davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-10-29

, knight of the Knights Of Columbus;
Franklin D. Roosevelt, jr.; Bishop
Henry Knox Sheriff. of Boston, pre-.
siding bishop of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church; Boris Shishkin, AFL
economist; Mrs. E. M. Tilly OF At
lanta, secretary of the Department
of Social Relations Of the Womens
Society of Christian Service. Metho-
dist Church, and Charming T.
Tobias, former secretary OF the Ma
tional YMCA Council.
Head of Professional Staff.
The executive secretary Of the
Civil Rights Committee and head
of its professional staff was Robert
Z. Carr.
Mr.. Carr was born in Cleveland
80 years ago, and Is graduate OF
Dartmouth and Harvard. He was
a member Of the department OF
government at the University OF
Oklahoma for six years and also
was director of the university's
Bureau of Municipal Research. He
has been on the Dartmouth faculty
since 1887 and is chairman of the
department of government. He has
been chairman of the Hanover,
N H., Democratic Committee.
Members of the committees staff
were:
Milton D. Stewart, research direc-
tor. Is professor in the school OF
politics Of the New School for
Social Research. New York. and
lecturer in sociology at Columbia.
He formerly was consultant to the
Senate Small Business Committee
and research aide to the director Of
the Commission on the Freedom Of
the Press.
Nancy F. Wechler, counsel, was
an attorney with the OPA and with
the Office of Economic Sterilization.
Charles j. Durham. assistant to
Executive Secretary Carr, has been
in Government service since 1927,
first in the Commerce Department
and. during the war, in the Do
. mestic News Bureau of the Office
of War Information.
Frances Harriet Williams, assist
ant to the executive secretary. was
adviser on race relations to the
OPA and earlier was interracial
secretary to the YWCA In New York,
Cornell Professor.
Robert E. Cushman, special con-
: sultant, is professor in the Cornell
University Department of Govern
ment, and research and civil liber-
ties director there.
Rachel R. Sadly, research analyst.
is a University of Chicago Ph.D in
| anthropology.
Herbert Kaufman, research aide,
was engaged in intern training in
Government with the National In
stitute of Public Affairs and now
Is graduate research associate of
the Institute of Public Administra-
ton, New York.
Joseph Murtha, research aide, is
in the production and marketing
bureau of the Agriculture Depart
ment at New Brunswick, N j. His
work with the Civil Rights Commit
tee was in connection with the ad-
ministrative intern training program
, of the Civil Service Commission.
John L. Vandegrift, research aide,
is a graduate law student of George
Washington University.
Richard A. Whiting, research aide
Is graduate law student at Yale.
Robert L. Bostick, graphics, is In
the legislative reference division of
the Library of Congress,
Evening star., 1947-10-29
Education Association
To End Meeting Today
By the Assoeiotsd Press

BALTIMORE, Oct. 29.-Dr. Ken
meth Benne, associate professor of
education, Columbia University, was
scheduled to. sum up results of the
three-day conference of the Ma
tional Education Association today
at the final session of the event.
Two hundred delegates spent yes
terday in field trips to study adult
education methods in Baltimore
Visiting members of the associations S
Adult Education Department came
from Virginia, Pennsylvania, Della
ware, New York and New Jersey, as
well as Maryland and the District.
Evening star., 1947-10-29

GROUPPden
Rights which today that
now Cleft
Richard Potter guest who
Dickey
of
Evening star., 1947-10-29

