davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
BITING Err LUTHERAN PARISH
Curt Ii. Rune. Pastor

Jenn.ngs-9:45, service: "The Ways
of True Love" 1915, Sunday School.
Bittinger-1O:OO Sunday school;
11:00, Worship; "The Sacrament of
Baptism" 500 p. M, Children's Day
program.
Meadow Mountain-1:3O Sunday
school; 2:30, service: Prepare for
Eternity"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
BETHEL METHODIST CHURCH
Mt. Lake Park, Md.
wv ID
w. Reece Burns, pastor

Morning worship and sermon, 1000
a. M; Sunday church school, II a. M. !;
Choir rehearsal, Friday, p. m.
Kurtz Chapel - Sunday church
school, 1890 a. M; Morning worship
and sermon, 1870 a. m.
Pleasant Valley-Sunday church
school, 10 a. M; Evening worship and
sermon, 8 p. m.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
ST. PAUL'S METHODIST CHURCH
Rev. Denver {. Pickens, DID,, Pastor

9:3G a. M, Church Sunday school,
F.. Ray Jones, general superintendent,
in charge. Glasses for everyone from
the youngest to the oldest.
1915 "a. M, Morning worship. Ser
mon by DR.. Pickens, subject, Like
Home-Like Children" The Senior
and Junior Choirs will sing the an
them, "Praise Ye the Lord, Ye
Heavens Adore Him." by Haydn, and
the Junior choir viii sing Hugh
Blair's composition, Come Sing With
Holy Gladness."
$50 p. M, Youth Fellowship Meet
ings.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
MT. LAKE BAPTIST CHURCH
Rev. James Macleod. Pastor

1000 a. NJ, Sunday School. Glasses
for all age groups. 700, Baptist
Training Union; 500, Evening wor-
ship with sermon by the pastor; 500
Tuesday, midweek prayer service.
Ferndale, 1000, Morning worship
and sermon; 11:00, Sunday school;
500, Wednesday, midweek prayer
service.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
FULL GOSPEL CHURCH
Deer Park, Maryland
Rev. III. Paul Robinson. Past,

GAS am. Glasses for all ages. Mr.
German Bowser, superintendent.
10:45 am. Morning Worship. 1870
pm. Evening Evangelistic service.
Thursday, 1880 pm. prayer meeting
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
ACCIDENT LUTHERAN PARISH
English Evangelical Lutheran
Churches
Rev. Robert Johns. Pastor

Rev. KObert Johns. castor
Church Services-St. Paul's, $3.50
a. M; Grace, 11:00 a. M; st, Johns,
500 p. m.
Sunday School Services-St. Paul's,
1880 a. M; Grace, 1000 a. M; St
Johns, 700 p. m.
Luther League-St. Paul's, 1880
p. m.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
DEEP GREEN BAPTIST CHURCH
Rev. George III. Cocker. Pastor

Sunday school at 1000 a. m.
Morning worship at HOO a. m. The
pastors subject to be MANS Trinity
of Sim"
BTU. at 6:45 p. M, and evening
sermon at 500 p. m.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
Press One Button for
Salt, Other for Pepper

WASHINGTON. - Oscar H.
Crowell has patented a tWo-com-
partment salt and pepper shaker
which has a button on each side
Press one, and out rushes salt
Press the other, and out f1utters
pepper.
Press both and you salt and pep
per in one deft shake-a time
saver-if there ever was one.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05

The Agriculture department warned
that destructive droughts and dust
storms would return to the great
plains sooner or later, probably with
in five years.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
Sunday Services in the Churches
of The Community
ST. MATTHEW'S EPISCOPAL
Rev. Austin Schiidwachter, Rector

St. Matthew's, Oakland, 500 a. n.,
Holy Communion; 11:00 a. M, SER
vice and sermon; 10 a. NJ, Church
School.
Anderson Chapel, Swanton, $3.50 a.
M, service and sermon.
St. Johns, Deer Park, 4:15 p. m.,
service and sermon.
Our Fathers House, Altamont, 7:30
p. M, service and sermon.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
UNION HOLINESS TABERNACLE

