davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Lindsay AetExemption
Bill Awaits Action
After Revival $3.50
By J. B. Zotman
Sfae S4off corr~sn.na.na c

ANNAPOLIS, Mar. 6.-The con-
troyersial bill to exempt Mont
gomery County from provisions OF
the Lindsay Act had q new lease
on life today, after the House ap-
proved q motion yesterday substi-
tuting the measure for an unfavor-
able committee report.
The motion, submitted by Anders
r. Loftstrand, jr, chairman of the
all-Republican Montgomery delega-
ton. was adopted by a vote Of 63
to so, after debate of nearly an
hour. The bill then was ordered
printed for third reading.
Earlier the House Judiciary Com
mittee had voted, 10 to 8, to submit
an unfavorable report on the bill on
motion of william P. McGrath,
Democrat, of Prince Georges County.
1t was brought out OF committee
at the request OF Mr.. Loftstrand.
The Lindsay law, passed two
years ago, prohibits nonpartisan
elections of a county council in any
county having a charter form of
government.
Mr.. Loftstrand's motion on the
Lindsay Act proposal, precipitated
the sessions most spirited argument
in the House. In the final vote,
the Montgomery delegation was
joined by IS Of the SO Republican
delegates, with one absent; 10 Of the
SO Baltimore City representatives,
and scattered Democratic support
from other counties.
Curran's Followers Approve.
Almost all of the Baltimore City
delegates who voted for the motion
are followers of William Curran
Baltimore Democratic political lead
er. Mr.. Curran has been reported
at odds with Gov. Lane and Is
believed an opponent Of e. Brooke
Lee, Montgomery County Democratic
leader, who has voiced strong oppo-
sition to the bill.
Members of the Montgomery dele.
cation argued the bill is purely q
local matter and does not affect any
other county in the State.
Reading from a prepared state
ment, Mr.. Loftstrand declared: III
adopted, this legislation will give
to the people of Montgomery County
the right to decide for themselves
by referendum whether they shall
elect members of a county Council
on a nonpartisan basis.
"Only five purely local Offices are
affected by this bill. 1t does not
affect any other elective Office in
the county"
Evening star., 1947-03-06
House Group Assigned
To Study Fur Industry
~ the As.eeio,sd Press

Chairman Hope of the \ House
Agriculture Committee yesterday
appointed a subcommittee, headed
by Representative Murray, Repub.
Iican, Of Wisconsin to explore the
fur Industry"
Mr.. Hope said that although the
United States is the worlds larges.
producer and consumer Of furs
the fur industry has been very
largely neglected by the Govern.
ment In recent years."
Mr.. Murray told a reporter off,
cials Of. the State, Agriculture and
possibly other Federal departments
would be called to testify at hearings
to begin in about q month.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Housev Votes odoyonR nRenoming
Boulder Dam for Hoover

lpact which cleared the way for the
dams construction.
Mr.. Hoover entered the White
House in 1929 and the next year his
Secretary Of the Interior, Ray Ly-
man Wilbur, announced that the
structure would bear the Presidents
name.
Representative Anderson, Repub-
lican. Of California, sponsor of the
name-changing resolution, told the
House committee the project was
referred to as Hoover Dam In Eve
appropriation bills. That, he con-
tended, tended to give legality to
the title.
Mr.. Anderson quoted the late
Representative Edward TAYLOR.
Democrat, Of Colorado, chairman of
the House Appropriations Commit
tee in 1880, as renarking that he
had gladly" written the designation
into bill, and that the dam would
be monument to Hoover "for CEN
turies."
It remained in that sense only
three years, however, when Mr.,
Ickes Issued his order.
"A small act Of q very small man. -
MIR. Anderson asserted to the com
mittee, adding that his bill would
right . great wrong"
Several Democrats Of the Public
Lands Committee opposed Mr.
Andersons resolution on the
grounds that the name Boulder
Dam has become fixed through Il
years OF usage. They said too that
to argue the issue on the floor nigh,
reopen "old wounds"
II this thing splits along party
lines" said Representative Carroll
Democrat, Of Colorado, I don't think
1t viii be good for the dam or good
for Hoover"
There was no record vote in the
committee.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Joseph Wilmer Dies i
AT Nj. Alto Hospital; |
Former State Senator !

