davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-01-20

highly complex German and Austrian
treaties, whose main issues are expected
to be pretty we'll threshed out by the
deputy foreign ministers, now in session.
If the deputies can dispose of all
issues except those involving top-level
negotiation, 1t will permit the discus
sions on Germany to be conducted as
part of a worldwide peace arrange
ment between the Soviet Union on the
one hand and the Anglo-American-
French bloc on. the other.
There are many reasons for believing
that the giye-and-take on Germany will
be connected directly with the estab-
lishment of certain principles for max
ing peace with Japan, in which Russia
considers herself to be primarily con-
cerned. in spite Of the fact that Japan
was beaten almost exclusively by
American naval and military power.
The Far East political complex Is
one in which Russia has taken
strong hand in past decades and she
is expected to demand much greater
share of control than she now has
with her membership in the 11-power
Far East Commission and four-power
Allied Advisory Council. The extent to
which the United States will be willing
to accept greater Russian participation
will depend to a large extent on Mos
cows willingness to go along with
British and American plans for Ger
many-both politically and economi-
cally.
Little change has occurred in the
status quo of Chinese Russian relations
in recent weeks and no progress has
been made toward settlement of any
of the numerous outstanding Questions,
due principally to marked aloofness
on the part of the Russians. This fact
gives point to the speculation that Rus
sia is awaiting broad-scale settlement
which probably will link the final peace
arrangements In Europe with the be-
ginning of q similar settlement for the
Far East
With Japan already possessing a
national government which can sign q
peace treaty and with Japan already
purged of the greatest part of its mill
taristic element, conditions there are re-
garded in Washington as more satisfac-
tory for the beginning of peace discus
sions than in Germany, where it will be
necessary to establish the government
and obtain leaders for 1t who will be
amenable to the Big Four's demands.
The continuance of sporadic civil war
in China at the same time will probably
force the Chinese question into any Far
East peace discussions, contingency
which Gen. Marshall as Secretary OF
State Is admirably equipped to handle.
Evening star., 1947-01-20
To a Spider Thot Dropped
From q Log in My Fireplace

Small trizened tdngle, stontlv tetgniTg
death:
Bundle OF ttDfsted legs inert as tut:
RelaIt Initiate your uaulted frame NTH
BREATH
Walk forth before the fire calls your
blu1! @@
poud not care to meet you on my
shirt -
or feel the nip OF Sour defensfue bite,
And pet grieUe to see you so inert,
So limp, so mutely paralyzed toith
fright.
Accept this tloig as temporary berth.
pronlise you safe, nnsbaken ride
TO insect hunting field and jdlloD earth :
And all the freedom OF the great
outside. ALICE HARTICH.
Evening star., 1947-01-20
Purt-Time Forming

Recent surveys among those. who
intend to build or buy homes in the
next few years reveal an, interesting
and significant fact. Nearly so per
cent of those now living in crowded
urban areas and who intend to
purchase new homes state they are
planning to move outside popula-
ton centers. The present situation
is part of the socio-economic
movement that got under way after
the First World War. 1t is now ap-
preaching the year and half
mark since the cessation of hosti-
litfes in the Second World War and
two facts are particularly interest
ing to rural sociologists. First, q
great number of veterans have said
they would like to own part-time
farms as homes; second, compare
lively few veterans are interested in
full-Scale farming.
The new pattern of an important
part of our social order seems
destined to develop rapidly in the
next few years. Modern science has
made it possible for countryside
homes to have all the conveniences
of urban living. Expanding busline
service, trains and private cars make
it possible to live considerable dis
tance from ones place of employ
ment. Part-t time farming is not
traditional agriculture as one thinks
of the term. Those who have tried
this way of life and make a success
of it emphasize that the city or town
job comes first.
Part-time farming is an attempt to
find way of life that means more
security. Experts say that it is per-
fectly feasible for a family of four
to raise from $500 to $500 worth of
food with a big garden, COW,
chickens and pig. Community
lockers and home freeze lockers
mean that families can now raise
their own meat for year-round use.
If family owns its home and has
some acreage it engenderS a feeling
of security. Many men feel the.
economic system will fluctuate back
and forth between good times and
lean. They sense a more secure
economic foundation for the lean
times if they are living on the
land. Part time farming will grow
increasingly important in the fu-
ture. 1t is way of life that can
offer much to those who enjoy liv-
ing outside the population centers.
Evening star., 1947-01-20

