davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17
The Book OF knowledge
Departments
THINGS)
HOW COAL: INSPIRED
d E

Coal was a great inspiration
of modern inventions. Let us see
how that was. Coal-mining at
first presented a great problem.
A certain amount of coal ap-
peared on the surface out
cropped, as miners say. That
could be easily dug. However,
after this coal was exhausted,
serious mining had to be done.
But how was it to be done?
Wherever coal was deeply
dug. water accumulated in t h e
hole. and no more coal could
be got until the water W a S
pumped out. So the miner was
compelled to devise means to
pump water on a big scale. The
necessity to do this led to the
invention Of the steam engine.
Deep coal-mining now became
possible.
In the same way, it was the
need to carry coal which first
led colliery men to lay down
rails to help to move coal
trucks; so that coal-mining LED
to the making Of the first rail
way. Gallery engineers next be
gan to think how the steam en-
CINE could be utilized to help
to carry coal on rails. Thus
the steam locomotive came into
existence.
Meanwhile. in 1850 Abraham
Darby had discovered how to
smell iron with coal instead OF
with wood. This gave the world
ample supplies of metal for
making machines. 1t is a curl
Gus thought that it was not
unit coal gave us plenty of iron
that it was worth while to in
vent machines. Su"nose that n
100 there had been born 3 great
genius who drew plans of the
ons of thousands If clever ma
hines which we know today.
His work would have been Of
little use in his time, because
there was not enough iron to
make large numbers of ma
chimes.
Coal has made the modern
world and changed the face Of
civilization Our age may truly
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

nav veteran, outciassed all
competitors, his 81 representing
more than three times the num-
her obtained by any other mem
Der.
Second place was won by
Billy Hunsinger of Fayetteville,
and third honors went to Jason
T. Norris of Tabor City. Hun
singer secured 10 members and
Norris IA. They received a
watch and radio respectively.
]. J. Ray, district com
mander, presented the prizes
and commended the veterans
for their record.
The membership banquet was
addressed by Judge John
]. Burney,
Attending from Whltevllle
were Commander and Mrs. Rod
Jordan, Junior Lieutenant DIS
trict Commander and Mrs.
Harper Hatcher and Mr.. and
Mrs. John Boone.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17
Long MINDED Reader
Sought To Read Code

SALISBURY, Md, Oct. Is. -
R- The Salisbury City Council
wants a long-winded reader.
An 80, o0O-word building code
was introduced more than a year
ago. but before all 212 pages were
read aloud at weekly meetings,
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

the 60-day limit for action had
passed.
Now the bill has been reintro-
duced, but inquiries for a fast
reader brought no volunteers.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17
WHITEVILLE VFW
TAKES TOP H0N0RS
Jordan Wins Watch For
Obtaining 81 New
Members

WHITEILLE, Oct. 10 -
Whiteville post of Veterans OF
Foreign Wars walked off with
TOP honors at the district VF.W
membership banquet in VII,
mington Saturday evening ana
it's commander, Rod Jordan,
brought home a handsome SloO
watch for his record of obtain
ing 81 new members.
The Whiteville commander, a
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

Soft and hard pines from the
far western states are distinct
from the heavier, harder, more
pithy yellow pines from the
south. Soft pine supplied for
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17
NEW TYPE PURSE
SNATCHING CASE
BATTLES POLICE

CHARLESTON, W. Va, Oct. Is
-F- Charleston police had a
new purse snatching procedure to
cope with today.
Mrs. E.. c. Leonard said an
automobile swerved to the curb
where she was standing to board
a bus and a man leaned from the
vehicle, grabbing her pocketbook
containing about 81.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17
JUNIOR CLERK

CHADBOURN, Oct. ga. J.
Williamson, Jr., was recently
employed as junior clerk by the
Chadbourn branch of the Wac
camaw Bank and Trust COM
pany. Young Williamson, a vet
eran of the recent World War,
has previously worked with the
Reliance Guano company and
Alred's Grocery in Whiteville.
He is a son of Mr.. and Mrs.
A. J. Williamson of Cerro
Gordo.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

many years the major
States. Unite
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

prospect, for many years to
come, that it will be exhibit
ed in museums.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-10-17

The number of stee1-maklng
furnaces in the United States at
the start of 1947 was approx
mately 1900.
The frontiersman., 1947-04-30
-Apr il 30. l947 SELOOVLA { BIGGEST

