davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-08-14

Miss Lenore E. Bancroft has been
elected to the fourth grade position
and all elementary vacancies are
now filled. Miss Bancroft is grad
uate of Northern Montana College,
Havre, and has not had previous
teaching experience. Her home
town is Malta. Two vacancies re-
main to be filled in the high school,
but there are applicants for the posi-
tions and it is expected that con-
tracts will be signed soon.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-08-14

Troy Volunteer Fire Dept.
Pres, r. M. Russell; Secretary,
Francis Hosea; Fire Chief, VIM.
J. Dolan; Treasurer, ]. B. Far
ris.
Laurel outlook., 1947-11-12
PLAYED Too Well

Moliere, French dramatist, suf-
fered a fatal attack while playing
the role of a man who imagined
he was ill.
Laurel outlook., 1947-11-12
Bathroom Safety

For safety in the bathroom, every
tub should be equipped with sturdy
grabbars firmly anchored to the
walls and all electric light switches
and outlets should be out OF reach
of the tub bather, the Plumbing and
Heating Industries bureau advises.
Laurel outlook., 1947-11-12
Britain'S Bid for Power

Electric power plants have re-
ceived from the British government
first call on the nations annual steel
supply of 13 million tons.
Evening star., 1947-04-27
Hot Rolls in Half
Poee u

Rolls like these can be mode in an hour. A point to
remember thot temperatures should be exoc Set
the specified and Ieove the door closed for the
required me-coId dofts Of Dir won't help your baking!
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Charles William Brown
Buried In Arlington

Funeral services were held thi'
morning for Charles William Brown
81, veteran of two wars, who died
Sunday in Mount Alto Hospital aftel
|a brief illness. The services wert
held at the Chambers funeral home
SIT Eleventh street Sc. Burial was
in Arlington National Cemetery.
A native of Washington, Mr.
Brown enlisted In the Army early
In the Spanish-American War anc
saw action in Cuba He subsequent
ly served In the Philippine Insured
ton and through several of the
major campaigns In France ir
World War I.
After his discharge in 1920, hi
was employed as a guard at the
State Department until his retire.
ment In 1941. Mr.. Brown was .
member OF the Richard Harder
Camp of the Spanish-A American Wal
Veterans, the My Maryland Post OF
the American Legion in Seat Pleas
ant, Nd, and the Strawn Turner
Hartman Post of the Veterans oil
Foreign Wars. His home was al
6518 C street NE, Maryland
Park, Md.
Surviving Is one sister, Mrs
Mayme E. Smith, 1903 North High
land street, Arlington, Va.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Cornelius A. coakIeY Dies;
Was pIasiering Contractor

Cornelius A. Coakley, ~. Irish
born Washington plastering con-
tractor, died yesterday at Garfield
Hospital from cerebral hemorrhage
he suffered last Sunday at Lons
Beach, Md.
Born in County Cork, Ireland, Mr..
Coakley came to this country In
1921 and became an American citi-
zen five years later. He had been
in the contracting business for near
" 20 years, maintaining an office at
his home, 47o8 Thirteenth street
NV.
He was member of the Potomac
Council Of the Knights of Column
bus, and a member Of the Board OF
Trade both here and at Long Beach,
where he had q summer home. He
was also councilman at Long
Beach.
Services will be held at 9 am. to-
morrow In ST. Gabriel's Catholic
Church, rs Grant circle NV, where
he was member of The Holy Name
Society. Burial will be in Mount
Oliyet Cemetery.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs
Margaret Mulkerins Coakley; two
sons, Neill and Bernard; daughter,
Margaret Mary; his parents, two
brothers and one sister, in Ire
landd.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Mrs. violo Deuton, 81, !,
Dies Of Brief Illness

