davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-11-30
By Froncis P. Douglas

/ Before DR.. Fermi's announcement
as control rods we're withdrawn from
/ the pile, the pen would trace ar
upward curve and then level off
Finally, with automatic counters
clicking furiously, the pen begar
again to climb. The curve did not
level off; it became "exponential.'
The reaction was self-sustaining.
Atomic Influence Spreads
The public learned of the event
on Stagg Field only little more
than two years ago when President
Truman announced the atomic
bombing of Hiroshima in August
1945.
But before the bombing of
Hiroshima, ,nuclear fission in chain
reaction had begun to affect the
lives of every one. American taxes
were going into the project; man
power and materials were being
diverted to 1t in large quantities.
Since then, the results have seemed
to have chain reaction of their own.
The possibilities of the atomic
bomb in warfare and its influence
on international affairs are well
known. Perhaps. so unfamiliar Is
the language and description of
nuclear physics, that the public has
tended to back away from the whole
subject.
In the meantime atomic energy
and the scientific research that
engendered it. has gone on affecting
mans life more and more. This has
extended right into the kitchen. One
scientist, describing the effects Of a
line Of research, said they extended
from "girdles to goggles"
The most familiar direct results of
atomic energy are the radioisotopes
used in the treatment Of cancer,
Evening star., 1947-11-30
Atomic Stage Set Fiue Years Ago

heart ailments and other diseases
and used in industry also.
They are used in chemistry. ir
investigating new methods of crack.
ing petroleum, in studies of how
fertilizers work. They have aided
research in polymerization in syn.
thetic rubber and so affect your
automobile tires, "girdles and gog-
giles" and many articles made OF
plastics.
The Atomic Energy Commission
has sold radioisotopes to medicine
and industry at prices aggregating
about 100000. These same prod
ucts, could they have been produced
would have cost hundreds of millions
of dollars before the atomic age.
Many scientific problems had to
be solved in developing atomic
energy. Many of the solutions have
now passed into the techniques of
industry.
Tracers Shed Light
For example, before atomic energy
fluorine was laboratory curiosity.
Now f1uorcarbons have opened up
new fields in refrigeration, lubri-
cants, pharmaceuticals and plastics.
High vacuums obtained similarly
have been transferred to industrial
processes. Atomic science also de-
veloped a method of detecting leaks
in vacuum lines and labeled the
method "snifter." "Snifter" now
helps produce a type of household
refrigerator.
The atomic bomb is associated
with death. Atomic energy may
some day help solve the mystery of
life.
David E. Lilienthal, chairman of
the Atomic Energy Commission, has
said that radioactive tracers from
the Oak Ridge plant have thrown
(See ATOMIC ERA. Paga aC-50
Evening star., 1947-11-30

With big winter Communist offensive predicted in
Manchuria, the Chinese situation appears to be ap-
preaching another crisis far Chang Kai-sheks
Nationalist government is concerned-has been sug-
gested by reports of steady political and economic dis
integraton within China.
1t takes close to 100000 Chinese dollars to buy
United States dollar in the Shanghai black market.
Wages cannot keep up, and with 80 per cent of the
Nationalist governments expenditures going for
against the northern rebels needed rebuilding is at
standstill.
Even the is not going very we'll for Chang Kai-
shek After two years his nourished troops still are
unable disodge the rebelious Reds from key posi-
tons in North China and Manchuria. His troops have
habit of deserting, frequently with their American
supplied arms, while enemy guerras constantly filter
back behind the lines into "liberated' territory.
Wedemeyer's Report Still Withheld
Corruption, which last spring caused 1t. Gen Albert
C. Wedemeyer to urge Nationalist housecleaning as
preliminary to United States aid, still weakens
Chang Ka-shek's regime. The report which Gen.
Wedemeyer was preparing has not yet been made
public.
Nevertheless Secretary of State George Marshall has
suggested an appropriation of 900 for imme-
diate relief in China
But the Nankng Minister of Economic Affairs, Chen
Chi-tien said that the Chinese government would
Evening star., 1947-11-30

