davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

caused Mr.. Truman any great men
tai anguish.
Until now there IL no record
that the systematic oppression Of
the Negro minority In America
about thirteen million Of them
has provoked Mr.. Truman TO one Of
his periodic outbursts of righteous
oratory.
"It IL no secret that the Afro
American In America has three
strikes against him from the day
he Is born. In that citadel Of demOc-
racy, land Of the brave and Of the
free. the Negro, according TO the
Constitution Of the United States,
is the white mans equal in fran
chise and HbeTty-until he tries 20
get into some hotels or cast his
vote in some Southern states.
when he Ia needed for the Olym-
pic games or for war, he Is a full
hedged citizen, a dearly beloved
equal, and a 100 per cent American.
Al other times. he Is just plain
n---r, an outeast to be avoided
and summed.
"In the Solid South specially, and
In some parts Of the enlightened
North, the tar baby Is an American
citizen provided he Is a good
n----r who knows his place and
doesn't insist upon staying in the
same hotels with the white folks
and coming into the dining room
to eat with them.
IF he will submit TO segregation
when II IL demanded and use the
basement entrance, he Is a good
1T, who IL welcome-at q
distance. Filipinos have run up
against the same racial intolerance
and | can understand something Of
the Negroes hsart-aehes.
at would be interesting to know
what the Russian reaction Is TO
all these unetuous talks Of free
dom and democracy by Mr.. Tru-
man. II I were Stain. I'D tell Mr..
Truman: Look, chum, people who
live in tin houses shouldn't throw
can-opensrs Aroundp"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
Project for Children
Beginning on July Z

Registrations are being accepted
for vacations Of Negro children,
ages o to II, 10 be spent in white
homes throughout the state, begin
ming July 7.
Parents who are willing for their
children to have such an expert
snes are requested to call any pas
tor Of the Minneapolis Ministers
Alliance or Rev. Chas. T. Parker,
president BR, BST6.
The intSrrAcial project Is being
sponsored by the ministers.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
CARD or THANKS

We wish % express our sincere thanks
and appreciation 10 Rev. Floyd Massey, JF.,
the senior choir OF Pilgrim Baptist church
and To all our friends and neighbour. for
their SKprsasions during our bereavement
upon the passing OF our husband and father.
Joseph 5. Harris.
Sincerely. Mrs. y. Harris and Family.
g2B Marion 81.
IN MEMORIAM
In loving remembrance Of our dear
mother, DsiiliAh Cobb. who departed this
life July 4, lSAS,
A loving mother, true and kind.
What beautiful memory she left benin
Upright and beautiful in all her ways:
Wonderful character to the end Of her
days.
Mr. T. b. Warren. Mrs. Carlos Mendoza.
and Mrs. Ida Mae Collins. daughters
IN MEMORIAM
In memory Of my beloved wife. SAmuellR
LAFaucstts, who passed July 3, lS46.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

