davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-06-27

or may lie ul-
known beneath salt water may be
worth a fabulous sum. And future
discoveries may include valuable ores
that may be recoverable.
I hope that I will not be regarded
as immodest in saying that had
much to do with the starting of this
case. After I became convinced, as
Secretary of the Interior, that these
oil lands belonged to the United
States, I could have done one OF
three things. Edwin W. Pauley, I'M
happily nominated for Undersecre-
tary of the Navy, tried to persuade
me not to urge suit to determine
whether the United States or the
State of California had title to these
lands. Mr.. Pauley assured me that
if I would not stir up the question
he would be able to obtain large con-
tributions from the California oil
operators for the 1914 campaign. ]
was not moved by his plea. Then I
considered letting one'or more leases
thus making it possible for the les
sees to go into court and fight it out
with the oil operators.
Quickest Court Route.
In the end, I decided that the
sureSt and quickest route was a bee
line to the Supreme Court itself. On
several occasions, urged President
Roosevelt to authorize the Attorney
General to bring suit in the name OF
the United States against the State
of California. After consideration
he consented and authorized Francis
Biddle, who was then the Attorney
General. to proceed. Then President
Roosevelt died, and Mr.. Biddle prop
erly thought that he should cleal
with President Truman before au-
thorizing a suit to be brought in the
United States District Court Of Cali
fornia. I had always urged the films
of an original suit in the Supreme
Court, against California, and per.
Suaded President Truman to instrucr
his Attorney General, Mr.. Ton
Clark, to dismiss the suit in tht
District Court and file an origina
Evening star., 1947-06-27

and clean it. This managed With
out a great deal of trouble, having
to use a hammer but once.
Starts Out Calmly Reassembling.
Then. with the patient scattered
all over the place. calmly and
coolly began reassembling it. 7 took
Drum A" and tried to fit 1t into
Compartment B" but Bearings X''
kent getting In the way. I hailed a
yoiingster passing by on his tri-
cycle. but the little engineer blew
his bubble gum at me and pedalled
on down the street.
started over. I decided to place
Compartment b. over Drum A.
without fooling with the bearings.
No dice. Some friends dropped in,
but unfortunately they were adults
and didn't help much. Not that
they didn't try. One held his thumb
on Lever S" as the book said to do;
another spun Handle M" one full
turn; another turned Spinner
Knob G" three revolutions towards
him, while still another searched
the floor for missing parts *, Y
and P"
After 35 minutes our combined ef-
forts had resulted in nothing more
than getting to the stage where each
of us was convinced that the other
was fool. So we decided not to fol-
low the instruction book at all, but
to rely on plain common sense to
tell us where the parts should At,
and how the contraption should
work
Evening star., 1947-06-27
This Changing World
Rumblings of War and Domestic Strife
Resound on u. II. Second Anniversary

led over to the u. S. s. r. At Yalta
agreements we're reached which
would, in effect, establish Soviet
domination over large sections oi
the Far East.
Even these wide concessions tc
Russian expansionism apparently
were not enough to appease the
growing appetite of the Russian
empire, which today extends from
the Elbe River and the Adriatic Sea
to the Pacific and covers more ter
ritory than any empire in the past
The efforts of western nations tt
maintain their political systems are
now under heavy attack. The
smaller nations which are under the
guns Of the Red armies of occupa-
ton are being ruthlessly encom.
passed by the iron curtain. Othel
Western nations which are beyont
the influence of Russian armed
forces are being given workout BY
powerful Communist organization!
created during and after the war.
Gems Broadcast.
America however. Is the princi-
pal target Of Soviet attack. The
Soviet propaganda machine follows
the technique of Paul Joseph Goeb-
bels--with improvements. On the eve
of the u. N. anniversary the fol-
lowing gems were broadcast to the
world by an unnamed Soviet lob
server:
THE reactionaries In America
(and that includes the Government)
are out to keep the world in con-
tinued tension. They are foment-
ing civil war In Greece and China
and supporting Fascists in Italy
and Germany. They are deliberately
aggravating the economic disloca-
ton of certain countries in order to
get them under their control.
1.-THE suffering and even deaths OF
millions leave them absolutely cold
In earlier talks we revealed the
secret strings of Americas foreign
policy and spoke of the onslaught
on the democratic liberties in prog
ress in the United States; Of the
propaganda of militarism, jingoism
and race hatred; Of the corruption OF
American Government machinery
and the close ties of the American
statesmen and military leaders with
the monopolies. 1t is easy to under
stand now that all the noise Ameri-
can propaganda is making about
charity and aid for the needy coun-
tries is only pretty talk to throw
dust in the peoples eyes"
According to the government
sponsored voices" thousands OF
American officers and soldiers dis
guised as tourists are swarming
into Turkey, Norway and other
countries which have been desig-
mated by American imperialists as
objects of their Unsuitable appetite.
Thus concludes the second year OF
the United Nations Charter and the
peace organization which 1t estab'
lished
Evening star., 1947-06-27
Man to Man
Public Warned Against Pending Bills
To Return Tidal Oil Lands to States

