davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-09
City VS.. County
BY PETER EDISON

WASHINGTON, Oct. - The
$29.5 billion, which it is now
estimated U. S. farmers will re-
ceive for this years crops, rep
resents about 10 per cent OF
Americas gross national prod
uct, tentatively put at $225 bill
lion.
Present farm population of
27, $50, 900 is nearly 20 per cent
of the U. S. total of 140 million
people.
So if 20 per cent of the people
are getting only 10 per cent of
the wealth, it can be argued
they aren't getting their share.
This may overlook the fact
that the farmer reduces his cost
of living by growing his own
food. He eats better than city
folk - and look at all that fresh
air he gets.
But where the farmers low
err standard of living really
shows up is in comparison with
the city folks per capita
income. Here is a Bureau OF
Agricultural Economics table
that gives the picture:
Per Capita Annual Income -
1859 (Average); Non-Farm-
5000; Farm-$243. Per Capita
Annual Income-1944 (Midwa1
peak; Non-Farm-$129O; Farm
-$688. Per Capita Annual In
come-1946 (First postwar Year,
Non-Farm-$1288; Farm-$779
Per Capita Annual Income-l941
preliminary estimate); Non.
Farm-$1365; Farm-$653.
This shows that, while PEI
capita farm income has gone ul
285 per cent since the war, the
non-farm income rose 226 pei
cent.
Comparison of farm and city
wage rates shows up even
worse. In 1916, the average cash
wage income for farm hands
was only $521. The average
hired man worked about five
months on the farm, which paio
him 1891. The other $130 he
earned from non-farm work.
These average annual earn.
ings r. low, in spite of high.
wage rates for seasonal labor,
In the present harvest season
wages have averaged $9$
a month with board, STA with.
out.
Though their wages are three
and four times as high as pre-.
war, they do not begin to meet
the city wage which, in manu-.
featuring industries, now aver.
ages close to $3.50 a month, with
a lot steadier work.
In Spita ef tAis u~nfawenahlI
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-09

PRAISES %POSTOFF1CE WORN
To The Editor: ,
During the past month, mwa
interest has been manifested H
our citizens and out-of-town w,
itors in the repainting inslo,
and outside of our beautl1'
p~ostoffice building.
This work practically has "
stored it's appearance 10 ths'
Immediately after it's comps,
ton a few years ago and II =
now one of the neatest and mos
inviting buildings to enter
We were most fortunate "
have secured the services On .
splendid contractor Whose Won
was excellent. =,
A friendly pat on the oseh'
is deserved by our beloved posi-
master, Mr.. Wilbur r. Dosh1,'
and his able custodian, Mr. u
win Rourk, whose close supe,
vision of the work was /"
climax of a most splendid III
provement.
The helpful, pleasing ' w
thorough services rendered "
all the entire employe stan
of pee ial commenda'lo~
Please pass along to Postmast"s
Dosher your appreciation o. ".
work just completed for M ="
human and will like it.
WALLACE W. Me-
BRANDT, S.
Wilmington, n. C.
Oct. {, 1947.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-09
Letters To The Editor

which Mr.. Jesse Lucas is chaT'
man, will call a meeting IN thu
very near future for the purpos'
OF re-vitalizipg and enlarging Of
reorganizing the association
We are cordially inviting any,
one interested to attend si
meeting, which will be held Oh
October 16, at 8 O'Clock, m "
courthouse auditorium III bW'
gaW.
MATTE BLOODWORN
Burgaw, N. c.
Oct. 7, 1947.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-09

The country now is completely in the
dark about the actual extent of the i'm
pending crisis abroad. We don't intend to
60 into this thing blindly. They should
give a full report to the American people
and give them all the facts.-Sen. Harry F.
Byrd (Dl Of Virginia.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-09
GOOD MORNING

GOOD MORNING
True enjoyment comes from activity
Of the mind and exercise of the body;
the two are ever united.-HumbOldt.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
WoH Calls On

fConfinned From Paer Ons)
line with the effective buying pow
er of consumers, production again
will grind to a halt" he warned.
Warns OF Credit OverexpansiOn
Another contributing factor of
depression which should be avoided
is an "over-expansion" of credit,
Woll said.
Short-term business debts, bank
loans for business purposes, and
brokers' loans rose from 102 bill
lion in 1921 to $50 billion in 1929
but in 1882 dropped almost third,
he declared.
Judge John C. Knox, of the U.
S. District Court, New York City,
told the credit men that a substan-
tial increase in bankruptcy was ex-
pected. He said insolvencies have
begun to increase and listed as
"the seeds from which bankrupt
cies grow" the public feelings of
foreboding, uncertainty and even
fear" These stemmed, he said,
from "the lack of major achieve
ment upon the part of Congress,
the threat of strikes, the prevail
ence of extortionate prices, the
cancellation of orders, the fear of
lessened production and the abb
scence of tax relief"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
OBITUARIES
JOHN X. FOX


