Evening star., 1947-06-30
War Possible by 1855,
Atom Scientists Fear;
Urge New Peace Step
By N. A.seeiaied Press

0bAS wv"
BY the Assoeioted Press
PRINCETON, N. j., June 30.-1ne
Emergency Committee OF Atomic
Scientists headed by DR.. Albert Elm
stein says that efforts at interna-
tional control of nuclear energy
have come to nothing" and that
new approach is necessary to pre-
vent a war which they preolc'
could come by 1855.
"Once stockpiles of atomic bombs
have been accumulated by Two ma
tional blocs of a divided world IL
will no longer be possible to mann,
tain peace" the committee warned
at a press conference YESTERDAY.
DR., Harold C. Urey Of the UNI
versity of Chicago, vice chairman
of the committee and spokesman
at the press conference. identineo
the Soviet Union as the head OF the
second national bloc and predicted
It would be probably 10 years from
hiroshima" before their stockplleS
could be accumulated.
Hoped for Agreement.
The committee, made up OF seven
internationally known scienetlsts,
said they had placed great hope last
wear in the possibility OF an inter
national agreement, but that the
situation was rapidly deteriorating
and great material sacrifices" were
needed now to achieve peace.
1T is imperative the American
,eon,e understand this failure" the
statement said. ITO foster this nope
TODAY as we moved into q "oIH
divided into two armed camps Woulo
be a betrayal of our responsloiiity'
coincident with the commlttee
statement, made on the eve OF the
first anniversary of the explosion
of the first Bikini bomb, Army and
NAVY atomic experts indicated tnat
bombs of the size and type used At
Bikini may be used in future wars,
rather than greater, more poWer1ui
honbs such as scientists have been
predicting.
DR.. r. E. Lapp of the research and
development division of the war
Department General Stan said there
were two military reasons why pres
ent-size atom bombs are likely 10
be used: Two small bombs can 90
more damage than one twice tne
size. and one small bomb is enough
for many of the sort OF military
targets now conceived.
The Emergency Committee Scien-
lists said that previous efforts at
world agreement had been ap-
preached with the individual inter-
ests of each of the nations in min6,
but that now "the times demand
higher realism"
LAS we approach what may be
the last hour before midnight, the
challenge is. plain before u.s." the
committee announcement said.
Say Nations Must Cooperate.
The scientists said it was not up
to them to suggest what SPECIFIC
measures should be taken but en-
phasized that the solution was with.
in the context Of general agree
ment which guarantees reason
able degree of security to all nations
and provides for far-reaching eco
nomic and cultural cooperation
among Nations.
Such settlement is not possible
if the respective peoples are con-
cerned exclusively with the security
and welfare of their own countries.
The statement said that TIE United
States leading role in world affairs
required that 1t take the lead to
mobilize her vast resources on an
adequate scale to help the peoples
of the world lift the levels of their
economic life"
In return, the statement said, all
peoples would be expected to make
reciprocal sacrifices to achieve great
ends"
See World Government Necessary.
But the American people should
understand" the committee de-
clared, that there is no easy path
to the accomplishments of these
great detectives; that, in the long
run, the creation of supernatural
government with powers adequate to
the responsibility of maintaining the
peace is necessary"
DR.. Einssein presided at the con-
ference but took little verbal part
in the discussions-confining his ex-
pressions to several suggestions to
Dr.. Urey and acquiescent nodding
of his head at certain statement.
Other trustees of the committee
at the conference were:
! Prof. Hans A. Bethe, Cornell; Prof
Thorfln r. Mogness, University Of
Chicago; DR.. Philip M. Morse, di-
rector of Brookhaven National Lab
oratory. New York; Prof. Leo Szi-
lard, University OF Chicago; Prof.
Victor F. Weisskopf, Massachusetts
Institute Of Technology. Prof. Linus
Pauling, California Institute of
Technology, is the eighth trustee.
He is in England at present to re.
ceive an honorary degree from Cam.
bridge University.
1t was announced that DR.. Har-
rison Brown of the University of
Chicago and Dr. Frederick Seitz of
the Carnegie Institute Of Tech
nology had been elected as COM
mittee trustees.
Mexico City will force all saloons
! to spruce up their bars"