davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-04-10
De GouIIe's Hat in the Ring

The launching of an organization
called "The Reunion OF the French
People" brings into the political
arena the hitherto uncrystallized
movement headed by Charles de
Gaulle. Whatever may be the OUT
come, this bold venture seems bound
to have profound repercussions upon
the entire French political situation.
That some such crystallization
was in the cards has been evident
ever since the former leader of the
French resistance and first pro-
visional president OF liberated
France emerged from his long re-
tirement to deliver the series Of ad-
dresses which, beginning at Brune-
val and continued at Strasbourg,
will be followed by others In key
cities throughout the country.
De Gaulle's immediate objective
is to arouse an irresistible public de-
mand for a referendum on the re-
vision of the existing constitution,
which he and his supporters have
from the first condemned as leaving
France prey to factional weakness
in a critical period when a strong
executive is a prime necessity. De
Gaulle points to the fact that the
constitution was adopted by only
million-vote margin 100000 as
against 8,000,O00), with another
100000 voters abstaining. He
counts heavily on those abstainers
to reverse the popular verdict If an
other referendum is obtained. And
his new political organization is de-
signed to awaken French public
opinion to the vital need for consti-
tutional change.
The Reunion of the French People
processes to be a nonpolitical move
ment, in the sense that it invites
adhesion to it from members of all
existing parties and plans to bore
from within them all in order to
rally to itself those in every party
who put the issue of constitutional
reform ahead of other matters. In
deed, this is the maneuver which
many Of De Gaulle's supporters say
should have been made right after
liberation, before the present par
ties had solidified.
Behind the paramount issue OF
constitutional reform lies De Gaulle's
opposition to Communist infiltration
and its threat to dominate France.
Although he has not yet emphasized
this theme, De Gaulle has already
made it clear that, in the last
analysis, he stands with the western
democracies in the diplomatic tug
of-war now evident between them
and international communism in
spired from Moscow.
Both these issues have naturally
aroused the French Communists to
bitter denunciation. echoed in
slightly less pronounced fashion by
the Socialists. As for the Popular
Republicans and Radicals they are
in a state of embarrassed confusion.
Only the Rightist groups, De Gaullist
in sympathy from the start, are
jubilant and ready to fall in behind
the campaign which De Gaulle has
definitely started.
Evening star., 1947-04-10
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

President Truman vetoed the Case
labor bill during the last session OF
the last Congress - before the 1916
congressional elections-but his actisn
did not bring victory to the Democrats
at the polls. In fact, this veto, together
with the fumbling OF the Democratic
administration over labor management
relations, was one of the reasons the
Republicans were swept into control of
the House and Senate.
With this bit of history in mind, the
President will before many weeks have
to decide whether he is to veto new
labor bill-a labor bill which In all
probability will be more far-reaching
than was the Case bill. The pressure
brought upon Mr.. Truman to apply the
veto will be tremendous. Those
Democratic leaders who fear the leaders
OF organized labor will undoubtedly
plead for veto. Perhaps not a little
will depend upon just what the new
labor bill contains. In view of the fact,
however, that the President and his
Secretary of Labor have turned their
backs, seemingly, on pretty much any
labor legislation, except for legislation
aimed at secondary boycotts, the
chances of veto appear bright.
Both the chairman OF the Senate
Labor Committee, Senator Taft Of
Ohio, and the chairman Of the House
Labor Committee, Representative Hart
ley Of New Jersey, Republicans, have
whipped labor bills into draft form.
Their respective committees will work
on the measures during this week.
Representative Hartley has promised
the Republican leadership Of the House
to have bill before that body the first
Of the week-with the expectation that
the House will pass the measure
promptly. Senator Taft's plan is to
have the bill finally through his COM
mittee by next Monday night.
So the hour of decision-for members
Of Congress on labor legislation is
virtually at hand. There seems no
shadow OF doubt that the House will
put through the Hartley bill-whose
by big vote. During the last couple
Of Congresses the House was always
able and ready to pass legislation re-
straining the arbitrary action Of labor
leaders and equalizing the labor laws.
The Senate was the stumbling block,
In those days, with the aid OF the White
House But In the Senate today there is
good prospect of putting through labor
legislation just as drastic as any that
may come from the House.
Chairman Taft, however, In committee
faces q bit different situation, for It
happens that three Republican MEM
bers OF the committee. Senator's Aiken
Of Vermont. ives Of New York and
Morse Of Oregon, are inclined TO balk
at pafts q tbs Taft bin. They, with
Evening star., 1947-04-10
We Leud the Nation