Saturday services over public ad-
dress system at 7:3O. Young peoples
meeting Saturday evening at $50.
Sunday school at 2 o'clock. Preach
ing at 300 and 1880.
Young peoples meeting Sunday
evening and Tuesday evening at $50
Prayer services Tuesday evening at
7:30.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05

Miss Wilarlie Dewitt, Columbus.
Ohio, spent the weekend with her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Whitfield De-
Witt.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
RED HOUSE LUTHERAN PARISH
Rev. A. X. Jones, DID,, Pastor

This Strange Disease of Modern
Life" is the subject of the sermon by
the pastor at St. Johns church next
Sunday morning at HOO o'clock.
"None else can heal all our souls
diseases" This is a reference to
Christ our true Friend and faithful
physician.
The monthly meeting of the Church
Council next Tuseday evening at 500
o'clock.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05
THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST
Bishop Dan H. McAllister, Pastor
Oakland. MARYLAND

Sunday School, 1890 A. NJ; evan
gelistic service, 1880 pm; Bible study
and prayer meeting, Wednesday at
1880 pm; Young Peoples service,
Friday evening at 1880. All welcome.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-06-05

A worldwide series of airplane
wrecks within few days took ia
lives.
Evening star., 1947-11-27
Probation Office Here
Reports Case Work
Heaviest in 7 Years

The Municipal Court probation
Office yesterday experienced it,
kheaviest turnover Of cases in more
than two years, with 80 defendants
either referred to the office for
study or reported to the courts for
sentencing.
Joseph N. Sanford, chief probation
officer, said the days volume re-
fected the steady increase which
has been noted since last July. Mr.
Sanford pointed out that. since then,
his Office has been processing about
rs cases a month more than in
previous months.
This increase, he explained, repre-
sents the equivalent of "a good
months work" for two additional
probation workers.
OF the 10 cases reported out yes
terday, nine defendants were grant,
ed probation on the Offices recon-
mendations, which in most cases are
needed by the judges. The remain
der received fines totaling $70O or
Jail terms ranging up to 180 days.
Judge Walter J. Casey alone passed
sentence on 13 of the defendants.
A total of 13 cases were referred
to the Office yesterday-five by Judge
Thomas D. Quinn, four by Judge
Almond w. Scott, three by Judge
John P. Mcmahon, and one by Judge
Nathan r. Margold.
The types of charges involved in
cluded negligent homicide through
larceny, assault, weapons carrying
false pretenses, drunkenness, dis
orderly conduct and traffic viola.
tions. One was the case of the man
who went joyriding in a streetcal
early yesterday.
! Mr.. Sanford attributed the in
Evening star., 1947-11-27

nounced the show was open to the
public. It consists of 80 large
panels Of many unpublished photo
graphs which depict efforts made
to protect and salvage the cultural
heritage Of Europe.
Evening star., 1947-11-27
Prof. Dewuld to Lecture
On Allied Art SuIvuoe
Ry the Assoeioied Press

ANNAPOLIS, Nov. 27.-Prof. Err
nest r. Dewald, of Princeton Uni
versity, will lecture on Fine Arts
Under Fire" picture exhibition
illustrating Allied armies preserva-
Evening star., 1947-11-27

ion and salvage Of art treasures,
December 10 at st. Johns College
The lecture is being given in con-
nection with a Photographic show
n the college library.
President John S. Kieffer an
Evening star., 1947-11-27

creased business TO the general rise"
of criminal offenses as reflected in
| the courts,
The frontiersman., 1947-08-06
fRetC HERS ARf DIFF FRENT

