davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-10-08
The New U. N. Members

Agreement on the admission of PakiStan
and Yemen to membership in the United
Nations illustrates the difficulties and con-
tradictions attending entry into this ex-
allied roster.
The theory underlying U. N. membership
is that eligibility involves both the attri-
butes of sovereignty and likewise the ability
and intention to carry out the obligations
set forth in the U. N Charter. Those obli-
cations are such as any law-abiding,
peace-loving nation can gladly undertake.
This theory was compromised even be-
fore the formation of the United Nations
by the deal made between Marshal Stain
and the late President Roosevelt at the
Yalta Conference. Stain demanded
membership in the future U. N. for all
sixteen of the autonomous" republics
which then made up the U. s. S. R. The
preposterousness of this demand has since
been demonstrated by the way some of
these republics have been summarily
"liquidated" by mere decree from Moscow,
despite a Soviet constitution which theo-
retically guarantees their full autonomy,
including the right of secession from the
Soviet Union
After countering Stalin's bid for such an
overwhelming of Russian representation
by half-humorous proposal that seats in
the U. N. be given to all the forty-eight
States of our Union. Mr.. Roosevelt COM
promised by agreeing to support member
ship claims for two Of the Soviet subrepub-
lics-White Russia and the Ukraine. This
unfortunate compromise was kept secret at
the time. Not until the actual launching of
the U. N. was 1t disclosed. Since then, the
puppet nature Of White Russia and the
Ukraine has been abundantly established
by their actions in the U. N. organization
This unhappy precedent renders it diff
cult to define precisely membership quail
f1cations. AS regards the latest candidates
to be admitted, Yemen undoubtedly quail
f1es so far as sovereignty is concerned, even
though 1t is remote and backward state
with theocratic form Of government
Pakistan is, however. in a more dubious
category. 1t is probably the strangest "sov-
ereign entity in modern annals consisting
as it does of two distinct blocks of territory
on the opposite sides Of the Indian penin-
sula, sundered from each other by more
than 1000 miles of Hindu India. Its ulti-
mate fate in the harried subcontinent.
striving to realize conflicting national
aspirations after the withdrawal of British
rule, is uncertain. Yet anomalous Pakistan
is admitted to the U. NJ without demur
while other indubitable sovereignties such
as Fire and Portugal are left on the door,
step, owing to power politics which subor-
dinate principle and logic to diplomatic
rivalries and theological passions.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
'DisIoyoI Conqressmen'

Representative Clare Hoffman of Michi-
gan, chairman of the House Executive
Expenditures Committee, has taken excep-
ton to an editorial captioned "Disloyal
Congressman" which appeared in Monday S
Star. :,
Mr.. Hoffman processes to interpret the
editorial as charging that some members
of Congress are disloyal. The editorial did
not make that charge, and there Is no
basis for such an Interpretation.
The editorial did take exception to the
attitude of Mr.. Hoffman and some of his
colleagues toward the Civil Service Com
mission and one of its loyalty files. While
investigating applicants for Federal jobs,
employees of the commission apparently
have run across information bearing on a
few members of Congress- and it appears
that cards containing this information
have been placed in the lead" flea file
used to check on future job applicants.
Mr.. Hoffman objects strenuously to this
on the ground that the commission has no
authority to investigate members of Con-
gress, even incidentally. The commission
agrees that it lacks this authority and has
said the cards will be removed from the
file So to that extent Mr. Hoffman, who
says he does not mind Congressman being
investigated by properly constituted agen-
cies such as the FBI, has won a point.
The Michigan Representative also has
tried to browbeat the commission into let
ting his committee have access to the file
itself, which the commission very properly
has refused to do. 1t has offered to give
the committee information on Congress-
men whose names may be in the file, If
this can be done without revealing the
source of the information. Mr.. Hoffman
is not satisfied. He has been voicing
threats to the effect that the commission
might find its appropriation cut next year,
and is also threatening to carry the matter
to the President.
All of this seems bit strange. For one
would think that man who is willing to
have Congress investigated by the FBI
cations as the Civil Service Commission
has been making. Technically, so far
as authority is concerned, he may be on
sound ground. But If there are any dis
loyal members of Congress the people have
right to know it, and one would expect
that Mr.. Hoffman would be among the last
to clamp down on even one source which
might produce lead that would help the
FBI, which uses the commission file, to
check on the loyalty or disloyalty of a
Congressman. Yet the effect, and prob
ably the intended effect of what Mr. Hoff-
man has been doing will be to discourage
the commission from making record of
any information touching on the loyalty
of Congressman which 1t might run
across in the course of some other in
vestigation
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Europe's Food Crisis
To the Editor OF The Star:

