davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The union times., 1947-07-05

sports had a saying, Don't bet against the Yankees Likewise the football Giants and Joe Louis. You may not agree with our estimate of Assault, but it's about time to add his name to that list. Brother, don't bet against the Yankees, the football Giants, Joe Louis, or Assault.
 ROBINSON-DODCERS
 There and Here: Jackie Robinson is more than justifying the faith the Dodgers placed in him. Have you mo- ticed his steady climb in National League averages and ratings? Only two first basemen in the league rate ahead of him right now, Musia1 and Mize. And Jackie never played the bag until this spring.
 Good as Jackie looks now, he still is far from showing his real stuff, according to Branch Hickey. ''YOu haven't seen Robinson yet" Hickey says. "You'H really see something when he gets to bunting and running as freely as he should. Just now he's still in she'll"
 Hickey said that on the same day Robbie stole home against the Pirates.
 In our book Robinson is the standOut of an excellent crop of Rockies. Some 60 newcomers in both majors are marking the end of the lean war years for new tal-
The union times., 1947-07-05

official publication of the New Haven Central Labor Council the editorial advertising policy THE UNION TIMES under the the Council They Vincent
 McGovn Electricians Union B9O President; William Enigh Painters Union Mo- 186 Joseph Egan Typographical Uaicn No A. Recording Secretary August str Bakers Union Mo- Electricians Union B9O sntAtArms Barbers Spado Mhinist Union No. Murphy Union Mo- l86 Saul Kreas Plumb
 Union Mo- 349 Stanley rg Carpenters Union Mo- 79 George Dlon Union No B9O, Bernard Glbrde Municipal Harold Feinmark Hotel and Workers Union Mo- 4o4 Rose BunSw Pocemen Union Shaw published by THE UNION TMEs officers Harold V Fa President; Nathan Sherman Secretary; and Leonard Farmer, Treasurer.
The union times., 1947-07-05
AS WE SEE IT

agent Local B-9O, completes fin ishing touches on contract with Rockbestos Products Corp, New Haven. DRIVE TO FREEZE wage scales threatens collective bargain ing power of organized labor. BRIDGEPORT BUS DRIVERS lead city in protesting rent increases.
 Here's a story that the American press, which recently split a gut over what it called labor s'monopo- lies,' is keeping strictly undercOver.
 It's about the Reed-Bulwinkle bill to exempt railroads from the antitrust laws. Recently Sen. Charles w. TObey (R, N.H.) de- clared in the Senate that s'the bill would place monopoly grip on the neck of American small busi- ness and American farmers.''
 He added that the bill, which slipped quietly through Congress, provides the means for the first time in American history of ex- empting a basic industry from the prohibition of the antitrust law. It sets pattern for other big busi- nesses to be immunized from the antitrust laws and they certainly will follow in its train.''
 Maybe it depends on which s'mo- nOpoly'' buffers your bread.
 Syndicated columnist Frank Kent recently charged that Republicans were being held back because of the propaganda against them. Said Kent: ''There are today more New Deal left-wingers astride the chan nels of communications than be- fore."
 Maybe New Dealers are ssastride the channels of communication but not many people are hearing them. Among those already off the air or pushed off large networks onto small local stations are com. mentators William Shirer, John Vandercook, Johannes Steel, Frank Kingdom, William Cailmor and FiOrellO LaCuardia.
The union times., 1947-07-05