The Frontier sman, being unaware of the habits of: tfredghters, last week accused the Jumper Hitch of dawd- ling when the big ship actually mo or ed here four days ahead of schedules v
 accustomed, to the Denali's five = day dashes' fr om Seattle, an l8 = day trip up seemed a little lem gthy to the un inform ed. However the Jum- per Hitch left Seat- tie carrying a deck load, and she dis cnarged Tn several ports before arr iv ing here.
 When the Jumper Hitch left Se1dovia she was bound for Ke- mai and other Cook Inlet cannery DOT ts, where she or igtnally had been scheduled to call before the Sel- dovia stop.
The frontiersman., 1947-08-06
SUNDAY: PARTY FOR MRS SWAIN

A group of fri ends met at the home of Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Swain last Sunday ev- ening for 8 .surpr ise birthday < party for Mrs. Swain. The ev- ening was spent p] ay-. ing games and conclu-.. ded with the serv ing. of refre shments.
 among those who gather ed to honor. Mrs. Swain on her birthday were: ::
 Mir. and Mr s. C. E. Epps, Mrs. Rhoda Si- ger, Dr.. and Mrs. Melvin Beltz, Mir. and Mrs. Bernard Bowen, Miss Peggy Daigan, Mr. and Mrs. Gene Wadsw or tn, Mr s. Grace Tayl or. Miss Mar jor ie Johns on, Kenneth Ray,
The frontiersman., 1947-08-06
EOUR CD SCUTH NEXT. WEEK
Se1dov ians

o v A oSS 4 oLAS "A4S plan to: le ave. for the, states on the .Denal |, this weekend are M .. and Mrs. Lou n1exan- der and daughter Lou ise and Nidge Eng fish. Mr.. and Mrs. 4.lexander will. go to their former home in Shelton, 'Wash., where MT. Alexander will enter the hospi tai.
 Midge plans to go to Billings, Mont., where she will e con- tInue her high school educ,atiOn.
The frontiersman., 1947-08-06

Mrs. Frances Pat ton
 and S on Kenny, Mrs <. Nelda Calhoun, Mi sses Mary nm and Norma Swain and Mrs. Vivian
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
Follow Pattern
Pa. State Legion
Urges

NEW YORK The thousands
of delegates to the American Le-
gion's 10Th Annual Convention in
New York City were urged
by the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored Peo-
pie to follow the example of the
Legion's Pennsylvania state con-
vention which recently went on
record against discrimination, in
the armed forces and which ask
ed the government to withhold
financial aid to educational insti-
buttons which discriminate because
of race or creed. The NAACP's
message to the convention vigor-
ously urged that the Legion in
its resolution on national defense
include a provision against segre-
cation in the armed forces based
upon race or color.
In its statement to the Ameri-
can Legion's national commander
Paul Griffith, the NAACP stated
sailors in al wars, and particular
The record of Negro soldiers ana
sailors in all wars and particular
ly in the last conflict when manv
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
Farm Loss Still
Stands At Nearly
Three Millions

Although the South shows a
net wartime farm migration loss
Of nearly three million, white and
colored farm people, within the
last two years it has offset al
most so percent Of this decline
through the return of veterans
from the armed forces and thru
a higher birth rate, according to
estimates of the Bureau of Agri-
cultural Economics of the u. S.
Department of Agriculture
BAE estimates the national farm
population at 27550,000 as of jan
uary of this year. This is $780,
900 greater than 1t was in 1915
Men returning from the armed
forces made up the most irnpor-
tant source of the increase. Yet
despite the increase, the farm po-
pulation is still nearly 0 percent
smaller than it was before the
war. Largely responsible for the
decrease is the population decline
on the still over crowded farms
of the South.
During tho war the South's farm
population was reduced by 3,287,-
900, or 20 percent. Heaviest losses
occurred in Arkansas. Louisiana
Oklahoma, and Texas.
And since the war, fewer farm
people have returned TO these
States than to any other In the
See FARM LOSS--page four
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
Bass, ST. Passes

