davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-11-11
No Halfway Measures

The basic argument for AN emergency
European aid program has been put be-
fore Congress by General Marshall In
these words: 1T will do little good to dis
cuss the merits of recovery program for
Europe if in the meantime political and
economic conditions have deteriorated to
a point where such program could not
possibly succeed"
In other words, he was saying that we
must provide enough aid to keep Western
Europe alive through the winter If we
expect to accomplish anything through the
long range recovery program which Is ex-
pected to begin operation some time next
year.
That is self-evident proposition which
scarcely admits of argument. What seems
to be less evident, however, is the compile
mentary proposition that the long range
program, if it is to be effective, must be
undertaken on a scale sufficient to assure
it's success. To tackle this job in half
hearted fashion can be just as disastrous
as failure to provide the necessary in
terim assistance.
Senator Taft has said that he thinks the
1lSu CO 1Ol doSAoCoilSC PuV AOA Wal Va Wy oSA-
eral Marshall-$597 million for immediate
aid and $7.5 billion for the flfteen-month
period beginning April 1-are too high.
At this time no one can say exactly what
the figures should be. This is something
that will be developed as the congressional
hearings progress, and If it can be shown
that the Secretary Of States estimates are
too high, they should, of course, be
trimmed
But a heavy burden will rest on the
pruners. For If they cut too deeply they
will then be responsible for the failure
of the Marshall plan and the handing over
of Western Europe to the Communists.
There is no more justification now for half
way, penny -pinching measures than there
would be. if this country were at war with
Russia in the traditional sense. Senator
Taft was one of those who was slow to
react to the approaching war with Japan
and Germany. We cannot again afford
to be late in opening our eyes to the danger
which confronts us.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
The Philippine Elections
Large Vote Seen Fpinos Go Polls Today Choose
Legislative and Municipal Officers
By A. L. Valencia

Widespread attention will be focused on the
Republic of the Philippines today as its
citizens 60 to the polls to exercise their right
of franchise in general elections for the first
time since their nation became independent.
The Philippines became a republic on July 4,
1916, but its officials were elected while the
islands still had commonwealth government.
These officials continued in Office when the
United States, in keeping with its pledge
through the years, granted the Filipinos full
independence.
The significance of the event is that although
the Republic of the Philippines is new, it's
electorate is seasoned and experienced. For
free elections and the right to vote are duties
and privileges which the Filipino people have
enjoyed and exercised for many years.
In todays elections about 900 persons
are eligible to vote. There have been estimates
that about IS per cent Of those eligible will go
to the polls.
The elections will determine the winners of
eight senatorial seats and As provincial gov
ernorships. In addition, the Filipinos will vote
for 100 members of provincial boards, 1,130
municipal mayors and about 1000 municipal
counclmen.
United States as Guide.
Americans in particular will watch with
interest as Filipinos exercise their rights Of
franchise. For, under United States tutelage,
Filipinos were guided through 48-year period
from nonresponsibility for their own affairs to
full and complete independence.
The training of Filipinos for self-government
began in local Offices and municipalities where
the Mayor, Vice Mayor and members of the
municipal council were elective. In the first
elections, held in 1901, the franchise was based
on residence, property ownership and hteracy in
Spanish or English. 1t was limited to males %
years of age and over. 1t has been estimated
that less than 2 per cent of the total population
voted.
The Filipinos' share in government gradually
was extended. First votes for provincial gov
ernors were cast in 1902 In 1907 the National
Assembly came into being, elected by popular
vote. In 1916 the Legislature became bicameral
with one Senator elected from each Of the IL
senatorial districts and one Representative each
from 81 districts.
At the start, each Provincial Governor was
assisted by two appointive officials in the ex-
Evening star., 1947-11-11

Thus, Mr.. Royal, for example, will get
the double honors at an Army station, but
not at one run by the Navy or Air Force.
This clever settlement of a delicate ques-
ton of military etiquette speaks pretty
much for itself. 1t shows how the in
genuity of men of good will can cope with
the knottiest of situations and find an
agreeable way out. with all hands salts
fed. More than that, it augurs we'll for
the solution of numerous other tricky
problems still inherent in the unification
of our armed forces. Surely, if the protocol
involved has been taken care of with such
relative ease, the remaining difficulties
ought not to be too much to surmount.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
A Red Wehrmucht?

