davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-08-01
FBI Investigating Georgia
Massacre of Prisoners

WASHINGTON, D. c., July 81,
(NNPA)-The Justice Department
said last Tuesday that the mass
killing Of eight prisoners and the
wounding Of Ave others at a Glynn
county prison camp, near Bruins
wick, Ca, July IL, is under "ac-
tive consideration" by the Depart
ment.
This was the only comment the
Justice Department would make
but sources within the agency gave
broad hints that the Department
has made considerable Roadway in
investigating the massacre.
A Superior Court grand jury,
convened in Brunswick, found that
Warden H. G. Worthy and his
guards were justified in their &c.
ton.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-08-01
George Jones Found
Dead; Minneapolis
Resident for IL Years

George Jones, 1915 Washington
Ave. s., was found dead in his room,
Thursday, July "a. Mr.. Jones had
been in poor health for several
months. He had been a resident Of
Minneapolis for IL years.
Funeral services were held Sat
urday, July 20, at Woodland Funeral
Home chapel. Rev. H. C. Boyd Of
fciated.
Survivors include four nephews,
Rev. Henderson Reddick, William
Reddick, Claude Reddick, and Har-
vey Witherspoon, all Of Mime
apolis. A niece, Mrs. Berrylee
Tomlin, Of FL Dorado, Kan, two
sisters-in-law, Mesdames J. A,
Jones, Sulfa Springs, Texas, Jane
Jones, FL Dorado, Kan, and Pearl
Jones, Phoenix, Ariz., and other
relatives and friends.
Interment was at Crystal Lake
cemetery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-08-01

over segregation Of soldier dead
buried in Fort Smelling National
cemetery.
Claims Leslie Lawrence SabOtaged
Resolution
The first hint that all was not
harmonious in the group came at
a meeting held two weeks ago in
Johnny Baker Post club rooms. At
this meeting, Sam Reed, Rdjutant
Of Attacks Brooks Post acting as
representative Of that organiza-
ton, disrupted the meeting by &C
cusing Representatives of Leslie
Lawrence post Of helping kill a
resolution presented by Attacks
Brooks delegates at the district
convention last June.
Following a two hour and thirty
minute wrangle peace makers re-
quested that all Representatives 60
back to their various organizations
and endeavor to have their posts
pledge cooperation until the Ma
tional Guard and National cemetery
issues were settled.
At a meeting held at the Sterling
club, st. Paul, Sunday, July 81,
IL was announced that Attucks-
Brooks post would affiliate only
until the National Guard issue was
settled, but would have no further
connection with the committee.
When asked for a statement by
representatives Of this publication,
George Mann, publicity chairman,
acting as spokesman for the group,
stated that II was felt by the mem
bership Of his post, that there was
no need for united action by var
ious veterans groups at this time.
Stephen Maxwell who acted as
spokesman for the committee at
the time II held a conference with
Governor Youngdahl, and a men,
Der Of Attucks-B Brooks post, stated
that he was in hearty accord with
the program sponsored by the Vol
unteer committee, and expected TO
render every assistance to the
cause as an individual, nOtwith-
standing the peculiar position Gre
ated for him by Attucks- Brooks
posts decision.
Andrew Hartshorn, other mem
Der Of Attucks-Brooks post, who
was active on the National Guard
committee, and who contributed
quite a bit Of assistance during its
formative period, also expressed
himself as in accord with the COM
mittee's efforts.
Meanwhile resolutions are being
prepared by members Of the four
organizations remaining in the
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-08-01

