davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-06-29
UNRRA Will Ring Down Curtain
On Work in Europe Tomorrow

Poland, even more wrecked, gave
coal, the only thing she had.
Czechoslovakia, recovering more
quickly than others, voluntarily
took a cut in aid this year.
The largest donors were the
United States, Canada, and Great
Britain. The nations which received
the most aid were China, F bland,
Italy and Yugoslavia, in that order.
The other receiving nations were:
Albania, Austria, Byelo-Russia,
Greece, the Ukraine, Ethiopia, Hun
gary, Korea and the Philippines.
Large Errands of Mercy.
Fantastically large erronds OF
mercy were performed. In Greece
planes busted swampy fields with
insecticide until the nation now has
its lowest malaria count of modern
history. At one time plane from
Great Britain flew to Czechosloyakla
with a load of machinery belts to
keep the Czech textile mills running.
Through it's Observation-Disclosures
history UNRRA ran into much crit
icism. But there was surprisingly
little of it considering the distress
of the lands which needed help and
the fact that 48 nations were trying
to work together with staffers col
lected from 40 nations.
Aid was slow at first, because ships
were scarce. Later some UNRRA
supplies got into the Greek and Chi
nese black markets. There were
rumors that recipients were not told
their food was an international gift,
but that story was finally exploded
by UNRRA investigators.
In the end it was the United
States which killed the idea of Civ
ing any further relief through an
international agency. The American
action followed antagontstic moves
from Communists in Czechoslovakia
and from Tito's forces. The United
States Government turned to the
policy of helping friends" and Con-
gress voted $3.50, ,0O0, 900 to assist still
needy areas; to be given as strictly
American aid.
Some 300 UNRRA camps still dot
Europe, housing the $4,000 displaced
persons who refuse to return to their
homes in middle Europe because of
political beliefs. They will get future
aid from the new International Ref
ugee Organization.
Three Americans headed UNRRA
through its life: Former Gov. Her
bert H. Lehman, of New York; for
mer Mayor Fiorella LaGuardia, of
New York City, and Maj. Gen. Low
ell w. Rocks.
Evening star., 1947-06-29
Ernest 0. PoIund Elected
To ReciprocityC Clubs Post

Ernest o. Paland, 1900 Worthing-
ton street NV, was elected second
vice president Of the Reciprocity
Clubs of America at the organiza-
tion's 23rd Annual Convention in
Atlantic City yesterday, the Asso-
ciated Press reported
Other officers elected and installed
were j. L. Steinberg of Newark, N. j.,
president; Henry Moehlman, Balti-
more, first vice president; Eugene
Boucher, Providence, r. +, third vice
president; Charles j. Curtaz, Boston,
treasurer, and Charles Davidson,
Holyoke, Mass, sergeant at arms.
Evening star., 1947-06-29
Labor Forum to Be Held
At Catholic University

Labor leaders, Federal officials and
employers will participate in series
of labor relations forum meetings at
Catholic University beginning
Wednesday at 7:30 pm, it was an
nounced yesterday.
Meetings also will be held on the
five succeeding Wednesdays. Rev
William j. Gordon is director
George Meany, secretary-treasurer
of the American Federation of La
Dor, will be the keynote speaker at
the first session.
Mexico will place its income taxes
on a progressive earnings basis.
Evening star., 1947-06-29
By the Asseeiofed Press

Tomorrow all over Europe the
United Nations will ring down the
curtain on their first attempt to
work together, the United Nations
Relief and Rehabilitation Admin
istration.
The work is over for Europe, al
thought it will go on several
months yet in China. In Europe
nothing will be left but skeleton
crew to check the final receipts.
UNRRA was frankly an emer-
gency agency. It was set up to battle
the immediate hunger and disease
which seemed inevitable in the wake
Of the worlds most destructive war.
When it was organized Gn Novem-
ber, 1943) there was no way OF
knowing the extent of the misery
caught in the German net-the war
prisoners, forced labor, the bombed
out.
When the blackout lifted, the
homeless ran to 100000 Hollow
eyed, they truged homeward to seek
lost families, many to find only
rubble where their homes had
stood.
Water supplies were polluted.
Filth everywhere carried the threat
of epidemics. Typhus, bubonic
plague, cholera started their devas-
tating work. Doctors worried over
the memory of the hundreds of
thousands who died from the flu
epidemic after World War I, even
In the unwrecked United States.
Proof of Success.
But none of the worst happened.
There was no mass starvation. There
has been no great epidemic. These
two facts UNRRA staffers claim as
the only proof needed that the
United Nations relief plan was a
success.
The Job was so tremendous that
the original contributions were
doubled, until $3,670,799,021 have
been spent or committed to bridge
the gap from chaos to peace The
United States contributed II per
cent of that fund. All told, 26,000,-
900 long tons of supplies were given
the wrecked nations. They in
cluded everything from needles to
locomotives, scissors to bales Of cot
ton.
Forty-eight nations shared in the
Job. Even tiny Iceland sent ponies
to the continent. The invaded ma
tions were not pledged to donate
supplies. But several did. Norway,
wrecked by the Germans, gave fish.
Evening star., 1947-06-29
Hearings Start Tuesday
On Anti-PoII Tux Bill
BY the Associaisd Press