proceeding in the Supreme Court.
Thus we were able to get a much
quicker final decision than If the
case had dragged it's weary way from
the District Court to the Circuit
Court of Appeals and then to the
Supreme Court.
Now the Congress and the Presi-
dent will have to decide what to do
with this oil which belongs to the
people of the United States. For
a number of years, under an er-
roneous assumption of ownership,
the State of California has been
granting leases for the pumping OF
what it asserted to be its oil. Mil
lions of barrels of oil belonging to
the United States have already been
withdrawn. I have said, and I still
believe, that where leases have been
acquired legally and in good faith
and where the operation hereunder
has been orderly and lawful, the
Federal Government ought to as
sumo them without any question as
to their validity. Any claim for
back royalties should be against the
State of California, or the political
subdivision thereof that has ac-
cepted them.
Property of All the People.
Already there are reports that an
effort will be made to have the
Congress enact a law which will
give these valuable properties back
to California. Such q bill should
not pass. II it should, it ought to
be vetoed without question by Presi-
dent Truman. Congress has no
right to give away valuable property
that belongs to all of the people
The taxpayer Of Maine or of Mary
land or of Nevada has an equity
in these rich oil lands. 1t would be
outrageous even to suggest that rich
dividend-paying properties, the in
come from which could go to re-
duce the national debt, or in miti.
CATION of taxes, should be given
away.
Moreover, the alienation of these
Federal properties would create 8
bad precedent. It is pretty generally
known that Senator McCarran, who
was so interested, at the last ses.
sion of the Congress, in putting
through a bill that in effect woulc
have quit claimed all such lands tt
the adjacent States, has been wait
ing for a good opportunity to slir
through a bill disposSessing the
United States of ownership, or al
least of the Jurisdiction and con.
troll, of our vast public domain
Senator McCarran, and some othel
members of the Congress. toos seen
to think that their principal duty
! is to represent special interests
especially if they are local.
The public should be on guard
If they permit this rich tr easure-
that the Supreme Court has heit
to be the people's-to be give1
away, they may as well prepare
themselves to see the exploiters ruI
off with every other national asse
upon which they can get thei
! hands. The loot would not even b.
! limited to what is movable-
| (Copyright, 1947D
Evening star., 1947-06-27

clearer 1t becomes that, from what
ever angle viewed. they are bad for
him. Nor are they good for the
country. For example, consider the
situation created by the dire nature
Of his predictions. Repeating again
and again the words of the labor
propagandists, he has insisted not
only that it will not work but that
it will bring about industrial chaos,
promote bad feeling, increase strikes
and seriously damage the national
interests.
The practical effect of this was to
invite resistance. The practical ef-
feet has been to encourage the kind
of trouble that now exists in the
coal fields, which may compel
Congress, as Representative Hartley
points out, to amend the law even
before it goes into operation. If the
law works and the disasters which
Mr.. Truman predicted do not de-
velop, then he is proved wrong.
Trouble, such as the more violent
labor spokesmen proclaimed, would
vindicate him. Yet, as President,
he cannot want that kind of vindi-
cation.
Must Pick Right Men.
AS President, too, the duty de-
velops on him to appoint-ard
promptly--two additional members
of the National Labor Board and its
chief counsel, who will be the really
important man, to administer the
law. Obviously, the law should not
be administered by men who agree
with Mr.. Truman that it Is an
iniquitous measure doomed to fall
ure. Obviously, the law should be
administered by men in accord with
its purposes and who firmly believe
it will work.
These nominations must be con-
firmed by the Senate, and it has
every right to insist upon sympa-
thetic as we'll as upright and able
men. Clearly, Mr.. Truman is thus
debarred from naming anyone who
believes his veto was justified or
that the arguments in his message
or speech were sound. Clearly, no
one tainted with the Roosevelt New
Dealism should be eligible. The Sc
lection of such men would be
equivalent to sabotage OF the law.
Thus, there appears the posi-
bility of a very disastrous deadlock.
The Republican Senate surely will
not confirm any man for the new
Labor Board who is unsympathetic
with the new law, and the Truman
belief that 1t Is bad law, which
will not work, makes it difficult for
him to name men who disagree with
/ him.
| Deadlock GOULD Serve Labor.
The interests of the labor bosses
and their Communist allies natural
ly will be to bring about such a
deadlock. Perhaps those "able
counselors" who got the President
into this position will advise him
that, having failed to kill the legis-
Evening star., 1947-06-27
The Great GameofPolitiCs
Strong Language of Labor Bill Veto
Puts President in Awkward Position

