davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-01-07
Draft, Training Plan
Called Sure Of Defeat;
Odds Even on Merger
ny the Assoeioted Press

At least two-thirds of President
Truman's tentative military pro-
gram appears today to be headed
for defeat in the Republican-con-
trolled Eightieth Congress.
A survey among congressional
leaders indicates that:
/. There will be no universal
training legislation enacted this
year.
2. The chances are about even
that the Army and the Navy may
be merged into a single service.
3. The present wartime draft law,
expiring March 81, won't be re-
newed.
In his state-of the Union mes
sage yesterday, Mr.. Truman asked
for unification of the armed forces,
said development of a trained citi-
zen reserve can best be accom-
plished through universal training, :"
and-while Withholding decision
on extending the draft-declared
that basic needs OF the Army were
not being met by voluntary enlist
ments.
Martin for Ban on COnscription.
Many of those who predicted de-
feat for universal training and an
extension of selective service did SO
privately.
However, House Speaker Martin
sounded what is expected to be the
keynote of Republican opposition to
the training program when he re-
iterated his belief that the United
States should try to outlaw peace
time CONSUMPTION everywhere.
Mr. Martin told a reporter he was
standing today where he stood last
year. when he formally proposed
that this country, working through
the United Nations, seek an inter-
national ban on military con-
scription.
Chairman Andrews of the new
House Armed Services Committee
said he had not changed his posi-
ton in favor of universal training
and the Army-Navy merger. But he
added that he doubted whether the
committee would get around to con-
sidering either for some time.
Short Opposes Draft.
The next-ranking Republican on
the Armed Services Committee,
Representative Short of Missouri,
summed up his views with this COM
ment:
II always have been and always
will be opposed to universal train
ing because conscription is repug-
nant to a free people I am against
continuing the draft law because
we don't need it. If the Army
wasn't getting enough men through
voluntary enlistments, why have
they suspended the drafting OF
men? I'm for the Army-Navy
merger.
Two top Democrats on the COM
mittee,f Representatives Thomason
of Texas and Vinson of Georgia,
favor universal training but say
they aren't optimistic about its
chances.
Gurney Backs President.
Representative Allen of Illinois,
who as chairman of the House
Rules Committee will have much to
say about what legislation reaches
the floor, termed it unlikely" that
universal training bill would be
enacted but probable that the
Army and the Navy would be
merged.
Across the Capitol, Chairman
Gurney of the Senate Armed Serv-
ices Committee, told newsmen "the
Presidents outline of his program
for national defense comedies with
my ideas"
But Senator Robertson, Repub-
lican, of wyoming, a member OF
Senator Gurney's committee, be-
lieves Mr.. Truman has been entire
ly misled' on the point of unifica-
ton.
"I don't think merger under any
plan will cut costs, and certainly
don't think it will enhance our Sc
curity, Senator Robertson asserted.
Evening star., 1947-01-07
sy the Assoeisi,d prsss

JACKSON, Miss, Jan. z. 7.Senator
Bilbo, Democrat, Of Mississippi,
awaiting a call to New Orleans
hospital where he is to undergo a
mouth operation. says he will fight
til he'll freezes over" for the seat
denied him in the Senate.
Senator Bilbo arrived here from
Washington yesterday. He told a
group in a hotel lobby that he
planned to return to Washington--if
he lived-and whip en-" He added:
my mouth is giving me hell.
That's why we called of the fight" !"
Medical sources in New Orleans,
requesting anonymity, described
Senator Bilbo,s forthcoming opera
ton as actually a minor procedure. J"
q "windup' Of surgery performed
last August when a malignant
growth was removed from the Sena-
tors mouth.
His condition was described as
mot a recurrence Of cancer" and a
prominent New Orleans surgeon
said it was questionable if Senator
Bilbo ever had cancer"
Biibo's Senate Office to Stay
Open for Business
Though Senator Bilbo's right to
his Senate seat has been challenged
Evening star., 1947-01-07
Biibo's Senate Office to Stay
,Open for Business

Though Senator Bilbo's right to
his Senate seat has been challenged
Evening star., 1947-01-07

