davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-01-19

SPOT TO REMEMBER-Ths gnarled tree the brink ot
Canyon the subject for Jon Rasussens $500
first black picture in the Union Pacific
Railroads 1916 amateur Photographic contest mountain
climbing architect of Seattle WASH Mr.. Rasmussen titled his
picture "Scupture OF Te 1t taken at Cape Royal on
the North Rm
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Synthetic Rubber Makes Good

It Is interesting to learn that the supply
of natural rubber has reached proportions
justifying the lifting before long of controls
on many uses of the product. But there Is
reason to believe that natural rubber will
never regain the place of eninence 1t held
as q critical material in the days before
Pearl Harbor
One thing the japanese did for US was
TO force US to build up synthetic rubber
industry that might have been many years
In developing but for the needs of the
emergency. Not only did the cutting off of
the East Indies rubber sources provide us
with new industry, but 1t facilitated lab
2pratory research that has produced syn
@thetic rubber having qualities superior In
some respects to those of the natural sub
stance Thus some of the various types of
synthetic rubber are tougher and more
resistant to deterioration than the best
natural rubber obtainable.
It is not surprising, therefore. that tire
manufacturers have informed Government
officials of their desire to continue using a
substantial proportion of synthetic rubber
in the manufacture of automobile tires.
Under the present control system the con-
tent of natural rubber in the smaller tires
is restricted to % per cent, with larger per-
centages authorized for bigger passenger
car and truck tires. A mixture of natural
and synthetic rubbers has been found ad
vantageous and it is probable that varying
mixtures of the two types will continue to
be used for long time In fact, it is doubt
full that there ever will be general return
ka sH-natlIral-rrbber tires
One reassuring aspect of this decision
Of the tire manufacturers to continue the
Evening star., 1947-09-23

trekking inland. They made their farms
on upland plateaus and in little valleys
among the hills. AS the countryside was
settled roads came into being. There were
three paths: two outside hard packed
ribbons where iron-rimmed wheels rolled,
center hollow where horses hooves
scuffed the dust. Spring and fall horses or
oxen pulled log drags to smooth the sur
face; spring and fall men and boys re-
built thank-you ma ans and cleared out
drainage bitches. After deep winter snow,
horses or oxen pulled big barrel-like rollers
to pack the snow firm.
Now the old roads browse through the
years. Some of the roads are half-aban-
doned and by their sides one can see
old granite-walled cellars-poignant re-
minders of the long ago when a farm was
in operation. Old split-rail fences zig-zag
among brush and alders; nchen-etched
stonewalls are half hidden by sumacs,
goldenrod and asters. The dirt roads far
back in the hills are half-erased writing
on the pages of history. They served their
purpose as advancing frontiers were
pushed across great land.
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Country Rouds

Twentieth century progress has required
that cement and macadam stitching be
fastened to nations landscape. The hard
arteries carry the speeding traffic. But
branching from the pixies and numbered
routes are quiet, peaceful country roads.
Unhurriedly they ramble along the sides
of hills and over the shoulders of low
mountains. They dip into cool shadowed
ravines where weathered, splintered plank
bridges cross pebble -bottomed brooks.
A part of our Nations history could be
written In terms of old country roads.
Three centuries ago men with dreams In
their hearts left coastal villages and began
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Britain Warns the Satellites

