone occasionally. Confer with leaders or teachers about your child. The people who meet your child outside the home would like to know you. They would like to know what goals you have set for your child. Make it a fifty-ffty prop osition. Meet those who are helping develop your youth s personality by working with them.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
Page Seven

Mean to Me'-Arline Ben ford.
 Prisoner of ve'-Zelma Hargrove.
 Clover n'-Lorraine Ben ford.
 He's My Guy"-Helen Ben ford.
 II Love You For Sentimental Reasons "-Denice Clerk.
 '"The Man I Love- Ce- phas. 1T Ain't Got Nobody Cephas.
 Walk It Off"-Lea Rose.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
The Hartford Chronicle
Bristol News
Cont. from Page 4

Who was at the Benford resi- dence Sunday night? Could 1t have been J.R.?!!!
 What held H. B.'s gown up Tuesday nite at the Concert All the boys were looking aw- full hard!i!
 Why Louise was looking so fine at the Concert? Joe said you looked fne!!!
 Why c. T. hasn't been seen in the country lately? Could A. R. have had something to do with it'll!
 Who Lorraine is planning on busting up in the near future |? Look out MT. Charles!!!
 Why some certain people have been telling Pat she, does not have to change the name9 Could they be talking about all these Joes?!!!
 Why Jean doesn't want the Pets to come down any time soon? Things must be going along smoothly!!!
 Where Percy B. has been? ? Could he now be a married man?!ii
 What Miss Clarke is plan ming on doing about HIM and Miss Johnson? Look out pal, for Miss Trouble is ahead!!!
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
LUCY SMITH
 Teen Age Fashions BARBARA MURRAY
 Doing of the Teens
 FOxOnian News Book Review - GwendOlyn FoOte
Pearl Johnson, Editor

On Saturday evening, April 26th at the Club 34 in New Brit ain the Negro Voters League of that city presented "A cause for us all'' plus dining and dancing to the music of Hart ford's popular Larry Duhart and his boys. The affair was the opening of their spring membership drive and I hope that everybody who was pres ent had an enjoyable evening for with such wonderful music as the band played I am sure that no one would be justified to say that they had a boring evening. What about it gang ?
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
The Crystal Ball By The Mythical Five

Correction: It's Sis, Boom, and Bang; not Sin, Boom and Bang.
 We wonder who Harry Pet iway is taking to the spring time. t
 Bert Napper and Ronald Jackson are close buddies late ly; what gives?
 Everybody has the wrong idea about the Mystical Five. We wish you'd give credit only where credit is due.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
SOMETHING TO REMEMBER YOU BY

''You Call it Madness but . Call it Love"- "-Jean Howard.
 I'm Thru with LoVe'- Louise Floyd.
 ''I'm A Lucky So and So"- Virginia Nelson.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-05-03
Music and Plays Bv Betty Allen

days stellar performance of The Iceman Cometh" you real ly missed something. The play definitely carried a message written in and oftimes lengthy, yet enjoyable manner. There were a number of rather long monologues and the pace in the first act little drawn out. But aside from that there were few things to dislike.
 The Ballet Russe De Monte Carlo will be here for three per formances. 1 have been telling you about it for sometime. Now we hope you see it. There is also a. little more information on the First Piano Quartet. They will be sponsored by the Girls Club of the Two Hart lords Insurance Co.,; for the benefit of the Times Farm and Camp Courant. Aside from hearing some wonderful music you will be aiding a very worthy cause. Did you forget the Concer Show?
 But to get back to the First Piano Quartet. You must know that they were the first group of men to play music solely for 4 pianos. Much of it has to be transcribed. Thanks to this groups tireless efforts there are now many works transcribed for four pianos. Do get to hear them.
 After hunting all over Hart ford's record shops and a few in New York, I find that Fox s now have what I sought. If you are not familiar with Vaughan Williams "London Symphony please hear it; it's a superb work.
 On reading the weekend edi- tion of a New York paper, l found that the New York Sym phony under Leonard Bern stein will begin it's season on Sept. p. Among the soloists will be Isaac Stern who did the Behind the Scenes playing in "Humoresque", Leo Shit, Nan Merriman and Negro So- prano Ellabelle Davis who made such a terrific hit in a recent Oratorio "Ecclesiastes' by Jer- ome Weinberger, performance. Among other things an all Stra- vinsky program as well as an all Mozart is planned.
 Among other bits of good news, it seems that Hartford plans to have it s own series of summer Pop" concerts to be held in Keney Park and are to be free we understand.
 Now For Some Good Recording Works
 Two Beethoven Sonatas are recorded for you by pianists who play them better than some other works these same pianists have done.
 Arturo Rubenstein plays Po- thetigue (No. 8, but my favor ite is still Water Giese King. l do not like my Beethoven too
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1947-01-01
Rev. F. W. Penick
On Board Of Directors
OF Community Chest