providing for the banning OF candi-
dates and voters who have contacts
with the illegal underground or coll
laborated with the Germans. This Is
serious, because both charges carry the
death sentence, If proved. Many, ap-
pealing, had to be reinstated, others
others were told they could redeem
their privileges by Voting openly.
This business of destroying party
lists and voters continued under a
variety of bureaucratic devices. In one
village, 80 per cent Of the population
was disenfranchised. None was in
formed why. as the law requires.
Fifth, under the law, commissioners
at the polls must be local men. This
requirement was violated by appoint
ment from provincial authorities, SO
most OF the poll commissioners will
be imported.
Sixth, Article Al of the electoral law
provides that chairmen in each voting
place are responsible for the secrecy
Of the vote. In answer to . written
inquiry, the election commissioner re-
piled, likewise in writing, that he would
so instruct each locality. But this
promise was censored in the press.
Seventh, though the electoral law
provides watchers for each contendtng
party, the government bloc decreed
that all watchers must possess q GER
tificate from authorities appointed by
the county bloc. This Mr.. Mikolajczyk
refused as contrary to law, and so there
will be no opposition watchers at the
count Also contrary to law, voters
lists are not exhibited, so no one will
know how many really are eligible.
- 4
Eighth, these shenanigans have re-
suited in banning the opposition en-
tirely in 10 of the So districts, these
comprising II per cent of the voting
population, all being peasant strong
holds and assuring the bloc Of rs
seats by default.
Ninth, for three weeks the bloc has
cannpaigned for voters-who bring bal
lots with them-to vote openly and
demonStratively, though the law pro-
hibits any demonstrations in or around
the polling places. Employees and fac
tory workers have been instructed to
do so or be fred. Communists have
appointed Troikas- committees of three
each to mobilize 80 voters and to
see they vote openly.
Finally, outright intervention Of the
military in villages and canyassing by
secret police is claimed as unveiled
intimidation.
have Mr.. Mikoiaj jczyk's permission
to quote these charges but have sum-
married them without quotes for COM
preston. It is on these grounds,
understand, that Mr.. Mikolajczyk on
Saturday addressed new protest 20
the Yalta signatories.
Evening star., 1947-01-20
The First Five Treuties

FuDlcaClOn OF the 0nal Ou1clal
texts of the peace treaties with Italy,
a major partner in the former Ber-
lin-Rome-Tokyo Axis" and with
the four former Axis satellites, Bul-
garia, Finland, Hungary and Ro-
mania. is an important diplomatic
landmark on the long and thorny
road to postwar world reconstruc-
ton. The significance of these docu-
ments should be evaluated both in
themselves and in their reference to
other treaties yet to be formulated.
The overall pattern is one of
penalties and reparations, coupled
with restrictions designed to prevent
these defeated nations from again
threatening the peace. All are to
remain effectively disarmed, while
their respective economies will be
burdened with reparations require
ments difficult though not impos-
sible of fulfillment.
Italy is the biggest loser. Stripped
of virtually all territorial gains made
since the attainment of national
unity in 1870, Italy sinks to the level
of third-rate power, dependent for
her very security and integrity upon
international action embodied in the
United Nations, since she will hence
forth be incapable of resisting ag-
gression by her neighbors. The four
ex-satellites also become ciphers in
the diplomatic scale. All this in
wolves a profound shift in the bal
ance of power, alike in the Mediter-
ranean and in South-Central Europe.
In terms of power politics, quasi
vacuum has thereby been created
which will eventually be filled by
other forces.
AS to the intrinsic merits and
workability of the treaties, there
should be few illusions. Concluded
only after seventeen months of
haggling between the great power
victors, they represent a series of
compromises determined by expedi-
ency rather than by principle That
means many sore spots, the out
standing instance being Trieste.
Whether those compromises will
stand in practice depends largely on
the good faith of the victors and the
authority of the United Nations.
The best that can be said of these
treaties is that, once signed and
ratified, they will form the legal
basis for a return to normal life on
the part of these defeated nations.
Furthermore, they will constitute the
prologue for the still more difficult
settlement of Germany. It is an
arguable proposition that the Ger
man problem ought to have been
tackled before those of Italy and the
Axis satellites. However, it was not
done that way; so the main hand
leap to a general settlement of post
war Europe remains to be sur
mounted. It is to be hoped that the
lessons learned in the prolonged and
stormy negotiations over these first
five peace treaties will be taken to
heart when the great powers meet
in Moscow, two months hence.
Evening star., 1947-01-20
French Socialism

