davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-09-07

members plan to take their wives
with them.
Four members of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee,
headed by Senator Smith, Repub-
lican,, of New Jersey, and five mem
! bers of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, headed by Representa-
tive Mundt, Republican. of South
Dakota plan comprehensive tour
of Europe to study operation of the
State Departments information
program as well as economic recon-
struction problems. Most of this
Joint group plan to leave by air
this week on the trip that will In
clude visits to London, Paris,
Geneva, Luxembourg, Brussels, The
Hague, Copenhagen. Oslo, Stock
holm, Helsinki, Warsaw. Berlin.
Vienna, Budapest, Bucharest, Sofia.
Athens, Istanbul, Rome, Madrid and
Lisbon.
And the Mediterranean
Another House Foreign Affairs
subcommittee of six members, head.
ed by Representative Bolton, Re-
publican of Ohio, plans to sail
aboard the Queen Elizabeth, Sep
tember 18 for more extensive
trip around Europe and the Medi-
terranean area to study questions
pertaining to displaced persons as
we'll as the information program
and economic conditions. Splitting
up into small groups for part of the
time so as to cover more ground.
some members of the subcommittee
are scheduled to visit London. Cairo,
Jiddah, Dahran, Teheran, Tabriz.
Baghdad, Damascus, Aleppo, Beirut.
Jerusalem, Tripo.i. Tunis, Algiers
Casablanca, Rabaut, Tangier, Mar
rakesh. Paris, Rome, Athens, Bel
grade, Sofia, 1stanbul, Brussels, The
Hague, Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin,
prague ana vienna.
The problems of displaced persons
come in for special study In Europe.
along with the International Refu-
gee Organization and the Interna-
tional Trade Organization, by a
three-man special House group
headed by Representative Fulton.
Republican, of Pennsylvania.
Chairman Taber of the House APP
propriations Committee and Repre-
sentative Wigglesworth, Republican.
of Massachusetts are slated to leave
for Europe this week to look into
State Department offices in Austria.
Germany, Great Britain, France.
Belgium, Holland, Greece, Turkey
and Italy.
Representative Hall, Republican.
of New York heads a group OF IL
members of the House Interstate
and Foreign Commerce Committee
planning to leave this week for a
tour of the Pacific area to study the
transfer of aviation facilities and
operating rights from the armed
services to the Civil Aeronautics
Administration.
Nineteen members OF the House
Public Works Committee are sched-
uled to leave later this month to
inspect harbors on the West Coast
and in Hawaii
Evening star., 1947-09-07
Stokes
Continued From Page c-1)

most patriotic and best equipped
men whom we in this country have
ever had in public life"
His career would make Horatio
Alger gasp with envy. He was born
February 7. 1880. on a cotton farm
near Tupelo, Miss. When he was
8 years old the family removed to
Jackson, Tenn. The depression OF
1898 blasted him out Of school and
into a job at the age Of 13. His
nights were devoted to shorthand.
After two years he won a prize as
the fastest fashioner of pothooks
in the South. Having become q
court reporter, he did secretarial
work on the side. Among his GUS
toners were william Jennings
Bryan, who tossed back a speech
for retyping because the margins
were too narrow, and Jerome Hill OF
st. Louis, head of a cotton company
bearing his name.
1t was Mr. Hill who gave the boy
his first leg up and determined the
course of his life He took yosAs
Clayton to st. Louis as his secretary
in 1895, and a year later to New
York, where he lived in French
boarding house In order to learn
the tongue Of Paris. At II he was
private secretary 70 John E. Seares,
president Of the American Cotton
Co. At the age Of 81 he was treas
urer Of the Arm, and at "a Its
assistant general manager.
Barkley Was a Rival
The sudden failure of the Amer
lean Cotton Co. in 1903 and an
attack of pneumonia sent him back
to Tennessee. where he met and fell
In love with a Kentucky girl, Susan
Vaughan. One Of his rivals was
an ambitious young politician, also
from Kentucky. named Alben w.
Barkley. Miss Vaughan announced
that she would marry only future
millionaire or a future President of
the United States. The keen-eyed
belle lost little time in choosing
Mr.. Clayton. who at the moment
was jobless and convalescent. Her
husband became a millionaire many
times over.
Mr.. Clayton won eminence as the
most brilliant cotton operator in.
history. Before he entered the field
America was content merely to grow
cotton. Merchandising Of the staple
was In the hands Of European fac
tors. Mr.. Clayton revolutionized the
business by deposing foreign control
and bringing 1t to the United States.
He started by selling American cot
ton to any country that wanted it.
He ended by selling cotton grown all
over the earth-Brazil, India and
Egypt, for example-in every avail
able market. He acquired the nick
nanns Of Cotton Colossus"
10y 'eis1 y fouIe sffsafeps Post 81 scs.1 H 'h'
Evening star., 1947-09-07
Most of Europe Has Something to Contribute
Look Upon
Germany as Key to
Marshall Plan
By Sherry Bowen

