davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-09-22
turope's Recovery Blueprint

The European conference on the Mar
shall plan has finished its labors with the
adoption of report for submission to our
Government. This is the response of the
sixteen nations of Western Europe to Sec
retary Marshalls suggestion that thev
confer together in order to block out their
ideas for European recovery.
The resulting conference, held at Paris,
has had significant evolution. To begin
with, Soviet Russia promptly declined to
have anything to do with 1t and compelled
Its satellites to abstain likewise-much to
the discontinue of some of them. Thus,
the conference boiled down to those ma
tions Of Europe west of the Iron curtain"
This, in itself, was grave handicap. be-
cause it perpetuated splitting of Europe
along lines that fly in the face of tradi-
tional economic patterns
The conferences early activities were
not marked by the realism called for by
the actual situation. Its experts made
estimates of Europe's needs during the next
four years to the tune of nearly $30,000.-
000,000 most of which was to be met by
the United States. Our diplomats were
quick to inform the conference that such
staggering sum ran small chance of
Endorsement by either Congress or Amer
lean public opinion, not only because of
its size but also because 1t seemed to be a
shopping list" rather than an earnest
attempt to couple requests for our aid
with measures of self-help on the part of
the Europeans themselves. This last aspect
had been emphasized by Secretary Mar
shall from the first as vital part of the
program he proposed.
AS result of these American warnings.
the experts successfully revised their fig-
ures downward in terms Of aggregate four
year deficits in the balance of trade. Those
deficits were split three ways: ID Between
Western Europe and the United States;
(2) with the rest of the Americas; (3)
with regard to possible financing of capital
equipment by the World Bank or other
agencies besides the United States Gov
ernment.
The rough deficit totals submitted are
approximately $4,000, 100000 for the
United States and $4,000, ,000,0 900 for the
rest of the Americas. The potential World
Bank or collateral agency financing is
estimated at trifle over 5000 ,000, ,0o0.
Furthermore, all these estimates are ng-
ured on descending scale over the four
year period. The trading deficit with the
Evening star., 1947-09-22

@. Can members Of Congress frank air mail
or send special delivery letters without cost7
F. B. w.
A. Each Senator is allowed $l05 year and
each Representative $75 year for air mail and
special delivery stamps.
@. Please tell the significance Of the emblem
on the white band of the flag Of the Dominion
of Hindu India B. D. I.
A. The flag, consisting of three horizontal
bands of saffron, white and green has on the
white band dark blue 24-spoke wheel, repre-
senting the wheel Of law Of the Emperor Asoka.
He was an anti-war Buddhist who ruled India.
from 264 to 228 or 227 BIC.
Q. Weren't national forests" at one time
known by some other name? p. L. A.
A. III 1907 the name forest reserves" was
changed to national forests" by act Of Con-
gress, to indicate that the resources of these
areas were not being kept for some future
time but were being utilized in accordance
with sound forestry practices and the needs
Of the people of the United States.
@. In what country was the banana first
found? r. B. N
A. Undoubtedly the banana Is Of Asiatic
origin-perhaps native to the Malay Penin-
sula, but early cultivated in India.
Q. How many varieties Of hunmingbirds are
are there? H. S. F..
A. There are 800 species of hummingbirds in
the world. but only 16 exist In North America
north of Mexico. The ruby -throated humming.
bird is the only one east OF the Mississippi
River.
@. What was the name Of the bridge where
the clash which started the war between China
and Japan occurred? L. K D.
A. The night clash between Japanese and
Chinese soldiers at Marco Polo Bridge Just
outside Peiping on July 7, 1887, started an
undeclared war which later developed into
Japanese campaign to set up a new economic
order in China.
Q. What King of France dreamed that the
golden toads on one of his standards had been
changed to lilies? F. B.
A. Clovis dreamed this before the battle Of
Tolbiac, In 1876.
@. Is tea drinking in the United States in.
creasing or decreasing? D. s. A.
A. The annual per capita amount OF tea
used in the United States in 1911 was 1.O4
pounds. In 1941 it was 10 pound. Since then
1t has averaged little over a half pound q
year. 1t should be borne in mind that the war
years are not a fair average, since the supply
was limited.
Evening star., 1947-09-22

puzzle d to
know how they
change styles
SO much over
there.
A French de-
signer tells us
tn q t tn e
C h a n &c in
styles will help
business. Then,
Evening star., 1947-09-22

