davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-01-05
State Department Reforming Both Diplomacy and Diplomats

to an extent that they have too
seldom been apparent before.
Unless we all realize fully, and
think it over a great deal and let
it sink into our minds, that we are
public servants. we are not going
to accomplish the work that we are
expected to do" George v. Allen
now Ambassador to Iran, said in an
address to candidates for the service
when he was last in this country
I'VE should always remember that
as public servant we are paid by
the taxpayers of the. United States
This fact is too often forgotten
when American citizens come into
our offices abroad"
New Orders Abroad.
In pursuit of this ideal, orders
have gone out to American Repre-
sentatives abroad that callers are
to be received with the greatest
possible courtesy, respect and dis
patch.
All practical means are to be en-
ployed to speed up the handling of
individuals business with embas-
sizes, legations and consulates.
United States diplomats are being
encouraged to go to meetings Of
American organizations and to talk
about their work and their expert
ences whenever invited to do so.
If all these reforms are pushed
far enough, a time may even come
when people actually act like diplo-
mats, the State Department hopes.
distributed By Chicago Daily News)
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Br Wallace r. Deuel.

The State Department has begun
a series of sweeping reforms OF
United States diplomacy-and dip
4omats.
If and when completed, these re-
forms will vastly improve America s
representation abroad.
They will greatly change the whole
character of United States diplo-
macy, and even of United States
diplomats.
Some of the most important of the
reforms are being held up by lack
of funds.
Secretary of State James F
Byrnes will seek the necessary ap-
preparations from the new Con-
gress.
However, Mr.. Byrnes has already
begun many reforms which can be
carried out without further funds.
Service Changing.
United States diplomacy today
already differs strikingly from that
of the prewar era, as a result oi
these changes. 1t is continuing te
change almost day by day.
The State Department and
foreign service are recruiting q
much larger number of men thar
they had before the war.
In 1889, approximately 500 pro-
fessional diplomats represented the
United States in other countries
They were aided by 1000 clerks and
1880 miscellaneous employees.
Evening star., 1947-01-05

Today the United States is repre-
sented abroad by So ambassadors
and ministers, most of whom are
professional diplomats; plus $50
other professionals, plus $500
other American officers and en-
ployes, plus 5000 aliens-a total
of more than 11,100.
BY 1948, the department hopes to
have more than 10000 representa-
tives and employees abroad, as
follows:
Professional diplomats, 1,400.
Members of a foreign service
reserve" which is being planned, 600.
Administrative officers and en-
ployees, $500. ...
Alien employees, chiefly mainte-
nance personnel and minor clerks,
1000.
A year from now, two-fifths of
all of the full-time, professional
diplomats representing the United
States in foreign countries will be
new personnel taken in since the
war, if the State Departments
present plans are realized. Most
of these newer men will be war
veterans.
The newer men now entering
United States diplomacy are more
representative of the American
people as a whole than prewar
United States diplomats were.
The recruits come from homes
more widely distributed throughout
the United States than old-style
diplomats did.
Evening star., 1947-01-05

administration, of its own work
which has tragically handicapped
the formulation and execution of
United States foreign policy in the
past.
The department is further re-
forming its antiquated promotion
system.
From now on, incompetents will
be weeded out and retired from
United States diplomacy, instead of
hanging on indefinitely.
These reforms in administration
and promotion will do much to i'm
prove the morale and performance
of abler men in United States
diplomacy.
Still another reform which Secre-
tary Byrnes has adopted is al
ready beginning to pay dividends
in public understanding and sup
port of United States diplomacy
the taking of the taxpayers into
the confidence of the State De-
partment.
Mr.. Byrnes is much more candid
with the American people than any
of his predecessors within living
memory.
This has done much, the depart
ment believes, to dispel the
suspicion which secrecy always in
spires.
Finally, among the principle re-
forms now being adopted. there is
"a campaign to introduce both the
spirit and the behavior of public
service into United States diplomacy
Evening star., 1947-01-05
By Constantine Brown.

