davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-01-25

Charges were made right and left dur
ing the debate that the Republicans
were seeking to retain the special COM
mittee as political weapon-to turn
up as much dirt against the Democratic
administration as possible. The Re-
publicans, for their part, asked If the
Democrats had something to conceal
Senator Brewster of Maine, who be-
comes chairman of the special commit
tee, was accused by the Democrats of
seeking to bolster presidential boom
for himself. 1t was brisk political
fight any way you look at 1t.
Senator Taft of Ohio, chairman of
the Republican Steering Committee,
took foremost part in the struggle
and the victory added to his already
very considerable prestige in the upper
house. A defeat would have initiated
against his chances for the presidency
On the Democratic side, there was
jubilation. The Democrats had been
able to present an almost united front
something which they were unable to
do on many important occasions in the
last Congress. The contest, they feel,
has done much to cement their ranks,
and they look forward to giving the
Republicans many unpleasant moments
during the Congress now getting under
way.
Whether the group of Republicans
now small-which has shown itself un-
willing to go along with the Republican
leadership can grow is still matter of
&c nj nf ho
group of Republican progressives, mostly
from the Middle West, which gave the
party so much trouble in the 1920s and
which former Senator George Moses of
New Hampshire labeled the Sons of
the Wild Jackass." At present the three
Republican Senators most often of the
reservation are from the East Coast and
the West Coast. How many of the new
Republican Senators they can rally to
them remains to be seen. There are
II Republican Senators who did not
serve in the last Congress-and some
of them have liberal ideas.
With all there is at stake in the ma
tional elections coming up in l948, the
Republican leadership will do its ut
most to keep the party membership in
line At the same time, the Demo-
Gratis, now on the offensive as minor
ity party III the Senate, will show far
greater unity than they did during the
last two Congresses. This is the simple
rule of party politics. Senator Barkley
of Kentucky, the Democratic leader
as he was for eight years when his party
controlled the Senate-may have far
easier task. Furthermore, he is an able
and astute leader.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
This Changing World
By Constantine, BrosOn

With these tasks ahead of 1t. the new
French government must tread lightly
on those matters which might ALLEVIATE
either the Communists, with their five
seats in the cabinet, or the Popular
Republican Movement (MRP) with It's
five The resignation of either group
from the cabinet would confront the
government with new reorganization,
and although the Socialists might be
able to remain in power, it would have
to be On the basis of another coalition.
Although the Communists remain a
powerful force, to be reckoned with in
the future because of the strong hold
which Maurice Thorez and Jacques
Duclos have on the French trade unions,
they have not been permitted to in
trench themselves in any vital spot
through which they can bore deeper
into French official life.
The Communists were denied the In
terror Ministry and the Foreign Office,
which is particularly important at this
time, out were given the National De-
fense Ministry, with other parties hold
ing the subministries of army, navy and
air. Just how effective this isolation of
the one key Communist will be is prob
lematical, for Communists already have
established themselves in the lower ranks
of the armed forces. Any effort to dis
lodge them is sure to provoke immediate
party reaction. So that difficulty re-
mains.
It cannot be said properly that the
Communists campaign for power in
France has been finally beaten, but at
least the expansion of their political
power has been checked and static
condition established If the Socialist
government can make a 60 of it in
France, there may be the same gradual
drift away from communism there, as
has occurred in many other parts of
ElIrOpe
Evening star., 1947-01-25

It is significant, therefore, that he
has made a point Of declaring at
this time that the United States
should begin at Moscow to try lead
ing Europe to economic and political
unity. This is more easily said than
done; unless developed most care
fully, it could lead to the formation
of hostile continental blocs. The
idea itself, however, is basically
sound and seems likely to receive
increasing attention from Euro
peans. The Dutch, for one, are on
record as favoring something very
much like 1t.
Evening star., 1947-01-25

