davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-10-27
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. What was the cost OF the latest and best
battleships and aircraft carriers during World
War II?-J. K.
A. The Navy Department says that the cost
of the battleships averaged $1O4 900 per ship
UoWa class 1000 tons). The Midway class
carriers (45000 tons) cost approximately S90,-
O0OO 900 each although this figure does not
include the cost of the airplanes which they
carried.
O. Is the making Of wills an ancient custom?
-HH.
A. The earliest known will was written in
Egypt on papyrus by priest who left his
possessions to a fellow priest. 1t is dated about
$3.50 BIC.
O. Who originated the Rhode Island Green
ing apple?-H B.
A. According to the Department OF Agri-
culture, the Rhode Island Greening apple
originated near Newport. r. l.. from a chance
Seeding about 1700.
@. What is the greatest age to which turtle
has lived?-D. S. o.
A. The life span Of turtles may be as high as
200 years. One Of these creatures was captured
alive on the Island Of Mauritius In 1766 and
lived until 1913 The remains are preserved in
the British Museum In London. It's age at
death was estimated at between 200 and $50
years.
Q. How did the yard originate as a measure
of length?-T. R.
A. According to English tradition King Henry
stretched out his arm to give us this measure
ment Of length.
@. Which is more nourishing, white or yellow
corn?-B. F. C.
A. There is no difference in food value of
white and yellow corn.
O. How old is William and Mary College at
Williamsburg, Va? Is 1t co-educational?-
c. r. McC.
A. William and Mary College was chartered
in 1893 by the English King and Queen (Wil-
liam and Nary whose names it bears. This
college is co-educational Women were ad-
mitted upon equal terms with men at William
and Mary for the first time in September, 1918.
@. Are airplane pilots required to observe
certain rules concerning the taking of tntoxi-
eating liquor before dights?-B. j. H.
A. The Civil Aeronautics Administration says
that each airline has its own rules specifying
the time which must elapse between the pilots
drinking of intoxicating beverages and flying.
According to the Council of State Governments.
at least 80 States have statutes curbing reckless
or drunken flying The Army, Navy and Civil
Aeronautics Administration have regulations
which prohibit pilot from flying while under
the influence Of liquor.
@. What makes is possible for a spider to
walk over its web when flies and other insects
are caught in it?-C. E. M.
A. Not all the threads of the web are sticky
and it is on these that the spider usually walks.
However, kind of oil Is exuded onto the feet
so that the spider can also walk over the
sticky threads without sticking fast.
@. Under what circumstances did Queen
Victoria say that she was not interested in
the possibilities of defeat?-M. p. B.
A. Frank Hardie in THE Political Influence
of Queen Victoria" says that during the "Black
Week" of the Boer War the Queen wrote a
letter in which she said, I'VE are not interested
in the possibilities of defeat; they do not
Evening star., 1947-10-27

ernments and even the breaking of
diplomatic relations. If Moscow is now
returning to that deplorable attitude, the
Soviet government may have to be made
sharply aware that it will not be tolerated
And this awareness should be brought
home to it, not only by those governments
Immediately affected but by all who
comity
Evening star., 1947-10-27
Mr.. Hoffman Rebuffed

President Truman has done the proper
and sensible thing in refusing to make the
Civil Service Commission permit Repre-
sentative Clare Hoffman to pry into one
of its confidential files.
Mr.. Hoffman heads the House Commit
tee on Executive Expenditures, which is in
a position to exercise some control over
Evening star., 1947-10-27
Faith in De Gaulle justified

To the Editor Of The star:
As staunch believer since the very begin
ming in General de Gaulle's patriotism cannot
help but feel elated not only by the confidence
demonstrated in him by his own people, but also
by the obvious change in heart evidenced by
practically all of the articles and editorials OF
the leading Washington newspapers
MARIE ROSE NICKLIN.
Evening star., 1947-10-27

Congress wants to know, why 5000 house
today costs the homeless veteran $7,5oO-if, in
deed, he can get house built at any price.
For every dollar he puts into building, the
Evening star., 1947-10-27