[
Discussion Of the Marshall plan to
date has stressed the need Of Euro
pean nations for help in rehabili-
tating their economics. But the OBJ
jective OF the program is to stimu-
late European production so that it
can be self sustaining.
Fifteen European nations are par
ticipating in preliminary talks.
Most OF them can contribute mate
rally to European reconstruction If
means can be found to restore eff
cient operations.
Austria Has Steel
| Many economists consider Ger
many as the key to the program
Her economy is hampered by war
time destruction and political hob
bles resulting from four-way parti-
ton of her territory by the Allies.
Although the Russian zone cannot
participate in the proposed pro-
gram, German coal mines can con-
tribute one Of the mainsprings for
revival If mine efficiency can be in
creased. Behind the coal is great
industrial power which can become
important, particularly in steel
products If present political stymies
for industrial revival are overcome.
Austria is also war-wrecked and
divided, but her steel and electric
power industries could provide SUBJ
stantial exports and if the Russian
strangle- hold on Austrian oil could
be broken she could contribute even
more.
France has q wide variety Of
manufacturing facilities, but the
country Is fioundering in the eco
nomic doldrums. Her coal, iron
and aluminium ore are important.
Among manufactures, steel, textiles,
chemicals, perfumes and iron prod
ducts are outstanding.
England's Role
English technical skills are well
known. England's ability to con-
tribute an almost endless variety
Of manufactured products to the
European economy is unquestioned.
Economists believe that once she
balances her war-twisted economy,
she can again be q strong point
ia European well-being.
u Belgium, sns q the hss1thAest
Evening star., 1947-09-07

Italy hopes she can export steel
and electric power, both desperate
ly needed by her neighbors. She
is also plagued by surplus man
power, which is critically short In
other European nations, notably
France and Sweden.
The Netherlands plans to export
such necessities as textiles and
chemicals, although war induced
economic descriptions have beer
unusually severe.
Portugal, now a creditor nation
needs no financing, but she needs
the goods she might buy with her
money. She hopes to export such
things as fish, wine, fruit, timber
cork, resin and olive oil.
Swedish steel has the reputation
of being among the best in the
world. Sweden has many important
manufacturing industries to use
that steel. Her paper is desperately
needed In many countries if she can
import coal. stop using wood for
fuel and re-establish her paper
p2a1stA
Evening star., 1947-09-07

The expressed intent Of the new
company marks the first substantial
venture OF the so-called American
independents into the foreign field.
Heretofore most of our venture op-
erations have been conducted by
aff1liates OF the Standard, Gulf or
Shell groups with Sinclair recently
transferring part Of its attention
from South and Central America
into development of the Ethiopian
concession.
Every one recognizes" Mr.. Davies
declared in revealing his company's
purpose, that the security and we'll
being of the United States depend
upon ample and continuing supplies
of petroleum products. There can
be no assurance that all Of these
necessary supplies can be derived
wholly from domestic sources. 1t is
therefore obviously in the national
interest that we have access to oil
resources beyond our shores. To
this task, the American Independent
Oil Co. proposes to devote its effort" "
That the new group does not
anticipate complete and cordial well
come from competitive major Amer
ican concerns Is implied in his
added remark.
Gulf on the Scene
"We believe" he said, that the
major concession holders will,
themselves, benefit, particularly
from the standpoint Of their rela-
tionships with the public and the
Government, by the introduction of
wholesome rivalry into areas where
control is now concentrated"
One of these major concession
holders-Gulf, half owner Of the
Kuwait concession-already is on
the spot for bargaining its way into
the neutral zone Arabian-Amer-
lean, jointly owned by Standard of
California and the Texas Co., is
not believed actively. interested in
the additional concession in view
Of the magnitude Of its investment
In Saudi Arabia. It is, in fact,
in the process Of spreading its In
vestment by selling q minority in
terest In its operation to Standard
Oil Of New Jersey and Socony-Vac-
uum,
Evening star., 1947-09-07

