davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Stars, Men and Atoms
Astronomers Discover
Densest Milky Way Spot
Nucleus of Whole Stellar System u.
Believed Discovered
By Thomas r. Henry

part Of the Milky Way galaxy where stars
are 80 times thicker than anywhere else IN
the vast aggregation of more than 30000,0g0,=
600 celestial objects has been found by astron-
omers Of the Carnegie Institution of WASH
ington. 5"
This is almost certainly. concludes DR.. Walter
Baade Of the Mount Wilson Observatory staff,
the nucleus of the stellar system Of which The
sun and its plants form an inf1nitesmauX
minute part 1t Is approximately 100000 o00,-.
100000 miles from the earth in the great cloud
of stars which surrounds the constellation Of
Sagittarius -"
1t long has been assumed that the hub Of
this part Of the universe must be in this
neighborhood, but it has been impossible to
verify the hypothesis because it is hidden be-
hind one of the black clouds of star dust
which obscure some sections of the Milky
Way and which always will be impenetrable
with any telescope. DR.. Baade has made
systematic search for variable stars, objects
which huctuate in brightness at regular inter-
walls, In the sagittarius star cloud. .oa
80 Times More Abundant .s:
He found that they were at least 80 times
more abundant than the average for the
Milky Way. Since they exist In fairly con-
slant proportion to other stars, they give at
least q rough approximation of the density
of an area. Even more significant is the fact
that the great majority of the variables are Of
the cluster type, which ordinarily constitutes
only negligible percentage of the fuctuating
stars found in other sections
The finding tends to confirm the picture Of
the Milky Way galaxy which astronomers have
deduced from the appearance of other star
aggregations of approximately equal size
across such CULTS Of empty space that light
moving at 100000 miles a second requires
hundreds of thousands of years to cross them.
This galaxy is only one among many millions
of these, scattered TO the farthest reaches
of space far beyond the scope Of any telescope,
Andromeda Is Cited. "a,
One of the nearest-and the first discovered
about Is years ago-is the great nebula Of
Andromeda. Its appearance on photographs
plates is that of gigantic pin-wheel. 1t can
ne deduced that this is about the way the
Milky Way galaxy would look If viewed from
some planet in the Andromeda nebula. The
area of thickly packed stars found by DR..
Baade would correspond to the hub OF the PIN
wheel.
Admittedly, reports the Mount Wilson Observa-
tory, the search is incomplete and it is difa-
cult to make too far-reaching deductions. The
search, however, Is being continued and ap-
pears to offer the only means of locating def-
nitely the heart of this great star system. The
sun and Its planets are believed to lie fairly
near its rapidly rotating edge.
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Miss NicoIuy's Gift

Occurring on the eve OF the opening OF
the Robert Todd Lincoln deposit to-
morrow, the presentation of the papers
of John G. Nicolay by his daughter repre-
sents an enrichment of the Library Of
CngressS whose value and Importance
conceivably might be missed. Public in
terest in the event yet to come could result
in neglect Of what well may prove to have
been an incident of at least equal
significance.
Miss Nicolay has given her country the
documentary estate of her father. He was
a newspaper man who was appointed
Abraham Lincolns private secretary when
the Railsplitter was nominated for the
presidency and who subsequently in associ-
alton with his lifelong friend John Hay,
wrote the official biography of the Emanci-
pator. Ten years of labor went into the
manuscript, but before the composition
was started, Mr.. Nicolay spent six years
accumulating material and studying it..
The Robert Todd Lincoln collection passed
through his hands page by page-and was
used by him copiously.
But his own data were as precious as
oA1J u14AAA6 o1VoAAACN A1OAA4 cAAV ACSAoSAAV o
son. Mr.. Mcolay had preserved his notes
of Lincoln's conferences with his cabinet
officers, military personnel, diplomats and
other eminent characters. He also had
saved his records of Lncolns comments
on public policy, Army and Navy opera
tions, partisan activity, journalism. To
these reports he added many letters to
and about Lincoln, transcripts of Lincoln S
speeches and correspondence, various
diaries, clippings, etc. Now by courtesy
of his daughter, herself the author of
Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln" and
many other books, the whole accumula-
tion is joined to similar files which once
belonged to Andrew Johnson, Ulysses s.
Grant, Salmon P. Chase, Caleb B. Smith,
Edwin M. Stanton, Gideon Wells, George
B. Mcclellan, Benjamin F. Butler, Philip
H. Sheridan, Fitz John Porter, Horace
Greeley and Lyman Trumbull
From each of these many sources have
been derived the threads of the vast over
all fabric of Lincoln's story which is
certain to be produced again and again
as the decades wax and wane. The Library
of Congress is the proper place for the
treasuring of such materials Miss Nico-
lays share in the development of the
national thesaurus is notable as well as
generous.
Evening star., 1947-07-25