Government departments as re-
late to the national security and
recommend to the National Intelli-
gence Authority the establishment
Of such overall policies and OBJ
jectives as will assure the most ef-
fective accomplishments of the ma
tional intelligence mission;
"(3) Perform, for the benefit of
said intelligence agencies, such serv-
ices of common concern related di-
rectly to coordination, correlation,
evaluation and dissemination as
the National Intelligence Authority
shall determine can be more effec-
lively accomplished centrally;
40 Perform such other similar
functions and duties related to in
telligence affecting the national Sc
curity as the Congress and the Ma
tional Intelligence Authority may
from time to time direct. 1t is
specifically understood that the sdi-
rector sof central intelligence shall
not undertake operations for the
collection of intelligence"
Navy's ONI Had Troubles Too.
Stripped of its verbiage, the meat
of this recommendation-which Is
one of nine made in the report
is in the final sentence, which is de-
signed to prevent exactly what GIG
has been doing since it came into
existence. The foregoing portion of
the paragraph simply sets forth
positively what the functions of GIG
shall be.
This battle between operational
information and intelligence is far
from new, and the concept that in
telligence should engage-as such
in operations arose in the early part
of the war when the Office of Naval
Intelligence took an expansive view
of it's purpose in life and decided to
make its contribution to the war by
taking a hand in tactical matters.
On the surface it looked like
ONI was simply trying to do bet
ter job of fighting the war, but ac-
tually it was a part of the Army
Navy game of achieving Importance
by expanding functions.
ONI officers in some commands
assumed such large hand in oper-
ational matters that they treaded
hard on the toes of tactical officers
whose job it was actually to fight
the war, whether it was German
submarines in the Atlantic or Japa-
nese planes and submarines in the
Pacific.
In one major East Coast command
the question of where the line should
be drawn between intelligence and
Ioperational information was put up
to a leading naval aviator whose
Job it was to direct aviation anti
Evening star., 1947-01-05

porting, "a per cent are performing
consular duties, IL per cent infor-
national and cultural work and IL
per cent are responsible for admin
istration.
These experts in the modern
sciences, techniques and other
functions of the atomic age are
playing more and more important
parts in the making and carrying
out of the United States foreign
policy.
A program of characterization
of United States diplomacy is also
under way.
United States representatives will
spend more of the early stages OF
their careers in this country. Among
other things. this will give them a
better chance to marry American
wives, instead of foreign women.
They will be brought home more
often for leave and for work in the
United States throughout their
careers.
Administrative Reforms.
They will be encouraged and
helped to spend their home visits
getting acquainted with the real
America" outside of Washington,
instead of staying in the capital,
leading the same kind of life they
do abroad with the same kind of
people.
The State Department Is also
slowly but surely improving the
NeanderthaI administration, or NAL
Evening star., 1947-01-05

submarine activities. Being one of
the ablest four-stripers in the Navy,
he had a Nystal-clear idea of ex-
actly where each should begin and
end. His reply was to this effect:
Correlate and Coordinate.
"Operational information con-
Germs itself with the day-by- day,
hour r-by-hour movements of the en-
emy, knowledge of which a tactical
commander must have in order ef-
fectively to fight the enemy where
ever he may show himself. He
does not have time to call in eval-
uation specialists, he does not have
time to consult experts. He himself
must evaluate, instantly, wisely and
effectively, what each bit of infor-
nation means, put them together
and make prompt decisions accord
ingly.
Intelligence concerns itself with
the long-range evaluation of en-
emy movements, should be done by
specialists who have access to a
wide number of sources of opera
tional information, from the flow of
which they can make broad con-
clusions affecting the whole field of
operations and the whole war.
The one is tactical. The other IS
strategic. The strategic intelligence
expert should not be permitted to
interfere in the making of tactical
decisions"
This officer later became COM
manding officer of one of our first
line carriers, where he succeeded in
putting into practice his ideas of
what operational information should
be, and his establishment served as
a model for the highly effective work
which combat information estab-
lishments did aboard carriers in the
later stages of the war.
The House committee report has
some pertinent words to say on this
conflict of concept.
Like Oil and Water.
Taking cognizance of two diver
gent views of what intelligence is,
the report finds that under one
school "the central agency should
devote itself strictly to the correla-
ton, evaluation and dissemination
of intelligence obtained by intelli-
gence agencies already existing in
the various departments of the Gov
ernment, and that it should co-or-
dinate the activities of these existing
agencies and recommend overall
policies and objectives under which
they could continue their work most
effectively and efficiently
The other view, the committee
found, was that 1.-The new agency
should not be content to be CO.
ordinating sewing circle and should
not hesitate to plunge into opera
(See INTELLIGENCE, Page ca
Evening star., 1947-01-05