Milk is one Of the oldest known
foods. Records exist Of cows being
MIXED In 5000 B. c. The Bible con-
tains many references to milk, one
Of the best remembered from Exc.
duS S:B-''milk and honey" San
skirt writings 5000 years old tell
how milk Is one Of the most essen
tiAl Of all foods. Hippocrates recon-
mended milk as q medicine ave
centuries before Christ In Ur Of the
Chaldees a frieze depicts q dairy
scene In $500 B. C. showing milk con-
tAinerS and strRinerS,
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-08-01

to visit her parents and to be with
her daughter, Donna Jean, on her
birthday, July %. Donna Jean is
at her grandparents home here,
Mr.. and Mrs. H. E. chatham, 6O6
f. 18th st.
Mrs. Belle Hyatt, l5l4 North
9Th Ave. E., entertained recently
at a card party for her brother-in-
law, Mr.. VIM. Maxwell, of Toledo,
Ohio. Those present were Mr.. and
Mrs. W. B. Richardson, Mr.. d. B.
Wilson Of Adrian, Mich, brother
Of Mrs. Richardson, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Adams, and Mines. Leona
Kelley, Anna Winfield, Sidonia
Black, Ann Albright, Zillah Waters
and Mr.. W. F. Maupins.
Social Nine Club held n picnic at
Baby Grand Lake Sunday, July 27.
Those present were Messrs. and
Mines. George Dozier, and Mrs.
Omega Harp of Philadelphia, Doz-
ier's house guest, George Adams,
Aaron Brown, Frank Franklin, W.
r. Richardson, Carl Robinson, W.
F. Maupins, Jr., w. o. Rodney, Ed
Nichols; Mines. Sidonia Black, Ze-
nobia Miller, Zillah Waters and
Mr.. D. B. Wilson, house-guest Of
the Richardson's.
Mrs. Omega Harp of Philadel-
phia, is visiting at the home Of
her girlhood friend and her hus-
band, Mr.. and Mrs. C. W. Dozier,
1871 South 10th Ave. f. The visitor
will be here about two weeks.
st. Marks A.M.E. Church: Rev.
Joseph Jackson spoke last Sunday
morning. His subject was THE
Tree and Its Fruit" He took his
text from Luke Gas.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
. MINNEAPOLIS .

BREAKFAST MrN. W. Il Gray, 19o
T. S7th 81. entertained at break.
fast, Sept, II In honor Of Miss Mat.
tie Brown Of New York City, Other
people present were Mines. Gladys
Johnson. LeotA Perkins, Clara Ma.
Pus, waHlss WerS served.
Mr.. and Mrs. William TuFRb0aEh
Of s2ol 9Th Ave, s. Mr.. and Mrs,
l., Stewart, Mrs, Cleo Mayors,
aud Mr., Carter Cornclious mo-
torrd up to opal'S Place 20 cele.
brAtS Mrs, NrnboughS birthday,
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Jackson. go
Bryant Ave. NJ. entertained Mr..
and Mrs, L. Stewart, Mira, Vera
Richardson. and Mr., Carter Cor.
neliouu Of Chicago At breakfast,
Wednesday, Sept ~,
Mrs. blanche Cooper, Tos Ssy.
enth 81, A.. had ~ her houspEucst
from Sept, I 20 Sept ., Mrp. Oscar
Brown u Dayton, Ohio. Mrs,
brown came for the wedding u
her son. Pvt, Oscar Brown Jr,, 20
Audre King Sept 7,
Mrs. BFS~R lsf' On the 9th and
the nsWly.wrdA left tho 10th 81
this month. Mrs, Brown viii 1.-Two
In Dayton until her son can obtain
an apartment In Washington, u, q,
The newly-weda and tho best
man were entertained AZ a dinner
narLY Sept. 9th hY Mr.. CoNner.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19

