davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-10-29
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. Is 1t possible for an aviator flying above
Tokyo to see both the eastern and western
shores Of Japan?-J. NJ
A. The Army Map Service states that from
east to west across Japan on the latitude Of
Tokyo the distance to the sea on the west Is
206 miles Gin the vicinity of Tsuruga) and to
the sea on the east 81 miles dn the vicinity of
ChosD. man in an airplane 300 feet above
Tokyo would be able to see both oceans.
O. What did the American colonists use for
windows before glass was available?-R. M. o.
A. Glass windows were not universal in the
17th century either III the American colonies
or in England. The current shutting draw
windows of Symond's house in 1888 were prob
ably sliding panels Of board. In Leah and
Rachel Q658) Virginia buildings are spoken
of having. "f not glazed windows. shut
ters." Edward Winslow, writing from Plymouth
in 1921, says, Bring paper and linseed oil for
your windows" Loaded panes existed in many
of the better houses after 1850.
@. What is the elevation above sea level OF
New OrleanS?-S. K.
A. At the airport the altitude Is sea level.
The highest elevation above sea level Is about
10 feet In flood time nearly all the city is
from to II feet below the level of the river
which is kept out by levees or dikes built along
the entire front and graded down to the fiat
city site.
@. What is the most southery latitude at
which the Aurora Borealis or northern lights"
are visible?-E. r. o.
A. The Aurora Boreals is sometimes seen as
far south 20 degrees north latitude though
at very infrequent intervals. In the Northern
Hemisphere it is most frequent about latitude
80 degrees. 1t is unusual in the Gulf States,
and rarely seen within the Tropics.
chimney q drafto-
A. H. N.
A. The Bureau of Mines says that draft is
created in a chimney as a result of the diff
ference in temperature between gases in the
chimney and the outside air. The column of
gas in the chimney being hotter is lighter In
weight than an equal column of gas outside the
chimney. This causes the column of gas in the
chimney to be forced upward. Frequently
wind across the top of the stack also aids in
creating suction action on the stack. 1t Is rare
that the temperature Of the column OF gas in
the stack Is the same as the outside air column.
Therefore, there is usually some little move
ment in the air column
c. What proportion of the population OF
India can read and write?-M. r. C.
A. The census of 1881 showed that only 1853
males and 20 females per thousand were liter
ate. in the sense of being able to read and
write any language. The census Of 1941 showed
a striking increase of literates, from per cent
to 1872 per cent, during the decade.
O. How large an area is included in the
English Lake District?-A. r. T.
A. The Lake District includes an area Of
about TOO square miles in Northwestern Eng
land Celebrated for the grandeur Of its
mountain and lake scenery, this section Of
England is closely associated with some Of the
worlds great poets. Wordsworth, Coleridge,
Southey and Thomas de Quincy lived there.
Gray Shelley. Scott, Keats and Tennyson
visited there and immortalized it.
Evening star., 1947-10-29
How Starving Breeds War

To the Editor of The
I can't remember when anything else has
made me so indignant as the letter you pub
lished from Mr.. johnson, under the caption
Cats Preferred to Europeans The publica-
ton of that letter. however will serve useful
purpose, if it does no more than to show the
effect of prejudice and msinformation upon
the so-caled reasoning processes of so-called
intelligent people.
I also keep pets-two dogs and two cats
whose food possibly costs me about 20c day.
Since these animals get all the food they need
and have never been exposed to such luxuries
as prime beef salmon or caviar, they are as
we'll behaved, affectionate and healthy, I i'm
agne, as Mr.. Johnsons pampered pets. Ger
tainly, would never dream of buying them
food which would be considered in the luxury
class.
What MI johnson does not realize, of course
is the fact that under the heading Europeans"
he would have to include all the heroes of
World War II who held out against the Nazis:
the underground forces of France, Holland,
Czechoslovaka, to mention only few. He
would also have to include the starved home
less, mistreated children of all the countries of
Europe, many of whom cannot remember when
they had homes or parents, or sufficient food
be- Their ma jor crime, it seems, consists in
believing what their elders and betters have
told them, which after all is supposed to be
the ideal of youth not only in Europe but over
here as well.
Many years ago read an article in the Ma
tional Geographic, with illustrations showing
the effects of starvation on the children OF
Germany after World War l. That was over
20 years ago, but cannot forget those ptiful.
misshapen little bodies, the product OF war,
which in turn is the product of the twisted
minds and bodies that result from war Does
any fair-minded person expect such children
to grow up to be kind and fair minded? Can
the ideal of peace and good will towards men
flourish in the presence of starvation, disease
and all its attendant moral degradation? To
argue this proposal Is as absurd as to say we
could get figs from thistles.
People who believe we should not help
Europe might try this experiment: Spend
week living on about 1900 calories day, made
UP of food salvaged from garbage piles, bread
made of sawdust, and weeds. At the end OF
that time let them see how much more affec-
ton they feel for humanity. and how much
better humor they are in. They might even
try this system on their cats
LOUISE B. THOMAS.
Evening star., 1947-10-29

