davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

the company zoo IeInale EN-
ployes, 712-cents premium
pay for second shift employ
es and 10.cents for third shift
Vacation pay was included In
the contract. Vacation payments
will be based upon overtime
shift premium pay and incentive
bonus earnings.
Additional features of the new
contract call for two hours time
off with pay to enable employees
to vote in national elections and
six paid holidays for all en-
ployes.
Other Contract Clauses
Other clauses in the contract
include union shop with check.
off, union approval of bids, pro.
motions recalls and disciplinary
measures.
Contract negotiations for the
union were in charge of the
Local unions committee consist.
ing of William Everly, chairman,
William Darneli, Larry May
Kirl Moreland and Dale Nichols.
Edward J. Duck, International
IUAW-CIO representative took
part in all negotiations.
Other Raises Given
Other regional wage increases
were reported as follows:
Local 11O, Defiance: scents
for $50 employees of the Lynch
Mfg. Co.; improved vacation
clause. Retroactive to Feb. 8.
Local 639, WauseOn: 7b-
cents for $50 employees of the
M Cord Corp. retroactive to
March II and improved vaca-
ton plan.
Local 925, Delta: 10-cents for
IS employees of the Square Deal
Body Co., retroactive to Feb. /.
The Defiance, Wauseon and
Delta contracts were negotiated
by Harold Kobe, International
UAW-CIO representative.
Piqua Raise Reported
Local 643, Piqua: 6-cents for
400 employees of the Meteor Mo-
tor Co., retroactive to March 3.
Vacation pay in the Piqua
plant will be paid on gross earn
ingS rather than on straight
hourly earnings as was formerly
the practice. OrVille Beemer.
international UAW-CIO repre-
sentative, was in charge of ne
gotiations.
Remington Arms Co., Find
lay: 10 per cent paid in two in
stallments since February, the
last increase was granted last
week. Six paid holidays. Nego-
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
TING Elects
New Heads

Roscoe Treier, of the Toledo
Blade editorial staff was elected
chairman of the Blade Unit of
the Toledo Newspaper Guild at
the annual Unit election held
last week, it was announced on
Monday by Eleanore Coakley,
Guild president.
Treier who covers the labor
beat for the evening newspaper
has been employed at the Blade
since 1943. He is also an expert
on gardening and conducts the
newspapers garden department.
Also elected by the Blade
were William Hanlen, treasurer;
Helen Orcutt, secretary and
John Branshaw, recorder.
Clapp Is Named
Elected by the Times Unit
as chairman was Robert Clapp,
Times editorial staff. Delight
Rush was chosen recorder.
Norval Ayers, Toledo Times
editorial staff member, and
chairman of the Guilds bar
gaining committee during recent
contract negotiations was elect
ed chairman of the grievance
committee.
Miss Cookly announced that
office space had been engaged
in the Toledo Industrial Union
Council headquarters building,
Gil Huron st. and that plans
were made to move the Guilds
records in the near future. Of
flee hours will be announced as
soon as the office has been es-
tablished, she said.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Telegraph Strike Looms

NEW YORK (LPA) - Nego-
tiations between the CONNER
cial Telegraphers Union-AFL
and Western Union were stale
mated last week despite gov-
ernment Cancellation efforts.
The CTU, with $4,000 men,
bers, filed strike notices with
the Labor Department after the
company refused ito bulge an
inch" on the unions demand
for a 25c increase, according to
a union official. A strike may
be called any time after May 8.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Ford 500
Reflects Thompson

DETROIT (LPA)-The Com
munist-supported slate of Of
ficers for the worlds largest
union local-Ford Local 900 of
the United Auto Workers-CIO
won almost all of the con-
tested offices in elections which
ended last week. Th ON a S
Thompson, CP-backed candidate
for president, was victorious
over Mike Magee by a vote of
20,075 to 6916. There will be a
runoff between rival candidates
for Secretary-treasurer.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

partment to study how grou
of manufacturers could coTnbi
to cut prices without VIOLATE
antitrust laws; 81 profits ha
been very great in the last thr
quarters of 1916 and the fiji
quarter of 1947; A. labor W
be justified in asking high
wages unless the cost of livi
down. Truman express
disapproval of buyers strikes
of taxing away excess prof
Paint Black Picture
The Economic Advisors
to have painted
very black picture of the de
gers of the current high pric
Both AFL and CIO have be
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Labor Gains Endangered By
Shocking Anti-Labor Bills
Taft-HartIey Omnibus Bill
Would Wreck All Union Gains