Georgia, one Of the latter, told a
reporter he considered che tone OF
the Presidents message "concilia-
tory"
Evening star., 1947-01-05
intelligence Mission Confused

| field, as the Gestapo eliminated its
competitors in Germany, to the
detriment of German intelligence.
"And this result would con-
centrate all our eggs of this par
ticular breed in one basket, where
they could be most easily found by
those on the still hunt for them; it
would eliminate many useful nets
something no largescale fisherman
would dream of doing; it would cut
our series of special outposts to one,
something no wide-awake COM
mander would dream of permitting. >
The report then concludes, before
delivering its recommendations:
THE weight of evidence and ex-
perience would seem to be with those
who would prefer not to see an
agency charged with coordination
and evaluation also engage in the
field of operations-secret opera
tions above all. Certainly this is a
field in which decentralization
would seem to have more disad-
vantages than advantages.
GIG will make no marks, will
set no milestones, if, as it has al
ready done, it insists on collecting
intelligence at the source and dis
turbing intelligence channels, as it
has in Latin America
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Continued from Page C-1.)

tions." A broad construction of
certain phrases in President Tru-
mans directive of January %, 1946,
the report says, "has put the new
organization into operations, a cir
cumstance which has caused con-
siderable controversy among those
experienced in the unusual and deli
cate field which is intelligence.
The report then sharply criticizes
this combination of operations and
coordination, citing specifically the
case of CO. during the war, when
the director of intelligence took as
gospel the report by special branch
he sponsored to the effect that
there was no evidence that the
Russians we're attempting to SOW
ietHe the Balkans" over contrary
intelligence which came from other
channels.
Even sharper were the committees S
words with respect to that hush
hush subject known as secret in
telligence."
Most experienced operators" in
this unusual field, the report goes
on, feel that one result would be
inevitable: The central agency would
in time drive the others from the
Evening star., 1947-01-05

ing or leaving the United States.
Several statutes in this category
would expire six months after ter
mination of the state of emergency
One of these authorizes the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to procure and
distribute agricultural and other
commodities to meet civilian popu-
lation requirements in United States
territories and possessions.
AS in the case of some OF the
laws affected by President Truman's
proclamation last week, not all OF
these are operative today.
In the long list of statutes related
to termination of the state of wal
are those authorizing the Secretary
of the Navy to provide facilities for
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Arms Limit Biggest U. n. Problem

Another QlulCult QueStlOu WIiICLI
the Council must face early in its
work, is the controversial problem OF
troop and armaments inventory.
Such a census was one of the most
! bitterly fought issues before the As
sembly, and in the end the Assembly
decided to pass the question on to
the Council without recommends.
tions.
1 This issue is important because 1t
involves the question as to how
much information the United
States should give on its atomic Sc
crets and when such information
should be given. During the AS
sembly debate, Russia insisted that
40 adequate measures could be taken
either on arms reduction or on crea-
ton of the world police force until
the Council had full information on
all weapons as well as on the size
OF the various national armed
forces. The United States, on the
other hand, has made it clear that
no atomic secrets win be surren-
dered until an effective system Of
international controls has been es-
tablished
Once a satisfactory solution. Is
found to this problem, the SLOW
moving Military Staff Committee Of
the Security Council may be able to
make some headway on the Job OF
creating the world police force. This
committee has been working since
early last summer, but has not yet
reached the stage Of concrete action.
So far its only progress has been the
adoption of a set of general prin-
ciples to govern the setting up Of
the police force.
When one or more treaties are
finally approved by the Council, the
next step is for the secretary-generM
to call a special session Of the Cen
eral Assembly to consider the drafts.
If they are approved by the Assem-
bly,, they go to the individual nations
for formal ratification and will be-
come effective only after a specified
number OF states have ratified them.
Although this is a rather dark
picture, there are several bright
sides. It is on these that the dele
gates base their hope for eventual
success.
One reason for hope is that the
delegates to the General Assembly
agreed unanimously that arms
should be reduced and laid down the
basic principles to govern the Sc
curity Councils action. -
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Continued from Page CID

