davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-05-19
First World Bank Loan

Consummation of the first loan by the
international Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, commonly known as the
World Bank, is noteworthy event. 1t
should logically set the pattern for the
banks subsequent transactions and indi-
cate the terms which borrowers may ex-
pect as prerequisite to granting of their
requests.
All this was very much in the mind
of the banks president, John j., McCloy,
during his negotiations with Robert Schu
man, Finance Minister of the French Re-
public. The French governments loan re-
quest was filed early last October, and
was for $500, 1000, ,0OO The amount actually
granted is S250,OOO,OOO The intervening
seven months witnessed a series of dis
cussions, not only as to the size of the loan
but also as to the terms on which the grant
would be made
The most serious difficulty concerned
guarantees as to proper employment of
the borrowed funds. AS its name implies,
the bank makes loans only for construc-
tive purposes of a specific character. 1t
is understood that, at the outset the bank
asked the French government to write
into the agreement the right of general
supervision over disbursements This at
once reused French susceptibilities, any
such supervisory right being deemed
derogation of French sovereignty. How
ever, President McCloy pointed out two
lrrefutable facts. In the first place. this
initial loan would set a precedent which
would be so considered by other nations,
who would charge discrimination if stricter
terms were imposed upon them than had
been given France. In the second place
practical guarantees over the spending of
all bank loans are necessary to reaSsure
investors in the banks securities.
1t should be understood that the only
way whereby the bank can make maximum
use of its powers is by the sale of it's own
debentures in the open market, which in
practice means the American money
market Unless investors are assured that
loans will be used for the prescribed pur-
poses, the banks ability to sell its bonds
would be seriously impaired
A way out of the difficulty has been
found by method acceptable to both
parties. This is in the form of letter
from Finance Minister Schuman to Presi-
dent McCloy accepting the principle of
the banks right to call for information
on how the money is being spent, together
with a guarantee that no other loan by
the French government shall be entitled
to priority, in the form of pledge or
mortgage, over the loan granted by the
bank. The fact that the right of super
vision is not formally incorporated into
the loan contract soothes French sensi-
eilities, while these official promises are
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Still Short of Fairness

Representative Bates of Massachusetts,
illustrates one of the inequities OF the local
income tax when he compares the number
of Washingtonians 1882 ,000) who filed Fed
eraI income tax returns with the number
$4,000 who file local income tax returns.
The difference between the figures roughly
approximates the number of residents who
escape payment of local income tax.
AS a co-chairman of the Joint Fiscal
Subcommittee preparing local revenue
raising program, Mr.. Bates proposes to
diminish this inequity by the new bill
rewritten at the District Building at his
request The rewritten bill would define
as resident of the District those who live
here as much as seven months in a year.
Some of these residents would become sub
ject to local income tax. But not all of
them. Mr. Bates Massachusetts, constitu-
ents who live in Washington, for example,
would not pay the local income tax If they
paid the Massachusetts, income tax. Sena-
tor Cain is the other co-chairman of the
committee. Senator Gains constituents
from the State of Washington who live
here would, however, pay the local income
tax. For there is no local income tax in
the State of Washington.
Thus, in removing one inequality in the
operation of the Districts income tax, Mr..
Bates would substitute another. This is
not said so much in derogation of Mr..
Bates plan. For his plan may be the most
equitable that Congress, as practical
matter, would approve But we should
not forget that if Congress were legislating
for the District of Columbia in the same
spirit that a State legislature functions
for its voting constituents, a. local income
tax would take prior claim on all locally
derived incomes. Double taxation would
be avoided by reciprocal credits. The
taxing jurisdiction which furnishes the
services enjoyed by resident would be
entitled to- tax the residents income.
Nothing short of that principle in the Dis
trict will represent fair and honest
income tax
That is the principle favored by the
Commissioners. Such bill would increase
the local income tax yield by an estimated
$250O,000. Mr.. Bates bill would yield less.
So it is not realistic to speak of substituting
Mr.. Bates bill for a local sales tax The
sales tax is the only new, substantial
revenue raiser proposed. It would yield
at least $9,000,0O0. If we must have that
much money, no one has yet advanced a
practicable alternative
Evening star., 1947-05-19