Two other concerns Of substantial
non American backing already are
in the open in their interest in the
neutral zone.
First of these is the Iraq Pc
troleum Co., a composite group In
which British interests amount tc
521a per cent. This percentage Is
broken down between Anglo-Iran-
ian (23A), Shell (23A) and a Mr.
C. s. Culbenkian Is per cent?
French interests, represented BY
Compagnie Francaise des Petroles
have 23A per cent interest in I
P. c. and the remaining 23% pei
cent is owned Jointly by the Amer
ican firms, Standard Of New Jer-
sey and Socony-Vacuum.
The Burmah Oil Co., Ltd, Brit
ish owned, is the second non-Amer-
ican concern already in the bid
ding.
Hears All Bidders
Up to this point the Sheikh oi
Kuwait has maintained only q
ready willingness TO listen to al
bidders and has indicated no haste
in making his decision. He has
had opportunity since development
of the Burgan field in 1888 to ap-
preciate the financial advantages
of sovereignty over an oil-rich des-
ert and he probably realizes full
well that competitive market will
send the offers higher before they
go lower.
On surface 1t would appear that
British interests have an inside
track on the deal because of q
treaty relationship which give:
them substantive control over the
foreign relations of the otherwise
politically independent sheikhdom
of Kuwait. 1t has been demon
strated in the past, however, thai
Middle East oil participation L
not entirely one-way proposition
and that for reasons Of their owr
the British are not completely
averse to welcoming American &C.
tivity.
One Of these reasons, perhaps, is
the fact that an American invest
ment stake already estimated to
reach $4,000, 900, 900 in the next few
years is bound to be something OF
Evening star., 1947-09-07
Br0un
Continued From Page C-1.)

In Asia. Stain joined Germany in
1899 principally because he knew
the formidable strength OF the Nazi
military machine and the unbeliev-
able weakness of the military forces
of the western nations. He hoped
to put into effect Russia's i'm
perialistic policy in a portion of
Eastern Europe, the Middle East and
possibly India.
II Is true that the late President
Roosevelt had some misgivings
shortly before his death as to the
actual intentions of Stain. This is
being confirmed by some Of his in
innate advisers who read in his ex-
pressed desire to keep at least l.
100000 troops in Europe for an in
definite time an indication that
these troops and airplanes might be
used not only to police Germany but
also to help write what Mr.. Roose-
welt expected to be fairly fair
peace treaties.
The late President had begun to
lose his illusions about Honest Joe
after Yalta but so far as it is known
he left his successor no political tes-
lament outlining the conduct of the
American Government after the
Avis wax defeated
The problem before us today is
painful but simple: All the diplo-
matte methods have been exhausted.
We are on the verge of another war
against q power predominantly
Asiatic which is in the hands of as
ruthless dictatorship as the world
has ever seen since the days OF
GenghiS Khan. The only method
of preventing another clash of arms
In which we shall face that power
almost alone is an immediate recon-
struction Of our air and ground
forces. 1t will be costly PROPOSE
ton, costly particularly because IL
may have to be continued for some
time.
But the expenditure and incon-
veniences to our citizens is far less
than not being prepared for the
worst. In our present state of mill
tary disintegration we risk some
thing tncomparably worse than
Pearl Harbor. We were caught
mapping on December 8, 1s41, al
though the Government knew since
1887 what the Japs had in mind
But we had time to wake up and
get to work. 1t is highly question
able whether we shall have time tc
awake If we are caught mapping
again. And there can be no excuse
for being asleep when the Govern
nent has In its hands so many
positive warnings Of the KreHlin's
inaentsonA
Evening star., 1947-09-07
u. S. Dickers for New Oil Riqhts
Persian Gulf Neutral
Zone Nay Be Of
Great Value
Bx John c. Henry