The biggest piece Of machinery that has over been brought in to 0eld oVia is now in ita final, roas ting pl- ace after 2 four day s tru5Gle with it. 4 twen ty-fivc ton piece of machinery is noth- ing tt all to play vi tn but rombers of thu Tonai Indus tr ies ployo6 it into si- tion with tho help Of Gene adsWor tn, GO. Swain and two bulldo- Z5rs.
 The 25 ton3r is . A5O TIP Superior Die- sol 6ngino br ought ha = r3 aboard the D5rgor b&r33, Honor, John Groothof of tho Sol- ( dovia FoWor .ondLigllt ( Company.
The frontiersman., 1947-04-30
The Fr onti1r sman " l. LEAN- UP
 pO5rtR5

Cleanup ook Pos- tors ar1 boing mad2 in thrca diff erent rooms at he GolGoNia School. The rooms th- at are working on th- is proioc t are; lis s Spence Is, Hiss 5and- cocks and IF .M2l- och's.
 .cIl lAS |hD R r
The frontiersman., 1947-04-30
.tPl [ A SURf : RF

The Dicki ; II loi t Sat. on a TUT Up to Ninilichik, stopping over night tt Doep Crook and it r , tlrn9d horo Sunday. 7asaon- gers included ;U!1ar l io and ,[r. No1son, olga, Anna, .!r. and ITS. Hal stead and Capt .Er 3uth
The frontiersman., 1947-04-30
Page SlVon | A 5 5 f ~ C v2
|. { 5 J
Harry I'Fh.i te

Harry Whit to left yastorday for Anchor- age wi tn Buck Douglas Ken Bowman as passen- gers. He returned in the aft9rnoon with Arnt Olsen.
 His trips to Homer have brought over and r returned tho foll owing 1tr. and Mrs. Joe Orazio Leo Iolff ano the Mac Tntyre brothors.
 BRAKES IS BACK
 Ar. Tr3d Fr akos is back from ashington and will again do ch- ator flying fr on tho ..t']nic ipal Air DOT t.
 ho is staying t9m- DOT ar fly with Dr.. ME. 1eltz of this city.
The frontiersman., 1947-04-30
POR # l2 I .
 A N CHO R A c {

 Norris Por ter l1f t 3eldoVia Fr iG@T for nchorag5 on lis fir run of t-1J year up , Inlat. .r. For ter cried fr 3i cit for 4. No t5r Of Folly elk.
 He Expoc ts to mako Inlet run on Q
 ly schedul9 now, " i'll % twico Q
 durin~ the busy .7, wON +n
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Not Nearly ENOUGH

In his latest definition of the Russian
view on atomic control, Andrei Gromyko
appears to have made definite commit
ment in favor of vetoless inspection
system cutting across national sovereign
ties. Heretofore, along with Foreign Min
lister Molotov, he has given only vaguely
worded support to the idea, but now he
has come out for it in specific and rather
detailed manner To that extent, his new
statement represents an interesting step
forward. But it is only small step at
best. In other vital respects, the plan he
proposes still seems worlds apart from ours
Mr.. Gromyko would establish an inter-
national control commission made up of
the eleven nations represented in the
Security Council, plus Canada. Apart
from being free to carry out inspection,
however, the commission would be en-
powered to do little more than make
recommendations to the different govern
ments and to the Council, where the veto
obtains. In other words, under the Rus
sisn plan, each country would act largely
on its own in conducting its atomic activ
tiles. The plan would outlaw Aweapons
and allow for a policing system, but it
would rule out the idea of great world
authority owning, operating or otherwise
controlling dangerous nuclear production
and facilities. Moreover there would be
no such thing as vetoless punishment of
violators; potential treaty breakers would
continue to have the protection of the Big
Five unanimity rule.
This is a far cry from our American plan.
That plan-which has the backing of all
members of the u. N. Atomic Energy Com
mission except the Soviet Union and
satellite Poland-includes as key element
a policing arrangement of the sort now
apparently supported by Mr.. Gronlyko.
But 1t also includes as equally important
elements the world. authority idea and the
principle OF. swift punitive action unham-
pered by the veto. An inspection system
essential as it isis not nearly enough for
adequate international control Unless and
until the Russians come around to agree
ing with the rest of us on this point, the
atom cannot be harnessed effectively for
peace.
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Britoin's Response to Marshall