WASHINGTON, April 15-While Republican members
of the House Labor Committee attempted today defend
their union regulatory" bill attempt free" the
workers of America from "a tyranny despotc than
one could think possible in free country" CIO labor
leaders met devise ways and of combating
the vicious TafHartey legislation which would admittedly
wreck organized labor.
Labors alarm warnings during the past two months
were proved to be crying of wolf Liberals and pro-
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Record Billions
Fer Advertising

NEW YORK, April 16 (LPA'
u. S. business poured lavish
billions into advertising las
year and set all-time records il
expenditures for n wspap
space and radio time.
The total advertising bill wa
SO, 100000, exceeding tn
1945 figure by $500,000,00t
Newspapers pocketed 1868, 300
900 while net time sales c
radio broadcasting amounted t
S325,890,000 for a new recor
and a 7.2fo jump over 1914.
Magazines accounted for $3.50
400,000 or nearly 14% of tn
total.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Young Replaces Stack

New York (LPA)-The ma
tional council of the National
Maritime Union -CIO last week
picked Chester Young, a sup
porter of Joseph Stack, to re-
place Stack as union vice-presi-
dent. The vote was 8 to 2 with
6 abstaining. Stack was removed
from office at a membership
meeting after NMU president
Joe Curran charged him with
being Communist, "malfeas-
ance, and conduct unbecoming
an officer of the union"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

gressives outside of the labor
movement were frankly
shocked by the wholesale at
tack on labor rights and the at
tempt to nullify the gains made
over the past 100 years.
Labor expected vicious bill
from the House committee,
which is loaded 20 to 8 against
unionism. 1t did not expect the
sweeping union-crippling legis-
lation asked by Sen. Robert
Taft (R., Ohio, which goes far
beyond wrecking of the Wagner
Act.
Tentative Bills
For the time being both bills
are tentative. Taft's 62-page
omnibus bill was printed and
titled Tentative Only - Not
Approved by the Committee. I"
But the House bill, even before
it was fully approved by the
committee, was okayed by the
House Republican Steering
Committee, which means that it
will have relatively clear sailing
in the COP majority once it
reaches the House floor for
debate.
Taft said that MS Dill, which
he claimed was backed by seven
of the committees Is members,
will be submitted for committee
vote, but he was confident that
it would not be seriously
amended. Nevertheless. it was
common knowledge that there
was a three-way split in the
committee.
Both bills had two major fea-
lures in common; they put an
end to the closed shop and to
industry-wide bargaining.
Ends Closed Shop
The closed shop would not be
definitely outlawed in the Taft
bill but its effect may be the
same in its provision that at
shall not be an unfair labor
practice for an employer to re.
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
TaiIors End
Week Strike
Accept Is Cents And
30-Day Wage Clause

Toledo tailors, members OF
the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers-CIO employed by
five downtown mems stores,
returned to work on Monday
morning of this week following
s ettlem ent of their wage
demands with the store manage
ments.
Final settlement was made
when the store' managements
agree to a 16-cents an hour wage
increase and acceded to the
unions demand that a 80 day
wage re-opening clause be
placed in the agreement. Mini
NUNS established by the pact
were S1.3812 for male employees
and $1.03 for females.
The tailors contract which had
expired April l was left un-
settled when they asked for a
2O-cents an hour wage hike.
Store arrangements offered 10
cents. When the dispute was
deadlocked, the tailors estab-
lished their picket lines around
Bonds, Bakers, H o f I'm n
Thomas, Weber's and Nicholas
mems stores on April Z.
Chester Kapela, ACWA Toledo
representative expressed his APP
probation to the Toledo L-M-C
for its aid in the solution of the
stoppage. Aiding in the Settle
ment were Louis Schultz, Chi
cago, ACWA regional director
and Sam Kolkey, international
union representative.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
MMsW See'y Quits

CHICAGO CLPA) - The in
ternational secretary-treasurer
of the Mine, Mill & Smelter
Workers-CIO resigned last week
and charged mis- fellow-officers
with obeying the guidance of
the Communist Party. Charles
w. Meyer urged union members
to get locals to withdraw from
the MMSW and to affiliate with
the Provisional Metal Workers
Council-CIO with headquarters
in Waterbury, Conn.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
CIO To Meet
Legislators
Union to Present
Views On Bills

