davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-12-20
azaos.nt Of schooling.

aua0ssat of schooling.
I had a day long interview
with the leaders of the Miners
Union, which has been response
bic for many of the improvements.
The union, with 100000 members,
is completely united, whereas be-
fore the war there were nine
competing unions, representing a
total of only 10000 miners.
President of the union is 46-
year-old Josef Szcsesniak, a
deputy in the Polish Parliament.
He spent three years in the My
slowice concentration camp and
before that, like every other
member of the executive commit
tee. he worked in the pits. Here
are some of the results of mine
uRion activity:
Each miner gets a free lunch
every workday-soup, meat, po-
tatoes. vegetables. bread an d
coffee.
MINERS have a yearly paid
vacation, two weeks minimum up
TO oae month after 10 years. The
usaion runs 81 resorts where MEM
bers pay only one-third of the cost
of food and lodging. The industry,
social security and union pay the
rest.
Medical and dental services,
disqualification and prescriptions
are free under the new social
security law.
The union also runs resorts for
miners children. visited Murzki,
one of the 100-odd such spots, and
found 1874 happy schoolgirls who
had gained from 61s to II pounds
during the months stay. The
miners reminded me that two
years ago, when CLIO leader Leo
Krzyclxi visited them, all they
could serve was bread.
II A MINER is sick or injured,
he gets 75ao of his wages for as
long as he is off the job plus So
additional for each child. For full
disability as a result of accident
he gets full pay as long as he
lives.
The wages of the union presi-
deat are set on the basis of what
the miners earn. Union Pres.
Szcsesnask pointed out: IF more
salary is paid. there is tendency
TO forget the lives the workers
i've. And then you can no longer
adequately represent them."
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-12-20
BY BOB TRAVIS

and there won'i
be any. In pre-
war Poland chill
drera of i3 TO Is
could be found
w o r king full
ii m e in tn e
mines. Now. go
below a young
ster must be 10
years old a "A d
have q specified
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-12-20
In PoIord.
the miners
are elite

The foltozCsng I OR y from Bob
Travis, allied Labor NesCs roofing
European correspondent, z0os filed
shortly before his recent return to
eks u. s.
BY BOB TRAVIS
KATOWICE, Poland--(ALN-
Coal miners are today the ''elite"
of Poland. The economy of the
country depends on coal. Miners
are classified in the top category
for wages, social services, priori-
ties in housing, food, etc.
New communities are springing
up in the mine areas. Instead of
the traditional dilapidated mine
towns, Polish miners are now
moving into new, modern homes
with basement, hath and cleo
tricity. ...-.
Before the war miners were
lucky If they worked three days a
week. Now there are no laYoffs
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-12-20

PRICE control and rationing
were continued in the Soviet
Union until this week. Meas
ures taken by the government
with the ending of these con-
trolls were designed to prevent
speculative holders of large
quantities of cash from driving
prices up, and to remove the
German issued currency from
circulation.
To the average Soviet citi-
zen the changes in the money
system mean:
/. Lower prices of 1927 10
1879 for bread, flour cereals
and macaroni. Prices of other
products are somewhat lower
or remain at control levels
z. Bank accounts up TO 1000
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Senator'S Vote 10 Extend
And LiberaIize Credit Curbs
BY the Assoeio,sd Press

Legislation extending controls on
consumer installment buying through
December 81 but requiring more
liberal credit terms was approved,
7 to 4. today by the Senate Banking
Committee.
The House Banking. Committee
has voted to eliminate such con-
trolls, currently In effect under q
presidential executive order.
The resolution approved by the
Senate committee would prohibit
the Federal Reserve Board from
fixing less than q 24-month period
for paying for consumer goods on
credit.
All such goods now covered by the
boards regulation wv" must be
paid for in at least Is months.
A committee oflcial told newsmen
that under the proposed extension
of controls 1t would be up to the
board to decide whether "a months
or some longer period would be the
maximum.
The resolution also prohibits the
board from requiring down pay
ment of more than 20 per cent. At
present 20 per cent is required for
furniture, but a down payment of
third is required on installment
buying of automobiles, refrigerators,
stoves, washing machines and other
consumer items.
Evening star., 1947-07-11
| so Million Jobs
InU. S. Realized
For First Time

