davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-04-14

81. Cancer is one OF the Nations most
serious causes Of illness, death, and
needless economic waste.
q. The present types OF medical serv-
Ice available In the field of cancer are
not adequately supplied throughout the
country: their extension should result
in saving the lives Of more patients af
ficted with cancer and in averting the
spread Of cancer in those patients in
whom an early diagnosis may be made.
"3. From the standpoint of human
beings who are possible sufferers from
the disease. the solution of the cancer
problem depends on the finding and ap-
plication OF better methods Of diagnosis
and therapy than now exist.
a. It is automatic that knowledge of
the basic phenomena of cell growth
will be needed for the solution of the
problems of cancer.
IS. Surveys by the Committee on
Growth showed that less than $1,000,-
600 was reported to be available in the
United States in the year 1944-5 for
direct research In cancer. The amount
of money available during the present
year Is estimated to be less than $780,
0OO
IS. Present support OF cancer research
Is almost entirely renewable annually
and terminable. and this fact has handi-
capped a more adequate attack on the
problem.
81. There are too few scientists cur
rently at work, available for or inter-
ested in work directly related to the
cancer problem.
%. There are too few laboratory IA
,cilities for the housing of more ade-
quate research program.
%. There are too few hospital beds
reserved for use In. studying cancer in
man."
Greater Effort Advocated.
DR.. Parran also submitted to the COM
mittee, as a further document, a state
ment adopted by the National Advisory
Cancer Council on November 8 last, the
text OF which reads in part as follows:
Il. The cancer problem is of sufficient
Importance to the Nations health that
Federal action on a much larger scale
than heretofore is greatly and urgently
needed.
III. Increased Federal support is need
ed not only for research into the cause
and means Of control of cancer, but also
for assisting States and local commu-
mites In applying more efficiently
knowledge already acquired.
iii. The cancer problem is essentially
public-health problem, While in its
research phases it must depend upon
the widest variety of scientific disciplines,
this, in itself, does not distinguish can
Ger from any other disease of man.
Nv. Research is basic tool of and
not an end of public health.
"V. A dissertation of fundamental re-
search and practical application on any
public health problem inevitably weak
ems the efforts of each.
wi. The United States Public Health
Service has an extremely broad statutory
basis for discharging appropriate re-
sponsibilities of the Federal Government
IN connection with the cancer problem.
The Public Health Service has q back
ground of experience and a nucleus of
organization and physical facilities un-
paralleled anywhere in the world, as a
resource to apply to the cancer problem
IN 1t broadest aspects"
Tomorrow: Some accomplishments
to date)
Evening star., 1947-04-14

the United States, mindful Of It's
obligations under the Moscow Agree
ment, sees no alternative to taking
without further delay such steps In
its zone as will advance the purposes
Of that agreement"
This implies the setting up OF a
native regime In our zone truly
representative of the population. 1t
likewise implies economic recon-
struction measures, despite the bur-
den which this may entail upon US.
Presumably, 1t also portends action
against Communist inflltration and
sabotage. The days OF our passivity
in Korea are obviously over.
Evening star., 1947-04-14
Fixing Gas Tax Rates

An unexpected degree Oi OppoSi-
ton to the cent-a-gallon increase in
the gasoline tax was expressed at
the recent hearings on the tax pro-
gram. Much of it came from the oil
interests, UNDERSTANDABLE energetic
in fighting tax increases paid by
automobile users.
But so much work is necessary to
make highway improvements ade-
quate for postwar traffic that the
public generally appreciates the
need. The bill, however, should be
written to permit the Commissioners
to fix the rate of tax annually, thus
eliminating existing requirements
for an act of Congress whenever the
rate is changed.
The same principle has applied
for many years in reference to the
tax rate on real estate and personal
property. The Commissioners are
empowered to fix it at the beginning
of each fiscal year. There are several
advantages in extending this power
to the gasoline tax rate.
In the first place, this tax should
be coupled very closely with neces-
sary expenditures. It should be
levied specifically in accordance
with the amount of work to be done.
1t should be so elastic that the tax
can be reduced If the needs dimin-
ish, just as it should be possible to
increase it until some definite
project has been financed. In the
second place, the Commissioners
are usually responsible to public
sentiment, as they should be. If
developments-as during the war,
for example-make extensive high
way construction or improvement
impracticable, the tax should be
reduced until work can be resumed.
Finally, Congress should encourage
delegation of such power to the
Commissioners. 1t makes for more
efficient local government, saves
time and energy at the Capitol and
extends the principle of home rule.
The Star made this suggestion last
fall and 1t was well received. The
Board OF Trade has taken it up as
a proposed amendment of the gaso-
line tax bill. It is hard to find any
objection to 1t and the merits are
obvious.
Evening star., 1947-04-14
Customs Union Experiment