directing metropolitan LIE inauf-
AncS Co. and liz wholly-owned sub
sidiary, stuyvsSant Town Corpora
ton, 70 show cause why q prslim-
mary injunction should not be L.
sued forbiddinR racial diSerimina-
ton In Stuyvssant Town. The Or
der IL rsturnabls July I, i947.
Vets Bring Suit
The first suit wps brought by
three Negro war veterans against
stuyvesant Town. The second IL q
taxpayer suit brought by Bhad
Poiier, Vice President Of the Amer
lean Jewish Congress, against the
City Of New York, TO prevent the
City from granting tan exemption
10 stuyvssant Town ~ long ~ II
diseriminates against Negroes. The
taxes saved amount 10 about fifty
million dollars over n period Of
twenty-five years.
The three Negro veteran plain
tits areI
I. Captain Joseph Dorsey who
lives with his family In q con-
dsmnSd tenement At 0 w. IO8 81.
He holds nm NJ. A. degree from
Western Reserve; served In the
army for four and q half years and
IL now employed as supervisor Of
case work for the probation de-
paTtmsnt Of the Court OF General
Sessions.
2. Captain Monroe Downing, 270
Convent Ave-, who IL employed aS
Senior Employment Manager Of the
New York Stats Employment
Service.
Q. Calvin 8, Harper, 1897 Pauld-
Ing Ave-, Bronx, q disabled war vet
eran who In forced 10 travel three
hours q day 10 and from his en-
ploymsnt In Manhattan. lie served
overseas for eighteen months and
was honoTably discharged with the
rank Of Technical Sergeant.
The Negro plaintiffs have been
interviewed by the StuyVeBRnt
Town authorities for apartments,
they state In their AfhdhVits. These
interviews, however, do not mean
that Stuyveaant Town has changed
lta policy Of discrimination a. sum.
married In q letter dated June 20,
lp4g, 20 Clifford Foster Of the
American civil Liberties Union
and signed by Mr.. George Cove,
Executive Vice President Of Stuyvs-
SAINT Town. The letter stated
"In conformity with public
announcement made when the
plans fOg atuyvsaaRt Town were
arut formulated In cooperation
with the City, prOvlnlon has not
been made for occupancy by Ne
gro families"
An affidavit submitted by shAd
Polier states that Mr.. Cove told
him that Negroes were being In
tsrvlewSd and investigated ~ 10
their qualifications and background
In case the policy Of excluding Ne
grosa was modified at some future
time but that no such change was
contemplated at present
Charles Abrams, noted housing
authority, has been retained BY the
plaintiffs 40 Attorney of Record.
He will be assisted by Thurwood
Marshall, general counsel Of the
NAACP, and WIN MASlOw, general
counsel Of the AJC,
ShoHld Pay TAHsa
Mr.. Abrams complaint contends
that because Of the granting Of tax
exemption. the csdlng Of streets
by the City 10 stuyvSsRnt and the
exercise Of power Of eminent do
main 10 condemn private property
for StuyVoaant Town. therefore.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

Rabies 10 . ysaT-round problem.
But rabies may be worse In the
summer months because dogs are
running about more With The I'm.
pgoVsment IN Vaeeines In recent
years, livestock sanitary authorities
last year put their stamp Of approx.
Al on vaccination They emphasize.
however. that Vacclnes DO not give
fun control that other centred
measures are still important-ssps.
eiaIly rounding up stray dogs.
Rabies takes . big toll Of human
and animal life every year.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
RAP WNcHEIL AND HEcHT
Filipino Press Gives COverage
To British Attack On u. s.;
Cites Treatment of Negroes

MANILA July l(NNPA) Of eooed people In the
United States Is being played up Philippine newspapers
One dispatch from London, played in the Philippine Liberty
the British press attacking Ben Heeh American
playwright Winche York eoumnist that
they ynchng Of Willie Earle South Carolina before
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
VISITORS

Visitors to the 81. Paul office Of
this Newspaper this week included
Frank Schins, $40 Sc. Anthony
Ave: Mrs. Emily Harris, s2S Ma
riOn ST.; Miss Marjorie BlAksy,
Cedar Rapids, Ia.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE HIT:
American Jewish Congress
Joins NAACP In Suits
Against Housing Bans

NEW YORK CITY.-Two legal actions to end Stuyvesant
Towns announced policy Of discrimination against Negroes
begun yesterday hursday) under the joint auspices
of the American Jewish Congress and the National AssOca
ton for the Advancement of ColOred People
Supreme Court Justice Samuel Null signed an order
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
CARD or THANKR

We wish 70 aEtsnd cur bslatsd thanks
and appreciation TO thass frisnda. nalKhbor1
and Otbsrs Who By wOrd o. deed eonsOlsd
brother. Cornelius Wilson. who died Ma
Is, 1871.
Our special thanks 10 thoss Who amt
h0wsrS Rnd participated In the funeral Gsr-
vices.
Iona wilson ThOmpsOn. Sister,
George. Cicero. Joseph and Orlando WI
son. Brothers.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
Publishers Ask News
Guild 10 Help Open
Press Jobs 10 Negroes