(Continued from Page One) free collective bargaining and adop- fion of a Greek version of the Wagner Act.
 The paper did not indicate whether the bill to be proposed to the Greeks will carry the Taft-Hart- ley amendments.
 Rats got their bad name when an early naturalist saw one burrOwing into struck factory.
 Splendid turnout by New Haven Central Labor Council at Monday nights meeting with New Haven Hospital authorities. Those present included President Vincent McCov- ern, William P. Enright, Nate Sher- man, Bernard Chloride, Saul Kreas, and Joseph Egan. There were 2H hours of discussion of the Hospitals policies.
 Labor emerged with a better un- derstanding of the Hospitals finan- cial problems, but convinced that the financial, as we'll as other prob lems of voluntary hospitals, will not be solved until the general public has voice in policy-mak- ing.
 Adequate medical care will not be available to all as long as a small group of people at the top make decisions for us masses at the bottom.
 A HARRISBURG item relates Sampson slew the Philistines with jawbone of an asxztthtopylvwlby- mOmpOw-bo."
 FIVE YEARS AGO IN THE UNION TIMES: FIFTEEN THOU SAND New Havenites march in gi. gantic ''On To Victory'' parade with all AFL locals heavily repre-. scented by men and women from all walks of life. LABOR REALTY Corp. plans labor ball to raise need ed funds for necessary repairs and liquidation of debt on Labor Tenn. pie. JOSEPH T. ROURKE, bus.
The union times., 1947-07-05

O-yedI-OlQ Cd1IlpdlSIl.
 GREATEST EVER
 But this horse, Assault by name, is one of the greatest ever. He has taken over the aIltime lead as a money-winner, with nearly $6OO,- 900 stashed away for his owner. He's only 4 years old, and unless that hoOf goes bad he can set a mark that will be very hard to beat.
 We have never seen any horse, or heard of one, that we could pick to beat Assault three out of five races. At any weights.
 There are two main threats to his supremacy, Stymie and Armed. We can't see Stynie. Assault has beaten him at various distances, and while giving away weight. Armed is another story. Magnificent though he is, and sometimes faster according to the clockers, we'll take Assault every time out
 ADD TO LIST
 We have to take Assault He has the champions heart, quality that drives him to his best when he needs it. Such a racer will beat the faster gee-gee when the chips are down, as Assault did Lucky Draw last year when the latter was cracking records all over the country.
 For many years, the wise guys iii
The union times., 1947-07-05
COP Plans To Throw Labor A Bone

bwg bit startled by the violence of union reaction sucker.
 s light this is rsst % the oDs %Ga e hgo~ns aar p e 6Oc csc minimum sometime in late l94$ but in CoP working strategic plan counter correspondent Edward Hughes from Washington Hughes points that s novelty of the M devious play seasoned Republican leaders, will let the an their % % ,s S % the seoT nha committing themsel elves to
 COP have intention of letting become law in they campaign which sparkling the drive sn.'e however will r sd E1s % % sevds! ,s % 1 sss ss effect sG dy ; % % s4 5 op @ Tss s & 6 help make the l947 labor reform bill just faint memory COP , all but 7 of the 2l million workers covered they aren't really giving much and won't be stepping too blessing without hook if the Re- puean have their In return for the higher minimum wage they Their primary demand broaden the exemptions under the % nG p % d M decisions Targets would include an elevator operators who work buildings housing
 LITTLE LUTHER
 or begin thinking about what to be when You probably WILL "Yes know" judging a o | tnU no na"e o " could tongue, might aspire life of politics. Mr. Dlorth suggested You loss for wOrds"
 "A father who think of nothing his be conspng delinquency "Or you scientist unde I atoms to wife? Not for mel"
 "of course his father continued the law business promises on eep s"r % mon 5 .9en .r % or % % years. What we you to laws school?"
 'Pop don't Luther enough from know I'd be veop talent them for for a job in your diaper works"
 in ed. sWhat have I ever done o deserve this?"
The union times., 1947-07-05
Calling Elm Straight
 By BILL MAHONEY
Moderated Press)

He isn't big horse He's cubfooed and bred from dubious stock He flop and last year they ing obituaries him when he broke down mdeason of his
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-01-31
THE JEWISH
Quiz BOX

QUESTION: What is Cham
;sha Asar Bishvat" Occurring TINS
wear on Wednesday, Feb. 5th):
ANSWER: According to the
Talmud (Rosh Hashonah) this day
IS the New Years Day for trees.
The celebration of such day IS
indicative of the profound respect
Judaism gives to G-d's creations IN
nature. Even the trees deserve
special dedication for their beauty
and nourishment. Among some
Jews special prayers are recited on
this day. The day is generally
characterized as the Jewish Arbor
Day. To commemorate it Jews
eat special fruits (mainly Pales-
-inian) and plant trees in Pales-
tine.
QUESTION: why is this par
ticuIar Sabbath called "ShabbOs
Shirah
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-01-31
RY RABBI SAMUEL j. FOX
Copyright, 1947, Jewish
Telegraphic Agency, Inc)