It is significant that. at this very moment, while
the Congress the United States is in special session
providing economic blood TRANSMISSION for France
Italy and Austria, and readying itself to consider
longer-range plans for the economic reconstruction
of Europe trade conference of the United Nations
is in session in Havana hammering out charter or
book of rules" for world trade.
That the forging of trade charter sounds academic
and ideastic in comparison with the grim reality of
providing billions of dollars worth of food and other
goods to forestal the spread of toalitarianism in
Western Europe should not deter us from recognizing
the intimate connection between these two phases of
United States economic foreign policy The two are
aimed at the target which is not only the
creation but also the maintenance, of economic
vironment in which political freedom can endure.
Relief Is Not Enough
The European recovery program the so-called
Marshall pan) is the most practical way in which the
United States, the only truly powerful democratic
country in the world today, help bind the wounds
Evening star., 1947-11-30

government organized as ours is,
with emphasis upon the separation
of powers between the legislative
and the executive, the fundamental
economic outlooks are much more
similar than different. What is
referred to is the cleavage between
the interest of nation as whole
and the short-run apparently OBJ
vious interests of various groups Of
which 1t is comprised.
Now, of course, no nation and
no group within nation would
ever admit that it wants to shut
out the goods of other nations as
part of sinister plot to wreck the
economies OF those nations or to
grab riches for themselves at the
expense of their neighbors In fact,
with few exceptions, there as no
such plots" When nations restrict
the importation of foreign-made
goods, they usually do it because
they see themselves forced to do so
to protect certain of their producing
groups against low-cost foreign
competition, to protect their cur
rencies against payments abroad
that are excessive in comparison
with collections abroad for goods
and services rendered, to main
Evening star., 1947-11-30
By Howard S. Piquet

productions are not mere paper concessions What
does 1t mean, for example, for the United States to
lower the tariff textiles when Britain and other
textile producing countries finding it all but
possible to produce enough to supply themselves?
Those who familiar with the history of tariffs
and international trade only wish that it were
possible for nations to take up these questions in their
logical sequence they arise For it is certainly
true that so long many of the producing ma
tons of the world prostrate many, If not most,
trade barriers tend to be of theoretical interest only
Trade Became Trckle
But the persistent lesson of history is that unless
the barriers lowered before they become
more troublesome politically than they are there
is little likelihood that they will be lowered at all.
They might be increased.
The tariff history of the United States illustrates
we'll the nature OF this problem not only in this
try, but in many foreign lands well. For though
the of political expression in parliamentary
form of government different from those in
Evening star., 1947-11-30

of its democratic European Allies
who bled themselves white in the
colossal struggle against Nazllsm
and fascism. Unless they receive
our assistance in terms of food,
fuel, fertilizer and certain capital
equipment items, there is grave
doubt that they will be able to
withstand the till-flourishing forces
of totalitarianism, both from within
and from without.
Relief, however, is not enough.
An international .WPA would not
give these democratic peoples what
they want or need. Furthermore,
long drawn-out charity on our part
would seriously impair our own
strength.
The Western European countries
need the tools with which to restore
their production. To make the
most of their resources they must
specialize in the production of those
goods for which they are best
adapted. And they must be able
to trade, with each other and with
the outside world, to acquire raw
materials and other needed goods.
Hence, the Havana Conference,
which typifles all that this country
has stood for since 1889 with regard
Evening star., 1947-11-30
Lowering the Foreign Trade Barriers
View on U.S. Is Termed Vital to EurOpe'S Recovery

Engage in Commerce With Neighbors and Outside World
S from
when o Commits
and
uae sdn of American UnpnatyJ
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
Unemployment Benefit Payments Reach All Time
High OF SHOPS OH For Vets And Civilians In 1916

