davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-03-26
|Shaky Economy periIs
Peace, Clayton Says
In Citing Greek Plight
BY the Associated Press

Undersecretary of State Clayton
said today the plight of Turkey ano
Greece clearly shows that peace can
not be stable or long enduring
under shaky economy.
| Hence the more the United States
can do to bring about healthy &C.
honomic conditions" he said, 1.-THE
fewer political problems we will
have"
Mr. Clayton testified before the
House Ways and Means Committee
which recently voted a searching in
quiry into the administrations re-
ciprocal trade program.
The group is expected to inquire
also into the 18-nation conference
on trade and employment opening
at Geneva on April 10.
Poverty Gives Rise to Problem.
Mr.. Clayton said in his prepared
testimony that "our kind of system
cannot fully succeed while wide
spread poverty and want exist"
ION the contrary he added, at
is the continuation of such condi-
tionS that gives rise to the serious
political problems in many parts of
the world"
Referring to President Truman's S
request for aid to Greece and Tur-
key, Mr.. Clayton declared the
United States has never said inter-
national economic cooperation in
itself would assure international
peace.
But it is clear" he said, that
in the absence of satisfactory eco
nomic conditions, political problems
become intensified and political
peace cannot be stable or long en-
during"
Geneva Talks Listed.
Mr.. Clayton said that at Geneva
delegates from the 18 invited ma
tions will:
l. Conclude preparations for an
international conference on world
trade and employment and finish
drafting a charter for an interna-
tional trade organization.
2. Negotiate trade agreements to
reduce tariffs and other trade bar
riers and work for the substantial
elimination of trade restrictions.
The Undersecretary said the ITO
will not be an international super
government" in the economic field
with power to fix tariffs or control
either foreign or domestic trade. He
continued
The whole aim and purpose of
the International Trade Organiza-
ton and of the suggested charter is
to reduce and minimize, not to in
crease, governmental interference
with foreign trade carried on by pri-
vate traders, and to guide that trade
on economic, not political, prin-
ciples."
The United States, he said, has
emerged from the war as the giant
of the economic world" and what
we do or don't do with our power
will determine the course of events
not only in this country but
throughout the world.
Evening star., 1947-03-26
were above those in adjoining Mary.
land and Virginia counties.

were ABOVE those IN ADJOINING MARY
land and Virginia counties.
Multiple Police Forces Hit.
Mr.. Horan also renewed his at
tack on the multiple Federal and
District police forces operating in
the District.
DR.. Hobart M. Corning, superin-
tendent of schools, the next witness
gave a detailed justification of the
heavily increased costs in operating
the public school system in the last
10 years.
He pointed to rise of 100 to zoe
per cent in building construction
costs as one reason. He showed
also that despite imitation, increases
in general operational costs amount
ed to only 405 per cent in the last
10 years. As to capital improve
ments, he added, there had been no
significant" increase, the average
outlay for the last 10 years being
,$1,734,611.
Of the 40 per cent increase In
operational costs, DR.. Corning said,
81 per cent was due to requirements
of law. This would be caused most
ly by legislated salary increases.
Bates Protests Free Tuition.
Representative Bates, Republican,
of Massachusetts, who heads the
fiscal subcommittee of the House
District Committee, renewed his
protest against free tuition which
the District school system must give
children of parents living in Mry-
land and Virginia.
DR.. Corning submitted report
showing 3,270 nonresident pupils
get free schooling here. He esti-
mated the expense is equivalent tc
operating 100 classrooms at a yearly
cost OF $426,120.
In supporting the $1s,000,0o0
school budget for the next fiscal
year, DR.. Corning appealed for funds
for school construction, reporting
that some 1000 pupils still are on
halliday instruction because of lack
of facilities.
The school budget, DR.. Corning
explained, contemplates a $700 in
crease in teacher pay over the old
permanent basic pay levels. This
pay increase would be authorized
under one of the bills before the
joint fiscal subcommittee
The hearings will be resumed at
10 am. tomorrow.
Evening star., 1947-03-26
Sales Tax High Lights

