davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-04-17

Miss Dorothy A. Stillman, daugh-
ter OF Mrs. Horace D. Stillman, was
married Saturday to Mr.. Gerald M
Ebert, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Otto
Ebert Of McCook, Nebr. The Rev
Edwin A. Luckett officiated in the
Church Of the Holy Comforter at
IL o'clock.
Members OF the wedding party in
cluded the brides sister, Mrs. Alex
ander ]. Lipske, jr., who was her
matron of honor, and Miss Pearl
Ward, who was bridesmaid. Mr.
Horace F. Stillman, brother OF the
bride, was best man and the ushers
were her brother-in-law, Mr.. Lpske
and Mr.. Robert Austin.
Wearing traditional white satin
trimmed with lace the bride was
escorted by her father to the sanctu-
ary steps. Her fngertip veil was
held by a coronet of orange blossoms
and her shower bouquet was OF
white roses and sweet peas. The
brides attendants were dressed In
satin gowns fashioned alike, Mrs
Lipske in light blue and Miss Ward
in yellow, the. latter carrying blue
sweet peas and the former bou-
quet Of daffodils.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ebert have gone to
New York and will visit his parents
in McCook before returning to
Washington to make their home
Mr.. Ebert served in the Navy for
three years and during the past
eight months has been student at
Columbia Technical Institute.
Evening star., 1947-04-17

Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Ernest Cobb,
who were married Saturday evening
have gone to Florida on their we'd
ding trip. The bride, who formerly
was Miss Dorothy Ann Goodman, is
a daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs. William
Carl Goodman. Mr.. Cobb is a son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Roy L. Cobb.
The ceremony was performed in
the Hamline Methodist Church, the
Rev. Harry w. Burgan officiating at
Is o'clock. The wedding music was
given by Mr., Raymond Pigott, who
Sang, and Mrs. Kathryn Rawls,
lorganist.
The wedding gown was unusual,
being of white satin imported from
China and made by the brides
mother. A heart-shaped halo held
her fingertip veil and she carried a
Colonial bouquet of white roses and
gardenias.
Preceding the bride to the altar
was her cousin, little Miss Janice
Dunn, dressed in white narquisette
embroidered with flowers and carry
ling a basket filled with rose petals,
which she tossed in the path of the
bride. Miss Marjorie Reed was maid
of honor and the bridesmaids in
cluded the Misses Elaine Goodman,
Julia Cobb, Virginia Leech, Mary
Jayne Briggs and Alberta Briggs.
They wore dresses In pastel shades
of pink, blue and yellow, their pic
ture frame hats matching their
gowns, and they carried Colonial
bouquets of early spring blossoms.
Mr.. Cobb had as his best man Mr..
John Cliff, and serving as ushers
were Mr.. Alan Conn, Mr.. Bernard
Kane, Mr.. Alan Weise, MIR. Luther
Briggs and Mr.. Raymond Briggs.
The reception was held in the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Goodman.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
JCRS Anxiliaries
To Hold Benefits

Final arrangements for a Mardi
Gras and bazaar to be held at Z
pm. Monday at the Willard Hotel
were completed at a luncheon yes
terday by the Washington Ladies
Auxiliary Of the Jewish Consump-
tive Relief Society.
The program viii include a buffet
supper, games and q variety OF
prizes. Mrs. Samuel Rubenstein Is
chairman, Mrs. Benjamin Oscar,
co-chairman, and Mrs. Milton Sum-
mers and Mrs. Charles Kohen are
in charge Of tickets.
The Washington intermediate
Group Of the JCRS will hold its Sec
ond annual dance from $50 pm
to 1890 am. Wednesday at the
Shoreham Hotel. Proceeds will go
toward the maintenance of the tu-
berculosis sanitarium, supported by
the society, at Denver, Colo
Mrs. Max. Roxenberg is chairman
OF the affair, assisted by Mrs. Sam
Blavatt.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Foreign Visitors