Sadie Alexander Philadelphia
Atlanta
of
Attorney
welt the committee
-AP
Evening star., 1947-10-29

evident in Washington's concern for
the health of its residents" the
committee CHARGED
Evening star., 1947-10-29

the Districts officialdom goes to pre-
vent interracial contact. During the
war the Office of Price Administra-
ton asked permission to use school
building at. night for in-service
training of its clerks. The request
was denied solely because the class
would have included both white and
colored employees. In the other case
white girl was ordered to with
draw from Negro vocational school
where she had enrolled for course
not offered by any other public
school in Washington.
Private universities in the District
have followed the lead of the public
schools. Two of the large univer-
sites and most of the smaller schools
admit no colored students. Ameri-
can University admits them to its
School of Social Science and Public
Affairs, but not to the College Of
Arts and Sciences. Catholic Uni
Rersity, on the other hand. presents
an outstanding example of success.
full interracial education. In the
last few years Negroes have beer
admitted, and there is no color dis.
tinction in classes. Last year q
Negro was elected a class off1cer
The presence of Howard University
in Washington alleviates somewhat
the problem of higher education fol
the Districts Negroes. While How.
ard University is primarily Negro
institution, it also admits white
students
DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING.
=. In the past many of Washing
tons Negroes and whites have .lives
close together in many parts of tn,
city, and. where mixed neighbor
hoods still exist, incidents of racia
friction are rare. Now. however
Negroes are increasingly beint
forced into few overcrowded slums
Programs for the development o
Evening star., 1947-03-30
Iceland Airbase Demi|itarized
Air Transport Command Starts Evacang Reavk Field and America
Arnes Prepares Move in Under Reciprocal Arrangements

REYKJAVIK, Iceland, Mar. %
OelayeO The Yanks are pulling
out OF here at long last-7Oo more or
less wild-eyed GIs bound for the
U. S. A.!
BY April $, according to Uncle
Sans agreement with this little
island republic, the last of Air
Transport Command troops will be
waving good-by to Iceland's snowy
headlands, and to the great airbase
they helped to operate in war and
peace through all kinds of Arctic
weather.
Celebrations are a thin hona a
dozen out at Reflavik (formerly
Meeks) Field. In fact the whole
country is inclined to join in, for no
matter how much the Icelanders
like the Yankees, they love their
independence more. And that goes
for all occupying authorities, how
ever friendly, whether British,
Danish or the Vikings of old.
Communists Objected.
This happiness to be rid of a
foreign force springs from the fierce
desire for peace and independence
of a people who have maintained
their own free Parliament for 1000
years and now find themselves
spotted, in day of power politics,
on a strategic stepping stone be-
tween the Old and New Worlds,
about midway on the shortest air
route from Washington to Moscow.
1t could be fairly hot spot.
Under these circumstances, the
new commercial agreement by which
American Overseas Airlines is taking
over operations at the airbase from
the ATC with full consent of a
representative Icelandic government
is another victory for the American
way of life, observers here say.
Pressure against the agreement was
intense, both from Moscow and from
Evening star., 1947-03-30

of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Sea
east of the Ross Ice Shelf.
3. Discovery Of at least three
lofty mountain ranges near the
coast, all presumably links in a
chain encircling the continent.
4. Discovery of warm, ice-free
oasis of green and blue lakes, more
than 1000 square miles in area, off
the coast of Wilkes Land. This
appears to be the most habitable
spot in Antarctica and presumably
is due to an underground heating
system of some kind, possibly VOL
canic. There may be many such
areassin the interior of the CONT
nent.
S. Mapping for the first time more
than 1000 miles of the continental
coast. This coast, as pictured on
maps in the past, has been largely
conjectural. 1t was deduced from
distant observations, directions of
ocean currents, etc. The Navy ex-
plorers found that, more often than
not, the charted coast had little
relation to the real coast. Reported
mountain ranges disappeared or ran
in different directions.
6. Demonstration of the wartime
secret weapon the airborne
magnetometer, as probably the most
useful instrument ever placed in the
hands Of the geographer. It makes
possible for the first time the rough
mapping of Antarctica under the
ice. Since this ice cap is in some
places more than a mile deep with
very few breaks, this is a job which
would have required centuries by
conventional methods, using arti-
flcial earthquake waves.
Great Interest in Oasis.
From the standpoint of popular
interest undoubtedly the most in
teresting of these discoveries was
that of the oasis. The continent is
essentially lifeless. Except for the
Palmer Peninsula which projects
north of the Antarctic circle the
only plants are low orders of moses
and lichens and the highest animal,
except for seals on the ice edges
and birds which fly over, is a wing
less mosquito. In addition there
are microscopic organisms which
live and apparently multiply in the
ice itself and of which there are
countless quadrillions in the chill
waters. Obviously life of any high
order cannot exist where the ice
never melts.
But there always has remained a
f1imsy basis for speculation that
somewhere in the vast unknown
Evening star., 1947-03-30