The ideal OF economic unif1cation
for Europe's many sovereignties has
long been discussed and Is theoret-
ically more alluring than ever in
these hard postwar days. But
hitherto it has seemed to fit into
Mark Twain's category of the
Notwithstanding which, despite
much talking, nobody did anything
about. However, three European
nations seem determined to put pre-
cept into practice. These are the
three neighbors collectively known
as the Low Countries-Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxembourg.
All three are, to be sure, small in
size. Luxembourg, especially, is a
veritable midget, with it's area of
only 999 square miles and it's 100000
inhabitants. Yet even Luxembourg
is economically of disproportionate
significance owing to its iron and
steel industry, while Belgium and
Holland have combined population
of nearly 100000, plus colonial
empires of great extent and vast
natural wealth.
1t is this trio which is taking
definite steps toward the formation
of customs union which, in turn,
is the preliminary stage toward an
eventual goal of full economic and
. monetary union. Identic bills are
being laid before the respective
legislatures for joint tariff schad-
ule which will become operative
three months after ratification. This
new schedule is a compromise be-
tween the previous high Belgian and
low Dutch tariffs. The bills also
provide for the abolition of import
duties between the three countries,
though only for goods originating
directly with them. It is believed
that this joint tariff can give the
signatories much greater bargaining
power in tariff negotiations with
other countries.
Realization of the larger aim
economic union-will naturally in
volve complex adjustments in such
matters as the equalization of taxa
ton systems, prices, wages, social
security and currency suabilization.
Many conflicting interests, notably
in industry and agriculture, muss be
snioothed out. Nevertheless. the
Evening star., 1947-04-14
Showdown on Korea

Ofhand, 1t may seem a far cry
from Germany to Korea. Yet there
is striking parallel between Soviet
action and policy in both lands.
Indeed, Moscow's doings in Korea
constitute an even more fragrant
and cynical breach of it's engage
mentS with us and its other western
allies than in the conquered Reich.
Furthermore, in Korea, we and the
Russians confront each other more
Immediately. Thus, when Secretary
of State Marshall emphatically
raises the Korean issue by his note
to Foreign Minister Molotov, he is
following a pattern already set by
our stand over Germany and Aus
tria, to say nothing of Greece and
Turkey. This policy is essentially
one of Showdown" because it not
only deletes "appeasement" but also
envisages positive action on our part
II Moscow further stalls and delays.
The record in Korea is crystal
agreed to in principle between our
selves and Soviet Russia as far back
as the Teheran Conference of 1943,
and was implemented at the Mos
COW Conference two years later. The
bisecting of Korea along the 38th
parallel of latitude was to be mere
interim arrangement, to be super
seded by the setting up of Korean
provisional government under joint
Russo-American guidance looking
toward national reconstruction and
eventual independence
This program has been frustrated
by the studied refusal of the Soviet
local authorities to carry out the
Moscow Agreement. The military
demarcation line has become an
iron curtain" in the grimmest sense
of the term. In its zone of North
Korea, Soviet Russia has set up
puppet regime run by local Com
munists, with powerful army of its
own under Russian guidance. This
regime makes no bones of its inten-
tion eventually to absorb the whole
OF Korea and inflltrates our south
ern zone with its skilled agents to
sow diSsension and undermine our
authority. Since North Korea con-
tains most Of the country's natural
wealth, our zone needs to be aided
by us with large subsidies in order
to survive.
Nevertheless, Secretary Marshall
informs Mr.. Molotov that we do not
propose to wait longer on Moscow's
homeopathic tactics. He suggests
q breaking of the deadlock between
the local authorities In Korea by
reconvening the Joint Commission
provided for under the Moscow
Agreement. But the Secretary goes
On to warn that: I'm the meantime,
Evening star., 1947-04-14
What We Must Outlaw