Nine. Diamantopoulos, widow ot
Mr.. Cimon P. Diamantopoulos, has
returned from New York accom-
panied by her sister, Nine. Mavrides
wife of Mr.. Demtrieu Mavrides, and
they have taken a suite at Common
wealth Farm in Maryland for q
month or six weeks.
Nine. Diamantopoulos went to
New York some weeks ago after
packing her personal belongings
and those of the late Ambassador
Mr.. Christos Diamantopoulos
cousin of the late Ambassador, and
Nine. Diamantopoulos, arrived In
this country last week from Greece.
They stayed only few days in New
York and went to Colorado where
they will visit the family of Mime.
Diamantopoulos. Mr.. Christos Dia-
mantopoulos also was in the diplo-
matte service of his country and had
a tour Of duty In Washington.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Shakespeare Societ)
To Hold Banguet

The Shakespeare Society OF
Washington will hold its annual
banquet at $50 pm. Monday at
the headquarters of the American
Association of University Women,
1884 I street NV. DR.. Giles E.
Dawson Of the Folger Shakespeare
Library will be guest speaker and
a musical program also has been
planned.
The Henry D. Fruit Memorial
Plate has again been donated by
an anonymous friend Of the So
ciety and will be presented in rec
ognition of eminent service to Will
liam Shakespeare in the National
Capital area during the past year.
Reservations may be made with
Alex LELAND, 5000 Connecticut ave-
nue NV.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Delta Gamma Head
To Attend PmIev

Mrs. E. Tiel Smith, new national
president Of Delta Gamma, interna-
tional women's collegiate sorority.
win attend the conference to be held
by Province tomorrow through
Sunday at the University Of Mary.
land Delta Gamma chapter house.
This will be Mrs. Smiths first
Official visit to the sorority here
since her appointment as president.
While here she will be feted by the
Washington Alumnae Chapter which
will hold formal bridge and dance
in her honor at 8 pm. Saturday
at the Woman's Club Of Chevy
Chase. Delegates and out-of-town
guests to the conference, az well a.
members Of local college chapters
viii attend the function. Mrs. The
odore Ives Messenger, Washington
Alumnae Chapter president, will
head the receiving line.
Preceding the dance, Mrs. Smith,
Mrs. Leonard s. Fem, Province sec.
|retary, and delegates and out-of-
town guests viii be honored by the
Executive Committee Of the WASH
ington Alumnae Chapter at buffet
supper at the home Of Mrs. william
E. Lee, 5622 Moorland lane, Bethes-
da, Md.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Special Notice

Wedding information should
be submitted no later than the
day before the wedding, or in
case of Saturday wedding at
least three days beforehand.
Only a brief announcement
will be published If wedding in
formation Is received following
the ceremony, and the infor-
nation must be received no
later than a week following the
ceremony II It Is to be published
at all.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Washington Society Attends
Frontier Nursing Benefit
By Betty BeaIe

The American mind the unused muscle John Mason Brown
told apprecve audience Mayfow ballroom yester
day afternoon "A Phi In this country abdominal
adonmen added the author and dramatic critic
for the Saturday Review of Literature
Frontier
Service OF Kentucky and Wasnon 400" turned out In
fun force hear Brecknrdge, colorfu
founder director missed this gathering Because
OF the Illness OF Of valuable assistants could
leave Wendoer her work Kentucky mountains her
Mrs Reeve Lewis usated description
OF the which the organization services the health needs IN
suarenie She knew whereof Since
Evening star., 1947-04-17