NORFOLK -- Negro Newspaper
Publishers have called on the Amer
lean Newspaper Guild to insist on
the inclusion In all itS future con-
tracts Of q clause foTbiddinR en-
ploysrS 10 discriminate against or
deny employment 10 any person on
account Of race, Or color.
This request was contained In a
resolution adopted by the publish
ers At their annual convention at
Detroit, June 1921. Text Of the
resolution was tslsgTaphed on June
% 70 Milton Murray, president Of
the American Newspaper Guild,
during it's annual convention In
Sioux City. Iowa, by Thomas W.
Young, president Of the Negro
Newspaper Publishers Association.
No reply had been received up 70
Friday Of last week, nor had the
publishers been advised Of any ac-
ton taken by the Guild.
American Newspaper Guild Of
iciAls and members often have OK.
pressed great interest In and con.
eern for the welfare Of Negro
workers In the Newspaper indus
try" the resolution read. IL cited
In addition the fact that Guild con.
tracts with Newspaper publishers
undertake 20 regulate most phases
Of the relationship between en-
ployees and the employer.
Ernest Parker Dead;
Was Native Of st.
Paul; Was Musician
Ernest Parker, SO years old, died
Tuesday. June "a, at Minneapolis
General hospital Mr.. Parker was
born in 81. Paul and before his III.
ness was employed at Miller Dress
shop In Minneapolis.
Surviving are his wife, Florence;
son, Ernest Parker, Jr.. Of Detroit,
Mich, and a brother. Elwood Will
liamS Of st. Paul. Ernest Parker
IL the son Of tho late Herbert
Parker and n member Of the Mu-
sieiRn'S union Of Minneapolis.
Funeral services were held Fri.
day, June "a, 2 .. M, at Meals
funeral chapel in Minneapolis, with
Rev. Ashford officiating. Burial In
Crystal Lake cemetery.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
Page 2, MinnsapOli. sPoKEsMANFrduy, July T. 1SG7
TRUE APOeTOLIC CHURCH MOTIFS

True APOSTOLIC CHURCH NOTES
The spirit Was high and serVteGa B0on
all day Sunday. Jans "a, At True ADOstoile
Assembly. Tbs Sunday school had well
taught lssson and regular Attendance. Ihs
pastor preached 1T both services. God
Everlasting Love- WAs the subject al the
sermon IN the morning from JeF. 81 ~ A.
the evening service. Go Forward Was the
subjset used bassd on Exodus Nilb. Tbs
$50 Young Peoples nesting WHs well en-
jOyed.
Registered visItor was Mrs. John Carter
Of Minneapolis. The prayer band ssrVies
Ia AZ your disposal aRd will cons 10 your
home Call BR- SOS, Elder A. Robinson,
who 10 up and out again after four weeks
ilnasa.
ST. James ChaTch News Continuing the
EVanEsltstie services being conducted b.
Rev. Edith B. Williams for the past week,
Rev. Williams Spoks from tbs SubJset
The Christians Challenge" Among the
VtsitOrs NoFshippinG At the morning ssry-
Arthur Smith, jams Wolfe, Esther Bark
sF, EisaB0r ktEssl. Mr.. and Mrs. J. n.
Phillips members Of the Cooperative Work
Camp AZ HALLE q. Brown. Mrs. b. l..
ATmstrong. Donald Lewis. Vera Lewis,
Mr.. and Mrs. Vincil Clay. daughter Of the
Garcia Of Chicago. III.
Rev. Williams vas the SPEAKER for the
Charlss Jacob Missionary Silver Tea" At
I D. m, with Bradford Bsnnsr a. sol0ist.
The Fourth Quarterly Communion will
BE- observed at 81. james. July 9Th, At
. .. m. Quarterly Conference will be held,
Tuesday. July sth, at 500 .. m. All clubs
end nuxilinTi9a are expected to make their
9Th quarter report At this time. On Mon
day. July 7, $50 p m. A special general
church meeting will be held At which time
business pertaining 20 the acceptance Of
the building plans will Be- discussed. July
20 has been set apart - Mems Day" Mr..
Lester Boyd u chairman. Mr.. Rufus Boyd.
co-chAiTmah. Ths tentative date set foe
W0mrnH Day Il August 10. with Mrs.
Mabel HATTiB ~ chairman.
Among the members Of st. James who
are III are Mrs. Alice MRyes, Mrs.. Lucy
Green. Mrs. Edith Settle. Mrs., Gertrude q.
Jones, Mrs. Cudsllua Jackson. Mrs. Anna
belle Bland. Nelson BalehEsr and Pred
Williams.
Rev. William Y. Guy. prssidinE elder Of
the 81. Paul district, will bring the mes
sage 1t the morning service July 9. A
cordial welcome 70 all 10 worship At the
morning service a. well a. the Communion
service At . y. NIB, l.. King.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