Most of them were comparatively
unimportant or practically unused
since the shooting stopped in 1915.
The Presidents move was note
worthy because it gave further
evidence of determination-espe-
cially since the November election
to lift wartime contEols. 1t did not
dispel all confusion surrounding the
mass and maze Of war powers legis-
lation and authorizations. But it
clarified main lines for getting rid
VI the several hundred such laws
yet remaining.
The states of emergency pro-
claimed by President Roosevelt in
1889 and 1941 and the state of war
declared by Congress cannot be
ended so readily. Many of the 68
laws which would be directly affected
by termination of the states of emer-
gency, and the $50 or more involved
in an official ending of the state of
war, are closely linked with the
reconversion process. A chain re-
action" of trouble would result If
hasty or blanket action were taken.
Evening star., 1947-01-05

as the United States continued to
produce atomic bombs. .
The Assembly agreed unani-
mously that all these things should
be done, but the Assembly's blue
print is sketched only in the broad
est terms. The delegates ran into
difficulties Immediately whenever
there was an attempt to inject any
detailed provisions into the resolu-
ton.
Priority Problem.
There also is delicate problem
of priorities already mentioned. At
the insistence of the United States,
the Assembly stipulated that the
Council should tackle the separate
parts of the broad plan according
to their priority The United States
also got the Assembly to accept an
other clause guaranteeing that the
general program would not interfere
in any way with the work of the
Atomic Energy Commission.
The purpose of these two clauses
was to give the question of atomic
control top priority. Great Britain,
however, insisted that there were
other weapons of mass destruction
just as deadly-and perhaps more
deadly-as the atomic bomb and de-
manded that they be outlawed at
the same time Other delegates took
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Intelligence Mission Confused
FBFs Past Success Evauag Latin American Reports Nued
by Central Groups Conception of Task

Latin America has become an in
creasingly important field of Com
munist endeavor, especially since
the end of the war, and the United
States was able for six and one-half
years to keep tab on this growth
and take steps to meet the chal-
lenge as the result of the efforts of
most efficient corps of intelligence
specialists.
The men who comprised this
corps were the agents of the Fed
eral Bureau of Investigation, who
were assigned to every Latin Amer
ican country for purposes of both
espionage and counterespionage
against Americas enemies.
This highly effective body of
agents has now disappeared, how
ever, with the advent of the Gen.
trail Intelligence Group, which took
these people under its own guild
ance and administration shortly
after President Truman created the
GIG last January. The FBI men
were recalled in spite Of the urgent
.pleadings of all American ambas-
sadors I'M Latin America that they
should be maintained in the spots
where they would do the most good.
This action by the GIG is an ex-
cellent example of the criticism of
the agency which appeared in the
recent report of the House Com
nittee on Military Affairs and
which played a considerable part in
it's recommendation for legislative
action.
The issue of the GIG revolves in
large part around the question of
how far, if at all, it should enter
into operations is, the
actual collection of intelligence
and how closely it should be re-
stricted to the higher echelon duties
of evaluation and dissemination of
intelligence gathered by other
agencies-namely. Army, Navy and
State Department.
Not to Collect Intelligence.
The House committee takes a
position in opposition to permitting
GIG to engage in the actual col
lection of intelligence material and
makes this one point in its recon-
Hmendation, which reads as follows:
THAT the director of central in
telligence shall % accomplish the
correlation and evaluation of in
telligence relating to the national
security, and the appropriate dis
semination within the Government
of the resulting strategic and ma
tional policy intelligence, and in so
doing making full use of the staff
and facilities of the intelligence
agencies already existing in the
various Government departments.
"(2) Plan for the coordination
of such of the activities of the in
telligence agencies of the various
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Reviving Peace Laws
Disturbing to Economy
Sudden Lifting of Emergency Regulations
Involving War Setup Could Restore
Outmoded Procedures
By Robert K. Walsh

Historically slow in winding after winning them the United
States difficulties deciding when to
proclaim peace.
emphasized the basic problem
Tuesday formally closed the period hose This
expiration SO laws
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Latins Seek
More Labor
Europeans Wanted
for Farms and
Factories
Bv Phil Clarke

fPhu Clarke, former AP bureau
chief in Hauana, Cuba, ao10 at
tached to the staff of La Prensa
Asociada in NeW York, has had
,Dide experience in Central and
South American afairs.)
Evening star., 1947-01-05
U.N. Security Council
To Face Biggest Test
Armament Debate Starting Tuesday Rated
Paramount Effort of Agency in Seeking
Peace for World
By Mar Harrelson