driving while drunk, driving on the wrong
side of the street, leaving after coliding should
be dealt with severely, as should, OF course,
those involving death.
my feeling is that the average motorist
here does not appreciate the seriousness OF
traffic offenses. He is allowed to 60 to the
precinct and post collateral, often nominal
amount. If he were made to come down to
court, wait around and be inconvenienced, he
would realize the seriousness Of his of1ense
and hesitate to repeat it.
Sees Lack of Public Education.
"Half the time, there is not an immediate
death in a negligent homicide case. The
injured person Is taken to the hospital and
subsequently dies. The driver is held for the
action of the coroners jury. That jury can
find: ID accidental death; Cd hold the driver
for the action Of the grand jury. which can
indict for manslaughter, or 90 hold him Tor
the action of the criminal division OF Municipal
Court, where negligent homicide charge Is
brought.
1T is not the fault of the Police Department
or the courts or the jury system under present
circumstances. The people are not properly
educated as to the seriousness Of the situation.
If the general public is properly educated and
observes the trafflc laws, we will not have
fatalities"
Inspector Arthur E. Miller, Police Depart
nlent, in charge Of trafic, said the Negligent
Homicide Act, copied from q Michigan law,
does not seem to be more successful than
involuntary manslaughter in traffic cases.
1.-THE judges instruct the jurors that If the
deceased contributed in any way to his death,
the jury cannot hold the accused" he said.
"This seems to be a stumbling block for juries.
- To- %ka,xR $taA
driver. Where q driver has been indicted
for manslaughter, some lawyers are willing to
plead the client guilty to negligent homicide,
a lesser offense. Even though the grand jury
ignores a case for manslaughter, we can still
hold a driver for negligent homicide If the
District Attorneys office gives us the necessary
papers.
1T is q mystery why the juries do not con-
vict more"
Evening star., 1947-07-25
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE

BY THE HASkIN SEhVlCE
@. Are there more accidents in farming
than in other industry?-H. P.
A, The occupational death total in agrtcul-
ture is the largest of any major industry. How
ever 1t ranks fourth among the SIX major
, industry groups In death rates.
@. What city is known by the nickname
"The Western Capital"?-J. w. G.
A. Denver, Colo, which claims to rank next
to washington, D. c.. in the number Of Federal
Government Offices. In 1945, there were IN
Denver four large Federal buildings housing
over "a Federal units. Others were qlArtered
In downtown office buildings
Q. Why is the temperature Of birds 50 hish'
Il. w. A.
A. The temperature of birds is the highest
of all vertebrates and hence Of all animals. It
is 2 to IA degrees higher than that OF
mammals. The reason is the greater emclency
of the birds physical processes, associated with
fight bird uses up its energy faster ana
lives at higher tempo
@. Was the poem "The New Colossus writ
ten by Emma Lazarus especially to be inscribed
upon the Statue of Liberty?-L. D. v
A. The poem was written in December. 1883,
for the portfolio of the art loan collection IN
order to aid the pedestal fund. It was placed
on q tablet in the pedestal OF the statue oy
friends of Miss Lazarus in 1908
@. By whom are generals appointed?-F. r.
A. The War Department says that the FTeSl-
dent nominates for appointment all general
officers above the rank Of colonel. Such noml-
nations must be confirmed by the Senate.
Below the rank of brigadier general the pro-
motions are automatic, being based on merit.
@, What famous English literary men were
born in India?-C. P. e. 10
A, Three outstanding writer's born IN lnal2
are Thackeray, Kipling and Eden PhillpcttS.
Thackeray whose father was employed by the
East India Company, lived in India until rha
was 8. aG,
@. Which is the most popular opera eyer
written by an American?-M. c. r. c.f
A. "The Kings Henchmen," by Deems Taylor.
is considered to be the most successful Of
American operas by many critics. Il.
@. Is 1t possible to grow four-leaved clover
plants?-E. s. D.
A. Scientists of the Department Of Agricul-
ture believe that to grow four-leaiet leaves
exclusively is difhcult, If not impossible. It H.
however, possible to plant cuttings from
plant which has many four-leaflet leaves ne
thus produce a great many Of them In sknN
patch. ws
G. Who appoints the Alaskan delegate .in
Congress?-J. r. A. ,xk
A. Alaska is represented in the United STATES
Congress by delegate who sits In the Hedss
of Representatives but has no vote. The deter
gate is elected by the people for two-year
term. 33t
@. Are English sparrows OF any value?-A.sG g:
a This unpopular bird has at least one good
trait in that 1t destroys weeds by eating great
amounts of the seeds. It has been estimated
ia one State that English sparrows destroyed
some s75 tons Of weed seed In one winter, In
the farming section alone.
Evening star., 1947-07-25