| Exemption include sales Of food
for home use, prescriptions of psy.
sicians or medicines compounded
by druggists. amusement tickets
transportation and communication
services, advertising space. new OF
used motor vehicles, which already
pay a per cent titling tax; crutches
and other artificial appliances,
sales to the State or its political
subdivisions. sales of gasoline and
liquid fuel where a State tax already
is imposed, professional insurance
or personal service transactions,
sales of livestock, poultry, feed, seed,
sales to other manufacturers, pro-
ducers, wholesalers or retail mer-
chants for purpose of resale, and
sales to persons operating a nom
profit religious, charitable, scientific,
literary or educational institution.
Evening star., 1947-03-26
Here is Hotp the MARYLAND sales

Here is HotD the Maryland sales
tar, aDditing GoU. Lanes signa-
ture, 1Oll be imposed.
/. No charge on sales under
cents.
2. One cent on each sale from
9 to so cents, inclusive.
3. Two cents from 81 cents to 81.
4. One cent additional on each
so cents OF price or fraction thereof
in excess of 81.
The tax will apply to all sales of
tangible personal property. 1t in
cludes the sale for consumption on
the premises of any meals. food,
drink at restaurants, hotels, drug
stores, ETC., and for any room. lodg-
ing at a hotel or inn, etc. 1t also
applies to sale of building materials,
natural or artificial gas, oil, cleo
tricity or steam. -
Evening star., 1947-03-26
Tuxes
Continued From First Page.)

new ventures by business and put
the AK to punitive taxes"
The chairman of the House Ways
and Means Committee told his COL
leagues:
Bill Called Fair to All.
For years we Republicans have
been warning that the short haired
women and long-haired men of
alien minds in the administrative
branch of the Government were try
ing to wreck the American way of
life and install a hybrid oligarchy
in Washington through confiscatory
taxation.
This bill is fair, but it is only a
start in the right direction. AS we
clear away the dead wood in the
Executive branch and restore eff
cheney in Government, there will be
further tax relief.
"It is fair bill because 1t puts
the ak to punitive taxes designed
by alien minds and whizzed through
subservient Congresses tax pro-
gram that fitted neatly into the New
Dealers master plan to put ceilings
over all Americans and make of this
"a Nation of automatons.
Vote Set for Tomorrow.
rr1oa elo y1Sa Nv, H.
tax bill is set for tomorrow. Speaker
Martin, who personally rallied Re-
publican support. confidently pre-
dicted victory by comfortable mar
gin. Republicans outnumber Demo-
Gratis in the House 245 to 1873.
But even before the House debate
began, Senator Taft, Republican, of
Ohio indicated the measure will be
revised when it reaches the Senate
One change might make the eff
fective date July l, rather than last
January l as provided in the House
bill. This would reduce the tax cut
this calendar year. by approximately
81 300 100000.
Senator Taft told reporters the
House bill, in it's present form, would
cost the Treasury $500, 100000 in
the fiscal year beginning July be-
cause $1,000, 900 900 in overpayments
for the January-to-July period
would have to be added to the $3,-
$40, 900, 900 full-year reduction.
The Ohio Senator noted this
would virtually wipe out the $6,000,-
100000 saving the House has pledged
in President Truman's. budget and
would exceed the $4S00, ,OOo,o cut
voted by the Senates Efforts to
compromise those two figures have
been unavailing thus far.
Party lines were closely drawn
as House debate opened.
In its present form, the bill would
slash by 80 per cent the taxes of
20, ,000, 900 persons in the smallest in
come bracket and give 20 per cent
cut to most of the others among the
46, 100000 individual taxpayer.
Evening star., 1947-03-26
Civil Liberties Union
Sees Loyalty Check
Lacking Safeguards
By Joseph Young

