davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Wasting an Opportunity

Washington's Juvenile Court should be
the source of valuable material relating to
juvenile delinquency. One of its impor-
tant functions should be the continuing
ANALYSIS of case records which would lndl-
cate the pattern Of circumstance that
brings children before the court, the most
effective and the least effective treatment
as shown by experience.
Yet for many years the courts annual
request for an analyst and the small stan
necessary to compile and interpret statls-
tical records has been denied 1t has been
denied again this year. In consequence
the court is unable to furnish statistical
evidence of the highest Importance regard
ing the effectiveness of the policies under
which 1t operates 1t is unable to answer
any number of questions in connection
with the nature of the problem 1t is sup
posed to treat.
The economy represented in disalloWing
funds for an analyst and staff is question
able Four positions requested in this field
this year would have cost $13,5OO. 1t
would have increased, Of course, the cur
rent years appropriation of 1921, 500. Yet
the court collects from wage earners, for
the support of families coming within It's
jurisdiction, nearly hundred thousand
dollars more each year than it costs to
operate the court 1t is handling an annual
volume of about 1000 old cases and 1000
new complaints every year-a load that
increases as the population grows. 1t Is
doing this with q staff so limited that 1t
is barely able to keep abreast of its cur
rent task 1t lacks the means to gather
and analyze results which would add
greatly to existing knowledge of Juvenile
delinquency, especially the success or fail
ure Of methods chosen to deal with it.
This situation does not represent, in The
Stars opinion, any sound economy. If
we have no orderly method of studying
this problem and making use of the vast
amount of undigested material which the
Juvenile Court assemblies, we are wasting
opportunity more valuable than the dol
lars that are saved.
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Efficient Kitchens

AS one reads the attractive home and
garden magazines that have come to be
an important course in the Nations read
ing menu, it is interesting to observe the
increased space given to kitchen planning.
A decade and more ago the emphasis was
on sunrooms, living rooms and bedrooms.
Today the sunroom is not so important.
Game rooms are featured. Screened
porches have regained the position they
held in Grandfathers opinion and porch
rockers are featured in furniture stores.
But the most significant change regards
the thinking concerning kitchens.
It was fashionable before the war to
emphasize that kitchens should be small
compact food laboratories" Home econ
omists talked about food preparation
centers" The general idea was as few
square feet of open space as possible with
the refrigerator, stove, cupboards, sink and
working surface within arms reach.
theoretically the architects, contractors
and blueprint experts were on the right
trail Studies by the home demonstration
agents of the State Experiment Stations
and by private concerns have proved that
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Season of the Mind

The ,pinter Is the season of the n,tnd
We dritt too lazily through summer days.
Spring is time for feeling, not tor
thought:
And autumn stuns US ptth its short-liued
blaze.
But ,ptnter has fine austerity,
Keen ,utnds to stimulate our mental ftght,
Precise In silhouette OF leafess trees,
noUfakes geometrtcal delight.
our ,oits are sharpened by the seasons
edge
And old ambitions come to lite again
And NE are eager, yes, and confident
As Uinter s,Deeps the cooweos from the
brain.
1t Is the time when books are Ike old
friends,
And ,oe may choose the mood that ws
desire
Re orape ,pith Emerson or sly With S,otft
While Shakespeare Ddrnas US IKE
cleaning fire. -
ELEANOR OWEN PENICK.
Evening star., 1947-12-03
The Ruhr as Touchstone

