davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Denmark-U. s. Discuss Bases

started in 1899 resulted in another
treaty being signed in 1902, ceding
the islands to this country for
IS ,000, 900. This time the United
States Senate ratified the treaty, but
the Danish Parliament rejected it
by tie vote.
Prestige Involved
President Wilson became deeply
interested" in the island after the
First World War broke out, and
ordered his Secretary of State
Lansing to take the matter up very
seriously" again in June, 1915.
This time, the Danish government
was reluctant to discuss a deal-just
as it now is reluctant for reasons of
national prestige to consider perma-
nent American rights in Greenland.
The Danish Foreign Minister de-
clared that cession of the Danish
West Indies would "be felt as a great
national loss, and only under the
pressure of necessity would our
country consider consisting to such
a step"
The necessary pressure" resulted
from the war situation then, when
lit was feared that Germany might
come into possession of the islands
through possible absorption of Den
mark. Secretary Lansing told
Danish Minister Brun here that he
could conceive of circumstances"
which would compel the United
States to occupy the islands. This
statement, the Danish Foreign Min
lister said, put his government lin
such a position that it will not be
able to refuse to consider a propo-
sition from the United States"
From then on, it was merely a
matter of agreeing on the SIS 900 900
price and other details of the treaty
concluded the following year.
| So far as its known now, the
closest approximation to such pres
sure in connection with Greenland
is Gen. Marshall's insistence that
the pending consultations take
United States and hemisphere de-
fense requirements fully into ac-
count" The difference is that the
United States Is not seeking sov-
ereighty over Greenland, as 1t OBJ
tanned over the West Indian islands.
Evening star., 1947-07-13
NeutOn
Continued From Page C-1.)

COIlGlIlueQ from rage C-lJ
mills were closed down, such favor
able conditions might not have been
brought back for long time.
Commercial coal operators, who
grudgingly accepted the terms of
the steel-Lewis pact, admit that
current orders for coal are spf11-
GENTLY large to enable absorption
OF the higher operating costs. Both
the overseas and domestic demand
for the fuel are at peacetime highs.
The favorable trade balance could
disappear quickly what with produc-
ton at a peacetime high and the
probability that higher coal prices
will accelerate industrial conver-
sion to oil and other fuels.
The industry foresees perhaps a
year of good business. After that,
the operators preoict the start of
lean, normal" years with the clos
ing of hundreds Of high-cost, mar
ginal mines. For a number of years
before the war the coal industry, as
a whole, lost money.
A Look at the Past
II the dull days come, the mine
workers will catch it, too.
Coal operators wonder whether
the new contract eventually will
prove another Jacksonville agree
ment" to the miners union.
Back in 1922. after a long strike,
Mr.. Lewis succeeded in pushing
thorugh contract boosting the
miners pay from Sc to $3.50 per
day. The agreement was signed in
Jacksonville. The size Of the pay
boost was something of q record
for that time.
The mine workers had a strong
union at the time-about 100000
members, or as many as it has now.
The coal industry hit bad days.
Operators said they could not run
their mines at the accepted wage.
Many mines closed. Hungry workers
left the union and accepted jobs
in mines at less than scale pay.
The result was many fields went
open shop and membership in the
union dwindled off.
Things went from bad to worse
for Mr.. Lewis and his union. A
rival organization, the Progressive
Miners, picked up thousands of the
old UNIV men. The depression hit
coal mining harder than 1T did most
industries. Finally, in 1888, the
National Recovery Act was passed.
Mr.. Lewis used the provision of the
act protecting the right Of a worker
to join union and to rebuild his
Mr.. Lewis slogan In 1922 was:
Never q Backward STEP"
Evening star., 1947-07-13
China Vital to i. S. Defense