lation by his veto, he now can scut-
tie it just as effectively by naming
men who will be interested In seeing
that it does not function.
1t was inevitable that the violence
of Mr.. Truman's denunciation and
the unqualified nature of his pre-
dictions should now make question
able the sincerity of his desire for
successful administration of the
law. This may be wholly unjust to
him, but certainly he, himself, is to
blame for the fact. At any rate, it
would seem incumbent upon him
to establish his good faith by nam
ing men whose good will cannot be
questioned.
Richberg Suggested.
OF course, the ideal man for chief
counsel, if he can be PERSUADED to
take 1t, is Donald Richberg. Mr..
Richberg, former New Dealer and
deputy director of the old NRA, has
been friend of organized labor for
many years. He is, perhaps, the
outstanding authority on labor
management problems and he Is a
Democrat. But he is in favor of
this law and had no little to do
with framing it.
1t is of the first Importance that
the administration of the law be
above suspicion. No one has the
right to t1npugn Mr.. Truman's in
tegrity in this matter or to believe
that he would disgrace his office
by deliberate scutsling of law to
which he is personally hostile.
1t is, of course, difficult thing to
ask man to exert himself to prove
himself wrong. But that is exactly
what the President has got to do
if he is to retain his own respect
and that Of other decent men.
Evening star., 1947-06-27

as might nave
been foreSeen,
put him in one
of the most un-
fortunate posi-
tions a Presi-
dent can oc-
cupy. If this is
the measure of
their ability, the
S oon er their
services are dis
pensed with the
better for him
and the Nation.
For the more
the results are
q n luzed the
Evening star., 1947-06-27

arrived at my "oHfs 1sAOI
house. After unwrapping this lat
est creation of science, the first thing
should have done was to have
rented a small child and turned
him loose on the back porch with it.
Instead, I scrubbed up. slipped
on my gown, mask, and rubber
gloves, and tackled the operation
myself. Instruction No. l was to
the machine completely
Evening star., 1947-06-27

latter july Frank r. Ke1ats
column ,oiH appear once a week
instead of three times 10eek as
in the past. From, time to time,
as occasion requires, Mr.. Kent
,UiH tcrite more often, but once q
week 1giH be his regular SCHEDULED J
Evening star., 1947-06-27

ease SnOuld De
given to chill
dren and never
placed in the
hands of adults.
I have known
this for a long
time, but never
was 1t brought
home to me
more forci b ly
than it was a
few days ago
when a present
in the form of
an instantaneous
ice cream freezer
Evening star., 1947-06-27

from loW-Water
mark, heading
w e S t, belongs,
and always has,
to the people of
the I'm i t e d
States. The Ian
guage Of t h ! S
op inion al S O
seems to apply to
the coast lands
of Texas, as well
as other coast
line States. In
t o t al, the oil
alone that h a S
been discovered
Evening star., 1947-06-27

President Tru-
m a n, Prim e
Minister Attlee,
Premier Rama
dier and Gener-
alissimo Chang
K a | S h e k -
spoke, but the
traditional dip
lomatic cheer
fulness and op-
t | m ! S m W er C
absent.
Prime Minis
ter Stain did
not dignity ! the
celebration with
Evening star., 1947-06-27

people Will wake
up soon to the
fact that, unless
some law Is
passed now, the
c h a ces are
there will be no
tax reduction eff
fective until 1949
or 1850,
Senator Byrd,
Democrat, of
Virginia " h o
thinks a two
thirds vote can
be secured in the
Senate IL the bill
Is made effective
Evening star., 1947-06-27
Bp Constantine Brown

The United Nations celebrated its
second anniversary yesterday in an
atmosphere of gloom. The heads
of four OF. the five big powers
Evening star., 1947-06-27
McLemore
Mixes Screams
With Ice Cream
By Henry McLemore