ANSWER: Because the portion
Of the Law is read in which is
contained the song Of Moses which
the Jews sang after attaining their
freedom from Egypt and miracu-
lously crossing the Red Sea. This
song is called the "Shira" and SO
the Sabbath is dedicated as
"Shabbos Shira."
QUESTION: Why is it custom
ary to throw crumbs to the birds
on this particular Sabbath?
ANSWER: 1t is in this weeks
portion that the feeding of the
Jews with MAMA" is described.
The Jews are compared to the
birds who have only to reach out
for the crumbs that are thrown
to them by Cd. Watching the
birds feed on the crumbs would
then serve as a striking reminder
of our desert days when we were
so miraculousiy sustained. An
other reason is related to the mar
rative in the Yalkut. After hear
ing Moses announce that there
would be no Mamma" on the Sab
bath, two despots, Dasas and
Aviram went to the trouble of
spreading Mama" on the fields
Friday evening so as to upset
Moses prophecy. BY a miracle,
the birds CHANGED upon the scene
and consumed all the Mamma"
that the two "saboteurs" had pre-
pared. In reward to the birds, who
averted a crisis which would have
disrupted the unity of ISRAEL, a
special point is made to feed them
crumbs on the Sabbath where it
is mentioned that the Jews went
out to look for the Mama" on
the Sabbath and "did not find it."
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-01-31
I[Bok,Nelu|'

The Spirit Returnetb h. .
Stern: The Jewish P,bIic..,' ICY
ciety of America, Philadsh'
Translated by Ludwig Lewisa.'
The Spirit Returneth is
which serves to introduce O.,
Stern to the English-reading =
lie, and after reading the boot =
Gently released by the UPS
might add that it is an altoo.s
too long delayed introduction A.
of course, is true of the late m,a
ing of the American Jewish NJ
lie with the gifted writers Of =,
opean Jewry. However, now tb,,I
to the Nazi devastation Of levi,
life on the continent on one s,,
and the prerogative of the Ipv,
Publication Society on the OH.
the works of Europe's great u
near great are coming into d
hands.
While Selma Stern is a ms
German-Jewish historian now n,
tinuing her scientific work in II
United states this is her first Il
tempt at a novel. 1t is a str|
which deals with the fate Of Eu|
opean Jewish communities duri|
the time of the Great Plague lnI
the pestilence itself creeping fru|
village to village and from count
to country came the massacre /
the Jews.
Miss Stern has woven noVl
around a series of incidents 4
the Jewish communities along ID
Rhine, lying in the track Of ID
plague. The characters depia
every shade and strata of JEWS
life and are shown as they read
to the tragedy which befalls then
and their loved ones. The authr
takes the reader with her from
community to community.
Once the reader is aware Of Tn
pattern the writer is following 4
introducing a set of charactes
who will soon meet destruction
feeling of intense suspense is Gre
ated. The work is artfully done
The characters are skillfuII
drawn, and a fine literary styeH
employed to present the finiShs
product.
There have been other wOfH
presented of the Jews undergOaS
matrydom for the sake OF Ins7
faith and the dignity of their star
us. The Spirit Returneth can !
classed among the better preSen1'
tons.
Mrs. Isadore Mosco"Ol
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-01-31

Happily grading the dolls they
offered 60 trade for ViSaS to the
United States, the SchOenberg or
pI1ans, Kenate, 8, and Sylvia 8,
who were hidden from the NaZiS
by a Gentle nurse, are shown in
Prague, CzechOslOvaIxia, with Isaac
L. AsOfSIxy, Executive Director of
HAS (1HebreW SheEtering and I'M
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1947-01-31

migrant Aid Society during his
tour of Europe studying refugee
and ID. p. problems. When he gave
them the dolls the girls offered to
return them for u. S. visaS. MIR.
AsOfSEy interviewed i'm their behalf
in order that "they may have
both" The chiIdren's parents were
murdered at the AuschWitz eXter-
ininatiOn center.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
RAIL BONDS SHOW
BETTER STRENGTH
Gains From Fractions 10
Two Points; Treasury
Issues Steady