the position that no general reduc-
ton of arms could be put into effect
until the Security Council had Gre
ated an international police force
to take the place of national armies
Although the Council itself will
have to settle the question OF pri-
critics Immediately after 1t begins
work, delegates said it would be
fairly safe to assume that atomic
control would be the first part OF
the program to get Council action
victory for the united States.
This assumption was based on the
fact that the Council now has before
it the first report of the Atomic
Energy Commission, which has been
working on an atomic control plan
since last June IA. This report con-
.ains several general recommended
tions, which embody the major
principles originally advanced by
the United States, but no effort has
been made so far to get down to the
detailed work of drafting treaty.
If the Council approves the COM
missions report, the commission
probably will be asked to begin work
Immediately on draft treaty. Since
the Atomic Commission also has
authority to consider controls for
other weapons of mass destruction,
it may be asked to start work on
this problem as well. There is a
possibility, however, that Russia
might veto the atomic report.
In some ways the problem of de-
vising effective controls for such
elements as rockets and bacterio-
logical products may be even more
difficult than the control of atomic
energy. Like atomic energy, both
these other deadly instruments can
be used for peaceful purposes. The
production of atomic energy, how
ever, requires much more extensive
facilities and raw materials which
are much easier to control at the
source. For this reason, the Illicit
production of atomic weapons would
be easier to detect.
One of the Councils major deci-
sions will be whether or not these
other weapons should be dealt with
in the same treaty which sets up
atomic control. If it decides to link
all the weapons of mass destruc-
tion, there will be many more
months of work before any treaty
takes final shape.
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Chain Reaction Of Peace Threatens Economy

war procurement and construction,
permitting remuneration Of citizen
ship under certain conditions, ex-
tension of enlistments in the Navy,
Marine Corps and Coast Guard, al
lowing blackouts in the District Of
Columbia, prohibiting photographs
of military or naval reservations. al
lowing Government inspection OF
plant and records of certain con-
tractors, giving transportation pri-
ority to certain traffic, prescribing
the death penalty for desertion, for
acting as a spy and for various
other offenses, and covering several
provisions of the espionage act and
regulations for control OF enemy
aliens.
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Europe Awaits | ourist Invasion

not the service nor the food or any.
thing else you found before the
war"
On the subject OF costs. every one
is working slowly. Mr.. La Prade said
he did not believe trlat prices would
be much higher than prewar.
One thing is certain: The demand
for tourist travel in Europe is greater
than the supply of sea and air
accommodations will be during the
so-called "season"-normally from
mid-June through September. AL
travel booking companies have been
working overtime to persuade vaca-
tionists to spread their travel the
year round.
The travel industry in the United
States will pull out all its promotion
stops to surpass its prewar volume.
The trade estimated that volume at
SIS 500, ,000, 900 and now Is talking
about boosting the annual tourist
take to $4,000. 900 900. ..-
Public Must Be Induced
To Alter Stay.Home Habits
It can be done, the agents think,
but the first step will be getting the
American public weaned from war
induced stay -at-home habits-habits
which partly resulted from its own
advertising during the war.
At any rate, there will be return
to the prewar travel expositions,
with two big ones scheduled in New
York and Philadelphia in May and
others planned in various cities
Throughout the country. Exhibitors
will include air and steamship car
riers, hotel and resort represent-
atives.
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Continued from Page C-1D