John r. Fox, 727 Sophia ST., vet
eran of World War l, died May 16
in the Molly Stark sanatorium near
Louisville, following a long illness.
Mr.. Fox was employed last at
the Edwin M. Knowles China Co.,
as a kilnman. He was the father
of Marine Pvt. John Fox Jr., 18.
who lost his life in the Pacific
theater in November 1912.
Mr.. Fox was a past commander
of Pvt. Eddy Post &c. Veterans of
Foreign Wars, and also served as
district chief Of staff. He was a
member of Alfred Wedgewood
Post 374 American Legion, East
Liverpool Chapter Al of The Dis
abled American Veterans, the Mill
tary Order Of Coolies and Local
Union No. 8 National Brotherhood
of Operative Potters.
He leaves his widow, Mrs. Erma
Fox, and a son, James Fox at
home; four half brothers, Fred Fox
and Merle Fox of New York, Frank
Fox of Canton, and Joseph Fox of
Mcdonald, Pa, and two halfsisters,
Mrs. William Sammet of Canton,
and Mrs. Ralph Gownser of Ken
lucky.
Services were conducted Monday
at $50 p. m. in the Dawson Fu-
neral Home by Rev. Stanley II.
Mullen, pastor of the First Metho-
dist Church. A military burial serv-
ice was conducted at Riverview
Cemetery.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Sfofes Tighten
Fire Codes In
Safety Drive

Chicago QLNS). = Acting to
smother threats of hotel fires like
those which last year took record
U. S. death toll of 200, several
states are imposing or considering
rigid new fire prevention measures.
The Council of State Govern
ments says that current action is
being paced by a new fire control
code in Kentucky, and stringent
prevention measures just enacted
in New York and in Georgia where
120 persons were killed in Attain
ta's Winecoff Hotel holocaust last
winter.
Georgia's new statute, barbed
with provision for a 500 fine for
each day of violation, sets up a
building safety directors office
under the state insurance commits
sioner to prevent fires in public
buildings. The director, supervised
by new building safety council,
has broad powers to effect exact
ing fire control regulations and
limit occupancy of buildings de-
clared fire hazards.
In Kentucky, some 200 hotel man.
ayers have been given "a reason
able time" after May l to comply
with new fire control regulations
issued by the state fire marshal.
New requirements include at least
2 separate and independent exits
for each hotel, vertical and hori-
zontal draft shops, and sprinkler
systems.
Bills In Many States
New York's new fire control law
will be administered primarily by
cities and effects more than 500
hotels in New York City alone. Two
exits for each hotel are required,
plus selfclosing fireproof doors at
stair landings, fireproof storage
compartments for linens and other
inflammables, and automatic fire
alarm systems.
Bills calling for more stringent
fire control regulation have been
introduced in legislature of many
states including California, Colora-
do, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Ne
braska, New Jersey, and Pennsyl-
vania.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Moy Smother
School Fund Bill

Washington (LPA) - Whether
or not there are any federal funds
voted to rescue local school systems
from begging down-with under
paid teachers, dangerously old
buildings, and inadequate money
for school services depends on
whether the Republican majority
decides to bottle up the federal aid
bills in House and Senate commit
tees.
COP authors of school fund bills
deny that their leadership has sent
down word to hold up the meas
ures, which are now being drafted
by a Senate Education Subcommit-
tee, and are the subject of hearings
before a House Education Subcom-
mittee.
Asserted Chairman George Ak
en- (R., Vt.) Of the Senate group,
"We're unanimous in agreeing to
bring out bill" Aiken added that
the machinery and amount of
money allocated to the states had
not yet been determined, but is
optimistic that there will be quick
agreement in the subcommittee.
Chairman Edward o. McCowen
(R., Ohio) says he is only halfway
thru hearings before his subcom-
mittee, at which he hopes to bring
out all shades Of opinion. Last
week, the group heard CIO teach
ers' spokesmen argue for the bill,
and President Merwin X. Hart of
the anti-labor Natl Economic
Council oppose any federal funds
for the schools.
Another witness favoring federal
aid included Leslie Perry Of the
Natl Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People who urged
careful safeguards to see that local
school systems did not discriminate
in allocating funds between white
and Negro school children. Repre-
sentatives of the Womens Division
of the Methodist Church and the
Council for Social Action of the
Congregational Christian Churches
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Truman Signs