Out of the elaborate maneuVerlng at the
London Conference of Foreign Ministers,
the Ruhr seems to be emerging as at least
the immediate crux OF the German prob
lem. The complexity of the Ruhr question
Is reflected in the conflicting views over
the Ruhrs future which exist not only
within the United States delegation.
1t has become a truism to say that the
Ruhr is the industrial heart both of Ger
many and of Europe. This invests the
Ruhr with vital Importance, alike in Ger
man rehabilitation and in European
economic recovery It is the interplay of
those two factors which accounts in large
part for the diversity of inter-Allied views
and policies.
There are three main theses concerning
the Ruhr. with two crosscutting qualif1ca-
tions. Soviet Russia wants FourPower
control over a Ruhr which would remain
economically and politically within a
nominally united Germany, but is not
willing to consider a similar regime for the
secondary industrial area of Upper Silesia
and insists on indemnities out of current
German production. That would give
Moscow voice in Western Germany and
propaganda advantage with the Ger
man people which the western powers are
not disposed to grant France wants a
Ruhr economically separated from the
rest of Germany and under control of the
three western powers The others believe
that this would make German recovery
impracticable. Britain tends to favor a
continuation of the present setup, where
by the Ruhr is under immediate British
control with American participation
Britain. however, wants the Ruhr indus
tries nationalized whereas the American
position favors an adjournment of that
issue until a revived Germany can settle
the matter itself.
The American delegation seems to be
divided between those who want German
administration under predominant Anglo
American control, aimed at furthering
German economic recovery within limits
and those who think the Ruhr should
function basically for the recovery of all
Western Europe, with French needs
especially in mind.
1t is easy to see how this divergence OF
views within our own camp crosscuts the
| other Allied theses, and how, unless re-
solved, 1t may weaken our position in the
| current London negotiations. Perhaps
Soviet diplomacy, by maintaing position
| distasteful to all three western powers, can
compel a reconciliation of their divergen-
cies in a common program of mutual
compromise. But the Ruhr is so obvi-
ously an apple Of discord that Moscow
may be counted on to use it for It's own
special ends.
Evening star., 1947-12-03

many housewives take hundreds Of thou
sands Of unnecessary steps per year.
But women have found that the very small
kitchens do not work out as planned.
Many women like room for kitchen
table; they prefer reasonable amount OF
room in which to work. No way has yet
been devised to keep youngsters-and
fatherS-from the kitchen when molasses
gingersnaps and caraway cookies are
about ready to come from the oven. The
present trend is toward larger kitchens
with a dining nook and the elimination of
the dining room. A recent survey shows
that many women prefer large living
room, a large kitchen and ample closet
space on the first floor. Citizens who
believe the right kind of kitchen is
essential in home are glad to know that
the place where cakes and cookies are
made will be more than scientific labora-
tory.
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Stars, Men and Atoms
Navy Medical Research
Unit Set Up in { gypt
so American Scientists Planning to
Study Epidemic Checks
By Thomas r. Henry

The Navy is setting up ajor medical re-
search establishment in Egypt. described a.
"the center point of the worlds seed bed Of
epidemic diseases"
During the war the American Typhus Com
mission established headquarters in one Of
the large Cairo hospitals Their work ended
with the end of hostilities but both the Amer
lean and Egyptian governments agreed that
the activities should be continued and ex-
panded.
Eventually. it is expected approximately so
American scientists and their technical as
sistants, working in close cooperation with
Egyptian doctors, will be able to study at first
hand such devastating epidemic maladies as
cholera, typhus, malaria and score of others
which come out of the East In the United
States, it Is explained, these diseases, which
are likely at any time to become of the gravest
military Importance, can be studied only in
test tubes There are practically no human
cases. The final establishment will include IS
laboratories.
Objective of Work.
The ultimate objective of the work will be
to learn how to check these epidemics. AL
though vaccines now exist for most Of them
their efficacy remains somewhat uncertain and
it usually is impracticable to vaccinate entire
populations in the path of spreading scourge.
BY fortunate coincidence one Of the last
American scientists assigned to this station
was an outstanding expert on the use of DDT,
perhaps the worlds most effective insecticide.
He arrived just before the start of the cholera
epidemic and his work on fly control in rela-
ton to cholera transmission has been invaluable
to the Egyptian authorities. He now is at
work on malaria control problems and several
research teams now are operating under his
direction.
The great Importance of epidemic disease
studies for the Navy is stressed by Capt. James
J. Shapiro of the Navy Medical Corps. 1T
took" he says, several near disastrous events
in World War II to show demanding need
for the solution of medical problems vital
to the success of naval functions both in war
and peace Malaria alone, although prevents
able, nevertheless led to the immobilization
of some five divisions for a period OF many
months at time Of critical need for trained
combat troops The nearly disastrous situation
created In this single instance has left no
doubt In any ones mind that repetition
must not occur medical research and de-
yelopment problem with studied obJectlves
must be vigorously pursued If the Navy Is to
carry out its mission"
Research at Bethesda.
The greatest single step in the Nays medical
research program, Capt. Shapiro reveals, Is the
building up of the Naval Research Institute at
Bethesda, Md, with more than rs scientists
working in los laboratories on great variety
of medical and physiological problems.
Other smaller research centers are IN opera
ton, or in the process OF establishment, all
over the country, especially at Camp Lejeune'
N. c., and the submarine base at New London,
Conn
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Carnegie Endowment Report