Any piece OF machinery which is
accompanied by instructions which
say it is so simple that a child can
put it together and operate it with
Evening star., 1947-06-27
By Harold L. Ickes

The Supreme Court, in 6-to-2
opinion, written by Mr.. Justice
Black, last Monday held that the
land along the coast of California
Evening star., 1947-06-27
Rr Frank r. Kent

The strong language which the
so-called "able counselors" of Presi-
dent Truman put into his mouth to
bolster his veto of the labor bill, has
Evening star., 1947-06-27
Drive for New Tax Bill
Seen Due 10 Expected
Questions by Voters
By David Laurence

Efforts to pass some kind Of tax
reduction legislation at the present
session Of Congress are based on
the knowledge that the American
Evening star., 1947-06-27

The Christian Committee of the
United Jewish Appeal gives the
Christians of Washington an op-
portunity to help our Jewish
brethren, as they have always
helped our common causes, in
meeting as desperate a need as
men have ever faced.
The Christian quota for the Wash
ington area is 100000. The Jew
Evening star., 1947-07-14
T uxes
Continued From First Page }

form. with 26 more votes than the
tTo-thirds needed to override a veto.
There appeared to be good
chance today that the tax fight will
be settled before the end of this
week.
Although the President has 10
days in which to act, Congressional
leaders expect him to return the bill
without his approval promptly, since
he has already announced that
course.
The first test on overriding will
come in the House, where Repub-
licans are confident they will hold
the necessary two-thirds.
On the Senate side supporters of
the bill are claiming 81 votes to
override. With "a regarded as the
maximum number likely to vote. it
would take two more-or So votes
to insure passage over the veto.
Both sides are continuing to work,
however, for every vote they can
line up, and, with the standing so
close, neither side is taking the out
come for granted.
The relationship of the tax bill
to foreign policy was made more
apparent today when Government
ohicials pointed out that congress
sional savings at this session are
being offset by unexpected in
crea> = in foreign commitments.
These increases were occurring
Evening star., 1947-07-14
Economic
Continued From First Page.)

as an OPA executive, spoke out
against restoration Of price controls
and rationing.
II do not think they would be ef-
fective again" he said. TT takes a
long time to organize such controls
and my war experience convinced
me that they work only under the
pressure of great emergencies when
everyone is in favor of what is
being done"
Mr.. Ney told the committee that
danger turks" in today's prosperity.
He added:
1--WE must not delude ourselves.
There is nothing normal about the
prosperity we have been enjoying
1t is propped up in no small measure
by temporary stills"
One of these stilts. he said. is
the huge backlog of wartime con-
sumer demand. As this demand is
worked off, Mr.. Ney said, I'VE must
have a more favorable balance" be-
tween current incomes and cor
sumner prices. -
Evening star., 1947-07-14

even before the Marshall plan ito
help those nations that help them
selves" came into the picture, they
pointed out.
Two Items Cited,
Two items of foreign aid already
committed add $500, ,00o, 900 to costs
not counted in President Truman's
January budget, which called for
spending s37,500,000. One, almost
completely overlooked and beyond
the reach Of this Congress, is a $780,
900, 900 increase over budget esti-
mates in British loan spending.
The other item is the $500, ,0oO.-
600 aid program for Greece and
Turkey which has been authorized
by Congress although the money
itself has not yet been appropri-
ated. This program was not in
sight when the budget was COM
piled,
Evening star., 1947-07-14
Prince Georges Is Planning to Consolidate
Or Eliminate Most of Its 10 Small Schools
By ChorIes A. McAIeer