through to the United Kingdom.
That was one-way traffic, mostly,
while ATC transports moved west
as well as east.
1t seemed strange in this familiar
war setting to see bombers and
transports in battle paint replaced
by silver giants with commercial
symbols on their noses and civilians
instead of soldiers loading and
unloading.
In the central group of quonset
huts, the only ones which seemed
busy on that vast plain dotted with
hundreds of others, civilians were
replacing ATC personnel in Office
and control towers, and taking over
hangars and servicing operations.
The bulk of the ground force was
made up of Icelanders, many of
whom have been trained as tech
nicians by Americans-radio oper-
ators, traffic control experts, me-
chanics and servicemen. They have
become employees of the Iceland Air
port Corp, under contract with
American Airlines.
Reciprocal Agreement.
Under her agreement with the
United States, Iceland has been
granted reciprocal rights to operate
an airline into this country should
the need arise. This stop on the
northern route to Europe un-
doubtedly will be popular one with
air travellers of the future.
Even homesick GIs, now that they
are about to leave, admit there is a
strong appeal about grandeur Of
Icelandic scenery, with its snowy
volcanoes, glaciers, hot springs and
rugged headlands.
At any rate, the country is now
little more than an overnight hop
from Washington-a fact which
seems incredible to all but the air.
men who blazed the trail
Evening star., 1947-03-30
and Nauy Photos.

the crew. Day after day it was nee
essary to cancel operations, due
either to high winds and rough seas
which prevented takeoffs or to low
clouds and fog which made photog-
raphy impossible. Several flights
were forced back q few minutes
after starting. But every fight
which actually got over the con-
tinent paid big dividends in chang
ing maps. Meanwhile a boom
town" was set up and operated on
the ice, crucial experiment in ice
navigation of great significance to
naval tactics was completed, and
much valuable scientific research
accomplished.
These were the major purposes
OF the expedition. There was much
speculation both in the United
States and Europe as to the object
of sending 13 ships with 1000 men
into this inhospitable land. There
were rumors of establishing terri
torial claims. There were wilder
rumors of q search for the now in
valuable uranium.
Uranium Hunt Myth.
1t can be stated here that this
writer saw no evidences of any at
tempt to lay claims to any part of
the ice desert The uranium search
was absurd from the start. Very
likely there are deposits. of both
uranium and thorium under the ice,
perhaps mile deep. How any one
could detect their presence with
instruments now available is difficult
to conceive-also how they could be
mined If found. Only a chance out
cropping on rocky shore could be
found, and the chances, OF this are
less than one in a billion. The
mineral wealth of Antarctica is no
inducement at this stage in civiliza-
ton. There are millions of tons of
coal, for example, but they are not
now worth digging. There would be
no means of transporting them.
Probably the major single event
of the expedition was the flight of
two planes across the pole and about
30 miles into the unknown beyond.
For Admiral Byrd this was the Sec
ond crossing of the bottom of the
world. He had stressed that the real
objective was the great white spot"
which lies south of Africa and con-
corning which there is no knowledge
whatsoever. The South Pole is To-
Gated on high plateau at an eleva-
ton of about 5000 feet above sea
level, in striking contrast to the
North Pole which is at sea level.
Evening star., 1947-03-30
By ". H. Shibben, L.