The American Civil Libertie.
Union today voiced its grave con.
Germ" over the Forthcoming loyalty
investigation of Federal workers, de.
claring that the procedures con.
tanned in the Presidents executive
order constitute a menace to civi
liberties"
while recognizing the proper in
terest of the Government in the
loyalty Of its employees" the ACLU
said various changes are needed ir
the executive order to guarantee
Federal workers "the legitimate ex-
ercise of their civil rights"
The ACLU, which for many years
has fought to protect civil liberties
in this country, said Mr.. Truman's
order lis so broad in its scope and
substance, so lacking in sufficient
safeguards necessary for the protec-
ton of individuals and wanting
clarity as to procedure that it con-
stitutes a menace to civil liberties.
Changes to Be Proposed.
The group appointed a special
committee to study the order In
detail and propose desirable
changes" When the committee
submits its report, the ACLU said
1t would request hearing with the
Attorney General on the proposed
changes.
Some officials Of even the con-
servative Federal employees unions
while whole-heartedly supporting
the objectors of the order-to rio
the Government of Communists
fellow travellers and other undesir-
ables-have privately voiced their
concern that accused employees
might not be granted their full con-
stitutional rights in defending
themselves.
These officials pointed out the
executive order doesn't specifically
provide the accused has the right
TO be confronted by his accuser and
to cross-examine witnesses, as is
provided for in the Constitution OF
the United States in the cases OF
all persons accused of crimes.
Hearings Provided.
"Vindictive officials could turn
proceedings into star-chamber af-
fairs if they wanted to-" one union
leader remarked. He was not an
Official of the left-wing CIO United
Public Workers, the only major
Government employees union which
has remained silent on the order.
The other organizations have in
dorsed the objectives of the loyalty
investigation enthusiastically.
The Presidents executive order
provides that every accused en-
ploye be entitled to hearing be-
fore a loyalty board accompanied
by counsel or representative of his
own choosing, and to present evi-
dence on his behalf, through wit
ness or by affidavit"
Justice Department and Civil
Service Commission officials haven't
disclosed what the trial procedures
will be, but officials of both agen-
cies have pledged that accused en-
ployes will get fair hearing"
The officials also have pledged that
the loyalty investigation will not
develop into witch hunt"
Evening star., 1947-03-26
MARYLAND
Continued From First Page.)

| just, obnoxious and unwise,' Senator
Kimble shouted:
Have we reached the state in this
General Assembly when the mem
bers are placed under such severe
pressure that they are handicapped
in the performance Of their duties
pressure of intimidation, coercion
and threats until some, God help
them, weak souls, have fallen by
the wayside?"
From Senator Roy Tasco Davis,
Republican, of Montgomery County,
came the prediction that the econ
omy of his county would be de-
stroyed by passage of the bill.
THE Governor has two pockets
from which to get the money he
needs" Senator Davis declared "One
pocket has the nickels, dimes and
pennies of low income people who
will havesto pay the sales tax The
other pocket has folding money
The Governor has decided to take
the funds with which to operate the
State from the first pocket
Senator Joseph M. George, DEM
ocrat, OF Queen Annes County, a
leader in the fight for the bill, de-
MED that sales tax would fall on
those least able to pay.
Cites Need for Tax.
Pointing out that food, rent, medi-
cine and gasoline are exempted,
Senator George emphasized that. the
States education and road pro-
grams are entirely dependent" on
passage of the Jill. %
Three Republican Senators joined
IA Democratic Senators H. voting II
to IL for adoption of the favors BILE
report.
In last-ditch fight, 10 Repubh-
can Senators then presented a sub
stitute tax program as an amend
ment to the bill
The program called for a per
cent corporation tax, a per cent
Ipersonal income tax, Scent per
gallon tax on beer, a 30-cent per GAL
Ion levy on wine, a tax on whisky
of $1.50 per gallon, a 2-cent tax on
| each package of cigarettes, 1-cent
tax on cigars, similar levy on
smoking and chewing tobacco and
/ a per cent tax on amusements.
After the amendment was defeat
ed, 10 to 10, Senator George i'm
imediately asked that the rules be
suspended and the sales tax bill
placed on third reading for final
passage. The request was approved
and the bill adopted.
| The roll call on the sales tax bill
in the Senate follows:
Evening star., 1947-03-26
FOREIGN
Continued From First Page