Now IN New York on their we'd
ding trip are Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph
Patrick Viehmann, who were mar
ried at 10 o'clock Saturday morning
in Our Lady Of Lourdes Church
Bethesda, by the Rev. Elmer T
Fisher. A reception was held in
the ballroom of the Kennedy-War.
rem following the ceremony.
The bride, who is the former Miss
Joan Caylor, daughter Of DR.. and
Mrs. Claude G. Caylor of Kenwood
Md, was escorted to the altar by
her brother, DR.. Claude D. Caylor
jr. She wore a white brocaded satin
gown with a train and a fingertir
veil held by a halo edged with pearls
Her flowers were white roses.
Miss Mary Caylor was maid oil
honor and the bridesmaids were
Miss Betty Bobal and Miss Ida
belle Hoblitzell. The Misses Ann
and Edith Caylor served as JUNO,
bridesmaids. The maid of honor
and the bridesmaids wore white
faille gowns and Miss Ann Caylor
wore white pique, while her sister
was in a white brocaded satin gown
fashioned after that Of the brides
The maid Of honor carried red roses
and the bridesmaids and junior
bridesmaids carried old-fashioned
bouquets.
Mr.. George r. Viehmann was best
man for his nephew, who is the
son of Mr.. and Mrs. John r. Vieh-
mann of Washington, and seating
the guests were Mr.. Francis Haring
and Mr.. Robert Moore.
Mrs. Viehmann attended Immac-
ulate Seminary and Providence Di-
vision Of School of Nursing Educa-
ton Of Catholic University. Her
husband attended Western High
School and Dewitt Preparatory
School.
The couple went to New York on
their wedding trip and upon their
return they will make their home
In Washington.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Japanese to Sbeak

"Java's Education" will be dis
cussed by Bisochi Djatiasmoro, OF
Java, before meeting Of the Wash
ington Chapter Of the Greensboro
College Alumnae Association at
pm. Sunday at the. home Of Mrs
Harry J. Eckstein, 1888 Live Oal
drive, Silver Spring.
Mr.. Djatiasmoro, a student at
George Washington University, will
also show movies of his native coun-
try. He will be introduced by Mrs
Eckstein, who is the chapters pro-
gram chairman. Mrs. Jerome B
Cowden, president, will preside and
Mrs. Will Ingram will conduct the
devotional,
Evening star., 1947-04-17
" onza,s's Club Of Cbeuy Chase
Elects Mrs. K. ]. Dannemiller

scholarship win receive q tuition
award valued at 5000 from the Mont.
gomery Junior College.
The aIternates for the scholarships
were announced as follows. Dorothy
Wynne. 507 East Thornapple street,
freshman scholarship: Eunice Tor
inski, 4707 Harrison street NV, ad-
vanced scholarship: Rosalie Allen,
$500 Hillandale road, Chevy Chase,
Nd Montgomery Junior College
scholarship, and Marilyn Riley, 20
Williams lane, Chevy Chase, Md,
special award.
Scholarships have been q part Of
the clubs program since q year after
it was organized and proportion
Of the dues are set aside each year
for this purpose.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Nav Weddnq

Mr.. and Mrs. J. Floyd Steele OF
this city and Pelham, N. Y, an
nounce the engagement OF their
daughter, Miss Barbara Lee Steele
to MIR. Ragnar G. Swanson, son Of
Mr.. and Mrs. August Swanson OF
Lynn, Mass.
The wedding will take place In
May in the Huguenot Memorial
Church in Pelham, the Rev. DR..
Willard P. Soper officiating.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Sneaker Named

Dr.. Peter Marshall, chaplain oa
the Senate and pastor Of the New
York Avenue Presbyterian Church
will be guest speaker at a meeting
Of the Democratic Women's Nation
|al Council at 8:15 pm. Monday at
the Washington Club. His subject
will be Christian Democracy"
Mrs. Walter n. Maloney will sing
"The Years Of the Spring." by Mrs
H. H. A. Beach, accompanied at the
piano by Mrs. Hershel Terrell.
Evening star., 1947-04-17

