davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
GENERATING RAILWAYS

There are A railway companies
in the United States which operate
more than 1000 miles Of railroad
each.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
Powder IN Yonr Tires

A powder has been developed that
when blown into motor car inner
tubes reduces radio static.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

II has been estimated that IS per
cent of forest fires are set deliber-
ately and that tourists start the
other IS per cent.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

Tile used in modern buildings is
similar to that used in Egyptian
structures erected 5000 years ago.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
Cypress Swamp

Big Cypress swamp in the Ever
glades Of Florida Is a morass coy
ering two million acres.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
Highest Humidity

In Louisiana's sugar country, the
humidity usually is higher than at
any other point in the United States.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
VaIuable Turkey Feathers

Turkeys win average a pound OF
more Of feathers which can be sold
prohtably by turkey raisers.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

A large submarine can run unde-
water FIVE to six hours, depending
upon its battery capacity.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
Papa Flsh Takes Over

The female channel cat, after lay
ing her eggs, is chased from the
nest, the male taking over.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

American Bowling congress. or
ganized in 1895, is the worlds largl
est sports organization.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
GNvernment Mnnon0lv

Czechoslovakia motion pictures
are now a government monopoly.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
ombustion and Hay

Ten per cent Of harvested hay Is
destroyed annually by spontaneous
combustion.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
statue az virgin

The colossal iron statue of the
Virgin atop st. Christopher hill,
Chile, is ~ feet high.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
Not Soon Enough

After hopping of, fieas turn and
travel tail-first through the air.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

Some Of the mountain peaks
around Sun Valley, Ida, never lose
aheir snow.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
FIres and Mafnhea

One tree makes q million match
es, one match destroys a million
trees.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

American women in a single year
bought 5000 miles Of lipstick.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
StraddIes EQUATOR

Ecuador derives its name from
the fact that it lies directly on the
equator.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10
EmeraId ProdnotInn

Colombia has the worlds largest
production Of eneralds.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

Iowa leads the nation in the larR-
est percentage Of arabic land.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-07-10

Brazil grows about two-thirds Of
the worlds coffee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25

confiscatory taxation retarded the mechanical
ton of coal Mines and also the replacement of
obsolete machinery in industrial plants, which
prevented a normal and natural increase OF
production at reduced cost.
Instead of going to the root Of the dimculty,
the English people followed the futile course
Of attempting to overcome their difficulties by
aggravating the cause. They elected Social
istic Parliament composed largely OF weak
lings and incompetents, very different from
the personnel of the English Parliament Of by
gone days.
When a government takes over IN industry.
such as the coal industry, it ISSUES bonds IN
payment. The interest on the bonds and the
bonds themselves, unless repudiated, must be
paid from the proceeds of taxes, but the burden
of taxation is increased because the industry
taken over by the government no longer pays
taxes, and in fact generally is run at de-
felt
If we continue to follow the course that has
all but ruined the British Empire, our fate
eventually will be no different from its fate.
Certainly, we can survive longer than Eng
land because we are stronger and have more
natural resources to deplete. But a serious eco
nomic fallacy, unless corrected eventually will
destroy strong nation, just as surely as 1t
will weaker one, even as a serious malady,
if not given reasonable and timely attention,
eventually will destroy q strong man. just rs
surely as 1t will a weak one.
Butler. Pa, T. w. PHILLIPS, Jr.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
Plenty of Good Advice Available

There is nothing to be gained and much
that could be lost by hasty decisions re-
garding establishment of the alcohonc
clinics authorized by the past session OF
Congress.
For Washington the undertaking is.
something brand new. 1t is to be financed
by a special fund, collected from liquor
license taxes. 1t will involve degree OF
cooperation and of co-ordinated ef1ort
between the courts, the welfare, hospital,
health and penal agencies never attempted
in the past. One Of the broad aims OF the
statute Is to substitute treatment for
wasteful and futile punishment of con-
frmed alcoholics.
The Health Department may be the
proper supervisory agency to direct this
experiment, although the history of the
legislation and its phraseology argue
rather convincingly to the contrary. But
Commissioner Mason and his colleagues
would be well advised to postpone any
definite commitments on this and other
matters relating to organization until
they have canvassed the field OF expert
opinion. There are excellent sources OF
such advice available to them in Wash
ington The Public Health Service, the
penal authorities and, particularly, some
of the Judges who have shown much inter-
est in the legislation, should be called on
for advice. There is much to be learned
from the Connecticut authorities, for ex-
ample, who have already gained great
practical experience in treatment OF
alcoholics.
What we should avoid Is premature
freezing of plans for organizing the Wash
ington clinics before we really know where
we are going. The statute expressly pro-
vides that the clinics will not come into
operation until facilities are available for
treatment of the alcoholics. Money for
their administration is yet to be collected
and the amount is still matter of esti-
mates. While tables of organization,
number and categories of personnel
needed, ETC., should be under study now,
1t is premature to set all this down as
definitely fixed without charting very
definite policy for the experiment as
whole. If Commissioner Mason's plan of
organization, which he is discussing with
the Commissioners today, is adopted, 1t
should be with the express understanding
that it is entirely tentative. Before it
becomes permanent the Commissioners
would help themselves and help the COM
munity by setting up committee of expert
advisers, charged with recommending the
best approach.
Men who are qualified to express an
opinion believe there is promise in the
approach, through the statute just ap-
proved, to the problem Of alcoholism. We
do not want to place that promise in
jeopardy by going ahead with the alco-
holic clinics before we know just where
we are going.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25

