davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
Swift Transition Period Already Upon Us
Va. Buses
Continue
Segregation

Richmond, Va, Jan. -(NNPA)
Unless the United States bup-
RENE Court renders another de
cision requiring a change, Vir-
ginia bus companies will con
tinue operating under their rules
which stauel fhat colored and
white passengers Shal lbe seq.
regated on the vehicles, John j.
Wicker, ir., attorney for Virgin
ia railways, said last WedneS-
day.
Virginia bus companies adopted
the rule TO get around the de
ciSion of the United States Sup
RENE Court in the case Of Mrs.
Irene Morgan, holding invalid a
Virginia statute which required
aggregation of colored and white
passengers travelling interstate on
buses.
Mr.. Wicker said two Virginia
courts have taken different views
regarding the companies, right
to enforce race segregation rules,
He said the Fairfax Circuit Court
convicted Mrs. Lottie Taylor of
New York on a charge of dis
orderly conduct arising out of
her refusal to move to rear
seat on a Virginia Stage Lines
bus on September II as directed
by the bus driver.
The Richmond Hastings Court
ON January II found Samuel
Tucker, an Emporia (Virginia)
attorney, not guilty on a similar
charge.
In announcing his decision, Jul
dSe John l.. Ingram of Hastings
Court said that enforcing the race
segregation rule of the bus com
panies under the "disorderly con-
duct" statute would be tanta-
mount to doing indirectly what
cannot be done directly because
Of the Supreme Courts final de-
ciSion in the Morgan case.
The Fairfax case is being APP
pealed to the Virginia Supreme
Court of Appeals and, as test
case, may go to the United States
Supreme Court, Mr.. Wicker said,
Meanwhile, bus companies intend
to continue to enforce their pre-
sent rules, which direct bus dri-
Vers to seat colored passengers in
the rear and white passengers in
The front.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01

jackson, Miss. - The War De
partment placed a distinctive hon
or on Mrs. ] w. Inge, former
Civilian Service Worker at Tus-
kegee Army Air Field, when 1t.
Col. Donald G. Mcpherson, Com
handing Officer, presented her
with the Emblem for Meritorious
Civilian Service. One of the few
race women in the country to
receive this, award, Mrs. Inge was
cited for contributing the follow
ing services above and byond the
call of duty: 1. Analysing and re-
viSing procedures used in the Cost
Accounting Units of Air Corps
Supply which speeded up services
to Airplanes, reduced errors in
Accounting and sawed the Gov
eminent a minimum of $4,000 per
year 2. Trained new personnel,
without relinquishing any of her
assigned duties and thus helped to
bring them into full production
within a much shorter period of
time than was formerly taken.
3. Taught co--workers to type dur
ing their lunch and rest periods
without compensation A. AT a
time when the demand for type
writer desks was great, and the
purchase of the item critical, she
designed typewriter table which
was locally manufactured at an
over all cost of $1,000 and re
placed the standard tpye desk
which cost from $3.50 to S4S.1O.
Use of the design eliminated Post
Type Writer Table difficulties.
Mrs lnge is a member of Alpha
Delta Zeta Chapter of Zeta Phi
Beta Sorority, a graduate of Jack
son College, and of Louie Miller
School of Millinery, Chicago. At
Mrs. Inge is enrolled as
Stenotypy student of LaSalle Elk
tension School of Dress Design,
Chicago.
The letter awarding the En-
blem to Mrs. Inge is as follows:
HEADQUARTERS
TUSKEGEE ARMY AIR FIELD
TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA
January 3, 1947
Subject: Emblem for Meritor-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01

ed IN support CT an immaculate
extra Grand Session.
DR.. J. C.. Russell, a White ply
Sican and surgeon of Clarksdale,
Mississippi was called to temper
arily replace DR.. Howard by the
board Immediately following his
custer. According to reports, when
Dr.. Russell appeared to take
charge of the hospital, every pa
tient, some Of whom were bed
ridden, left the hospital and re
turned to their homes with the
exception Of one little boy. Early
this week, the conditions at the
hospital which heretofore has
been regarded among the best
managed in the State regardless
to race, was in a state of turmoil.
Having set a high record of
surgical proficiency which was
virtually beyond attack by those
who planned the custer move,
DR.. Howard complained that the
groups Sought tol inflame 1.-THE
White community against him by
stating that his progressive pro
gram in the community had made
it impossible to hire negro farm
labor for less than three to five
dollars per day, who before his
coming could be hired for as little
as seventyfive cents per day. He
also said that the White leaders
in the community had been told
that his ideas Of proper and har-
mOnious race relations and inter
racial goodwill was proving
bad influence among the Negro
people of Mound Bayou and the
Delta sections of the state. For
tunately however, DR.. Howard
said the White leaders of the
community had not accepted these
arguments.
In an effort to obtain a state
ment from Mayor Ben Green ear
ly Tuesday of this weep, he de-
clined comment but stated that
he would make a statement fol-
lowing further developments in
the matter.
Observers here saw the possible
custer of Sir P. M. Smith, Grand
Mentor, Mayor Ben Green, legal
council and most of the members
of the board who were leaders
in the custer movement with the
converting of the extra Grand
Session of the organization.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
Top Stars Boycott
Washington
heatres