The annual report of the Carnegie En-
dowment for International Peace invari-
ably Is a document of more than ordinary
interest and value. Lay readers find in the
year books issued during successive De-
cembers a reflection of constructive think
ing about what Andrew Carnegie, when he
established the fund in 1910, called "the
foulest blot upon our civilization" Those
who have carried forward the founders
aims have been scholarly men, trained in
history and in law They have not stopped
war any more than the great fathers and
missioners of the universal church have
stopped wickedness and sin. But they
have performed service without which
humanity might be in worse plight than
it is.
This benefaction represents philosophic
front against the crime of armed conflict
between nations. The Carnegie Endow
ment trustees have set up, in opposition
to the chaos and confusion of a world
afflicted with strife, logic of justice and
equity. They have not been pacifists at
any price. On the contrary, they have
bulWarked the righteous cause Of democ-
racy against totalitarianism wherever it
has appeared in the past three and half
decades There has been no sterile neu-
trality about their endeavors. Instead, they
have been positively active in the face of
sequent emergencies. The names OF their
divisional perations-Intercours and
Education international Law; Economics
and History-indicate the natural phases
of their efforts. They have functioned in
and through various cultural organizations,
in courts and quasi-judicial bodies in study
groups dealing specifically with industry,
labor and the overall field of social
progress.
Mr.. Carnegie left the trustees "the widest
discretion" as to policies and methods. He
possibly hoped, conceivably believed, that
"the speedy abolition of international
war" might be achieved sooner than any
body hopes or believes at present. The
tendency of individuals to differ violently
among themselves has not declined since
1910. It therefore is not remarkable that
states and combinations of states should
quarrel What is new is the most recent
attempt to persuade nations to submit
their selfish concerns to the judgment of
their neighbors near and far-the United
Nations. With Alger Hiss, former director
| of the Office of Special Political Affairs of
the Department of State, as president, and
| John Foster Dulles as chairman of the
Executive Committee, the Endowment cur
rently seeks ito encourage public under
standing and support of the United Nations
| at home and abroad" and advocates "the
| adoption of wise policies both by our own
government In Its capacity as member
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Too Much Protection Expense
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
Maybe we have too much protection. Could
that be? Could our unparalleled military might
menace us more than it does the enemy?
Possibly that Is an absurd thought. Possibly 1t
is not. For instance, we not only support our
own armies but-in effective support the
armies of all Europe. That is, all except
Russia's and her satellites. If the foreign
armies are not on our payroll directly, they are
indirectly. What difference does it make
whether we pay England's armed forces directly
or give her enough billions to support these
forces?
II We support armed forces around the Woric,
will we not be undermined and finally over
thrown by this protective expenditure Isn't
there such thing as the remedy being as bad
as the disease?
No doubt it sounds like gasconading pedant
to attempt to prove your case by saying Rome
fell because" etc. Nevertheless, it is true that
In way Rome had the same problem the
United States has today. Under Augustus
Caesar the Roman Empire reached its pinnacle
of greatness. Augustus, a keen politician, called
a halt to conquests because he found that ne
couldn't protect what he already had. First
the Goths attacked him on this angie, the
Persians on that, the Saracens on the other,
etc. Always there was struggle. In the days
Of the Roman Republic-not empire-Roman
conquests paid the cost of the legions, but after
the days Of Augustus defense became more and
more ruinous.
Today our defense lines are immeasurably
greater than those of the Roman Empire. To-
day we must not only pay our own military
forces but we must pay Europes. And this
enormous military expense not only reduces
our own productive capacity, but it reduces the
ability of the whole world to produce. Because
of this great drain the United States Is not
prospering. The workers fully employed
but we are not prosperous because we do not
have that abundance that makes nation or
an individual prosperous. According to Adam
Smith, we are rich or poor depending on
whether we have much or little OF the necessi-
| ties and luxuries of life And there is no doubt
that under this definition this country is poor.
We have shortages of food, steel, automobiles,
| oil, etc. etc. We have surplus OF what?
! Political gasconading! Nonsensical plans for
saving the worldly pulling the foundation
| from under 1t.
Unless we reduce the cost of protecting our
| selves, we are going to be protected into
economic ruin" W. W. PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1947-12-03
Mayor Curley's Missed Opportunity
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The STAR
According to The Star, Mayor James M. Cur
ley of Boston when released few days ago.
after q fve-month term in prison, said that
he felt 10 years younger. At that rate, if his
nardon had been deferred five more months he
would have felt 20 years younger.
All patriotic citizens regret that it was neces-
sary for him to be sent to prison and feel sin
cerely sympathetic toward him. However, at
the same time, we are glad that our Govern
ment Is still democratic enough and that our
courts are fair enough to see that guilty man
does not escape justice because he has been
elected to such high offices as Governor, mem
ber of Congress and Mayor of large city.
We regret also that Mayor Curley missed the
opportunity to play heroic part when he was
sentenced to prison. If he had said: Il don't
consider myself criminal, but since I have
lost my fight in open court, accept the result
a every American should. I ask no special
Evening star., 1947-12-03
EBI VS.. ECC