ington, with President Roosevelt, Admiral
Leahy and Gen. Marshall discussing the same
questions.
Murphys cable stipulated that the general
officer in charge of the mission should be
accompanied by one man thoroughly familiar
with the details of Torch Operation, one
supply man; one Navy man, and one political
expert-the latter to speak fluent French.
Brig Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer, head Of the
Allied Force Plans Section; Col A. L. Hamblen.
our shipping and supply expert; Capt. Jerauld
Wright of the United States Navy, who had
been our Navy iiaison man since Torch was
started, and Col. Julius C. Holmes, former
State Department officer who headed up our
Civil Affairs Branch of the Torch plan, seemed
to fill these specifications.
Until late afternoon we were hashing over
the details of our trip. We would fly to-
Gibraltar in two Flying Fortresses. The air
people pointed out that there was danger in
this. No Bit had ever landed at the
Gibraltar field, and we did not know If 1t
could be done. The party would split into two
planes, so that in the event mine was lost
Gen. Lemnitzer could carry on for me.
From Gibraltar we would be taken to the
Algerian coast in a British submarine. The
cable was very specific as to how the final
longitude some Is miles west of the tiny port
of Cherchel was given.
White Light in House Arranged.
On the night of October u our submarine
was to surface OFF the position given;
single, steady, white light would be exhibited
from a seaward dormer window Of the house
If the coast were clear and the landing should
proceed. This light would not be visible
from the land side.
Unfortunately, nothing was said about what
was to be done If We could not make it by
airplane and submarine in the short time
granted-four days-and we Immediately asked
Washington to send secret message TO
Murphy and his associates, urging them to
set up an alternate time Of rendezvous.
Evening star., 1947-05-19

probably enjoys the enthusiastic support
Of most Brazilians.
Nevertheless, it, is questionable deci-
sion. It's value as an antisubversive meas
ure is doubtful Actually, the Brazilian
Communists were an underground group
from 1922 to 1945, but still they managed to
build up an organization of several hun
dred thousand members. They plan to
appeal now to Brazils Supreme Court to
reverse the Electoral Tribunal, but even
If the appeal fails, their work will not
STOP They will go underground again,
they will carry on in the dark instead OF in
the full light of day, and in the dark they
may be able to do more insidious Job.
In this country we do not believe in the
repressive measures which Brazil has
adopted. In our view, it is wiser to give
the Communists plenty of rope in the
expectation that eventually they will hang
themselves. But we also need to remember
that the United States is not Brazil; that
there is no Justification for conclusion
that policy which would be wise for us
would necessarily be wise also for Brazil.
In the United States the Communists are
not, as of today, a serious political threat.
In Brazil the menace of Communist poll
tical domination is imminent and real.
Therefore, we should be slow to criticize
if the Brazilians who are opposed to COM
munism have come to the conclusion that
repression is the only weapon left to them.
What they are doing may not succeed
because of wretched economic conditions
there, but we can hardly ask Brazil to bow
to communism without struggle.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Mr.. Byrnes' Counsel