In recent weeks there have been authori-
tative American reports on the formation
of German army under Soviet tutelage.
The substance of these reports has been
that the army numbers only about 100000
men, that it has no heavy equipment, and
that its chief potential menace rests not in
itself, but in the fact that the Kremlin may
be able to use it for ominous political ends
as an instrument appealing to the mass
nationalistic spirit still existing in Hitler's
shattered Reich.
Now, however, the significance and size
of this so-called Free German Army have
been evaluated in much more alarming
terms by the International Committee for
the Study of European Questions. The
committee-a nongovernmental organlza-
ton made up of distinguished and world
famous citizens from such countries as
Britain, France, Belgium, Norway, Holland
and Denmark-has drawn up 10000
word report on the subject. With former
French Premier Herriot alone dissenting,
the report makes the following charges,
among others:
Cd That Foreign Minister Molotov has
u. S. S. R. now holds only about 100000 of
the 100000 Nazi troops it captured
during the war; (2) that several dozens
of divisions" have been formed from these
men and that their officerS-under the
overall Kremlin-controlled direction of
the former Wehrmacht generals Won
PauluS, Won Seydlitz and Wagner-are
being intensively trained in Soviet mill
tary schools; (3) that these and other
erstWhile Nazi commanders and top tech
nicians are working closely with the Rus
slams in Russia as well as in the Soviet zone
in Germany in the development and pro-
duction Of heavy armament ranging from
big guns and tanks to submarines and jet
propelled planes; and (4) that the Stain
government thus is organizing, and indoc
trinating with Communist theology, a
powerful new German armed force and
that it is doing so for the purpose of having
it on Russias side as a tool of expanding
Red totalitarianism imperiling the West.
In making these and similar charges,
the International Committee has cited as
it's chief source of information its own
European-wide espionage system. At the
same time it has frankly acknowledged
that it had found it difficult to verify"
many aspects of the situation-a fact in
dicating that it's report must be read with
some reserve. Even so, the committee has
felt justified in drawing conclusions of
an extremely serious nature and forward
ing them to the top-ranking statesmen of
all wartime Allied countries, including
Russia. Certainly, If the report has the
picture only half right, it is still grave
enough in it's implications to demand at
tention at the highest levels.
In fact, If the international Committee
is substantially correct, there is no reason
why Mr. Molotov should not be confronted
with the charges at the forthcoming
meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers
in London. This is matter that goes very
close to the heart of writing treaty for
Germany and establishing sound Euro
pean peace. If Russia really is trying to
build a new, Communist -indoctrinated
Wehrmacht, the sooner we have a show
down on it the better.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
Diaries Taken to Task

To the Editor of The Star:
I'll go along with the views of Ralph S.
Pearse on the local dairies. Not only are they
cramming their high prices down the throats
OF the consumers and making them like it;
there is still another item that seems to have
escaped the notice of every one.
Since the war years the dairies have slashed
their delivery cost in half by making deliveries
every other day. They have made no attempt
to pass any Of this saving to the public. Milk
delivery every other day means that our baby
has to drink milk two days old. Where is the
Health Department? Do they allow the dairies
to sell milk two days old? think not but they
allow the dairies to force us to store the milk
in our refrigerators for two days-which
amounts to the same thing. G. H. H.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
Speculation in Food
TO the Editor Of The Star:

TO the Editor of The Star:
Speculation in food products is now and
always has been against the law. 1t Is called
forestalling or engrossing. Selling other things
at more than they are worth Is extortion
which is also against the law. But inasmuch
as no one seems disposed to enforce these
laws, no doubt 95 per cent excess profit tax
would stop most of the robber prices and at
the same time help to pay on the national
debt, which If not reduced will in time have
us in the same condition that England Is in
now.
Also. If Congress is going to keep a floor
under the prices of farm products, 1t should
put ceiling over the prices at which these
products can be sold. In sending relief to
Europe we should send four bushels of po-
tatoes for every bushel Of grain. We eat po-
tatoes and they should do the same. Even II
1t does take more space to transport potatoes
than grain we have plenty of idle ships and
we don't have too much grain.
DEMOCRAT.
Gainesville, Fla,
Evening star., 1947-11-11

ecutive branch Of the government. These were
treasurer and a director Of public works.
These three formed the provincial board" At
first, only the Governor was elective. Later,
another provincial board member became elec-
tive, and in 1916, the third member of each
provincial board also became elective.
- The Jones Act of 1916 broadened the fran
chise. Voting age was reduced to 81. Literacy
in Filipino language or dialect might be sub
stituted for Spanish or English.
Education Fostered.
Meanwhile, education was being fostered In
1915, $4,000 children were enrolled in public
schools. Immediately before the recent World
War, about 100000 children We're attending
school. Now about 100000 children are in
school.
By 1917, the preponderance of Filipinos in
their government was becoming marked In
that year there were less than 1,500 Americans
in the Philippine civil service, and well over
5000 Filipinos.
Where less than 2 per cent of the total popu-
latlon voted in the 1901 elections, by 1918 more
than per cent of the people were meeting
Hteracy requirements for voting eligibility.
The Tydings- s-McDufde Act of 1894 set up a
Commonwealth Government for the Philip
pines, giving the people much greater freedom
in determining the conduct of their own af-
fairs. In fact, it meant almost complete
autonomy except for foreign affairs, tariffs and
certain fiscal matters. This act also fixed 1916
as the date when the Philippines would become
completely independent.
BY 1910 the franchise was being exercised by
IA per cent of the total population. And today
1t Is estimated that at least 16 per cent Of the
population will be eligible to VOTE This pro-
gressive increase In the number Of eligible
voters reflects the growing appreciation of the
Filipinos of their rights as citizens and a con-
tlnued increase in the literacy of the inhabi-
tants. The progress has been phenomenal
when it is recalled that less than half century
ago there was very low rate Of literacy in
the Philippines and practically no self govern
ment.
Other nations will be watching these elec-
tions, for the United States set a world prece-
dent in Systematically preparing the Philippines
for independence and voluntarily granting
freedom.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
'Nominates' Byrd for President

To the Editor Of The Star:
If the bigwig Democrats really wanted to be
sure of winning the coming presidential elec-
ton, then they would nominate Senator Harry
Byrd of Virginia for that Office. There is no
one in politics today who commands the respect
and confidence of more people than does the
Virginia statesman.
But then the boys are not going to nominate
Senator Byrd for the presidency. They would
rather take the chance Of losing that high office
than to have someone elected whom they can
not twist around their fingers at will.
J. J. SPERRY.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1oriter, although it is permissible for
1Driter knoqon to The Star to use
non de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-11-11

"Those who know him best ridicule the
idea that De Gaulle is a potential man on
horseback we think we see their
point. His legs are longer than the horses.
Evening star., 1947-11-11

am sure, set a pattern and example which
the whole Nation could well afford to follow.
GEORGE H. MURRAY.
Evening star., 1947-11-11

those bases less .strategically important
than they were when acquired on the eve
of our entry into World War II. So the
matter will not be major diplomatic
issue.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
The Washington Pattern