OF the 174 one-room. one-teacher
schoolhouses still existing in Mary
land, 10 are located in Prince
Georges County.
In addition, the county also has
81 two-room schools. some of which
have only one teacher because Of
personnel shortages. Altogether,
there are 90 schools in the county.
This was reported yesterday by
county board Of education officials
who disclosed plans for the eventual
elimination or consolidation of most
small schools.
F, Although not scheduled for the
immediate future, a major portion
Of the program is expected to be un-
der way within 10 years.
10 Colored Schools Proposed.
| This will involve consolidating the
81 colored schools of the county
80 of which are in the one, two and
three room category. Tentative
plans, according to Paul C. Cooper,
county supervisor of school con-
struction, call for colored elementary
schools to be consolidated in 10
buildings.
The one-room schools for white
students are confined to rural areas.
Last year, % students attended the
six grades at the Nottingham Ele-
mentary School, and 10 at the
Brookridge School. A total Of 81
attended the first three grades in
the seabrook Elementary School.
One-room schools for colored
pupils are located in Annandale,
Croome Station, Accokeek, Dupont
Heights, Poplar Hill, Brandywine
and Fletchertown.
Two-room schools for white chill
dren, with only one teacher last
year, are located at Accokeek. where
the three upper grades went to
Brandywine; Columbia Park. where
the upper grades went to Cottage
City, and Berwyn Heights, where
grades four to six were sent to the
Berwyn Elementary School.
Closing Of School Opposed.
In the case of the Nottingham
and Brookridge schools, Mr.. Cooper
said, residents of the area are con-
tent to continue with the same ar
rangement rather than consolidate
and have their children transferred
to Upper Marlboro. Both may be
consolidated, however, If attendance
drops, he added.
An effort by former School Supt.
Nicholas Oren1 to close the Brook
Evening star., 1947-07-14

school building program. In addi-
ton, this years program includes
preparation Of plans for new col
ored senior high school at Fair
mount Heights.
Last years attendance statistics
show 1914 Of the $4,000 students of
county schools were colored.
There are "a, elementary schools
for colored students, two senior high
schools-Lakeland at Berwyn and
Douglass at Upper Marlboro-and
the Highland Park Junior High
Elementary School.
Complete Change Sought.
The program for colored schools,
which would be conducted on a
basis of the present population, still
Is little more than a dream Of ofii-
cials.
"It would be the ideal setup for
colored pupils and would mean
abandonment of almost everything
we've got for them now." Mr.. Cooper
explained. I'VE have only five
reasonably good, modern schools out
of the total Of 81 for colored -
Bladensburg, Oxon Hill, North
Brentwood and Fairmount Heights
Elementary Schools and Douglass
High School,"
Work to Start This Week.
Work Is expected to begin this
week on the construction of a
modern elementary school at Land
over Hills, it calls for nine class
rooms, workshop, auditorium.
cafeteria and library.
Bids will be opened July 20 for
the erection of six-clas1-. com
gymnasium and cafeteria addition
to the Laurel High School; on Au-
gust IL for construction of a new
senior high school at Upper Marl-
boro, and on August % for a SINH
lar project at Oxon Hill. Both new
high schools will include IA class
rooms, an auditorium, gymnasium
and cafeteria.
Ground is expected to be pur-
chased under this years program
also for new senior high schools In
the Bladensburg and the Hyatts-
Vile University Park areas.
Millions in Bonds Authorized.
The Maryland General Assembly
at its last session authorized $4,000
900 in bonds for Price Georges
County school construction, equally
divided between 1947 and 1913. Halt
of this amount was sold last Tues
day.
Behind times In its, school con-
struction, the county has been at
tempting to match its school facili-
ties with its rise in population. This
according to official Census Bureau
estimates, has jumped from $4,000
to approximately 10000 since 1910
We're still hampered by high
prices and shortage of construc-
ton. materials" School Supt. G
! Gardner Shugart declared. 1--WE are
however, trying to improve our
present system"
Evening star., 1947-07-14
U.5.Chinese Reported
Seeking Kuominfang
Probe Of Soong, Kung
Dy the Asseeiossd Pres,

| SAN FRANCISCO, July 14.-The
Chinese Nationalist Daily OF Amer
lea reports that the American
branch of the Kuomintang has
asked 3 party investigation of the
powerful financial interests of T. v
Soong and H. H. Kung, brothers-in-
law of Generalissimo Chang Kai-
shek.
'The story indicates a sharp break
between the strong American inter-
ests and the big Chinese Nationalist
Party men," the San Francisco
Chronicle commented.
(The Chinese Nationalist Daily,
one OF five Chinese language
newspapers in San Franciscos
Chinatown. has opersted 20 years
and represents the opinion of
Kuomintang Party members
overseas, a staff member said)
Huge Projects" Questioned.
Headquarters of the American
branch Of the Kuomintang are In
San Francisco.
Chinese translators, the Chronicle
said, described the resolution as
-tronglv worded and one which
wc,'ld have an important effect in
high party councils, Passed unani.
mously here Thursday night ant
directed to party headquarters al
Marking, it declared both Soong anc
Kung have used political ane
financial power to monopolize
Chinese international trade.
1t asked that Chang Kai-shek,
government party investigate
whether the huge profits" of tn.
two were legal and whether they
have paid government taxes. Both
men are members of the Centra