Mrs. Viola Deaton, 81, Of 1921
Second street NV. died yesterday
/ at Leland Memorial Hospital, River
dale, Md. after brief Illness.
The widow Of Francis &. Deator
Iof Ohio, Mrs. Deaton taught music
for many years In public schools ir
New Carlisle and Miami County
Ohio, before coming to Washington
lin 1928. She was member Of the
| Petworth Methodist Church anc
was active in the affairs of Swartzell
Methodist Home for Children.
She also was member of the
Independence Bell chapter Of the
Daughters Of the American Revolu-
I Ition and the Excelsior Literary
Club.
Mrs. Deaton leaves two daughters
Mrs. Louis Carter of University
Park, Md, and Miss Linda Deator
lof Washington; eight grandchildren
and IL Observation-Disclosures.
Funeral services will be held at 4
pm. tomorrow at the S. H. Hines
funeral home, 290l Fourteenth
street NV. Burial will be Thurs
day m McKendree Cemetery, New
Carlisle.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Mrs. Rena B. Wall
funeral Rites tomorrow

Memorial services win be held
at IL am. tomorrow at Fort Lin
coin Chapel for Mrs. Rena b. Wall
So, widow Of william A. Wall, who
died June Z at the home Of her
daughter, Mrs. L. n Diffenderfer,
at La Jolla. Calf. Burial will be
In Fort Lincoln Cemetery.
Born In Cumberland, Md, Mrs.
Wall moved to washington about
so years ago. Her husband was
former assistant manager of the
Raleigh Hotel here. She had been
living with her daughter in La
Jolla for the last six years.
Mrs. Wall was member OF the
Brookland Chapter of the Eastern
Star and the Maj. rEnfant Chap
ter Of the Daughters OF the Amer
lean Revolution. In addition to
Mrs Diffenderfer, she is survived by
two other daughters, Mrs. d. Fl.
Kincaid OF Rollingwood, Md, and
Mrs. Charles w. Dey of Arlington,
Va; q sister, Miss F'rancene Sizer
Of Washington, and three grand
children.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Deaths Reported

From sae D. c. Bureau Of vital Statistics
Sarah Alexander, -S4, 1902 K ST. NV
sallie 3. Updegraf. s3, 3729 T st. NV.
Francis p. Logan, 10. 1916 Otis st. me-
Jessie M. Worch, "a, 713 Webster ct. n v
Katherine A. Macdonald, II, ia Caro-
st. Sc.
John A. Angel. 81, 1908 sth st. NV.
Irene Men; Baum. SO, 5I1 Seward 50. sc
Myron H. Baker 48, 922 c st. sw
James + Smith. Al. Arlington, Va.
Clara M Stagan,s 40, 3035 Vista st. ne
Infant Helen Horsley. 2722 Irving st.. Sc
infant Margaret C. Day, Bethesda, Md.
Infant Gold, 4512 Lilly Pond dr., ne.
Infant Martin. 3529 Ames st. ne
Infant Curry. 1909 Euclid st. NV
Infant Curry, 1909 Euclid st. NV
James jackson. 20, 1914 9th st. NV.
Julia Hatton. 65. 634 M st. s.e.
jamie Jackson. 65, 1433 T st. NV.
Edward Il. Brown, 5S. 721 Half st. sw.
William F. Douglas, SO, 927 Pierce st. NV
Gertrude F. Roye, .32, Sol D st. Sc.
Infant Martin, 1877 gath ST. NV
Infant Montgomery. 916 Morton st. ne.
Infant Hill, 4o4 1st st. se
Infant Clinton, sos 2lst ST. me-
Infant Wood. 202 r st. NV
Infant Robinson. 1881 9th st. NV.
Infant Shannon 900 22nd st. NV.
Infant Howard, 1929 End st. s.w.
Infant Burney. $50 Park rd NV.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
maj. Julian Day, So, Dies;
Son of Clarence Day
sy n. Asseeisssd Pres,

NEW YORK. June ~. Mat.
Julian Day, ss, one Of three sons Of
Clarence Day. the principal charac-
ter In the record breaking Broad
way production. Life With Father
died Sunday at his home in Lugaro.
Switzerland, 1t was learned here
yesterday.
Maj. Day was-a grandson OF Ben
jamin Day. founder of the New York
sun, and q nephew OF Ben Day, in
ventor OF the engraving process that
bears his name. His brother Clar-
ence, author of the book on which
the play was based, died in 1885.
Another brother, George Parmly
Day. is treasurer OF Yale University.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
III. D. symonds, Engineer
On Noted Buildings, Dies
~ sb. Assex;cted Pfess