Scientists have discovered that diisobu-
tylphenoxyethoxyeth hyldimethylbenzylam
monium chloride will cure turkey disease
known as enterchepatitis of poults. Pro-
vided, presumably, that some way can be
found ofsstuf1ng all that into the mouth
of the enterchepatitic poult,
Evening star., 1947-07-25

A japanese statesman recently an
nounced that the aims Of Japan and Amer
lea now are identical. But only because
our aim In the war was better.
Evening star., 1947-07-25

20 per cent and IA per cent for the $2,5o0 and
100000 groups, respectively. This is to be
compared with 20 per cent and 10 per cent in
the vetoed bill. r. F. w.
Evening star., 1947-07-25

The House Of Representatives was told
that the United States is fighting with
dollars, not men. Buck" privates, so to
speak.
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Letters to The Star
Temporary Employees Qualified

Temporary Employees Qualified
To the Editor Of The Star:
wish to take an exception to your recent
editorial Personal Patronage" as 1t refers to
temporary Government employees 1t is evident
that your editorial writer holds the same false
assumption as many entrenched permanent
status workers. Their connotation Of the term
career employe" is Government worker ap-
pointed before February, 1872 as few perman-
ent status positions have been filled Except
10 point preference veterans) since that date.
Isn't your writer implying that no one has
entered the Government service recently who is
sincerely interested in making his public job
q life's career?
# the available vacancies in any one agency
are filled by transferees from other depart
ments, as you propose, even though the dis
missed temporary employees are highly qualified
what opportunities are there In governmental
service for the post-1s42 worker and the re-
Gently discharged veteran?
If personal patronage" is your charge now,
what assurance do you claim that will prevent
the interagency transfer of individuals qualified
only by right Of appropriate grade-level and
that unimpeachable, permanent status?
Many, many temporary employees are now
qualified on Civil Service registers by virtue OF
successful examinations (even though your
editorial hints that no temporary employees have
ever taken them and find that nothing Is being
done to convert their status, and probably will
not be until all of the career" employees are
well settled F. M. r.
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Questions and Answers

A reader can obtain the answer to any question
Of fact by writing The Evening Star Information
Bureau, 316 street NE, Washinston 2 p Z.
Please inclose three (3) cents for return POSTAGE
Evening star., 1947-07-25

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
toriter, although it Is permissible for a
,uriter known to The Star to use a
nom de plune. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Few Are Punished
In Traffic Fatalities

Here is the disposition of trafdc fatali-
ties for the past three fiscal years as shown
by statistics compiled by the District De-
partment Of Vehicles and Traffic:
Evening star., 1947-07-25
Proportional Tax Reduction