w. H. Bass, ST., leader in So
cial work, prominent in church
affairs, retired mail clerk, and
faithful father and husband re-
ceived the last honors his fellow
citizens could pay last Monday at
two O'Clock. His long and active
services to the community were
COMMUNICATED in the eulogy by
Reverend Upton. pastor Of Wes-
ley. The choir which he trained
for many years sang his reulqem.
Dubisson Undertaking firm hold
ing his friends of many years
were in charge. His son, w. H.
Bass, Jr., Secretary of the Urban
League, which the father also SER
we'd on occasions, and his daught-
er, Mrs. Louise Bass Matthews.
wife of a popular Texas physician,
who is chairman of one of the
Divisions Of the Texas Medical
Association, were both present.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
jRB Jim CROW LEGION ASKED
Abe. Opens With Marked
improvements ALAS Term

ing buildings on the campus.
Interesting in this connection is
the fact that when President
Coggs presented a budget at the
beginning of the last school year
100000 smaller, it was thought
that its realization would DO i'm
possible.
The new dining hall, one OF the
government buildings referred to,
is a thing Of beauty. The kitchen
in addition to al the commonly
known devices, has equipment
which the reporter had never
seen before in any kitchen. The
chef who handles it will have to
have the equivalent of a masters
degree in Home Economics to
know how to use it. The kitchen
floor of concrete is beautifully
tinted, and the wall is fireproof.
The adjoining dining hall will be
the most beautiful room in which
the students have eaten. The old
dining hall and kitchen have been
turned over to the domestic
science department. A separate
building gives continuous cafeteria
See A. b. C. OPENS-Page 4
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
Negro Jockey
Shows Heels
TO BIueb|oods

Wilbert Breland, a FLOODED
brown-skinned jockey last season
showed the heels of five mounts
to white riders in blueblood stee-
plechasing events according to a
feature in October Ebony which
reveals that the colored horseman
is one of the sports recognized
stars.
Breland's love of horses led to
his giving up a promising career
in music to ride show horses for
the James Andrews stables of
Orange. Virginia, Ebony declares.
The skill he developed in this field
made him a natural for steeple-
chasing and he contracted to ride
tor Florence Ambrose Clark S
stable as jump jock.
But his first race in 1941 al
most proved disastrous" Ebony
points out. He was leading the
field when a riderless horse cut
in front of him as he was about
to take a jump. Breland was spill
cd and knocked unconscious. frac-
turing his shoulder blade, three
ribs, and left leg"
The plucky foot inch rider
came back after 10 months in a
hospital to ride to his present
fame. His goal, Of course, is to
boot home a winner in England S
Grand National, race in which
he has ridden but not yet won.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
STEAMSHIP LINE SUED
FOLLOWING ASSAULT

NEW YORK CITY - II h e
legal Department OF the National
Association for the Advancement
Of Colored People announced that
it would take immediate action in
behalf of a Negro messman who
was brutally assaulte by white
crewmember aboard the Luken-
back Lines SIS James Fenimore
Cooper. NAACP atty, Louis r.
Harolds disclosed that he has
been assigned to represent the
messman, Joseph DeBlanc, in a
$4,000 damage suit against the
Luckenbach Steamship Lin e S,
charging that II acted wrongfully
in continuing in its employ a per-
son holding dangerous views and
OF incorporate and violent habits.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
BY s. s. Taylor


Arkansas Baptist College, Six
teenth and High Streets, T, W.,
Coggs, president, will register a
new high in material equipment
when it opens its doors again to
its students on September IL. The
first cause of this progress is that
the institution had for its use last
year total of $113.89663 in cash
or the equivalent of cash.
Among the principal eontribu-
tors to this sum we're. The Ark
ansas Missionary Baptist Conven-
ton Consolidated, Reverend F. T.
Guy, president, and its auxiliaries,
S37, 1862; the Southern Baptist
Home Mission Board, 52400.00;
The Arkansas Baptist State Con-
vention, white, $22879 the Ma
tional Baptist Convention Incor-
porated, Sl05.00; the Pulaski Coun-
ty Baptist Association, white,
$4,000; the State Woman's Mis-
.sionary Union white, $l5000 the
National Arkansas Baptist College
Club, 1888 90; and the FWA (US)
which spent approximately $780,
10000 in transferring and re-erect-
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
From Shreveport Sum