The Presidents executive order def1n-
ing the missions and duties OF our
armed forces, published in connection
with the Army Navy agreement on uni
f1cation, seems on the whole to have
been drafted from functional point OF
view. It turns away from the glib super
simplicity of dividing administration ac-
cording to types and lays emphasis
rather on the tasks to be performed.
It is easy enough to say that every
thing that fights on land shall be Army,
everything that floats on water shall be
Navy and everything that flies in the
air shall be air force. But since even
minor operations of war now require
co-ordinated effort by land, sea and air
elements, this rigid definition, while
easv to administer in peace, Is by no
means in accordance with the realities
of war.
Under the Presidents order, therefore,
an attempt has been made to define
the tasks to be assigned to each COM
ponent of the armed forces and to pro-
vide each with the necessary tools to
perform those tasks. The resulting ad-
ministratiye and command structure is
admittedly more complicated on paper,
but 1t is also more flexible, more adapt
able to the unforeseeable exigencies OF
the future, and infinitely more realistic
when we remember that peacetime
military organization must be prepared
to shift into war organization with as
little friction and readjustment as pos
sible. This last consideration becomes
of peculiar and imperative Importance
when we recall that in any future ener-
gency q few hours may make the dlf-
ference between victory and defeat.
X 4 4
AS an example Of the functional
principle, the Navy is permitted its own
shore-based aircraft for naval recon-
naissance, antiSubmarine operations and
the protection OF shipping. These are
clearly naval responsibilities: hence the
Navy should have all the tools necessary
to carry them out, and not be required
to depend for this purpose on the ald
of q sister service whose major task is
of another character, and to whom
these naval jobs would assume second
ary role The Marine Corps is main
tanned in its historic mission OF de-
veloping the landing force phases OF
amphibious warfare and the seizure or
defense of advanced bases for the fleet.
It is especially notable that no attempt
is made in the presidential order TO
allocate to any one service the de-
velopment of new weapons by types.
It Is apparently anticipated that such
Evening star., 1947-01-25
And Now Hungary

~S~~>%~~ s~~>~Se
domination in Poland by fake elec-
tions should not divert attention
from another variant of their
strong-arm methods simultaneously
taking place in Hungary, aimed at
bringing that country into similar
subordination alongside the other
lands of Eastern Europe within the
Soviet sphere.
Hungary has differed from it's
neighbors behind Moscow's iron
curtain" in having been at least
nominally governed by regime pre-
dominantly non : Communist in
character. That exception is due to
the fact that, in November, 1945, the
Russian occupational authorities
permitted reasonably free elections
on the Yalta formula. The result
was probably disagreeable surprise
to Moscow, because the big winner
was the Smallholders Party, repre-
sentlng the peasantry and urban
middle class. The Communists won
only a small minority of seats in
Parliament, though forming part of
the coalition cabinet which was set
up according to prediction
agreement.
Ever since then, the Communists,
with the obvious backing of the
Russian occupational authorities,
have been muscling their way into
positions of power unjustified by
their popular standing. They first
engineered a forced union with the
Socialists. Then, this left wing
unity" bloc began undermining the
position of the Smallholder Premier
and his parliamentary followers.
Some week ago, the Communists
loudly announced the discovery of
a plot to stage Fascist" revolution
and reinstate the. Horthy regime.
On the face of it, this sounds absurd.
since such a coup would be impos-
sible in presence of a Russian
army of occupation. But widespread
arrests followed, on the initiative of
the Communist leader. who has a
cabinet seat, and charges have been
preferred against several Small
holder deputies. The Premier has
been notified to revoke their par
liamentary immunity and have them
arrested or suffer worse conSe-
quences. III.
That such consequences impend
anyhow seems clear from provoca-
tive utterances of Communist
spokesmen. At a recent left bloc
rally the Socialist leader denounced
the unnatural" victory of the
Stockholders in the 1945 elections
and asserted that Hungary's govern
ment could no longer be based on
"arithmetical. illusions. We have
always argued that electoral arith-
metic cannot form the basis of po-
litical rights. That is why we have
always demanded a thorough purge
of the Smallholders Party"
electoral arithmetic" is certainly
an outstanding addition to that col
lection of Communist semantics
which seeks to camou1age the ex-
ercise of dictatorial power with odd
phrases or words like democracy"
wrenched from all semblance to
their traditional meaning. What
will now ensue in Hungary may be
logically foreseen.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
This and That
Bu Charles E. TrGceDelI