years old she has been an annual
volunteer worker In that rugged, In
accessible part Of the world.
When MIR. Brown started speaking
Of the tragic tapestry OF our times"
he had the rapt attention OF hun
dreds Of listeners, mostly feminine,
headed by the wife OF the President
Of the United States. In speaking
Of the melancholy of our age and
its effect on the literature of today,
he praised the New Yorker for pub
fishing the Report on Hiroshima. !"
That magazine, he said, pushes
laughter into the higher echelon Of
reading known as wit"
He brought a smile to every ones
lips when, as he started expressing
himself freely, he said at least he
was speaking in this country and not
in England. 1.-THE Russians" he
averred, "have obviously read Karl
Marx and just as obviously have
never read Emily, Post" He criti-
cized Elliott Rooseyelt's book, which
has three heroes. F. D. R., Uncle
Joe and Elliott himself" but praised
Nine. Perkins biography as the best
yet written about the late President.
1.-THE saddest comment on the mel
ancholy of our times" to which he
said Eugene O'Neil had surrendered
in advance" Is that people are will
ing to sit before 1.-THE Ice Man Com
eth" for AZ hours without protesting
at ALL"
Mrs. Truman had five guests with
her In her box. They were Mrs.
Chester w. Nimitz, Mrs. Omar Brad
ley, Mrs. Clifford Davis, Mrs. Robert
Tyson and Mrs. Earle Stewart of
New York. Glimpsed in the au-
dience were Mrs. Wiley Rutledge,
Mrs. Laurence H. Green, Mr.. Berke-
ley Simmons, jr,;; Mrs. H. Chapman
Rose, Countess Laszlo Szechenyi and,
of course, Mrs. D. Lawrence Groner,
who is chairman of the Washington
Committee for the Nursing Service.
Prominent members of the Capt.
tails residential society gathered in
the Chinese Room for tea and cock
tails after the lecture. There was
Mrs. j. M. Holton being greeted by
q number of friends including Mr..
Hampson Gary and Mrs. Marshall
Diggs. Mrs. Breckenridge Bayne
looked very sunburned and chic after
four months in Del Ray, Fla, and
Just back from Boca Grande were
Mr.. and Mrs. Gale Mclean. Mr..
Robert Woolley and Mr.. Eben Com
ms were there and Mrs. Gilbert
Hitchcock, Mrs Eugene Swigart,
Mrs. Cuthbert Train, Capt. and Mrs.
Barron Dubois, Mrs. H. Rozier Du-
lany, Miss Katherine Judge and Mrs.
John S. Graham.
Others who subscribed to this
popular affair were Mrs. A. Camp
Stanley, Mrs. William M. Castle,
MI. and Mrs. Seth Richardson, Rear
Admiral and Mrs. Adolphus Station,
Mrs. Stephen Bonsal, Miss Grace
OcuYnpaugh, Mrs. Gardner Boothe,
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Dewey, MIR.
and Mrs. Thomas Bell Sweeney,
Rear Admiral and Mrs. Charles Rus
sell Train, Mr.. and Mrs. John Lord
O'Brian, Mrs. Henry Miller and
Ms, Albert Niblack,
Evening star., 1947-04-17

Mrs. Robert ]. Dannemiller VA,
elected president Of the Womans
Club Of Chevy Chase at q meeting
yesterday which also featured the
announcement of winners Of -four
scholarships awarded by the club.
Mrs. Dannemiller, who is the retir-
ing first vice president, succeeds
Mrs. Mason B. Leming.
Mrs. Earl A. Trager was elected
first vice president; Mrs. Herbert j.
Schlee, second vice president, and
Mrs. Fred D. Allen. corresponding
secretary.
The new officers viii be installed
at the May meeting and will serve
for two years.
The clubs program yesterday also
included an address by Dr.. Roy Tasco
Davis, director OF the Inter -Ameri-
can School Service of the American
Council on Education and Mary
land State Senator from Montgom-
cry County.
DR.. Davis discussed the recent
action Of the Maryland General
Assembly In raising minimum sal
aries for teachers and said it was
designed to make the profession
attractive and stop the flow Of good
educators into other fields. He
pointed out, however, that increased
appropriations for schools will mean
the necessity for additional taxes
and urged the club to support ''rea-
sonable" measures which would as
sure an adequate budget.
DR.. Davis also described the pro-
gram OF the American Council or
Education in connection with Amer
ican-type schools in the Latin
American countries. These schools
were established during the war
he explained, after a survey showed
that German schools in the same
countries were serving as effective
agencies for propaganda.
Mrs. Harold De Courcy, chairman
OF the Applied Education Commit
tee, announced the winners Of the
clubs scholarships which have 8
total value Of $3.50 this year. Two o1
the winners previously had held
scholarships but 1t was emphasized
yesterday that this did not influence
the committee making the awards
as candidates are identified by num-
bers, rather than names, when their
qualif fcations are being considered
Barbara Arninger Of 4116 Lega-
ton street NV. won the annual ad-
vanced scholarship Of 5000 offered
by the club to a girl who is already
in college. Miss Arninger, who Is
studying at Goucher College and
Peabody Institute of Music in Balti-
more, won a 5000 special scholarship
given by the club two years ago and
was an alternate for the advanced
scholarship last year. She is q grad
uate Of the Woodrow Wilson High
School.
The freshman scholarship Of $3.50
offered to girl planning TO enter
college next fall, will go to Mary
Ellen Kincannon Of LOT East Brad
ley lane, who Is q senior at the
Bethesda-C Chevy Chase High School
A special scholarship valued al
500 will go to Theresa Uhrich Of III
Wooton avenue, Chevy Chase, Md.
and will be her third award from
the club. Miss Uhrich, who Is study
ing at the Massachusetts Institute
OF Technology, won the freshman
scholarship in 1945 and the advanced
scholarship In 1916. She is gradu-
ate of Woodrow Wilson High School
A new scholarship Of 500 to the
Montgomery Junior College, which
was added to the clubs list d.
awards this year, will 60 to Margaret
Seaquist Of 3130 Wisconsin avenue
NV, a senior at Woodrow Wilson
High School. In addition to the $10(
given by the club, the winner Of thi.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
Series Of It Homes
Started Y esferday;
Other Functions