It is with pardonable pride that
Washington and its neighboring
communities have learned that their
overwhelming response to the 1947
Red Cross campaign has won them
first place among all American cities
In percentage Of oyersubscription.
There is cause for real qualification
in the announcement that the
Metropolitan Area went over the
top to the tune of 154.67 per cent.
According to Chairman Joseph q.
Grew, this was well above the highest
percentage recorded anywhere else
In the country.
There had never been any doubt,
Of course, that the District and the
neighboring counties In Maryland
and Virginia would raise their quotas
In the drive. We have been doing
that regularly since 1912, when the
city failed to attain It's quota and
was reproached by President Roose-
velt. There were reasons for that
failure, just as there are reasons for
subsequent successes. In the early
days OF the war the public was con-
fused by multiplying appeals for
funds and by uncertainty as to the
needs to be met. Campaign organ
national work, too, was in need Of
improvement.
Today none of these handicaps
exists. The magnificent achieve
ments Of the Red Cross In World
War II are still fresh In the public's
mind. Few were the families whose
members failed to see the Red Cross
in action-saving lives on the battle
fronts with blood plasma, attending
the wounded and sick in crowded
hospitals at home, aiding prisoners
of war, preparing bandages, doing
the many other things which only
the Red Cross is trained and
equipped to do In time Of war or
other emergency. The campaign,
therefore, was not a selling job"
In the usual Embarrassing sense. It
was job Of organizing the teams
of solicitors so thoroughly that every
citizen and every business and every
Governmental agency was given the
chance to share in the undertaking.
The phenomenal success Of this
years campaign is an eloquent
testimonial to the traditional gen.
erosity of Washingtonians and their
neighbors, to the splendid campaign
organization headed by Mr.. Grew
and to the esteem in which the Red
Cross is held by grateful people.
Evening star., 1947-04-10

the Democratic opponents OF the leg
islation, make the count to In
opposition. Nevertheless, the commit
tee will bring out bill. And when
it reaches the floor of the Senate, the
preponderance of support for bill
with teeth In 1t will make itself mani
fest.
The Taft bill. which in its original
form has already been made public,
amends the Wagner Labor Relations Act
It undertakes to make unions respon-
sible for their deliberate actions, just
as employers are now made responsible.
It specifies unfair labor practices on
the part of unions-which is a new
wrinkle entirely. Under existing law
the only unfair labor practices speci-
fed are those which may be attributed
to employers. It outlaws the 'closed
shop" but does not forbid union
shop" In closed shop, 1T Is irnpos-
sible to employ any worker who is not
already member Of the union. In q
union shop, worker not a member OF
union may be employed, but he rsshe
must join the union within period of
80 days after employment begins. Un-
der the. Taft bill abuses Of the union
shop are forbidden The aim is to pro-
tect the freedom Of action Of the work
ers. For example, If any employe is
willing to pay union dues, no employer
can dismiss him simply because the
union refuses to admit him, or expels
him from the union; further, union
shop Is illegal unless at least half the
employees vote for 1t.
X \ X
The Taft bill specifically outia WIS sec
ondary boycotts, jurisdictionaI strikes
and strikes in violation Of collective
bargaining agreements. They, If at
tempted, would subject unions to suits
for damages and injunctions.
These are only part Of the provisions
OF the Taft BILL The question Of IN
dustry-wide strikes is dealt with en1y
indirectly, however, and Is one with
which the Senate itself Is expected to
deal. The telephone strike, the coal
strikes Of the past and the proposed
telegraph strike have added impetus
to the demand that something be done
about tndustry-wide strikes that may
affect the welfare Of the whole people.
President Truman's first test on labor
legislation will come, however, on the
so-ca1led "portal-to-portal' pay bill,
designed to put an end to the labor
union suits for billions OF dollars which
aroused the country at the turn Of the
year. This bill Is In conference, hav-
ing passed both houses. It will go to
the President soon, however. It has
been suggested the President may sign
this measure and save his veto for the
main labor bill. BY approving the
portal-to-portal pay bin, he would avoid
the charge he Is opposed to any and all
remedial lshce 1e9islatton.
Evening star., 1947-04-10
The Cop Fits
n Dos,id LasrrsScs
From the New York Times.