The Census Bureau reported today
that $4,000 900 civilian jobs have
become a reality for the first time In
American history.
The number of civilian employed,
the bureau reported, jumped 1,73o,-
900 during June over the previous
record set in May to reach a total OF
0,055 900.
The main reason cited was the
customary upswing in farm work
during the summer. The number
employed in agriculture increased
1920 600 to total of 10,377 900.
But there also was rise Of $4,000
in nonfarm workers, lifting the total
outside of agriculture to 49,678, 900.
This rise In o1-the farm work has
run counter to earlier expectations
of some Government economists and
has been 3 factor IN causing many
of them to abandon forecasts that
business would slack Oh this sum.
mer.
The number of technically un-
employed also increased because OF
an influx of school students into
job-seeking ranks during the sum-
mer recess.
Unemployment rose by 100000 70
total OF 2,555,0 600, the bureau saias
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Five Girls From District Area
Token Off Disabled Boot in Bay

Pat Keen, l6, daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. M. F. Keen, of Shady Side.
Margaret Crumbaugh, Is, daugh-
ter of Mrs. Ruby Crumbaugh, also
Of Cabin John.
Pat Keen was skipper of the boat
which the girls took out for sail
yesterday from their base at Shady
Side.
Late IN the evening the boat de-
veloped rudder trouble about 2 miles
OF Thomas Point, below Annapolis,
according to the Associated Press.
Another report from Baltimore said
the boat, which the girls bought
about five years ago, cracked its
mast during q storm.
A pilot aboard the South Bend
was attracted by their shouts about
8 pm. and saw q white shirt waving
from an oar. The freighter launched
lSee RESCUE, Page A-40
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Fiscal independence
Under DC. Home Rule
Is Proposed by GAO
Toxing and Appropriation
Power Urged If Congress
Assures Able Government
BY Harold B. Rogers

A General Accounting Office
spokesman today recommended
that home rule for the District
should include the power to levy
taxes and appropriate money,
provided that Congress set up
sufficient safeguards to insure
capable city government.
Testimony to this effect was
heard by the House District Sub
committee on Home Rule and Re-
organization Of the District as 1t
continued its series Of hearings.
Treasury Department oficials
offered continued use Of some de-
partmental services for the city
under District home rule, suggest
ing, however, that such services be
under an optional rather than
mandatory basis.
Federal Payment Left for Congress.
Supervision OF financial institu-
tions here, now handled by the
controller Of the currency, should
not be transferred to the District,
Treasury officials emphasized.
The question of what to do about
the Federal payment towards costs
Of the District governmentSWas left
by both Treasury and Gao wit
nesses for consideration by Congress
itself. They discussed this issue
only in passing, connning themselves
to specific questions submitted by
the committee.
The GAO's position was presented
by w. L. Ellis, assistant to the con-
troller, and j. D. Denit. division
chief. They filed with the commit
tee an eight-page statement sug-
gesting how fiscal operations Of the
District might be conducted II Con-
gress granted home rule.
The feasibility Of delegating 10 the
District entire control over Its
finances, the statment, will depend
1See HOME Rule Paoe An
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Pictures on Page B-f.)

The successor to Paul Boudrot Is
Washington Soap Box Derby cham
pion will be determined tomorrow In
an all-day cosster-racing program
on Pennsylvania avenue Sc, be-
tween Texas avenue and Carpenter
street.
It will be the sixth running Of
the event for gravity powered, boy
built racers. '3@
The program win begin with .
parade at B am.
Units taking part will include the
American Legion National Guard OF
Honor, the musical organizations OF
Legion posts, their color guards and
the young contestants, attired IN
their gold -colored racing helmets
and white racing shirts.
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Federal aIWorkers
In War Services
FaceDismissaI
Firing Of Thousands
Planned to Save Jobs
Of Career Employees
By Joseph Young