40 the Eoltor OF Inc Star:
The writer of this letter desires to express
an opinion OF many persons concerning the
feeding and lending of vast sums of money
which are collected from ALL the greatest
amount from the working classes which in
many cases can Ill afford the drain on their
pay In view of spiraling prices
Many have found that once you lend money
to senimendicant, he will bear harder on
the good nature of the lender.
Europe started her troubles; we Americans
have been too hberal-handed.
After the First World War this country lost
billions of dollars and now two years or more
after the Second World War we Americans
have given equipment and seed graciousy They
are now bearing down hard and getting millions
OF bushels Of grains and other foods
Why can't they begin now to be more self
supporting than they are?
We Americans are caught in the Jaws of
clamshell shovel.
There's an old saying, Charity begins at
home" WILLIAM H. DALEY
To the Editor Of The Star:
In regard to this mad scramble to get food
together on the double-quick for Europe's needs
this coming winter, why did the nations of
Western Europe let this matter drift until the
third strike" before they made any consid->
cradle noise about 1t? They must have known
over there, months ago, that crops were not
going to pan out. VIM. B. RAINSFORD.
Indian Head, Md.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Mount Rainier Direct for a Dime

Mount Rainier Direct for Dime
To the Editor of The Star
The Capital Transit Co. has started an ex-
press service in the morning rush hours from
Riverdale and in the evening rush hours to
Riverdale. AS live in Cheverly. my interest
ends in the service to Mount Rainier terminal,
although see no necessity for a bus running
from Mount Rainier to Riverdale as there
is streetcar line running straight as an arrow
between these two points.
The so-called express service to Mount Raj
nier winds all around Northeast Washington
before arriving at Mount Rainier. The new
service cuts Is minutes of the running time
to Mount Rainier as the Riverdale bus makes
a direct run up Rhode Island avenue but the
fare is 10 cents more. In other words, the
cost Of going to Cheterly on the new service
Is Is cents for 10-mile ride.
The idea of charging what the traffic will
bear proved to be bad business for the rail-
roads and likewise the new service put on by
the Capital Transit in the same spirit Is not
being patronized.
Give the public a 10-cent direct ride to
Mount Rainier and let them transfer there
for the various local streetcars and buses.
A CONMUTER.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Stars, Men and Atoms
New Factors in Ability
Revealed by AAF Tests
Perception Variables Are Analyzed
In Report by DR.. Guilford
By Thomas r. Henry