NEW YORK-(NNPA) - Some
OF the cop stars of the theatre
world voted early last Tuesday
morning to boycott theatres il
Washington which bar colored
people from attending perform
ances.
Their action, following closely
a similar boycott set up by Rob
ert Sherwood and other leading
authors and dramatists, will leave
Washington with little but sec.
ond-rate plays, actors and reviv-
ais when the theatre season open
there next fall.
Lillian Hellman, author of "The
Children's Hour" and Watch on
The Rhine" THE Little Foxes
and "The Searching Wind" at
tended the meeting called by the
theatre wing of the American Vet
Grams Committee to protest dis
elimination in Washington thea
tres and get larger support of the
boycott from Actors Equity.
She said she was present not
only to protest discrimination in
Washington theatres but also to
protest the fact that action was
contemplated only in Washing
ton, She said none of her plays
would be presented in any thea
tire which practices such discrim-
ination.
A tribute was paid to the cast
of Joan of Lorraine" for the
stand they took during the run
of the show at George Washing
ton University's Lisner Auditor
ium which also bars colored peo-
pie from seeing performances
there. The cast, during their en-
gagement at Lisner Auditorium,
denounced the Jim Grow rule of
George, Washington University and
supported the picketing of Lisner
Auditorium.
The meeting was opened with
a documentary play in which Sam
Wanamaker starred. The report
of Alfred Harding, assistant to
the president of Equity who stu
dided the theatre situation in
was used as a basis
Of the play. Zero Mostel did a
of United States Sen
ator that had everybody rolling
in the aisles.
Miss Ida Fox, secretary of the
Committee for Racial Democracy,
d. c., told the actors
and playwrights that people
throughout the country usually
petitioned Congress and the Presi-
dent for redress of their griev-
ances, but inasmuch as residents
of Washington were voteless,
she had to reverse the usual or
der and come to New York and
ask actors through the AVG to
help bring democracy to the Ma
TONS Capital
Scrolls were presented to Miss
Ingrid Bergman, who is appearing
in the title role of Joan of Lor-
raine," Mr.. Sherwood and Paul
Robson who was absent.
Joining the boycott were Miss
Helen Hayes, Jimmy Savo, Ruth
Draper, Victor Moore, Fredric
March, Cornelia Otis Skinner,
Steller Adler, Burgess Meredith,
Judith Anderson, Zero Mostel, Eva
LIE Caffeine, Ruth Gordon, Flor
ence Eldridge, Paul Lawrence, Al
fred Drake and Jose Ferrer.
Producer Oscar Hammerstein,
II, Dancer Sano Osato and Com
posers Aaron Copeland and Har-
Did Rome also signed.
Pledges signed by actors
and actoress seread:
Il condemn and decry the prac-
ice of discrimination in the thea
.er as an action completely in
with all the basic
principles Of the profession.
"As a first step to combat this
svil I will not knowingly contract
% perform in any play in any
heatre in the city of Washington
which practices such discrimina-
Continued on Page 81 !
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
iuos Civilian Service
10 Mrs. Lillian M. Inge
III Dalton Street
Iockcnn Micc;ccip,o,
Jackson, MiSsissiDDi


|. Letter, War Department, a.
bove subject, dated 16 December
,1946, approves recommendation
submitted by this headquarters
for award of Emblem for Meri-
tOriuos Civilian Service to YOU
for outstanding service.
2. 1t is with profound appreci-
alton of your value othe SER
vice that this award is presented
to You, for it reflects devotion
t oduty and service above and
beyond its call. Wear it with
pride richly deserved.
Donald G. Mcpherson
1t. Col, Air Corps
Commanding
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
Negro Soldiers
Take Over Choicest
District in Japan
MOVE CALLED EXPERIMENT