The Civil Service Commission
is planning to dismiss thousands
OF war service Government en-
ployes in order to save the jobs
OF an equal number of perma-
nent-status workers, it was re-
vealed today.
Federal departments and agencies
have been ordered to submit the
names of all war service employees
who are doing work comparable to
that being done by career service
employees now losing their jobs.
The commission then will order
the dismissal of all war service en-
ployes who can be replaced by career
workers. Commission officials esti-
mate that thousands of permanent
status employees are losing their jobs
or are facing dismissals as a result
OF the current reduction in force
program.
Plan Revealed at Conference.
The new plan was revealed at q
conference held by the commission
With officials of the CIO United
Public Workers of America. Led bv
Daniel Schwartz, UPWA's Washing
ton regional director, and Henry
Daniel, president of UPWA's local
No. here, the union CONTINGENT
asked that immediate steps be taken
70 protect career service people.
The C1O group then was informed
OF the commissions plans.
Under the former program, per-
manent status people could not be
fired ahead of war service emploves
IN their own agency, or in their own
geographical section of the country.
ihe new plan, however, applies
this principle on a Governments
wide basis. For example, a perman-
ent status clerk who loses his lob in
the Interior Department could re-
place war service employe filling a
similar job in the Commerce Depart
ment. Under the former program of
aiding permanent status EMPLOYEES
this could not be done.
Procedure Expanded.
The commission previously had
ordered the new procedure In the
case of P-1 (first professional grade)
employees. The new move, however,
calls for the departments and agen-
cies to submit to the commission the
names of all employees nllinK Jobs
at the CATS level (s3, 800 a year
and above).
In jobs below the CATS classi-
flcation the commission Is not call
ing for the names Of individual war
service employees, but Is asking for
the number of war service employees
In each classification and the type
Of jobs that they are filling.
Commission officials hope the new
program will save the jobs of thou
sands Of career employees in the so.
called old-line agencies and depart
ments. Many of these employees
have been given their 30-day dis
missal notices and are being re.
tanned on their jobs on day-to-day
basis. pending final congressional
action on the various 1948 appro-
priation bills.
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Sunday Reading

The cost Of living may go a
notch higher as a result of the
fat contract John L. Lewis OBJ
tanned for the soft coal miners.
The reason: Directly or indi-
rectly, everything made and
sold in America is dependent
on coal-and the bituminous
operators say their prices are
going up with the miners
wages. In a thought-provok-
ing article in Sundays Edi-
torial Section, James Y. New
ton. The Stars labor analyst,
answers some serious economic
questions prompted by the
latest developments In the coal
industry.
On the lighter-than-air side,
Charles E. Tracewell, veteran
Star columnist who for years
has been giving his readers
"the bird" (orntthologically, OF
>course), introduces . nature
loving photographer, Ralph E.
Lawrence, in a pleasing layout
and attractive color cover In
the Pictorial Magazine.
These and many other va
ried features Of foreign and
domestic interest, plus the
usual special coverage of new
books, society, sports. garden
ing, art, music, amusements,
etc, round out the thorough
and accurate news content Of
Chr 6nnhay Star
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Nv tha Associated Press

Measures providing for a long
range housing program and for
immediate cash payment OF
terminal pay for veterans were
omitted today from a list OF leg
islation scheduled by Senate Re-
publican leaders for action be-
fore adjournment of Congress
July 26.
Chairman Taft of the Senate Re
publican Policy Committee told re-
porters, however, that these meas
ures and others not on the must"
list may get congressional approval
If it can be agreed to act without
long debate"
Senator Taft said the COP lead
ers plan to try to push q cluster OF
delayed appropriations bills through
the Senate by Tuesday.
After that, he said, 10 measures
regarded as "non-contro oversial" will
be speeded to completion. Missing
from this list were bills for housing,
cash terminal pay for veterans, the
st. Lawrence seaway project and
Evening star., 1947-07-11