Leon Trotsky probably was prejudiced
when he called Stain "the master of ig-
norance and disloyalty," but people who
have had experience with the Russian
dictator since 1880 are inclined to agree
with his bitterest critic in spirit.
Evening star., 1947-09-22

United States
citizenship be-
come citizens
OF this coun-
try. I married
q British girl
while on duty
in the United
Kingdom. After
filing an ap-
pncation an d
going through
Evening star., 1947-09-22
A Paradoxical Fashion Situation
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
When I read in every paper that the eco-
nomlc situation is so bad In Europe that a
special session of Congress may be called here,
in order to prevent a collapse there, I am
Evening star., 1947-09-22

with minimum wages During the past
session the bills died in committee. Sen
ator Taft's active espousal OF this legisla-
ton should help to get 1t started on the
way to passage at the next session.
Evening star., 1947-09-22

What is happening in England is that
the Socialists are using up all that remains
Of the savings OF wicked capitalists OF
bygone ages.
Evening star., 1947-09-22

Note: Commissioner of Immisration
To the Editor Of The Star:
Being native of the District Of Columbia,
this Is the only way I have Of speaking out.
"a like to register a complaint about the
whole setup under which the applicants for
Evening star., 1947-09-22
j. Letters to The Star n

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
1Driter, although 1t is permissible for
toriter kno,on to The Star to use q
non, de plume Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-09-22
Sick Leave for Arlington Teachers

To the Editor Of The Star:
Report of the first fall meeting of the Greater
Arlington Association states that Ralph GUM
ther, a member of the Washington-Lee High
School faculty, spoke in opposition to the pro-
posal of the citizens convention school board
nominees to establish policy of sick leave for
teachers and eliminate the present penalties
for temporary absence due to illness Mr.
Guinther Is reported to have stated that
teachers are satisfied and prefer the present
system.
In order that Arlington's citizens may ac-
curately eyaluate both Mr.. Guinther's state
ment and the present system, I think that
they should know that the system which Mr..
Guinther defends does not provide sick leave in
any sense but consists Of requiring teachers to
contribute seven dollars for each day of absence
to q so-called teachers fund In return for
this contribution" substitute teacher Is
supposed to be provided. However, in numer-
ols instances, no substitute teacher Is pro-
Hded Instead, the regular teachers are re-
quired to give up their free periods to take
over such classes without additional compensa-
ton. The only use to which the teachers fund"
has been put to date is to furnish the teachers
restrooms.
This system has two indefensible evils. One
is the inherent viciousness Of q system which
requires teachers to kick back part OF their
salaries for the purchase of school furnishings.
The other is that teachers are penalized finan-
cialy for unavoidable absence caused by ILL
ness or injury. Practically every public en-
ployment system in the country provides sick
leave without loss of pay for its empolyes. How,
then, can Arlingtons present system be de-
scribed as zone of the best in the country?"
w. STANLEY CLABAUGH.
LOYALTY Order and Our Government
To the Editor of The Star:
You refer in your editorial Of September 16,
to q statement I made to the effect that the
Presidents loyalty order "is the greatest threat
to constitutional government that the people
of this country have faced since the Alien and
Sedition Act Of 1798." You characterize this
statement as extreme"
should like to point out that the parallel
between the witch hunt now being unleased
by the loyalty order and the experience under
the Alien and Sedition Act has been pointed
out by several of the large number of distin-
guished Americans who have opposed the order.
statement by the American Deputy Chief
Counsel at Nuremberg, A. L. Pomerantz, who
was senior trial counsel In all Naz industrialist
cases. was published in the New York Times
about q month after the executive order was
originally issued. Mr. Pomerantz said, In my
judgment. the executive order is, both sub
stantively and procedurally, the most Nad-
like and terrifying law since the Alien and
sedition Acts. It should be repealed In toto.
Evening star., 1947-09-22
Questions and Answers,

reader can get the answer to any question Of
fact by writing The Evening Star Information
Bureau, 3l6 Eye street NE. Washington 2, D. o.
Please tnclose cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1947-09-22
Old Church in q Growing Town