LAKE SUCCESS Y JAN 4The United Nations Security
Gil will
probethe reduction regulation
This will be the big test of the naion
created little less than guard
Evening star., 1947-01-05

(See ARMS, Page C-2J
Evening star., 1947-01-05

(See REACTION, Page CD
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-22
High School Students
To Take Office TODAY

men: Miss Sara Kay Jordon and
II. l.. Thorpe; city manager: jim
my Caud:ll for j. R. Benson: citv
clerk: Miss Jennie Lee Branch
Iol Miss Mary B. Switzerland.
Clty attorney: Frank Bruce for
william B. Campbell; city engi :
neer: Frank Murphy; assistant
city engineers: Tommy Hall.
Z n Alexander, Charles
Sneeden; chief of police: Robert
Mckenzie FOR Hubert Hayes: as
slstant chief of police: JIMMY
Splvey; police It.: O. K. Pridg.
con: Desk Sergeant, Ebe Goodwin:
Dispatcher, Robert Congleton.
ire Chief: Billy Pittman for
Ludle Groom; assistant chief: Le-
roy Towles for j. A. West: fire
men: E. A. Thomas, Harry Cole.
man. Carl Williams, Irving Many
ard, Bobby Haas, Franklin Ora
nam; water and sewage: superin-
tendent Charles Russell for W. F.
Evans, Jr., assistants: Brooks
Broome, Tommy Damn, Frank
Campbell; recreation: Miss 10
Arm Snead for Jesse Reynolds;
assistants: Misses Phyllis Smith
and Virginia Hatch; sanitation
and waste: superintendent, Dave
Wallace for J. c. Long; bookkeep-
er, Marble Boone; foreman, Jack
McCarley; park department: SUI :
perintendent Cornelius Swart for
Ralph W. Smell; assistant, Bill
Swart; building inspector: James
Page for Gilbert F. Morton.
Electrical Inspector: Walter
Marable FOR D. L. Sandlin Jr.;
city auditor Georgia Williamson
for D. B. Padgett; juvenile court
Judge: Bill Kuhn for j. H. Fergu-
son !; clerk Miss Betty Lou O.
Master; tax collector: Dan Kelly
for c. R. Morse; bureau OF in
Identification i: superintendent Ro :
ger Corbett for H. E. Fales
health department: Neal Patrick,
Misses Josephine Schulken, Nellie
Owen, Dot Knight, Edna Mathis;
librarians Misses Sophie VERBAL
and Ann Merritt: housing author
ity: Jack Bass, Joe Bridger,
Jackie Cooley, Miss Princess
Stellings, Miss Carolyn King and
Mis- Doris Johnson; public rela-
tons officers: Misses Shirley Ber-
ger and Marjorie Batson Z; plan :
ming board: Miss Jeannine Stan
ley. Leonard Colley, John Muck
ton. Jack Mercer, Bill Quin :
levian, James Brattz, Fritz Stel-
jis, Henry Blake and Miss Rosa
lie Lewis.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-22
Lady's Stomach Was
Like A Gas Factory;
Meals Turned To Gas

One lady said recently that her
stomach used to be like a "gas
factory!' That is, when she ate a
meal it seemed to turn right into
gas. She was always bloated, had
awful stomach gas pains, daily
headaches and constant irregular
bowel action. Now, however, this
lady says she is FREE of STOM-
ACH GAS and she says the change
is due to taking INNER AID. He-
meals agree with her. No gas or
bloat after eating. Headaches and
constipation are gone. "Oh! What
relief" states this lady. why
don't other gas and constipation
suffers get INNER-AID.
INNER-AID contains u Great
Herbs; they cleanse bowels, clear
gas from stomach, act or sluggish
liver and kidneys. Miserable peo-
pie soon feel different all over. So
don't go on suffering! Get INNER.
AID. Sold by all drug stores.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-22
BY ROBERT MILLER.