evidenced by the fact that approximately
270 drunks were arrested over the week
end This discrimination must continue, in
justice to overloaded Gallinger, its harried
staff and its host of ailing customers. Gal
fingers cooperation in the alcoholics
observation program is necessarily limited
by its facilities and personnel. The munic-
ipal hospital cannot be expected to displace
its regular sick and injured patients by
drunks in need only of place to sleep
it Off"
Evening star., 1947-10-29
Stars, Men and Atoms
Two Breathing Centers
Reported Found in Brain
Geneva Scientist Discovers Units for
Inspiration and Exhalation
By Thomas r. Henry


By Thomas r. Henry
Finding of two breathing centery in the
brain, one for inspiration and the other for
exhalation has just been reported to the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science here by DR.. Oscar A. M Wyss of the
University Of Geneva.
1t long has been known that the nerve area
which regulates respiration Is located In the
bulge at the bottom Of the brain where ID
joins the spinal cord known as the medulla
oblongata. There has been some doubt as to its
precise location.
When the lungs are empty 1t Is stimulated
to activate the proper muscles for filling them.
When they are full 1T sets up the process Of
exhalation All this is below the level Of
consciousness. One does not will to breathe.
Operates BY vagus Nerve.
This brain area operates by means of the
vagus nerve, the major nerve leading from the
brain for the control Of automatic body func-
tions. When this nerve itself Is stimulated
by electricity profound effects on breathing
result. Stimulation with low frequency cur
rent causes increased inspiration, with high
frequency increased respiration.
The general breathing center of the BRAIN
medulla known as the "tractus solitarius"
which extends through the entire length Of
the bulge His specific finding reported in
Science, official journal Of the American Asso-
citation, Is that when small region near the
top of this thin strip of grey nerve cells is
destroyed low frequency stimulation of the
Vagus no longer causes increased inspiration
When a similar area near the bottom Is
destroyed high frequency current no longer
effects inhalation.
The evidence indicates, he says, that between
the two there is an "interneuronic relay sta
ton" which Is the essential control center for
automatic breathing 1t shunts impulses COM
ing to it through the vagus nerve either to the
inspiration or expiration center, as the needs
Of the body require.
Oldest Part of Brain.
The medulla, where this nerve breathing
station is located, Is about the oldest part of
the brain, which developed In evolution long
before the cerebrum, the highest and largest
brain organ. which Is responsible for all
conscious behavior. 1t has remained through
out the milleniums as the dictator of the
absolutely essential acts of living, such as
respiration and heartbeat, and Is entirely out
side of voluntary control.
One could not will to stop breathing very
long. Temporarily, however, the breathing
center can be influenced by impulses poured
into it over the vagus nerve from higher
centers of the brain.
Evening star., 1947-10-29
6esterton Quoted

To the Editor Of The Star:
In answer to E. K Goldsboroughs letter I
quote statement of G. K. Chesterton which
believe: THE Ills of the world are not due
to the fact that Christianity has been tried and
found to be failure, but the the fact that
Christianity has never really been tried"
MRS. JOHN) BERTHA " SEIFERT.
Evening star., 1947-10-29
Wichita, Kansas.

Animal Rescue League Services
To the Editor of The Star:
Sometimes people jump to erroneous con-
clusions about the Animal Rescue League, due
to lack of information, as is evidenced by re-
cent suggestions that the league be dropped
from the Community Chest.
One League activity little known is its
humane education program in public, private
and parochial schools as well as in boys clubs,
etc. Kindness cannot be taught too early. That
is why the Washington Animal Rescue League
distributes over 5000 bookmarks and several
thousand pamphlets in the District Of Colum-
bia each year. These 60 to schools, libraries.
clubs and hospital wards for children: This
material pictures animals and children In an
appealing manner, giving scientific advice on
the care of pets, as well as inculcating ideals
Of kindness and responsibility in more effec
tive way than all the dry-as-dust precepts
that could be taught in a lifetime.
D. c. school principals are enthusiastic about
League literature, and some Of the libraries
have found 1t so popular that they have ar
ranged supplementary reading lists for chill
dren, based on the League be-kind- animals
program vi
Evening star., 1947-10-29

his Polish enemies or by Soviet agents
At any rate, the last authoritative voice of
protest has been silenced inside Poland
and the Peasant Party organization has
been summarily taken over through strong-
arm tactics
Evening star., 1947-10-29