The emphatic statement of the British
Foreign Office regarding the actions of
three Communist-do dominated regimes In
Eastern Europe is a significant indica-
tion of British foreign policy. Although
referring specifically to only three of the
Moscow directed governments beyond the
Iron Curtain" the statement has poten-
tial application to other members of that
dubious category.
The foreign office admonition, addressed
to the governments of Bulgaria. Hungary
and Romania, advised them that the re-
cent ratification of their peace treaties did
not absolte them from solemn response
bilities which they had assumed under
those very pacts. The three governments
were therefore reminded that, under
those treaties, they were pledged "to secure
to all persons under their Jurisdiction the
enjoyment of human rights and to the
fundamental freedoms. including freedom
of expression. of the press and of publica-
tion, OF religious worship, of political
opinion, and of public meeting"
The British statement likewise called
attention to the fact that, under the Yalta
o6ACChlClit, olltdl1l, Vic OHlIGu ObdGeS aHQ
the Soviet Union were mutually committed
to "collaborate in assisting the peoples of
liberated Europe to create democratic in
stitutions OF their own choice"
1t Is common and incontrovertihle
knowledge that Moscow has not only
rendered the Yalta agreement imperative
but has also encouraged its satellite gov
ernments to fout their obligations with
defiant cynicism. A whole sheaf of Amer
lean and British protests, alike to them and
to their Moscow mentor. have hitherto
served only to keep the record straight"
Whether the latest British Foreign
ONCE pronouncement means anything
more than that remains to be seen. But
1t categorically warns the three offending
regimes that any further breaches of their
treaty obligations will be regarded by the
British government as criminal viola
tions" of the peace treaties which would
not be condoned, and that the diplomatic
representatives of the Great Powers ap-
pointed to the ex-enemy capitals are
charged with certain enforcement func-
tions of those treaties.
This is strong diplomatic language. It
will be interesting to see how 1t will be
practically implemented But, at least 1t
aligns the British government solidly with
our own In this respect
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Mr.. LiIienthuI's MESSAGE

On this page today is a message that
should be taken to heart by every Ameri-
can, and indeed by every citizen of the
world. Abridged from the address he de-
livered last night at Charlottesville, Ind.
the message is from David E. Lilienthal
chairman Of the United States Atomic
Energy Commission. 1t is at once bright
promise and a somber warning. The
promise Is that nuclear science is opening
Up new age full of wondrous potentiali-
ties for the health, happiness and eco
nomic Well-being of mankind But there
Is this warning with it: Unless effective
international control is established, and
unless the people of this Nation retain a
decisive voice in domestic development,
then the enormous good implicit in the
atom will be dwarfed by the enormous
evil, and "Schemers or fools or rascals or
hysterical stuffed shirts may succeed in
destroying not merely our free way of
life, but possibly even life itself-the whole
of humanity.
One of the towering facts of our time,
as Mr.. Lilienthal says, is that within a
decade or so we should be able to unlock
IcW hLOWlcuSe aDOuC l11e ana matter so
great that wholly new concepts of human
life will follow in the wake of this new
knowledge" This means that the pro-
foundly revolutionary changes already
effected by nuclear fission will almost GER
tainly be followed by a host of other
changes necessitating deep and far-reach-
ing adjustments in the society OF man,
socially, economically and otherwise. The
situation is historically unique, and not
without peril to liberty. In Mr.. Lilienthal's
Judgment, what 1t demands Is that we
make certain that "the changes shall be
fitted into the American way of doing
things, that those. changes shall not be so
imposed upon us that individual freedom
is impaired" He has faith that we can
meet the challenge with a vigilant and in
formed public opinion. He has faith that
with that, plus effective international
control, atomic energy can be made to
shower unprecedented blessings on the
whole world. 1t all depends on whether
peoples and governments everywhere have
the wisdom to see this awesome new power
pretty much as he sees it.
Evening star., 1947-09-23

our people beyond endurance and otherwise
misgovern in the name Of the proud democracy
we once had.
Impoyerishing ourselves, sending money and
food to the small nations Of Europe with
such intentions in mind is worse than foolish.
1t is criminal to punish the Americans 50 that
Europe may recover from her war follies that
we were not responsible for.
Since it has got to the point where We have
to step in with men and money to carry on
Europe's war, the taxpayers of America should
demand Of Congress that no more help be
given Europe until she becomes united. I
mean United States Of Europe that can
bond her people to raise funds to pay their
honest debts same as We have to do; Russia
OF course, might not care for such . union.
A United States of Europe Nill prevent wal,
Then we can do without the atomic bomb
evermoFe. p. =. SKINNER.
Evening star., 1947-09-23
'Cupricorn Africa