The rector Of st. Johns Episcopal
Church on Lafayette Square, the
Rev. Charles Leslie Glenn, and Mrs.
Glenn held the first Of series OF
four at homes yesterday afternoon.
They received together In the
charming drawing room Of their
attractive home on Thirty-fourtn
street.
The rooms were crowded shortly
after 4 o'clock and the number of
guests did not lessen until well
after the appointed hour OF 6 o'clock.
Mrs. Glenn wore becoming street.
length frock Of black with small
| figures Of chartreuse yellow.
The prettily appointed tea table
was laid In the dining room with
a cluster of bright spring blossoms
in the center. Pouring coffee and
tea during the late afternoon were
Mrs. Horatio G. Gillmor, Mrs. Ed
ward B. Meigs, Mrs. Eliot Wads-
worth, Mrs. Edward r. Finken-
staedt and Miss Elsie Rowland
Quinby.
The Rev. and Mrs. Glenn will be
at home again April % and April 80
The last in the series will be given
May Z.
| Overcast skies and spasmodic
downpours of rain yesterday failed
to dampen the lovely tea party
which was given from to 5 O'Clock
lat the Congressional Club by Mrs
Ernest w. Mcfarland, wife of Sena-
tor Mcfarland of Arizona, Mrs
Bourke B. Hickenlooper, wife oil
Senator Hickenlooper Of Iowa, and
Mrs. George A. Wilson, wife OF
Senator Wilson OF Iowa.
Assisting the hostesses in receiv-
ing the nearly 800 guests were Mrs
Alexander Wiley, wife Of Senator
Wiley of Wisconsin, and Mrs. Ed
ward Burke, wife Of the former
Nebraska Senator.
Wives Of members Of the Seventy
eighth Congress met yesterday fol
luncheon and remained throughout
the afternoon to play bridge. The
meeting was held at Collingwood
where members and their guests
were seated at small tables, each OF
which had a cluster Of spring bios
SONS in the center. MrS. Holifield,
wife Of Representative Chet Holi-
field, who was first elected to the
Seventy eighth Congress, is presi-
dent of the club.
Evening star., 1947-04-17
GAild Plans Benefit

The Ladies Of st. Gertrude's
Guild have selected May is as the
date for their Spring benefit which
will be held at the Newton Theater.
The program will include pictures
and music. Proceeds will 90 to the
achool
Evening star., 1947-04-17
OAR Unit Benefit

A benefit card party viii be given
by the Eleanor Wilson Chapter,
OAR, from 1:30 to 4:30 pm. Satur-
day at the OAR Chapter House.
Mrs. Robert Van Denbergh is chair
man Of the Program Committee.
Mrs. Charles Grunwell is chapter
regent.
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-09-12