~ WE esssStfStsS ' -
ORANGE, N. j., June 17-Harvey
ID. Symonds, II. engineer who had
charge Of construction Of the New
York County Courthouse, the Park
Lane and Savoy Plaza Hotels in
New York, the Blackstone In Chi
cago and the Hotel Nacional In Ha-
vana, died yesterday in Orange
Memorial Hospital.
Mr.. Symonds resigned several
years ago as vice president of the
George A. Fuller Construction Co.,
but later returned to the firm as
contract manager. The last project
/ on which he worked was the 5000, :
000, 900 Dodge -Chrysler Chicago war
plant.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
League Palace Designer Dies

PARIS. June IT tP.-Joseph vago,
II. one of the architects who de-
signed the Palace Of the League OF
Nations at Geneva and q noted
author on architectural subjects,
died last Wednesday at Salies-de-
Bearn. it was learned her yesterday.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
A-12*s *sTHE EVENING STAR Washington, D. G..
b. II. A
UarnH nf Thanka

gEYFRIED, KILIAN. The family Of the
Its sincere appreciation for the kindness,
sympathy and tributes shown by its rela-
tives, friends and neighbors during its re-
cent bereavement. THE FAMILY
WATSON. WILSON. The family of the
late WILSON WATSON wishes to express
its sincere appreciation to its friends for
the cards of sympathy received and to the
Rev. George O. Bullock for spiritual as
sistance rendered during its recent be-
reavement. THE FAMILY.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
Accent to BE Hack Inspector

Albert E. Conradis, recently ap-
pointed public utilities agent for
Montgomery County, will assume
the additional duties Of county hack
inspector, it was announced today.
Evening star., 1947-06-17
CEMETERY LOTS.

2 LOTs-Fort Lincoln Cemetery; sites
each; choice location, in block IA. Call
Ii. 1870 after 4:30. lis
6 SITES, on lake At Ft Lincoln Cemetery;
$500 cash or best cner. Call Franklin
TWO ADJOINING GIFTS, most desirable
location, Cedar Hall Mausoleum; VIII sacri-
hce. Trinidad 1910. 19s
Evening star., 1947-06-17
1n Mrtttnrtant

vIt yWklltua lCtllt
ALLEN, EMMA v. A tribute of loving
remembrance to our dearly beISysd wife
ALLEN, who departed this life two years
ago today June H. 1g45s ar FAMILY
ALsoP, UNICE. A tribute Of love te
our beloved mother. UNIcE ALsoP, who
passed sway ten years ago today Junt
We cannot say and will not say =
hand.
b. 81 ;1sssss ss sn FANNIE sHtRSsn s aas
BowsER. MAGGIE VIOLA. Sacred to
and M aister. MAGGIE vioIS BowszR' 0sas VIC
left US four years ago today, June II, 1943
Sweet memories linger forever,
Time cannot change them. it's true;
Years that may come cannot sever
3HT l1ying soN sNn Ct yeu
JOSEPH E. AND GEORGE L. BoWsER
Wdob. SNdaoa5W0oD' Mr.. LAWRENCE SMALL:
BROOKS. SUSIE E. W. In loving mem.
ory OF my dear mother, Mrs. SUSIE e. w
BROOKS. who died one year ago today
June II, 1916.
In my heart your memory linsers,
Sweetly, tenderly. fond and true;
That do not think of you.
Some may think am not lonely
When !. lat at times they see zee. me smiis,
NY smile hides all the while.
LOVING DAUGHTER. BESSIE G. WARD
CARR. NETTIE MAE GRANT A tribut,
dear mother, NETTIE MAE GRANT CARR
who passed away seven years ago today
June II, 1910.
By the river Of life was growing
A garden of roses fair.
Giving out splendor and frarrance
On the world waiting there.
A rose was bleomins, swes.ly
Nodding 30 sweet and gentle.
Sending fragrance everywhere.
God looked down from His kingdom
And saw the rose SO fair.
Then sending an angel gently down
Plucked the rose that was there.
| He has placed 1t in His garden
Up In Heaven, bright and fair,
| Where it viii hive forever
| Under his loving care.
| Mother. you are that rose,
Blooming sweet and fair,
Up in Gods holy kingdom,
sfeS1ns foVsoLY IsasTfRis Helen evsrysssslNsr Vs. yGRsNr
DoCKTNs, MRS. DOROTHY In lovtnf
law, Mrs Dorothy DoCKINs. who de.
9srtss ps fs4a this life four years ago today 'un'
80 He led me to my cottage
And left me within the door,
| But the brishtness Of His presence
/ stays with me forevermore.
| /, And thus spoke the Master,
| Dorothy, know thy lonKing heart.
| In the toll Of My rich-laden vineyard,
| You are eaEer to bear q part.
| But from thee no active labor
Thy Masters cause demands.
Within thy low cottage doorway
l Only sit with folded hands.
| sisTEk-IN-LAw, MRS. IDA DOCKING
BUNDY
| DOCKINs. DOROTHY. In sad but loy
| ing remembrance OF my dear wife, DOR
| iCTHY DOCKINS. who departed this lif,
five years ago today, June II. 1912.
| Gone, but not forgotten.
HER HUSBAND. BRUCE z. DOCKIHS.
hill. LIT. NATHANIEL. MILTON. 1
tribute OF love and devotion to the mem
ory of our dear son and brother. 1t. Ma
THANLEL MILTON HILL, who passes
away four years ago. June 10, 1e43.
Time speeds on, four years have passed
Since death its gloom. Its shadows cas-
/ Within our home, where all seemed bright
1t took from US a shining light.
We miss that Iisht and ever viii,
| His vacant place there's none TO MI;
Down here We mourn. but not In vain
For ap in Heaven We viii meet axAtn:
AND BRoTHERS
Evening star., 1947-06-17