ers do not necessarily cease with
victory in the field. Power to wage
war, the Supreme Court stated in
case involving Presidential au-
thority after the first World War
carries with it inherently the
power to guard against the immedi-
ate renewal of the conflict and to
remedy the evils which have risen
from its rise and progress"
The United States Court of Ap-
peals here last spring declined to
review the Presidents power con-
cerning removal of enemy aliens
in time of war. ut is not for the
courts to determine the end of a
war declared by Congress" the
court observed.
Governmental experts do not feel
this means Congress alone, or the
President alone, has the arbitrary
or sole say in determining the end
of the war and the consequent end
ing of war powers and controls.
Mutual Difference Advised.
While 1t is presumed that Presi-
dent Truman can and will pro-
claim the end of the states OF
emergency proclaimed by his prede-
cessor. it has been increasingly as
sumed since last November that
the President will give due. thought
| to the feeling of the Republican
controlled Congress before doing so
Similarly, however, the state OF
war may be eventually concluded
it is believed that serious harm will
result if Congress acts without re-
gard to the Presidents views on the
subject, particularly on major
statutes which would disappear with
the official arrival of peace.
Congress and the President, of
course, do not have to be reminded
that at any time ''in response to
changed conditions" they can re-
peal or amend any wartime statute
or any provision, irrespective OF the
dates they originally were set to
expire. This was done on occasion
within the past year. The process
went forward last week in the Pres
ident's proclamation which is bring
ing the Smith Connally Act to an
end, reduces many excise taxes, and
sets a 1948 deadline for wartime
price supports for agriculture.
Statutes Still in Balance.
Among statutes which would ex-
pire upon termination of the emer-
gency declared September 8, 1899,
are the act authorizing employment
of dollar-a-year men. the National
Housing Agency to acquire certain
land and Government employees to
accumulate 80 days annual leave
under specified conditions.
Statutes which would expire upon
termination of the emergency de-
clared May 27, 1941, include those
governing appointment Of tempor-
ary officers in the Army OF the
United States, employment of
United States nationals on public
works in Hawaii withdrawal of in
dustrial alcohol for industrial pur-
poses without tax, Suspension OF
import duties on scrap iron, access
roads to source of raw materials
and industrial sites, arming OF
American merchant vessels and va
rious restrictions on persons enter
Evening star., 1947-01-05

port to Congress December 8, 1886,
had this to say:
Without permission of the chief
of engineers, a large frame building
and several workshops have been
constructed upon the grounds under
his charge, just east of the Museum
Building, which are far from orna-
mental and should be removed at
once. The employees of the museum
used the grounds adjacent for pur-
poses connected with taxidermy and
Evening star., 1947-01-05

visiting the traditionally popular
tourist spots the museums and art
palaces.
The American Express Co., on the
other hand, is building most of its
postwar group tour plans around
the war and expects to get small
groups of tourists into certain parts
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Army Medical Museum Independence

Museum Building, where now stands
the plaster model of the Statue Of
Freedom. These animals were ali
accumulated by Mr.. Hornaday, and
he was principally instrumental in
obtaining those which were later
housed in a long shed to the rear
of the Smithsonian Building.
It was not long after this that
Mr.. Hornaday's entire time was
given over to the care of and at
tention to the animals under his
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Star stan Photo.

there were no fewer than 200 living
specimens in the museums exhibit.
In April 1888, Senator j. B. Beck
introduced a bill in the Senate for
a geological park, and in the. House
in urging the bill Representative
Knute Nelson made these remarks:
" =" And may say, indeed,
about the only gentleman I have
talked with is a man who is in
terested In this from a purely
scientific standpoint refer to Mr..
Hornaday of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution-informs me that all that is
contemplated and all that is desired
is 121 acres. 1t has nothing OF the
element of speculation about it. 1t is
to establish a geological garden for
the benefit of the great body of our
people who visit this city and for
no other purpose"
Congressional Commission
Made Report in 1889
The bill providing for the park
became a law in March, 1889, and
eight months later the commission
designated by Congress made its
report, respecting which The Star
Of November Is, 1889, in part, said:
GAS stated in The Star, Secretary
Noble, Commissioner Douglass and
Prof. Langley, the committee
charged with selecting the purchas-
ing of the land for the proposed ZOO
logical Park, with their attorney,
ext Commissioner Webb, called on
the President Friday and handed in
their report, with map from which
the accompanying diagram was made
showing the proposed plan of the
park. The President showed a great
deal of interest in the report, and
there is little doubt but that he will
approve it when he sends it to Con-
gress. The appropriation for the
purpose was included in the District
appropriation bill which was passed
last March. The bill provided for
the expenditure of 100000 to estab-
lish geological garden, which was
to be located in Rock Greek Valley
between Massachusetts, avenue ex-
tended and the old Military road
leading west from Brightwood, and
to contain not less than 100 acres.
. ~
Evening star., 1947-01-05