The election OF vincent AurlOl by
a joint session of Parliament as first
Presidentaof the Fourth Republic
underscores development already
manifest under the premiership of
Leon Blum. This development, as
salutary as it was unexpected, is the
emergence of the French Socialist
Party as the stabilizing and con-
structive factor in an otherwise un-
satisfactory political situation.
A few months ago it looked as
though French Socialism was headed
for the same disruptive eclipse that
has befallen the Socialist Party in
Italy At the annual party congress
most of the veteran Socialist leaders,
including Leon Blum, who had stood
four square for the maintenance OF
traditional Socialist principles and
against cooperation with the Com
munists, were shelved in favor of
younger and more oppdksunistic
standard bearers. Shortly after this,
the Socialists lost ground in the
parliamentary elections, dropping to
third place in the National Assembly.
That intensified the struggle for
power between the major contest
ants, Communists and Popular Re-
publicans, who were approximately
equal in strength.
Of
deadlock, so pronounced that it
could be logically resolved only
through a compromise on some
middle of -the-road groups. The two
obvious possibilities were the So
oialists and the misnamed Radical
Socialists" in reality old-line liberals
slightly ight-of-center, whereas the
Socialists are trifle left of the CEN
tral dividing line.
The decision in favor of the So
cialists was due primarily to the
party's possession of leaders whose
probity, ability and genuine states
manship were generally acknowl-
edged. But the interesting point is
that those leaders were mainly in
the "Old Guard" which had been
shelved at the party congress. Leon
Blum was recalled from retirement
and authorized to form an all-So-
cialist cabinet despite its minority
status in parliament. The wisdom
of this decision has been attested by
the remarkable record of his brief
stop-gap premiership. And now a
similar decision has been taken by
elevating another Old-Guard So
cialist leader. Vincent Auriol, to the
presidency, where his acknowledged
talent for constructive Cancellation
will have adequate scope.
All this has so enhanced the pres
tige of French Socialism that there
is some prospect of the retention of
Leon Blum as Premier. OF course,
that would enhance an unorthodox
parliamentary situation by entrust-
ing power to minority group. The
alternative would seem to be the in
duction of Edouard Herriot, veteran
leader of the Radical Socialists,
whose ability and craftsmanship are
Outstanding. That would imply an
adjudication of the middle -of-the-
road method to avert showdown
fiRdht between Communists and
Rfghtists, and to keep the French
ship of state on an even keel. The
Evening star., 1947-01-20

abandoning the Gallery. For him re-
tirement will be merely leisure for
further effort, less strenuous perhaps
but not less interesting. His advice
and counsel will be wanted In the
future as they have been in the past.
Meanwhile, Hermann Warner VII
liams, jr, the new director, advan-
tagged by wide study and experience,
will take over" with ample assur-
ance of welcome.
Evening star., 1947-01-20

The right place for the Edison
centennial stamp to go on sale would
be that small Ohio town where his
schoolteacher sent him home with
a note to the effect that he was
"addled."
Evening star., 1947-01-20

All presidential proclamations to
the contrary, many an American
family will not believe the war is
really over until small children grow
up enough to quit making yak-yak-
yak noises about the house in imita-
ton of machine guns.
Evening star., 1947-01-20

continued success of that method
might even reverse the trend toward
irreconcilable extremes which the
recent parliamentary elections had
disclosed.
Evening star., 1947-01-20
By David laurence

(Reproduction Rishts Reserved.)
Evening star., 1947-01-20

Liberation" in Name Only.
Congress of Vienna, revolt and revolu-
ton shook practically every country of
Europe, until the tyrannies and stupidi-
ties imposed on Europe by that Congress
were eliminated, or at least mitigated.
As regards life in Europe Immediately
after 1915, following Europes 'libera-
ton" by wellington and his Tory asso-
ciates, here's what the historian, Emil
Reich, said in lecture at the University
of London: 1.-THE slightest attempt on
the part of any man in Germany or
Italy or Austria to discuss questions OF
| politics, to sing the "Marseillaise," to
publish political poem, to establish the
most inoffensiye social club, to wear
round hat, In one word, to do anything
that the stupid and reactionary instru-
ments of monarchial police might pos
sibly take an offense at, was visited with
! prison, with enormous fines, with the
most degrading searching of house - ="
| The tyranny was as bad in France and
Spain; worse in Poland under the rule
of her Russian "liberator."
The Congress of Vienna should be
suggested to Secretary of State Marshall
as study how not to attempt to build
the peace That recommendation can be
made with another one. To understand
Europe and get factual slant on Euro
pear history avoid British historians
For when 1t comes to Europe. particu-
larly the French Revolution, Napoleon,
|welAngton and Waterloo, British histo-
frians tend to become unmitigated lite
Irary Bilbos Contrary to Mr.. Eliot's Brit
ish source of information, the giant at
the Congress of Vienna was Frances
scoundrel genius. Talleyrand, and not
wellington. Talleyrand drove wedge
between the British and Meternich, and
made monkey of the latter. Without
Talleyrand's activities the work of the
Congress might have proved far more
disastrous.
Maybe Mr.. Eliot has other facts.
That's what I'D like to see.
LAWRENCE DRAKE.
Evening star., 1947-03-01
.Nali Party Records Show
ss18More D. T.. Members