A House administration subcom-
mittee announced yesterday Ait will
start hearings Tuesday on bills to
outlaw payment of a poll tax as
a requirement for voting in elec-
tions for Federal Office.
The subcommittee is headed by
Representative Gamble, Republican,
of New York
The antipoll tax bill has come
up at each session in recent years.
but SouthernerS always have blocked
1t in the Senate. With Congress
planning to adjourn July 26, it
would have virtually no chance this
year.
Iraq is considering buying 10
Evening star., 1947-06-29

their responsibilities under it.
"All interested Washington busi-
nessmen are invited and urged to
attend"
Evening star., 1947-06-29

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Evening star., 1947-06-29

TRAD is considering buying 1C
American war surplus steamers.
Evening star., 1947-02-01
The AnqIo-Soviet Pact

In agreeing that the British have
not renounced the Anglo-Soviet pact
of mutual assistance, Prime Minister
Stain has reassuringly contradicted
Pravda's statements to the contrary.
But he has done so with some quail
fication, and there is still reason to
wonder why Pravda-which GER
tainly does not discuss such mat
ters without the Kremlin's instruc-
tions and approval-ever took the
line it did.
AS the official organ of the Com
munist Party-completely controlled
by the Soviet government-Fravda
contended that British Foreign
Secretary Bevin implicitly renounced
the pact on December 20 when he
declared, in an address, that Britain
was tying itself not to any one coun-
try but only to the United Nations.
Pravda's first attack on this state
ment was made on January Is, al
most simultaneously with London
announcement of plans to negotiate
an Anglo-French alliance time
factor suggesting that the attack
may have been Russia's way of ex-
pressing its disapproval of such a
treaty. ..-
Whatever the original motivation,
however, Pravda failed to change its
mind even after an official British
denial. This denial, addressed as
protest to Prime Minister Stain,
pointed out that Pravda's .interpre-
tation was a gross distortion based
on sentence torn from the context
of Mr.. Bevin's speech. The denial
also had the effect of reafiirnling
Britain's adherence to the 20-year
Anglo-Soviet pact and of once again
offering to extend it for period Of
so years. When Mr.. Bevin spoke on
December %, he did not renounce
anything; he merely sought to
answer those critics in his own party
who had accused him of working
closely with the United States in a
kind of anti-Russian gang-up.
But despite these facts Pravda
stuck to its guns. In its second
editorial on the subject, it still in
sisted that its original Interpretation
was justified Generalissimo Stain
has now declared his own mouth
piece was wrong and the British
right. At the same time, however,
he has said that Britain's o4ter to
Evening star., 1947-02-01

employees generally. Declaring that
the Civil Service Commission has
list of 100000 suspected Com
munists or fellow travellers, he de-
plores the slashing Of appropria-'
tions for investigating the loyalty
of Federal employees. Shortsighted
economy of this sort leaves the doors
of Government wide open to such
subversive and potentially perilous
communistic inroads as threatened
the security of Canada. Mr.. La
Toilette and the Royal Commission
have done much to point out the
hazards of official and public indif-
ference to this grave problem.
Evening star., 1947-02-01
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The soft -pedaling of labor legisla-
ton designed to prevent Nationwide
tie-ups of industry has begun in big
way. In the first place, the labor
unions are showing themselves more
willing to bargain with the employers
rather than say, "Sign on the dotted
line, br else" Some of them have had
the effrontery to declare that the
threat now is Congress-because it has
shown signs of passing some enectlve
There's an old saying that when the
devil was sick he was willing to
become a monk-but that when the
devil was well, ''the devil monk
was he" With public opinion turned
squarely against the antics OF the
Union labor leaders last year-these
leaders. spokesmen for the unions, are
being good for the time being at any
rate. If they can convince the public
and more particularly Congress that
they are not q threat to the economy
of the country, q threat to production,
perhaps they can stave OH again the
much needed revision of the existing
labor laws. The Executive Council OF
the AFI, meeting in Miami. has as
serted it would be tragic should Con-
sress use the abnormal occurrences OF
1916 as the basis for reorganizing by
ill considered and punitive legislation
the whole system Of free and elective
collective bargaining.
n Il +
What the people and Congress should
remember is that unless something is
done by law to make these labor unions
and their leaders more responsible,
abnormal occurrences"-which means
strikes and work stoppages-are likely
to happen at any Uncertainty at
any time the labor leaders pick.
So the labor leaders are singing small
and in a minor key for the time be-
ing-even the CIO. What John L.
Lewis and his miners will do when
March 31-the expiration of the truce
entered into after the last coal strike
rolls around is guess. II the Supreme
Court of the United States still has
before it the appeal Of Mr.. Lewis and
the miners union from the neavy
sentences imposed by Judge Colds
borough because Of contempt OF court,
that fact may act as detsrrent and
Evening star., 1947-02-01