(Confinnsd From Paor One)
year, the Congress had reached a
large measure of agreement as to
the legislation to increase mini
mum wage standards. l trust that
with the passage of the portal-to-
portal act, relieving the business
community of a heavy burden of
doubt, the Congress will turn to a
reexamination of minimum wage
standards.
''In enacting the Fair Labor
Standards Act of 1888, the Con-
gress declared it to be our national
policy to eliminate labor conditions
detrimental to the maintenance of
the minimum standard of living
necessary for health, efficiency and
general well being of workers. 1t
has become increasingly evident
that the minimum wage of 40 cents
an hour established by that act
is far from adequate to meet that
national policy.
81 am convinced that immediate
amendment of the act to provide a
minimum of at least 65 cents an
hour is necessary. In addition,
minimum wage benefits should be
extended to many persons not now
protected by the law, as ! have
recommended in previous messages
to the Congress.
81 recommended that the Con-
gress take action upon these mat
ters now."
The new portal-pay law contains
the following principal provisions:
/. Bans existing portal-to-portal
claims except those based on ac-
tivities which were compensate by
employers through contract, GUS
tom or practice. This ban includes
activities taking place during the
work day as well as before and
after.
2. Permits compromise of past
claims if there is a dispute on
whether contract or custom would
have required payment.
3. Bans future claims for portal
activities outside the work day un-
less such activities are compensa-
BILE by contract or custom.
d. Permits employers to plead
"good faith" reliance on govern
ment rulings as an excuse for fail
ure to pay wages due under the
law.
5. Sets a two-year statute of
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Dramatists Join Equity Ban

New York (LPA)-The ban on
appearance of members of Actors
Equity-AFL at the National Thea
ter in Washington after next sea-
son, unless the present manage
ment's refusal to admit Negroes to
play is reversed, has been strength
ened by companion action of the
Dramatists' Guild. The 600 active
members Of the Dramatists' Guild
are being asked, by unanimous vote
of their executive council, to refuse
to allow their plays to appear at
the National until the Jim Grow
bar is lifted.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
New Anti-Lynch
(Continued From Paoe One)

(Continned From Page One)
held on suspicion of robbing and
fatally injuring a Greenville taxi
driver. The taxi driver did not die
until several hours after the mob
had beaten, knitted and finally shot
the Negro. This is the first trial of
this magnitude in the south, and
the first in which confessions have
been obtained, though the judge
has reserved his decision on wheth-
er they should be considered as evil
dence by the jury. A crowded court
room-200 white spectators on the
main floor, and half that number
of Negroes in the balcony-is wit
Messing the states drive to convict
the 81 men of the crime.
Unsolved lynchings cited by Rep.
Case in urging action on his bill,
include the broad daylight shooting
Of Roger Malcolm and George Dor
sey and their wives near Monroe,
Ga, last July, and the lynching of
Leon McTatie, 35-year-old father
of 10 children, in Lexington, Miss.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
WILLIAM II. BAXTER

William H. Baxter, 6S, former
Wellsville potter, died May 13 at
his home in Bedford, Ohio, follow
ing a long illness of complication
of diseases.
Mr.. Baxter was a son of the late
John X. and Elizabeth Baxter. He
left Wellsville about 15 years ago
to accept a position with the Bay
ley-Walger China Co., at Bedford
He was forced to retire last Feb
ruary.
He leaves his widow, Mrs. Nellie
Baxter; two sons, Arthur Baxter
of Sebring, and William Baxter
Jr., of Beloit, and sister, Mrs.
Mary Bennett of Newell.
Burial was in Bedford.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
To Draft Plun
To End Strikes

Washington, d. C. (ILNS). -
Unanimous decision to draft plan
under which jurisdictional strikes
can be barred for all time to come
in the Hollywood studios was voted
at 2-day conference in AFL
headquarters here of affiliated
unionh with members employed in
the motion picture industry.
The conference appointed COM
mittee, composed Of the presidents
of 5 national and international
unions, and gave it this 4-fold
assignment:
To study all phases of the juris-
dictional questions involved in the
motion picture industry.
To analyze the causes of dis
putes among unions representing
workers employed at the studios.
To draft a plan providing for the
peaceful settlement of all future
disputes which would eliminate any
possibility Of strikes for jurisdic-
tional reasons in the studios.
To submit this plan, when draft
ed, for the approval of all national
and international unions which
have members employed in the stu
dos.
The committee held it's first
meeting Immediately after the ad-
journment of the conference. AFL
President William Green, who pre-
c;dad over the conference. said.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22