No official American utterance mas
evoked more enthusiastic interest than
Secretary of State Marshalls address at
Harvard University. Foreign Secretary
Bevin's Characterization of the Marshall
announcement as lone of the greatest in
the worlds history" is the outstanding
note in chorus of praise from many sec
tions of British opinion, without distinction
of party. Conservative as well as Labor
spokesmen, together with broad gamut OF
editorial comment in the press and period
icals, hail Secretary MarshalPs approach to
the problem of economic reconstruction as
Offering new lease of life to lands and
peoples threatened with chaotic disinte-
grafton.
The tone and character of this wide
spread response indicate the sense of des-
perate need which infuses the British
mind. Like the British Statesman Can
ming, more than century ago, his sue
cessors once more "call on the New World
to redress the balance of the Old" Yet is
is significant of the progressive lntegratlon
of our planet that contemporary British
craftsmanship envisages more than Europe.
Mr.. Bevin revealed this broader outlook
when he said that while Britain is pre-
pared to take the initiative in preparing a
Joint economic program for Europe, as sug-
gested by Secretary Marshall, he hoped
that the rest of the world would not be
forgotten. And Britain's Foreign Secre-
tary went on to point out that, for his
country, the British Commonwealth and
the Far East have likewise deep Importance.
British opinion likewise realizes that any
effective program for Europe's rehablllta-
ton must be of a positive and far-reach1ng
character. That leading financial organ,
the London Economist, warns that it must
be more than simply adding up their ma
tional deficits and present the total of one
figure instead of half dozen. There is
only one achievement big enough to be
worth scores of billions of dollars, and that
would be full customs union of the main
countries of Western Europe" proml-
nent Conservative spokesman, Leslie Hore-
BeliSha, carries the argument to its logical
conclusion by linking the economic aspect
of Secretary Marshall's proposal with the
political concept of United States OF
Europe, so often proposed in the past and
today championed by Winston Churchill.
To be sure, the difficulties attending the
implementing of the idea are not over
looked by these British commentators. The
terrible urgency for action, the pressing
time element and, above all, the non-co-
operative attitude of Soviet Russia are all
duly recognized. Nevertheless, the sheer
overpowering necessity for constructive
action outweighs the realization of attend
ant obstacles in British minds Perhaps
the mood in England may best be sum-
married in the old adage: Where there's
will, there's a way"
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Red Faces Department

A lost memorandum caused all the red faces
over the Braden- -Messersmith resignation fum-
BILE.
President Truman patched up United States
differences with Argentina on June g. Next
step was to be the tactful liquidation of the
Braden- -Messersmith feud. The resignation of
Ambassador George Messersnlith was to be an
nounced about June 10, and Assistant Secre-
tary of State Braden's resignation was to be
made public June 12 But it happened in re-
verse order.
Braden had formally submitted his resigna-
ton, and when it went to the White House
the State Department attached memoran..
dunn saying it should not be given out before
June H. Somehow the memo got lost.
White House Secretary Charles Ross on June
received several inquiries about Bradens
status He found the resignation, and since no
memorandum was with it, he announced it at
once.
When President Truman at his news confer
ence next day was questioned about Messer-
smiths status, the President said the Ambassa-
doris mission in Argentina was finished but
that he had not seen his resignation.
Messersmiths resignation, in fact, had not
been formally submitted. But the State De-
partment, highly embarrassed by then, pre-
despite word from Messersmith that he could
be useful in Argentina if allowed to remain
there a while longer. So late on the day OF the
Evening star., 1947-06-15

clearly etched double furrow in the moist
sand. Near the average line OF high tide
the females begin their labors. Back and
forth they go, scraping shallow depres-
sion an inch or two in depth. Here are
laid the hundreds Of round, green-tinted
eggs. The males edge over the nests and
deposit the nlilt. From the cold-water
beaches OF Maine to the hot sands Of the
southern coastline the crabs lay their eggs
In four to eight weeks, depending on the
temperature of water and air, the eggs
hatch and within short time the infant
crabs seek sanctuary along the seas edge
in protected pools and grassy estuaries.
During the first year the crabs mott many
times, pulling themselves from their chiti-
nous shells with new, soft-leather shell
that hardens in few weeks.
The horseshoe crabs represent the oldest
form of life of which we know. There is
nothing especially exciting about them
just simple organisms that live in and near
the ocean. Children gather the empty
shells; they watch the stolid, phlegmatic
fellows work their way down the sands
after storm has carried them high on
the beaches. He who feels the call of the
sea and tramps the shoreline in summer
knows the crabs writing in the sand is a
link with the dawn of history.
Evening star., 1947-06-15
He Retired Too Soon