Students Of the New Hanove,
High School Government class.
es will take offices this mornine
in the annual student-government
DAY program it was announced
yesterday by Mrs. George Le-
Grand. New Hanover High School
senior advisor and government
teacher.
All student department heads
will meet in the City Hall council
room at 9 am. this morning.
Paul Horton, student mayor .
will call the meeting to order and
ask James Caudill, city manager.
tc introduce his department heads
wiz have been approved by the
city council. Each department
head will introduce his assistant.
The student mayor will dismiss
al department heads and assist
arts to go to their various Jobs.
City officers and members Of
The Junior Chamber of Commerce
will take the student officers to
their respective places.
Mayor Horton will call ON the
planning board for suggestions
and reports that they think will
help improve the city of Whining
ion.
After recommendations of the
planning board have been discuss
ed and debated by council mem
bers. the council meeting will be
adjourned.
After adjournment of the coun.
ell, members of the Junior Cham
Der of Commerce will carry the
student council members. city at
torney and planning board mem
bers on a trip of the city.
Due to the mayor protein, Eu-
gene Ensley being restricted at
home with the mumps, the gov
eminent classes of the local high
school have nominated Richard
Galphin as substitute.
Students taking over the city
government and their offices are:
mayor: Paul Horton for Ronald
Lane : mayor Pro tenn: Richard
Calphin for Garland Currin;
treasurer: Miss Marilyn Goodman
for Robert S. LeGwin; council
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-22
SHIPPING NEWS
IN PORT
Freighter

IN PORT
Freighter
S. S. Oregon Fir, from Texas
ports with cargo of sulphur for
the Armour Fertilizer plant. Heide
and company, agents.
CLEARED AND SAILED
Tanker
S. S. Pan Maine, departed for
Texas ports after unloading cargo
of petroleum products. Heide,
agent.
Liberty Ship
S. S. Rebecca Boone departed
in, tow from the lay-up basin. Des-
tination, Charleston, S. G. Will
mington Shipping Company, agent.
REFITTING FOR DUTY
Lay-up Ships
S. S. Calvin Coolidge from lay
up, Heide and Co., agents.
S. S. Felipe de Veva, from lay
up, Heide and Co., agents.
S. S. David R. LaCrow, from
lay-rP, Heide and Co., agents.
S. S. Joe C.. S. Blackburn from
lay-up, c. D. Maffitt, agent.
S. S. Stephen Vincent Benet from
lay-up, c. D. Maffitt, agent.
S. S. Charles P. Steinmetz from
lay-up, Maffitt, agent.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-22
BIG NAMES. NO JOBS

MONTGOMERY, Ala. WH-The
Alabama state employment service
helps many prominent" persons
get work. The claims manager
helped Babe Ruth Moore get a
job. George Washington, Tennes-
see Birmingham, Henry Ford and
Montgomery Ward are among
others listed in the Montgomery
office.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1947-12-11
Tough Schedule Faces
High Basketball Team
NAVY Wives Have
Bowling Session

Mrs. Lucille Yarbough wa,
nigh score bowler at the Navy
Wives Bowling, Submarine Base
Alleys, Tuesday, with a total OF
l66 pins.
runners :. up were Lucille
browning with 1853 and Gwen
kutZleb with i47. -
Bowling has been under the
auspices of USO-NCCS-( WD)
but will continue after, the USO
closes this month, as 1t. Ruther
OF the Submarine Base Recrea-
ton Department believes it a
good sport.
Other bowlers were Mesdames
Micky Clark, Vivian Driver,
Dorothy Dunnavant. Flo Faul-
coner, Mary Louise Gardner, Ella
James, Pauline McNiff, Dot Muir
ply, Lillian Meek, Rosemary
Patrick, Betty Reineke, Rae Skei-
rik, Vera Wood, Doris Lang, Ed
ma Porter, Jerry Holder, 10
Hingson, Fran Mclaughlin, Anne
McFadden, Trudy Clark, Pat
Blaunelt, Rudy Clark and Ar
lene White.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1947-12-11
SPORTS and
RECREATION

',tAnniilInnllillIlliIIInillIIlInlllIIllliAnMifip
SWIMMINC-South Beach. south
end Of Duval Street.
DEEPSEA FISH1NG-Gulf Dock
west Caroline Street: Craie
Dock, north end Of Grinnell
Street.
BASEBALL-Games, usually on
..4@ Sunday afternoon, at Munich
pal Stadium, Duck Avenue
and 14th Street.
SoLF-Municipal Coli Course,
Stock Island.
iENNIS-Bayview Park on d.
vision Street (day and night
tacilities>
BASKETBALL--Outdoor courts
at South Beach and Bayview
Park.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Park.
SHUFFLEBOARD Bayvie "
Park and South Beach.
pICNICKING-Tables at Bay.
view Park.
SHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND -
Bayview Park.
COMFORT STATrONS-Bavview
Park.