Dear Sir:
"Would there be bluebirds here this
time of year?
eve had some beautiful blue-colored
birds with rust-colored breasts in our
back yard this morning.
"We have a red-headed woodpecker
which is regular visitor to our apple
tree.
"We also have one-legged cowbird
which comes to see us from time TO tlme.
He gets along very well on his one leg.
MANY thanks for your fine column
in The Evening Star. I read 1t every
evening.
"I would like to purchase book on
birds. Would you please recommend
one which would be helpful in Identify
ing the different kinds of birds?
"Thank YOU "H C. L."
Several hundred bluebirds remain IN
Washington and vicinity the year
around.
They come to some fortunate yards,
but the rest of us will have to do with
out bluebirds until early March.
Even then, gardens Of thousands OF
birdlovers will not see these beauties,
because there are still too few OF them
They are very "choosy" about adopt
ing birdhouses put out especially 1or
them.
A pair may fly in, inspect the box Tor
an entire day, then disappear never TO
return.
often this comes about because the
house is put too high.
Most kind hearted persons think tney
are doing the birds a service by putting
the bluebird house or box at least III
feet high on tree trunk.
They think they are saving them from
cats.
The bluebirds think otherwise.
Cats do not worry bluebirds as much
as people think.
In fact, if a bluebird could talk to you,
he would say, "For heavens sake, put my
house down low! -,
"If you put it high, the sparrows will
like it. and fly in, driving me and my
mate out. -,
IF you put it low, these pests will
stay away, as they do not like to nest
low"
Experts assert that no higher than
feet from the ground is best for the
bluebird house.
There is some danger, of course, but
there is always danger in nature.
ONLY man asIires or claims to take the
danger out of living, and he hasn't sue
ceeded very well, as witness increasing
hospitals, ETC.; atomic bombs, increased
sickness around the world. financial in
security, wars and rumors of wars, etc.
[ No. there is still plenty of danger in
life. but the bluebirds and others simply
take life without so much palaver. Walt
Whitman said it when he declared that
he would like to live with the animals,
they do not whine about their condition,
but simply live the lives nature cut out
for them.
The bluebird house ought to be up,
now, in order to let 1t weather.
1t is best fixed firmly to tree trunk
or solid post, and not more than 5 feet
high.
The entrance should be, if possible,
toward the south.
Every one should expect bluebirds, and
hope they will come, but should not be
too disappointed If they do not, and
especially if they do not stay.
A small pocket-sized bird book We
think very good for home use is Land
Birds East of the Rockies" by Chester
Read.
Several new books of this type have
| appeared recently, and every one desir-
| ing a volume of this kind should inspect
them all at one Of the larger book stores
before deciding.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
Both Needed
the Providence Journal.

From the Providence journal.
Perhaps responsible Republican lead
ership in Congress is already deeply en-
gagged in the essential spade work neces-
sary to create the kind OF (labor) law
required. Clearly it ought to be. It Is
the first and most important legislative
duty confronting the Republican Party.
II is a good omen that Mr.. Truman has
promised his cooperation. The Presi-
dent knows that the country can no
longer tolerate the conditions which
Lewis and his coal strike represent. He
must work with the Republicans, and the
Republicans must work with him. if we
are to have new labor law. The law, OF
course, must be based not only on justice
and equity to- labor and management
alike but, fundamentally, on the premise
that industrial peace must be estab-
ushed and maintained.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
Functional UnificatiOn
By George Fielding Eliot