Former State Senator. Joseph
A. Wilmer of Charles County,
Md, died early today at Mount
Alto Hospital after an illness of.
several months. !
He had been taken to a hospital
In Baltimore several weeks ago and
more recently was transferred to the
hospital here.
Mr.. Wilmer was a member of one
Evening star., 1947-03-06

or to the Senate.
Mr.. Wilmer, who was 81, was q
native Of Charles County. He at
tended public schools there, the.
United States Naval Preparatory
School at Annapolis, and George
Washington University. He was
graduated from the latter with an.
LII. B. degree in 1912.
He was minority floor leader In
the Maryland House of Delegates
from 1927 to 1929 and from 1888 to
1896 was treasurer Of Charles
County.
The hospital said it is waiting for
word from next Of kin for funeral
ARRANGEMENTS.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Sylvia Sidney to Wed

SANTA MONICA, Calf, Mar. 6
|R.-Immediately" sums up the
marriage plans OF Film Actress
Sylvia Sidney, SO, and Carlton
Alsop, 46, radio-motion picture
executive, they said today. They
obtained marriage license here
late yesterday. Miss Sidney was
divorced recently from Actor Luther
Adler. Mr.. Alsop is the former
husband Of Film Actress Martha
Scott.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Henry
Continued From First Page.}

tCOutlQueQ cTOIn f1rSC faBe.t
entire United States In three weeks
by 1and-based planes from Little
America. Also, the expedition saw
for the first time more than SOC, ,0Ot
square miles Of new territory, mostly
high plateau, in flights which in
cluded one beyond the South Pole.
The planes explored the regions
East and West of the great Ross
Ice Shelf. Southeast lies the chao-
tic tumble of the Queen Maud
mountains, a vast array Of low-lyine
peaks at the shore line, rising In
is miles to five great tabular moup-
tain masses of 13 600 feet. This Is the
extent of knowledge OF this region
up to now. Planes few beyond and
found that the mountains height
steadily increases inland with two
new ranges southwark.
These probably belong to the gen.
eTal Queen Maud system which be-
cbmes one of the greatest on earth
In this group are several peaks
tentatively estimated as above 20, ,00o
feet.
Other Discoveries to West.
Equally notable discoveries, were
made to the west, scene Of the
classic British Scott and Shackleton
expedition. =
sHere former explorers going afoot
up the titanic ice river Beardmore
Glacier, toward the Pole saw enor-
nous mountain ranges towering on
both sides and gave them names.
Among these were Queen Alexander
Commonwealth and Royal Society
ranges.
But only mountains trimming this
glacier were seen. Planes from this
expedition crossed the rim, finding
great parallel ranges 80 to so miles
beyond before merging in the great
plateau of Victorialand. =
West Of these mountains the
planes found q large area of bare
earth and rock surface bordering
the plateau.
This marks the area where glaciers
retreated, perhaps indicating gen.
eral retreat over this whole section
Of the continent. An earth surface
Is just starting to form from wealth
ering Of rock.
These discoveries mark the single
greatest episode in all the history
Of exploration.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Iof the cooperative efforts among
Negro publishers to obtain paper.
Storm, Stalls Boxcars

storm stalls BOxcars.
MONTREAL, Mar. 6 (R.-A pulp
and paper company spokesman said
Yesterday his company is still stor-
ing newsprint instead of shipping
1t, because Of the Province of Que
bees latest storm, which stalled
many boxcars on their way to the
mills.
The spokesman said that even II
the weather returns to normal his
company would not be up to date
IN shipping for another month. If
the mills in the Quebec area are
hit by another storm such as the
latest, which reached gale pro-
portions In some districts, It may
take the rest Of the year to catch
I'D
Evening star., 1947-03-06

OF . Soutn e r n
Maryland's most
prominent Re-
publican faini-.
lies. J
Last year he
sought the Re-
publican NOM
in a t i on for
the United States
Senate against
Brig. Gen. D.
j o hn Markey.
Gen. M arke ".
who won, now Is
contesting the
election of for.
mer Gov. O'Con.
Evening star., 1947-03-06
Weather Report

(From the United States Engineers.)
Potomac River clear at Harpers Ferry
and at Great Falls; Shenandoah clear at
Harpers Ferry.
Evening star., 1947-10-26