procedures that may break through some
of the bottlenecks, the committee will have
served the country well.
There is no single domestic problem in
the country today that is crying louder
for solution than the unavailability OF
housing-unavailable, that Is, to the aver
age man who is anxious to obtain home
Of his own for his family at a price that
he can afford to pay. 1t is not likely that
Congress will come up with any simple or
easy solution. But if the joint committee
succeeds in focusing public attention on
the fundamental causes of fantastic con-
struction costs we shall have better idea
of who and What are to blame than we
have now.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
EVERYBODY Wants the Answers

Just before Congress adjourned it estao-
lished joint committee on housing ana
directed>it to bring in the answers, before
next March IS, to lot of questions that
everybody is asking.
The Joint committees organizing session
last week was marked by little battle OF
words between Senators Tobey OF New
Hampshire and Mccarthy of Wisconsin
over who would be chairman. The battle
ended with Representative Ralph A"
Gamble of New York to his own surprise,
being elected. But these temporary fire
works should not obscure the important
function of the committee. If it Is per-
formed well, the joint committee may
make some contribution when it gets to
work in October toward ending the dis
graceful housing conditions that represent
one of the strange anomalies OF this age.
The anomaly lies in our ability, as
Nation, to utilize mechanical skill and
ingenuity in the production of so many
marvellous devices, within price ranges
that make them available to almost every
body, while failing to bring the purchase
of a decent home within the means of
the average citizen. All of the bright
predictions, during the war OF the mar
velous results to be achieved in post,
war housing construction have fallen fiat.
We are mired up to our necks in costs
and complications that deny millions OF
Americans the means of acquiring home.
And up to this time no one has demon
strated greater futility than the Govern
ment in doing anything about it.
The Joint committee on housing has
been asked by Congress to get an answer
to such questions as these: Extent of the
need for housing: extent to which shortage
of materials contributes to the housing
shortage; the reason for the high cost of
building, in materials and other factors
which make up this COST the extent to
which archaic building codes hamper
building; availability of private capital
and Government money to finance build
ing, etc.
Each one OF these questions is important
and there are answers on the tips OF
many tongues. Yet many of them lead to
confusing controversy rather than to any
general acceptance of where. and why,
most of the log jams exist. If the COM
rnittee can bring In answers that are
uncolored by bias Of any sort and If it
can suggest. on the basis OF such answers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
Horse and Wagon Days

7 am lonely for the sound OF Wagon
Uheels,
For the plop of horses feet on unpa0ed
roads,
For the cry of bridges votcing their
complaints A.
THROUGH chattering planks beneath the
horse-dra,on loads.
T miss the creak OF leather and the smell
OF ,peathered barns, the musty scsnr OF
The crunchino sound of corn from dark
ened stalls,
A horses sudden shriH and startled
neigh.
Our cars are arro,os, stlrer-ttpped for
speed,
We reach the tar-or places, yet hare
lost
The Meath of leisure that zoe once haze
knOtDn.
Lite,s calm tranquility and at ,ohat
eosti GRACE NOLL CROWELL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
Those Fighting Poroguoyons