In quickly and unanimously confirming
the appointment of Norman Armour as
Assistant Secretary of State, the Senate
has given well-merited recognition to one
of the countrys outstanding career diplo-
mats. President Truman and Secretary
Marshall are fortunate in having prevailed
upon Mr.. Armour to return from retire
ment to the hurly-burly of postwar foreign
relations. His wide experience and wise
counsel should be of inestimable value to
the State Department, as they were before
he left the diplomatic service year and
q half ago.
The truth is that MIR. Armour retired
too soon, looking at it from the viewpoint
of the department. There had been no
diminution of his usefulness to the Nation
prior to his routine retirement to private
life. Indeed, he was at the peak of long
and exemplary career as representative
of the United States in scattered parts of
the globe That extended and varied serv-
ice included assignments to key posts in
Europe, the Far East and South America.
His final ambassadorial post was in Madrid.
In all of his missions he demonstrated
qualities which earned him not only the
commendation of his sureriors but the
respect and admiration of foreigners with
whom he dealt.
It is said that Assistant Secretary Armour
will take on larger responsibilities than
were assigned to his predecessor, Spruille
Braden Whereas Mr.. Braden was con-
cerned only with American republic affairs
Mr.. Armour is expected to Coordinate
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Carrying Economy Too Far

A proposal of the House Armed Services
Committee which would result in demo-
ton of seven four-star admiralS presum-
ably is being advanced as an economy
measure. BY taking one star away from
Admirals Raymond A. Spruance, Thomas
C. Kinkaid, Henry K. Hewitt, John H.
Towers, Dewitt c. Ramsey, Charles M
Cooke and Richard L. Conolly saving
of $1,7OO a year per officer would be
effected.
Aside from the fact that all of these
officers distinguished themselves in World
War II and well earned their four-star
prestige, there is an aspect to the proposed
demotion of Admirals Cooke and Conolly
that should be carefully considered before
final congressional action is taken Ad
miral Cooke is commander of our naval
forces in the Western Pacific. Admiral
Conolly is commander of naval forces in
the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.
1t Is true that those forces are not full
fledged fleets by any means. But they are
potent symbols of American military might
in two of the serious trouble spots of the
critical postwar period. Any reduction in
rank of the commanders of these rowing
forces is certain to damage the prestige of
these forces-and the prestige of the United
States-at a time when face counts i'm
measurably.
1t looks as though economy is being
carried too far when seven admirals who
served their country so valiantly in it's
darkest hours including two who still have
vital commands abroad, should be threat
ened with demotion for the sake of an
annual saving of S11 900.
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Cool Weather Wanted

TO the extent that it raises questions OF
! law, the suit for an injunction to prevent
Henry Wallace from speaking at the Water
Gate tomorrow night is matter for the
courts. And we may be sure that the
courts will decide the question in accord
ance with the law, and without regard to
any political consideration.
The action also raises question OF
public policy, however, and this can be, and
should be, discussed without any attempt
to interfere with the function of the
judiciary.
This suit was brought by an organlza-
ton which calls itself the American Anti
Communist Association. It contends that
Mr.. Wallace is in sympathy with the cause
of communism, that he is speaker whose
methods "incite human emotions toward
riot and insurrection," and it argues that,
because the President has moved against
Communists on the Federal payroll, Mr..
Wallace should be denied the privilege of
speaking on Federal property.
This is just plain silly. The Star has
already set forth it's complete disagreement
with the line which Mr.. Wallace has been
= following in recent speeches, and there is
no reason to suppose that he will follow
different line when he speaks here. But
If Mr.. Wallace wants to embarrass this
Government, and thereby give lift to
the Soviets, he still has the right to do so.
And while he has the right to speak, it is
foolish to attempt to deny him the oppor-
tunity to speak in public place.
All that the American Communist
Association is accomplishing is to give MIR.
Wallace build-up and, perhaps not I'M
Intentionally, to get little publicity itself
In this sense there may be certain
method to seeming madness. But other
wise the whole business is ridiculous-a
product of the silly season which came
upon us prematurely with last weeks heat.
fortunately, the forecast is for cooler
weather this week.
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Fifty Years Ago