Former Secretary of State Byrnes has
spoken to good effect, and with timeliness,
in warning against perfectionism and talk
about the inevtability OF war. Both things,
as he suggests, are bad medicine; they are
no cure for sick world; on the contrary,
if we keep on dosing ourselves with them,
the results may be fatal.
An example of perfectionism is the effort
to prevent Senate ratification of the treaty
with Italy. This treaty-admittedly far
from Ideals the product of months OF
laborious negotiation. Yet despite this,
despite 21-nation Endorsement, despite
the fact that amendments will be possible
in the future, there are those who would
have our country-alone among the
others-reject 1t after having negotiated it.
1t is this sort of thing-together with
reckless war talk, particularly in Russia
and the United States-that can lead to
sense of futility everywhere and present
the world not with peace but with intensi-
fed mutual suspicion and frame of mind
psychoneurotic enough to precipitate
disaster.
Mr.. Byrnes offers counsel of common
sense He reminds us that we cannot
expect perfection in this world. Human
nature, in and of itself, is vast complex
of imperfections. Men and nations, in
building the peace, in seeking to compro-
mise their differences without sacrificing
basic principles, simply cannot achieve the
perfect; they can achieve only the per-
fectibie. To strive for the ideal, in other
words is fine thing to do, but in doing it,
we must recognize that we must settle for
the best possible when the full hearts
desire, because of human shortcomings,
cannot be realized. AS for war, Mr. Byrnes
is man of faith who scorns the defeatist
view that another one is inevitable. No
people anywhere-as a people-want to
fight again, and in his judgment govern
ments are not so bankrupt in statesman
ship that they cannot work out agreements
in line with this overwhelming sentiment.
1t is good to have these words from
such source. They constitute Mr.. Byrnes'
first public statement on the subject since
his resignation. They are wise. They are
sane. They are realistic. They add up to
the kind of temper the world needs at
time when too many of us seem prone to
let our edgy nerves and emotions overrule
our heads.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Clock Shop

All through the day he sits alone NTH time,
Its niIing fingers Graded In his otcn,
His old ear tuned to epery tick and chime,
BENDING 1t lotD to catch each taintest tone
Lost In trolleys clatter. Not for him
The casual pace OF day Dhen time Is not,
A 1Oorld stood still, Dlsen on the nebulous
brim
Man Ualks and infinite r1ythms are
forgot.
Yet he is gay-laughter is In his eyes.
And 1ohtn1sy like flute upon his Hps
Time Is no secret-there Is no disguise
When one can bare 1t at the finger tips.
These broken rlsyttms he tDtu start Gnetc;
Time is trheel, q pin, q little screto.
ISABELLE BRYANS LoNGFELLOW.
Evening star., 1947-05-19

the fate OF thou
sands Of British,
A m e ri can and
French soldiers
and s q / ! O r 6
might hang. Mr..
Churchill empha-
sized Britain's
entirely cooper
ative spirit.
BY this time.
Gen. Spaatz had
the two Bills
with especially
selected pilo t
r . a d y. The
weather people
Evening star., 1947-05-19

when + a tig u e
made further ac-
curate work i'm
possible. I final
ly told the staff
that on Sundays,
at least, every
one should stay
away from the
Office until 10
am.
T h u S. the
morning Of Sun
day the 17th,
when I Saun-
tered in, Gen.
Gr11enther w a s
Evening star., 1947-05-19

BY the time Gen. E18euQOWeT ana WcIt
ready to take OF for No. 10 We were vel
briefed on the complex contents Of the
Murphy cable.
Murphy reported that when he had returned
to Algiers from his visit to Washington. he
had been asked for . secret interview by the
head Of the French Intelligence The inter-
view took place at an isolated spot outside Of
town to avoid German notice.
'The Germans" Murphy cabled, appear de-
termined to settle the Western Mediterranean
issue during the coming weeks and will have
the use Of the Spanish mainland and OF Span
ish Morocco for this purpose. Gibraltar is
under constant surveillance. In French opinion.
definite action Is not q question Of weeks, but
Of days.
"The French political situation is extremely
delicate and collapse may be expected in as
little as 10 days. There Is no question that the
situation in French North Africa is moving
fast. Information indicates the Axis have
raised about 100000 troops along the Tunisian
frontier"
Gen. Mast by way Of Mr.. Murphy, raised
another extremely troublesome problem; he
suggested the possibility that the French would
be better satisfied with Torch II the opera
ton would include the occupation Of some part
OF Occupied France by the French Army so
that French resistance fighters could be sup
piled. This seemed to us impossible from the
beginning.
Submarine Asked for Giraud.
Murphy concluded: Mast asserts we can gain
entry practically without firing shot through
Giraud's command. It Is suggested that the
United States supply an American submarine
to pick up Giraud and his party at night on
the French Mediterranean coast"
When Gen. Eisenhower and arrived at No.
10 Downing Street the Prime Minister'S mood,
without knowing exactly what was on our
minds, was as enthusiastic as a boy with new
electric train. When we read the cable, he
broke into q big grin behind giant new cigar.
This is great-swell,' he kept saying.
We discussed the implications Of the trip at
some length with Clement Attlee, Lord Louis
Mountbatten, Sir Dudley Pound and Lord
Alanbrooke. Anthony Eden chimed in on the
political phase.
What Ike wanted was a specific British view
point on how much I could tell the French
about Torch. We knew Giraud would want
an important spot In the command setup, and
I offered, If 1t would help matters, to step
down as deputy commander to Ike in favor OF
Giraud That was rejected.
At the end, we told Churchill, happy as
detective story fan, the more fantastic details
OF our plans for this secret rendezvous on which
Evening star., 1947-05-19