y
Army Air Force aptitude tests during the
war have revealed six hitherto unrecognized
factors In human ability which are measurable,
and there Is q strong suggestion Of at least
ten Others
Ihls has Just been reported to the American
Association for the Advancement of Science
by DR.. J. P. Guilford Of the University OF
Southern California, who had ading part
in constructing the tests
First is the space factor" 1t consists, hs
SAID, in perceptual awareness Of the ar
rangement of objects with respect to right-left,
up-down and in-out dimensions" Correct
choice as to dimension of movement depends
on it. This ability varies greatly from person
to person.
Manipulatory Tests.
Second is a factor which Dr. Ghlilford calls
"manipulatory Installation" which is shown
by test requiring one to imagine transforma-
tlons movements or other changes typical
test presents picture of a square paper be-
ing folded one or more times in successive
steps and a hole of given shape being cut out.
Inc person being examined selects one OF five
other pictures, each showing plausible creases
and holes, as the paper might appear after
being unfolded.
Third is a general factor which seems to
ing to skill In manipulating steam shovel.
A fourth factor is ability to estimate correctly
the length OF lines. This also varied greatly
among individuals
Distinct from manipulatory Installation IL
factor which DR.. Guilford calls visual
memory'-the ability to describe a stationary
object from memory. The two probably de-
pend, ne says, on different properties of the
visual cortex at the back of the brain and they
perhaps are dependent on different groups of
brain cells. A person may be good in one kind
OF INSTALLATION and quite poor In the other.
Another new factor he describes as "judg-
ment"-the ability to estimate correctly sizes.
times and distances. TT may actually be a
fourth kind of reasoning" he says which has
been almost entirely missed in most intelli-
gence tests"
Last Of the verified new factors is psychom-
eter coordination in finger dexterity and use
Of arms and legs in such tests as using mock
airplane controls.
Two Kinds Of Reasoning
He further discriminates ability in two kinds
OF reasoning which do not seem to be related
reasoning by analogy and reasoning by induc-
tion and deduction. He says: These tests sug-
gest that the term reasoning conceals num-
ber of unrecognized functions. Some of these
Aii"J NC piAha1uy pAoloslcdlly oeCeTnlneQ, DuC
others may be in the form a reasoning habit
brought about under educational pressure
Until the variables are better defined In this
area studies Of training in thinking and Of
the problems of formal discipline cannot be
adequately effected"
The Air Force tests also showed he says,
the probability of two hitherto unrecognized
forms Of space perception and two distinct
kinds of memory.
All these factors, 1t is pointed out In the
report, are statistically Independent of each
other.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Use This Power Cautiously

The peremptory dismissal power which
Congress has given the Secretary of State
as security safeguard is drastic. But
drastic measures are necessary to cope
with any threat to the integrity of such a
vital target for spies and subversive in
terests as the State Department. 1t was
in recognition of this obvious fact that
Congress, through the McCarran rider. ex-
tended to that department the summary
dismissal powers which have been exer-
cised by the Army and Navy since 1912.
Congress first undertook to deal with
this problem when it passed Public Law
808 in July. 1912. This wartime legislation
authorized the War and Navy Departments
to rid themselves Immediately of any en-
ployes whose retention might imperil the
law in 1946 on the ground that world con-
ditions justified continuance of wartime
precautions Public Law sO8 provided
restricted appeal system, operative after
actual separation of the employe, with
the head of the department as final Judge
Although no such system was set up by
the McCarran rider, the State Department
has instituted an appeal arrangement of
its own.
The extension of the right of limited
appeal under the State Department order
differs from the Army Navy system in that
the affected employe has the right to a
hearing before being dismissed from the
service. The final decision rests with the
Secretary of State. There is no reason to
doubt that Secretary Marshall intends to
use this broad authority with great care to
guard against its abuse. The review he
has ordered of all previous dismissals and
the appeal procedure which he has estab-
lished in the department are evidences of
his desire of avoiding "witch-hunt" tactics
by overzealous subordinates. The fact that
this review has resulted In reversal of dis
missal orders previously entered against
three employees (who have been allowed to
resign without preiudice') indicates that
mistakes can be made. A mistake of this
kind is very serious, for it can ruin the
reputation of an innocent employe for> life.
In this connection it looks as If the
department is going farther than is neces-
sary or desirable when, under Section of
its security order, 1t includes in the cate
CORY of a security risk" any employe hav-
ing "Such basic weakness of character or
lack of judgment as reasonably to justify
the fear that he might be led into any
course of action" specified as dangerous to
security. Granting that such an employe
has no place in the State or any other
Federal department, he can be removed
from the payroll by regular civil service
procedures-after appeals and hearings
Pending completion of these procedures he
could readily be transferred to q division
Evening star., 1947-10-08

where his weaknesses could not be ex-
plotted by subversive persons.
Summary dismissal is power that
should be used with extreme caution in
extreme cases. Other cases involving sus-
pected loyalty should be handled through
the new loyalty program, which has an
adequate appeal system designed to pro-
tect the civil rights of every employe-
while protecting the paramount right of
the Government to safeguard its integrity.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

while on fur
Tough, was the
first I h a d
been back dur
ing the war
years. What I
saw then, cou-
pied with what
I had expert
e n c e d before
I ,Il
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Wants Investigation of Asylums

