davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-07-21
The Real Test Is Cominq

Despite earlier threats of blind slashes
in the Appropriations Committee, the
House has lived up to it's responsibilities
in approving funds of more than $780,
100000 for foreign aid. With the measure
now before the Senate, where favorable
action is certain, the world thus has clear
evidence of Americas readiness at this
time to devote a great deal of its substance
to the task of checking the totalitarian
tide and promoting decent peace by
helping hard-presSed independent coun-
tries to get back on their feet.
The funds voted for by the House have
been voted for with these objectives pri-
marily in mind. The cuts are minor. The
one affecting the War Departments re-
quest for $725 ,OOO, 900 to cover occupation
costs over a 15-month period seems more
apparent than real because the House
action provides for expenditures on a
I2-month basis. Another cut-denying
$18,00000O in relief to Hungary and Poland
lis significant chiefly as a measure of
congressional temper regarding the real
ism of extending help to any Russian
satellite. The important fact is that the
requests of President Truman and Secre-
tary Marshall-who have the responsibility
of shaping and executing our foreign
policy-have been substantially met, in
cluding the request for $400 100000 to give
economic and military help to Greece and
Turkey.
All this is as it should be, and the Senate
can be counted upon to be not less aware
of it than the House. With the Russian
challenge to be met everywhere in the
world, American foreign policy obviously
must be more than a statement of prin
cipleS or a series of protests enunciated
by the executive branch of the Govern
ment. 1t must be backed by action, and
that means that Congress must support
it afflrmatively-on a bipartisan basis
just as the House has just done and as
the Senate is now preparing to do.
The $1,350,OOO,OO0 aid program, of course,
is not the end of what must be done. On
the>contrary, not many months from now,
Congress will almost certainly be called
upon to approve far greater expenditures.
That will be the time of the real test of
this Nations determination to throw it's
ful weight behind the effort to build
good and enduring peace and counter the
totalitarian threat to our free western
civilization. The contest has Just begun,
and it's outcome will be largely determined
by the willingness or lack of willingness
of the American people-and their Con-
greSs-to see it through.
Evening star., 1947-07-21
Utah Centennial

Their gentle" neighbors as we'll as the
descendants of the original Mormon settlers
are celebrating the centenary of the arrival
of Brigham Young and his followers in
the valley of the Great Salt Lake. 1t was
on July "a, 1847, that the company of Lat
ter Day Saints and their president COM
pleted the long and wearisome march from
Florence, Nebraska. One hundred and
forty-three men, three women and two
children finished the trek. Some members
of the party wanted to continue westward
to California. 1t was the personal decision
of their leader to remain in the desert
This" he declared, lis the place"
But more than firm definition of pur-
pose was needed to establish the empire
Young had visioned. Fortunately, he real
lied the magnitude of the task. His exam
pie was contagious enough to serve the
need of the colonists. Courage, hard labor,
wholehearted cooperation went into the
enterprise. The alkaline flats around
Americas Dead Sea" were plowed and
planted. Water from the mountains was
brought to nourish the crops. A made-to-
order city was designed and gradually
built. Hundreds of smaller communities
were organized. The hostile Indians of the
area first were fought and then systemat-
ically placated. A policy of isolation
slowly but effectively was abandoned
Young created the State of Deseret and
was it's Governor from 1849 to 1851. There
after for six years he was head of the ter
ritorial administration under Federal
control. When the telegraph line came
in" during the autumn of 1851 he sent to
Washington as greeting the announce
ment: Utah has not seeded"
Now, a century after the disciples of
Moroni inaugurated their experiment in
the sunbaked wilderness, the success of
the endeavor is acclaimed universally. If
the trials and tribulations of the past are
not forgotten, they at least are compre-
hended as the growing pains" of an un-
dertaking of worldwide significance.
Nothing accomplished by Young and his
immediate adherents was easy to do and
nothing currently being attempted by the
heirs of their genius is easy. Stalwart
toilers, filled with faith in themselves as
we'll as fidelity to the Lord. keep the desert
blooming The praise of "alien" visitors
Is an honorable portion of their reward.
Evening star., 1947-07-21