SHREVEPORT, La. - George
Doyle, IS, seriously wounded his
step-son, Emmett Abram. 36, and
later killed Patrolman II. M. Jack
Ogle, 80, before he was slain by
Patrolman E. w. Comfy, 80, police
companion of Ogle, Sunday morn
ing at Doyle's home on East To-
peka street.
The officers first went to Doyle's
home about Ills p. m. Saturday
night with Detective E. l.. Fester-
wand to investigate the shooting
of Abrams who was shot three
times in the chest, stomach and
shoulder.
Doyle was not found Neigh
bors called about $50 to inform
the officers that he had returned.
Police reports state that Ogle
went to the front and Comfy to
the back door. Doyle was stand
ing in the front room with a shot
gun in his hands. He is reported
to have fired both barrels into
Ogle's upper chest and arm when
the officer told him to drop the
shotgun.
The officer, though staggered
flred four shots at Doyle Two
passed through his body. A pis
tol shot from Doyle struck the
officer below the heart and pass
ed through the right side of his
body causing his death.
Comfy ran around the house.
found Ogle lying partly on the
porch and partly inside the room
He fired six shots through the
screen door. One entered Doyles'
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
c | 7 Y
EDITION
Gov. Praised
For Action
Against Mob

ASHEvILLE. N. C.-(WDI) -
Governor r. Gregg Cherry =
North Carolina was praised -
the Workers Defense League
pressing for conviction of mobat.
ers who attempted to kidnap Goa.
win Bush from the Northampton
county jail last May and lynch
him.
In describing The Ner4hamptoa
county iury's failure 10 indict N
seven accused a. = miscarriage u
Justice you expressed the view
of freedom-loving people in our
state Joe Felmet, IEDL field Sec
rotary wrote the governor. r
hope you will succeed In your
plan to secure an indictment n
another county"
The governor said: ''undoubted-
ly crime has been committed bv
those who entered the Jackson
Jail, and one of the members a
the mob had confessed the crima
The jury should nave found i
true bill so that the evidenee
could have been heard IN open
court"
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05

DALLAS, Texas - From all in
Selma, Alabama will not retire as
dications DIR. D. V. Jemison of
president of the National Baptist
Convention, USA, Inc. when it
convenes in Kansas City next
week. Several reports are circula-
ting as usual, that he will retire
and that DR.. J. H. Jackson, pas
tor at Olivet in Chicago is can
didate and will run against DR.
Jemison if he does not retire. Dr.
Jackson has already mailed out
hundreds of personal letters an
nouncing he is a candidate if Dr.
Jemison retires. Because Of the
recent death of DIR. A. L. Boone
OF Cleveland, Ohio who was vice.
president-at-large it is rumored
and almost conceded by those in
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
WDL Backs Actors
In Fight To
End jimcroW

NEW YORK CITY -- (WDL)-
At the request Of Actors Equity
Association--AFL, the Workers
Defense League has written all
members of the board of COVER
nors of the League of New York
Theaters urging that they support
the actors demand for ending the
ban on Negroes at the National
Theater in Washington, D. c. by
June !.
"Thc barring of Negroes at the
National Thester Is particularly
obnoxious because It places racial
discrimination in a prominently
displayed showcase to be viewed
by passerby from countries all
over the world" said the letters.
signed by Rev. Donald Harrington
national WDL chairman.
THE request for a change of po-
Icy by the theater originated with
the actors but has the support Of
our labor movement and OF free
dom-loving people throughout the
country"
The demand for ending jimcrow
at the National Theater was made
by Actors Equity Association in
current negotiations for a new
contract. The League of New York
Theaters is split as to whether to
grant It.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
HOOVER LAUDS
negro AGENTS