The well-known jingle describing certain
Appalachian mountaineers as "fghtin',
feudin' men" would seem to fit nicely those
embattled Paraguayans who have been
Shooting it out" for the past half year.
Fighting in Paraguay has additionally
been the national custom. Throughout its
tumultuous history warfare has been
endemic. When not fighting each other,
the Paraguayans have fought their neigh
bors. The upshot is that the country is
poor and backward, government consisting
of despotic interludes between frequent
revolutions.
Paraguayan revolutions are not the
comic-opera affairs they seem to be in
some other backward parts of Latin
America. The Ems" cling tenaciously to
power, while the "Outs" even though tenn
porarily defeated, rarely bow to the ar
bitrament of arms. For instance, Colonel
Rafael Franco, leader of the unsuccessful
revolt against President Morinigo, issues
a bellicose statement from his refuge in
Argentina that his recent defeat means
the loss of one battle, but the war will
continue as long as Morinigo remains In
power"
Whence comes this excessive bellicosity?
Basically, it would seem to be bred in the
stock. The Paraguayans are Guarani In
dams with varying dashes of Spanish
blood. And that appears to be highly
explosive compound This natural ex-
plosiveness is intensified by political fac
tionalism and army performance. Two
political parties, the Blancos and the Col
orados, have additionally struggled for
supremacy These parties are said to have
originally got their names from the shades
of knotted handkerchiefs, white or multi
colored, that the respective partisans wore
around their necks. Since Paraguayans
tend to take their politics straight"
sticking to their party allegiance from
father to son, the "feudist" element Is
obvious. As for the army, it is the coun-
try's most honored institution, the bright
est youths going into it as Offering the
most promising career. The army wants
the best and often throws its weight to
political faction or starts barracks re-
volt of its own to enforce its demands.
In so volcanic q political atmosphere,
few Presidents stay long in Office. Presi-
dent Morinigo has held power for nearly
eight years-almost record. OF course,
he did it by dictatorial methods, imprison-
ing or exiting opponents, gagging the press
and favoring the army. But he also seems
to have had the loyal support OF his COL
orado supporters, because they stood by
him and fought fiercely in the recent civil
war. The army was split on this occasion,
which partly accounts for the severity and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
Mine Warfare Aftermath

A recent report on the slow progress OF
minesweeping activities in the North Sea
is indicative of the tremendous task con-
fronting world shipping authorities as a
result of the unprecedented mining opera
tions of Allied and Axis participants in
World War II. Hundreds of thousands of
naval mines were laid in strategic areas
all over the world While all important
harbors and channels have been cleared,
countless numbers of the mines remain in
the oceans, constituting a menace that
will pose problem for shipping for years
to come.
More than seventy-five vessels have been
SUNK or damaged by mines in European
waters alone since the close of the war.
These included four British minesweepers.
More than thousand minesWeepers have
been steadily engaged in the hazardous
work of clearing the seas of Northwest
Europe, where it is estimated that at least
half a million mines were sowed by British,
German and other belligerents. More than
100000 square miles of mined waters have
been reopened to traffic since the war in
this area, but many parts of the coast
along the Netherlands, Belgium and Den
mark are still unsafe for mariners.
To deal with this serious aftermath of
war, the worlds maritime powers have set
up the International Mine Clearance Au-
thority, with headquarters I'D London.
This organization has collected, and Is still
seeking, all available information on min
ing operations of all belligerents in the
late war. The responsibility for sweeping
coastal waters rests with the country con-
trolling those areas. but where facilities
are lacking, nations whose ships regularly
ply the dangerous waters have assisted in
the work. or taken 1t over altogether. The
United States has assumed responsibility
The British and Dutch are taking care Of
seas in the Australian Malayan area.
What makes the job more perilous than
ever Is the fact that mines were developed
to point Of maximum treachery in World
War II. Special techniques had to be de-
vised to deal with disposal Of mines de-
signed to explode under widely varying
conditions. Some were activated by mag
netism of ships hull, some by water
pressure, SoH1e NY Souuu waves, some by
contact. There were anchored mines and
floating mines. Whatever their type, they
are dangerous BOBBY traps as long as they
remain undestroyed. Most of them will
be found and disposed of, but many will
escape detection. The final cleanup job
will be done by nature, for experience has
shown that rust and other natural de-
teriOra TING apentS eyent1la1lv will end tho
menace of the mine for good.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
Hemisphere Security Zone