Gnfu, Japan, Jan. - (NNPA) -
A colored regimental combat team
will take over three Of the choi-
ceSt Japanese districts soon when
the "a the Infantry Regiment joins
the occupation forces.
Already the third batillion Of
the Twenty-fourth, 1,100 men, is
training at camp ten miles from
Gifu and $50 miles west Of Tokyo.
The regiment viii be near its full
strength of 5000 soon with the
scheduled arrival of the first and
second baliliions.
Here january 20 on an inspec-
ton trip, Lieutenant General Ro-
bert L Eichelberger, commander
of the Sth Army, praised the
colored troops and told them, 81
see no reason why you should
not be the snappiest outfit in
Japan"
The new combat team will take
over Gifu, Shizouka and Aichi
districts, nowl policed by the
Twenty-seventh Infantry. The
9th will replace the Fourth In
fantry, which will be inactivated.
Th eregiments a part of the Twen-
ty-Fifth Division under the COM
mand of Major General Charles
l.. Mullins. Jr., with headquarters
in Osaka.
The oath was the first siveable
colored unit 10 see combat in the
war n the Pacific theater. After
some action in the southwest Pa
cifica it was converted into a
labor unit and ended the war in
Okinawa.
Its incorporation into the 18th
Division will be the Army's first
EXPERIMENTATION OH a report on
the use Of colored troops, made by
a board headed by Lieutenant
General Alvin C Gillem and adop-
led as War Department policy
May 6.
The report recommended that
colored troops be recruited in the
one to ten ratio = th esame as
the proportion of colored people
in the population = and that col
ored units be intregrated into the
white outfits.7The Army contem-
plates no future all colored divi-
sions. such as the 92nd and the
93rd.
General Eichelberger said cad
re of 20 officers an d515 men from
the 25th Infantry Combat Team
tationed at Fort Benning, Geor-
Sia, would arrive in February to
strengthen the new regimental
team. Recruits have been
added rapidly since the original
cadre, commanded by Lieutenant
Colonel CASTOR Eiker Of Sher-
man, Texass flew in from Okin-
ava in October.
Bill Costello broadcasting the
News of the World" from Tokyo
over the Columbia Broadcasting
System January 20, gave the fol-
lowing description of the inspec--
ton of Camp Majestic, a former
Japanese air base in Central Jap
an, where the Twenty-fourth In
fantry Combat Team will be sta
toned:
To-day in Japan / saw the be-
ginning of ne wAmerican ex-
pertinent in race relations. If the
succeeds, the United
States Army in the Twenty four
tn Infantry Regiment will have
its first regular regimentel COM
bat team composed entirely of
negro soldiers.
81 saw The regiment taking
form and establishing itself at
the west HonshH city of Gifu
during a "a hour inspection trip |
with Lieutenant General Robert
L. Eichelberger. Commander of
the Eighth Army.
''The objective That best des-
cribes General Eichelberger is
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
McGiiI Tells Tuskegee Farmers Con-
ference South Cannot Continue
Denial Of Equal Opportunity And
Justice To Negroes Without Failing
Economically and Spiritually
Calls For New Banker Farmer Relation
To Meet DisIocations Of INFLAMMATION
prattis In Featured Talk