NEW YORK, April II - up -
Railroad bonds were generally
higher and other %corporates I'M
even in the bond market today.
American Telephone & Tele-
graph issues failed to respond to
reports of a decrease in the wage
demands of telephone workers in
the eleventh day of their strike.
With the exception of the 2 3-4s
of 81, which were up 1-8, A T &
T bonds were unchanged or frac-
tionally lower.
Gains in Baltimore & Ohio,
New Haven, Missouri Pacific and
Pennsylvania Railroad liens rang.
ed from fractions to 2 points.
Exceptions to the trend among
the carriers were Katy first IS.
off 8 points, Denver & Ric
Grande Western assented SIS ane
income 4 LIS, down SO and l..
respectively, and Illinois Contra
4 3-4s, which lost IA.
Lorillard Up
Lorillard IS, up ga at 1O4 "a
were among industrials and util
tiles gaining ground, as were Hud
son Coal IS up a point at. 81 IL
Firestone Tire & Rubber 3-8 high
er at 105 IA and Consolidated
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18

CHARLOTTE SPOTS
CHARLOTTE, April II H.
Spot cotton 1890.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
Selected Stocks Continue
Recovery ByFair Margins

1-S at Al IA and U. S. Gypsum
l IL at e6. In the plus column were
N. Y. Central, Chesapeake 'arc
Ohio, Pullman, Youngstown Sheet,
Goodyear, WoolWorth, Internation-
al Harvester, Deere, Sperry, Boo
ing, Kennecott. American Smelt-
ing, American Tobacco "B," Paci-
fic Western Oil and Standard Oil
(NJ). American Telephone was un-
changed at 1854.
Douglas Aircraft dropped 8 SO
at 81 as the company's president
painted a somewhat gloomy pic
ture of earnings. Monsanto Chem
ical common lost 2 at 50 and the
preferred was off 2 IA at 112 IA
following destruction of the con-
Germs Texas City plant. Norfolk
and Western conceded 4 at 225,
Bethlehem l 1-2 at "a IA, Schenley
l - at 20 -, Eastman Kodak
l at 228 IL, Johns-Manville l at
116 ga and Allied Chemical l at 70.
Bonds Mixed
Bonds were mixed. Cotton was
I'D 10 to 95 cents a bale. At Chica-
go wheat ended off IA to up / IA
cents a bushel, corn down IL to
l ga and oats off IA to 10 7-8.
On the upside in the Curb were
Aluminium Ltd, American Cyna-
mid, Heyden Chemical, Insurance
co. of North America and Middle
West corp. Turnover here Was $780,
900 shares versus 230. 900 yester'
day,
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
NEW E COTTON

NEW ORLEANS, April 17-(P)-
Cotton futures closed steady, ten
to go cents a bale higher.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18

No. l and 2 extras 47.5o.
extras 44'5-45; standard, 1's'2
current receipts AZ. 5.A "'A
and checks 39.5-4o III,
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18

NEW YORK, April II - up -
Selected stocks continued their re-
over in todays market Jul
many leaders stumbled and a late
brief rally, spanked by reports the
telephone union had cut its wage
demands. failed to follow through.
Slowdowns were frequent from
the start. While a slight pickup in
activity appeared as prices I'M
proved at the beginning of the
final hour, there were subsequent
sluggish intervals and trends no.
tably irregular at the close. Trans
fers of 700, 900 shares compared
with 900, 900 the day before and
we're a low for a full stretch since
last Thursday.
The Associated Press 6O-Stock
Composite was off L of a point at
61.3. 1t was the narroWest 5-hour
market since last Thursday, 94l
issues registering. Of these, Alb
rose and 314 fell. The average loss
was due to the fact that several
of the wider decliners were In the
overall index.
Rails Up, Down
Union Pacific was up l IL at
1872 IL. Great Northern railway !
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18