tlon 0I p.dyPIS, -, ,,,.
WALTER; / Plant; Grand knight
COLLINS. ANNIE v. On Sunday, June
Is lq47 at her home, 1855 Wisconsin
ave NV ANNIE V. COLLINS, in her seth
year. She is survived by a nephew. p. j.
Magee Remains resting at the Birch Fu-
neral Home, 3034 M ST. NV. where serv-
ices will be held on Wednesday. June 1s.
at II am Relatives and friends invited,
Interment Cedar Hill Cemetery. II
CONNER, ANNETTE W. On Monday,
June 16, .1947, at Mount Vernon SAnt.
tarium, ANNETTE w. CONNER, the beloved
wife OF Arthur E. Conner and aunt OF
Thelma W. Taylor, Nellie w. Reed, Eliza
Services at Chambers Funeral Home, SIT
l1th ST. Sc, on wednesday. June 1S, at
1l:30 am Interment Washington Ma
tional Cemetery.
Evening star., 1947-06-17

COAkLEf. CUhNELIUS n. Iue iutiH-
IN bers of Potomac Council No
NintA 433, knights of Columbus, are
A38A requested to meet at the late
TN2NT residence OF Brother COR
Vg11 NELIUS A. COAKLEY, 470s
~ 18th st. NV, at Z pm. Tues
w day, June II, 1947, for recita-
Evening star., 1947-06-17

W. MEllUrIaI SeiV
ices will be held for our de-
parted comrade, CHARLES
w. BROWN, by My Maryland
Post, No. 1875, American Le-
gion, and also by the Strawn
Turner Hartman Post, Vet
Grams of Foreign Wars. at
$50 O'Clock Tuesday evening.
June II, 1947, at Chambers
FUNERAL Home, SIT Eleventh
street southeast. All COM
rades should attend these
services.
JOSEPH j. MILES,
Evening star., 1947-06-17

June I6, 1947. at Garfield Hospital, COR.
NELIUS A. coAKIEY, beloved husband OF
Margaret Coakley. nee Mulkerins. OF 470S
Mary and Bernard Coakley: nephew OF
Jeremiah Herlihy. Funeral from the above
residence on Wednesday, June g, at $50
am. High requiem mass at st. CARRIERS
Church at am Interment Mount Ohvet
Cemetery. Relatives and friends invited
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
Negro-white unity: it built unions!