things as rockets and guided missiles
will be needed by all three services,
each in accordance with the require
ments of it's mission.
One could, however, wish that some
thing a little more specific had been
said on the subject of coordination OF
scientific research and development. the
elimination of waste motion and over
tapping and the exchange of data. While
it is clearly within the authority Of the
new secretary of national defense to
provide for such coordination, no harm
could have been done by spelling this
out a nttle-either in the presidential
order or in the letter expressing the
agreement reached by the Secretaries of
War and the Navy.
The presidential order is guilty Of one
very unfortunate omission in its defini-
ton of 'the common missions OF the
armed forces of the United States"-it
says nothing of our international obliga-
tions. Some such phrasing as thiS-"to
support the international commitments
and obligations Of the United States,
and to discharge such international
military responsibilities as may be
assumed by the United States under
the Charter of the United Nations, or
otherwise" would have been helpful both
for the sake Of accurate description and
from public relations viewpoint.
Finally, 1T is devoutly to be wished
that the new secretary had been given
a title without the word defense" in
it. The defensive concept has tormented
and misled us long enough. Perhaps
Congress, in writing the legislation to
give effect to the new plan, can correct
this error by calling the new official
secretary of national security" or
secretary of the armed forces" Either
would be far preferable to giving fur
tIer official stature to the. dangerous
word defense" from which the people
of this country have drawn SO many
erroneous and nearly fatal conclusions
in the past.
These are, however, criticisms OF
detail and not OF principle. In prin-
ciple, as this writer has said in previ-
Gus article, the new plan is sound,
flexible and hopeful. Above all, it does
not attempt to do too much too soon.
1t allows room for growth and for
change in accordance with changing
conditions. Necessarily it represents
compromise between several points OF
view, but it is constructive compromise
which closes no doors that ought TO be
left open.
tcopyrishs. 1877
Evening star., 1947-01-25

Formation of a new French cabinet
under the leadership Of the Socialist
leader Paul Ramadier will provide res
pite, although of uncertain duration,
from the turbulent politics which have
marked the birth pangs Of the Fourth
Republic.
For the moment, at least, Socialist
leadership is predominant in the gov
ernment,. and Mr. Ramadier gave nine
cabinet positions to his party. This
means that Leon Blum's energetic cam
paign to halt Frances economic dete-
rioration and to revive her old ties with
Britain-and thereby with America
can be carried on to what friends OF
France on both sides Of the ocean con-
slider a successful conclusion.
There is much work yet to be done
in saving the franc from complete de-
struction Mr.. Blum's one per cent
cut in all prices has had definite salu-
tary effect, and the other per cent
slash, which is scheduled to go into ef-
feet March /, Will carry France still
further along the road to salvation.
But the value of the franc is more
a symptom than a fundamental cause of
the disease, and the basic reasons for
the francs loss of value must be at
tackled. As in the United States, the
real reasons are war-induced shortages
and tagging production coupled with in
adequate manpower.
\
The Anglo-French alliance, to which
Prime Minister Attlee and Mr.. Blum,
then interim President Premier, pledged
their governments, has yet to be nego-
tiated, and France will continue in con-
nection Herewith her efforts to get the
coal she needs from the British .occu-
patton zone of Germany. The exact
details of the treaty must be worked
out, and in many respects it will fol-
low the agreements already existing be-
tween Britain and Russia, and France
and Russia,
Evening star., 1947-01-25
No Thanks, Andrei

From the ST. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Andrei Vishinsky, the Soviet Deputy
Foreign Minister, commiserates with
Americans who have to endure the
Hearst press, and suggests the use OF
both a "straitjacket' and sanitary
measures against moral and political
dirt"
Thanks, Mr.. vishinsky, but haven't
YOU heard? We have our own remedy
free speech and free press. The pre-
scription's been working pretty well Tor
more than century and half, and we
wouldn't care to change.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
Trumon Acts to Keep
Mortgage on 1948
Retention Of Hannegan Gives
Confirmation to Theory
Bv Doris Heeson