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,Oriter, although 1t is permissible for
1Driter kno,Dn to The Star to use
non de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-10-27

(not pittances )that would permit them to live
in comfort. After all, many people who are
drawing (not necessarily earning) substantial
wages would have difficulty in describing their
duties. A. l.. A.
Evening star., 1947-10-27
Questions and Answers

reader can get the answer to question Of
fact by writing The Washington Star Informat ton
Bureau, 316 I street NE. Washington 2. D. c.
Please lnclose 3 cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1947-10-27
Letters to The Star
Uraes Gardens for Peace and Plenty

Urees Gardens for Peace and Plenty
To the Editor Of The Star:
It seems to this writer that some of the fervor
that Americans put into the war effort might
not be amiss right now in combating high prices
and in helping to put food into the mouths OF
the hungry peoples OF Europe. During the war
1e,500OOo Victory gardens sprouted from one
end of the country to the other. We planted
them then to help win war. we can piant 'nem
again to help guarantee the peace May l
suggest that the Department of Agriculture,
starting right now, begin q campaign to make
1s4S a bumper food year by sponsoring Gardens
for Peace and Plenty?
In 1914 Victory gardens helped swell the
food supply of the Nation to an all-time high,
namely 80 per cent above the 1859 average.
Whv should we eat less when we can produce
more through our collective efforts in our own
back yards?
AS every one knows, high food prices con-
tribute to the inf1ationary spiral by adding to
the cost of everything else from pianos TO
automobiles Gardens for Peace ana Flenty
would help stop this spiral, would contribute 10
the national morale, would feed America better
and would release food for overseas. AL In one
blow!
With the coming of spring let's put our
shoulders to the shovel and, IN the words OF
the psalmist, Those who SOW WIN teafs ha1 'es'
with songs in their hearts"
With millions of men and women enjoying
Saturdays of, in addition to Sundays even
metropolitan city dwelers will welcome the op-
portunity to do their mite, by following the call
of the soil all over the breadth and width
Of the country.
Might I respectfully suggest that our Pres
ident appeal to the Nation to plant in 1913
20 900 900 gardens thus making peace and
plenty a true realization?
SIGMUND GOTTLOBER.
Evening star., 1947-10-27
HiSh Cost of School Milk

To the Eultor OF Inc 5tHr.
There recently appeared an article about
penny milk in public schools. My sons go to the
Patterson School in the Southwest. They don't
get milk there from this National School Lunch
Act They pay IS cents week, which includes
one graham cracker day. It should be Is cents
This school never did get milk cheap. It was
80 cents last year. Could something be done
about this? MRS. DORIS SEYMOUR.
Evening star., 1947-10-27
Government Aid for Over Sos

Government AID Tor over jus
To the Editor of The Star:
1t was not at all surprising to read the letter
from your correspondent who said that because
of his being so years old he had been unable to
get work. This condition in general has existed
for long time, though there are countless
people who try to ignore it. They are the ones
who indorse sending billions abroad and who
lament discriminating against certain creeds
and nationalities. 1t is said on excellent au-
thority that some clergy look with disfavor on
employing any one past 35. Moreover, these
same ministers ofer no suggestion whereby the
unemployed can buy food or clothing and pay
for lodging.
If capable men and women through no fault
or their own are unable to find jobs, then the
Government should give them outright salaries
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
KMETZ NOW ASSISTANT
SECRETARY OF LABOR

Washington-(LPA) = John T.
Kmetz, 53-year-old International
executive board member of the
United Mine Workers-AFL and
president of the UMW's District so
until last year, was nominated as
Assistant Secretary of Labor this
week by President Truman.
Kmetz, a native TO Czechoslo-
vakia, and member of the UNIV
since 1901, was named to succeed
Assistant Labor Secretary Philip
Hannah who resigned last month in
opposition to the Taft Hartley law
and the action of the Republican
Congress in cutting Labor Dept
appropriations.
The son of miner, Kmetz work
ed his way up thru UNIV ranks
over a period of more than 35
years. He was president of Local
900 for 10 years and was elected
first vice-president of the Pennsyl-
vania Federation of Labor in 1926.
He was a vice-president of the
Pennsylvania State CIO Council un-
til 1912 and from 1943 thru part of
1916 served as president of Dis
trict so. He was appointed dele
gate to the Int1 Labor Organization
conference in Geneva this year. A
Democrat and a Catholic, his home
is in Nanticoke, Pa.
In resigning, Hannah told Tru-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09