Wants Investigation of Asylums
To the Editor Of The Star:
Recently one Of your correspondents re-
ferred to the case of man held 20 years in
New Jersey asylum, then found to be sane.
Seemingly he was held for his belief on some
religious subject.
It is astounding that this can occur outside
of the dark ages or some land Of uncivilized
inhabitants. Now I wonder If there can be
more sane persons incarcerated there, here
or anywhere. 1t sets me wondering how many
people ought to be dismissed from st. Eliza
beths, right within the shadow Of our Gov
ernment buildings where the destiny Of the
world Is discussed.
Would it not be feasible for some of our
Congressman to rake the skeletons out Of our
own closets before telling European nations
how to clean up their back yards? No other
nation has such an insanity epidemic. be-
lieve that legislative measures would be the
surest and quickest cure.
L. FURMAN CARGILE.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Navy Rule in Samoa

To the Editor Of The Star:
Bikini natives takes me back to 1945, when as
an Army officer had a chance to visit my
home and birthplace, Pago Pago, American
Samoa and to see Navy treatment of the peo-
pie there.
Until I was 16 attended the Marist Broth
ers' School in Samoa In 1885 went to Hawaii
where I obtained higher education which is
presently being furthered at Georgetown Uni
versity. On October Is, 1910, I Joined the
United States Army. My return to American
IN
Evening star., 1947-10-08

landers voted, not directly for or against
the proposed constitution, but for the
various candidates of the respective parties.
And the vote ran ten-to-one for candidates
favoring acceptance Of the constitution.
The Communists came out a poor fourth
Evening star., 1947-10-08

As thousands cheered, a New Jersey lady
set new mark for continuous clam eat
ing-186 in rs minutes. It is the sort OF
thing that lends the dream quality to an
"eat-less" drive.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
What the Russians Are Saying

Wnat the Russians Are Saying
To the Editor of>The Star:
You are certainly to be commended for your
daily nrst-page feature of what the Russians
are saying about us. Reading these quota
tions every day has made Vishinsky's TRADES
and the recent Comintern revival more under
standable. And certainly your feature lends
support to some type Of universal military
training in this country.
have two suggestions First, can't you en-
large this information service by giving more
details on an inside page and include Russian
cartoons whenever possible? Second, try to
get other newspapers and periodicals to follow
your example as a very important public service
in the field Of foreign affairs.
Our political leaders may promote certain
plans and legislation which are vital to the sur
vval of our country. But without the back
ground and understanding provided by your
Russian reprint items, these plans may never be
approved. G. DOUGLAS sAGER.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Questions and Answers
Nv THE HAsKIN SERVICE.

A reader can get the answer to any question
OF fact by writing The Evening Star Informa tion
Bureau, 3le I. street NE. Washnrton 2. b. c.
Please nclose 8 cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

September 20.
It has always
seemed to me
that the Amer
ican Indians
have = ar
stronger claim
to a national
home" In the
United States
than the Jew
iSh people have
Evening star., 1947-10-08

@. How large bird is the albatross?-E. McC.
A. 1t is the largest sea bird, attaining a
length of feet, a weight of Is pounds and the
unique wing spread of II feet. The albatross
is noted for its powers OF endurance and has
been known to accompany ship for several
days without being seen to alight on the water.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

Bigger than telepathy is this discovery
of our Red chum, Vishinsky. He can tell
us what we think about things we weren't
even thinking about.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

@. Who was the first person to used the word
almanac?-F. E.
A. The first use of the word has been traced
to Roger Bacon in the 18th century. Later
1t was adopted by Rabelais and Nostradamus.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

@. How many persons were prosecuted for
evading the draft during World War II?-C. K.
A. From october 16, 1910, to June 30, 1946.
the FBI closed 536, 703 cases under the Selective
Training and Service Act
Evening star., 1947-10-08

There comes point in the long, diff
cult process Of trying to understand the
Russians when one fears one does
Evening star., 1947-10-08

to a national home" in Palestine. In fact I
wonder why the American Indians don't form
a committee" and petition the U.N: for hear
ing. F. L. FREEMAN.
Coral Hills Md.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

AS companion volume to the Dale
Carnegie success classic, thought is Bob
Taft's "how to win enemies-if they're the
right ones"
Evening star., 1947-10-08
O. When was the first newspaper publisheda