occupation partition, the vital Ruhr was
placed in the British sphere.
The PotSdam agreement was nullified by
failure to treat Germany as an economic
unit, the result being economic stagnation
involving staggering relief costs in the
American and British zones, chiefly borne
by us. directly or indirectly. Washington.
In particular. has come to the conclusion
that the economic revival of Germany,
and, indeed. of Western Europe. is de-
pendent on a raising of the production
level of German heavy industry--with
appropriate safeguards against its misuse
by the Germans for future aggression.
However France does not see it that
way. She SCOTS at the efficacy of any
safeguards and sees her future security
bound up with a permanent transfer of
heavy industry from Germany to herself
and other European nations. AS for Soviet
Russia, she is willing to see German indus
try stepped up. but only If Moscow has
share in running the Ruhr and benefits
from current production to satisfy its
enormous reparations bill in way that
would channel American and British aid
to Moscow's virtually sole benefit
Faced with desire of American and
Britain to implement their revival policy
in their merged zones, France now warns
them that such action on their part could
cause France to balk on the program for
European recovery under the so-called
Marshall Plan. Thus, once more, the tragic
involvement of political and theological
factors with economic considerations be-
comes manifest.
Evening star., 1947-07-21
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE

@. 1t has been stated that one-fifth Of all
the patents issued in the United States relate
to automobiles. Is this correct?-E. M. Z.
A. The United States Patent Office has made
no such computation but according to calcula-
tions of the Automobile Manufacturers Asso-
citation, 1877 per cent of all patents issued be-
tween 1899 and 1s45 related in some way to
automobiles.
@. Which was the first planet to be dis
covered in modern times?-J. L. w.
A. Uranus, found accidentally by Sir William
Herschel in 1781 was the first to be discovered
in modern times. Herschel named 1t The
Georgian in honor of King George III and
this designation was used up to 1850. Uranus
was proposed by Bode.
@. Are women more likely to dream than
mems. P.
A. Research shows that women have .
between the ages of 20 and 80 apparently dream
the most.
O. What is the sun made of?-H. H.
A. Dr. c. G. Abbot in his book, THE Earth
and the Stars" says: And the sum- what Is 1t?
tremendous globe containing almost all the
chemical elements that have been found on
earth and so hot that all of them are gaseous
There is no solid standing room on the
sun"
@. Did the apostle Paul write his own letters
or did he dictate them to some one?-C. c.
A. Pauls letters were dictated with only
few final words from his own pen by way OF
signature. However, at the end of Galatians
there are eight long verses written as he tells
us, by himself Although from the wording
it may appear that Paul wrote the whole let
ter, most Bible students believe that his state
ment refers only to the epilogue which he
added for emphasis.
@. What country first used The likeness Of
an animal upon one of Its postage stamps?-
G. r. T.
A. Canada was the first country to do 80.
In 1851 she issued stamp bearing the likeness
of beaver.
@. When and where did the ice business be-
gin in this country?-W G.
A. One Of the earliest recorded shipments
of ice occurred in 1899 when ice cut from pond
near Canal street in New York City was sent
to Charleston, S. c. BY 1880, icemen were
making their rounds in many cities and towns.
O. What makes woolenS Shrink?-V. B. A.
A. Shrinkage is due to the fact that each
tiny fiber has comparatively hard outer sur
face and a soft core which, when wet, expand
and contract in different degrees and work IN
opposite directions. This pulls the fabric to-
gether.
Evening star., 1947-07-21
The Riqht House

Is it a little house NTH bright blue shutters,
Sheltered by t,Do serene old apple trees?
Has it plume OF chimney smoke that
futters
Into the arms of every little breeze?
Is there mountain matching tn the
distance?
And do the nleadolos nod to those toho
look
Out of its ,Dindo1Ds. ,oith gay persistence!
Is there a stone UaH near it, and
brook?
Has it petunias jostHng one another,
And morning glories reaching for ths
sun?
Is 1t a house that some one ought TO
mother?
1t is? You say 1t Is? Then that's the
onet ALICE HARTICH.
Evening star., 1947-07-21