By Doris Fleeson
President Trumans inSistence upon
the status quo in the Democratic
National Committee clinches the already
widely held belief that he intends to
keep the mortgage on the 1948 nomina-
ton strictly in his own name.
1t was not surprise. Democrats
in Congress accept it as fact after
their contacts with him. Various faca
tions of the party who wanted more
aggressive policy and new life" in the
committee had already admitted defeat.
Keeps Aides.
The President shows again with POST
master General Hannegan how tena-
cious he is of the people around him;
how reluctant to change. War Secre-
tary Patterson and Navy Secretary
Forrestal have long, wanted to leave
but have responded to pressure to re-
main until after unification is settled.
Interior Secretary Krug's friends wflis-
per of his departure but he stays.
Labor Secretary Schwellenbach pines
for return to the Federal bench but is
here. Counsel Clark Clifford used to
talk of going home but stays on hand.
There are no new faces in the Kitchen
cabinet" and all the old ones stay on.
They are loyal, too, and increasingly
jealous to see that the boss gets all
the credit due him. 1t is an open
secret, for example, that they COM
planned Jimmy Byrnes got too mucn
credit for a "Byrnes foreign policy"
"a Byrnes firmness toward Russia"
that should have been firmly labeled
Truman.
Actually, there are no other real cam
didates for the Democratic nomination
in '48 and by the nature of the circum-
stances cannot be. 1t is Mr.. Truman's
to accept or reject. And it is still the
best guess of the people around him that
he is more likely to decide on the
grounds of his personal and family
wishes than on political developments.
Eisenhower Boom Fades.
The realists among Henry Wallace's
admirers concede that it will take some
combination of circumstances like a re-
cession at home and failing foreign
policy to revive their champion. They
argue then that it does not make much
difference what he does meanwhile
the times will make him or break him.
The Eisenhower boom lost steam with
the appointment of Gen. Marshall, des-
pite the Chief of Staff,S glowing and
photogenic personality. But it has had
considerable effect-all the visiting Are-
men ask for latest news about the gen.
erals politics and general welfare.
The Kansan Eisenhower could hardly
run on the ticket with his next-State
neighbor Truman, thus violating an
immutable law of the political trade.
For that, the Virginian Marshall Is bet
ter. However, by another inviolable
canon of the trade, nobody ever runs
in advance of the convention for Vice
President; it is considered in rather
humorous bad tate-like eating with a
knife or taking of your shoes in public.
Nothing really wrong, of course, only
people point at you and snicker.
Evening star., 1947-01-25

.Someday shirts again may be
available at a dollar apiece. But
nobody ought to try to hold his
breath waiting for that kind OF
millennium.
Evening star., 1947-01-25
Wants Fares Lowered

To the Editor Of The Star:
The Capital Transit Co. has been
clamoring for higher fares.
But in view of the Nationwide trend
toward lowering of prices, this seems
rather incongruous. If anything, the
present fares are excessive and should
be lowered until commensurate with the
quality of service rendered.
In the past week Ford Motor Co.
lowered its prices on new cars, electric
rates were lowered in New Hampshire,
butter, eggs, wheat and cotton dlopped
to new lows. It is time we all realized
that the party" is overl s.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1947-07-10
BULLETIN NO. l

information of Labor explaining
A. Paipoayl
that the Taft Hartley Bill the law Of the land
Of the and complex changes in the law
'fs the Ssf %
@ and w G u @ % % Of their nG
and % I yq Sse ID s hp.e to sss @ Ss
g as a h aSGs
became effective when it passed June 2srd
cation '1s the
s M i w 1 Pow no @ % n sG Act ss a sae a s s
that '' @ Board
What the status of existing containing closed
o or % & a@a fem I entered n dr into prior % S y
though that has three to It is
% ea 1 at any on Hss ss a @ s
A "su M o fn s h a%S eg ass
mens containing union security clauses which than
the expense Of security
May unions negotiate closedop unonsecurity
The law union agreements into effect
9 Accordingly until August 22 unions will retain the free
s"
s asas
R the fp 5 a yar pr e Ass ses a2 ' thereby
8 What is the status Of check-of provisions?
and effect until the Of
ban @ pa @ Ge t b nr ] OK p1yso % se safe %
s. i9a7 regulations
agreements Any checkof agreement
agreement comply with the law relating
cho provisions order to avoid both criminal and nunctve
After June p ls7 the lawful kind Of ehek9a
have given their employer written individual % which
the agreement, whichever first; 1Np
tSe aut
of sa h of he e @ade es n a a m
fd hs rSf % without an" of the