Columbus, Jan. 20 - Unenploy-
ment benefit payments hit a record
$110,251,017 in Ohio during 1916
under provisions of both the Ohio
unemployment compensation law
and servicemen's readjustment act.
Charles H. Jones, administrator of
the Ohio Bureau of Unemployment
Compensation, said today.
Unemployed civilians received
$50, ,408, ,338 under the state law, more
than double the last previous high
of $24,615, ,596 in 1910, while jobless
former servicemen drew a total of
$57,842,679, nearly six times the
amount paid in 1945 which was the
first full year for this type of bene-
fit.
In addition, self-employed vet
Grams, who qualified under the G.
l. Bill, received $3,025,752 during
1946. The average monthly check
to self-employed veterans amounted
to $92, whereas unemployed ex-serv-
icemen received flat $40 per week
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
Honor Students Listed By Principal Gilbert Weekley
In Six Weeks Report For Caldwell HIGH School

Principal Gilbert w. Weekley has
announced the list of honor students
in the Caldwell schools for the last
six weeks period, ending Jan. II.
Students who attained a perfect at
tendance for the semester, as well
as scholastic honors, are also listed.
They are as follows:
Honor Roll
First Semester, Sept 2-Jan. IL
Seniors: Mary Lou Leonard.
Juniors: Bob McGinnis, Mary
Schafer and Janet Pickenpaugh.
Sophomores: Glendola Swain.
Freshmen: Dorothy Weekley, and
Dorothy Fetkovich.
Eighth Grade: Gerald Bates, Lois
Roberts, Elaine Heddleson and
Nancy Secrest.
Seventh Grade: Charlene Harris,
Howard Hupp, Richard McGinnis
and Ruth Annette Smith.
Third Six-Weeks, Nov. 25-Jan. II
Seniors: Mary Lou Leonard.
Juniors: Bob McGinnis, Mary
Schafer, and Janet Pickenpaugh.
Sophomores: Glendola Swain.
Freshmen: Dorothy Weekley, Dor
othy Fetkovich.
Eighth Grade: Gerald Bates, Lois
Roberts and Nancy Secrest.
Seventh Grade: Charlene Harris
Richard McGinnis, Virginia Ralston
and Ruth Annette Smith.
Perfect Attendance
First Semester
Seniors: Donna Gail Brown, Betty
Clark, Martha Mae Estadt, Patty
F'rederickson, Gertrude Marquis
Dorothy Rucker, Delmar Wells and
Mary J. Woodford.
Juniors: Mary Ann Shafer,. Janet
Pickenpaugh, Ruth Swank, Robert
McGinnis, Dale Merry, David Merry
William Murrey, Joe Sarisky, Roscoe
Tilton, Dwight Tilton, Paul Wells
and Lucien Young.
Sophomores: Betty Archer, Bonnie
Bigley,. Thelma Clark, Rose Mary
Drake, Glenna Gould, Sarah Ickes
Doris Loop, Glendola Swain, Bonnie
Waite, William Baker, Ben Craft
Gerald Davis, Bruce Gill; Howard
Mckee, Donald Pitcher, and Virgil
Tilton.
Freshmen: John Hickman, Jane.
Moore, Bernard Riski, Paul Sarisky
Dean Woodford, Ivan Woodford
Joyce Cecil, Ruth Ann Crum, Gen,
elda Danford, Marilyn Davis, Mar,
garet Evans, Jane Frederickson
Jean Frederickson, Lois Johnson
Edna Marquis, Barbara Marquis
Julia McGregor, Arlene Morris
Agnes Stritz, Doris Swank, Patty
Weekley and Nancy Williams.
Eighth Grade: Freddie Anderson
Gerald Bates, Charles Douglass
Bob Howiler, Louise McCauley, Er
lene Landaker, Lois Roberts, Rebec
ca Shroyer, Mary Bell Smalley, Nei
Smith, Ned Thomas, Roger Walters
Marlene Wells, Freda Wilkinson.
Seventh Grade: Patty Ball, Ruby
Caldwell, Lucille Braden, Alice Gar
vim, Gladys Garvin, Charlene Harris
Margie Hurst, Lavaughn Johnson
Patty King, Darlene Longfellow
Marjory Morris. Donna Pitts, Vir
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30