cribed how with the aid of his
family, he had been able to erect
commodious and comfortable
home with rocks gathered on his
farm.
Race Relations
In keeping with traditions Of
the Farmers Conference, there
was free and frank discussions on
subjects of white-Negro relations.
81 believe" said Mr.. McGill,
more and more persons in the
South are awakening to the fact
that whether they like it or not
they cannot go on according to
the Negro lack of opportunity,
equal opportunity and justice and
human rights, without failing
economically and spiritually. The
onlysupremecy which can meet
the test of time is the supremacy
OF law and justice and human
rights"
81 saw in Nuernburg,' contin-
ued Mr.. McGill, "and in the con-
centration camps, the result of
prejudice and of the German at
the South, be convicted and
crushed"
Mr.. Prattis sees now as the
time for the Negro to think of
himself "as a citizen of the Unit
ed States and as one who has
some significance to the whole.
1t is not easy for a people who
are three hundred years have had
inferiority whipped and drilled in
to them to suddenly remove the
scales from their eyes and slip
from their chains of habit and
indoctrination SO that they can
see themselves according to their
true stature and worth. But you
must do so and you must encour-
age your children to do so if the
American Negro is ever to enjoy
first-class citizenship in this coun-
try"
Such resolute determination to
"attain first-class citizenship"
will, in the opinion of Mr.. Pratt
It's, offset the statements of those
in the South who claim that IF
it were not for the aginating Ne
groes in the North, all would be
calm down here"
A significant note on race re-
lations was injected by Lucius
Pollard, Macon County Negro
farmer. who urges his people to
learn business methods as a pro-
lection. Lots of our people"
he said, "try to buy land and do
not understand interest from prin-
cipal. They pay interest each
year and think they are buying
the place. Then one day, they
wake up after failure to pay an
interest installment and find them
selves faced with foreclosure and
swear that white folks have taken
their property"
Merit Award
A Negro farmer from Eutaw,
Alabama, told the audience on
Wednesday morning, how as a
teen age farm boy, he sold some
calves, which he had acquired
from his father, for $4,000 and re-
invested that sum in other calves
for growth and marketing. Now
at the age of 81, he owns more
than 1000 acres of farm land,
over 600 head of cattle, two saw
mills and ''in-between-times,"
sells automobiles, trucks and
tractors.
Mr.. Brown was presented by
President F. d. Patterson, the an
nual Tuskegee Certificate of merit
for outstanding accomplishments
Continued on Page 81
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
knights And Daughters Of Tabor Face
Serious Division Over Custer
OF Famed Surgeon
Jealousy OF Old Time Mound Bayou
Clique HeId Responsible For Move

Mound Bayou. Miss, = DR.. +
r.. Howard, surbeOn-in- charge OF
the Taborian Hospital here, who
brought fame to The hospital De
cause of his surgical proficiency
and vao focused q n-W spotlight
OF interest OH the town of Mound
Bayou because of he progressive
&c rem which h sponsored, was
ovSted as surgeon-in-chief of the
Taborian Hospital here when the
general board Of tn eKnishts and
DAUGHTERS of Tabor refused to re-
new his contract which expired
on Wednesday January 18th. The
custer became effective when
Mayor Ben Green of Mound Bay
on who is also council for the
organization, ruled that the exist
ing contract Of DR.. Howard eXpir-
ed at midnight, January 18th.
The Knights and Daughters of
Tabor reputed to be the largest
fraternal organization in the State
whose membership rose from 49,
900 during the 5-year tenure OF
DR.. Howard who sponsored the
opening of the Taborian Hospital
here whose surgical skill spread
the reputation of the hospital
throughout the state and Nation,
was faced with serious division
as a result of the move, ouSting
DIR. Howard.
In a telephone conversation
with the jackson Advocate early
Tuesday morning, Dr.. Howard
said the custer movement was a
result of jealousy on the part
of the old-time Mound Bayou
ruling clique because of the pro-
gresSive reforms that he had in
Stituted in the town of Mound
Bayou. Charging that the board
of the organization was dominated
by the ruling Mound Bayou eli
que, he said that the refusal to
renew his contract was the re-
suit of the over balancing influ-
ence on the Board of Directors
of Mayor Ben Green, Fred H.
Miller, editor of the Mound Bayou
New Dibest with the support of
Rev. H. H. Hume, president of
the State Baptist Convention and
editor of the Delta Leader.
The story of the work of DR..
Howard and the progressive re-
forms which he had instituted at
Mound Bayou was recently the
subject Of a iaudatory story in
the Saturday Evening Post by
Holding Carter, White Editor of
the Greenville, Mississippi Demo
crat Times, a writer of national
distinction.
According to the statement of
Dir. Howard, the board acted al
together contrary to the will of
the vast majority of the members
of the organization. In support
of this statement, he said that
more than two-thrdS of the 1923
Deputy Grand Mentors, the heads
of Taborian; lodges throughout
the state have already rejected
the action of the board by the
end of last week and had demand
ed an immediate call for an extra
Grand Session of the organiZa-
ton to countermand and repud-
late the action of the board. Late
last week Mayor Ben Green, coun-
Gil for the organization and mem
Der Of the board said that the ac-
ton of the Lodge heads were il
legal because Of a lack of unifor
nifty in their statements. Subse
quently, a uniform partition call
ing for an extra Grand Session
was sent to all Deputy Grand
Masters and by Tuesday more
than 400 had already been return
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
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Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01
PRATTls IN FEATURED TALK