Francois Darlan.
Gen. Henri Gil
raud was our
choice for French
leadership q n d
that was that.
II Darlan had to
be dealt with
later for the sake
of iI1amobilizing
the French Navy,
we could handle
him.
We knew that
a similar confer
e1ce was being
held in WASH
Evening star., 1947-05-19

deemed by the bank to afford the needed
safeguards
Now that the pattern has been set, ac-
ton may be expected on eight other loan
requests from variety OF countries, ag-
pregating more than 81 900 ,0OO, 900.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Operation Torch
Washington Message Cove Gen. Clark
SionuI for Sub Trip to North Africa

tThis is the frst Of six articles By Gen. Marx W.
Clark chief American aide to Gen. Eisennower
Gen Clark was commander in chief Of Efound forces;
preparatory to the Allied invasion. supreme COM
mander Of Allied forces in Italy and the Mediter-
occupatlon troops in Austria. and United States
Ministers Conference in Moscow)
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Letters to he Star
Threat to Ciy;lization Held
ldeological, Not Military

y
To the Editor Of Tne Star:
Both the United States Of America and the
q. s. s. r., says your dynamic columnist, Dorothy
Thompson, whose ideas do not always match
her dynamism, are caught on the horns Of
the same dilemma, alleged to be that of the
interference OF armament with cooperation.
War Is . social science" she says, which has
"outstripped all the othersl"
She is wrong, especially In her conclusion.
too widely held. that capitalism and COM
munism. unarmed, could Cooperate" Thus
"the only catalyst. required for peace Is total
and universal disarmament" She advises OPP
ponents of this doctrine to prepare to meet
thy God" not in life. but In death.
More Of such preparation in life might get
the horse back In front Of the cart In this
argument. A capable estimate Of the social
sciences in the current Scientific Monthly by
Prof. Lundberg OF the University Of Washing
ton points out the folly Of the idea that I'VE
already know the answers to social problems,
or at least can find these answers by simply z
consulting seers and sages of ancient and
contemporary times, including poets, play
wrights, novelists, newspaper columnists, and
radio commentators. This whole attitude and
approach represents q far greater menace to
civilization than does the atomic bomb"
The threat to civilization Is theological, not
military. We need more logic II we are to
attain less fear. Lack of it puts us into the
dilemmas which We now encounter In dealing
with communism. ALDEN A. POTTER.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
By Gen. Mark Wayne Clark.

BY October of 1912, the pressure Of planning
Torch Operation had become so great that
all of us at Norfolk House were literally work
ing day and night. We quit for sleep only
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Realism in Art

To the Editor of The Star
May express word of sympathy for your
correspondent who went to the Corcoran Gal
lery and found his favorite yelled Nun" stored
away?
The trouble with the Yelled Nun" Ia that
she looks too much like veiled num- II she
had looked like fshnet full Of shrimp and
been entitled 'The Yelled Nun" she would still
be on her pedestal.
We must keep In mind at all times the new
rule for the selection Of works OF art The
slogan Is, "If you can tell what 1t Is, It's
got to CO." LAURA X. POLLOCK.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Farewell to Modern Jonahs