The contention of several Latin-Ameri-
can delegates to- the Inter-American De-
fence Conference at Rio de Janeiro that
definite hemisphere security zone should
be agreed upon is reasonable one. AS
to conference subcommittee, the
Chapultepec pact never contemplated that
signatories would spring to the aid of one
of their number threatened with attack
at some point far outside the American
hemisphere. The United States has made
it plain, for example, that 1t would not
consider other American nations obligated
under the pact to join with us in resisting
an attack on our occupational troops in
Europe or Japan.
1t is WELL in the interest of avoiding
possible future MISUNDERSTANDING, that
there should be written into the final
treaty at Rio a clause definitely fixing
the boundaries of the American security
zone. An attack or threat of attack
against any American republic within this
zone would then become cause for joint
defensive action by all signatories to the
treaty.
The question of how far beyond the
American shoreline to extend the security
area will not be an easy one to solve. Con-
siderations of military strategy are in
volved that will require the most careful
attention of Secretary Marshall and other
military experts at the conference. The
entire Caribbean area naturally would fall
within the American security zone, and SO
would the Galapagos Islands off the Pa
cific coast. But how about the Azores?
And how about Hawaii, which before long
may become our forty ninth State and
which constitutes an essential western
bulwark against naval or air attack from
the west? It seems evident that an at
tack on this key Pacific base would con-
stitute an act of aggression against the
American hemisphere. Since such an at
tack would be an immediate threat to
the security of all the Americas, it would
seem on its face that Hawaii should be
included in the "aggressors keep off" zone.
The promptness with which most of the
Latin-American nations recognized the
danger which threatened Them as well as
the United States, when the Japanese at
tackled Pearl Harbor indicates that they
already are aware or the Importance OF
that Pacific outpost in the American de-
Tense scheme.
The responsibility Of drawing security
zone chart has deyolved upon a subsidiary
group consisting of representatives of the
United States Brazil, Mexico, Peru and
Bolivia. All of these republics are so stu
ated geographically as to be acutely aware
of the strategic Importance of the Carib-
bean and Pacific bastions in any CONT
mental security plan. The recommended
tons of this group should bear great
weight with the other nations. although
there may be lengthy discussions before
a final agreement is reached on the de-
tense zone limits. The fixing of these
boundaries Is as vital to the success of
the whole hemisphere program as any
other problem faced by the barley.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25

A1TOOTTe JOTeSL HgHteTS TISE LfteT
Hpes parachuting to the edge OF infernos
like this one in neao kind OF aerial
warfare. -AP Photo.
streamers. Some planes are equipped with
cameras and darkrooms to develop aerial
photographs Of the fires for the force on the
ground
Ignition From the Clouds.
A whole series of fires have broken out in
Western Nevada in the last few weeks in the
wake of dry electrical storms which dropped
lightning bolts into finder dry forests. Often
a score of small fires were started in one area.
An airborne force is especially effective under
such conditions when the time and track of
storms are known.
In areas where such storms are frequent,
air patrols are replacing observation towers
as a means of giving the alarm.
Dry electrical storms are less frequent In
the East, where most fires are man-made,
the result Of careless smokers, debris burning,
camp fires, locomotives and numbering opera
tions In the East, the normal fire seasons
are early spring and late fall, although
threatening situation developed this Summer
after long dry spell in the Southeast.
The value of fire protection Is illustrated by
the fact that 18,117,463 unprotected acres were
burned over last year with a loss OF $25,306,907
as compared with burned area of 2573,930
acres and loss of 81, 1877 ,206 in protected re-
gions.
More than $50, 900 acres are now pro-
tected by Federal, State and private agencies,
while there are only 120, 900 acres still lack
ing protection, mostly in the South.
This is due largely to the failure Of many
Southern States to match Federal funds ap-
propriated mostly on a $3.50 basis.
The number of forest fires increased vastly
after the end of the war eased travel restric-
lions and sent tens of thousands of vacationists
and campers to the national parks.
Experts believe the general public may have
forgotten to some extent the lessons on fire
prevention they learned before the war put
an end to pleasure travel.
One look at forest fire at close quarters,
they say, is enough to convince the toughest
cynic of the need for extreme care when the
woods are dry ....-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25

duration Of the struggle. Morinigo SEEM
ingly continues to be boss. But If he had
been ousted, the victors would presumably
have followed the usual political pattern.
In Paraguay, as the French say, "the more
things change the more they are the
same
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-08-25
How Matchmaking Industry Hurts

How MATCHMAKING INDUSTRY AluTts
To the Editor Of The Star:
The heading "Attlee Reported Ready to
Quit" was no surprise to those Of us who have
been watching the progress CD of the Social
istic government Of Great Britain.
About as years ago on the boat from Tangier
to Casablanca I had an interesting converse
ton with Britisher, which I remember very
distinctly 1t was shortly after had been
elected to Congress, and naturally was pay
ing close attention to economic and political
questions the world over.
In the course of this conversation said that
unless the tax policies inaugurated by Lloyd
George in England, and which were being
adopted in the United States were radically
changed, they would result In the loss Of the
leadership of the Anglo-Saxon peoples. The
laws then in force, and which later became
more drastic, were not only discouraging the
accumulation Of capital, but actually confscat-
ing capital.
Coal, and manufacturing, based on the use
OF coal, were and are the basis Of England's
foreign commerce and prosperity. No doubt