To the Editor Of The Star:
I have read with interest the reactions of
the local public to the report of the presi-
Dental Committee on Civil Liberties including
the editorial comment of The Star Most Of
it inpresses me as being of the confession
and avoidance" type, i.e., admitting the truth
of the charges made by the committee and
seeking to avoid their implications by the
stereotyped pleas of locale custom and ira
dition, "the Washington pattern" nonresi-
dence, etc.
For myself, at this time, I find it impossible
to believe that Americanism is as dead in
the Nations Capital as some of the reactions
would imply. I rather suspect that it is
stif1ed, suppressed and intimidated through the
device of locale "the Washington pattern"
and other stock arguments. Once it found
free expression, rather believe 1t would re-
veal that Washington is not as provincial as
the exponents Of locale, or "the Washington
pattern" would have US accept.
Isuggest, therefore, that the citizens Of Wash
ington can Of their own volition implement
the civil liberties report through the device
of a concordat Under this technique repre-
sentatives of the groups of citizens who feel
that they have substantial grievances would
formulate those grievances and present them
to representative group of those persons
who they felt were collectively responsible
for their existence and seek to find areas of
agreement which would ameliorate these griev-
ances, or extinguish them altogether, both as
to cause and effect. After the representatives
had reached an accord, the accord should be
submitted to the whole population for ratiflca-
ton and approval.
A successful concordat In Washington would.
Evening star., 1947-11-11
No Afternoon Milk

To the Editor of The STAR
"Mommy's crying" tiny tot exclaimed this
morning when he came upon his mother
letting herself go after a very hard struggle
with the family budget The fact remained
that her little boy must 60 without his after
noon glass of milk and three eggs instead
of six week. GI subsistence just doesn't pay for
these expensive yet very essential foods. Yes
son, Monmys crying because she can't give
you milk at the present prices! MRS. E. e.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

Chicago Council of the CLIO Farm
Equipment Union:
"Such legislation would be a
body blow to all labor and the
civil rights of all people, and
would be direct step to the de-
struction of the trade unions.
1t would also have the same eff
feet as repeating the Wagner
Act, since corporations could
refuse to bargain with a union
simply by stating that there are
Communists in it. Any law that
states that Communists or any
other working man or woman
may not hold office in our own
union organization undermines
democratic rights"
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
Smoking EN- out
The MANS umbrella man can never
cover up for the profit system

among whom business finds a
market for its wares" And this
committee also said ''in SO far
as industry over a period of years
pays out less and less to that
overwhelming mass who purchase
the products which industry pro-
duces, industry automatically re-
stricts its own market" My en-
pbasiS)
THE market shrinks as produc-
ton expands. Joe works himself
out of a job. And pretty soon he
hasn't got an umbrella over his
head because he produced "too
many" umbrellas-for his boss to
sell at a profit.
THAT'S what happened in '2e;
that's what is happening today,
only the market today is
shrinking even faster because
of the price policies of Big Bust
ness.
Yes sir, the profit system is
hard one to cover up for. Just
ask the boys who write that stuff
for the NAM.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
Reo-1oitc.fs win
at Electromotive

The Rank and File Union
Builders" faction were the vic
tors in the balloting at the Elec-
tromotive plant last week, as the
union, Local 719 of the Go
United Auto Workers, named Of
ficers for the coming year.
The winning campaign, mark
ed by large-scale red-baiting
against the opposition slate,
brought margins to the winning
candidates varying from 30 to
over 400 votes in a total of some
2800 ballots cast.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

having left Hooverism in the
1905, would be a step backward.
eve therefore must work for
and reflect William H. Harvey
for Alderman of the Second Ward
and elect Martin II. Kennedy for
Mayor"
John F. Hackney was elected
Secretary of the Labor-P Progress
sives of the Second Ward, with
the support of members of the
following c. I. o. Unions: United
clearinghouse Workers; United
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

give Joe $l.25 an hour and sell
the two for $1.50, or 75c each.
Now capital has Csc to play with
and everybody is happy
That's what they say
BUT covering up for the profit
system is pretty hard job. You
cover up one weakness but expose
another.
Don't try to unscramble all the
double-talk they use to try to
prove their point about produc-
ton. Take the NAM at its own
word. Look at Joe's wages.
At first, he got a dollar to pro-
duce dollar umbrella: his wages
were 1907 of the output. Then
he makes two-and what hap
pens? Even though they give him
a raise, his wages are now 83qo
of his output. His buying power
has dropped about Csc.
JOE is supposed to represent
all the Joes. The NAM wants
all the workers, in all industries,
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
'Gropes ofWEoth'
shown i'm NofWoy