ginia Ralston, Kathleen Tilton, Vir-
ginia Webster and Louise Weekley.
Third Six-Weeks, Nov. 25-Jan. IT,
Seniors: Donna Gail Brown, Betty
Clark, Martha Mae Estadt, Patty,
Frederickson, Virginia Lonzrick,
Gertrude Marquis, Dorothy Ruck-
er, Dolores Schell, Delmar Wells,
Avenell Woodford, Mary ]. Wood
ford and Dana Reed.
Juniors: Mary Ann Shafer, Janet
Pickenpaugh, Ruth Swank, Nora
Leasure, Robert McGinnis, Joseph
Sarisky, Dale Merry, David Merry,
Dwight Tilton, Roscoe Tilton, Paul
Wells and Lucien Young.
Sophomores: Betty Archer, Bon
ME Bigley, Thelma Clark, Rose
Mary Drake, Glenna Gould, Sarah
Ickes, Doris Loop, Glendola Swain,
Bonnie Waite, William Baker, Joe
Bigley, Durward Cecil, Ben Craft,
Gerald Davis, Bruce Gill, Charles
Johns, Howard Mckee, Leonard
Minyo, Donald Pitcher and Virgil
Tilton.
Freshmen: Jack Fowler, John
Hickman, Harold Hupp, Don King,
DGIlldLO u LOll, JdIll65 InOOIG, odNlI
Morris, Carlos Murrey, James Potts,
Bernard Riski, Paul Sarisky, Dean
Woodford, Ivan Woodford, Joyce
Cecil, Ruth Ann Crum, Glenelda
Danford, Marilyn Davis, Margaret
Evans, Dorothy Fetkovich, Jane
Frederickson, Jean Frederickson
Lois Johnson, Edna Marquis, Bar.
bara Marquis, Julia McGregor, Gym.
thia Merry, Arlene Morris, Agnes
Stritz, Doris Swank, Patty Weekley
Dorothy Weekley and Nancy Viii.
liams.
Eighth Grade: Joan Ackley, Ger.
aid Bates, Freddie Anderson, Elaine
Heddleson, Charles Douglass, Bot
Howiler, Louise McCauley, Erlene
Landaker, Betty Pangle, Lois Rob
erts, Betty Sayre, Rebecca Shroyer
Marybell Smalley, Ned Thomas
Neil Smith, Roger Walters. Marlent
Wells and Freda Wilkinson.
Seventh Grade: Patty Ball, Ruby
Caldwell, Lucille Braden, Dale Gar
dner, Alice Garvin, Gladys Garvin
Charlene Harris, Frances Kitchens
Margie Hurst, Lavaughn Johnson
Patty King, Dolores Landaker, Oar
lene Longfellow, Marjory Morris
Donna Pitts, Virginia Ralston, Ruth
Annette Smith, Kathleen Tilton
Louise Weekley and Virginia Web
| Ster.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30

if totally unemployed. Benefit pay
ments under the Ohio law vary
from SIS to $21, with an average pay
ment of 1892 for a week of total
unemployment during 1946.
Despite the record payments from
the state unemployment trust fund,
balance at the close of 1946 was two
per cent higher than the total one
year earlier, Mr.. Jones said. Balance
in the fund at the end of the year
was $487 ,239,167, with interest
earned and yet to be credited for
the fourth quarter in the estimated
amount of $2,300,000.
The average weekly number of
unemployed persons receiving bene-
fit payments under the state law
and G. I. Bill during 1916 reached
a peak of 160,278 last March and has
been declining since. During Decem-
ber the average weekly number was
down to 49,234 with payments total
ing $4,193,849, of which state-law
claimants received $,1507, $40 and
ex-servicemen, $2,685,9
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30

Noble county farmers and land
owners who wish to take advantage
of the free distribution of wildlife
food and cover tree units are be-
ing urged to contact game warden
Reuben w. Parks for application
blanks. Last year many late requests
could not be filled when the sup
ply ran out.
The units are furnished by the
Division of Conservation without
charge and shipment will take place
sometime between March IS and
May l, 1947.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30