flour, 8 points" which have to be rendered
for timed goods, biscuits, dried fruit, ETC.; 2
pints of milk, shilling pence worth OF meat
and 4 ounces sweets. Vegetables and fruit are
unrationed but very expensive this year. Many
who had not previously done so grew their
own vegetables during the war and are keeping
up the habit I do this myself, but find that
the open-air exercise as well as all the domes-
tic duties make me very hungry-too hungry.
in fact Whereas once upon time mother
would say with satisfaction that her family
had large appettes, now it Is rather an afhic-
ton! The school holidays that used to be joy
fully anticipated as time to stoke the chill
dren with extra goodies are now rather to be
dreaded as nightmares of planning and con-
triving. A feeling of guilt oppresses one if a
biscuit is nibbled between meals, or If an
extra" is not shared with all the family. Food
seems to be moral issue today!
Before the war we were comfortably off on
a civil service salary but now with two adoles-
cents to keep on this wage, that, although in
creased by war bonus, actually is less than in
1899 by reason of higher deductions for taxes,
insurance, ETC., we find it hard to meet in
creased expenses. Our home is in delightful
country village 20 miles from London. A pleas
ant valley is watered by the small river Darent.
There are Tudor houses and a ruined castle,
but no school Except for infants) for miles.
As we do not come within the scope of free
education, school fees, dinners and railway
fares have to be found, and my husbands salary
falling short of what is required to keep four
people these days, have tried to earn little
by writing articles and by making handsewn
leather gloves. Even these modest activities
have been frustrated lately by the paper and
leather shortages, respectively. 1t seems that
we must meet extraordinary bills by en-
croaching on our capital (spelt with a very
small "c') and hope that it will last out until
the children are started in life. This, of course,
means for the boy Gas unwarror- minded as 1t
is possible to be- CONSUMPTION at the end of
the year.
Do not think America, that life here is only
a moan. We realize that others plights may be
worse but remember that there are hidden
depths to the surface that you are able to
skim on your trips to London. We Kentish folk
are working very hard to cultivate every bit Of
land some of which never has been titled be-
fore, in order to make our contribution to the
world food supply. We are worth helping,
America, for we try to help ourselves and those
that are most worthy are often also the most
inarticulate. The delinquents who are news"
are not England. One must look past them at
the busy industrious toilers trying to straighten
out the tangles of past years and to cultivate
the good things of life. These are most grateful
to your countrymen for the ways in which
your sympathy with our problems has been
demonstrated MARGARET BANGER,
Enfin Sparepenny Lane, Eynsford, Kent,
England.
Evening star., 1947-07-21

that the sugges- Still Relief Adminis-
tions herein made traitor?
and the principles underlying those recommen-
dations will be received and adopted by the
Board of Public Welfare in the interest OF
effecting definite economy, efficiency and
protection in the taxpayers interest"
Welfare officials are frankly worried over
the possible effects of shift in relief admin
istration of the Federal grants the District
now receives on matching basis from the
Social Security Board
The Social Security Board has specific re-
quirements which must be met in order to be-
come eligible for Federal money The welfare
board has been designated by the Commits
sioners their agent in the matter.
Whether administration by the auditor would
meet the qualifications is matter for the
Social Security Board to rule upon.
Evening star., 1947-07-21

Of these dreary times" sorrowfully report
that they were Enlightened by one glorious
name-that of Calico Galilei" In memory
of the great astronomer, for whom the
world indeed did move, funds certainly
should be found for preserving the scene
of his demonstration Of the first principles
of dynamics.
Evening star., 1947-07-21

gress is expected to
approve the bill
this week.
Some District Of
ficials say positively
that he Is If the
intent of the sub
committee as ex-
pressed in the re-
port is carried out.
They admit this
opinion is based on
the language of the
report, though,
rather than any
provisions in the
supply bill itself.
Welfare officials
Evening star., 1947-07-21
A Letter From an Englishwoman

A Letter From an Englishwoman
To the Editor of The Star:
The following letter, recently receiued 'ods
addressed Dear America:
Your ambassadors, both official and unofti-
cial come among us. and ours go over to you
but still it seems We remain unknown to
each other for in present circumstances our
travellers from both sides of the Atlantic, OF
necessity. must be those possessed OF adequate
means. They stay at hotels, not in private
houses and consequently see little OF the real
life of ordinary people. Many of us never have
been nor ever will be able to take even meal
in one of our best hotels, let alone reside there
If one can afford them, many lux,lries may be
bought to supplement the daily fare, but. In
credible as it may SEEM some of us are obliged to
live ION the ration i. e.: Per week ounces tat.
ounces sugar, 2 ounces bacon, ounces cheese,
"a loaves (this allowance includes bread and
Evening star., 1947-07-21