OSLO, Norway-(ALN-Nor-
lwegian movie houses will show
John Steinbeck's Grapes Of
Wrath" without any explanatory
note that the life of migratory
workers is not really as bad as
the picture says. When American
distributors insisted that such an
explanation be included, the Nor
wegian authorities baked and
said they wouldn't show tee pic
ture at all. The Americans have
now withdrawn their demand.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
Gen. Marshall
on democracy

ITO US a society is not
democracy if men who re-
spect the rights of their fell
low men are not free to ex-
press their own beliefs and
convictions without fear that
they may be snatched away
from their home or family"
From Secretary of State Mar
statement to the Council Of
Foreign Ministers on the democ-
ratization of Germany.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

Rev. Paul J. Folino. Rev. Horace
Gocdell. Rev. Wilfred Wakefield.
and Rev. Erwin A. Gaede. in be-
half of the Ministerial Action
Committee of The Protestant
"Protestants have always been
in the vanguard of those who
have struggled to maintain and
to extend basic American po-
litical and civic rights +. Any
legislative effort to outlaw the
civic and political rights of the
Communist party or any politi-
cal party in. America seriously
jeopardizes. our democracy and
threatens our basic heritage of
freedom"
Ira Latimer. executive director
Chicago Civil Liberties Commit
tee:
''You can't outlaw ideas.
Schwellenbach must have been
subject to terrific pressure from
business interests, such as the
U. S. Chamber of Commerce,
which had its effects. The pro-
posal is part of the 'red-scare'
hysteria being whipped up to
divide the liberal and prog
ressive leadership of those who
support the Roosevelt program.
The people can resist this hys-
terra by holding fast to this
program
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

to. constantly produce more every
hour.
And they're so anxious to drive
that point home that they forget
they have revealed one of the
basic sore spots of their system.
This is the same sore spot that
Roosevelt's committee of experts
put their finger on when they
studied Big Business: workers
as a class are the primary group
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
Edward Ahrens. Franklin Unto

Edward Ahrens. Franklin Union
No. 4, ALL:
'Mr. Schwellenbach m ght
have better directed his ener-
gies toward convincing Congress
to appropriate more money for
his Department of Labor so that
it could do better job than in
urging them TO outlaw anybody
or anything"
Dean Charles w. GilkeY. chair
man, Chicago Division, American
Civil Liberties Union:
"The act of destroying the
legality of the Communist Party
and their being prevented from
taking part in free American
elections would constitute a to-
talitarian act, leading to a stu
alton where the rights of all
other minority political parties
would be jeopardized and from
there the next step would clear
ly be the prevention and cur
tailment of the right Of all peo-
pie to speak"
Samuel I. Levin. president, Illi-
nois Industrial Union Council,
CLIO:
Anybody knows that move
ments cannot be legislated out
of existence. If any movement
is really dangerous in the first
place, it becomes more danger
out when put underground. It's
dangerous business to threaten
the beliefs of people, or to try
to tell them what they must
think
Irving Flamm. president, Chi
cago chapter, National Lawyers
Guild:
'It's very undemocratic
proposal. SchwellenDacn was
not very analytical when he
made thc statement, which does
not represent a sound judg-
ment."
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22
Teamsiers' union latest
labor detail victim

Members of the AFL Team
sters' Union were this week S
chief recipients of the Barnes
treatment at the Mall Tool Co.
The head OF the police labor
detail, Captain George Barnes
himself, and his boys broke the
IBT picket line in front of the
South Chicago Avenue plant to
escort seven non-strikers into
the building. One thousand
production workers at the plant
were not involved in the dis
pute.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-03-22

Brown, Chairman of the Labor
Progressives and leader of the
CIO clearinghouse Workers, de-
clared.
at is the main task of labor
and progressives to defeat the
Green-McCormick- dominated Re
publican Party and all of its can
didateS. The Green-McCormick
forces are speaheading the drive
against labor unionism.
j. #
THEY block the passing of an