We wish 70 extend our hsaFtfslt thanh
10 our nsiEhbors and friends for thsir Mad
consideration during the nlnsas Of our loved
one, BsatFies y. Boiling. and for their dSeds
Of kindness. eOnsOlinE messages and bsauti-
ful h0ral offerings during cur bereavement
At her death.
(SiEnsd)
n. A. Boiling Husband,
and Family,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

IN MEMORIAM
In loving memory Of our dear mother
and grandmother. Mrs. EliEabsth Hunter
who passed away four years ago. June u.s.
l9A3.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

In our hSaFn yOaR manaorY hnsSrS,
sWSsRly. tender. Kind and true.
ThSFe b not . day. dear mother,
That 80 10 not THAI Of you.
But again Ws hope 20 sssst you,
When the days Of life have aed
ThsrN In haaVsA with JOY greet you,
where no farewell tears are she'd.
Mrs.. Phillip Hall daughter
". v Hunter. son
Mrs. Geo. Manning. granddaughter
Leonard Green. ErARdaon
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

have a
Mrs. J
81
Mrs. 4
a twel
Mrs.
Ave. s
her mo
and he1
kAr Of
stayed
aunts,
fie HaT
visit II
weeks
MIR.
Marsha
Mich,
week I
Sr.. 36t
aunt, N
20, car
brother
sister,
Fifth 4
MIR.
26lI II
dinner
honor {
cia of
Mr..
Sr.. llq
twenty
sary, \
Mrs.
Fourth
vile, 4
Hatche
Mr..
3747 r
ing tri
pany OF
ard an
urday,
Mr..
Sr., 81.
23rd w
June 81
Mrs.
fellow,
home /
be out
Trip
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04
Larger Farms

Larger Farms
Today the average farm IN the
United States Is 50 acres larger than
u vas q quarter Of q century ago.
More than 50 per cent Of the farm
land In the country 10 In farms Of
500 acres or more.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-07-04

Mr.. Abrams complaint contends
that because Of the granting Of tax
exemption. the csdlnG Of streets
by the City 10 stuyvSsAnt and the
exercise Of power Of eminent do
main TO condemn private property
for stuyVssant Town, therefore.
The Valley settler., 1947-08-28