THE committee
does not assume, in
making this provi-
sion, that the audi
tor becomes the
administrator of
relief. His respon-
sibility is limited to
the availability Of
funds and adequate
accounting, as in all
other public funds" :"
And the report
winds up its COM
ment on public vel
fare with the fur
ther assumption
Evening star., 1947-07-21
Letters to The Star

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
Driter, although it is permissible for
writer kno,pn to The Star to use
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-07-21
New Gar of Local Relief?
Appropriation Unit Report Suggests Auditor Pkertor
May Have Succeeded to That Title
By John ". THOMPSON, jr

Is District Auditor A. R. Pilkerton made new
"czar" of public relief administration under
terms OF the new 1948 District budget and ac-
companying House subcommittee report? Con-
Evening star., 1947-07-21
Questions and Answers

A reader can obtain the answer to any question
bureau, 31s street NE. Washington 2. D. c.
Please nclose three (3) cents Tor return postage.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
LOOKING
AHEAD
" GEORGE S. BENSON
\ PresideRi--Hardiag College
Searry .4rkahsas
Fair Play

Sweden does not even approximate
the wealth in natural resources of
Russia or America, yet her per cap
ita income is far above Russia's
and is almost as high as Americas.
What is the secret of this prosperity?
For 20 years I have been trying
to find the formula for national pros
perity in observing nations all
around the world. What is it that
gives Sweden-a country the size
of Oklahoma and Arkansas, with
limited natural resources-an indi-
vidual prosperity that puts her high
in the running?
The people of Sweden are very
sturdy, with more than half of them
passing the age of 70. The health
of the people is remarkable, the per-
sonal appearance of the people on
the streets excellent. Almost with
out exception they are neat, clean,
and well-dressed. Streets in Swed
ish cities are unusually clean and
in good repair, for apparently all
citizens take pride in keeping them
that way.
wholesome thinking
I found everywhere a spirit OF
wholesome living and fair play, and
I discovered also that these things
were based upon the strong religious
foundations of the people. During
the week I spent in the heart of
Sweden's largest city, saw not q
single drunk nor any indications Of
lewdness, things which are so appar-
ent in the parks of London and New
York.
The spirit of fair play and honest
competition is manifest in every
quarter in Sweden. People count
more on it and talk more about it
and mean it more sincerely than any
people I know. For example, the
man who is responsible for runnin g
the affairs of Sweden's trade unions
wants industrial corporations to
make a reasonable profit.
Typical Attitude
He wants to maintain private own
ership and management. He wants
fair play between labor and industry.
He wants wages kept at level that
will assure a market for the great
est volume of goods. He wants CO.
operative understanding between la
Dor and industry. His attitude, I
was told by everyone, is typical of
the Swedish labor leader. He shuns
Communism or state socialism. He
wants Individual freedom, not regi-
mentation of peoples lives.
Honest-to-goodness fair play, man.
Tested through a spirit of fine CO.
operation on the part of every group
that completes in the game of eco
nomics, is the key to the prosperity
of this small but great country.
The peo~le think of competition
real active competition-as the basis
of prosperity. None of them suffer
the illusion that state management
Of industry could provide effective
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Competition or the prosperity equiv.
alent to that of private enterprise.
Floors, But No Ceilings