Army cooks are told to leave the top
crusts off pies. Thus much flour will be
conserved, it is hoped, and many welders
released for tagging civilian production,
Evening star., 1947-10-29
Questions and Answers

reader can get the to any question Of
fact by writing The Washington Star Information
Bureau. 316 l street NE. Washington 2. D. G.
Please lnclose cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1947-10-29

Our fears attend the several committees
sent out to investigate prices. They must
by now be as high up as the lad in Long
fellows poem, who sold excelsior in the
Aims
Evening star., 1947-10-29

The cocktail lounge has arrived In the
Arctic, and word must be spread to Dan
McGrew and his set that the soiled buck
skin shirt Is out, for afternoon wear
Evening star., 1947-10-29
All the Governments Fault

To the Editor of The Star:
There is nothing mysterious about the
steadily increasing cost of living and the
causes for same should be stopped instead OF
asking the people to eat less bread. The i'm
mediate cause is the Governments action in
draining our country Of so great proportion
of it's grain and other agricultural products
in order to provide freedom from fear and
want to favored nations in Europe Second in
Importance are the thousands of successful
labor strikes all OF which have been followed
by corresponding increase in prices 1t is what
paycheck will buy that is important, not
the amount in dollars and cents. Everyone
would be much better off had these strikes
never taken place. Another important factor
for high prices has been the maintenance of
millions of our young men at Government
expense, who should be producing wealth in
agriculture, industry or commerce Two mil
lion are reported to be employed in worse than
useless Government bureaus, our standing
Army now consists of 100000 while until re-
Gently Is, 900 men was considered ample. Then
there are hundreds of thousands being sent
to college at Government expense who, under
normal conditions, would be working in
agriculture, industry or commerce. basic
reason for increasing prices is our wretched
system of taxation which penalties every effort
to produce wealth and which provides artifci-
ally high prices of farm lands, causing higher
prices of farm products.
HENRY WARE ALLEN.
Evening star., 1947-10-29
EJ;tor;aI Annroyad

Editorial Approved
70 the Editor OF The star:
May I compliment you on your excellent
editorial, "The Communistic Senator Taft"9
GILLENT T. HUNTER.
Evening star., 1947-10-29

@. What proportion of the population Of
India can read and wrte?-M. r. C.
A. The census of 1881 showed that only 1853
males and 20 females per thousand were liter
ate, in the sense of being able to read and
write any language. The census Of 194l showed
a striking increase Of literates, from 7 per cent
to 1872 per cent, during the decade.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

cause to be dreamed. For they
prophesy falsely unto you in my
name; l have not sent them, saith
the Lord"
Among the citations comprising
the Lesson-Sermon will be the fol-
lowing from the Bible-Jer. 23:5-
Behold, the days come, saith the
Lord, that will raise unto David a
righteous Branch, and King shall
reign and prosper, and shall execute
judgement and justice in the earth"
The Lesson-Sermon also will in
clude passages from the Christian
Science textbook, Science and
Health with Key to the Scriptures"
by Mary Baker Eddy, among which
is the following, page Material
sense does not unfold the facts of
existence; but spiritual sense lifts
human consciousness into eternal
Truth"
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
SERVICES AT ST. PAUL'S
METHODIST CHURCH

Next Sunday marks the begin
ming of the Advent season and on
this day Rev. Norman L. Trott, the
minister, will begin sermon series
at the Sunday morning services on
''The Songs of our Saviour's Birth"
The first in the series is ''The Mag
nificat''
For the next three Sunday even
ings Rev. Mr. Trott will preach on
"The Meaning of Christmas" The
first in the evening series will be on
the topic: What 1t Meant To God"
Thanksgiving Day will be OBJ
served with service at 1890 a. m.
Rev VIM. F. Wright, the District
Superintendent of the Hagerstown
District, will conduct the service in
the absence of Rev. Mr.. Trott, who
will be in Chicago attending a Con-
ference of Methodist leaders.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
ST. PAUL'S EV. LUTHERAN
CHURCH, JAMESTOWN