affect our own security. According
to American observers recently re-
turned from China the Russians aim
to place the portion Of China be-
tween Manchuria and Tibet under
Soviet supremacy. The rest Of that
vast country will be left to It's own
devices and recovery will be pre-
vented by fomenting civil wars and
political and economic chaos with
the assistance of ambitious and 'un-
scrupulous war lords who are will
ing to fight for personal profit.
Under these conditions and with.
out even Americas moral support,
Gen. Chang Is expected to dis
appear from the Chinese scene
within a year or less. The ideolo-
gists in the State Department thus
will have played nYittingly into
Soviet hands.
A strong and friendly China, our
military and naval experts main
tain, would be serious threat to
whatever aims Russia might harbor
in the Western Hemisphere. With
a strong Chinese Army on her fianks
the Moscow leaders would think
twice before deciding on any rash
action.
Position Changes
Our stand In favor Of the Chinese
National government since 1881,
when the Japanese first entered
Manchuria, a stand which brought
head-on clash with, Japan In 1941,
has now. been changed. Policy
trainers In the State Department
have decided that China Is no longer
democratic and does not deserve
our support, which the military
considers more important than ever
in the past.
China Is not a democracy In the
American sense of the word. But
neither was she democracy when
we came to her assistance 16 years
ago. There have been no radical
changes in China for ages. But
there appear to have been some
fundamental changes in the new
policy-frarners In the State Depart
ment, changes which we hope will
not affect Americas security. How
ever. some observers fear that mis-.
taken ideas about foreign countries
could prove expensive, indeed, for
the American people.
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Continued From Page CID

cal and economic interests to the
whole of Greenland"
The famous Arctic explorer, Rear
Admiral Robert E. Peary. in 1916
article protested what he termed
the trading away of "our rights ir
Greenland" His explorations in
Greenland had been extensive, ano
he pointed out that it had been
more or less intimately >associateo
with American polar expeditions fol
so years. He posed this pertinent
question:
u. S. Long Interested
"Will turning Greenland over to
Denmark now mean our repurchase
of it later, or will obtaining it now
mean closing the incident and plac-
ing Greenland where it must ulti-
mately belong?"
American interest in Greenland
had been expressed long before that
by President Lincoln's Secretary OF
State Seward, who proposed the
purchase of both Greenland and
Iceland as a defense measure while
he was negotiating the purchase OF
Alaska from Russia.
But in the World War I period
just after completion of the Panama
Canal, American strategists over
looked Greenland's importance in
their eagerness to obtain the Danish
West Indies-now the Virgin Islands
to complete a ring Of defenses
for the Canal
Danish pride, now calling for the
most delicate sort of negotiations
regarding Greenland, long was ar
obstacle to American acquisition of
the Virgin Islands, after an initial
fiasco on the American side in 1858
A treaty ceding the islands to this
country was signed in 1857 and
ratified the next year by Denmark
But it was rejected by the United
States Senate as a by-product Of the
political struggle then going on be-
tween the Senate and President
Johnson in the aftermath Of the
Civil War.
The Spanish American War again
stirred United States interest In the
Danish West Indies and negotiations
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Continued From Page C-1)

infiltrate Manchuria before Gen.
Chiang's troops arrived.
All kinds Of obstacles were placed
in the National governments way
to favor the Yenan puppets. AL
these were sugar-coated for the
good reason that there was still a
strong American Army In China.
which under strong provocation
could have acted. Frantic propa-
ganda to get the Americans out OF
China was. begun by the Com
munists and so-called liberal"
newspapers and radio commentators.
Chiang's Plight
But Gen. Chang still had Amer
ican-trained divisions which were
no match for the Russian and Japa-
nese-trained Communists. He had
obtained the promise of q loan from
Washington to bolster his forces.
The amount earmarked by the Ex-
port-Import Bank was $500, ,o00, 900.
But he soon discovered that Amer
lean laws would not permit him TO
buy military equipment in this
country. The money could, how
ever, he thought, be used to alleviate
China's acute economic crisis.
This crisis was ascribed by the
political philosophers in the State
Department to the crookedness OF
the Chang administration. In fact,
however, it was impossible for the
Nanking government to remedy the
situation when the country was In
the throes Of war against the Yenan
Communists, who are receiving
strong support from Russia.
Some Possibilities
The Chinese government is being
told now by Washington that cred
it's would be available If they are to
be used for sound rehabilitation
projects. How can such projects be
planned by q government which is
fighting for its life? This. argument
Is answered by our policy-framers
What about making peace with the
Communists" No such suggestion
is being made by Moscow to Mao
Tse- -tung when he asks for military
equipment and support in the per-
sons Of Japanese instructors OF
Korean Red-trained divisions.
The Chinese tragedy can easily
Evening star., 1947-07-13