Efom tne NeW YofK IlnieS.
Impolitic and badly timed as was his
charge against the President, Mr.. Bevin
has reason on his side In complaining
that government cannot give advice
and make demands, as Washington has
freely and repeatedly done on the Pales-
tine question, unless 1t Is ready to as
sumo responsibility for the policy ii
insists upon. How much have we done
to provide outlets for displaced persons?
How far were we ready to underwrits
and enforce partition or any other solu-
ton? The British decision to turn over
the mandate to the United Nations will
impose on this country a larger share Of
responsibility for Palestine than we have
been willing thus far to bear. y
Evening star., 1947-04-10
The Perfect Problem

Ny sons report card frig1stens me-
straight As
From English, mathematics. through
behavior:
Can any bog be normal sDlso can oGzs
Upon his te1cfsr a. he icould sGvsorf
He seenss too punctudJ, too bright to b
His fathers son ,o1so nsd5ored IN the
trick
OF hiding IN his tall geography
The Roper Boys, Tom SiDttt, and Dead
Eye Dick.
He Is no pio-tnil- IN he -tnkaDeH child:
No thun,b-tack champion or spat-bdu
1Dizard;
His desk Is orderly, his papers fled III
Nothing Is ftcked or UNTITLED, sc1yre6
or scfssorcd.
And his announcement ITO CroaD Sp late
bad"
Was quite the bscDest shock sp~
coszrz1 anpDE.xTosa.
Evening star., 1947-04-10

clinic care, they estimate 15 per cent Of
those being treated would hAve to be
hospitalized. "But We must treat them
now. Every month that passes makes
tho treatment vastly moro difncult," said
Dr.. Daniel Blain, chief Of the division.
Demand for Facilities.
Most In the former group would prob
ably need care at some time, but the
time has been greatly shortened by war
service. DR.. Blain stressed that for
some disqualification Is the only answer.
An example is the chotics-those who
remove themselves from reality and
falsify the practical side Of their every
day life. No disorder as serious as this
Is treated in clinic.
For all the york being done IN clinics,
DR.. Blain believes only about s per cent
Of the job is being done. OF the 100000
veterans, doctors figure half would come
In for care II facilities were available.
But every one Of the clinics now Is
handling capacity load. AT some,
veterans are being turned away, and
others are forced to remain closed be-
cause Of personnel shortage.
Some veterans come by themselves to
the clinics for aid, but most are routed
in by others their physicians, guidance
officers where they are In training.
Veterans Administration contact repre-
sentatives and, often; their families.
The Washington clinic now has four
full-time psychiatrists and six on part
time duty. The rest of the staff includes
six pSychiatric social workers, two clin-
ical psychologists and one nurse. Doc
tors have found they can work most
efficiently in three-man teams-psychi-
artist, psychologist and social worker.
The veteran visiting the center first
sees the social worker, who gets infor-
nation on his early life and emotional
background He next sees the psychi-
artist, who determines type Of treatment
he viii get. The psychologists are called
on largely to give personality and mental
tests that also are used to determine
treatment. -
The treatment may be limited to con-
ferences with the psychiatrist. But In
some cases. doctors use hypnosis, psy-
choafalysis or narcoanalysis to draw out
problems and get veterans to talk about
them. Different doctors have their own
pet techniques. A study OF them will be
undertaken soon to determine results
and efficiency of the various methods.
One OF the most successful, according
to DR.. Robert w. Webb Of the Washing
ton clinic, has been the group therapy
method. Here, veterans with similar
types OF problems latter numerous In
teryiews with psychiatrists-are gath
cred In groups Of four up to IL to talk
about themselves. DR.. Webb explained
that the ex-GIs often see their prob
lens in a more objective light after
realizing that others have the same
troubles.
There is no set time for length Of
treatment Some patients have been
carried for as long as 65 hours by psycfi-
artist interviews alone Others have
been released after 10 or Is hours, to
return periodically for discussions with
doctors about their progress.
tTomorrow: Training Doctors to Meet the
Demand)
Evening star., 1947-04-10
Soviet Atomic Policy