Q. When was the first newspaper published7
B. G. l..
A. I'll Chau, better known as the Peking
Gazette, probably was the first printed news
paper 1t is the oldest daily journal in the
world. 1t was first published in A. D. 1340
Q. What per cent of the people in the United
States have incomes below $4,000 year?-
B. r. o.
, A. OF the nations 46 $500, 900 families, 40 per
cent or 18600,000 receive incomes below $4,000
according to study of the Federal Reserve
Board.
Q. Where can wild flowers be found in the
greatest abundance?-F. F. B.
A. The Gardeners Travel Book" by Edward
harrington says that Probably there is no
other part Of the world where such wide
variety of wild flowers as well as Towering
trees and shrubs can be found as Humboldt
County the heart of California's Redwood
Empire"
Q, What college did Helen Keller attend7-
r. B. H.
A. She attended Radcliffe College in Cam
bridge, Mass. Because of her blindness her
textbooks were printed in Braille, and she wrote
examinations on her typewriter.
@. How large an area is included In the
Sargasso Sea?-B. M.
A. In August the Sargasso Sea in the North
Atlantic Ocean includes an area about 2,O00 by
1000 miles, but varies in distribution and
density with the seasons and weather, being
influenced by winds and ocean currents. The
area rotates slowly. Its origin still Is mystery.
@. What is the distance between crossties on
a railway track?-C. W.
A. The number of crossties in the average
mile OF railway track at the beginning Of
1946 was 1897. The distance between ties
was, therefore, 21.1 inches, center to center.
Evening star., 1947-10-08
Wants to Forget Hemlines

To the Editor Of The Star:
It is a curious and not very favorable COM
mentary on America that there should be at
this time so great a commotion over the new
long hemline With the world situation in an
extremely delicate and potentially explosive
state, we find $50 radio stations, half dozen
speakers and scores Of technicians spending
their time and energy discussing the subject
Shall We Accept the New Hemlne?" on the
Town Meeting of the Air program!
There was obviously great interest among
listeners That interest showed an extraordi-
nary idea among them as to the relative value
and fitness of things. The battle OF the bulge
and hemline seemed more important than the
battle for peace and freedom.
Apparently women want to protest against
something, to participate and get in the swim.
and the hemline was convenient subject. As
sociologists with hemlines Of some kind have
said, women confront crisis because Of their
uncertain position in contemporary society.
They are frustrated because they cannot fully
take over mans work and they are frustrated
Evening star., 1947-10-08
~ Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1oriter, although it is permissible for a
Driter kno1Dn to The Star to use a
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-10-08

National Home for u. S. Indians?
To the Editor of The Star:
1t strikes me that Jamal el-Husseini placed
the Jewish claims to national home in Pal
estine" in their absolutely correct perspective
in his speech before the U. N. Assembly on
Evening star., 1947-10-08

A. I'll Chau, better known as the Peking
Gazette, probably was the first printed news
paper 1t is the Oldest daily journal in the
world. 1t was first published in A. D. 1340
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-02-15


na with the best of them He fighters fighter and dear
10 the hearts OF the fans What acton and slug was
almost punchproof "
But JOHNNY hung until arenic
battle power In his waning days he pifu Youngsters
speeding his old glory withheld punches Finally something hap
pened unbelievable to him. During many "comebacs
tn crowd booed him. STILL he fought in whsestop
era years thereafter And mercless
linen lronman Dundee through.
In retirement he stood on Broadway Every afternoon at the
same spot He nedha bald spoke in husky whisper
ings had affected the vocal chords Always fight
again.
It's awful not having anything to do he said Fighting
the only business know"then-"These I cOuld
lick em, Ed honest Too much
miss Like this every time / saw him.
Tell me- honest do the still to see me?"
{e t$tso
BILLY Petrolle different He knew quit his
story indicates why washed up think they
sters He had 235 battles in II years
injuries? Sure collected
told might lose the sight of both
his thumb in the eyeba was turned
clear around After the fight specialist pulled
away out OF my head like this ndcang) Very elastic
eyeba Guss it's lucky for me My okay
lucky