facilitate the making of a new con-
tract between the miners and the op-
orators.
No one wishes to see industry in this
country hamstrung by another coal
strike, except the Communists. Members
of Congress have this danger threat in
mind Chairman Hartley of the House
Committee on Labor is planning to get
single, omnibus labor bill into the House
for action by March Is. He believes
that this, too, may be salutary warning
to Mr.. Lewis and other labor leaders.
Both the Senate and House committees
ON labor are hard at work on this matter
of labor gislation-holding hearings
only, so far. The Truman administra-
tion, although it has indicated it is
willing to 60 little way in the matter
of corrective legislation, is setting its
back, apparently, against many needed
reforms. Secretary Of Labor Schwellen-
bach recognizes the problems caused
by inoustry-wide strikes and industry
wide collective bargaining. He recog-
nizes the fact that the closed shop, lin
principle" is as destructive Of the free
dom of the American worker as the
yellow dog contract"-which has been
outlawed. Under a yellow dog contract,
a worker was prohibited by his employer
from joining union. Mr.. Schwellen-
bach recognizes other problems-but his
attitude is that the closed shop and in
dustry-wide bargaining and the checko6
system have become so widely in use
that 1t is better not to seek to disturb
them. He has said that an effort to
outlaw the closed shop would create
chaos and industrial strife on q large
scale for the next six months.
~
Whether the plan Of the chairman Of
the House Labor Committee is fol-
lowed-an omnibus bill-or the plan Of
Chairman Taft Of the Senate Labor
Committee-to pass several bills-it all
boils down to the question Of votes In
the House and Senate; sufficient votes,
If necessary, to put through legislation
over presidential veto. The danger lies
in the fact that another congressional
election-as well as presidential elec-
tion-takes place next year. The incEna-
ton to WOO the so-called labor vote y
strong.
Evening star., 1947-02-01

extend the pact another so years
cannot be taken seriously unless and
until the British agree to remove
certain reservations from the pres
ent text. This Is puzzling quail
fication, especially since the reser-
vations are the usual. ones found
in such treaties and since he has
given no hint of just what he has
in mind.
Moreover, the Stain qualification
raises this question: II the Anglo
Soviet pact cannot be taken seri-
ously on 50-year basis, with
present reservations, how can it be
taken seriously now on its fixed
2o-year basis? Despite Prime Min
lister Stains rebuff to Pravda, the
meaning of the treaty is thus left
in doubt, with the Russians ap-
parently wanting to rewrite it in
stronger terms. The big question
for the British is whether the terms
may not be too strong.
Evening star., 1947-02-01
Europe's Arctic Winter

The extended prevleW OF spring
which we have just had in Wash
ington, a favor shared by most of
the Eastern Seaboard and other
parts of the United States, Dis in
striking contrast to the record
breaking cold that Europe is stimuli
taneously enduring. Furthermore,
the present visitation is the climax
of whole series of cold waves that
have engulfed all of Europe, includ-
ing the usually balmy Mediterranean
lands.
So truly Arctic winter is rarity,
because it contravenes the weather
factors on which Europe's climate
basically depends. Broadly speak
ing, weather normally tends to move
from west to east throughout the
temperate zones. So Western and
West Central Europe get their
weather mainly from the Atlantic
Ocean, tempered as it is by the Gulf
Stream; which accounts for the mild
climate of Britain, France, the Low
Countries and even Scandinavia
lands that otherwise would be as
bleak and barren as Labrador and
Greenland, which lie in the same
latitudes. Indeed, the influence of
this benign Atlantic Drift" is felt
as far east as Poland.
Yet occasionally Europe's basic
weather pattern is upset. Then, cold
waves rush westward from the
depths of Russia clear to the Allan
tic. The results, even in ordinary
peacetime, are troublesome and dis
concerting. The whole apparatus of
living is not geared to low tempera-
lures. Homes cannot be properly
heated. Clothing is insufficient.
Transportation is badly disrupted,
from blocked roads with no snow
plows to clear them, to frozen rail-
road switches and car couplings, plus
rivers and canals sealed by ice. This
latter factor is highly important, be-
cause Europe makes vastly better
use than we do of its rivers for trans
port, supplemented by a network of
canals. Most of the bulky freight
such as coal is transported by
barge rather than by rail.
If this be true under normal con-
ditions, the disruption of commu-
nications in war-racked Europe cam
be imagined. Grave shortages are
intensified, already crippled indus
try becomes virtually paralyzed,
while suffering and death in
bombed-out cities are the order of
the day.
Should the cold waves continue to
beleaguer Europe, the cumulative
effects might be little short of catas-
trophic. And the repercussions would
be felt in politics and diplomacy as
well as in economics and everyday
living. In many European lands,
the margin between recovery and
chaotic breakdown is perilously thin.
Unrelentingly bitter weather could
be the factor tipping the wavering
scales on the downside.
Evening star., 1947-02-01
This and That
By Charles E. Trace1Dell.