the scientific, and scientific termin-'
ology, that "human relations has
blossomed forth as human engi-
neering'." Into the chopper with
slide rules, machine tools and ro-
bots" he said, has been tossed the
human being.
Workers Cooperation Not Sought
The objectives toward which the
free enterprise system must strive,
the machinists' head said, are: "(D
the achievement of the maximum
amount of physical production, and
(2) the maximum development and
realization of each individual" :"
Asserting that zone of the great
difficulties of labor relations has
been the disregard with which ex-
ecutives have treated with the la
Dor problem" he said:
"They have attempted to inflict
all sorts of radical and material
changes upon employees, without
the active participation or consid-
Grafton of the individuals affected.
Little wonder that employees have
offered strong psychological resis-
tance to technical innovations; and
little wonder that management has
frequently been injuring it's own
cause in attempting to establish
new methods and procedures"
Industry, Brown said, tends to
"look upon the worker as a neces-
sary cog in the machine" Tech
nical experts, assigned solely "to
increase the physical output of the
plant" are not concerned with "the
welfare of the worker" he contin-
ued, and stated that their attitude
under the circumstances "is one
of indifference to the psychological
and social needs of the man at the
bench"
Sees Signs OF Change
Setting forth that this "disre-
gard of the human factor in pro-
duction cannot lead to greater eff
ciency," he said that it "can only
result in irritation and discomfort
in the shop" but added that he had
noticed a "glimmer Of awakening"
"A greater realization by man
agement," he said, "of the all-im-
portant factor that labor is neither
a commodity or a machine will
serve to break down the impersonal
character of the industrial colos-
sus. The vast majority of factory
workers who find their jobs dull
and uninteresting will secure new
perspective on their place in the
economic scheme of things. BY
stress on the psychological adjust
ment of the individual, we may
touch the mainsprings of human
action and revive the instinct of
workmanship. The worker has been
too long neglected; too long been
regarded as an insignificant cog in
the wheels. The advance in technol-
ogy makes imperative psycholo-
gical and rational approach to our
human raSourceSo
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Delegates To
7947 Convention

Local Union No. 4-Casters, East
Liverpool, o. George Shaffer,
James Moss, George Brunt, Edward
Edgars; alternates, Fred Glenn,
Shell Johnson, Garvin Burgess,
William Ashbaugh.
Local Union No. General
ware, Evansville, Ind.-Henry Sch
nautz; alternate, Theresa Mont
gomery.
Local Union No. 9 - Kilnmen,
East Liverpool, O.-Fred Bowler,
Roy Broadbent, Lawrence Brown,
Edward Cronin.
Local Union No. 10 - Turner'S
and Handlers, East Liverpool, o.
Frank Duffy, Fred McGillivray.
Local Union No. 12-Jiggermen,
East Liverpool, Ohio-Guy Dig
man; George Lanning, William
Duke; alternates, Ernest Terrence,
Harry Podewels, Luther Hall.
Local Union No. 20-General-
ware, Steubenville, o. James
Coaker.
Local Union No. 24-Chinaware,
Wellsville, O.-William Robinson,
George Salsberry, Clyde Christman,
Samuel j. Lawton. ~ a
Local Union No. rs - Packers,
East Liverpool, o. Erwin H.
Crawford,
Local Union No. 29-Dishmak-
ers, East Liverpool, o. - Harry
Brindley.
Local Union No. AZ - General
ware, Salem, O.-William Stark, P.
X. Laughlin, John Ehrhart.
Local Union No. Al Sebring,
Ohio-R. C. Larkins, J. |. Sullivan,
Jesse Nelson, Earl McBane, God
frey Edie, Alvin Kennedy; Alter
mates, Mike Come, Phillips Schroe-
der, Bro. McDaniels, John Hamil-
ton, Andy Zeides, Grace Foutts.
Local Union 45-Sanitary, Tren-
ton, N. j., George Smith, Elijah
Watson, Robert Hannah and John
Cooper, Sr.
Local Union No. 49-Trenton, N.
J.-Stanley Malyhas, Aloysius Ka-
to, Robert w. Gresch.
Local Union No. 51-General-
ware, Canonsburg, Pa. John
Mamrack, Charles Harris; alter
mates, Cliff Rawlings, Charles At
kinson.
Local Union No. 53-Finishers,
East Liverpool, o. - Ella Duffy,
Matte McGil.
Local Union 76-Chinaware, Buff
falo, N. Y.-Oscar Dale, Carl
Heintz.
Local Union No. 12i-Decorators
and Decorating Kilnmen = Mar
garet Curley, Harold Williams, +.
C. Armstrong, Myrtle Hutcheson.
Local Union No. 13l--Battersout
and Mouldrunners, East Liverpool,
Ohio-James Bennett, John Gill
more; aIternates, Alice Sewers,
Arthur Marshall.
Local Union No. 20 = General
ware, Minerva, Ohio-John Rourke,
Abe Edwards, Sylvanus DeBee,
Glenn Haines; alternate, Martha
Cole.
Local Union No. S6-Warehouse-
men, East Liverpool, 0. = Harold
Palmer, James Ward.
Local Union No. 122-General-
ware, Cambridge, Ohio - James
Coffey, Forest Wagstaff.
Local Union 1872 - Handle Cas-
ters and Finishers - Opal Land
fried; alternate Bertha Magnone.
Local Union No. 14l - Oddmen
and Laborers, East Liverpool, o.
Harry Robinson, George Jones,
Howard Pryor.
Local Union No. lac - General
ware, Paden City, w. Va.-William
ID. Krebs, Carmen Yost.
Local Union No. 1913 = Potters
Supply and Refractories, East L'v-
erpool, O.-James O'Reilly, Will
bur b. Doughty.
Local Union No. 177-Sanitary,
Robinson, Ill. = Floyd Umbarger,
Ross Terry
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
Disregard Of Humdn Factor
Brings Unrest, InefficiencY.
IAMHeud Tells G Conference