carried through the year, farm in
come would increase 296 percent
over that of 1889, he asserted. He
added that the farm population of
Jan. | was SO per cent below that
of 1889. Farm subsidies last year
he listed at S800,0O0,00O.
Frey declared that all corpora
ton profits after taxes were $50
per cent higher last year than in
1889, jumping for the first half of
this year to 249 per cent. Profits Of
manufacturing corporations in
1916 were IL per cent higher than
in 1889, increasing to 211 per cent
in the first half of 1947, and the
net income of unincorporated
manufacturers increased last year
404 per cent from 1899, soaring to
628 per cent from January to June
30 last, he reported
Sees Labor "Fully Justified
Labor is fully justified" he as
serted, ain using every lawful
method to protect itself from those
responsible for higher prices, and
who now, to divert attention from
their own responsibility, have the
audacity to accuse labor of blame.
These groups-agriculture, manu-
facturers and retailers in their
eagerness for greater gains, are
embarked on program which, un-
less stopped, will bring economic
ruin to our country"
Dismissing relations between the
CIO and the AFL, Frey said that
CIO "raiding tactics" had been con-
tinued to such an extent that "it
would seem as though the CIO was
placing greater emphasis upon
raiding our membership than upon
endeavoring to organize the un-
organized"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09

SfoW HiCoihS VI OIneT MAYOR groups
has outstripped that Of labor and
that increased wages were not a
primary factor in higher living
costs.
Says Common Sense Basic
Frey told the convention dele
gates that there was nothing sem
sational, nothing capturing the
newspaper headlines, nothing which
savors of the heroic in applying
common sense to the solution of
our problems.
yet" he insisted, "the progress
our trade union movement has
made, the soundness of the founda-
tion upon which it rests, is due
more than anything else to the use
of common sense in the develop
ment and application of our trade
union policy"
For the determination of that
policy, Frey said, it never before
had been more necessary that the
trade union movement itself should
"retain the exclusive responsible
ity." 1t was true, he said, that the
had to depend to
"larger degree than in the past"
upon the services of competent
attorneys" but he contended trade
unionists could not afford" to per-
NIT lawyers, industrial advisers and
others to "sit in on policy making"
Submits Income Data
Seeking to refute charges that
living costs were due
primarily to increased wages, Frey
presented figures covering farmer,
and unincorporated re-
taller income since 1889. Average
hourly earnings, he
said, had advanced from 62.2 cents
in 1889 to S1.15 for the first half
Of 1947, in all manufacturing in
dustries, an increase of IS per
cent.
Comparative figures developed by
MS research department showed, he
asserted that farmers in 1889 re-
,eived an income Of 81, 500, 100000,
which rose to s15,230, 100000 in
1916, an increase of 23S per cent.
Reports Profits In Big Jump
This year, if the figures of s8,-
300 900, 900 for the first 6 months
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09

fusion will not be undone in many
year to come.
Of course labor itself should
have cured some of it's own ills,
but that is not enough reason for
throwing into an uproar the whole
field of labor relations at time
when the nation needs harmony,
understanding and cooperation
more thant at any time in history,
barring war time.
AS matter stand, what mutuality
of objective we achieve will be
in spite of this law and not because
of it.
Labor-management statesman
manship faces severe test. Wheth-
er or not it can meet that test re-
mains to be seen. National inter-
est, however, demands that it shall.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Ro+es Higher To
Bosses Than To
U.S.. Government