Old Church IN Growing Town
To the Editor of The Star
Falls Church Is much in the news nowadays
Most recent is the effort of some of the Old
Falls Church members and their sympathizers
to prevent the construction of filling station
on the property OF one Of the old colored resi-
dents of the town.
All the land surrounding the several acres Of
church ground Is zoned for business. Across
the street In front of the church are all sorts
OF businesses ranging from secondhand stores
to ofnces, eating houses and beauty parlors. To
the north Of the church are the town bank q
filling station, stores and business offices. To
permit the church to limit the opportunity of
the owner Of this tract to the type Of business
desirable by some Of the church people and
the OAR would be travesty on the rights
of property and people that the OAR says
1t seeks to defend.
The owner says that she would build station
that would be esthetically in keeping with the
nearness Of the church, and further that since
the church services are usually held only once
a week on Sunday morning, she would be
willing to keep the station closed during the
hours of worship. In addition, she would con-
sent to picket fence If the church people, q
hundred feet away, found the design of the
station Objectionable.
Unfortunately in the fight to prevent erection,
subterfuges have been resorted to, such as in
dicating q trafic hazard. Yet there is 10 greater
trafac hazard than during the time Of church
services when thousands of cars on Sunday are
making their way over the Lee highway on
which the church borders. Both the county and
State highway officials see no unusual traffic
hazard, especially when the only traffic light
in the town slows up traffic in both directions
The zoning commission has approved the re-
quest; the town council has approved the de-
sign for permit. Several of the church men,
bers have written and indicated that they do
not object and see no good reason why the
business would deter from the sacredness and
historic significance of the church. The prop
erty in question is q good $50 to 200 feet from
the church building. After all, Falls Church is
growing up and church historically set In the
middle Of q business area would not be more
an1iss than the business near the Little Church
CITIZEN AND TAXPAYER.
Evening star., 1947-09-22

intensive study, the applicant is requested to
appear at the offices of the Bureau of Immi-
grafton and Naturalization, 939 street NV,
on certain date at certain time Arriving in
the building the applicant walks into one of
the dirtiest, most drab and barren rooms
imaginable. After waiting around for about
half an hour beyond the appointed time,
the applicants name is beloved out from
across the room and she is told curtly: Come
IN here and sit down."
Then she may be interviewed by one of the
most callous, Indifferent and studiously rude in
dividuals that have ever had the misfortune
to encounter If the applicant is anything like
my wife. she Is 50 terrified, at this point she
can hardly remember her own name much less
answer any questions intelligently. The two
necessary supporting witnesses may not sit with
the applicant at this time. After the applicants
interview is completed, they are called in and
given the same discourteous treatment. No
amenities, such as: Good afternoon, sir. Won't
you have seat? My name Is so and So May
I ask you few questions in connection with
this application OF Mrs. So and SOP" No. just
one question after another barked at you
Following this, the applicant is informed that
dt is necessary for her to go all the way over
to the Office Of the naturalization clerk in the
SAAAsSN SS"oSS A/Aoe11St Sou4t W dlSWcT more
questions and sign more papers and then she
must return to 939 D street NV. again OF all
the inane, stupid procedures!. At the office
Of the naturalization clerk, the applicant gets
courteous and efficient help from Mrs Helen
Nelson. She is a real credit to the bureau
Then back the applicant must trudge to the
drab, dirty Offices Of the bureau again for the
written examination:
Why can't something be done about the
condition Of these ofhces to which the eager
and hopeful immigrants come for naturaliza-
tion as United States citizens? What an i'm
preston 1t must make on them! And why
doesn't the Bureau OF immigration and
Naturalization do something about the per-
sonnel who greet and process the applicants
as they come through the offices? These petty
bureaucrats have no business in such position.
And why can't the procedure for filling in all
the forms and taking ali the oaths and
examinations be done in one place and at one
time? At the very least, the written examina-
ton could be given at the same time as the
interview, so that II it is necessary for the
applicant to go over to the United States Dis
trict Court for the next STEP it is not necessary
to return to 939 D street.
Let's hope Watson B. Miller, the new COM
missioner Of immigration and naturalization,
will see ft to remedy this situation.
ENOCH D. CHASE.
Evening star., 1947-09-22
BY THE HAsK1N SERVICE.