Eighteen more Nazi Party men,
bars. who lived here before Pearl
,Harbpn were listed in two additional
volumes Of the War Departments
"NaN Membership Records" made
.,Mbiic late yesterday.
agThe' volumes were released by
senator Kilgore, Democrat, Of West
Virginia, who was chairman of the
subcommittee on War Mobilization
In the Seventy-ninth Congress.
First two volumes on Nazi Party
membership outside Germany were
given to the committee in March
1916, by Maj. Gen. John H. Hilldring
then director of the Civil Affairs
Division of the War Department
ana were made public then. More
volumes will be forthcoming a.
srdnsl6ticn OF the lists proceeds ir
Germany.
Members in America listed art
mostly small fry-bakers, painters
truck drivers, clerks, musicians
walters and cooks. In Washington
tons6efsnan Embassy officials were
inAudsd. 80
The volumes Just released con.
tain the names of Franz Schulz
chancellor of the German Embassy
Hsribert Won Strempel, counselor o.
the Embassy, and Gerrit Won Haef'
ten, vice Consul.
Evening star., 1947-03-01
Sbabley to Speak
At Club Luncheon

DR.. Harlow shapley, director OF
the Harvard Observatory, and presi-
dent Of the American Association
for the Advancement Of Science,
will be guest speaker at luncheon
meeting of the Women's National
Press Club at pm. Monday at the
MaydoWer Hotel.
DR.. Snapley, who is International
ly famous for his brilliant research
in astronomy. has selected as the
subject of his talk, 'sThe World Of
Tomorrow"
DR.. Shapley also has been one
OF the leaders in the movement to
advance world peace through the
cooperation Of the scientists OF all
nations, and in carrying on this
project. has been entertained at
the Kremlin by Stain.
The speaker, who Is also president
of the National Society OF Sigma Xi,
scientific honor society, will be in
troduced by Mrs. Alice Rogers
Hager, president Of the club.
Evening star., 1947-03-01
CaPPer to Speak
To Kappa Beta P
On DipOrce Bill

Senator Arthur Capper OF Kan
sas will discuss his proposed ma
tional marriage and divorce act at
a meeting Of Omicron Chapter
Kappa Beta ri. international legal
sorority, at $50 pm. Thursday at
the Mayfower Hotel.
The meeting will feature a forum
discussion sponsored by the soror-
lty's Legislative Committee on the
marriage and divorce laws OF the
United States and several foreign
countries.
The committee, headed by Mrs,
Katharine P. Crowley. has compiled
statistics showing that In 1916 three
out Of every five marriages in the
United States terminated in divorce,
1t also found that the leniency OF
some States has made possible "di-
vorce mills" with the required time
Of residence as short as three weeks.
Some other States require as long
as five years and do not recognize
the shorter term divorce laws, which
means legal prosecution for resi-
dents getting out-of-State divorces
Miss Frances Scarderfield will de-
scribe the various State marriage
laws and Mrs. Lillian Harper will
define the divorce laws, pointing out
the incongruities In each.
Assisting Mrs, Crowley on the
committee are Mrs. Sarah Charles
Miss Lille Bontz, Mrs. Felicia Nc
Feeley, Mrs. Ruth Hegarty and Miss
Ida Ais. ~ =, ,nR Il sas
Miss Estel1e Berliner, dean o!
omlcron Chapter, wilt preside q
the meeting which Is open to th'
public. " ii -5.a
Evening star., 1947-03-01
Symphony App|auded
AT Staunton Concert
Special pispoteh TO The stor