Those persons who are writing off the
British Empire as a dead duck would do
well to watch the new movement Just
launched in the heart of British East
Africa. Capricorn Africa" is its title. The
aim is to weld all British possessions be-
tween the Tropic of Capricorn and the
Equator into an imperial federation which
will be the bastion and pivot of revised
British imperial strategy besides serving
as new field for development and British
migration.
The idea was Matched in Salisbury, capi-
tai of Southern Rhodesia That self-gov-
erning colony, lying just north of the
Union of South Africa, displays an energy
and initiative reminiscent of Britain s
palmiest days. Kipling would be very much
at home there, because its white population,
though less than 100000 among more than
100000 primitive natives, are imperial
minded" to the nth degree. British
throughout, and composed of traditionally
empire building" types such as ex-ar.ny
officers younger sons" big game hunters
and similar pioneering variants, these
Rhodesians envisage a union between
themselves and the British settlers of the
other colonies to the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
Rhodesia. Nyassaland, Tanganyika, Kenya
and Uganda. Together. these form broad
band OF territory, fully 1900 miles long
and averaging some 400 miles wide, the
total area being some 100000 square
milestone third the size of the United
States.
Although Capricorn Africa" lies wholly
within the tropics, most of it is plateau or
highland sufficiently elevated to .ive it
a climate where white men can live and
even thrive. The native populations are,
for the most part. so primitive and so
divided into mutually hostile tribes that
it is possible for masterful European
ruling caste to run the country without
the political, economic and social COM
plications that are creating problems for
the South African Union. That Is why
the Rhodesians have no wish to enter the
dominion to the southwark. They want
to 60 their own way and set their own
pattern, which they think will attract the
most suitable types of recruits from the
British homeland. Indeed, already many
thousands Of enterprising Britishers have
gone thither or are doing their best to
get there.
The idea certainly fits In with the latest
concept OF British imperial strategy. 1t is
generally admitted that the Mediterranean
and the suez Canal no longer constitute a
tenable lifeline of empire" for Britain.
The idea is, therefore, to build up British
Africa as the strategic substitute. The
Rhodesian planners hope eventually to
associate the Belgian Congo with their
project and even the Portuguese colonies
OF Mozambique and Angola as well. That
would indeed constitute an imperial bloc
which could redress the balance of liqui-
dating empires in Asia.
Evening star., 1947-09-23

It Is put more
discreetly. It Is
said that the sub
ject Is too tech
nical for public
discussion" or
that national Sc
curity" requires
that the public
be kept in the
dark, even on dis
cussions of broad
policy or that
the steps that
need to be con-
sidered are such
strong meat that
all these matters
must be withheld
from the public.
Evening star., 1947-09-23
9. Does dew falls-J. L. G.
Partnership

"She had q green thumb" 80 her netghbors
said,
"Just let her hands prepare lodn,y bed
And place In 1t a plant or tiny seed
And it ponld oro,r and thrive IKE any
Deed
She ,uos modest Uonran, ptth no claim,
10 great accomplishment or Uenlth or
fame"
Ind net, 1ho could be greater than the
one
Who vorksf utth God and rctn and Utnd
and sun1 ANNA NJ PRHeTLEY.
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Atomic Energy Is Your Business
Llienthal Urges Public knowledge and Direction of the
Great Changes Now in the Making

fIhe following article Is condensation Of the
United States Atomic Energy Commission delivered
last night before q community meeting in Craw-
fordsvile, ndD -
There Is growing tendency in some quarters
to act as If atomic energy were none of the
American public's business.
1t isn't said in Just those words, of course
Evening star., 1947-09-23

use of synthetics is that it means the main
tenance of an active synthetic rubber in
dustry in this country. Such an industry
is as essential from the national security
standpoint as airplane or munitions plants.
With such facilities available and in opera
ton, the United States no longer will be
dependent on outside sources of supply for
this vital material
Evening star., 1947-09-23
By THE HAsKN SERVICE.