They don't like to say 1t can't be
done, but are willing to lay fancy
odds it won't be.
Submarines still have a serious
weakness as observation craft that
planes might help. They are so low
in the water they can't see much.
A fleet of submarines of the fu-
ture might include a big submarine
carrying float planes or helicopters
to scout over wide area and re-
port back. This is about the only
advantage Navy officers can see to
the carrier submarine.
The rocket-carrying submarine is
8 different ship entirely. If present
predictions hold it will be the power
punch of the underwater fleet.
Rocket Experiments
The Navy has been secretly firing
rockets and the German vi. buzz
bomb from submarines for some
time Top admirals predict that the
future may see submarines firing
guided missiles and pilotless aircraft
armed with atomic warheads.
1t may be possible to fire from
below the water, miles from an
enemy coast, they believe. Rockets
are already in existence capable of
a 500-mile range.
In addition to this bombardment
suo, the Navy plans special types to
carry troops and cargo for Arctic
operations, for picket duty and scout
work.
Carriers were the spearhed of
Navy fighting power in the Pacific
and are still counted on to guard
landings and beat down enemy air.
Jet squadrons are practicing in
preparation for assignment to car
riers. Faster and bigger planes,
armed with more powerful rockets
and bombs, are expected.
Sealing up carrier against atomic
bombs looks almost impossible, at
Evening star., 1947-10-26
By Soul Pett

There is a growing army of peo-
pie, now assuming global proper
tions, who think they know what
you're thinking-often before you
think it.
In a little more than a decade of
intensified commercial. political and
scientific inquisitiveness into the
mind of the man in the street,
public opinion polling has become a
major industry or science, depend
ing on where you sit.
Every year, hundreds of polling
agencies and at least 5000 inter-
viewers ring doorbells and phones
around the country to record that
elusive, idolized abstraction, "the
public pulse" Questions ranging
from birth control to immortality
are asked by the scores of thou
sands, and between 1000 900 and D.
600, 900 people provide the answers.
Uses Seem Interminable
The clients vitality interested in
the results of public opinion polling
now range from the small manu-
facturer of a new deodorant to the
Government of the United States.
Polling has become highly COM
plicated technique, which attracts
studious little groups every year to
esoteric conferences wherein feel
ing the public pulse is reduced to
algebraic formulas and where one
hears propounded such theorems as:
"If three or more psychological OBJ
jects with the same average affective
value and with symmetriQ dis
Evening star., 1947-10-26
Polling Agencies DO Big Business Taking P11blicS Pulse

Most public opinion polls now
depend on between 1000 and $4,000
interviews. The important thing is
the widest kind of cross-sectien.
Given only a handful of people,
but with enough Republicans and
Democrats, rich men and poor men,
farmers and laborers, and examples
of other strata of American life, the
pollers say they can tell pretty
closely how the remaining Repub-
licans and Democrats, rich men and
poor men, farmers and>laborers will
react to a given issue. -
Government Does 1t, Too
In this country, the Government
probably spends much more on polls
than private groups do.
Questions in which the Govern
ment is interested stretch all the
way from what the CT thinks of the
stew in front of him to what the
Kansas farmer thinks of the
Marshall plan.
Various highly placed people in the
field of opinion polling report that
even the State Department has had
polls taken on important policy
issues. This, however, was neither
confirmed nor denied by the de-
partment when asked.
The War Department conducts
surveys to determine the soldiers
reaction to everything from food to
treatment by their officers. The
army of occupation in Germany and
Austria regularly runs polls asking
the population. for example. do they
Evening star., 1947-10-26

on their Hopper ratings. Sixty-f1ve
of the Nations largest corporations
each pay thousands of dollars every
year into a research combine which
wants to know what the public
thinks about such things as profits,
annual wage, stockholders reports,
collectivism and strikes. In the
Midwest a professor is studying the
sex habits of the Nation. Thus far
his files hold 10000 cases.
Roughly, the field can be broken
up into three categories-polling for
Government agencies, polling on
purely public or social questions by
private groups and polling for mar
keting research or commercial
reasons.
ALI this started in the early '30s.
In 1886, just as it was getting started,
the whole profession almost fell fiat
on its face. That was the year the
Literary Digest predicted ALI Lam
don would beat Roosevelt. The
Digest poll gave Landon Sc per cent
of the vote to A for Roosevelt.
Among pollers, the case is now
classic proof that the size of a
sampling is not enough to insure
accuracy. The Digest based its
prediction on more than 100000
post cards. Experts in the field say
the Digest. missed the boat, not be-
cause 1t didn't have enough re-
sponses. but because the people
polled lacked wide enough repre-
sentation.
Evening star., 1947-10-26