Shown above Paul " McNuutt (e Americas first Am
Philippine Republic Louis Levnthal
Special Advisor Jewish Affairs to It.
Lucus D. Clay Europe who addressed testimonial dinner
Lowell recently honoring Frank Goldman (cener pre
o.
McNutt urged end to racial discrimination in the United
Judge crisis
national leaders, Massachusetts State Of
representatives fellow townspeople honored
Goldman
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-09-12

is about 1,6OO.. This is a consider
able reduction from Hitler
figures, when up to 100000 Jews
lived in those areas. The 1,5OO
figure includes, besides German
Jews, those Of other natiOnaIities.
They are organized in seven COM
munities-Leipzig, Dresden, Err
furt, Magdeburg, Chemnitz, Halle
and Schwerin.
One great difference between
the British and American zones on
one hand and the Soviet area on
the other is the complete absence
of DPS in the latter sector. Most
Of the foreign Jews who were sent
there as slave laborers were per-
mitted to leave after the war,
while the rest were allowed to re-
main and to integrate themselves
in the Jewish community.
DR.. Fabian says there is no
Jewish problem in the Russian
zone, such as exists in the rest
of Germany. The Jews have full
freedom to live their religious and
communal lives without interior
ence on the part of the authorities.
Relations with the Russians are
everywhere good. Because of their
strict indOctrinatiOn in racial toll
GRANGE, Russian officials, soldiers
and employees are free of the faint
of anti-Semitism. On the other
hand, they ignore the fact that
the Jews were the worst sufferers
at the hands of the Nazis and have
special difficulties which should be
recognized.
AS far as the Germans. go, anti
Semitism in the Russian zone is
the least noticeable of all the
zones. That is not to say that it
does not exist. The Jews know,
on the contrary, that it does, be-
cause of such acts as desecrating
CONTINUED on Page 1OI)
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-09-12


One of the members of the COM
mittee is DR.. Hans Erich Fabian,
who is also general secretary of
the Federation of Jewish Commun-
tiles of the Russian Zone. DR..
Fabian resides in Berlin, where he
is on the board of the Jewish COM
munity, but he has had the op-
portunity of extensive travel
throughout the Soviet zone, and
he is in continuous contact with
the Jewish communities there. He
is, therefore, well qualified to de-
scribe the status of the Jews
under Russian administration.
According to DIR. Fabian, the
number of Jews in the Soviet Zone
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-09-12
The Jews in the Soviet Zone
BY PAUL GREEN

Copyright 1947 Jewish Teegraphic Agency, Inc)
Due to the difficulty of
western halves Of Germany hesancy
correspondents to tour their
een released about the Jews under
their brethren in the Allied
the Jews In the Soviet
OF Germany and last month the
closer relationship with the establishment
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-01-18
WONDER QUESTIONS
WHAT ARE RHODES
SCHOLARS?

Cecil Rhodes was an English.
man who went to South Africa
when only a boy and began to dig
for diamonds. He was successful,
and when twenty years old re
turned to England and entered
Oxford University. His health was
delicate, and it was eight years De.
fore he took his degree.
After leaving Oxford he re-
turned to South Africa and became
very wealthy from mines of gold
and diamonds. When he died, in
1902. it was found that he had left
most of his weslth to trustees to
found scholarships at Oxford Uni
versity.
Rhodes believed that the world
would be helped if all English
speaking people knew more about
one another. Therefore the scEol
ars were to be appointed from
nearly all parts of the British EN-
pire and from the United States.
Germany, too, wss allotted five
scholars a year. but this was can.
celed by the British Parliament il
1915.
Each province OF Canada APP
points a scholar every yesr and
thirty-two come each year from
the United States-four each from
eight groups of six states. There
are about 200 Rhodes. scholars in
all. They are young men; they re-
ceive about 1000 each year, and
the scholarships 7 for two or
three years. At first they were re-
quired to study at Oxford. but now
they may choose another univer-
sity for AIN or part Of the time.
Where Does the Tadpole's
Tail Go?
At a certain stage in the life
history of a tadpole some of the
cells within the tadpole's body
begin to attack and devour the
cells that make up the tail. The
tail is gradually eaten away and
absorbed, until finally, by the ac-
ton of these cells there is nothing
left of it. The material thus disap-
pears by the process which is