CIO representatives from To-
ledo plants will present their
views on current legislation
pending before the Ohio Cen
eral Assembly when they meet
with the five Lucas County rep
resentatives in City Council
Chambers in the Safety Build
ing on Saturday at 200 p. m.
The meeting arranged by the
Lucas County Political Action
Committee is part of the DE
fend Labor Month" observance
planned by the Toledo Indus
trial Union Council in connec-
ton with the national CIO.
Clayton Rusch, PAC chair
man will head the delegation
and will be accompanied by
workers from many CIO plants.
Asks Labor Turnout
All shops have been urged
by the TIUC through its execu-
tive secretary Tom Burke, and
through the PAC to send as
many representatives as pos
sible to Saturdays meeting.
Discussing the efforts being
made by CIO and the PAC to
get labor favored legislation
passed and harmful bills defeat
ed, MIR. Rusch said:
1--WE believe that the workers
of Toledo in common with work
ers all over the nation are fully
awake now to the dangers which
they face. We can easily lose on
the legislative front everything
we have gained on the economic
front unless we show our
strength and convince our repre-
sentatives that there has been a
great change since last No
vember." !"
Tentative Plans
Tentative plans for another
meeting of CIO workers was
made by the Toledo Industrial
Union Councils executive board
last month.
Richard Lazette, TIUC presi-
dent stated that no action has
yet been taken to bring about
a proposed mass meeting of
CIO, but indicated that spe-
cial meeting of the executive
board might soon be called to
complete such plans.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
A GOOD CAUSE

You can help the cause of
the children of Toledo by pur-
chasing tickets for Local les
boxing show to be held at the
Civic Auditorium, Friday, May
2. Proceeds from the fight,
which will be an AlI-GOlden
Gloves Championship affair,
will go to the support of Local
12's Sand l. Ike Summer
Camp. Tickets may be OBJ
tanned from your shop COM
mitteemen or from the Local
IL Recreation Department.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
YOUR PAPER

If you are not receiving
your paper, or if you have
changed your address, send
your old and new address
and shop name TO the To-
LEDO UNION JOURNAL,
425 Winthrop st. Attention
Randolph Gray. Forms for
this purpose may be OBJ
tanned from the Local IL
dues office. Remind your
stewards and shop commit
teemen that they can secure
these forms at Local IL.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Vote Reynolds Strike

LOUISVILLE (LPA)-Four-
teen plants of the Reynolds Metal
Co. are threatened with a strike
by members of the International
Council of Aluminium Workers
AFL. The unions officials have
set no date pending outcome of
negotiations.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Steve Zackel Gabriel KOvacs
Gabriel KOvacS: 1t was wrong
to cut the employers part of the
contribution but the workers
have been getting a dirty deal
from the Ohio legislature right
along. According to the vote on
u n e m p loyment compensation,
it's a big business legislature.
think they will use the cut as an
excuse to keep from raising our
u m p loyment compensation.
This proves that labor should
elect people to office who are in
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
TUNE IN

Richard Lazette, Toledo
Industrial Union Council
president will be the fea.
tured speaker over Labor
Reports" radio program
broadcast each Saturday at
1880 p. m. over Radio Sta
ton WTOL. Mr.. LaZette
will speak on "CI0 and So
cial Services. Be sure to
tune in each Saturday and
hear Labor Reports giving
you the latest information
on labor from labor sources.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Work of preparing the
camp for occupancy is going
forward at the present time
in order to have the property in
shape for the June opening, it
was stated by Frank Molik,
camp director. Painting of one
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Steve ZackeI: l think they
should try and get the unem-
ployment compensation higher
instead of cutting the employ
ers' contribution. l also think
that the compensation should be
given when employees are on
strike. We should still go after
increased compensation. If the
fund can afford to cut from 20
to 80 million dollars from the
employers contribution it can
afford to give the unemployed
more compensation.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Marion JAW GiUen
I'm Cent Increase
More Wage Hikes Are Reported
In Region 2-B Contract Plants

Marion the parade of wage increases reported this
week in Region 2B UAWCIO when 1000 members of Local
$50 of that city granted 112cents hour wage hike
retroactive to February /.
Additional pay granted consisting of scents for
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Truman Mildly
SIaps Business
Labor Predicts Collapse
Unless Prices Are Cut

WASHINGTON, April 16 GPA)-President Trunna
administered mild slap in the wrist to business last
in commenting the dangers of present high prices
Business angry reaction that it's not fault
Despite what labor economists call perlousy high pro
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
MOHk To Select
Sand Lake Staff
Plan Tentative Camp
Opening For June