Edison 3 LIS of IS, which gain
ed "a at 102 "a.
Michigan Consolidated gas 3 LIS
and National Steel IS closed dow
fractions.
u S. Treasury issues were
steady, with changes limited to
1872 point either way. Victory
Loan 2 lbs of Dec. 1967-72 re-
gained 1872 of recent losses.
In the foreign dollar list Brazil
liens we're off fractions to as
much as Z IL and 9 points for the
3 "a series 8 and series 7 in quiet
trading.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
CHICAGO POTATOES

CHICAGO, April 17-P-CUS-
DA)-Potatoes: arrivals 100, on
track 232; total U. S. shipments
1,O67; supplies moderate; demand
fair for Idahos, very slow for
other stocks; markets slightly
weaker for No. l Idahos, dull for
others; Idaho Russet Burbanks
So. 6O-3.65 washed; Colorado Red
McClures $500 washed; n W
stocks: Texas so Id sacks Bliss
Triumps $2.85 washed Gall U. S.
No. ID.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
COTTON
NEW YORK COTTON

NEW YORK, E,ril 17-P1-Cot-
ton futures developed firmness late
today in a furry of mill buying
and short covering. Final prices
were 10 to 95 cents a bale higher
than the previous close.
Commission house demand was
attracted to new crop months but
traders were cautious, pending
outcome of textile and crop devel-
opments.
The Census bureau reported
March consumption at 875, 124 bales
compared with $40, 463 bales in
February and 804, 290 in March a
year ago, which was slightly bet
ter than trade expectations. The
report also revealed that mills
had about 2k months supply. OF
cotton on hand on March 81.
Futures closed 10 to S. cents a
bale higher than the previous close.
Mt
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
GRAIN
CHICAGO GRAIN

CHICAGO, April 17.-(P-Per-
sistent selling pressure d
grains lower today, corn showing
the widest losses following an
nouncement by the local Commo-
dity Credit corporation office that
it was Withdrawing from the cash
corn market.
Wheat closed " lower to IVA
higher, May $2.59A-A, corn was
" to IA lower, May $1.78A-R'
and pats were IA lower to rs high
er, May 89R.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
TREND OF STAPLE PRICES

NEW YORK, April 1.-THE AS
ISOLATED Press weighted wholesale
day advanced to 1873.
Previous day 174.77. week ago
1885. month ago 1921, year ago
117.07.
1947 1916 1945 1914
High --- 1892 1897 1921 1O8. 70
Low --- 1854. 05 1902 1923 0 106.03
0926 average equals 1000.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
NEW ORLEANS

NEW ORLEANS, April 17-(P)-
The average price of middling 10
16ths inch cotton at ten designated
spot markets today was IS cents a
bale higher at 34.78 cents a pound;
average for the past thirty mar
ket days 34.98. Middling 7-8 inch
average 1884.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
LOCAL QUOTATIONS

VII say q I z.O0C - 70
a. Indicated annual dividend rate.
b. Income and profits dividends paid
in past IL months.
c. Paid in 1916.
THE above quotations are nominal
and are believed to be indications of
the price at which the securities may be
purchased or sold.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
NEW o

NEW ORLEANS, April 17-(P)-
Spot cotton closed steady, rs cents
a bale higher. Sales 785. Low mid.
ding 34.4O; middlinq 34.65; good
middling 1925. Receipts 1885.
Stock 1876, 264.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
BOND AVERAGES

Compiled By The Associated Press
APRIL IL
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
Late Brief Rally Fails
To Hold; Volume Off
For Session

MARKETS AT A GLANCE
NEW YORK, April E-lP)C
Stocks - Irregular; late call
falters.
Bonds - Uneven; some rails
advance.
Cotton - Irregular; mill
buying, liquidation and hedg-
ing.
CHICAGO
Wheat - May firm. other
contracts little changed.
Corn - Easy; government
out of cash market.
Oats - May firm, otner
months eased.
Hogs - Steady to IS cents
lower; top $500.
Cattle - Steady to 70 cents
higher; top S26.75.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
CHICAGO BUTTER