and exciting local ambitions. This
the establishment of some sort Of
loose federation based upon private
ownership of land and individual
human rights.
Unfortunately, the movement did
not succeed, and the Balkans con-
tinued to be a scene of local rival
ries and foreign influences. So,
when World War II arrived, the
Balkans were again engulfed and
suffered as terribly as they had a
generation before.
Rivalries Continued
The agreement among the Allied
Big Three" to assign the conquest
of most of the Balkans from the
Axis to Soviet Russia precipitated
the present situation. Wherever the
Soviet armies or Soviet agents pene-
trated, they proceeded to establish
dominated regimes, even
when the local Communists were an
insignificant minority. And they
then ruthlessly suppressed all oppo-
sition to their rule Moscow's aim
is clear: The establishment of a
Balkan Federation closely knit with
Soviet Russia and perhaps ulti-
mately forming an integral part of
an enlarged Soviet Union. But such
unif1cation would be at the expense
of all those individual rights and
liberties for which Balkan idealists
had worked and dreamed. 1t would
be a unification essentially imposed
from without, like that of the Turks,
centuries before. And it would 60
counter to both historic national
evolution and liberal theology.
People Not Resigned
That the Balkan peoples are far
from being resigned to the lot
planned for them in Moscow has
been dramatically shown during re-
cent weeks. A number of prominent
leaders, especially Of the peasant
parties, who have succeeded in es-
Gaping from their oppressed home
lands to Western Europe or America,
have issued strong public protests
and are forming joint program for
common action. For the moment,
this program envisages appeals to
the conscience of the civilized world
and attempts to get their case pre-
sented before the United Nations.
These leaders have already found
allies in similar exiles from Hun
gary, Poland and other lands beyond
the Soviet Iron curtain" whose
hopes and aims for liberation are
identical, and whose future plans
for their own countries are much the
same. Indeed, this whole nascent
movement strongly resembles the
Green International movement, al
ready noted, after World War I.
The logic of such q movement
would seem to be more obvious and
its need more pressing than even
after World War I. Bitter expert
ence has been teaching the Balkan
peoples that their sole hope of
better life lies in a common UNDER
standing based upon mutual respect
and individual guarantees. Modern
methods of communication can over
come geographical barriers and lead
to economic integration before i'm
practicable. "The Balkans for the
Balkan peoples" is a slogan of which
we will probably hear much in the
near future. Today, 1t is being mis-
used by Moscow's local Communist
proconsuls. But they should not
have the last word.
Evening star., 1947-07-13

table china, sheets. towels, nails
goods that mean the difference be-
tween hope and Illustration for the
common citizen, and perhaps the
difference between democracy and
communism.
Not a single such purchase will
be made without an American okey,
so that, ifsin the end the program
fails, it will be as much fault OF
Americans as Greeks.
But after the economic plans are
outlined. the policy thinking becomes
foggy.
There is need, for one thing, to
stop the predatory raids by the
guerrilla bands on Greece's small viii
lagos. The raids impoverish the
villages, and they discourage the
villagers from planting the nearby
fields.
Guerrillas a Problem
A step has been made in the di-
rection of bringing the guerrillas
back to productive life. The Greek
Foreign Minister, Constantin Tsal-
daris, has announced the govern
ment will grant a general amnesty
toward all political dissidents (the
guerrillas) providing the United Ma
tions will take on the responsibility
of guarding Greece's northern bor-
der with a permanent Balkan COM
mission.
The U. N. Security Council will
have to approve that Balkan COM
mission, and through all the Balkan
discussion. so far. the Russians have
slowed down action.
One further major political re.
form in Greece the United States
Government simply CLOSES over.
There has been wide demand in
Greece, as we'll as elsewhere, for q
Greek cabinet that would includs
more members of the middle parties,
even the left-wing middle parties.
This the United States State De-
partment is not now ready to en-
force. So far as American plans
are now concerned, the American
economic and military missions will
have to wangle their reforms out
of the old royalist crowd which Is
still in power.
However, the United States State
Department may be feeling its way
slowly to political changes in Greece
changes which 1t is not now ready
to divulge for fear Of slowing down
the economic plans.
MacVeagh Gave a Hint
The hint lies in a speech made
by the United States Ambassador
to Greece, Lincoln Macveagh. when
he spoke to a Boston audience In
March.
He said then that the United
States Government would never sup
port a Greek government Of lex
tremists," presumably extremes OF
the right" would be as distaste-
full as extremes Of the left
He also limited at future elec-
ton which could change the COM
plexion of the cabinet provided the
Greek people want that.
He said: Believe me, our pol
icy is not aimed at support Of any
government except government
the people may themselves choose
when tranquility and security are
re-established."
(DfStrihuted by thu Associated Press)
Evening star., 1947-07-13