@. What is the origin of the presidential
veto?-S. T. E.
A. The Roman tribunes elected by the people
halted the execution of certain laws from
which the people needed protection by simply
saying veto" which meant Il forbid" This
power was later applied to all laws.
O. How does the consumption OF petroleum
in the United States compare with that In
other countries?-B. T. 8.
A. According to the Additional Report Of
the Special Committee Investigating the Ma
tional Defense Program 1944), THE average
American consumes 80 times as much petro-
leum as the world average-six times as much
as the average for the United Kingdom and
nine times as much as the average for Russia
Q. What is stoneboat?-N. T. W.
A. A stoneboat Is not boat, but q fat, run
nerless sledge or drag for transporting stones,
or when weighted for smoothing titled soil.
@. From what country did the grapefruit
cone?-E r. p
A. The grapefruit Is native Of Polynesia
and the Malay Archipelaso, where it has long
been cultivated. It became known IN the
United States about 1880, when II was I'M
ported from the West Indies.
Q. Does Princess Elizabeth drive An auto
mobile?-L. G. p
A. Princess Elizabeth has her own car and
drives 1t.
q. What has happened TO the French penal
colony Of Devils Island7--s. r. @.
A. Banishment to this colony ended In 1888
but the war prevented the return Of those
who had served their tarms. Men serving
long terms or for life are being moved to
French prisons. It II hoped that this will bs
finished by the end Of the year.
9. Does dew falls-J. L. G.
A. Dew does not fall. II 10 produced by the
condensation of watery vspor from the at
mosphere The deposit Of dew IL caused by
the coolness Of the bodies bedewed. and this
takes place in consequence Of the radiation
OF heat into open space without any equivalent
return.
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Questions and Answers

A reader can get ths answer to any question OF
fact by writing The Evening Star Information
Bureau, 316 Eye street NE. Washington 2, D. Q.
plsase inciose 8 cents for return postage
Evening star., 1947-09-23

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,Driter, although it is permissible for
,Driter kno,Dn to The Star to use a
nom de plume. Please be brfet.
Evening star., 1947-09-23

On Bankrupting the United States
To the Editor Of The Star:
Are we to bankrupt the United States to save
Europe?
understand Congress Will likely be called
soon to pass legislation to raise funds to buy
food to pass along to Europe to head of COM
munism. What assurance have we that 1t viii
prevent communism, at home or abroad7 We
are inviting communism at home when We tax
Evening star., 1947-09-23
Letters to The Star
Reason for Cashins Bonds

NeaSOn 1Of OaSn1ng DOnuS
To the Editor of The Star: ..
Veterans have been advised to hold their leave
bonds for various reasons but there Is another
side to this question.
If billion dollars in leave bonds are cashed
by the veterans, the national debt is reduced
one billion dollars; the Treasury surplus is re-
duced one billion dollars, and there is a billion
dollars less justification for any statesman who
wants to reduce taxes with one hand and COL
lect campaign contributions with the other.
BY the way, was there ever another business
in the world that wanted to reduce its income
before 1t reduced it's debt?
CHARLES L. LADSON
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12

try into totalitarian servitude." And
he added:
apprehension about Soviet inten-
lions lies heavily on France two
thirds of the Continent is now domi-
mated by Moscow . this state of af-
fair sooner or later threatens to i'm
peril our own freedom and indepen-
dence."
For the first time during his strange
ly harassed career since the war end.
ed the French press generally has found
reason to report General de Gaulle's
Rennes speech prominently. If this
serves it's proper purpose the French
people will not be slow to recognize 6
national hazard toward which they
have shown Indifference and do some
thing to break the increasing strangle.
hold Moscow has been fastening upon
them.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12
DeGaulle Blasts Reds

It has not been possible to agree
with many propositions advanced by
General Charles de Gaulle, but he de-
serves highest praise for the anti-com-
munistic position he took in a recent
speech at Rennes. The sense of his
remarks, as reported from Paris, is that
communist leaders in France are at the
beck and call of the Kremlin and seek
to set up a dictatorship which would
make that country "the enslaved auxi-
liary" of the Soviet Union. v
He said that the communists wow
!. ed obedience to a foreign scheme OF
ID 'ation directed by a great SlaN
power. Their aim is to force u coun-
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12

Ludwig van Beethoven was
another in the long procession Of
young, struggling musicians who
came TO Vienna to seek fame and
fortune. In 1892, when Beethoven
left his little village Of Bonn, he
was a short, heavily built lad of
twenty-five. . .unkempt and decid-
edly unprepossessing in appear
ance. He had an aggressive self
confidence that vas by no means
merely protective pose. This was
no shy country lad. overawed by
the splendor and magnificence of
a great city and by the wealth and
poWer of those who ruled its poiiti-
cal and social life.
From his aristocratic admirers
in Bonn. young Beethoven had
been supplied with letters of in
PRODUCTION 10 wealthy patrons in
the Austrian capital. They quickly
recognized the genius that lay be-
hind the uncouth manners of the
peasant youth. Beethoven's talent
opened the doors of the most ex-
elusive homes. The patronage sys-
tenn still existed at the time Bee
thoven arrived in Vienna. How
ever, the economic foundations of
the system were changing. A con-
stantly expanding group Of must
cal consumers was transforming
the entire aspect of musical life.
A large middle-class audience was
developing which demanded on
certs outside the court salon.
Young Beethoven fascinated
everyone by his dynamic person
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12
Highway Map Incomplete