CHICAGO, April 17-(P)- USDA)
Butter weak: AA 50 and A 90 score
60; B 80 $500. Eggs firm; large
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-04-18
BOND QUOTATIONS

FOREIGN BONDS
Aust SIS SIS -.-..----108R
WASHINGTON POULTRY
WASHINGTON - U. S. Grade
A, large, 81; broilers, 80 to 10;
lfryers, 81: r~oasters, %.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-11-30

The vast throng, which in
cluded President Truman and
scores of other notables, saw tfe
West Pointers rack up touch
downs in each of the first three
periods and completely outclass
the Midshipmen through the Sec
ond half. The Chief Executive,
sitting on Army's side of the
field, stuck, it out to the end.
Rowan, sparkplug Of A m US
attack, passed 10 yards to Bill
Kellum of Eastland, Texas, for
the victors' first score in the
opening period, and then broke
the Middies' hearts with a SEN
sational 92-yard touchdown dash
from scrimmage early in the
second stanza. The final Army
score came when John Trent, an
end, intercepted desperate
Navy pass and raced 2l yards
across the goal line.
Rowan's notwithstanding run,
on which he burst through his
fright tackle into the clear and
sprinted almost the length of the
field without being touched,
practically broke up what had
promised to be a homeric tussle.
The Navy team never recovered
from the blow, never again got
back in the football game.
Just before the Memphis flash
pulled his sumner, the Middies
had put on determined 74-yard
drive down to Army's eight-yard
line, where they had piled up.
They were giving the Cadets a
mighty battle, and were well
ahead both in yardage gained
and in first downs.
After they had chased Rowan
across the final stripe, Coach
Tom Hamilton's pupils were
through. They made only three
more first downs in the remain
der of the game-one Of those
on a roughing penalty-a d
never again carried the ball
even close to midfield. From
that point on there was never
doubt that the Cadets were en-
route to their fourth straight vic
tory in the service classic.
So one-sided was the conflict
after Rowan fled his 90 yards
that it was surprising to learn
that Navy actually had made
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-11-30

Virginia end Carlton Elliott
fumbled Pupa's short opening
kickoff after hauling it back
from the Is to the 40, and Caro-
Ina md Mike Rubish fell on the
ball.
Justice ripped seven yards
around right end, then swept
end behind a wall OF blocke1s
until he went out on The II. Pupa
flowed for 10 through the line,
again for three, and Justice
danced around right end to the
two-foot line. Pupa took it over
through right tackle when the
game was two minutes and 20
seconds old.
Pupa was injured in the Sec
ond quarter. but Rodgers cap
ably teamed with camo to spark
another scoring march, this one
for g. yards.
Camp took in a Rouaers pass
which carried 20 Yards to the
cavaliers 20yard stripe, and
men a double reverse, Rodgers
10 Justice to Camp, carried to
flfSt down on the 10-yard line.
camp was hurt on the play, and
Johnny Clements took over
lamps duties.
Clements sailed around right
elio TO score behind faultless
blocking.
a third touchdown came late
~ 1ne second period when Jus.
ute passed from the Virginia 4;
" END Art Weiner who was
go"ned ~ n as ne caught it on the
a., a.; Inn Rogers heaved to Jus.
"re, NY u VINO raced under the bal
vi ,i55 Iae Is and lodged down the
aoellne to score.
ID, Justice took the second-hal1
zickoft NJ. from his five back to the
ata Virginia 40, and Carolina was
pl 1,,... 10 another scoring romp
sm'lce sus 4; finally made it on a dash
around o right end. ''
camp scored one touchdown
.or NJ the Tar Heels on a revese
t5ns ana tailback Bill Maceyke
anew taa a pass to Ken Powell for
fnr t1e last "a one, the play being gooi
Dis.Itl1. With fourth string Caroline
5as;y ylayers in the game, Virgin;
sooh. .ooh over on its own 36 ant
''Sred Ss,, in eight plays. Geor gf
MT NORTH Carolina made the 36!
M ls5 yafds rushing to Virginia:
-. ano gained 1877 yards to 4t