-Four washington-area Girl Scout
mariners and q nth girl from
Shady Side. Md. were brought into
Baltimore today by a freighter after
being rescued from their disabled
1s-foot catboat on Chesapeake Bay
south Of Annapolis last night.
On board the S. S. South Bend
Victory when she docked this morn
ing were:
Ann Flagg, 10, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. D. n. Flagg Of Arlington,
a student at Western High School
Pat Tobey. Is, daughter OF Mr.
and Mrs. E. S. Tobey, Sis Twentieth
street NV, q junior aide at Emerg-
ency Hospital.
Anne Fenton, II, daughter Of Mr.
and Mrs. Frank p. Fenton Of Cabin
John, Md, q senior at Holy Trinity
High School.
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Tern,inoIPoy and Housing Bills
Omitted FromG.O.P. Must List
But Taft Says These and Other Measures
Still May Pass if Debute Can Be Curbed
You Cont Do Thot to Ne Again

increasing the national hourly mini
mum wage scale.
Senator Taft outlined at a news
conference the Republican plans
agreed to at q strategy session Of
Senate COP leaders last night.
Senator Taft listed these meas
ures for action following tax and
appropriation legislation:
President Truman's reorganization
plan No. to establish a central
housing and home financing agency.
This was rejected June 18 by the
House but the Senate Banking Com
mittee has recommended approval.
Senator Taft said he will support it.
Both the Senate and House must
reject a presidential reorganization
plan to defeat it.. ...-
GI Bills on Program.
A Senate bill to increase st,bsiSt-
ence allowances to veterans who are
studying under the CT bill of rights.
A Senate Bill to authorize, con-
tinued purchase Of automobiles for
blind and amputee veterans.
A House-approyed resolution that
7See CONGRESS, Page Alb
Evening star., 1947-07-11
CzECHs CITE PRESSURE by Reds
as evidence Of position. Page Az
By the kssoc;uted Press

PARIS, July 1.-THE east
west rift in Europe widened to-
day on the eve of the continental
recovery conference as Czecho-
slovakia lined up with other
Russian satellites in a boycott
of the meeting, called by Britain
and France.
Fourteen nations had accepted
invitations to join the two sponsors
in consultations on Secretary of
State Marshal's "aid-Europe" plan
to begin at II am. (6 am. EDIT
tomorrow in the French Foreign
Minister'S state dining room.
But eight others, all in the East
and all tied politically or economi-
cally to the Soviet Union, had
turned down such invitations.
The Finnish radio announced
tonight that Finland had declined
the invitation to the conference.
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Soop Box Derby Racing
Proorum Outlined for omorrow

The series Of elimtnations Is spon-
sored by The Star and the Legion,
In association with Chevrolet. 1t
will decide who will represent the
Capital In the national finals at
Akron, Ohio, on August II.
Brig. Gen. Claude B. Ferenbaugh,
commanding general Of the military
district Of Washington, will be the
principal speaker Of the prerace
ceremonies. His remarks will be
broadcast by Station WMAL be-
tween 8 and 9:15 am.
Department Comdr. Guy g. Ma.
deau of the Legion then will pull
the lever to send the first group Of
three racers of the starting ramp.
The Judges at the finish line will
Be Jim Youel, Washington Redskins
quarterback; Jim Kehoe, Maryland
1see SOAP BOX, Page A-43
Evening star., 1947-07-11
76Notions Will Open Farley
Tomorrow on Marshall Plan
Withdrawal Of Czechs and Firms Refusal
Increase Number Of Nonporticiponts to 8

OF the nonparticipating countries,
Czechoslovakia had said earlier this
week that she would attend the con-
ference, but Last night announced
she had changed her mind because
acceptance of the invitation might
be construed as an action against
the Soviet Union"
The announcement in Prague said
the entire cabinet had approved the
decision. The cabinet had been in
session six hours after telephone
call from Communist Premier Kle-
ment Gottwald ir Moscow. Mr.
Gottwald night before last saw So
Wet Prime Minister Stain.
The lineup on tomorrow's confer
ence:
Out-Russia, Czechoslovakia, Po-
land, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Ro-
mania, Bulgaria. Albania and Fin
land.
In-Britain, France, Austria. Bel
GUM; the Netherlands, Luxembourg,
Fire. Iceland. Norway, Sweden. Den
1C.o MAPCHAIJ, PLAN Page A-4)
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Truman and Cabinet
Study Coal Contracts
Effect on Living Costs
Economic Council Report
On Nations Outlook
Will Be Sent to Congress
By jones Y. Newton