HAPPENINGS
prohafa COurt

Probate Court
First partial account of Benjamin
Boley, guardian, filed in the guard
ianship of Ernest S. Schott.
Petition for proceeding to deter
mine inheritance tax filed in estate
of Helen B. Murphy.
Bond approved and letters of ad-
ministration issued to Francis Es-
tadt in the estate of Julius Smith.
Report of sale filed in estate of
Alice c. Finley.
Inventory filed in the estate of
Esther VanDyne.
Letters testamentary issued to
Charles Pitt, in estate of Jacob L.
Eiffler.
Letters of guardianship issued to
Hannah Ramage, in the guardian
ship of William Ramage, ct al.
Hearing to be held Jan. 90 in the
guardianship of Frank L. Bates.
Petition to sell real estate filed
in the land sale of Hannah Ramage,
guardian, of William Ramage, ct al
Petition to purchase real estate
by surviving spouse in the land sale
of Mildred Zimmerman, surviving
spouse of G. H. Zimmerman.
First and final account of Paul
Miller, adm, filed in estate of c.
d. James.
Memorandum filed in estate of
i H. S. Shriver.
First and final account of Halle
M. Hughes, guardian, filed in the
guardianship of Roscella McAuley.
Inventory and appraisement filed
in estate of Thompson G. Harding.
Petition for sale of real estate
filed in the land sale of Frances
Harding, adm, of Thompson C.
Harding against Carrel Harding.
Real Estate Transfers
} Losia Wells and James D. Wells
/, to Albert D. Wheeler, Noble town
ship, Florence, lots rs, 26, q, 28
30 and 80.
M. L. and Emma Kirkbride tc
. Hazel A. Blaschak, Center town
ship, 5312 acres.
Lucy Mclaughlin to Ida E. Shane
Center township, acres.
Omar and Ethyl Harmon to Over
Harmon, Caldwell, lots 272 and 293
Conrad Harmon, deceased, tt
Charles Hannah, and Omar Harmon
Caldwell, lots 272, 293.
Andrew H. and May Ann Needs t.
]. M. Spence, Stock township, IS
acres.
Helen B. Murphy, deceased, t
Halderman Murphy, ct al, Buffalo
township, 308.30 acres.
Halderman Murphy ct al to Rand
olph Murphy, Buffalo township
308.30 acres.
Wilbur and Martha Grimes t
Torrance and Ida Michel Enocf
township, 40 acres.
c. Ray and Helen Croy to HunteI
Wilson Distilling Co. Inc, Beave
, township, timber deed.
Glenn and Fred Roe to Howard
| Roe, Beaver township, 72.45 acres.
Pearl Dyer to Bernadine ant
William Conner, Jr., Belle Valley
lots 13 and IA.
Peter Sorg to Harry M. Sorg
: Marion township, 3.73 acres.
\ Emery S. Ellison, deceased, t
Meryl Davis, ct al, Jackson town
ship, 80 acres.
II E. R. and Mary Bates to Harle,
II and Betty Teeters, Olive township
II 5.26 acres.
II Francis and Adelia Estadt Nor
II bert Smith to Eleanor Fliehmar
II Caldwell, 62 feet off North end Q
II lot IS.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
ATTENDING CONVENTION

Rev. Glen M. Warner of Caldwell
and other Methodist ministers in
Noble county are attending their
annual convention, being held this
week in Columbus. Rev. Warner
was accompanied to Columbus by
Rev. w. NJ. Miller of Woodsfield.
Rev. Neimoeller, famous Protest
ant minister from Germany who was
prosecuted for years during World
War II, will give the principal ad-
dress.
During his absence Mrs. Warner
and children are visiting with rela-
tiveS in Delaware.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
ENRoLLMENr INCREASES