lsadoTe Harmon. brother ,in.law u
the bride, served as the only
groomsman. The double ring SerV.
Ice was read by Rev, Donald II.
foldcn, pastor.
A reception was held for the
couple At the home II the brides
sister in Waterloo. A thrcc-t TERED
wedding cake u white trimmed
with pink roses conferred the re-
ception table
Attending the reception were
Mr.. and Mrs. l., II. Franklin. Mas
Luana Jean Franklin, Mrs, OEella
G, Nolen. Mr., and Mrs. Willie Rob
inson. Mrs. JuanitA Theroit II,
Miss Josie Harmon. Mr. Arthur
Holloway. Mrs. Callie Harmon, and
Mr.. and Mrs. Morio Page.
On Monday evening the newly.
weeds were the guests Of the l., II
FrankIins, Waterloo, at n formal
dinner Those present were the
newly wcds, Mr.. and Mrs, iuadore
Harmon, Mas Luana J Franklin,
and Mrs. o, c, Nolan.
Mr. and Mrs. Ward remained In
Waterloo for y few days. They
then motored 10 Minneapolis whore
they will be at home at 3737 Fourth
Ave. s.
FLOOR SANDING -- Reasonable.
spare room or hail. ALdrich 1862
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19

Saturday evening at 7:30 p. m,
at the parsonage 81 the Payne
A.M,E. church In Waterloo. Iowa,
was the time and place chosen by
Miss Emmie Jean Burton for her
marriage 20 Mr.. James W. Ward.
Of Minneapolis.
Miss Burton chose cream white
wool crepe suit, white hat, and
black accessories for the occasion.
She wore a CorsaRC Of white Rladi.
olas and American Beauty roses.
She was attended by her sister.
Mrs. Louise Harmon. who wore \
brown suit accented with an ashes
Of roses blouse and n cOrsaRe ~
pink roses and purple aEters. Mr..
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
By BEN PERRY

United Negro veterans present
ing = solid front in the fight on
racial discrimination In national
cemeteries, have concentrated their
efforts to bring an abrupt end to
the practice with the arrival Of a
consignment Of bodies of soldier
dead from overseas, expected in
the next few days.
Following the action Of the Min
nesota department Of the American
Legion at the recent convention
held in Faribault, when the OrRani-
ration unanimously went on record
against carrying race hate beyond
the grave.
The Minnesota Veterans Of For
eign Wars have also taken a sim
liar stand. Following q series Of
letters exchanged between the
Federal department in charge Of
national cemeteries, and J. W. Lee,
commander, Leslie Lawrence post,
American Legion, it was admitted
by those in authority, that there
was no law, or directive governing
the practice of racial discrimina-
ton.
Copies Of the resolution adopt
ed by veterans organizations pro-
testing the anti-raeiAl attitude
have been sent 20 every Senator
and Congressman in the state Of
Minnesota. with the request that
the apparent wishes Of the or
gaRiEatiOns involved be respect
ed.
On being appraised Of the fact
that the national convention of
the American Legion in New York
had failed to endorse the action
Of the state Of Minnesota. the
group forwarded new resolutions
or letters TO the various Senators
and Representatives, urging that
an issue be made Of discrimination
against returned bodies Of over
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
Wheatley House
To Open New
Season Oct. 6

The stan Of the Phyllis wheatlsy
House. which last year served APP
proXimatsly 100 persons u day,
plans a formal opening 81 the new
season for Monday. Oct. &. A. that
time most q the activities will be
under way. and the opening will
feature tours and exhibits,
Activities At the House fall into
three ETOups--clAsSeS, clubs and
teams
This year there will he
classes In piaRs under MTL
EsihsT Reach and Me-. Waiter
DARisls, iRstTumsAtal IRstFUc.
tiSN under Mr.. Prank LeNla.
and classes In drum and bUGls
plAyiRg.
In addition. there will he work
In dramAtics for both adults and
teen. ayers, craft shop work,
modern dance, tap dancing, and
cooking, u there In enough de.
mAnd. Henry Thomas. head real
dent. said instructors will bc found
for additional classes II ten OF more
persons ASK for them.
Clubs are both 60 educational and
separate, and for teen ayers a.
well as for younger childrcn. Any
group, Thomas said, with u com,
mon interest, may form q club
and the House will provide super
vision and facilities. The photo
graphic club, Thomas said. has u
completely equipped darn room,
Teams for this fall aud WiRisT
viii include football. basketball.
boxing and weight .liftinK, There
will be basketball and Vallry.
ball teams for girls,
The House will enter one foo,
hall team ~ the Minneapolis Sch
lot Park Board League.
The club also serves ApproSi.
mately ~ outside groups. These
groups such rs fratcTnal orders,
clubs, and the NAACr-r rent tho
building for meetings and parties
Mr.. and Mrs, Allie LOScjoy. III
Seventh st, n, entertained at a
dinner party In honor 81 Mr.. Love,
joys uncle. Sept. 10.
Mr.. Ellsworth IIsll. Of Chicago
spcnt two weeks In the city ~ the
houseRuest Of Mr. and Mrs, Harry
Neal. 100 HyISnd Ave. N, Mr., Bell
II employed ~ u postal clerk In
Chicago.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
Oden Mokes Perfect
Score in Fl. Benning
Physical Fitness Test