New York-(LPA)-Ever won
der where reactionary economists
and corporation statisticians get
those figures they throw around
when labor is looking for a wage
increase?
Here's an example in one easy
lesson. The Natl Industrial Con-
ference Board is an employer out
fit that peddles its figures to man
agement at fancy prices. Every
month it picks out 25 manufac-
turing industries and from these
it dopes out what the country's
workers are supposed to be earn
ing by the hour and by the week.
Last week the NICB released a
set of figures for manufacturing
industries for July. So did the Bu-
reau of Labor Statistics of the u.
S. Labor Dept. When compared,
the NICB figures were far more
gratifying to employers because
they proved that manufacturing
wages were much higher than the
government found and therefore
u. S. workers are not so desper
ately in need of wage hikes to meet
increased living costs.
The NICB found that manufac-
turing wages for July were $1.35
an hour and $3.50 a week. BIS
found that for the same month
manufacturing wages were $1.23
an hour and $49.03 a week.
The employer outfits ''selective"
figures therefore showed factory
workers getting 12c an hour more
and $4.57 a week more than they
were actually getting, according to
the nationwide government survey.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
FREY ASKS SANE POLICY
in PROTECTING RIGHTS
UNDER NEW LABOR LAW

San Francisco -QLNS)-Cautionng against rash ac-
ton on problems arising under the Taft Hartley Act Pres
dent John Frey of the Metal Trades Department Amer-
Federation OF Labor urged that keep and
low policy guided by trade union common sense"
In his annual report to the departmental convention
here President Frey warned that resentment against the
new law Should not lead to depart from sane weba-
anced policy to protect rights understand he
feature OF this report was compilation of data to
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Stencil Cartoons Available

New York-UPA) - Cartoons
for use in mimeographed papers
and leaflets are now being offered
free of charge to anyone in the
labor movement with a need for
such material. The cartoons, to pro-
mote good will among American
workers of all races and religions,
are put out in stencil form and
may be obtained by writing to Ma
tional Labor Service, 386 Fourth
Ave-, New York 16, N. Y.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
+. 81 g Ms
df'7{{44ERHsKEY

Look Magazine has just come
through with a resport on poll
on the Taft Hartley Act. The poll
was made by reputable agency
engaged in the polling business.
The result is a showing that
rank and file union members don't
think the law is anywhere as bad
as the leaders have said it is.
There is probably lot to that
conclusion.
However, it must be remembered
that leaders engaged in battle are
most likely to use words that con-
vey an extreme meaning. They are
likely to go overheard in denuncia-
tion. Both sides can be expected
to do that.
Certainly Mr.. Taft did it.
1t has come to be more or less
common idea that, when contro-
versy is at it's height, the truth will
lie somewhere between the oppoos-
ing statements.
1t will be long time before
either side knows just how this
law will work or what it means.
Not until there have been many
cases and court tests will there be
any exact knowledge of what the
law means in practice-IF it works
at all.
Refusal of the Executive Council
of the AFofL to sign the anti-Com-
munist affidavits throws the whole
matter into confusion, of course.
AS far as AFofL unions are con-
cerned, the law would seem to be
pretty much imperative; and the
same goes, thus far, for CIO
unions, leaving only a group of
non-affiliates to get themselves
into the show.
This is situation which Sen
ator Taft probably did not fore
see, although when he accepted the
non Communist pledge section he
must have known that at least a
risk was involved.
1t was risk to be determined by
by a choice between principle and
expediency.
Expediency dictated signing the
affidavits, because only those
unions whose officers have signed
can get a place on an election bal
lot. That would have given a clear
and decisive advantage to unions
whose opposite numbers could not
sign by reason of having Commun-
ist officers.
In large number of such cases
elections would have been won by
default.
The stand on principle was pos
sible on the ground that there is no
moral right on the part of gov
ernment to require any person to
swear that he is not Communist
in order to permit him to take ad-
vantage of the provisions of this
or any other law.
One does not have to swear that
he is not a Communist in order
to redress for assault and battery.
To put it another way, citizen
ship, in and of itself, is entitled
to the protection of all law.
There is some likeness, between
this required oath and the old vel
low dog contracts, under which a
worker could not get job in many
plants unless he signed an agree
ment not to join a union.
The Supreme Court killed the
yellow dog contract and the Con-
gress itself outlawed the labor in
junction.
All in all, the Taft-Hartley Act !
mas done more to create confusion
.han any piece of legislation in
many and many year. That con-
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09

man, "The passage of the Taft
Hartley bill has raised grave is
sues of civil liberties for the Am
erican people. 1t strikes at the heart
Of free men and institutions. | am
of the view that my only alterna-
tive is to return to my community
and the working people from
whence | came to carry on as pri-
vate citizen, the fight to repeal
this anti-labor and undemocratic
law. Your veto message is the key
note which | sincerely support"
Any time you get somethin' for
nothin' you won't have long for
the bill to show up.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Less Homework In New York