The letter which Paul A. Walker, acting
chairman of the Federal Communications
Commission, has written to ]. Edgar
Hoover, director of the Federal Bureau OF
Investigation, may be expected to close
the breach between these two important
Federal agencies.
The trouble began last October when
FEC Commissioner Clifford Durr made a
speech that was critical of the FB1 and
some of its reports to the FEC. Failure OF
the FEC to repudiate this speech was in
terpreted by Mr. Hoover as a tacit indorse-
ment of what Mr.. Durr had said, and the
FBI director served notice that since the
FEC apparently did not want the material
submitted by the FBI its transmission
would be discontinued.
1t was learned Monday night, however,
that Mr.. Walker had replied that the FEC
had confidence" in the FBI and would
like to continue to receive its reports
Since this, in effect, Is reputation of Mr.
Durr's speech, it is reasonable to suppose
that all concerned, with the exception OF
Mr.. Durr, are satisfied, and that the old
relationship between the two agencies will
be restored.
Some of the reports which the FBI had
been sending to the FEC were requested
by the latter agency; others were "un-
solicited" in the sense that they contained
information turned up in the course
of other Investigations which the FBI
thought might be of interest to the FEC.
In none of these cases was the evidence
evaluated by the FBI It was simply sent
along to the FEC for what it was worth.
1t was to this, apparently, that Mr.. Durr's
chief criticism was directed. He seems to
have felt that the FBI should have sifted
| the material and forwarded only evidence
which it judged to be of a substantial
nature But that, if done, would cast the
| FBI in the dual role of collector and judge
| of material which should be the special
| concern of other agencies Quite rightly,
the FBI has been unwilling to do this, and
| it would seem that those who fear what
Mr.. Durr chooses to call the hidden activ-
| tiles" of the FBI would approve this
| attitude. For should it function In such a
dual capacity, the FBI, If it desired to do
so, would have much greater opportunity
| to abuse it's power.
The fair conclusion is that Mr. Durr
should have taken second look before
| leaping into a thoroughly untenable
| position
Evening star., 1947-12-03
The American Way Defended