Chester W. Oden Jr.. son Of MIR.
Chester W. Oden Sr., sbs lglehRrt,
and Mrs. Juanita Oden Of Mime
apolis, has become the first man
in the history Of airbOrne training
to complete the physical fitness test
with a perfect score of 500 points,
according TO word received from
Fort Benning, Georgia,
Standing an even six feet in
height, Oden weighs ls9 pounds.
In the test that is required Of all
aspirants TO the pRratrOoPers. a
man must do 81 push-ups, rs squat
jumps, 20 pull-ups and 70 sit-ups
in a given time. lie must also run
30O-yard shuttle course in ~
seconds in order TO score a perfect
mark.
Oden met all these requirements
in scoring the perfect 500.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
United Veterans Groups
Press for End of War
Dept Cemetery Jim Crow

seas dead, with q view Of clarifying
the War Department stand on the
matter.
According 10 persons connected
with senator EdNa ard Thye's 81.
zee. the senator. who could not
BE- reached, has already made
representation 10 the War do
PaTtmeRt on the issue.
Meanwhile the united group Of
veterans are exploring possible
avenues to get fullest American
Legion support behind FEPC lsgis-
lation at the next session Of the
Legislature following the favorable
stand taken by the FaTibAult con-
yention.
Aware that the most vigorous
opposition to FEPC developed in
rural districts, plans are being
made for q steady campaign 20
secure rural support for the legis-
lation, at the 1913 Legislative SEES
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
. MINNEAPOLIS .

Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Chapman.
Boston, Mass, are spending several
days Rs the guests II Mrs, Chap
mans brother and sister In Law,
Mr.. and Mrs, James W. Fraction,
1929 Clinton Ave. The ChapmAns
are returning from a trip TO Cali.
fOTniA.
Mrs. ErSA u. brown. Kansas
City, Kansas, is the houSeguest Of
Mr.. and Mrs, J. X, Murray, S9l6
Third Ave. S.
The Friendly I6" club will meet
Saturday evening, Sept 20, at the
home Of Mr.. and Mrs. James Bobo,
9S Highland.
Mrs. Anna Mae Barnard. 364I
Clinton Ave. 8, spent the weekend
In Dies Moines, where she attended
the Northwest District A.M.E, con.
ference.
She was the guest of her cousins.
Mr. and Mrs, Wheeler Kemp, while
In the city.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1947-09-19
Sanity City
lettings
By GEORGIA RUSSELL