Ohio State University's enroll
ment continues near the $4,000 mark
for the new quarter which started
January 3. Additional enrolment
sees this term not in attendance last
quarter include: Benny ]. Fowler,
Vincent T. James, Caldwell, Verrill
c. Davis, Pleasant City route; David
M. Arthur, Sarahsville; Wayne c.
Culbertson, Cumberland and Charles
E. Feiock, Lewisville.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
ACCEPTS POSITION

Harlan Still, son of MIR. and Mrs.
A. G. Still, near Caldwell. has ac-
cepted a position with the Ohio
State Experiment station, Columbus.
Still conducts tests on dairy cattle
in various sections of this state. He
spent the past week in Athens at
the State Hospital and next week
is scheduled to go to st. C1airsville.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
SALES TAX RECEIPTS

A slight drop in the sales tax re-
ceipts for Noble county was noted
during the first II days of January,
according to a report released by
state treasurer Don H. Ebright. Re-
ceipts totalled $58387 as compared
to $626.26 for the same period in
1946.
This report usually reflects the
general buying trend in the COM
munity.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1947-01-30
CONDITION IMPROVED

Mrs. Ruth Stoneking, who recent
ly underwent major operation in
the Good Samaritan hospital, Zanes-
vile, has been removed to her home
in Sharon. Her condition is much
improved.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-03-15
ATTENTION PROGRESSIVE CITIZENS OF AMERICA

The name of this organization shall be Progressive Citizens of America.
 Object: With faith in the common sense of the American people and conscious of the ne cessity for their full and effec- tive participation in the proces- ses of democracy by which our common purposes must be trans mitted into constructive na- tional policy. We have formed this organization of Progressive Citizens for Political Action.
 This organization bases itself on the principles on which the United States was founded. We are confident that every needed reform in our national life can be achieved through the United States Constitution and the or derly use of the ballot. It is our purpose, by encouraging the full and intelligent use of the ballot, to strive for a secure, abundant democratic America, with equal freedom for all.
 Read the objects of PCA in the next issue:
Hartford chronicle., 1947-03-15
LABOR SECRETARY
 IN CINCINNATI

Washington - Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., national labor sec retary of the NAACP, will talk before the Cincinnati branch on the pending state FEPC bill and efforts to widen employ ment opportunities for minori- ty group workers, on March 18th, at 4 pm. at the Lincoln Community Center, Gest and Linden Streets.
 MT. Mitchell, latest addition to the national NAACP staff, has an extensive background in his subject. He was at one time director of Negro work for the National Youth Administration in Maryland. He was field as- sistant in the Office of Produc- tion Management, Labor Divi- sion, and he later became as- sistant chief of the Negro Elm ployment and Training Branch of the War Production Board. Prior to joining the NAACP, he served as Director of Field Operations for the FEPC.
Hartford chronicle., 1947-03-15
ACT TO STAY EXECUTION OF MISSISSIPPI YOUTHS

Washington, D. C.-The final step was taken today in the long fight to save the lives of James Lewis and Charles Tru- dell, the IA and 15 year-old Me- groes sentenced to electrocu- tion in Mississippi, when Thur good Marshall, special counsel of the NAACP, filed a petition in the United States Supreme Court to obtain a review of the convictions.
 The petition and brief charge that the youths were not grant ed due process of law; that they did not have a fair trial and compared their conviction with the famous Scottsboro cases and with other famous trials of Negro victims of legal lynch ing which have been reviewed by the Supreme Court.
 The brief filed in support of the petition for certiorari says: t'The barest examination of the record in this case shows that the clements of due process, as they are known in American democracy, have been fragrant ly violated. The requirement of our judicial system cannot be satisfied by mere symbolic trial in which the court, the prosecution and the defense pro- ceed ruthlessly to a conviction based upon an exploitation of the defendants ignorance and helplessness. !"
Hartford chronicle., 1947-03-15

buy all of the things that you think you need! Do not get strapped down with huge credit commitments Do not begin buying real estate at exorbltant costs simply because you have the down-payment.
 You can't lose either way! If we do have a depression you may be able to weather 1t on your own and perhaps get some of the things you have always wanted and for mere song. If we do not have depression, you will have accumulated far more than you ever had before.