The map of the great interstate
super-highway system, which is intend
&c to provide 1851 miles of the finest
possible conditions for motor vehicle
travel, shows the coastal area of North
Carolina has not been considered OF
aufficient importance to get recognl-
ton.
In fact there is no link between
Norfolk anu Charleston, although north
@ Norfolk and south Of Charleston the
J 'antic seaboard is to be an integral
palt of the system.
North Carolina is to have 70s miles
all inland. The routes are: Green's
to Charlotte to Spartenburg, S.
c.; to Asheville to Knoxville, Tenn. :
a~' Asheville to Statesville to Winston
S. en- to Greensboro to Richmond, Va.
The route from Richmond to Jack
sonville, Fla, which in all reason should
follow the coast line, is to be routed
through Smithfield and Fayetteville.
It is to be considered that the sys-
tenn is supposedly designed to serve
al types of rotor travel-business,
trucking, pleasure and sports. How is
it possible to think that these purposes
can be served with so large a section
of the coastal region omitted?
If there were no other claim for
recognition the North Carolina sea-
board is so important as a resort and
fishing area that it deserves inclusion.
Whether the final decision has been
reached or not, the North Carolina
congressional delegation ought to go
to work during the present recess on
the Feders' Works Agency, which has
the system in charge, in an earnest ef-
fort to have the master plan revised to
include Highway No. II, which traver.
ses the coastal area of both North and
South Carolina.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12
The Recent Congress

When President Truman blasted
the recent Congress for failure to
go along with him, particularly on
the budget, the Star reviewed the
position of newspapers IN its ex-
change table to see if the editors
agreed or disagreed with MI.
Truman. The survey revealed that
for the most part, regardless Of
the political Faith of the editors,
the first session of the Both. Con
gress was appraised az having
failed to make good most of the
pledges the republican majority
made when it swept into the Capt.
toll.
For example, the Greensboro
Record noted: THE first session
Of the 80th. Congress cannot right
ly be called a do-nothing session,
though it did fail to act or a,
number of pressing issues 1t
turned statistical, citing that 1900
bills and resolutions we're con-
sidered, Of which the House pass
ed LOO and the Senate 100. The
President, added the Record, sign
ed more than 300 bills and vetoed
ten. But of the new laws passed
only ten or twelve appear to be
of major Importance"
1T is a compliment to the dem
ocratic President and to republi-
can congressional leaders," the
Record continues, that there was
such a large measure of bi-parti-
san cooperation between the
executive and the legislature. .
The Congress did not get into a
deadlock comparable to the stale
mates which developed under
Presidents Taft. Wilson and
Hoover, when the party to which
the President belonged lost control
of Congress"
actually, whether one approves
the specific acts or not, the Con-
gress has done a great DEAL said
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-08-12
Star Program

State ports with Wilmington favored
in proportion with It's resource'' 70 ~.
cl,de nublic terminals, tobacco Storage
warehouses. nip repair facllltles' rear.
hv sites for heavy industry and ao4oo'
Cane Fear river channel.
CITY auditorium large enough TO mees
needs for years to come.
development Of Southeastern Nortn
Carolina agricultural and industrial ts,
sources through better markets ana 1000
processing, pulp wood production ano
factories.
Emphasis on the regions recreation
ADVANTAGES and improvement OF resort
accommodations
Improvement Of Southeastern North
..arolinas farm-to-market and primary
Dads. with a paved highway from Top
all inlet to Bald Head island.
Continued effort through the Clty's IN
~,us.rial Agency to attract more III
:ustrieS.
proper utilization Of Bluethenthaf air
;,rt for expanding air service.
development Of Southeastern Nortn
.arolina's health facilities. especially IN
.ounties lacking hospitals. n inciuo-
70 4 Negro Health center. .
Encour cement Of the growth OF COM
>rcial fishing.
Consolidation Of City and County gov
%arnnaents.