Ideals are like stars; you
will not succeed in touching
them with your hands, but like
the sea.fArinR man on the des-
ert Of waters, you choose them
as your guides and following
them, you reach your destiny.
Carl SehurtI.
Two prominent business men
around town, Harold Brown and
Booker T. Ellis are sponsoring q
series Of afternoon skating par.
ties at the Coliseum at Lexington
and University, beginning Sept.
20. This 10 the first time in years
that such q party was held for ard
sponsored by our people.
Because Of some destruction by
roWdies u couple Of years ago,
skating parties were discontinued.
Let's all 90 out and support this
rSereHtionAl advantage TO the ut.
most In an intelligent, civilized
way.
While on the subject Of business
men, Al Burts, whom | mentioned a
couple Of weeks ago, is working
hard and steady to make his shoe
shine and magazine shop a success.
It's located on Robert St, between
Fifth and Sixth.
Well. this ole town has been Kind
Of quiet except for good ole 7. !.
which was jumping Sunday night.
Nelson Mccoy and Earl Weber
were there walking on clouds. Also
Charles Brown, who from now on
will he called "Creeper Brown" q
mean really, Carl Patterson.
Ernie johnson, Dean Speese, Ar.
Ieen Brown, Eloise Vassar. Edity
&C. b. Price, Evelyn Lewis. Footy
Hughes, Doc" Reuben Neal. Con-
CALCULATIONS to the former Eva
Scroggins. who celebrated her
wedding TO Darrell Day at the
Treasure Inn. same night--a
couple Of the hridesma were
Donna Williams, Pauline Douglas.
The bride wore lovely white
satin gown and queen-crown halo
lace wells. The bridal party looked
as though they had really enjoyed
themselves.
Speaking Of marriages beaute.
Gus Leona McNeal and MIbs Brown
plan 20 say II do" this Friday
Come rain or shine. ConFratula-
tionsl
The Halle q. Brown football
team managed to scrimmaRe the
Phyllis Wheatley team. Some Of
the boys on the team are: Frank
Schine, Edgar Pillow, Ernest John.
son, Lloyd Gambol and Kenneth
Jones. tls there any wonder they
win?l
The mems bowling league starts
Friday at Robert Street alley.
Ralph Graham bowled 1862. while
his brother, Bob, scored 100. Edgar
was unable 20 play because Of an
injured ankle.
Very sorry TO hear that Phillip
Archer is III and in the Veterans
hospital. We're all plugging for
him and hope he gets well real
soon. Also hope that Jack Shannon
improves and will he home real
soon.
I'll close now with u proverb-
The tongue Is not steel, but II often
cuts. Bye NOwl
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
PORTAL L-T0-pORTAL PAY CLAIMS NOT TO. BE FILED BY A.F. OFl.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 14.-Fifteen large AFL unions announced today they would not join in the parade of lawsuits for retroactive portal to-portal pay.
 At the same time, high AFL official said the national organiza- ton would issue within a few days a statement to express our feel ing that the definition of the num- Der of hours worked belongs at the bargaining table, not in the courts.
 He said the bulk of the pending portal pay claims, which have pass ed the s4,Ooo 900, GOO mark, had been filed by CIO and independent un- ions.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
VEGETABLES GET
 BREAKS HERE AT
 CALIFORNIA NOW

A large new vegetable display case, of a type that has proved eminently satisfactory in use is now enhancing the appeal of the fresh produce being shown by the Cali fornia Grocery and market here.
 The refrigerated case was receiv- ed last week and installation was completed this weekend, just in time to receive the large ship ment of produce the store received the first of this week All products displayed in the case are fully open to inspection by the buyer, yet are held at the correct temperature for best preserving them, it is pointed out by Nick J. Bavard, owner and operator of the store.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
ROTARY WELCOMES
 GEORGE SCHMIDT
 BACK INTO FOLD
Examination for Members Five High School
 Girls VoCalize

Rotary Club met this noon in the Gold Room of the Baranot, and welcomed back George Schmidt song leader, who has hsen on a trip to the States.
 Hank Halmo1 High School prin- cipal, produced an examination for the members to work on while they dined. He explained that since High School students we're deep in ex- aminaticns this week, the Rotanans should have their knowledge tested too.
 The examination consisted of a numbered list of characteristics which were supposed to be matched with the name of a Rotarian. At the close oi the meeting the exam sheets were collected, to. be graded before next weeks meeting.
 After a short business session, President Edward keithahn turned the meeting over 10 Program Chair man Harmon, who introduced five High School girl vocalists. They were Bunnie Milligan, Mary Avoian, Marilyn levitt, Jeanne Novel; and accompanist Lillian Maurstad
 The girls sang five numbers: Rotary Route Number 66," There's No You" Linda" Shine on, Harvest Moon";;' and then led the club members in "Vivc Le Ro- tary."
 Bets were made by members on the total value of the money taken from the wishing well at Darnell's Sport Center George Schmidt came closest to the total, which was S45.67 The money will go to the Memorial Library fund.
 Guests at today's meeting were Jack Conway, Rotarian from Sitka, and Gsorge M. Gasser from Fair banks.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
TILT
 TONIGHT BETWEEN
 J-HIGH, DARNELL'S