A Community Thanksgiving Day
Service for Funkstown will be held
at st. Paul's Lutheran Church,
Funkstown, on Thursday Novem-
Der 9th, at $50 a. m. Rev. Ray
mond M. Miller will preach on the
subject, "The Kingdom Ours Re-
maineth," and the Senior Choir
will sing two numbers, "Give To
Our God Immortal Praise" arranged
with choral descant, and Praise Ye
The Father" by Gounod.
On Sunday morning, November
80, at $50 a. M, the Advent Season
will be heralded. The Mariana
Missionary Society" will take charge
of the program with Thank-offer-
ing Service entitled, "For All Thy
Mercies."
Sunday School will be held at
1O:40 a. m. and Luther League at
$50 pm. At Vespers, 7:30 pm, the
Junior Order of United American
Mechanics will be the guest of the
congregation.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
CHRIST'S EVANGELICAL
AND REFORMED CHURCH

At the Sunday services at Christs
Evangelical and Reformed Church,
West Franklin Street, the Oath An
niversary Of the Organization and
the 9th Anniversary of the Rededi-
cation of the present building, will
be observed at special services. The
Rev. Frederick D. Eyster is pastor
of the church.
At the morning worship, at II
o'clock, the guest minister will be
DR.. Harvey A. Fesperman, former
pastor of the church and now serv-
ing as pastor of the First Church,
Burlington, N. c.
At the evening service, at 1880
o'clock, Rev. Gordan H. Sperry, for
mer assistant pastor of the church,
and now pastor of st. Johns Church,
Allentown, Pa, will be the guest
minister.
Following the evening service, a
Fellowship Hour will be held in the
Church School building, in order to
give the congregation an opportun-
ity to greet DR.. Fesperman and the
Reverend Sperry.
The Church School at Christ's
Church is held at $50 a. m.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
DRY RUN CLUB

Mrs. Grover Forsythe was hostess
to the Dry Run Homemaker's Club
at her home near Wilson's, for the
October meeting. The meeting was
attended by 26 members and the fol-
lowing guests; Mesdames Ellice De
Forrest, Nettie Hartle, Frank Boyd
and Harold Brewer.
Mrs Adrian Strife, music chair
man, gave an interesting account Of
Stephen Fosters trips by boats,
which inspired him to write his
southern plantation songs His ia
miliar composition "My Old Ken
lucky Home" was sung by members
of the Club.
A short history of the artist, Paul
Cezanne, was given by Mrs. Willis
Routzahn, art chairman, and one of
his paintings, "Blue Vase" was
shown to the group.
A most enjoyable, account of
the American Biography of George
Washington Carver, was portrayed
by Miss Nell Boyd, reading chairman.
Other reports were given by MI
triton chairman Mrs. A.. r. Cohen,
and home management chairman,
Mrs. Charles Dennis. International
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

displayed the painting, ..The Blue
Vase and gave brief history of
the artist, Cezanne. An International
Relations discussion followed, cen
tered around the Marshall Plan
Mrs. Kenneth Herbst gave Home
Management Hints and demonstrate
ed efficient methods of ironing and
folding garments, and Mrs. Albert
Deal gave very interesting review
of the book "The Foxes of Harrow"
by Frank Yerbe.
The next meeting will be Christ
mas Party, to be held in the Com
munity Hall at Beaver Creek, De-
cember 8, at $50 p. m. The party
will be in the form of a covered dish
supper with exchange of gifts and
entertainment following.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
Church NeUs
MORNING DEVOTIONS TO
BE HEARD OVER WEI

The following ministers will con-
duct the Morning Devotions for the
ensuing week, heard. over the radio
station WEI every weekday morn
ing at 1918 o'clock.
Friday, Rev. Frederick D. Eyster,
Christ's Reformed Church; Satur-
day, a reader from the First Church
of Christ, Scientist; Monday, Rev.
H.C. Gonso, First Church of God;
Tuesday, Rev. DR.. G. l. Rider, Grace
Ev. United Brethren Church; We'd
nesday, Rev. Paul M. Robinson,
Church of the Brethren; Thursday,
Rev. DR.. F. Berry Plummer, st.
PauPs Ev. United Brethren Church.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
News Of County
Homemaker's Clubs
BEAVER CREEK CLUB