frequently during the summer Of
1885 the stencil from decaying en-
trails of fish was very great, while
several handsome trees were entire
ly destroyed by the fire used in the
work of preparing specimens"
1t is needless to say that the
building was soon removed. But
while it remained it served as a
nucleus for our present National
Geological Park. Mr.. Hornaday
came to this city and to the Ma
tional Museum about 1888, during
the administration of Spencer F..
Baird, who was secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution from 1878
to 1887. At first he was the chief
taxidermist and some of the groups
he designed and mounted were mar
vels of perfection. He was man of
charming personality and was
greatly liked by all who knew him.
From the time Mr.. Hornaday first
came to the National Museum he
had in mind the forming here Of a
geological park, and in this connec-
ton he had the sympathy and CO.
operation of the assistant secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution, G..
Brown Goode, for at this time Prof.
Baird was in declining health and
had turned over to Mr. Goode prac-
tically all of the administrative
work of the institution, thus putting
the assistant secretary in a position
to be most helpful in advancing the
geological park idea.
When Lanier Heights was SUBJ
divided and put on the market,
about 1856, Mr. Goode and several
other employees of the National
Museum, including R. I. Geare and
j. B. Smith, erected homes in this
section, until then unimproved
country property. Mr.. Goode was
so fascinated with the scenery in
cluded within what is now the
park area that he built his resi-
dence on Summit avenue, which
was not far from the top of the
old stone quarry, just to the south
of Quarry road, where his view of
this part of Rock Greek Valley
and the winding creek was unob-
structed. He died there Septem-
ber 6, 1896.
Early Legislation Affecting
National Geological Park
For many years before the Ma
tional Geological Park came into
being there existed, from time to
time, a>number of small collec-
tions of wild animals in the Dis
trict, and as early as the Civil War
period there were at ST. Elizabeth 6
Hospital black bear, three eagles,
a white owl, a red fox and a deer
On June q, 1870, a bill was in
troduced in Congress to incorpo-
rate the Washington Geological So
ciety, and Henry D. Cooke, George
w. Riggs, James c. Kennedy. Spen-
Ger F. Baird, Gen. o. o. Howard,
T. w. Barley, Joseph Casey, Horace
Capron, James c. MCGUIRE and
George Taylor are mentioned as
the incorporators.
| The location of the site for this
proposed garden is indicated on
map for 1881 as being the place
for the Proposed zooglogical Gar
den," and is the tract of land once
belonging to Abraham Young, one
of the city's original proprietors.
It lies north of C street and east
of Fifteenth street NE. and was
early known as the YoungSboro
tract.
Back in the early days a number
of small animals were located in
cages around the rotunda Of the
Evening star., 1947-01-05

United States authorities are work.
ing now on plan to let limited
number of conducted parties visit
portions of the American zone where
there are enough facilities to take
care of them-although there isn't
much to see in Germany except
destruction" a,.s-..
Mr.. Reed said he had found hotel
conditions adequate" but there's
Evening star., 1947-01-05

charge, and the department of
living animals was created for him,
with the title of curator. At this
time, according to DR.. Frank Baker,
director of the park for many years.
Evening star., 1947-01-05
Wide World Photo.

ested in seeing the war scenes, par
ticulary where the Americans par
ticipated.
From my observations, Great
Britain is less able to take care OF
tourists, except in the small towns
and in Scotland. AS far as Germany
is concerned, I understand that
Evening star., 1947-01-05

of Germany occupied by the United
States"
Ralph T. Reed, president of Amer
ican Express, who recently returned
from a European tour, said:
Most countries are prepared to
take care of tourists and I believe
we will have adequate transporta-
ton to take them over to Europe. y
I think most people will be inter-
Evening star., 1947-01-05

Meanwhile, all over Europe, they
are rewriting the guide books.
Each one, from the authoritative
Baedecker down to the small
pamphlets describing the beauty OF
this chateau or that cathedral. now
is out of date and some of the
chateaux have been blown of the
map.