70 the Editor of The Star:
Outlawing the Communist Party will
not provide the protection we seek
against the subversion which we know
the Communists never cease to plot
against lis. We know this to be so, for
we are aware that the name" under
which the Communists carry on their
subversion is immaterial to them.
Viewed from any aspect. the problem
presented by the Communists is nasty
one, and it isn't going to be easy to
arrive at solution any less nasty. Yet,
the problem must be solved, If we are
to insure the preservation of our demo-
cratic freedoms and institutions.
There should be no question of our
right and our duty to do whatever Is
necessary to protect our freedoms and
our democratic institutions from de-
struction by the subversive machina-
tions of an element which seeks to sub
stitute the human mass" concept for
the concept of a nation of free indi-
viduals," and which would substitute
'inflexible dictatorship" for govern
ment Of the people, by the people and
for the people"
Subversion is the aim of the Com
munists and subversion is what we must
outlaw I submit that the Communists.
under any name" could not escape
being the people described by care
fully drawn legislative enactment out
lawing the particular brand of subver-
sion which the Communists Away
have. and always will, attempt to per-
petrate. In other words, the Commu-
nists may change their name, but they
will never change their actions, and 1t
is their actions which we wish to out
law. B. L. FREEMAN.
Coral Hills, Md.
Evening star., 1947-04-14
On the Record
By Dorothy Thorn bson

"Madam"-his voice was now icy-"I
told you only very important calls"
rs love important?" I asked
NOW ne laughed, very nice young
laugh. You bet," he said.
Young man." I agreed, nothing is
more Important. And is 1t not important
to be we'll? Are only illness, death and
disaster Important? Are the emergen-
cies recognized by your union only such
as communicate bad news? II / were
dying" I concluded, bitterly, you would
just love to tell my husband. You would
rush right in to break his heart. You
wouldn't delay second"
Wait minute" he started, but I
interrupted. "And that's the trouble
with your old union and your old COM
pany, too"
How Gomez" he asked.
Those ads. Every time you don't
agree, you rush into the papers-both
OF you-each to tell me why the other
is wicked and wrong. Can't you find
anything nice to say about each other?
Why don't you ever say something nice
about each other in the papers? That
would be very important. That would
be news"
y y
He laughed again.
Lady" he said-not madam" any
more-"there's something in what you
say, but"
Are you married." I asked
NO" he said, "but I'm going to Be
any day.
Like her?"
Like her? And howl"
$50 you realize my call is really very
important"
Yes" he said.
$50 you'll put it through"
mo" he said.
That's what feared. But isn't It
screwy?"
Yes he said. But you sit down and
write"
Sure will" I said. 'Well-Good luck
and goodbye"
Thanks" he said. "And the same to
you. Goodbye"
(ReleEsed by the Bell svndtest. Yn.,
Evening star., 1947-04-14
Strengthened Safeguards