Avofion Editor OF the Stcr
1celandic Communists, who although
in the minority are loud, aggressive
and skillfully organized in the labor
unions, especially the maritime
unions.
The most aggressive demonstra-
tion of the Communists, who call
themselves the United Socialist
Party, has been taken against the
ratification of any agreement with
the United States. Last summer
this took the form of mass picket
around small Government build
ing to prevent the departure of sew
eral Conservative members OF
Parliament.
Civilians Relieve Military.
This procedure was quite foreign
to the traditions of Iceland, where
the dignity of the individual has
been upheld since the ancient days
It caught the peaceful, law-abiding
majority by surprise. In fact, there
are only about 80 policemen in the
whole country of some 10000. The
Communists lost strength, it was
said, because of the near riot.
We came to Iceland with a party
of officials from Washington on the
first commercial flight linking the
two countries, and American Air
lines will run three round trips
weekly hereafter between New York
Iceland, Denmark, Sweden and
Norway.
Civilians were taking over from
the military when we landed at
the big airbase which Army en-
gineers and Seabees had bulldozed
from volcanic rock in the spring
and summer of 1943.
When I was last here, the four
6.600-foot runways on the southern
coast were swarming day and night
with gun-studded bombers blasting
Evening star., 1947-03-30
By Thomas r. Henry
Sfar Stoff Correspondent

As far as could be seen on a clear
day this plateau extended on the
other side. It may be possible from
this to project very tentative pic
ture Of the Antarctic continent as q
whole-the center a vast plateau
constituting the major part of the
whole sloping gradually downward
and northward until it reaches a
broken ring of high mountains bor-
dering the coasts.
New Navigation Method.
There is one interesting corollary
to this observation. About IL miles
above the earth over the United
States and most of the world is the
stratosphere-that region of the
upper atmosphere where tempera-
ture no longer declines with alti-
tude but remains constant or shows
a very slight increase. This strato-
sphere is a region of peculiar inter-
est at present as the probable road
of future intercontinental air traffic
In winter it drops to about 5000
feet above sea level over the Antarc-
tic continent. In other words, for
more than six months each year the
Antarctic continent is actually a
mile high in the stratosphere which
otherwise is attainable only by peril
GUS balloon ascensions. -.x .s
In this flight over the pole a
new method of navigation was used
based on the so-called inverse
mercator projection" especially de-
vised during the war for air travel
in polar regions. Near the pole
there is only one direction-north
Both space and time lose their
meanings. To overcome this a radi-
cal assumption is made-that one
really is flying on the Equator and
that North and South Poles are really
in equatorial latitudes. Thus chart
with fictitious directions is set up
This takes much of the uncertainty
out of polar navigation which re.
mains, at the best, exceptionally
difficult and dangerous.
The Major Discoveries.
Major geographical. discoveries, SC
far as can be determined at this
time from rough Interpretation OF
the photographs, are:
/. Confirmation of the vast extent
OF the polar plateau, especially over
Wilkes and Enderby Lands.
2. Discovery of a great inland
sea inclosed in walls of ice, but
with open water in summer, reach
ing inland from the southern shore
Evening star., 1947-03-30
Russians Are Hospitable
To Our Newsmen-But
Reporters at the Foreign Minister'S Council
Are Allowed to Move About Freely, Yet
Feel Far Removed From Everything
By Ne,Obold Noyes, L.
Stor Stoff Correspondent

MOSCOW Mar 2one Of the correspondents remarked the
other Gay that when this Foreign Ministers
he wanted to home companion was surprised
Why? he asked you've been
as well nave been ship at that
observation We twice
Evening star., 1947-03-30

Members of the Byrd-Cruzen Antarctic Erpe-
ditionrsalute as the American flag goes up at
Little America w. At right, an derological
balloon is released from the Olympus ,Dhile the
uessel floats amid an ice pack.
-AP and Nauy Photos.
Evening star., 1947-03-30