Chicago QLNS)-In the light of the consistent provo
cations and the disregard of the human element it
ing that we haven't had trouble the industrial front
than has actually occurred President Harvey W. Brown OF
the international Association of Machnsts declared here
Brown addressing conference on psychology in union
administration and collective bargaining at Roosevelt Col
lege obresved that progress the mechanical arts has not
been parallel by advances in the social and psychological
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22

Ask for Union Labeled merchan-
disc.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22

limitations on filing of future suits
under all three acts.
President Truman, in signing the
portal bill, made note of the fears
expressed to him about the various
and sometimes ambiguous sectioT
of the act, but he rejected Thea
fears as mostly unfounded, giving
his Interpretation of what the bill
will do.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
AFL WORKERS VOTE AFL
ON ARKANSAS GAZETTE

Atlanta (QLNS).-The Southern
office of the American Federation
Of Labor announces that reporters
and editorial employees of the Ar
kansas Gazette, daily newspaper at
Little Rrock, Ark, recently voted
10 to 0 for the AFL Local Union
2i166 as the bargaining agent for
the employees in this department.
Organizer j. ID. Mcpherson says
that proposed contract is in the
process of formation which will be
presented to the company in col
lective bargaining conferences at
an early date.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
RETURNS FINE
TO CARPENTERS

San Francisco, Calf. = Federal
Judge Michael j. Roche has order
ed the return of $4,000 in fines
paid by the United Brotherhood OF
Carpenters in 1941 in an antitrust
suit. The u. S. Supreme Court re-
versed the conviction.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22

supported federal money to aid
schools.
In contradictory testimony, Rev.
Samuel McCrea Cavert of the Fed
eral Council of Churches opposed
use of funds for services to chill
dren in non-public schools, while
Rev. William f.. McManus of the
Natl Catholic Welfare Conference
asked for use Of federal funds for
all children, regardless of whether
they went to public or non-public
schools
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-05-22
GARMENT WORKERS GAIN

Toronto OLNS). - A '40-hour
week, paid holidays and 10 per-
cent increase in basic rates are
among benefits won by Local 253,
United Garment Workers of Amer
lea in an agreement with 20 manu-
facturers here.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1947-11-01
Chicago Banker
Aids In Mixed
Housing Move

CHlcAGO.-With the state
ment that he was graufied to
see people really living dcmoc-
racy instead OF of just talking
about IT, for when people make
q voluntary approach in efforts
20 end unnecessary racial ten
slonS, | believe they should be
helped l.. Shirley Tark. prom
lncnt Chicago banker last week
turned over a $3.50 check to help
the SauganaSh Homes Tenants
Council at 5000 North Kllbourn
avenue in Chicago complete its
community center building
Through reading IN the Chi
cago Sun that white families IN
the project had invited some
Negro families. unable To find
decent housing. 10 move in with
them. lark became interested
The banker was photographed
with Mrs Frank Rotcckl (Whitc)
council president. and Mrs Ed
ward Stevens Jr. (colorcdl a
Council vicc-prcsident and their
children Mr.. Tark is president
Of both the Main State Bank
and of Devon-North Town State
Bank IN Chicago