Competition or the prosperity equiv.
alent to that of private enterprise.
Floors, But No Ceilings
There is much that we could emu
late in Sweden. This fair play
and competitive spirit goes right
down to the shops and factories, $50
of which are operated on incentive
plans based on piecework, or on
bonuses paid for certain achieve
ments. There are floors for wages,
but no ceilings. This means that
those willing to work harder may
earn more than the minimum. This
rule rightly belongs in our own
American traditions, but let US not
forget it.
A Swedish labor leader told me !:
"PieCeWork is the chief means of
increasing production. That's why
most of our industries have it. This
enables a good worker to earn more
than lazy worker. Our workers
all agree to it, SO it is happy situ-
alton. We realize that high produc.
tivity offers the only means of sus-
tanned high wages. l am amazed
that people everywhere do not rec
ognize this principle"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29

caught up. The productivity of
labor is reported on the upgrade.
This will permit some employers
to absorb wage increases and
halt the wage-price merry-go-
round. In other cases unions
are showing more r e s tr a i n t
about demanding wage increases.
And although many profits are
still excessive, certain producers,
wholesalers and retailers are
making a new effort to operate
on a smaller margin of profit.
What more can be done? Con-
sumers can help by wise self
denial. Much of this is auto
matte. A large part of the dis
gushing luxury buying of war
time has already stopped. And
many people are postponing pur-
chases long planned. This is not
a happy business. 1t means that
producers have priced themselves
out of a market, that the poten-
tial level of consumption, produc-
ton and employment has been
reduced. But purchases post
poned now may come later at a
time to check a disastrous drop.
They can help to level out the
business cycle.
Can the government do any
thing. It cannot now restore
price controls. It can curtail its
own spending, It can launch
investigations to expose profit
GERS. Such a move as the At
torney General has just taken
should be backed up with ener-
getic action by the lethargic con-
gressional committees charged
with investigating the high cost
of living. This situation involves
! not merely the current annoy
ance or hardship caused by high
prices. It may easily decide how
successfully the American way
of life is going to meet the
worldwide challenge of Com.
munism.-Christian Science Mon.
itor.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Tohn E. Davies, Editor and Owner

Subscription $500 year in sdvance.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Entered as End class matter July Is,
1881 at the postoffice at Browning.
Montana, under act Of March 3, 1879.
HIGH PRICES...WHERE TO?

We warmly applaud Attorney
General Clark's order for crimi-
nal prosecution of "conspiracies
to maintain or to increase pres
ent prices" But we doubt if it
will cut our living costs very
deeply. Some price gougers may
be jailed. Others made cauti-
Gus.
But you can't sweep back the
ocean with a broom.
Heavier punishment of racket
GERS welcome as it will be
cannot touch the mainstring of
the price movement. The basic
cause of imitation is shortages.
And the chief conspirators be-
hind the shortages are named
War and Weather, Alarm in
Washington about a new price
spiral centers on increasing pros
poets of a short corn crop. Coal
and steel prices are going up by
arrangement, but would feel the
brake of consumer resistance,
had not war-caused demand. ex-
ceeded supply. So, too, with
wages.
1t is true that in large areas of
the American economy artificial
measures are taken to hold pro-
duction down and prices up. But
is the Attorney General prepared
to prosecute the United Mine
Workers and the owners of the
coal mines for agreeing to a
shorter day, higher wages, and
increased coal prices? Is he
ready to declare war on the
building-trades unions and some
of the professors of building ma
terials? Clearly good results
might follow a vigorous investi.
cation of prices that are out Of
line. But these are m os t. y
waves on top of a rising tide.
The tide represents accumu.
lated needs and purchasing pow
er. Unparalleled d o m e s t ic
demand, damned up by the
war, plus tremendous demands
from abroad to combat hunger
and repair war damage-these
are the great forces behind high
prices. The tide will continue
to rise until supplies are increased
to meet the demands.
Can nothing be done? OF
course, something is being done.
The first hope is for increased
production. The sectors where
prices bave been checked are
those where production h 8
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Mineral Losses

OF mineral losses nitrogen, phos-
phorus, potash, calcium, magne-
SUM and sulphur) crops and graz
Ing take of a total Of 1911 million
tons year, while erosion and leach.
ing whisk away pearly III million
tons a year.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29

When the first cast-iron plows
were made in the United States, In
about 1897, many farmers believed
the plow poisoned the land and pro-
NOTED the growth of rocks.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Blindness Prevented

More than half of all blindness is
preventable by proper eye care, in.
dustrial safeguards and other pre-
cautionary measures.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1947-08-29
Supply Gold Mines

In tn high Peruvian and Bolivian
Andes to the west of the Amazon
basin, planes from nearby west
coast ports have deposited ma
chinery and equipment for gold
mines that could not otherwise have
been opened.