ing plants. Only a small per-
cent are members of indepen-
dent unions.
Until a dozen years ago,
there was genuine hostility
here between the broad masses
of Negro workers and the la
Dor movement. Each looked
upon the other with suspicion,
Management in the major inn
dustries had successfully played
one against the other. Lily
white unions saw the black la
Dor pool as a threat to the job
security OF their members; Ne
gro workers saw the unions as
a barrier against getting good
employment.
Today Negroes are particu-
1arly numerous in the packing
houses and are the backbone
of the unions there. 1t took
strikes of white unionists in
1894 and 1904 TO get Negroes
into this industry prior to
World War I. During the war
labor shortage of 1917, the
packers sent agents into the
deep South to recruit Negro
workers whose numbers in
creased to 80 percent of the
total employed in packing prior
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
ANTON JoHANNsoN. a

vertising and circulation man
ager for the AFL Federation
News:
I've seen a parade of great
men in the LABOR life of Chi
cago during the so years I've
been active, here. There was
Lincoln Steffens, the great
"muck-raker," for one. Another
was his protege, John Reed,
the fellow who was an Amer
lean correspondent in Moscow
during the Russian Revolution.
And there was George Schill-
ing, the moderate labor leader,
who was one of Governor Alt
geld's closest advisors. Schill-
ing was one of the leaders IN
the fight for the men who
were convicted in the Hay
market massacre.
Another close friend of mine
was Clarence barrow, the best
criminal lawyer from labor
viewpoint that Chicago's ever
seen. Some said that he was
cynical, but / think he helped to
tear down a lot of prejudices.
When many labor people, who
had received distorted impress
sions from newspaper storie
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
MRS. CLARA wARsAsKI.


member of the executive board
of Local 100, International
Ladies Garment Workers I'm
ion (AF'L):
The workers in our industry
worked under terrible sweat
shop conditions until our I'M
ion organized them for col
lective bargaining
We worked a siX-day week,
and it was common practice
to work nine hours, 10 hours,
or even longer every day. Now
we work a seven-hour day in
five-day week, thanks to the
union.
Perhaps our greatest struggle
came in August. 1888. when the
workers in our industry staged
a general strike. which we won.
Then. as the Roosevelt admin
istration sponsored laws bene-
filing labor. we progressed
even further.
That was one of the reasons
our union supported Roosevelt.
1 remember, for example, the
great demonstration we held
on Michigan Av. during the
election campaign of 1886, when
our international president,
David Dubinsky, came here to
speak.
Our greatest trouble, before
then, was the fear that people
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30

struggle for better conditions
and they've learned from that
record.
Back in 1921 the packing
house workers went out in a
big strike. They lost it, be-
cause the bosses managed to
divide the Negro and white
workers, to play one against
the other. Negro. workers
could not join the union at that
time.
But when Herb March, our
district director, and several
others opened our big organi-
rational drive in the industry
in the latter part of the '30s,
we had unity-and we won.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30

to the depression.
FAILURE to 1equately or
ganize the steel and packing
industries is laid to lack of a
proper approach to Negro
workers. Most of the unions,
additionally all white, were
stumped by the problem. Some
sought a solution in Jim crow
auxiliaries. Management, per-
fectly aware of the situation,
used this conflict between
white and colored workers to
its own advantage. Some au-
thorities contend the 1919 race
riots were the result of this
civil war between black and
white packing house workers
sharpened by the Vaccinations
of the packers.
Leaders of the CLIO organiz-
ing drive profited from the
lessons of the period immedi-
ately after World War l when
Big Business was able tc break
union strength. They gave spe-
cial attention to the needs and
interests of Negro workers,
thus overcoming long standing
Negro misgivings about unions
and winning the support Of
South Side leaders and rep
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30


about the trial of the McNam-
ara brothers in Los Angeles,
turned against Darrow, toured
the country, explaining the
true facts in the case to our
people.
In my own union. the Car
penters. we've had. quite a
background of fighting for BET
ter conditions. / recall par
ticularlY the year and a half
lockout shortly after 1900. Our
worst trouble then was with
the police. who were always
opposed 10 the unions.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
BY FRANK M. DAVIS
OF OVER 400, 900 Ne

OF OVER 100000 Ne
Ogroes in Chicago and
the Calumet industrial area of
East Chicago and Gary, Ind,
some $4,000 are members of
labor unions, about evenly di-
vided between Go and AFL.
This means that almost half the
Negro families in Chicagoland
are affected directly by organ
lied labor.
This close association of Ne
groes and labor is compare
lively new. 1t was not until
the CLIO organizing drives of
the middle '30's and the pass
age of the old National Labor
Relations Act that unions be-
came really effective factor
in the lives of Negro workers
who at the same time strength
ened organized labor.
y
THE $4,000 CIO membership
comes mainly from those in
manufacturing industries and
meat packing. In .AFL unions
for the most part are workers
in service industries, construc-
ton, printing, music, transport
tation and some food process
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
SAM HAMM ERsMARK.