TO the Editor Of The Star:
With reference to the data quoted by David
Lawrence in his column of July 81, it should
be pointed out that the increase Of 1916 taxes
over those Of 1899 and not the total tax paid
in 1916 should be the basis for comparing the
reductions given to the various income groups.
Elementary calculations chow that the vetoed
tax bill would give reduction to the $2,5o0
group which is 20 per cent of the increase OF
the 1916 tax over the 1889 tax. For the 100000
group however, the reduction would be Il per
cent!
This means that the 100000 group would be
about 0.4 of the way back to 1889 levels when
the $500 group is only 0.3 Of the way. obvi-
ously, the 100000 group is going to reach the
1889 level much sooner than the 50 500 group II
additional reductions are made using the same
percentages.
A just procedure. on the other hand, would
give to each group reductions which are the
same fraction Of the increase Of 1916 taxes
over 1882 If this fraction Is 70 per cent, tho
percentages Of total tax paid IN 1915 would be
Evening star., 1947-07-25

@. Are English sparrows OF any value?-A. g.
A. This unpopular bird has at least one good
trait in that 1t destroys weeds by eating great
amounts Of the seeds. It has been estimateo
IN one state that English sparows destroyed
come ans tons Of weed seed In one winter. in
the farming section alone. .At
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21
Along The Cape Fear

field of photography. His life
furnishes a wonderful Illustration
of what can be accomplished by
one who unites vision with work,
Or Imagination with an infinite
capacity to take pains.
"Undismayed by hardships Or
calamities, undiscouraged by pub
lie apathy or criticism, he persls-
tently and energetically pursued his
vision of snatching from the ocean
and atmosphere the secret of their
laws and charting pathways across
the oceans and became in reality
the Pathfinder of the Seas
FOLLOWS THE SEA - A study
of the life of Matthew Fountain
IMaury reveals that he a an earn
est believer in God, Mr.. Fisher ex-
planned.
This came partly as a result OF
his home training, for his parents
were deeply religious. At an early
age he showed an interest in mill
tary life and expressed a desire to
become a student at West Point;
to this his father objected; he would
not give his approval.
But at the age of 10 this young
man secured an appointment as
midshipman in the United States
Continued ON Page 2; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21
COUNCIL AWAITS
MCMULLEN RULING
Investigation OF Applicants
May Be Decided By At
torney General

Further action by the city coun-
ell concerning the arrest Of two
former policemen on charges of
breaking and entering will depend
upon Attorney General Harry Nc
Mullen's opinion of whether the
chief of police has the authority to
conduct private Investigations of
applicants for membership on the
city police force, City Manager J.
R. Benson indicated yesterday.
Following a difference of opinion
between City Attorney William 3.
Campbell and the Civil Service
Commission last week over the
question, the New Hanover county
grand jury recommended that
Campbell request a ruling on the
subject.
The commission, on the other
hand, released a statement assert
ing that "it is the right and privi-
lege of the chief to reject any and
all Names"
Benson said yesterday that the
law declares that the right of Sc
lection rests with the commission.
Excerpts from the law governing
the Civil Service Commission OF
the City of Wilmington as enacted
by the North Carolina state legis-
|lature in 194i, apparently sub
stantiate Benson's contention.
Section 8: That the civil service
commission shall have full charge
Of passing upon the qualifications
and certifying the eligibility Of all
persons to be appointed as en-
ployes for the fire department OF
| such municipality, and also shall
have full charge of the removal and
discharge Of said employees from
the said departments. That no per-
son or applicant shall be eligible
for employment as a member Of
the fire department or police de-
partment, nor shall any member of
said departments be removed, de-
NOTED or dismissed therefl om, ex-
cept by, the majority action of the
civil service commission. The Civil
Service commission shall make all
necessary rules and regulations re-
lating to the requirements of ap-
plications for positions in the said
departments. Such rules and regu-
lations governing all applicants as
aforesaid shall be printed and made
available for public inspection and
for the use Of applicants for en-
ployment in said departments.
Section 4: That all applicants for
positions in the fire department or
police department of said city shall
be subjected to written examina-
Continued on Page 2; Col. s.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21