man scientists have raised the sub
marine from the status of sneaking
killer of helpless seamen to power
full combatant ship that may become
king of the seas.
J Predictions have been frequent
since nations began to build subma-
rines, less than so years ago, that
the undersea craft would drive every
other ship from the ocean.
Their weaknesses were too many
for this result, but they painfully
cramped the style of the dread
naughts, which were forced to oper-
ate behind a screen of destroyers.
During World War II the Ger
mans built high-speed submarines
that could stay submerged for weeks
at time, but never got them into
action.
The American Navy is working
intensively on Cd perfecting means
of destroying such craft and (2) i'm
proving the design to carry atomic
missiles, cargo, troops and war
supplies.
Submarines Studied
A huge 15,OO0-ton submarine to
carry airplanes has been suggested,
but many practical difficulties stand
in its way.
The Japanese built a 5,0O0-ton
submarine which carried four
planes, each capable of dropping a
l 800 pound bomb. The planes were
catapulted into the air and after
returning were crash-landed along
side and their pilots rescued.
Even If 15,000-ton submarine
could carry substantial number of
planes, the Navy is not likely to
adopt as standard operating pro-
cedure the smashing up of all planes
after one raid.
Yet building regular fight deck
atop a submarine is problem that
rocks ship designers in their tracks.
Evening star., 1947-10-26

laborators in other parties, and par
ticularly in Foreign Minister
Georges Bidault's new movement,
began to veer away from him. It
was no longer expedient for French
politicians to hitch their political
wagons to a figure who was the
target of most violent attacks from
the powerful Communists and at
the same time had no political ap-
peal among the rank and file OF
voters.
Gen. de Gaulle, who had con-
tributed so much to the liberation
of France, had by this time lostShis
glamour as the legendary knight in
armor. People no longer were
thinking in terms of heroes, but in
the terms of everyday political life:
Jobs, food, democracy, the United
Nations and economic recovery.
Gen. de Gaulle was not an effec-
tive orator. He said what he had
to say bluntly, without sugar coat
(See BROWN, Page C-5J
Evening star., 1947-10-26

think they are better off now than
under Hitler?
Two of the strangest, most daring
public pulse feelers of all time were
conducted by intelligence units in
North Africa and Germany before
D day in Africa or Europe.
Agents slipped into North Africa
to get line on the feeling toward
American and English. In Ger
many, long before the invasion OF
France. they were asking pointed
questions that would give them a
measure on morale among the her
renvolk. The results were used
largely for psychological warfare.
Same All Over
On direct orders of Gen. Dwight
D. Eisenhower, the Owl went into
France right after D day to sound
out the much bombed French on
their attitude toward the invaders:
That operation was headed by Elmo
Wilson, chief of the Owls division
of public studies, who now is director
of research for the Columbia Broad
casting System.
People are the same all over" !"
says Mr.. Wilson. Before we landed,
we were told the Normandy peasants
would clam up and not tell us any
thing. But, like everybody else,
they enjoyed giving us their opin-
ions. People don't like information
questions. They don't want to show
their ignorance. But they'll sound
off with opinions any time"
distributed By the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1947-10-26

will be taken by a new type yes
sci, the guided missile ship.
Two experimental ships are being
constructed, using the unfinished
hulls of other type ships. In the
same way the first aircraft car
riers were converted from other
nulls.
The main weapons of the new
type will be guided missiles and
rockets. The huge ,16-inch rifle,
with its amazing accuracy is OBJ
solete.
The ram jet engine for a guided
missile has done better than $500
miles per hour under test, but years
will pass before it can carry war
head and have a good range.
Rockets are closer. The first big
ship rocket. the Neptune, is sched-
uled for test next year. Capable
of 235-mile range with a light
load, it is designed to teach scien-
lists how to build big rocket weapons
rather than be a weapon itself.
Marking the first such expert
ment, a German W. rocket was
fired last month from the carrier
Midway, but it behaved erratically
and exploded miles from the ship.
One leading admiral said later that
the information obtained could have
been discovered by a little study
and thinking.
Some Defense Problems
Although the Navy does not con-
template arming it's carriers with As
foot rockets, shipboard testing Of the
Neptune will probably be undertaken
on a carrier. The guided missile
ships are a long ways from being
finished.
Defense of all ships, but especially
the guided missile ships, which will
have to carry the brunt of the at
tack, will bring many changes.
Ships will have to be sealed against
radio o-activity, all fighting and navi-
CATION done from below decks. Ra-
dar, antennas, gun directors and
other equipment which cannot with
stand the shock of atomic bomb
blast will have to be strengthened
or made retractable into the hull.
Propulsion by atomic energy has
been predicted variously for the next
five or 10 years. The Navy's best
ships will have to be equipped with
it, bringing such changes as elimi-
mating the smoke funnel, increas-
ing range, providing more space for
armament, probably higher speeds.
With superstructure and funnel
cut down, the capital ship will look
like a submarine and may end up
being just that.
Tremendous strides made by Ger
Evening star., 1947-10-26