6V Iftu7LSS xfUCCWCI.
Rat! tat! tat!
Now who was that hammering at the
doora
AS we started to open the portals a
gay voice sang out:
"Open the door, Richard!"
It was Templeton Jones, himself. We
were slightly surprised at his gayety,
but thought that perhaps he had been
drinking some of the brandy kind
friend gave him for Christmas.
Come in, Temp, old boy" we said.
"But the name isn't Richard, you know"
Its just that crazy song" replied
Jones, divesting himself of a long scarf,
which he draped over the back of the
davenport. mo discourtesy intended,
Charles"
What song?" we asked, pretending
ignorance. (Mostly we do not have to
pretend, but this time we did it, just to
see what our learned friend would say)
He said:
"That song is most amazing, you
know.
In few weeks it has spread all over
the country.
Every place I 60 people are calling
out, Open the door, Richard
And this, mind you, no matter what
the given name of the person addressed.
"Kilroy may have been there, but
Richard, evidently, is everywhere.
What is this song about, Templeton?'
we asked, as if we hadn't heard it-as
if any one could not have heard it!
We'll" said Jones, ''it is a true folk
song. l am not exactly hep cat"
Hep cat?" we asked. Il know some
thing about alley cats, and Persian cats,
and Maine coon cats, and Siamese cats,
but what is hep cat?"
"A hep cat," replied Jones, judiciously,
sis, l take it, juvenile musician who
thinks Beethoven something of bore"
We looked at Jones, suspecting that
he was trying to josh US, but said moth
ing so he went on
This song is of very simple construc-
ton, of course, as all true folk songs are.
Its theme is just six notes, but you
would be amazed to know how many
grand symphony themes are just six
notes, too"
what is the song about, Templeton?"
Well" went on Mr.. Jones, settling
himself back luxuriantly on the daven-
port, which then touched the floor, but
he didn't realize it, since the ''flounce"
had been well pulled down to hide the
broken spring.
"Well, it is this way: The song is in
four parts, three devoted to command
ing Richard to open the door, and one
q plea for him to do so.
Sounds somewhat silly"
But it isn't, at all" replied Jones.
"But where does this Richard person
come in?" We asked, puzzled.
Jones smiled.
'He doesn't come in at all. He is
asleep in the room. The singer is out
side, trying to get in.
Richard, you see, has locked the door
SO that the other cannot open it, Hence
he must ask Richard to open up"
IT see."
Then there is woman who looks
out the window, and several rude char
acters. The hero, however. is this Rich
ard"
But who We asked. sis Richard?"
Our guest looked trifie discounted.
" don't exactly know" he confessed.
Evening star., 1947-02-01
La FoIIette's Red Warning

Support for the Canadian Royal
Commissions warning that Commu-
mist infiltration tactics in Canada
followed a pattern" used in the
United States and other democracies
has come from an unexpected and
highly reliable source. This author
ity is former Senator Robert M. La
Toilette, jr, liberal who has never
been accused of red-baiting or see
ing things under the bed.
Writing in Golfers magazine, Mr..
La Toilette charges that Commu-
nists or Communist sympathizers
have wormed their way into strate-
gic legislative and executive posi-
tions in our Government. His de-
scription of first-hand observa-
tions of this type of infiltration
reads strikingly like some OF the
findings of Canadian investigators
of the Russian spy ring, as related
in the series Of articles published on
this page during the past week.
Mr.. La Toilette is boldly specific.
He lists several Senate committees
as having had stats filled" with
Communists or their sympathizers,
among them the Pepper Subcommit-
tee on Wartime Health and Educa-
ton, the Kilgore Subcommittee on
War Mobilization the Murray Spe-
cial Committee on Small Business
and the Civil Liberties Committee, of
whieh he was chairman. He says he
was. forced to purge the staff of his
own committee of left-wing "influ-
ences." In addition, he lists nine
"left-wing unions of the CIO' which
he charges are sympathetic to the
Communist Party line"
Coming from person of Mr.. La
Follette's caliber, these charges are
not to be passed over lightly. While
committee stats are being reorgan-
lied as a result of the change in
political complexion of Congress, the
need for a careful screening of COM
mittee employees is clearly indicated.
i should extend to Government