opposition witnesses followed the
line taken by Senators Pepper, DEM
ocrat, of Florida, and Taylor, DEM
ocrat, Of Idaho, who launched a drive
in the Senate late yesterday for a
substitute that would extend $780,
100000 relief to Greece through
u. N, and omit. Turkey from the
program.
The need for strengthening the
U. N. is the "crux of the matter, Mr..
Bolte told the committee, adding:
Il do not share the opinion OF
those who say that the President S
proposal kills the u. N. believe
it only offers further proof Of what
has for long been apparent; that the
U. NJ, as presently constituted is
totally inadequate to keep the
peace. U. N. today Is simply a con-
cent of powers; it will be useful SO
long as the great states agree and
not one minute longer"
Opposition witnesses were per-
nitted to read their statements
without interruption and committee
members asked only two or three
questions during the entire morn
ing session.
Mr.. Music said both the United
States and Russia have bad case
of jitters."
SAYS Fears Feed on Each Other.
Declaring the Russians have no
atomic weapons, while this country
has a stock pile of atomic bombs,
Mr.. Music said American fear and
self-righteousness and Russian fear
and righteousness feed upon
each other
The witness said he would support
the Truman proposals for relief IN
Greece under civilian auspices, but
reject proposals of a political OF
military nature.
Mr.. Mellish said his Council OF
American-Sovi Friendship was
formed five years ago as meeting
place for Americans who recognize
the need for understanding and CO.
operation between these two ma
tions, first to win the war and then
to assure the peace. He argued dl-
rect aid by one member to another
member nation of U. N. will under
mine. if not scuttle, the world or
ganiZation.
A sure sign that members OF the
Senate are warming up for a thor
ough discussion of the world sltua-
ton and the future of the Unlteo
Nations was seen in the move by
Senators Pepper and Taylor to give
only non military aid to Greece.
Connally Meets Challenge.
When Senator Pepper took the
floor yesterday to suggest this al
ternative, Senator Connauy, Demo
crat of Texas, lost no time in meet
ing the challenge.
Senator connally, chairr"~n of the
Foreign Relations Cor.,mittee, In
quired whether the United States
would meet this situation with cour.
age. or trim and hedge
He told the Senate that the re-
cent United States loans to England
France and Italy were made to stol
the "surges of communism"
Senator Connally said that unles!
the United States had gone to theil
economic relief" these nation!
might have been submerged by
Communism
Everyone knows, he said, that ST
far the United Nations does no
have a dime nor does it have ont
soldier"
The Socialist Party, meanwhile
made public test ''ony prepared fol
the Senate Co.----,ittee, urging tha
al military aspects of the assist.
ance program be deleted in favol
of generous loans for relief ane
rehabilitation purposes only.
Evening star., 1947-03-26