Continued on Page C-2J
Evening star., 1947-03-30

The same thing is true of the
puppet governments of Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia and Albania, all of which
can. deny that they are lending any
aid to the guerrillas. Although the
United Nations investigation will
show that the invading units take
refuge on their own territory after
raids in Greece, the Russian satel.
lite governments can claim that no
self-respecting nation would deny
shelter to political refugees.
Under these circumstances. it is
feared in Turkey that it will be diff
ficult. unless the western powers
adopt a realistic rather than a le-
{See BROWN, Page C-5J
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29
.ABL Ell AN -
4 FARMING H.

A weekly discussion devoted to the
Land and Farms of Garrett County,
edited by John Garter, County Agent,
and W. W. Mace, Soil Conserva!ionist
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29
c. E. Youth Gives Shower

Miss Mary Lewis entertained the
Lynndale Christian Endeavor at the
regular monthly party on Monday
evening with a shower for her broth
er-in-law and sister, Mr.. and Mrs.
Victor Nazelrod. Guests present were
Mr.. and Mrs. Edgar Uphole, Mr.. and
Mrs. Osborne Beckman, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Lohr, Mrs. Truman Bittinger,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Shreve, Mr.. and
Mrs. ElWood Beckman, Mr.. and Mrs.
Cecil Bittinger, Mr.. and Mrs. Albert
Sisk. Mr.. and Mrs. Isaac Beckman,
Sgt. Marvin Frederick, Mr.. and Mrs.
Harold Bittinger and children. Games
were played and refreshments were
served.
Last November Mr.. Nazelrod was
injured at Terra Alta, when a tractor
which he was helping load on a truck
slid off, pinning him beneath it. After
long weeks in the hospital, the young
man recovered. Two weeks ago as
he was engaged in building his bunga-
low, in the Bethlehem community, he
fell fl ON a ladder that broke beneath
his weight refracturing his leg.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29
With Our Men
In The Service

Charles H. Bowser, seaman, second
class, USN, son of Bernard E. Bow
ser, of Hutton, is serving aboard the
cruiser USS Wilkes-Barre, which has
visited Antwerp, Belgium, on a tour
of European waters. During the war,
the Wilkes-Barre acted as a fire sup
port ship for the invasions of the
Philippines, Two Jima, and Okinawa.
She then joined the 3rd Fleet under
command of W. F. Halsey Jr., in the
attacks that smashed the remnants
of the japanese Fleet.
On August 27, 1915, the Wilkes
Barre joined the parade Of L. S.
Naval might for the triumphal entry
Of the Bird Fleet into Sagami Wan,
Japan.
Pvt. Merlin L. Gnegy, who had
been in Japan, is now patient at
the Oliver General hospital in Au-
gusta, Ga. He is a son of Mrs. Sadie
Gnegy, route 2.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29
LOCUST GROVE

Mr.. and Mrs Harley Fearcr visited
Mr.. and Mrs. Lloyd Wakefield Satur-
day evening and purchased pig.
Misses Hiley Nansickle and Vernon
Wade Sines were callers of Mrs.
Mona Pysell.
Mr.. and Mrs. Freeman Sines and
sons and Mr.. and Mrs. Harley Fearer
We're Oakland shoppers, on Saturday.
Mrs. James Sines was a business
caller in Friendsville, on Wednesday.
Earl Bishop visited his wife in
Morgantown hospital last week
Mr.. and Mrs Reed Friend were
guests of Mrs. Pearl Friend recently.
Sunday evening guests of Samuel
Wakefield were Mr. and Mrs Wilbur
limbaugh and family, Mr. Earl
Bishop, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Smith and
family, Miss Ellen Frazee, Mr.. and
Mrs. Commodore Wakefield and
daughter, Edith, Miss African Friend,
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert limbaugh and
daughters.
Miss Arvetta Fearer and Charles
Sines were Sunday dinner guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. Freeman Sines.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lott Vansickle, of
near Blooming Rose, visited Mrs.
Ann Vansickle and daughter on Sun
day
Mrs. Nora Pysell had as weekend
guests her two nephews from Mark
leysburg, Pa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Vansickle
were, visiting Mr.. Samuel Vansickle,
on Sunday.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29
MARRIED