FAMOUS SON - Many of us did
not get the opportunity last Sunday
to hear the Rev. Edgar B. Fisher,
pastor. of the Trinity Methodist
church, when he delivered the
main address at the Lee, jackson,
Maury program before the Cape
Fear Chapter of the United Daugh-
tiers of the Confederacy.
All of us are familiar with Gen
erals Lee and Jackson, yet the
name of Maury may fail to ring a
familiar note.
AS Mr. Fisher pointed out much
has been said in former days con-
corning Jackson and Lee, but COM
paratively l:ttle attention has been
given to a study of the life Of
Matthew Fontaine Maury.'
AS Maury devoted much OF his
life to a study of the ocean. we
can think of no one who woul1 be
more welcome to these columns
than that distinguished Southerner.
RIGHTFUL PLACE ut is al
together fitting that he should be
included among the illustrious citi-
zens of a former generation" Mr..
Fisher stated in his address.
HE was born in the state of Viz
ginia in the year, 1906. and his
spirit took its flight from this
world in 1873.
HE is noted for his work in the
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21
CITY TO DELAY
TANK ERECTION
City Manager Cites Steel
Shortage As Factor In
Decision

The construction of a 1000, 00(
gallon water tank for Wilmington
has been postponed for the time
being due to the critical shortage
OF steel needed for the project, &C.
cording to City Manager J. R. Ben
son yesterday.
A forerunner of the decision te
postpone work on the project came
at last weeks meeting of the city
council when bids for the erection
of the tank we're rejected as toe
high.
Instead of the entirely new
water facility, Benson revealed
that the addition of new and bet.
ter equipment will begin shortly
He estimated that delivery of the
equipment now planned can be
made within three months whereas
at least a year and a half would
be required for the construction oil
a new tank even though materials
were available.
Materials necessary for the
erection of a new tank are in a
critical stage as far as delivery is
concerned" Benson said, land TO.
this season we are postponing f
the present the erection of a new
one. Instead. we will carry on GU
plans for new pieces of equipment
to be installed where necessary.'
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21
NATIONAL OFFICER
TO ADDRESS meet
Auxiliary OF East Carolina
Diocese Schedules An
nual Session

Mrs. Arthur M. Sherman. eXecu-
tive secretary of the Woman's
Auxiliary and member of the
National Executive Board of the
Episcopal Church will be the
principal speaker at the annual
meeting of the Auxiliary of t h e
Diocese Of East Carolina in st.
Johns church here tomorrow.
Holy communion will be cele-
brated at $50 a. m. with the Rt.
Rev. Thomas H. Wright, bishop of
the diocese, celebrant, assisted by
the Rev. E. w. Halleck, rector of
St. Johns church.
Mrs. Sherman has recently re-
turned from a trip to the Orient
where she was a member of a
delegation sent, by the National
Council to study conditions
in China, Japan and the Philippine
Islands to confer with bishops and
other leaders. The. group made
recommendations for ALLEGATION OF
money from the reconstruction and
advance fund.
The speaker will bring a message
Of the trip according to the COM
nittee in charge of arrangements.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-21
DISPOSAL SALES
TO Be SURVEYED
Two Maritime Officials Ar
rive From Washington
To Make Study

A survey of the methods employ
ed in the disposal of surplus goods
being stripped from vessels ar
irving here for storage in the
Brunswick River basin will start
this morning, L. T. Mccarthy, head
of the Maritime Commissions
sales and distribution activities,
said late last night upon his ar
rival here from Washington.
Pointing out that no probe is on
the agenda for today, Mccarthy,
who was accompanied to Whining
ton by Tom Matthews, of the
compliance section of the Mari.
time Commission, said that he
came here following complaints OF
former sales at the local shipyard
Earlier in the night c. Leonard
Harlan. disposal agent here, said
that he had not been notified OF
any investigation into activities
here. His statement was verified
by Mccarthy.
1.-THE public is often misinformed
about surplus sale transactions due
to the tremendous size of the
operations" Mccarthy pointed out.
A veteran with the Maritime
Commission. the, Washington Of
fetal revealed that he had per-
sonally supervised the stripping
and sale of goods from 200 ships
at the Richmond, Calf, yards and
approximately 100 ships on the
East Coast.
TT would not like to make any
statement at this time" he said,
until I have had a chance to look
over the local situation"
However, he was emphatic that
the entire set-up at the former site
of the North Carolina Shipbuilding
company would be surveyed dur
ing his visit here.