There is nothing particularly new
in Andres Gromyko's statement that
the Soviet Union favors the Ameri-
can principle OF world control and
inspection lat alb stages OF atomic
development. He has said substan-
TALLY the same thing before, and
30 has Foreign Minister Molotov.
Neither, however, has as yet shown
any readiness to give the principle
the teeth Of specific policing meas
ures. On the contrary, in his latest
remarks on the subject, Mr.. Gro
myko has made clear that Russia
dislikes even the relatively mild idea
of aerial surveys.
Yet it is obvious that there can be
no real control of the atom, no real
security against clandestine viola
tions, without an effective inspec-
tion system involving much more
than aerial surveys. Such system,
In addition to requiring a powerful
world authority unhampered IN any
respect by the great-power veto,
calls for a large number of elaborate
and complex safeguards. These
safeguards must include efficient
day-to-day operations in all coun-
tries by an international force of
hundreds of atomic detectives
men specially trained in the tech
nicalities of the problem and in
telligent enough to draw wise line
between legitimate policing and ex-
cessive shopping.
Such a system is indispensable to
genuine control. without it no ma
ton could feel safe. Even with it,
of course, there would be no absolute
guarantee against deadly violations.
Thus, as the War Department is
reported to have concluded in a
secret study, If our American plan
were in full force five years from
now (an unlikely prospect at the
moment) and if some country de-
cided to violate it, that country
could use the atom plants inside Its
borders to produce A-weapons
within a years time. This danger
must exist under the most rigid
kind of world supervision. Given
the supervision, however, there
would be clear warning signals, well
In advance, should any power dare
to break faith.
It Is for this reason that the War
Department hopes to see our Ameri-
can plan adopted. The plan would
not completely do away with the
possibility Of atomic aggression, but
1t would greatly minimize that pos
sibility. The risks involved in it,
tn other words, would be far less
than the terrible risk all nations
will face If 1t never goes into effect
the risk of a nuclear armaments
race. Canada already is stockpiling
small quantities of plutonium, the
explosive material of the A-bomb.
French sources declare that France
knows how to do the same thing.
Russia undoubtedly is working hard
on the problem. Five or ten years
from now, whatever we may do with
them, our American secrets probably
will be the property OF every I'M
portant country. In short, without
international control OF the sort
Evening star., 1947-04-10
It's Days Numbered?

To the Editor OF Tho Star:
Your April editorial, THE Russian
Question" strikes the nail ON the head.
I am afraid that you forget the fact
that only few months ago, the liberal
minde&' Russians canned several writ
ers because their creative works became
too personalized and ceased to portray
the spirit of world revolution.
It was purge, reminding all creative
writers and artists that they were being
paid and honored highly for only one
reason-the Red revolution.
No matter what Simonov writes and
no matter how many lectures nya
Ehrenburg delivers in Moscow, the days
Of the Red Kremlin are numbered.
PYRRHU6 JOHN DELI4AS.
Evening star., 1947-04-10

