Evening star., 1947-07-04
Second Reuuisite,

Second Requisite.
A second requisite of peace among
nations is common respect for basic
human rights. Jefferson knew the
relationship between respect for
these rights and peaceful democracy
We see today with equal clarity the
relationship between respect for
human rights and the maintenance
of world peace. So long as the basic
rights of men are denied in any sub
stantial portion of the earth, men
everywhere must live in fear Of their
own rights and their own security.
We have learned much in the last
Is years from Germany, Italy and
Japan about the Intimate relation
ship of dictatorship, aggression, and
the loss of human rights. The prob
lem of protecting human rights has
been recognized in the Charter OF
the United Nations, and commits
sion is studying the subject at this
time.
No country has yet reached the
absolute in protecting human rights
In all countries, certainly including
our own, there is much to be accom-
plished. The maintenance of peace
will depend to an important degree
upon the progress that is made
within nations and by the United
Nations in protecting human rights
Third Requisite.
The third requisite of peace is the
free and full exchange of knowledge
ideas and information among the
peoples of the earth, and maximum
freedom in international travel and
communication.
Jefferson well understood this
principle. On one occasion he said
If nation expects to be ignorant
and free in state of peace, it ex-
poets what never was and never will
be-" Today, We can paraphrase
these words in international terms
as follows: If the nations of the
world expect to live in ignorance
and suspicion of each other in a
state Of peace. they expect what
never was and never will be-"
Many members of the United Ma
tions have jointly created and now
support the United Nations Educa-
tional, Scientific and Cultural Or
ganization for the purpose of pro-
noting the free exchange of ideas
and information among the peoples
Of the earth. In the preamble to
the constitution of this organiza-
ton, the member nations have de-
clared that 'the wide diffusion of
culture and the education of hu-
manity for justice and liberty and
peace constitute a sacred duty
which all the nations must fulfill"
The United States has taken a
leading role in furthering this ideal
We believe that it is essential to
a peaceful and prosperous world.
We believe that common knowledge
and understanding among men can
be greatly expanded in the years
to come. We have the mechanical
facilities-the radio, television, air.
planes-for the creation of world
wide culture. We have only to set
them to work for international good.
Some Mountain Barriers.
Unfortunately, a number of coun-
tries maintain barriers against the
flow of information and ideas into,
or out of. their territories. Many
of them restrict international travel,
some of them, behind barriers of
their own creation, present to their
citizens carefully selected or dis
torted versions of the facts about
other countries. They teach and
broadcast distrust and scorn of their
neighbors.
These activities of organized mis-
trust lead the people away from
peace and unity. They are far
cry from contributing to the full
and free exchange of knowledge and
ideas which we need If we are to
have a peaceful world.
The first step to end ignorance
and suspicion would be to stop
propaganda attacks upon other ma
tions. The second step would be
to let the barriers to information,
ideas and travel. The final step
would be to cooperate with other
nations who are so earnestly en-
deavoring to increase friendly un-
derstanding among men.
Here at the home of Thomas JET
ferson, who dedicated his life to
liberty, education and intellectual
freedom, I appeal to all nations and
to all peoples to break down the
artificial barriers that separate
them. I appeal for tolerance and
restraint in the mutual relations OF
nations and peoples. And I appeal
for a free flow of knowledge and
ideas that alone can lead to a har-
monious world.
Fourth Requisite.
The fourth requisite of peace is
that nations shall devise their eco
nomic and financial policies to sup
port a world economy rather than
separate nationalistic economies.
1t is important to recognize that
the United States has heavy respon-
sibilities here. The United States is
the greatest industrial nation in the
world, the leading exporter of agri-
cultural products and the greatest
creditor nation. Europe and Asia
on the other hand, have been devas-
tated by war, and with insufficient
funds and materials are struggling
desperately with mountainous prob