Frics-Sweitzer-Miss Mary Alice
Sweitzer, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
Edward Sweitzcr, Swanton. became
the bride of Arlington B. Fries, of
Mt. Lake Park, on Sunday, May %,
at the Glen Haven house where they
are now residing. Rev. Austin F.
Schildwachter, Episcopal rector, per-
formed the ceremony.
Immediate members of the family
and Mrs. Charles Wendlandt, of New
ark, N. j., and Miss Doris MARBLE, of
Table Rock, were invited guests.
The bride was attired in a street
length dress of sheer blue with white
accessories and wore a corsage of
pink rosebuds. Maid of honor was
Miss Rose Ellen Lee, Fairmont, w.
Va, niece of the groom. Lloyd A.
Parish, Swanton, nephew of the
bride, was best man. The wedding
cake and dinner were prepared by
Nora Sweitzer, sister of the bride.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1947-05-29

Thomas Bender, students at the Uni
versity of Maryland and Mr.. and Mrs.
Merle Hershberger and family, at
Hyattsville.
Harry Huff has returned to Hag-
Mr.. and Mrs. Ira L. Huff.
Mr. and Mrs Earl Bowser, Addi-
son, Pa, announce the birth of a
daughter, May 10, in Hazel McGilvery
Hospital, Meyersdale, Pa. Mrs. Bow
ser is the former Miss Louise Winner,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Earl VIM
Ell, Grantsville.
Mrs. Virginia Stanton, who spent
the winter with Mr. and Mrs. John
son Sites in Elkins, w. Va, has re-
turned to her home at Little Cross
ings.
Mrs. William Roantree, Ashville,
N. c., has arrived here to spend sew
eral months at the Casselman Hotel.
Mrs Charles l. Bevans returned to
her home in Washington, Thursday,
after spending the past week with
her mother, Mrs. Agnes Brenneman.
Mrs. Wilfed Warne, Miss Alice
Hetz, Mrs. Lloyd Morton and Mrs.
Samuel Grove, of near Homecoming,
attended the district meeting of the
WSCS at Keyser, w. Va, last Tues
day.
Harvey Gortner, C. O. Keller, Ben
ny Epstein, Luther Huff, D. w,
Hershberger, Edgar Bender, Donald
Lewis and James Georg attended the
banquet at Frostburg last Friday
evening honoring Paul H. Griffith,
national commander of the Ameri-
can Legion.
Treble Clef held an interesting
meeting on Monday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Parsons are
visiting friends in Baltimore and
Salisbury, and Mrs. Parsons brother,
Raymond Gnagey, in East Orange,
n. j.
Mrs. Eugene Peck, widow of the
late Dr.. Peck, former health officer
in Garrett County, of Leonardtown,
spent several days with Mr.. and Mrs.
j. F. F'ahey.
The Farm Bureau group No. l
held its monthly meeting at the home
of Misses Beulah and Ida Engle,
"Englewood". Guy Stanton, chairman
of the discussion group conducted the
meeting Twelve members were pres
ent. Refreshments were served.
Mrs. j. L. Fresh, of Akron, Ohio,
is visiting her brother-in-law and
sister, Mr.. and Mrs Henry F. burst.
Mr.. and Mrs. Memo Miller, Sails
bury, Pa; Mrs. Maud Springer, of
Brownsville, visited Mrs. Mary Liven-
good Sunday.
The annual planning meeting was
held at the Arlington Club of the
local Southern States Cooperative
Stores. Twenty-three were present
Officers were nominated for the
election to be held August II, at the
Annual Patrons meeting in the