American oil interests are about
10 make determined effort to ac-
quire production rights in what may
be the last great free and concen-
trated oil reserve In the il-wealthy
Middle East.
The area under consideration is a
relatively small corner Of the
Arabian Peninsula-a so-called
neutral zone sandwiched in at the
head OF the Persian Gulf between
the sheikhdom Of K,lwait and the
kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In land
area 1t comprises about 2,700 square
miles and Is under the joint political
influence Of Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia.
Actually, only half Of this small
territory Is at stake in present con-
sideration since the southern por-
ton under Jurisdiction Of the Saudi
Arabian government already has
been blanketed into the great 440,-
0O0-square-mile concession of the
Arabian-American Oil Co.
May Be Prize Package
Strict geographical comparisons
are misleading, however, and the
tiny area in question-only slightly
larger than the State Of Rhode
Island-may be Of great value. Two
elements lead to this conclusion
with sufficient force to prompt both
American and British interests to
enter into either tentative or full
f1edged negotiations over the con-
ceSSion.
First of these factors Is the To-
cation of the territory between the
proven oil areas Of Kuwait on the
north and Saudi Arabia on the west
and south. Already operating in
Kuwait is the Kuwait Oil Co., Ltd,
so per cent owned by the Anglo
Iranian Oil Co. (British) and so
per cent owned by the Gulf Oil Co.
Omitted States. The Kuwait con-
cession is centered in the Burgan
field, pronounced by oil experts as
probably the largest single oil field
yet discovered in the world" The
potentialities of the Saudi Arabian
concession are beyond question and
four richly productive fields already
are in operation by the wholly
American owned company. No ge-
illogical testing has yet taken place
in the neutral zone but the circum-
stantial evidence Is considered con-
elusive.
The second factor in estimating
the ultimate value of this open con-
cession is the potentiality of the
tidal waters bordering the area. AS
it happens the Persian Gulf at this
point is relatively shallow and since
it has already been established that
there Is underwater oil in other
portions of the gulf there is little
reason to believe the neutral zone
waters are barren. Underwater
drilling has been proven feasible.
New Company Interested
Expected to be most aggressive
among American companies in their
interest in this neutral zone con-
cession is the new American Inde-
pendent Oil Co., a $100,000000 cor
poration created in mid-August for
the announced purpose of engaging
in foreign petroleum operations,
particularly in the Middle East"
Incorporators are a group of II
independent companies already
established in the domestic field,
with Phillips Petroleum probably
the leading unit. Assets are esti-
mated in excess Of billion dollars
and Ralph K. Davies, wartime dep
uty petroleum administrator and
former vice president Of Standard
OIL Co. of California, is head Of the
new concern.
Evening star., 1947-09-07

effective center Of the world, stimu-'
lated Its inhabitants to multiply
by nearly 400 per cent.
But ever since World War I, Eu-
rope has been losing its pre-
eminence in wealth, power and op-
portunity. So D population which
could have been supported in ease
and comfort during the gold age
before 1914 is far in excess Of
what can be nourished under the
harsh conditions Of today.
One Major Outlet
Unless Europe's human excess Is
to perish miserably by famine, dis
ease and internecine warfare, the
only alternative is migra tion-and
migration or a scale far surprising
even that of the 10Th and early
Goth centuries. That is what many
millions Of Europeans today are
eager TO do-leave their harassed
homeland continent for new and
more hopeful climes.
But whittier? The United States,
the preferred goal of migrants in
earlier times, is now economically
mature and no longer welcomes
large-scale immigration. Britain
possesses satisfactory outlets in Its
dominions and colonies. But the
peoples on the European continent
have no such ready-made haven.
Overpopulated Asia Is, Of course,
out Of the question, while Africa
can at present take care of rela-
lively few European migrants. The
major outlet is obviously South
America.
This southern half Of our hemi-
sphere Is a continent with an area
of roughly 6,500,000 square miles.
That Ia considerably more than
twice the size of our own United
States, yet Its present population
10 only about 10000, 000-approxi-
mately two-thirds of ours. This
would indicate room for a vast
population increase-an indication
borne out by known facts South
Americas natural resources, which
in the aggregate are probably as
rich as ours, are as yet relatively
undeveloped. Potential opportuni-
ties abound, Of which Europeans
could take good advantage.
Mostly Undeveloped
Indeed, they have already done
so on large scale in the southern
regions of the continent. Argen-
tina and Uruguay, together with
the southern provinces of Brazil,
owe their present prosperity chiefly
to the millions Of European i'm
migrants who poured in there since
the middle of the 1G.h century and
transformed these SccLc:?s from al
most uninllatited wilderness to
centers' of wealth and progress.
However, all thee regions, taken
together, represent only TIE south
eastern fringe ,ef the continent. Most
of South America remains relatively
undeveloped and backward. The
question thus arises why similar
European influx throughout the rest
of the continent could not produce
the same beneflcent results there,
besides easing Europe's overcrowd-
ings.
Unfortunately, the answer is sub
ject to many qualifications. To be-
gin with. Argentina, Uruguay and
Southern Brazil were striking rep
licas of our own West at the be-
ginning of the 10Th century.
They had temperate climates and
Evening star., 1947-09-07
Every Third Congressman
WillMake a Trip Abroad
Hundred and Twenty-Five House Members
and Forty.Seven Senators Are Listed
for Official Foreign Travel
By Sornett D. Horner