/
nnatoare.
A small, poorly-armed group Of med
ical specialists Is waging q bitter war
against mental disease and emotional
disorders that threaten to cost the Ma
ton millions of dollars and untold years
Of the lives Of its veterans.
The group Is the Neuropsyc chiaty Div1-
sion of the Veterans Administration. It
is barely managing to keep It's head
above water in job that has mush-
roomed fantastically during the last few
years.
Fifty-three per cent Of the lit 900 beds
In veterans hospitals now are devoted
to the care of veterans With mental dis
orders. Two-thirds Of the veterans served
during World War II.
This large percentage does not indi-
cate that mental patients are entering
hospitals at faster rate than other
patients. It means that their periods Of
disqualification are much longer. Last
year, for example, only IL per cent Of all
hospital admissions were for neuropsy-
chiatric ailments. About 50 per cent were
for general medicine and surgery and
per cent were for tuberculosis.
Veterans Administration doctors be-
lieve that 800, 900 World War II veterans
in civilian life now need mental care.
In addition, they say, another So 900 In
hospitals and homes for other treatment
could benefit from mental hygiene care.
They say so per cent Of those in soldiers
homes suffer from somezpersonality dis
order. For those hospitalized with such
gastro-intestinal ailments as ulcers. the
figure is thought to run as high as 30
per cent.
Preventing Future disqualification.
Faced with the future need for thou
sands of new hospital BEDS the division
has launched an intensive preventive at
tack to try to keep veterans from ever
reaching hospitals. In the past, ex-GIS
have been freely admitted to neuropSy-
chiatric wards, many to stay for the rest
Of their lives. Now, doctors are trying
to treat them as soon as emotional up
sets are discovered.
About 10000 such veterans now are
being treated in about SO mental hygiene
clinics throughout the country. The new
Washington clinic at 1925 H street NV.
Is an excellent example. <
Doctors say the veterans coming In for
treatment can be divided generally into
two groups.
The largest is made up Of men who
were not completely adjusted emotion
ally before they went into the Army or
Navy. The others-the pick of American
fighting men-went through long CON-
bat periods with hardly ever the need
for seeing a doctor.
Veterans in both groups have returned
to find civilian life as they remembered
it completely disorganized. Many, after
the strain of war service, have been over
come by worry and obsessions. Their
personal problems have become magni-
fied-heightened by troubles Of finding
a place to live, getting back to work and,
suddenly, being forced to make their own
decisions away from regimentation Of
soldiers life. Others, also under strain,
center their worries on national and
world problems.
With this group, doctors say they are
making most progress. Without the
Evening star., 1947-04-10
Send Harold the Bill
From the Denver Post.

from the Denver POST.
Talk by former Secretary Of Interior
Ickes about it costing 5000, 900 to res
store the name Hoover Dam" Is silly.
All that really needs to be changed -
the name plate on the dam. Expense
OF that is not expected to exceed $1,000
or 5000.
Certainly, 1t didn't cost 5000, ,000
when Ickes changed the. name To
Boulder Dam" Whatever the expense
Of restoring the name Hoover DAM
amounts to, the Government should
send the bill to Ickes.
Evening star., 1947-04-10
Helping the Handicapped

To the Editor OF The Star:
Your editorial, "For the Handicapped, I"
In The Evening Star of March 81, gives
warranted recognition to an important
group Of American civilians. f*
We in the Federal Security Agency
agree with you that Maj. Gen. Graves
B. Erskine, in his capacity as refrain
ing and e-employment administrator,
has aided materially in encouraging
recognition on the part Of the public,
and particularly employers, Of the fact
that physically and emotionally handi-
capped men and women-prepared for
. and placed In the right jobs-make ex-
cellent employees.
We share your expectation Of further
progress through the newly formed Ma
tional Association Tor Employment Of
the Handicapped
am sure you will wish to call to your
readers attention the fact that Gov
ernment services for this purpose do not
come to an end with the termination of
the Retaining and Unemployment Ad-
ministration. We have in this country
a continuing Nationwide Federal-State
partnership devoted exclusively to the
job of converting the handicapped into
productive, self sustaining, tax-paying
men and women.
Each State, the District of Columbia,
Alaska, Puerto Rico and Hawaii has its
own program of vocational rehabilita-
ton services. Right now more than 100.-
600 civilians are receiving the services.
The Federal aspects Of this program
are administered by the ONCE Of Voca-
tional Rehabilitation, constituent OF
the Federal Security Agency. Some 81
constitute the operating partners in this
enterprise. Last year they provided voca-
tional rehabilitation services at an aver
age cost Of less than $500 for each dis
abled person fully rehabilitated and
successfully placed on the right job.
$500 required to maintain disabled per-
son In dependency. It Is an expenditure
which brings substantial returns on the
investment. In the first year after their
rehabilitation, many of these people will
pay income taxes in excess of the cost
of rehabilitation. The aggregate earned
income of one years rehabilitants rose
from s11 100000 to $56, SOC, 900 in the first
IL months.
In addition to this Nationwide pro-
gram In which I'VE here in the Federal
Security Agency have q part, the Vet
erans' Administration, the Veterans
Employment Service, the State Employ
ment Services and other agencies. pri-
vate and public, are working to achieve
rehabilitation and employment Of the
handicapped. The National Association
for the Employment Of the Handicapped
thus has strong network Of publicly
and privately financed and operated
agencies to give point to its efforts. The
problem Is too large and too important
to expect any one association to bear
the burden alone.
MICHAEL j. SHORTLEY,
Director. Office Of Vocational Rehabili-
tte%f