STAUNTON, Va, Mar. En-
thusiastic applause greeted the
National Symphony Orchestra last
night when it gave its first perform
ance in this. community at Mary
Baldwin College. DR.. Hans Kinder
conducted before a capacity au-
dience of about 1000.
The program, which opened with
the overture to Mozart's Marriage
Of Figaro" a symphonic favorite, was
balanced with classic and modern
compositions.
For instance, Cesar Franck's
Symphony in D Minor" was Offset
by the suite from the ballet "Gaye-
neh" by Khachaturyan, played fol
the first time here. Against back
ground Of Soviet life, mingled with
the young composers native Arme-
nian culture, this suite unfolds q
story by means Of tones ranging
from a soft lullaby to colorful folk
dances, IS in all. It ends in bril-
liant, dashing pageantry and
rhythm.
The program was concluded with
Rimski- ki-Korsakov's "Cappricio Es-
pasnole."
The audience responded enthu-
siastically to Mr.. Kindler's conduct
ing of his carefully chosen group Of
musicians. -
Evening star., 1947-03-01
DIPLOMATIC Notes

The Romanian Minister and Nine.
Ralea gave a dinner last evening
at the Legation when their guests
were the Italian Ambassador and
Signora Tarchiani, the Swedish
Minister and Nine. Ericsson, the
former American Minister to Buch-
Arrest and Mrs. William Smith Cul-
,bertson, Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel w.
Bell, the press Counselor Of the Ro-
manian Legation and Mime, Vogel
and the Third Secretary, Mr.. Mircea
M. Vasiliu.
Ten American Marine officers re-
ceived decorations yesterday from
the Netherlands Ambassador, DR..
Loudon. Receiving the award of
Grant Officer in the Order of
Orange-Nassau, with the Sword,
were Maj. Gen. William p. T. Hill
and Maj. Gen. Clifton B. Gates.
Brigadier Generals William T. Glenn
ent, Gerald C. Thomas, Oliver P,
Smith and Leonard E. Rea; Col.
Merrill B. Twining and 1t. Col.
William A. Kengla received the dec
orations of Commander in the same
order and with swords. The title
OF Off1cer in that order was be-
slowed on 1t. Col. Wayne H. Adams
and Maj Davis S. Randall.
The Australian Ambassador and
Mrs. Maxim were the dinner guests
OF Mr.. w. D. Lingelbach, IT., in
Philadelphia last evening. Mr..
Lngelbach is president of the Eng
lish Speaking Union, before which
Mr.. Maxim spoke yesterday. The
Envoy and his wife stayed with Mr..
and Mrs. Phillip McCarron, former
ly OF Adelaide, South Australia, the
MakinS' home state.
Evening star., 1947-03-01
Municipal Court Judge.
Given Assignments

Municipal Court bench assign
ments for the five-week period be-
ginning Monday were announced
today by Chief Justice George P
Barse.
In the Criminal Courts: Judge
Ellen K. Raedy, United States
branch; Judge Walter j. Casey, Dis
trict branch; Judge Thomas D.
Quinn, traffic, and Judge John p
Mcmahon, jury.
Civil division: Judge George D
Nelson, central assignment; Judge
Nathan r. Margold, landlord ane
tenant; Judge Nadine L. Gallagher
small claims; Judges Barse, Armone
W. Scott and Aubrey Fennell il
general assignments, and the chic
justice in special assignments ant
pretrials. q
Evening star., 1947-03-01

have been looking forward to such
aid as speeches, research and, above
all, the kind of ideas that the great
Nicholson furnished the Democratic
minority in the Hoover era.
In the States the cry has been for
a national chairman in Washington
who could be reached on the tele-
phone, who has the Presidents ear
and who would keep. the record
clear on facts and on favors done.
They want to be sure they are deal
ing with a real Mr.. Big who has the
keys to the back door OF the White
House.
These desires are imperiled by the
present feuding.
Apparently Mr.. Sullivan's author
ity, which he views as equal to Mr..
Hannegan's were Mr.. Hannegan
here, has been challenged by Mr..
Killion. Mr.. Sullivan is paid more-a
reported $4,000 annually-which is
another sore spot. Differences over
Office space are reported.
Mr.. Killion saw the President last
Friday. MFR. Sullivan then went in.
Edwin Pauley, now reparations COM
missioner, then went to the White
House and championed his protege,
Mr.. Killion, who, like Mr.. Pauley,
has been an extremely successful
money raiser.
The President has patched it up,
at least temporarily. Much will de-
pend on his personal reactions to
Mr.. Sullivan, who has been slated
by some usually well-informed
quarters as Mr.. Hannegan's sue
cessor. Others insist that the Presi-
dent, who is prone to make de-
cisions on the basis of his personal
likes and dislikes, does not incline
toward Mr.. Sullivan. Certainly it
has always been the Presidents pre-
rogative to name his own national
chairman. ..u
Meanwhile the committee is in the
market for another Nicholson, and
they are hard to find,