Nearly onethird Of the Nations
parts Of the world official business between
their involve business
described critically
the country should
Of world problems
Evening star., 1947-09-07
South America Has Space
For Migrating Europeans
Our Neighbor Continent Rich in Potential
Opportunities and Is Sparsely Settled
In MANY of Its Livable Areas
by Lothrop Stoddord

whether destined for nr destruction in the
third world certain that
WoI H. During that
overpopulated its population
developments 10Th
and popery when Europe the
Hungry Horse news and Columbian. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1946-1948, 1947-11-07
Sacony flannel havelogue suat 1896

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the ticket in this beautifully GRATED, pure wod
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Hungry Horse news and Columbian. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1946-1948, 1947-11-07

Mr. and Mrs Dick Ball, Coranl,
entertained Mr. and Mrs Vern Matt
son, White Earth, with an elk
steak dinner Tuesday evening.
Mr. and Mrs Frances Wayne,
Great Falls, have bought the Hill
lis place on the road to the ranger
station. Welcome to our commun-
ity.
The Fountain is installing new
automatic floor furnace.
Mrs Albert Neiskens, Bozeman,
arrived Wednesday to help her
sister, Mrs Martin Miller, move in
to their new house on Greene
Heights.
Mrs William Uphaus, Glasgow,
and Mr. and Mrs Don Donavan and
children, Avondale, returned Tu-
esday to their homes after a two
weeks visit with their parents, Mr.
and Mrs Bonnie Sather.
Mr. and Mrs James Cumming
and Mel Ruder, Columbia Falls,
called at the v E Greene residence
Tuesday evening.
Jake Chambers, Ross, N. OAK,
is visiting his brothers this week.
Ken McPhee has sold his resi-
dence to Mr. and Mrs Mike McAnd-
rews.
Mrs J ] Hill entered the White
Hungry Horse news and Columbian. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1946-1948, 1947-11-07
HUNGRY HORSE NEWS
fish hospital this week.

fish hospital this week.
Martin City fire department has
installed an oil stove in the fire
hall. mo loafing."
To the women of M G who are IN
terested in organizing Prespy-
terrain woman's society is extend
ed this invitation to meet at the
home of Mrs B R Luding next Thur
sday afternoon.
Roman was we'll represented at
the Martin City Fireman's dance
Saturday evening with the Earle
Hollingsworths, Bud Chefs; Rex
Chefs; Herman Byrds; Julia De-
.mers, and Bill Pumalas, all form
er Roman residents entertaining
the Alton Ingrahams, Evan KIM
mels; Tip Leightons; Richard Sim
mons, Myrt Bowmans and CleH
Trollope, all Roman residents.
Mr. and Mrs Jess Rogers, sons
Bob and Bill, Missoula, were week
end guests at the home OF their
daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and
Mrs Vern Chef.
Miss Viola Chef was hostess at
Halloween party last Thursday
EVENING" A scavenger hunt and
games were enjoyed.
Hungry Horse news and Columbian. [volume] (Columbia Falls, Mont.) 1946-1948, 1947-11-07
Dance and Win A Lot

good support.
The Fireman's dance last Satur-
day night was well attended. There
will be another dance this coming
Saturday and the annual Fireman's
ball will be held November 20. At a
meeting Monday night they voted
to have student prices for the
younger crowd.
Mr. and Mrs Henry johnson and
daughter, Roberta, Fairbanks, AL
aska, and Johnny Murphy and
daughters, Whitefish, were call
ers in Martin City Saturday.
Those who attended the dance
Saturday night from Roman were
Mr. and Mrs Tip Leighton; Mr. and
Mrs Alton Ingraham; Mr. and Mrs
o E Kimmel; Mr. and Mrs Clell
Trollope; Mr. and Mrs Myrt Bow
man and Mr. and Mrs Chuck ST.
mons.
Mr. and Mrs Vern Mattson, White
Earth, N. Oak. have bought the
Glen Bell residence and are get
ting a truck load OF lumber planed
to take home.
Mr. and Mrs S A Hinerman spent
several days at Bigfork visiting
their daughter and family and do
ing a little salmon fishing.
Mr. and Mrs Lytle, Whitefish,
were here on a business Monday.
They plan to spend the winter in
California.
Mr. and Mrs Sally Rand and Mr.
and Mrs v e Greene were in Ro-
nan on business Tuesday.
The Otto Opsahl family have mo-
we'd in their new residence on Car
IL Ann avenue.
Mr. and Mrs Roy Meadows ret
lrned from Lone Pine Monday
where they had spent the past
week.