few OF the dramatic ideas the Navy
is considering.
Deep In the secret file until very
recently was a development that
seems tame by comparison but is
actually of tremendous Importance
1t is "radac," a revolutionary method
of answering battle questions at the
speed OF light.
Jet Planes for Carriers
Details of radac-rapid digital au-
tomato computation-are locked up
as tight as the Navy knows how, but
the only announcement of its exist
ence compared 1t in military sig
nificance to radar-king of wartime
inventions.
Many advances are long way of.
but even in the next few years the
Navy would not fight a war with the
weapons of World War II.
Carriers are switching to jet
planes. Cruisers are getting com
pletely automatic turrets. Destroy
ers are being equipped with new in
tricate detection devices, submarines
are learning to use the German
"schnorkel," a breathing tube that
allows a sub to stay concealed for
weeks at a time.
None of these inventions played a
part in the war. Their development
is a delayed dividend on war re-
search.
Our original Navy idea was feet
of ships to defend the shores of the
United States against an enemy.
For such a purpose the present-day
powerful fleet has no equal. But if
the United States Is to do anything
about keeping peace in the world
and supporting small nations against
aggression, then a different kind of
fleet is needed.
1t will have to go anywhere in
the world and fight, if need be, not
other ships, but planes and subma-
rines defending foreign shores, per-
haps with atom bombs. 1t will have
to protect and land troops and sup
plies unless atomic war eliminates
the need of an invasion.
Missile Ships Planned
Navy leaders do not say so pub
licly, but their private nightmare
features Russia seizing the Middle
East and Europe with her huge
army and the United States trying
to carve foothold for an expedi-
tionary force by the use Of sea and
air power
Regardless of whether this is d
realistic estimate, the American fleet
is slowly being prepared for such
a mission
The battleship designed to fight
other battleships is dead. It's place
Evening star., 1947-10-26

least as long as men will be needed
on deck and around the planes.
Speed and plenty of sea room are
about the only defense open to
carriers.
Carriers Still Important
OF great interest to airmen are
the highly secret Army-Navy ex-
periments dropping dry ice into
cloud formations. If perfected, this
weather-control system would allow
carrier to clear away clouds to
launch planes. Severe storms might
be diverted from striking a fleet.
Very little has been revealed of
one phase of the war that shortcut
years of trial and error. This was
Operations Research'-the use of
modern mathematics to calculate
war problems.
First used against U-boats, it re-
vealed by statistical analysis sur
prising facts on how to search out
and destroy them. The system was
extremely complicated, but it in
volved translattng into mathematics
the range, speed, characteristics and
habits of the submarines, setting
against this the Allied planes and
ships hunting them and solving the
resulting equation.
Even the uncertainty OF human
behavior was allowed for.
United States scientists brought
this analysis of a number of "ifs'
to a high art and the Navy is in
tently developing "electronic brains"
that can be applied to this sort of
work.
This may be the purpose of radac,
which is known to be computor.
Modern warfare has become so much
a battle of science that machine
to analyze military problems may
overshadow in Importance every
weapon and device perfected since
war began.
(Distribnted nv the Associated presSN
Evening star., 1947-10-26
Communist Forces
Stimulated by De Gaulle
Political Sentiment Displayed oy French
Voters Hailed as Jeopardizing the
Position of Reds in Europe
By Constantine Brown

Throughout the western world the election France OF
Gen. Charles de Gaules
important than polling triumph French
municipal officials.
Many observers IN Europe America for
French revusion against the Pot
Evening star., 1947-10-26
By Robert N. Forrineton

The Navy celebrating its birthday" tomorrow is vigorously
fundamental changes in its 172yer history
fstful of ideas ships
fighting that together promise a revolution warfare
Submgng capital rockets armed with atomic bombs planes
themhese