Mrs. c. Ned Keadle entertained
the Beaver Creek Homemakers
Tuesday, November IS, with Miss
Virgie Fahrney as joint hostess.
Fourteen members were present and
Mrs. Marshall, Mrs. J. v. Slime and
Mrs. Robert Keadle were visitors.
Mrs. Raymond Hart, acting Music
Chairman, told of the Trips of Ste
phen Foster" Mrs. J. K. Funk then
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

Mr.. and Mrs. NJ c. Ham, Hagers-
town, announce the marriage of their
daughter, Doris, to Earl w. jackson,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. E. w. Jackson,
South Potomac Street on November
7.
The wedding was performed at st.
Johns Lutheran Church, with the
Rev. DR.. J. Edward Harms officiating
at the double ring ceremony.
Following the wedding the couple
left for a short wedding trip to
Washington. D. c., and are now re-
siding at 915 South Potomac Street.
Mrs. Jackson was graduated
from the Hagerstown High School,
class Of 1913, and is now employed
by the American. News Company.
The bridegroom also attended
tie Hagerstown High School and
served three years in the U. S. Navy.
He is also employed at the American
News Company.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

relation chairman, Mrs. c. c. James,
then explained the Marshall plan
and Russia's attitude to the people
of Europe.
A report on Jne scholarship was
made by Mrs. Edgar Hayman.
The Christmas party date was
changed to Thursday Dec. 10, at
noon, instead Of the 18th as pre-
viously planned.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
SERVICE AT FIRST CHURCH
OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST

Ancient and Modern NEGRO
NANCY, Alias Mesmerismj and ,Hyp-
notism, Denounced" will be the sub
ject of the Lesson-Sermon at the
First Church of Christ Scientist, 235
North Potomac Street at HOO a. m.
on Sunday.
The Golden Text will be from
Jer. 29:8,9-'Let not your prophets
and your OWNERS, that be in the
midst of you, deceive you, neither
hearken to your dreams which We
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
Wedding Bells

st. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran
Church, Funkstown. was the scene of
the wedding of Miss Shirley M.
Baker, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
! George w. Baker, Funkstown, and
Leon l.. Carr, Jr., son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Leon L. Carr also of Funkstown, on
November ID. =
The double ring ceremony was
performed by the Rev. Raymond A.
Miller, pastor of the bride, in the
Ipresence of the immediate families.
Following a reception in the home
of the brides parents in Funkstown,
the couple left for a short wedding
trip and upon their return will re-
side temporarily with the brides
parents.
Mrs. Carr is a graduate of the
Hagerstown High School, class of
1916, and is now employed at the
C&P Telephone company.
Mr. Carr, a graduate of the Hag-
erstown High School, class Of 1914,
served two years in the us. Navy
and is employed at the Potomac
Edison Company.
The parsonage of the Trinity Lu-
theran Church was the scene of the
wedding of Miss Grace Davis, Hag-
erstown, and David Waltrick, Cham
bersburg, which took place on No
vember IA.
The double ring ceremony was
performed by the Rev. Wilson p
Ard, in the presence of friends and
relatives.
Following the ceremony the cou-
pie left for a short wedding trip and
since their return are residing in
Chambersburg.
Mrs. Waltrick is graduate of
the Hagerstown High School with
the class of IA. She was formerly
employed with Letter Brothers
department store. Mr.. Waltrick is
engaged in the salvage business
with his father.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

Pvt. Richard E. Snyder, son of
Mr. and Mrs. John j. Snyder, 343
N. Cannon Ave, has completed a
thirteen-week course in Army basic
training at the 9th Infantry Divis-
ion, Fort Dix, N. ].
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27
Names Make News

The Rev. and Mrs. Norman L.
Trott, of st. PauPs Methodist
Church, left for Chicago, Ill, on
Monday, where the Reverend Trott,
who is Dean of the Methodist Con-
ference Pastors School, will attend
a four-day conference of Methodist
religious leaders. They will return
home on Saturday.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

Paul L. Harp, pharmacists mate,
first class, son of Mr.. Paul L. Harp,
Chewsville, has been assigned to the
Naval Hospital, Aiea Heights, Ter
ritory of Hawaii. He entered the
Naval service in April 1912.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-11-27

Raymond j. Shanholtz, seaman sec
ond class, whose home address is
613 George Street, and Stanley r.
Brown, seaman first class, whose
wife resides at 2421s N. Locust ST.,
are crew members of the large air.
craft carrier, USS Coral Sea, based
at Norfolk, Va.