To the Editor Of The Star:
In an article in This Week Magazine entitled
"I Couldn't Look at My Children" and appeal
ing for food and clothing for European chill
dren, an American mother writes she no longer
is nro,,d to be American. I wonder what cit1-
zenship would make her proud
I thank God when look at my children.
Through the wisdom Of our forefathers and
the resultant capitalistic system American
children are able to eat. Proud American
mothers will "do something" to maintain that
system.
Is IL true that America is untouched and
unaware? Let our tens of thousands OF young
lives sacrificed in two wars, our billions OF
treasure our millions of tons OF food exported
answer.
The national debt is colossal. For years the
budget has been unbalanced. This year the
President indicated the budget might be bal
anced, with surplus applied to debt reduction
At once Europe developed crisis which,
strangely, will require about the same amount
as the announced surplus, $40OOOo year.
Taxpayers must pay for huge Government pur-
chases of food and goods for export. Since this
policv creates scarcities at home, they must also
nav more and receive less for their money
here. America Is more generous to foreigners
than TO Americans.
Through price controls, we are asked to give
up our free enterprise system, by which Amer
lea aids the world, and suffer a controlled
economy, In gamble to maintain free econo-
mics In l6 European nations. Can Americans
afford this gamble? No national defense Is
possible If our people are impoverished and our
Nation on the verge Of bankruptcy.
Patriotic mothers pray that America may be
preserved as a free land of well-fed children,
an inheritance for which their fathers fought
and died. MADALEN DINGLEY LEETCH.
Evening star., 1947-12-03
An Old Song Remembered

TO the Editor Of The Star:
The following lines are from song used in
the public schools of Washington while was
pupil there:
"Our Uncle Sam has acres broad and land
enough to till-and work enough for all to do,
who labor with will Our Uncle Sam has sent
a telegram-to every land and state! For all
the world emigrate-hurrah for Uncle Sam!
And Hans may come and bring his Frau
and all the children too, and Uncle Sam will
make his bow and give him work to do. And
he will taste his sauerkraut, too, and overlook
his flaws, till Hans shall think this happy land
the best that never vas.
Add to these-"every displaced person In the
world" and it is q prayer. For these our
friends, help in their dire need. For us, to do
our duty. (Mrso MARION u. 6RoWN.
Falls Church, Va.
Evening star., 1947-12-03

COnSt1JuC1Ou
@ How many orange special delivery stamps
were issued? When were these lssueoF-
" K. T. ,-
A. There were 5000 500 orange special dellv-
ery stamps issued from January "a, 1898, 10
January S, 1894, when the printing In blue
was resumed The stock of orange stamps on
hand was not exhausted until May 19, 1894
@ What United States pilot in the European
theater brought down the most enemy ar
craft in World War II? How did this com.
pare with the record in the Pachlc IneaCeif
&C. w. V.
A In the European theater 1t. Col. John
q Never of the 9th Army Air Forces brought
down 81 enemy aircraft. The hghter pnot
ace of the Pacific theater was Maj. Richard l.
Bong, 5th Army Air Forces, who brought DOWN
40 enemy aircraft during World War H.
@. Why does boiled water have fiat taste'-
B. D.
A. The pleasant fresh taste Of spring water
1, due to the presence of gases especially air
and carbon dioxide. Boiling drives OH the
gases and makes the water taste nat
@ Who owns the Falkland Islands?-L. G. M
A. Great Britain has held possession OF these
Islands since 1884 and bases its claim on as
covery (1592), settlement and ownership 1or
many years. as we'll as on their Scottish popu-
lation. However, Argentina claims them largely
because of proximity and need
@. Are degrees" ever granted for college
work carried on solely by correspondence?-
c. C. R.
A. Degrees" granted for work done wholly by
correspondence are not recognized by accredited
colleges or universities or by examining boards
of the different professions In the several
States. A certain amount Of such credit from
accredited schools may count toward degree
in some colleges or universities, but this varies
and some will grant no credit.
@. Why are some apples called pippinss
". L. B.
A. This name was given to certain class
of apples probably because the trees were
raised from the pips or seeds. They seem to
have been introduced into Great Grita1n from
France, and we're little known there until about
the end of the 18th century. In the time OF
Shakespeare pppins were delicacies for the
dessert. Sir Hugh Evans in THE Merry Wives
of Windsor" says: II will make an end OF my
dinner-there's pippins and cheese to come"
The rbston, golden, Newton, and the small
Scotch oslin or arbroath pippin are favorite
sorts.
Evening star., 1947-12-03

favors. gladly submit to equal justice to all
q tradition Of our great democracy"
Even his severest critics would have been
compelled to applaud that sentiment. But he
whined that he should not be sent to prison,
that he could not live through It, His conduct
did not shorten his sentence and did not win
him any admirers.
GEORGE FREDERICK MILLER.
Evening star., 1947-12-03

Mounting talk of possible return to
rationing depresses local hoarder who
almost suffocated the other time among
her canned goods.