Tentative opening of Local 12'S Children's Summer
Camp at its recently acquired Sand Lake property has been
set for the middle of June announced Wednesday by
Richard Gosser in wire from New York where he
tending meeting of the UAW-CIO executive board.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

large building and several cot.
tages has already been started.
The grounds will be beautified
as soon as the weather permits
work to be started according to
the camp director.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
lnquiring
Reporter

Member of the Buckeye
Paint Unit of Local IL, UAW-
CIO, were asked their opinion
about the action of the Ohio
Senate in passing bill last
week cutting down the en-
plOyers' contribution to the
unemployment compensation
fund. Following are their
comments.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
ACTION

Wire Senators to
defeat S. 40.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Address
all Senators at Senate Office Building Washington 25 D.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18
Keep Your Eye On Congress
WHERE 1T is

Bill p a SIS e d by
House /; Senate ver-
sion due for action
soon.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Ask congressman
to seek passage of
bill.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Wire Senators to
defeat b bills to
w e a k e n unions,
limit labor rights.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Ask S e n a I o r S.
c o n gresham to
push for speediest
possible action.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1947-04-18

Write, wire Con-
sressmen to defeat
this a n ii vii
rights proposal.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12

twenty-five years later, Mr.. and
Mrs. S. L. Crowley and their orr
ginal wedding party stood in a
receiving line greeting guests al
the 25th anniversary celebration
of Mr.. and Mrs. Crowley who
entertained Saturday evening al
their home in Winter Park.
Mrs. Clayton Carter introduced
guest to members of the receiv-
ing line, which included: Mr. anc
Mrs. Crawley, Miss Lena Middle
ton, Mrs. T. H. Williams, r. ],
Crawley and Mrs. Sudie Middle
ton. Lawrence CraWley, 0 Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Crawley also greet
ed guests.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Orrell me-
guest at the door.
The home was decorated with
the traditional bridal colors anc
in the living room a crystal bow
of white gladioli, b%everfeW, ano
fern banked the mantel and was
reflectedin the mirror. The din
ing room table was covered with 6
lace cloth and conferred with g
silver bowl of white flowers,
thanked by burning candles.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Beach Tourney
High -Scorefs;
Are

High-scorers for the Monday
night duplicate bridge tourney
held at the Carolina Yacht club
were Mrs. Warren Sanders and
Mrs. Bert Myers for East-West
and Mrs. Alice Morrow and Mrs.
Norwood Orrell for North-South.
Second high for East-West were
Mr.. and Mrs. Willard Cantweli
and for North-South Mrs. j. S.
Zapf and Mrs. A. B. Cheatham.
Players included:
Mr.. and Mrs. Walker Taylor, M.
and Mrs. Willard Cantwell, Herbert
Lunch. Mrs. Eliza Symmes, Mrs.
Warren Sanders, Mrs. Bert Myers,
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Rogers,
Mrs. Eleanor Walbach, Miss
Martha Stack, Mrs. Winston Broad
foot, Mrs. London, Ms. Haskell
Rhett, w. D. Macmillan, Mrs.
Oliver C. Hutaff, Ms, Sam Nash,
Jr., Mrs. J. S. Zapf, Mrs. A. B.
Cheatham. Colonel and Mrs. Bev-
erly C. Snow, Mrs. w. E. Curtis,
Mrs. Louis A. Hanson, Mrs. P. R.
Smith, Mrs. R. Bryant Hare, Jr.,
Mrs. Walter Storm, Mrs. Dalziel
Sprunt, Mrs. Alice Morrow, Mrs.
Norwood Orrell, Mr.. and Mrs.
Bryan Broadfoot, Mrs. H. B..
Thomason and Mrs. O. L. Hogan.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Sunshodes for Tender Lettuce

900 and Oak Leaf. Cosberg 600
is not only an excellent home
garden variety but an AH-Amer'
lea winner.
If you have planted tender va
r~ieties, you may find it worth
while to provide sunshades TO-
the plants when warm days come.
Lettuce can be kept delightfully."-
tender by growing it under a
shade strip, as illustrated in the
accompanying Garden-Graph.
This type Of sunshade is not
hard to put up. Merely place two
end boards in the ground and
tack a strip of burlap to them
SO that it forms an awning over
the plants. Other methods in
clude growing lettuce in the shade
of a garage or shed, or in a loca-
ton where it will be shaded by
taller growing vegetables.
Moisture is absolutely neces-
sary for the successful growing
of lettuce. Do not crowd the
plants. OVercroWd1ng Is the rea-
son most head lettuce does not
head up in the home garden.
A number of diseases and in
sects may attack lettuce. Fungus
diseases are apt to develop if the
soil in which lettuce is grown is
poorly drained. Control of such
diseases calls for improved drain
age and careful cultivation to
keep the plants growing vigor-
ously. Plant lice or aphids, which
sometimes attack lettuce, can be
controlled with a rotenone spray.
For variety in the salad bowl,
try Deer Tongue lettuce, an un-
usual type which natures in 80
Gays. Its leaves, Illustrated, are
OF excellent oaAalitv
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Craw|eys With Wedding Party
Receive AT S liver Anniversary