Six men prominent in Seattle
business, labor and religious af-
fairs have been elected to three
year terms on the Board of Dir
ectors of the Community Chest
and Council of Seattle and King
County, it was announced Sunday
by e. L. Skeel, Chest president.
The newly elected board mem
bers are: Rex Allison, president
of the Bon Marche; Dave Beck,
president fthe Joint Council of
Transfers, No. %, and vice-pres-
ident of the International Brother
hood of Transfers, AFL; C. B..
Lindeman, publisher of the Seattle
Observation-Disclosures; Darwin Meis-
nest, president of Darwin Meis-
nest, Inc. campaign chairman of
the Community Chest in 1899 and
1910, and chairman of the Public
Relations Committee in the recent
campaign for 1947; Rev. Fountain
w. Penick, D D, minister of the
Peoples institutional Baptist
crueh, and the first Negro to be
elected to the Chest board; and
William S. Street, president OF
Frederick and Nelson, and cam
paign chairman of the Chest in
1912
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1947-01-01

HksAfifas p sfhtaffAtNNfot
-zaEf fHsf'..f = sIasiFss = raf ~ Fefse aHe
tile beginning - the nee There are many expFeE
son. q PEACH 0N EARTH = GOOD WILL TO
WARD MIN
Let a. hamby. seriously, and conscientiously
think Of those words and their fun meaning 50 that
al this season truly say meaningfuy
PEACE ON EARTH AND GOOD WILL TOWARD
ALL MEN And as we lace and. pass Through tha.
New Year let practice in all our day-to-day activ
ties the principles of the FATHERHOOD of GOD
and the BROTHERHOOD. of NAN to the end that
community shall be the one spot in the United
States where true democracy fourishes among all the
people irrespective of race, religion ancestral
derivation.
To these principles the National Urban League
has concerned itself for than thirty-sx years.
To these principles the Seattle Urban
League has been dedicated, and has and shall con-
tnue to community in the spirit of the FA-
THERHOOD of GOD and the BROTHERHOOD of
MAN.
To all people who believe in these principles and
desire to community in this spirit well
to membership in the Urban Leavue movement.
The staff of the Urban League, together with its
Board of Directors and membership extend the sea-
sons greetings to the Seattle Community with the
hope that during the New Year may do more than
before to bring peace ON EARTH AND
GOOD WILL TOWARD ALL MEN" in common
community.
SEATTLE URBAN LEAGUE
By Dean E. Hart, Executive Secretary
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1947-01-01
SEATTLE SOCIALS
- - - & Thar,usss
I'll nAa SIS


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sha bsaHH a Thoar sac laHed
sefiainls m1Ased q treat
Ms EVEREST Davis th0akh slm
confined a. her home d slowly
eonvalescinR. and friends Who
sish may call
SRA Anna r. Bagley at her
home is much improved and her
friends are invited to call at will
Or John Thompson of Spokane,
Wash. and his son. DR.. John
Thompson. Jr., an inferno of the
Marine Hospital Seattle, were
dinner guest of the e. |. Robin
sons, Friday, December 81. The
evening was spent visiting Spo-
kane home and friends, exchang-
ing the seasons greetings.
DR.. John Thompson. Sr., will
renew other acquaintance in Sc
attic before returning to Spokane.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1947-01-01
Jackie Robinson
On Rising Tide

Whether Jackie Robinson. first
Negro in organized baseball, makes
good with the Brooklyn Dodgers
or not, his break" is not an
accident but definite plan en-
gineered by Branch Hickey, Brook
Ign owner, according to the cur
rent SPORT magazine.
Hickey decided that abolition
of the color line in baseball was
inevitable, according to SPORT,
so he sent three scouts securing
the Negro leagues. When they
came up with Robinson as poten-
tial big league timber, Hickey as
signer the Negro star to the
Dodgers Montreal farm team in
the international League for
final test.
What Robinson did in Montreal
made baseball history last season.
He led the league in batting with
a mark of .349, highest average
ever compiled by Montreal
player. He stole 40 bases and
made only IL errors playing End
base and shortstop. When Montre-
al won the Little World Series"
from Louisville, Montreal rooters
carried Robinson. with tears sire
aiming down his face, around the
field in jubilation.