Chairman Rees of the House Civil
Service Committee has taken note of
certain weaknesses in President
Truman's recently announced loyal
ty program in introducing legisla-
ton to supplement the Presidents
plan. The Rees bill is designed to
strengthen the executive order on
loyalty requirements in two major
respects. First, 1t would make man
datory (instead of discretionary as
at present. the dismissal of any en-
ploye found by an appeals board to
be disloyal, after inquiry by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Second, it would vest entire RESPONSE
bility for loyalty investigations in
the FBI.
The provision for mandatory dis
missal of disloyal employees is aimed
at serious loophole In the execu-
tive order. That order leaves too
much discretion in the hands of de-
partment heads. They are held "re-
sponsible" for insuring the loyalty
of their employees, but no means is
provided for enforcing wholeheart-
ed compliance with the intent of
the order. The Rees bill would cor
rect this defect by setting up a sort
OF super-board empowered to order
the discharge of subversive en-
ploye. This is drastic proposal
which may be questioned as inter-
fering with the traditional right of
department heads to hire and fire
as they please, subject to civil service
rules. A more practicable way of
accomplishing the same objective
would be to empower the Civil Serv-
ice Loyalty Review Board to crack
down. when necessary by citing to
the President departments or agen-
cies failing to take proper action.
The President then could demand
compliance-or get another head for
the department or agency.
Although well-intentioned, the
Rees proposal to dump into the lap
OF the FBI the entire loyalty pro-
gram, including investigation of
civil service applicants, is of doubt
full wisdom. This would mean at
least partial duplication of in
veStigative work by the Civil Serv-
ice Commission and the FBI, for the
commission is required by law to in
vestigate the character and other
qualifications of an applicant. To
have the FBI independently con-
Quoting another investigation of the
applicant at the same time might
result in conflict and confusion. The
Presidents plan to charge the Civil
Service Commission with the duty
of investigating applicants would
avoid possibility of conflict.
There is much merit in the plan
to give the FBI authority to investi-
gate employees already on the pay
roll, however. Under the executive
order, the FBI would conduct only a
name check" 1t should have the
power to conduct thorough investi-
cation of any employe whose loyalty
is in question. This would entail
larger appropriations than the FBI
now receives. And the Civil Service
Commission will need more funds
and more people if it is to carry out
its part of the job. This is one field
in which too much economizing is
risky.
Evening star., 1947-04-14
National Cancer Institute star Photo

THE campaign In Washington to
raise funds in q national effort to
fight cancer begins today. This is the
| first OF t,oo drticles repietping recent
testimony before a congressional COM
mittee by Surg. Gen. Thomas Payran.)
What Is happening especially with
regard to national effort-in the war
against cancer?
Perhaps the best recent answer to the
question thus phrased may be found in
the hearings on the labor social security
appropriation bill, 1913.
DR.. Thomas Parran, surgeon general,
United States Public Health Service, was
star witness before the subcommittee
of the Committee on Appropriations,
House OF Representatives. "To the best
of my understanding" he said, "the con-
sensus among scientists Of the country
interested in cancer is that in order to
speed the solution of the cancer problem
there are several things that need to be
done First, there must be a large-scale
training OF scientists in the many dis
cipl1nes involved in the study of cancer
and the. training Of physicians skilled
in prevention, diagnosis and treatment
Second, there must be large-scale
support Tor cancer research, including
grants for salaries, equipment and sup
plies, and, where necessary, for the cost
OF constructing the added laboratory
and clinical research facilities which are
needed.
Uninterrupted Support Needed.
Third. and of more importance, I
think, than anything else, is some as
surance OF continuity of program. Many
workers and universities now are un-
willing to engage in cancer research,
because Of the very complexity of the
problem. the long-range attack that
must be made, and because they lack
adequate assurance of continuous finan-
cial support.
Il am sure that I do not know the
answer to the question of what is as
surance of continued financial support.
There was time when a university
with million dollars could assume it
would have $4,000 year income, at 5
per cent. Rates of interest have gone
down, and I think no one can project
into the future what will be the rates
OF return on capital The State uni
versities have given assurance, by and
large, of continued support in their edu-
cat1onal and research activities. The
Federal Government is a relative new
conner in the field of giving grants for
the support of medical research. need
not elaborate that point. There still
exists considerable uncertainty among
scientists throughout the country as to
whether or not change in national
psychology, change in administration
and other changes that may come about
in the Government, because of economy,
because OF other national pressures, be-
cause OF variety of circumstances, will
lead to dropping this governmental ac-
tivity " =
There is general agreement among
scientists as to the nature and scope
OF the cancer research which should he
pursued. The members of the National
Research Councils Committee on
Growth, dealing with cancer essentially
and other manifestations of growth. to-
gether with representatives Of the pub
lie Health Service, have agreed upon
such program"
DR.. Parran filed with the committee
a copy of the program referred to, read
ing:
Evening star., 1947-04-14
To q Meadow Lark