FosPTTAL NOTES
Ms. Forrest, former manager at the DOrmi-
tory, vas admitted to the hospital on the
18th for treatment of carbuncle and for
rest.
like Koran from Bristol Bay vas admitted
IT iday for treatment. Eo was able to leave
tuesday.
Mrs. ~inogarner who woe confined to the
hosp ital with pneumonia vas able to 60
hone Tuesday.
Nise ~ostaby and Miss Clark are lowing
nv nj ane for the Statos today.
At.s4* Xxx ~ ~ H<*sE'*EaS
CARD OF TENKs
I would like to c 7rpress my sincere thanks
and apnrocia ion to the people Of the Vale;
and to the Legion Post and Mlxili ary for !,
their financial assistance in sending Mrs.
Campbell outside for medical care.
Harry n. Campbell
+.kA,H.s ;s<Hs#@ssS.S'
There is this difference Between those two
TEMPORAL bless ings, health nd money: Mon
CIV s the most onviod, but the Least en-
joyod; health is the most enjoyed, but the
least onviod: and this s1.E Oriority Of the
lat or is still more obvious vhon we re-
sloct that the poorest nan WOULD not part
r it'll heal III for money, BUT that the rich
est rould gladly part With all their money
1or health. Cotton.
Health consists in temp ranco alone.
--Pono.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
LAWYER DIES

GREENSBORO. March 8-U.p-
Funeral rites will be held tomor-
row for Sidney ]. Stern. Jr.. Ct.
Greensboro lawyer who died at
his home last night after a long
illness.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
BY OTIS
Staff Writer

Fol Sentlmental reasons is
the argument voiced by Whining
tonians for the restoration and re-
pair of historically romantic Tha-
liam hall.
Today the hall with its battered
balcony and plaster free spots is
hardly appropriately reminiscent
of its glorious past when Broad
way hits and stars frequently ap-
peared upon its stage before ca
pacity crowds.
At the Feb. 26 city council
meeting. a motion was passed for
the purpose of investigating res
toration possibilities of the hall.
The motion as made by Council
man ]. E. L. Wade specified that
the engineering department be d.
ERECTED to start an investigation
and to make a survey of ITALIAN
hall for the purpose of its restora-
ton.
Wades motion further stated
''that we might give it back to
the fine people of a fine commun-
ity.
The hall had been used contin-
Iuously for ITALIAN plays and other
entertainment since its construc-
ton in 1855 until it was condemn
ed in May of last year. At the
time the building was condemned.
plans were being made to install
new seats. according to Edmund
Rogers, ITALIAN building man
ager.
Thalians, which has the distinc-
ton of being the first little theateI
group in the United States, was
actually begun even before the
Revolutionary war. In addition t,
its own productions, the group has
been responsible for bringing
many celebrated opera stars,
plays and other entertainments to
Wilmington.
Ben Hur," complete with char
lots, was staged in ITALIAN hall
before an appreciative audience
which overlooked into the lobby
and outside the doors. Wade re
called that many times the 9l2
seats were filled with spectators
still crowding around.
Among outstanding perform
ances were the Al Fields min
strels and "Babes in Toyland.
With its two balconies, the hall
accommodates a large number al
though it is not long. The acous-
tics are next to those of Camellia
hall in New York, according to
Wade.
ITALIAN hall had its place in the
war effort too, as Rogers pointed
out when he reviewed the Camp
Davis activities held there. Box
ing and wrestling matches were
conducted as well as mass meet
ings for army instruction.
When the hall was renovated by
the Italians in 1912, the cost was
So, 900, according to Rogers. An
estimate of $500. 900 for the re-
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
Five Perish As Fire
Sweeps Through Home

QUITMAN, Ga, March 8.-U.H-
Five persons were burned to death
and a sixth was seriously injured
when fire destroyed an apartment
in Morgan Mills village here.
The victims were Mrs. Buford
Mullis and four of her children
ranging in age from two months to
nine years. The fire was believed
caused by a kerosene explosion
when Mrs. Mullis tried to start a
fire. Her husband was at work al
the Morgan mills at time of the
tragedy.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09

ness of an American war veteran
in his search for a place to live.
AS is well known, the United
States, as most other countries
is suffering from a serious hous
ing shortage. :.
On Long Island, in New York
state. there + a number 0
abandoned railroad branch lines
Our bright veteran has surveyed
the available plots" and foune
himself a coy railroad station
built of red bricks. He then leasee
the empty building FOR a song
Within a short time. the abandon
ed station was transformed into {
cozy house, consisting of a bed
room, living room, kitchen ant
bath.
Cor listeners who missed tn,
beginning of the program, thu
more important items are here
repeated briefly.)
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
Once Glorious Theatre
Slowly Crumbling Away

pairs needed at present has been
quoted, but Wade said that he be.
Ilieved it would cost less than SO,
900 to restore the hall to the pub.
lie use.
Sentimental citizens of the city,
who have much respect for the
historical significance of the ole
ITALIAN hall. would perhaps pre-.
fer to see the city expend any
amount on the reconstruction thar
o have the once glorious theater
slowly crumble in ruins.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
States reserves the right to keep
military bases for defense.