was so badly COMPOUNDED tnat Ine'
Greeks had to ask the United States
help to prevent Communist grab.
Even so, with failure" written
large across the face Of today's
Greek government. the United States
hesitates to make political sugges-
tions for fear Of being charged with
intervention"
That split-between = clear-cut
economic policy and foggy political
one-is causing some embarrass-
ment among State Department
advisers.
Economic Plan Clear
The economic program tthe man
ner In which each American dollar.
is spent) is quite clear.
The Greek government has agreed
that Americans can approve any
government expenditures which
directly or indirectly involve the
use of American aid" That about
covers everything. The burden now
lies with the intelligence of Ameri-
cans in Greece. There will be about
$50 civilians working on this eco
nomic program under the direction
of the former Governor of Nebraska,
Dwight Griswold, Another 100 will
be in Greece as members of the mill
tary mission.
The economic mission faces q
complicated picture. 1t hopes:
/. To put in an income tax which,
for the first time in Greek history,
will tax on the American principle
of ability to pay" with the rich
paying q proportionately larger
share.
p 2. To insist slowly upon keeping
business records (something Greeks
have never done) so the income tax
law can be enforced.
8. To tax rich Greek citizens no
matter where they live. Rich Greeks
have traditionally taken their money
out of the country and salted it
away in the American dollar and
the English pound sterling.
Funds for Civilian Needs
4. To limit the purchases abroad
so that Greek foreign exchange
can be used for the necessities Of
many wheat, for example) as
against the luxuries now bought by
the few (over-extravagant autos, for
example,.
5. To cut down the number Of
Greeks getting their living as gov
ernment employees, and to insist on
honesty. Between low government
salaries and inflated prices, the
Greek civil service has become badly
Quilted by men who will violate any
law for a small bribe. So say visit
ing Greeks. H@'s@
6. To get into the country enough
immediate needs--clothes, seeds,
shoes, medicine-to cut down the
inflated prices and get some neces-
stiles into the ordinary Greek home.
The 5000, ,0oo, 900 purse the United
States will spend in Greece has
been broken into three large sec
tions for the civilian needs. They
include:
(A) Fifty millions for reconstruc-
ton, such as housing, mining equip
ment and repair Of ports, roads and
railroads.
l. OBJ Twenty millions for agricul-
tural needs, such as seeds, fertilizers,
processing plants and storage.
Co Some 80 millions will 60 for
consumers goods. like shoes, clothes
Evening star., 1947-07-13

me LutL, Oe0TUeG, JS-ye0T-OtG
Mahdrdjah of Patidla dresses
in manner that reflects the
pomp and riches tradtionally
associated ,Dith India's princes.
Wide World Photos.
princely states, not a single one
yet has given up the right to have
the final say on all matters.
Opinions vary whether the Maha-
rajahs who plan to remain inde-
pendent can hold out for any length
of time. Only q small number OF
them have vital seaports, and sane
tions could be applied against al
most all of them which would make
1t impossible even to put through
a telephone call to a point outside
their borders, much less maintain
commercial lifelines.
Geography a Factor.
Geography is expected to play an
important role in the future Ct the
princely states.
For instance. Hyderabad. The
largest of the states, lies in Central
India. To join Pakistan would be
unfeasible. Other complications in
clude the fact that although the
Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar
who is known as "the richest man
in the world" is a Moslem, sbout
80 per cent of his population is
Hindu.
: On the other hand, another oi
the biggest states, Kashmir, has q
Hindu Maharajah ruling a predomi.
nantly Moslem population and is sc
situated that its best bet would be
Pakistan. 1t would give Pakistar
one of Indias finest vacation lands
but also one of its finest headaches
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Balkans Playing OldRole :
AsaDiplomatic Football
Europe's Complex Trouble Spot Has Been the
Scene of Local Rivalries and Foreign
Influence Since Early Greece
By Lothrop Stoddord