Grace note perched upon a ran.
Bubble borne on a ,Dino.
Dotpn the long, bright corridors
OF summer days, you sing.
For to1,at audience do you
SerDe as Docdl sum-
Does mouse or cricket clnque
Mark ,ohat you hare done?
Do you haze q contract signed
With some higher laU-
Sealed NTH your imprinted small
Trinity OF cln,o7
Set the price, IT price there be,
Send me all the bill
Only let your aria
Light this tcdde green hHll
VIRGINIA SCOTT MINER.
Evening star., 1947-04-14

creation Of a relatively large home
market and joint action for the pro-
motion Of exports are incentives Of
compelling nature.
The creation of such a new eco
nomic unit In Western Europe would
not only be constructive factor in
itself but would also serve as a model
for similar trends visible In Scandi-
navia and elsewhere.
Evening star., 1947-04-14
Foreign VS.. u. S. Art
To the Editor of The Star.

TO the Editor Of The Star
I would like to say q word about the
National Gallery OF Art. During the
winter spent in Washington I visited
the gallery often. I, too, have been
struck by its thin representation of
American artists, and it seems to me
that this is unfortunate in such a great
national center.
It is quite true, as one Of your corre-
spondents suggests, that we must study
the old in order to understand the new
But discrimination is still a virtue. De
Maupassant and Boccaccio doubtless in
nuenced their contemporaries, yet do
Evening star., 1947-04-14

not find it necessary to hold them up
to my daughters for inspiration. Ger
tainly not to the exclusion of abler pens
and nobler themes.
The function of great national gal
lery is not solely to furnish objective
material for art students. Surely its
mission should and must be one OF patri-
otic inspiration as well. While respect
ing fully the principle of universally in
art, am inclined to second the gentle
man who finds inspiration for our youth
in American genius, no less than in
French impressionism. The National
Gallery at present does give us some
overdoses of certain foreign schools
And I may add that I. too, find its dis
play of uniformed might rather tactless
and irksome
PETER MoNTJoY LENT.
ithaca, N. Y.
Evening star., 1947-04-14

Last week my husband went to the
country to be gone some days and, as
usual, I missed him very much. Alone,
after solitary dinner, thought how
much I liked him, what wonderful
fellow he was, and that didn't tell
him so nearly often enough. Also, when
he left, it looked as though 1 was
coming down again with the flu, and he
was worried. He'd certainly be glad to
know it had blown over.
That was the first time the telephone
strike interfered with my happiness. Up
to then. instead of all those calls from
Washington usually asking me to join
in fighting something or somebody, peo-
pie had written letters-which was a
blessing. But now wanted to talk with
my husband. It was very important to
me. I dialed 211
That recorded female voice repeated
pedantically. Due to the strike" And
then pleasant male voice cut In. do
you want to place call and is 1t very
Important"
YES" answered happily at is very
important It is urgent that speak
with my husband"
"Is there a disaster?" he inquired
sympathetically.
mo, just the opposite" I caroled.
Now, in stern voice, rapidly and
coldly, he reeited: "You may call in
connection with fire. flood, wreck, tor
nado, riot, emergency requiring police,
fire department, doctor, ambulance,
power or pipeline failures, serious acci-
dent, illness, death or disaster. Is your
call connected with any of these?"
X II
would you call virus influenza
serious illness?" 1 inquired
Might be-" he replied. do you want
to call q doctor?"
Might bep" I repeated Indignantly
Did you ever have it? Do you know
how often one gets pneumonia? And
ven without pneumonia ."
Yeah, know" he said again SYM
pathetic do you have it?"
NO." I cried triumphantly. "And
want to tell my husband So"