To the Editor OF The Star:
Stonewall Jackson once rebuked stan ON
Ger who had expressed doubts concerning the
future, by saying sharply Take no counsel
OF your fears have never yet gained victory
by counselling my fears" And the prophet
Job said, THAT which I greatly feared has
come upon me-"
Certain modern prognosticators and rabble-
rousers in predicting prolonged depressions.
economic chaos and possible collapse Of our
form of government are sowing dangerous
seeds. Strong men when confronted with ma
tional problems do not quiver and quake and
give free rein to fear. On the contrary, they
face the future with fortitude and use their
energy in constructive planning This country
was built on courage, not cowardice. Many of
these modern "Jonahs" should retire to Rus
sia. They would not be missed.
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Suppression of Columnists


To the Editor Of The Star:
In the May Q issue of the United States
News there appeared an article relating the
methods being employed by the Republican
majority in Congress to bring pressure to bear
on editors and publishers in an attempt to
force the suppression Of their liberal column
lists.
That article disturbed me greatly and since
reading. it have watched for signs Of such
action on the part OF editors which would
substantiate these charges. In the May II
issue Of your paper appeared q particularly
violent attack upon Mr.. Ickes for his past and
present stand regarding the proposed appoint
ment Of Jed johnson to the judiciary. The
tone Of that article seemed to indicate that
The Star was seeking to provoke Mr.. Ickes Into
disseminating his column In your Newspaper.
If the article to which T refer had such a
purpose behind 1t, I sincerely hope that Mr..
Ickes will ignore the provocation and, II pos
sible, turn the other cheek. His service to
the public in openly discussing questions which
are very much in need Of the light of pub
ncity is too valuable to be lost to many of
your readers.
His forebearance under this attack can only
add to his already considerable stature rs
citizen who has rendered great public service
which merits the respect Of all Americans.
That service is particularly high lighted today
as We watch the Republican Congress de-
bilitate the great instrument OF public conserva-
ton and development which he built up, the
Interior Department A department which,
ironically enough, first started its great work
under Republican President, Theodore Roose-
ve1t, when he stood behind Clifford Pinchot to
begin the traditions Of public trust and service
which Mr.. Ickes carried forward so we'll.
HENRY r. BAYARD.
Evening star., 1947-05-19
Questions for Communist Veterans


To the Editor OF The Star:
How satisfactorily, we wonder, can the Com
munist Party Veterans Association answer the
following pertinent questions:
l. In what way are you using your influence
with the head of your party, Marshal Stain,
to effect the liberation Of the brides of Ameri-
can soldiers now arbitrarily held against their
will in the slave state Russia?
2. What document of protest did you draw
up and submit to your fellow party member,
Tito, Of bloody fame when American airmen
were murderously shot down in that territory
8. Did you bestow decorations upon the agents
whether Russians or so-called AmericanS who
melted rioting among our soldiers-duped
Youth and traitors alike-in the Communist
sponsored Send us Home" agitation in the
Philippines?
4. Did you give citations to the swivel chair
heroes traitorously instrumental in dissemina-
ting anti-American propaganda through of1icial
United States service organs distributed among
American fighting men at home and abroad?
S. How many of your officers and members
can it be proved saw active service? How many
Of your officers and members can it be proved
received citations and decorations for extraor-
dinary heroism under fire?
6. What was the full content with your tn-
depreciation, OF the instructions you received
from Moscow for the staging and programing
Of your recently held convention in Wash
ington? VOICE OF AMERICA.
Evening star., 1947-05-19

Almost Immediately, we went into planning
session. We gave little thought to Admiral
Kodiak mirror., 1947-09-13
NOTICE OF SPECIAL ELECTION

To the Electors of the City of Kodiak, Alaska, and
 To the Electors of the East Addition and the Leite Addition to the City of Kodiak, Alaska:
 NOTICE is hereby given that @ Special Election will be held on the 7th day of October, 1947,