President Truman and the
cabinet today studied a special
midyear report on the Nations
economic outlook, including the
possible effect on living costs OF
the coal miners new wage in
creases, and decided to send the
document to Congress within 10
days.
Charles G. Ross, White House
press secretary, announced that the
report, prepared by the Presidents
Council of Economic Advisers, was
a subject of discussion at the cabi-
net meeting. He said it was the con-
sensus of the meeting that there has
been "a tendency to exaggerate the
importance of the coal settlement on
the overall wage picture"
"Of course, If prices should go up
as a result (of the coal wage boost) ,
that would be a matter of concern, '
Mr.. Ross said, adding that DR.. Ed
win G. Nourse, chairman OF the eco
nomic council, read to the cabinet a
memorandum on the state OF the
Nations business based on the courl-
ellis researches. ,>..
Anthracite Pact Signed.
The announcement was made as
the entire coal industry settled down
to what 1t hopes will be year OF
peaceful relations following a sud-
den announcement by John L. Lewis
that a new contract had been signed
with operators employing $4,000 an
thracite miners.
Agreement on new pact was
reached after only few hours OF
negotiation late yesterday between
Mr.. Lewis, his hard coal district
chiefs and representatives Of the
anthracite industry. There was no
advance notice of the meeting, al
though it had been expected the
United Mine Workers would reopen
the anthracite contract.
The new contract signed this week
with the much larger soft coal In
dustry paved the way for peace IN
the hard coal fields, most OF which
are located in Eastern Pennsylvania.
S1.20 Mere Per Day.
Hard coal miners receive an In
crease of sl.20 per day. They work
q seven-hour day. The new rates
will be $110o a day for Inside men
and 80 40 for the workers outside OF
the pits. The increase per hour for
both classes of workers is I'll cents.
The new soft coal contract calls
for payment of $13.05 for an eight
hour day. This includes six and
one-half hours of actual work time
when allowance. is made for time
travelling to and from the working
faces and a half hour for lunch.
Weekly pay Of hard coal miners
has been slightly below that Ia the
soft coal fields. However, since the
anthracite men work shorter day
their hourly rate has been from 10
to Is cents higher. The hourly rate
(See COAL, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1947-07-11
Big Cye|otron Dwarfs
Bomb in Atom Smash,
Yields New Elements
Opens Way for Production
OF 100 New Radioactive
Substances for Research
By ths Asseeio,ed Press

PALO ALTO. Calf, July 11.-A
devastating smashup OF the
atom, yielding a whole layout OF
strange new transmuted ele-
ments, was reported today as the
first formal achievement OF the
giant postwar cyclotron at the
University of California.
This initial effort of the 4.000-ton
concrete-caged mechanical monster
opens the way for production OF up
ward of 100 new radioactive ele-
ments for scientific research. AT
present there are about $50 radio
active and 275 stable forms of the
conventional elements.
For the first time on record, an
atom was extensively smashed by a
man-made machine. Heretofore
atom smashing has consisted OF
knocking one or two bits OH the
nucleus. Even an atom bomb ex-
plosion divides a nucleus into not
more than five parts.
The cyclotron wrought havoc by
hurting 200 ,000, ,000-voit bullets at at
on1s of arsenic. The arsenic nucleuses
were shattered into at least "a and
possible as many as 80 pieces. AT
least 10 of these pieces were them
selves elements Of regular matter
At one stroke the big machine had
t,,ry,ed or,e relatively heavy element
into many different lighter elements
with some spare parts left over.
A-Bomb Scientists Report.
DR.. Glen T. Seaborg and DR.. Tsa.
dore Perlman, vino were among the
top researchers on the atom bomb
reported the work to the American
Physical Society meeting at Stan.
ford University. The experimenter;
included DR.. B. B. Cunningham, DR.
H. H. Hopkins, Mr.. Manfred Linder
7See CYCI OTRON. Page A.4D