The Star in an editorial on lynching, printed
June 8, 1897, quoted Gov. Russell OF North
Carolina as having an
N. c. Governors nounced: "Mobs who attack
v:.... jails should be shot down.
Lawless men must be made
to know that this is land of law. The way to
end lynch law is to remove the excuse for it.
It is no justification to say, what is not denied,
that In many cases the victims deserve what
they get. Barbarian brutes who commit name
less crimes must be killed and killed quick, but
let it be done under the forms of law. Let
there be none of the laws delay. Give the
executive the power to call q court instanter,
order judge by telegraph to the county of
the crime, and Try the criminal. If proper for
an appeal, convene the appellate court on
the shortest possible notice, send down the
judgment, and instantly perform its mandates .
Closing exercises of the school conducted by
the Misses Fiffey at 1895 Corcoran street NV,
were held on June IL,
The Misses Fiffeys 1897, and The Star on
Pupils the following day re-
ported: 1.-The program Of
recitations, French dialogue and songs, while
a long one was entertaining, and the large
number of relatives and friends of the partici-
pants in attendance heartily applauded every
feature" Pupils mentioned as sharing in the
proceedings included Margaret Farnham,
Bessie Lyman, Fanny Manning, Grace Riggles,
Annie Crenshaw, Lizzie Goodno Irene Cahill,
Jewel Hay, Faith Perry, Mana and Clara Port
ner, Frances Burt, Ethel King, Lillian Harris,
Jennie Brownow, Blanche Hoffman, Clifton
King, Edward and William Kemper, Karl
Storey, Arthur Farnhan, Paul Hay, Gus and
Myers Crenshaw, Arnold Wilson, Gussie IIlmer
and Robert F. Fleming, the last named of
whom, when the incident was mentioned to
Evening star., 1947-06-15
Horseshoe e Crubs

To one who has feeling for history and
a realization that life has been evolving on
this planet through aeons of time there is
something particularly interesting about
horseshoe crabs. For some 3OO,0o0,o0o
years the crabs and their ancestors have
made tracks on the sandy beaches that
slope upward from salt water.
Each spring the horseshoe crabs come
out of the sea by the millions, and perhaps
tens of millions, to perform the ritual or
dained by ages-old instinct Usually the
shell-armored tribolites come from the
water after dark has fallen. On calm
moonlit night in June you can see them
spushing slowly up the beach, leaving q
Evening star., 1947-06-15
A Bod Bill

At a time when foreign nations are
critically in need of dollars to buy things
from us, nothing could seem more un-
realistic than the Senate-House conference
agreement on the tariff-boosting features
of the wool-support bill. Nor could any
thing be better calculated to wreck the
American-led international meeting at
Geneva to work out a program for freer
world trade.
AS far as the dollar shortage abroad is
concerned, this bill would have the effect
of intensifying it, Wool represents about
95 per cent of Australia's dutiable exports
to us, and 1t is an important part of our
trade with New Zealand and South Africa
In moving now to subject 1t to a tariff
that could run so per cent higher than the
present high rate of "a cents pound, the
Senate-House conferees have in effect
moved to make more difficult than ever
the effort of vital segments of the British
Commonwealth to acquire the wherewithal
they must have to pay for all the imports
they need from us. This seems little short
of folly especially when related to the fact
that one of the most serious problems of
our tlme-in terms both of our own pros
perity and the recovery of the worlds
the lack of dollars in foreign lands.
From the long-range viewpoint, more
over, the effect of this measure on the
objectives of the Geneva Conference could
be disheartening in the extreme. The
United States has been seeking to spread
the doctrine of reciprocal trade as one of
the essentials of sound peace-a doctrine
aimed at mutual lowering of friction
breeding tariff barriers in an ever-expand-
ing area. Without such program, as our
Government leaders have said over and
over again to the world, we can have only
economic warfare, which in turn can SOW
the seeds of armed conflict. Wool is a
symbol OF our sincerity in this respect; If
we now move to increase the duty on it.
our fine words will have hollow and
mocking ring at Geneva, and other nations.
fearing the beginning of a congressional
assault on our past reciprocity policy, will
have good reason to accuse us of saying
one thing and doing the exact opposite.
The wool-support bill can be attacked
on other grounds besides these, but it's
implications as regards dollars and reci-
proclty are enough to make clear that it
ought not to be enacted in its present
form. 1t Congress as whole adopts the
Senate-House conference version, then the
President will be justified In vetoing it.
1t simply cannot be reconciled with the
role the United States must play in an
economically sick world.