Gang-buster chief j. Edg a r
Hoover says in October Ebony
tat mo distinction Is made with
regard to race in selection OF en-
ployces" for his Federal Depart
ment of Investigation, and insists
that he has found numerous Ne
gro sleuths invaluable in cracking
some OF his toughest cases.
Negro Sam Noisette Hoover's
personal aide and receptionst at
the Washington, d. c. offices of
the department head, IS sai3 BY
Ebony to be known as Hoover's
right hand man by the 1900 en-
plovees there. Noisette, whose own
assistant Worthington Smith is
also a Negro, is well-known in
the Capital as an artist and Gre
dts Hoover's personal interest and
concern with his career ~ a big
factor in his rise.
Negro special Agents cannot
be publicly identified" Ebony
says. because they operate secret
ly in highly confidential work.
But as special dispensation in the
light of recent charges of depart
mental job prejudice. the monthly
was allowed to picture one Of
Hoover's crack Negro agents,
James f. Amos OF the New York
office.
Amos, who is in charge OF more
than 1000 different types Of guns
at the Manhattan branch Of the
FBI and instructor in firearms
there, has been with the depart
ment 20 years. Formerly body
guard to Teddy Roosevelt and a
gumshoe for the William Burns
Agency, Amos helped hnd the
See HOOVER LAUDS--page four
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
WOMEN TEACHERS CRACK
COLOR LINES AT WHITE
COLLEGES

Negro women are currently
teaching at twelve white colleges
IN the U. S, according to a photo
feature in October Ebony which
shows them represented as in
structors in fine arts and exact
sciences as well as the social
sciences in some of the nations
largest white universities.
In all cases the popularity Of
the Negro teaching pioneers with
the white student body is indicat-
ed by the number signing up for
their classes as well as their cleo
tlon to important posts by the STU
dent councils.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
Shreveport Man Kills
Patro|man; Wounds Son

body under the left shoulder,
went through the heart and lodg-
ed just below the skin, according
to DR.. W. p. Butler, coroner
Mrs. Tillie Houston Doyle, the
wife of Doyle, was in the kitchen
when the shooting started. She
ran out of the front door of the
house and broke her right leg
just above the ankle as she jump
ed from the porch. Chief Hucka-
bay said.
Doyle was buried in the Hope
well cemetery Wednesday, Fun
eral arrangements were under the
direction Of the Colored Funeral
Home.
Arkansas State press., 1947-09-05
State Dept. Helpless To
Interfere In jimCroW

WASHINGTON, D. c. - The
Department of State today, in ac-
knowledging receipt of a blister
ing NAACP protest against the
much advertised Australian jim
crow immigration policy declar-
ed that the u. S. Government lis
not in position to take such ac-
ton as you urge" The State De-
partment's declaration was issued
after the NAACP called attention
to a drive now being conducted
by Australian officials in the
United States in an effort to at
tract one million new settlers to
that country The NAACP eriticiz
ed that portion of the widely dis
tributed appeal which emphatical-
ly barred any prospective settlers
who were not members Of the
white race.
On August 18th, Roy wilkins,
NAACP assistant secretary, vigor-
ously protested to the State De-
partment issuance and open dis
tribution of a booklet prepared by
the Australian News and 1nforma-
ton Bureau, in which it was stat
ed. THE door to Australian is al
WAYS open to white British sub
iccts and others of European des-
cent Ia another section an lnvl-
tatpn to settle in Australia was
directed to United States ex-ser-
vicemen and women of white Eu-
ropean race" The NAACP urged
State Department action because,
-'Onc-tcnth of Americas popula-
ton and of her veterans are hui
inflated by this lily-white cam
paien." II was also pointed out
-'that the campaign violates the
spirit of the United Nations
Charter
In reply to Roy wilkins, Johh
M Patterson, Acting Chief of the
State Departments Division OF
Public Liaison, stated, u have re-
ceived your telegram OF August
is, l947 on behalf of the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People urging that TINS
Department investigate and han
discrimination by the Australian
Government in its immigration
policy, particularly with respect
to American veterans.
"As YOU know, the control OF
immigration is the exclusive pre-
rogative of each sovereign coun-
try. Since it is the policy OF the
United States not to interfere in