Two leading basketball teams in the Juneau City League will clash tonight in the Juneau High school gym at 7:30 o'clock. Darnell's will meet with the once-beaten Juneau High Crimson Bears in a game that promises to have plenty thrills.
 Second game ol the evening will be bstween the ACS and PAA. To- nights games are the first in a four might series of doubleheader programs which will run the re- mainder of the week
 Tomorrow, Thursday and Friday Juneau and Douglas teams will play hosts to the Sitka Browns.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
IeWeIed Sword, Dagger Presented
 10 Truman Today

WASHINGTON, Jan. IA = The splendor of the Orient shone on the White House today. Amir Saud, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, heir apparent to the throne. called on the President of the United States The Prince paid his respects and brought a present His gift was a jeweled sword and dagger. From MT. Truman the Crown Prince re- ceived an autographed photograph.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
SPORTING WORLD
 GETS FBI WARNING

WASHINGTON, Jan. IA The sporting world faced an ultimatum from FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover today to clean out the scum" or prepare for a storm of public wrath.
 Promoters and participants alike must see that sports are kept clean and above the ugly rumors of fixes and control by gamblers, he told a press conference. Other wise, public opinion will demand an accounting and in no unmistak- able n,anrer."
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
Erwiny Alaska Bound, 7, Killed itl Crash

GOLDENDALE. Wash. Jan. l4- Lieut.. Oris L. Erwin, New Orleans, La, was fatally injured last Friday as his car skidded on an icy bridge six miles south of here, crashed and overturned lie was travelling alone
 He was brought here in an ambu- lance, dying six hours later, Dr. J. N. Reid reported. He was re- turning to the Pacific northwest from a leave and was on his way to Anchorage, Alaska.
 Army authorities took charge of the body
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
FIRE REPORT

CHESTER. Ill, = Chesters fire house, in report by an underwrit- CTS association after a fire pre- vention survey Esss cited as fire hazard
 The report urged ccriect.9n ol five specific conditions.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
LIKES NO. B

CHICAGO-Al c. Kumskis says he dotes on the number 13 On Jan. l3, Kumskis, an independent can- didate for alderman-the 18th ward appeared at the election com- missioner's office. He was accom- panied by committee of B per-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
Cuts Flying lime From Wlli!eh0gse
 To Seattle Base

SEATTLE, Jan. l4-Aided sby tail winds and averaging 260 miles an hour, a Pan American twin-engine DC-3 cargo transport flew the 1,170 miles here from Whitehorse Y. T, in four and a half hours for a new record, officials said
 Capt. Marven Meyer was at the controls as three and a half hours were cut from the regularly sched- uled time.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14

approved unanimously shortly after noon today an S11, 1,968,5 ,575 deficiency appropriation to meet current needs .or old age pension and other pub ic welfare benefits. The action anne after the House Republicans md Democrats united to override unanimously one of Governor Wall gren's 1945 vetoes and the Senate Republican-Conservative coalition decided to override three others.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14
DEEPSEA FISHERMEN TO
 HOLD MEETING TONIGHT

Announcement is made that the Deepsea Fishermen's Union will hold a business meeting tonight starting at 7:30 o'clock. The meet ing will be held in the Union Hall
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-01-14

WASHINGTON-The Army Air Forces today recommended produc- ten of 3,oo0 military airplanes a year as the minimum to support an aircraft industry prepared for war time expansion.