Q. Can members Of Congress frank air mail
or send special delivery letters without cost7
F. B. w.
A. Each Senator is allowed $105 year and
each Representative $75 year for air mail and
special delivery stamps.
Evening star., 1947-01-19

But suppose she never liked it?
Where's the great job | was going
to get?
How about the half year was
out of work, looking around for
the right" job?
We used up all the money she'd
saved during the war. Now now
IT'S the $50 month we get while
I'm going to school. She thought
the school idea was swell - but
how does anyone ever know what's
deep inside another persons mind?
HERE'S the car we talked 50 m uch
about, the trip to California? You
don't do that on $50 a month, you
don't DO much of anything. All the
things she's had to do without -
a new coat, clothes, fancy hair-dos,
scrlmping on this and that; and of
course she isn't the type to whine
or complain.
Damn, sure was bad bargain
tor her! And all the time l thought
we were happy. 3.
He started walking nervously up
and down the room again. I've been
a fool! he thought. Judged every
thing by the way felt. She was
making good money in that war
plant before she married me, had
about everything she wanted. Okay
Evening star., 1947-01-19

streamed down his face as he said,
Gee, don't talk, you're not sup
posed to. Honey, you have to get
we'll - you just have to!"
She smiled, the color of life creep
ing back into her face. The doctor
came rushing in; said with profess
sional cheerfulness, well now,
young lady, this is better - much
better!'
HE PUT a hand on Bills shoulder.
And you'll have to leave now
no excitement for her."
Sure, sure" Bill said, getting to
his feet. He ran a big hand over his
face. Gee, I'm crying like a DOPE"
The doctor motioned toward the
door.
Bill opened it. "Ill be outside,
honey" he said.
She was still smiling - then sud-
denly, she winked at him!
Bill found himself laughing. That
wink had told him more than any
words could that she was going to
get we'll, that she wanted to get
back to their life as much as he
wanted her to.
He closed the door. when a
guys nervous. he can sure get some
silly ideas," he said aloud, talking
to nobody but himself. The End
Evening star., 1947-01-19
THE CRISIS
Continued from preceding page

+
did the doc say - "the will to liye2"
Sure, she was always 50 gay, full of
life and laughter. She always
He stopped suddenly, stared at
her with large frightened eyes,
What if she didn't want to live?
The thought hit him like a smack
on the jaw. Sure, I've been happy
but how do l know she has? Being
together has been a big deal for me-
but what has it really been like
for her? All that big-time talk l
gave her when l was in the Army
my letters from overseas. Where's
the house we dreamt about, with
the little backyard garden, the
cute curtains in the windows, the
rock walk leading to the door?
Some dream! We're lucky to rent
the couple of furnished rooms we
have, lucky to have even the
broken-down furniture.
HE THOUGHT back over the years
they had been married. | don't
know, T'pe certainly been happy,
he told himself. Of course it hasn't
been exactly what we planned, but
we seemed to be having fun. .
Evening star., 1947-01-19

the pale face. He grabbed the buz-
zer, pressed it frantically as he bent
over her, whispering, Darling, dar-
ling, are you okay2" Suddenly he
was on his knees beside the bed,
crying.
She said, BILLY" IS said it so
family he almost didn't hear. Tears
Evening star., 1947-01-19

loving her, being near her has
been all l wanted but was that
enough for her? And if she's un-
happy, why should she want to live?
She's sick, she can bow out when
and if
He glanced at the bed. Her eyes
were open, faint smile rested on
Evening star., 1947-01-19

Ri"se's sespy-r'eh suds float the dirt right out.
Your whites come out sparkling, snowy,
Knso White. And your gay washable colors
stay bright as new. Remember, Rinso is
made of scarce materials don't waste it.
Evening star., 1947-01-19

Bring o" your big washes table linens, shirts,
dresses, towels, even extra-dirty work clothes
and play clothes. Rnso's soapy rich suds
drive deep down and get out that stubborn
dirt fast easy safe!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-06-08
u. S. Eoreian Aid Tops 20 Billion in Two Year:

HAI11-Cultural ana tecnIlCd
projects. $4,000.
HOND URA S-Inter-American
highway expenditures, $354,5oo; Gull
tural and technical projects, 500 900
Naval base, Puerto Castillo, turned
over with Americana built installa-
tons.
MEXICO-Export Import Bank
credits total ss7 100000, including
$50 ,0O0,0 900 authorized during recent
visit of President Aleman, which
also resulted in $5o,o00.000 currency
sterilization agreement. More than
S574, 900 spent on cultural and tech
nical projects.
Other Outlays
NICARAGUA Inter American
highway and Rama road expendi-
lures, s1,25o,0oo; cultural and tech
meal projects, $4,000.
PANAMA-Inter-A American high
way expenditures, $4,000; cultural
and technical projects. $4,000
Ninety-eight defense sites returned
to Panama.
PARAGUAY-Cultural and tech
nical projects, $4,000.
PERU-Export- Import Bank loan
$3.50 goo; cultural and technical
projects, s47o, oo0 Airbase at Talara
costing s2,ooo.oo0 turned over to
Peru.
URUG UAY-Surpius property
credit, s666,666; cultural and tech
nical projects, s67,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and tech
nical projects, $4,000
The United States also is con-
tributing to cooperative health and
sanitation projects in many Latin
American countries on long-term
basis, with figures on expenditures
not broken down for (e two-yea,
period covered In this nlrvey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-06-08

: UNITED States would reach its
population peak by 1885 but now the
forecasted peak is 1890 with
gradual decline setting in then.
The peak is now calculated at
1854 ,585 600, against this years esti-
mated 142,186,00o. The peak repre-
sents an expected increase of about
Is per cent in the so years after
1910. In the so years before 1910
the increase was more than 100 per
cent.
Soviet Reproducing
Primarily responsible for this
leveling off of our population is the
! limitation of families to a smaller
average size and immigration re-
strictionS which have all but cut
off any gain in population from that
source since the 1920s.
Every country in Western Europe,
except Ireland and the Netherlands,
was at or near the replacement level
of population before the war. The
war has introduced many new fac
tors into population forecasts which
have not been fully evaluated, but
this much appears to be true: OF
the prewar major powers only Rus
STA is maintaining net reproduc-
ton rate, or vital balance" well in
excess OF the replacement level.
No Need for Gloom
Enough has been set out here to
demonstrate that population trends
have changed to an extent which
will have tremendous bearing on
our national development. But
demographers see no need for
gloom in this situation.
"Our strength" as Dr. Notestein
has put it, has never rested pri-
marily on numbers" Even when
we were at the period Of our most
vigorous growth we were, in num-
bers, as now, the third ranking ma
ton. India, China and Russia
always have had population poten-
tials greatly in excess OF ours.
! Not Due for Extinction
| j. C. Capt, director Of the Cen
sus Bureau, finds satisfaction in
the circumstance that as the rate
Of growth of our population has
Ileveled off, its quality has increased
Our people are better educated and
better physical specimens than ever
before.
And We are not headed for ex-
tinction in the foreseeable future
After our population reaches its
Expected peak of 1854 ,585 900 In 1885,
the decline forecast for the fol-
lowing decade is only about a mil
lion. BY that time no one will be
surprised, least of all a demog.
Irapher, if conditions have changed
so as to render invalid all of today's
predictions.
printed by special arrangement with tn
St Louis Post -Dispatch.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-06-08

; SIS 900 900 credit for purchase OF
ships. Educational aid amounts to
sos 900.
YEMEN-s1, 100000 surplus prop
erty credit.
CHINA - Export Import Bank
credits total s82,793,750 SO far
Lend lease aid after VI day
amounted to about 100000, 900
Surplus property costing originally
about 5000, 100000 sold to China for
$40 ,000, 900, under complicated pay
ment formula. Big beneficiary
under UNRRA. To share in new
$3.50 900, 900 relief program.
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC - Spe-
cial aid authorized by Congress
amounts to $685. ,00o,O 900, including
s4Oo, 100000 to pay private war
damage claims.
AUSTRIA-War Department has
shipped about $50, 1000, 900 worth OF
civilian supplies to Austria. Export
Import Bank granted 100000
loan. Surplus property credits
amount to 100000. Benefited
also from UNRRA.
GERMANY - War Department
has furnished more than s4o0, 900,
900 worth of civilian supplies.
HUNGARY i Has used half OF
$30,000,000 surplus property credit;
remainder suspended last week fol-
lowing pro-Communist government
changes. Fate of $1,000 900 Export
Import Bank credit uncertain
Benefited from UNRRA.
JAPAN War Department has
provided s2s7 100000 worth OF
civilian supplies.
KOREA-More than s37 ,000, 900 in
civilian supplies shipped by War
Department through March. Army
is handling $25 1000 900 surplus prop
erty credit. Benefited from q IRA