Lake Success - The delegate
from the United States, Ware:
Austin, yesterday introduced 9
proposal in the Security Council
Of the United Nations to return
the question of atomic energy con
troll back to the Atomic Energy
Committee.
The American proposal offers to
the &C 1mittee a suggestion to SET
lie existing differences of opinion
and to prepare a treaty on the
control of atomic energy. The Sc
curity Council put off delibera,
tons on this proposal until Fri
day, in orde- to give delegates a
chance to acquaint themselves
with the terms of the proposal. .
New York Herald Tribune today
| carries a story on the inventive
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
Ugly Eczema
No Joke

The itching torment of eczema is
enough to make anyone wretched
and anxious for relief. If you suf-
Ifer from the itching of eczema.
pimples. angry red blotches and
other irritating blemishes, get
Peterson's Ointment. 35c all drug
gists. If one application does not
delight you. money refunded.
Peterson's Ointment also wonder
full for itching feet, cracks be-
tween foes
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09

New York Herald Tribune today
carries a story on the inventive
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-09
WHAT THE U. S.
TELLS RUSSIA
Here Is What America
Hour-Long Broadcast
To USSR Consists Of

WASHINGTON, March g. Up
Since Feb. II the U. S. State De-
partnent has been broadcastlng
news. music and features to Rus
STA for an hour a day.
Following is a condensation OF
q typical days script. The State
Department points out that the
original vas written in Russian
ard that the digested script is "as
close as possible to a literal trans
lation."
NARRATOR:
Listen!.
Listen!
New York speaking.
You are listening to the broad
cast of The Voice of the United
States"
Musical theme and instructions
on when and how to tune pro-
gram i'm
Narrator: Beginning gu r
broadcast today you will hear .
review of the news OF the day. A
short program of serious music
follows, featuring a piano duet by
Appleton and Field. Afterwards
we will offer a short critical re-
view Of the new novel THE Way
ward Bus" by the well : known
American writer John Steinbech.
After this review you will hear
our daily program of light dane
ing music and at the end OF the
broadcast there will be z scienti-
fic feature covering two papers in
the field of geology and paleon-
tology read at the two h%undredth
anniversary of Princeton Univer-
sity.
(The news report is condensed
here, enough being given 10 indl-
cate the general tone.)
LONDON - After six weeks Ct
intensive work, the deputies of the
Big Four foreign ministers vester-
day completed preliminary work
on the peace treaties for Germany
and Austria. 10 be formulated al
the coming Moscow conference.
The question of participation by
small nations in the writing of the
German peace treaty is still IN
resolved.
The greatest unanimity was
reached in the preparation of Aus
trian peace terms. However. even
here, full agreement was moi
reached on the questions Of Ger
man property in Austria, on Aus
trials borders and on the order OF
prosecution of war criminals.
Lake Success as mentioned
yesterday. the Soviet government"
handed Secretary Of State Mar
shall of the United States a note
In which it expressed its agree
ment with the American point OF
view on the trusteeship over Pa
clfic islands taken from Japan.
Today, the delegate of the United
States officially submitted to the
Security Council of the United
Nations, a proposal for American
t~rusteeship over these islands.
The United States undertakes to
aid the economic, social and edu-
catlonal growth of the population
OF the islands. and guarantee.
tnelr inhabitants full freedom O.
speech, press. assembly. religion
and transportation. The United