Miss Reba DeVaun poured punch
Assisting in serving we're: Mrs.
John w. Crawley, Mrs. William
A. Reid, Mrs. Earnest A. Rodney,
Miss Shirley Newland, Miss Cath
crime Collier, Miss Inez Register,
Mrs. J l.. Fogleman, and Miss
Lillian Middleton.
Mrs. S. w. Brinson presided al
the gift table and Mrs. J. A. Craw'
ley asked guests to register. Mrs,
Bessie Stanland accompanied
guests to the door at the close Of
the party.
Approximately 1875 guests called
during the evening.
Out-of-town guests attending in
cluuded: Mr.. and Mrs. J. A. CraW-
ley, Littleton; R. J. Crawley, Will
son; Mrs. T. H. Williams, Mrs,
J.. L. Fogleman and Mrs. William
Reid Raleigh; Mr.. and Mrs
Ernest A. Rodney, Fayetteville;
Mss Margaret c. Moore, Rock
Hill, S. c.; Mr.. and Mrs. S. L.
Hamilton and Mrs. Clayton Car
ter. Burgaw; and Mrs. Mary c
Brown Wilson.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Mrs. Checkner
Compliments
Miss Levine

Mrs. Sol Checkner entertained
recently at a bridge party at her
home on Princess street, honorlng
Miss Mary Norma Levine, whose
marriage to Julian Weinkle of Mi
ami Beach. Fla, will take place
June %.
During the party. Miss Levine
was presented a china cigarette
and ash tray set by her hostess.
Cards were played in pleasant
surroundings, which had been dec
Grated with vases of mixed sum
mer flowers.
Around 80 guests were invited fol
the occasion.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Lumina Plan
Formal Opening
Saturday Night

Lumina. scene of summer dane
ing for over two generations, will
formally open its season Saturday
night with dancing to the music
of Lucky Miller and his orchestra.
The dance will also be a greeting
to delegates attending the Ameri-
can Legion convention in this area.
Anticipating a large season OF
entertainment, the management Of
Lumina has scheduled a number
of outstanding bands for the sum-
mer, including Randy Brooks,
June 81; Louise Sheldon, June %;
Tommy Tucker, July 10 and Hal
Mcintyre.
The traditional semi-formal
dress which includes a coat and
tie for men will be continued.
According to the management.
the floor will be open to dancing
on Wednesday nights also.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
New Bern Women
Install New Head

NEW BERN, June II Mrs.
Raymond Fuson has been installed
as president Of the New Bern
Woman's club, succeeding Mrs.
John F. Rhodes. Jr., who held
the office for three years. Mrs
Ben E. Moore, past club presi.
dent, had charge Of the installa'
ton service at the June meeting
of the organization in the club
house.
Other new officers installed with
Mrs. Fuson are Mrs. S. P. Watson,
first vice president; Mrs. Mark
S. Dunn, second vice president;
Mrs. Rhodes, third vice presl-
dent: Mrs. J. Wesley Morton, re
cording secretary; Mrs. c. L.
Garter corresponding secretary;
Mrs. Annie K. Whitford, treasurer;
Mrs. Horace M. Hill, auditor; ano
Miss Hannah Weskett, publicity
secretary.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-06-12
Elizabeth Davis
Receives Degree

Miss Elizabeth Davis, daughter
of Mrs. R. E. Davis Of the Car
DINA apartments, received her
Bachelor of Science degree Sat
urday from the Richmond Profess
sional Institute of the college of
William and Mary.
Miss Davis, while a student at
Richmond was a member If the
Cotillion club ard the InternatIon-
al Relations club. Miss Davis
prior to her last two years at
Richmond attended Queens college
in Charlotte for two years. While
at Queens she was on the staff OF
the college paper and annual.
Miss Davis and her mother re-
turned to the city on Monday
morning.