PRATTlS IN FEATURED TALK
Tuskegee Institute, Ala, Jan.
%, 1947 - Feature addresses of
the seth Annual Farmers Confer
ence held here this week sounded
a note of warming concerning the
imminence of mechanization in
farming with its attendant dis
locations of farm labor and the
necessary realignment in banker
farmer relations.
81 see the machine in one field
and a man with a hoe and mule
in the next field not comprehend
ing what it MEANS" said Ralph
McGill. Editor of the Atlanta Con-
stitution, who spoke during the
closing session.
Continuing Mr. McGill said, 81
see the man in the bank, in the
store and in political office watch
ing daily scene and not compre-
bending the fact that a swift,
not at all slow, transition period
is already upon u.s."
Speaking to farmers and farm
leaders at their annual banquet
on Tuesday evening, P. l.. Pratt
tbs, Executive Editor of the Pitts
burgh Courier, predicted that
farming machine 'are going to in
wade the South in larger and
larger numbers and will dispos-
sess thousands and thousands of
workers. Only the farmer with
brains and capital will survive
and the farmer who cansurvive
and grow during the changes
which are bound to take place in
the next few years is going to
be an important man whether he
is black or white.
Low Cash Cost
Housing Demonstrated
The spacious platform in Logan
Hall was set up with demonstra-
ton of low cash cost housing in
which sand and gravel, SO abund-
antly available in creeks and
eroded hillsides, was used.
In the midst of the sand, gravel,
cement, completed blocks, and
structural process which en-
phasized the economics of home
building, there was a reproduc-
ton of a lone chimney CHASTITY
and mute reminder of farm houses
destroyed by fire-so frequently
seen on highways passing through
rural areas.
Robert r. Bell, agricultural en-
gineer, and r. B. Durham, in
structor in brick-masonry, discuss
ed the technical process in max
ing blocks with cleverly de-
signed construction plan which in
sures maximum protection from
fire, and from extremes of win
ter cold and summer heat.
P. H. Stone, State Leader of
Negro Extension Work in Georgia,
paid tribute to President F. d.
Patterson of Tuskegee Institute
for his leadership in initiating
this housing experiment. with it's
many novel and unique economies.
Mr.. Stone outlined three basic
which assure wide
spread acceptance of this better
rural housing program:
(a) Desire on the part of all
members of the farm family for
a better home
(b) Income and organized eff !
fort in the home to achieve the
desired end, and
(c) The know-how for build
ing them.
Major Willis, a Negro farmer
Of Chambers County, Alabama, de-s
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1947-02-01

ed in support eff an immediate
extra Grand Session.
The Nome nugget., 1947-05-07
$. s. Companies To Enter Air

WASHINGTON CP)-American steamship companies asked Con greSS Tuesday to take down what they termed bureaucratic barri- CTS" now blocking their partici- patton in international air trans portation.
 Tirey L. Ford chairman of the sea-air committee formed by II steamship companies, gave their views to the House interstate and foreign commerce committee.
 He advocated enactment of a bill by Rep. Fred Bradley CR.- MichD, that would direct the civil aeronauticS board to consider ap- plicatiOns of these companies on the same basis as any other appli- cants.
 Ford testified that until recently CAB has held that the law eX- cluded the operation of air routes by steamship companies.
 Even though it has now reVers- ed this stand, he said, the board still holds that the law contains statutory standards" that prevent such operations by shiplines. He said the Bradley bill would elim- mate these bureaucratic barri- CTS"
The Nome nugget., 1947-05-07
Commons Okavs Naturalization

LONDON, (P)-The labor gov ernmentS drive to nationalize Britain'S key industries neared its final goal Tuesday with approval by the House of Commons of a measure to bring under public ownership all inland transport railroads, buses, trucks, subWayS, street cars and canals.
 The bill now goes to the House of Lords, where heated opposition by the overwhelming conservative majority is expected, but rejec- ton of the measure by the upper house would force a constitutional crisis which might further restrict the already limited powers of the Lords.
 "If the House of Lords attempt 10 frustrate the b.Il," Aneurin Be van, labOrite minister of health, declared. we shall set their re- sistance aside. Speaking for my self only, I would set the House of Lords aside anyway"
The Nome nugget., 1947-05-07
Chapman Against Alaskan Workers

CAP Special Washington Service)
 WASHINGTON, (P) - Opposi- ton by Oscar l.. Chapman, under secretary of the interior, appar- ently spells defeat for a bill by Delegate Bartlett proposing to give priority of employment in fisheries of the Territory to Alas kans.
 Bartlett issued statement Tuesday disclosing that Chapman had opposed the bill before the House merchant marine and fish cries committee.
 Chapman said the department was anxious to develop stable and permanent population in the Ter