The Balkans playing role they have often played
affairs several
historically peoples unable evolve
stability Intervention bigger outside
their periaic
exciting local ambitions This
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Greek Aid Mission Faces
Foggy Political Sailing
Clear Cut Economic Pattern Is Drawn for
US. Emissaries to Hellenes, but Greece's
Government May Be Problem
By Siqrid Arne

United intends into Greece VIII
dollar dollar, the American mission decides
pattern clear cut. but far
single political the United States for
Greek postwar government
this oyal administration that Greek confusion
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-22

Squirrel hunters during the
first week of the shooting season
which opened September l3 re-
port good shooting but some
what scattered due to the light
nut crop in many areas.
Indication from the Law En-
forcement office of the Ohio Div
ision of Conservation are that
some areas have unusually pro-
ductive of good shooting due to
the large number of arrests re-
corded for hunters exceeding the
legal bag limit of four squirrels.
Hunters who have "stuck" to
one area with patience usually
required for squirrel hunting have
returned home empty handed
while those who moved here and
there in search of the bushy-tails
have enjoyed reasonably good
luck.
The season will close Saturday,
September 81
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-22
Woodstock News

here, with his wife.
Vernon McQuilken of Colum-
bus, was a visitor here Wednes-
day.
Edward Watts, of Columbus,
spent Monday and Tuesday here
with his mother, Mrs. James
Barnhart and family.
Among those from here attend
ing the races in Delaware We'd
nesday were, Newt Smith, Russell
Smith,, Robert Smith, Junior
Smith, Howard Martin, Marion
Stanley and Frank Howell.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1947-09-22
Garden Club

Garden Club
Mrs. Walter Black was hostess
to members of the -Four Season"
garden club at her home north of
here Monday evening. Mrs. Law
renee Wallace, president presided
and the following program was
presented. Prayer; roll call, what
would you like to study this next
year; tips for the month by Mrs.
George Ingram; Phloix, by Mrs.
Avery Murray, and an interesting
display of tree scrapbooks was
shown.
Lions Club
The Woodstock Lions club held
their regular meeting in their
club rooms, Tuesday evening. A
delicious dinner was served and
Richard Lincoln, president pre-
sided, at the meeting. School dis
cussion formed the evenings topic
and proved very interesting.
There was a good attendance.
Large Mushraarns Found
Four large puff ball variety
mushrooms were found on farm
south of Woodstock, Tuesday. One
of the large ones weighed close to
nine pounds and measured As
inches around. 1t was on display
at Oberdier's store, by Pearl ELS
worth. 1t was sliced in large
steaks which were delicious.
To College
Philip Smith, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. o. P. Smith, left Wednesday,
for Annapolis, Md, to re-enter
st. Johns College for the fall
term.
Church Trustee Meeting
A meeting of the Universalist
church tructees was held, Monday
evening, at the home of Rev.
Homer Gleason. Plans were made
for the centennial, Sunday, Sept.
Il, and bills were paid.
Personals
Mrs. Marion Stanley and sons,
attended the Funk reunion, Sun
day held at the home of James S.
Webb, in Springfield.
Roy Oberdier transacted busi-
ness in Columbus, Monday.
Mrs. Charles Clark and Mrs.
Robert Oberdier, were visiting
with relatives in Bellefontaine,
Monday.
Roger Clark, Robert Oberdier,
Max Westfall and David Gleason
attended the Legion meeting in
North Lewisburg Monday eve
ming.
Charles Shinn left Saturday for
Michigan, after a two weeks visit