SAM HAMM ERSMARK.
manager of the Tom Paine
book store, 1889 Lawrence av.:
In my rs years, more than
SO of them in the labor move
ment here in Chicago, I've seen
many a great man take part in
the workers struggles.
can remember many hard
struggles in those years: the
hanging of The HaYmarket mar
tYrs.. and the later pardoning
of their friends; the railroad
strikes. and the persecution of
Eugene ". Debs. the old time
Socialist leader whom / also
knew; and the great steel
strike of 1919.
1t was as a member of the
executive committee of the
Chicago Federation of Labor
that 1 edited the first hand
book of Chicago unions.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30

resentatives as well as work
ers.
HOWEVER. egroes had
long been identified with ALL
crafts unions. But the Go sue
cess in organizing Negro and
white workers on a basis of
equality in mass Industries also
made it easier for the ALL to
greatly increase its Negro
membership, not only in craft
unions but in other fields.
With the death of FEPC and
the refusal of congress TO pass
a federal fair employment
practices law, there has been a
drop in Negro employment at
higher skills. This special prob
lem of employment of the
Negro worker at his highest
ability, plus the failure of con-
gress to enact legislation of
direct interest to Negroes such
as the anti-lynching bill, anti
poll tax bill, FEPC, etc, and
the general anti-labor trend in
Washington has particularly
conditioned Negro labor in
Chicago for strong pro-Negro,
pro-labor third party move
ment.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
They lived
our lubor
history

had-fear that they might lose
their jobs if they joined I'M
ion.
/ remember when the union
called mass meeting of the
people in the shop where /
worked. The boss sent the
floor lady over to ask me if l
were going to the meeting. I
told her:
You just tell the boss This
I'm not a scab." I went 10 that
meeting s. and I didn't get
fired.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-08-30
VICTOR oLANDER. secre-

WILBUR OGANO6ns -SScre-
tary-treasurer of the Illinois
State Federation of Labor:
Chicago has been militant
labor center almost since its
foundation.
When the Chicago Federation
of Labor was making plans for
the Labor Day celebration in
Soldier Field, the committee
made the statement that the
celebration. would observe the
CFL's 5Uth birthday. -
The committee was wrong.
The GIL has been in existence
far more than so years-but
under another name in earlier
days. Before the 1905 it was
known as the Chicago Trades
and Labor Assembly.
1t was the Chicago trade
union movement that first sug-
gested that Labor Day be de-
clared a national holiday. Back
in the early days of the AFL,
a fellow named Cameron, who
was a delegate to the fedora
tons national convention from
Chicago Typographical Local
16, offered resolution to that
effect, which was adopted.
Our labor movement here,
like the entire American labor
movement, labored under many
difficulties in those days. l
remember well--it was in 1901
that l last walked down the
gangplank to take office for
the first time in my union, the
seamen's union.
Our worst difficulty in those
days was the injunction. There
was no defense against them.
Matters began growing really
bad about 1890, and the Sher-
man Antitrust Act let loose
the flood.
There was no#defense against
the injunctions. They ordered
us to refrain from striking,
from picketing, from talking to
workers, from sitting down with
them-from doing almost any,
thing.
Most labor leaders ignored
the injunctions. Many went to
Jail for contempt of court.
l was rather fortunate. /
never obeyed one of them-and
! never was bothered by the
courts.
The labor spies and the strike
breaking agencies stood ready
to do the work that the in
functions could not do. The
injunctions held us, while the
spies and strike-oreakers at
tackled US.
But labor's fight against the
injunctions was finally success
full. The credit for that must
90 to such old time labor
leaders as Andrew Furuseth.