New York-(LPA)-A campaign
by the New York State Labor De-
partment, combined with recogni-
tion on the part of employers that
factory production is more efficient
and less expensive, has succeeded
in reducing industrial homework
in the state to slightly over one
third of the 1916 volume. The num-
ber of homeworkers has been cut
from IL ,699 to 1910.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Intra-AFL Raiding Hit

Washington-CLPA)-A resolu-
tion against raiding plants already
under contract with other AFL
unions and properly under their
jurisdiction, will be among those
introduced at the AFL convention
this week. The United Textile
Workers-AFL recommends forma-
tion of three-man committee to
settle jurisdictional disputes with
in the AFL. 1t was understood that
the resolution against "catch-all
organizations" is aimed at the
United Mine Workers District so.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Green Commends Actors Equity

New York-UPA)-Stating that
"The AFL has been fighting race
discrimination and is opposed to
discrimination because of creed,
color or nationality" William Green
last week praised Actors Equity
Ass'n-AFL for the stand it has
taken in opposition to discrimina-
tion against Negroes at Washing
toms National Theater. Other
groups attempting to lift the color
ban in the nations capital include
the Dramatists Guild and the Lea
que of New York Theaters.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Memphis AP Signs With Guild

Membphis-(LPA)-In an agree
ment extending the terms of their
national contract with Associated
Press, the American Newspaper
Guild-CIO this week became barg-
aning agent for the employees of
the Memphis Bureau of AP. The
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
NOTICE MAINTENANCE MEN

All members of Local Union 172
are urgently requested to be pres
ent at special meeting to be held
Friday evening, Oct. 10. This meet
ing has been called to transact
business of vital importance to
every member.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
Marine Union Wins Pay Raise

San Francisco-LPA)-Ship Of
ficers on the West Coast won a 59e
wage increase last week when the
Pacific American Ship Owners
Assn signed a contract with the
Masters, Mates & Pilots-AFL. The
PASA has not yet reached an
agreement with the Sailors Union
of the Pacific, which represents the
seamen.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
UAW Strike Settled

st. Louis-UPA)-A six-week
strike Of 2400 auto workers was
ended here last week when the COM
pany, Carter Carburetor Corp. and
the union, United Automobile
Workers-CIO, reached an agree
ment on a 14Ac wage increase for
production and maintenance en-
ployes.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09
IN THE LABOR LiMELIGHT

Guild contract specifies an $3.50
minimum wage for experienced re-
porters.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-10-09

Use lower grades (less ex-
pensive) cuts Of meats these
have less waste fat and require
less grain feeds to produce them.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1947-09-17
Candle Light Wedding


Miss Shirley Ruth. the daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Phillip Ruth, of
Morgan City, La. was happily
married to Mr. Edward Delahous-
save. Jr.. the son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Delahoussaye of Morgan City, La.
The ceremony was performed at
Mount Hope Baptist Church, Sun
lay September Z, at p. M. by
Rev. A. B. Fuller who read the
matrimonial vows.
Mr.. Ivory Nicholas, brother-in-
law of the bridegroom. marched
down the isle with Miss Ruth
and acted as her father in Civ
ng her away. The brides flowers
were white roses and she wore
white satin wedding gown trim
med with lace. The veil was
square and hang to the waist
over her face, and about two OF
hree feet train. Mrs. Mamie Nor
-ison was matron of honor and
Mr. George Gartener was Besi
man. Seven other bridesmaids and
seven other men attendants, sis
junior bridesmaids. Lula Mac