Washington, told him the joint
revenue hearings will provide you
with much information"
Urges Centralized Authority.
In his criticism of District man
agement, Mr. Horan said some pat
ern of government" must be set up
80 some one in the District would
be absolutely responsible. He said
this should be done even if it must
have some salve for arrogant de-
partments.
In this connection, he protested
there were numerous Government
units here which operated outside
the authority of the Commissioners
He listed the following as "a few:
Washington Aqueduct, National
Guard, National Capital Parks, Ma
tional Capital Park and Planning
Commission, the Zoo, register OF
wills and recorder of deeds.
Mr.. Koran cited a rrelief case
which he thought was unjustif1ed
and said it was but one of "hun-
dreds" of similar instances. The
case cited was that Of a father OF
three illegitimate children who was
employ ed, he said, in the District
refuse department at 1880 a week
and who got a relief grant of SIS
a month for the three dependents
and the mother.
Opposes Free Rides"
"If you are going to handle relief
that way, God help our republic" he
said. Unless the Federal budget is
balanced and unless morality and
justice obtain in governmental op-
erations, you won't need to worry
about anything beyond 1948.'
While urging heavier taxes for the
District and denouncing the relief
system, Mr.. Horan said: "You don't
ride free on streetcars. don't feel
that any one should get a free ride
on the Government.
He said that despite the state
ments made at an earlier hearing
by Tax Assessor Edward A. Dent, he
believed the District should pay
more property taxes. Bringing out
that only some $4,000 persons have
to pay the Districts income levy, he
said : II don't think the income tax
is going to work and I don't see how
we are going to escape the sales
tax"
Expects Costs to Increase.
On the question of the size of the
Federal payment. Mr.. Horan said
the entire Federal budget should be
considered. Also, he said, it should
be remembered that the United
States spends billions in the District
for salaries of Government workers
and Government operations.
Much of this stays in Washing
ton and is not taxed" he added.
The Commissioners have urged q
VA AOooSl VI tliC O&oGA III
income tax and adoption Of gen.
eral sales tax as means of taxing
thousands of persons who work here
or the transients or temporary resi-.
dents wlp use District facilities but
escape District taxes.
Mr. Horan repeated his belief Dis.
trict government costs are going Il
continue to increase and said he be.
lieved a District budget between
s10o,OOO.OOo and 5000, 1000, 900 in thu
near future would not be out oi
order"
His statement about District rea
estate taxes recalled that Assessor
Dent had testified "a survey showed
that while Washington's tax ratt
is below that of many other juris.
dictions, actual taxes paid her ART
at or near the top of the list because
of the full value assessment system
A study showed. Mr.. Dent testified
that actual property taxes paid hert
Evening star., 1947-03-26
= AA . Your Monos BaeA! WV
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80 thorough! Olive Tablets act on
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Evening star., 1947-03-26

new ventures by business and put
the AK to punitive taxes"
The chairman of the House Ways
and Means Committee told his COL
lao o11ac.
Evening star., 1947-03-26

'icity or steam
Evening star., 1947-03-26
Fiscal
Continued From First Page.)

Mr.. Koran Republican from
Washington, told him the joint
revenue hearings will provide you
with much information.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-05-08

though highly vocal. group, and
the amount Of attention he is given
is largely the result of his once
having held high positions in our
government.
The truth is that the country has
rarely been so united on foreign
policy in time of peace as it is now.
There is nothing resembling the
great debates which followed World
War /, when Woodrow Wilson made
his dramatic nation wide tour in
favor of American entry into the
League of Nations, and went down
to defeat. The Senate vote on
President Truman's $500, 100000
measure to assist Greece and Tur-
key to resist Communism showed
how the wind blows. II was APP
proved by IS Republicans and 30
democrats. It was opposed by only
is Republicans and z Democrats, 1t
passed by a margin of almost three
to-one. That could not have hap
pened on so important and so con-
trOversial a measure unless we had
had a really strong bipartisan for
eign policy. Senator Vandenberg.
characterized this policy when,
speaking on behalf of the measure,
he said that if Congress failed to
act aggression gets the green light
and the rest of the world, includ-
ing America, gets the red light"
The measure gives the President
very sweeping authority over the
way the money is to be spent Just
before the Senate vote, one Senator
sought to strike out a provision
the President to send
missions to Greece and
Turkey to instruct their armies in
the use of military equipment we
may furnish them. This was
beaten SO to 22-which certainly
indicates that the great majority
Of Senators are convinced that we
must go all the way on. pursuing
our policy.
The deepest significance of the
measure lies in the fact that it has
a new precedent 1t
has been made completely clear I
hat we intend to extend this policy
10 other countries if and when they |
ind themselves in danger of Soviet |
In short, the propon-
snts of the policy believe, to quote
he Portland Oregonian, that the
ime for frank and determined OPP
position to Communist aggression !
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-05-08
Highw0y Accidents
XIII 80 Persons

Montana Highway Patrol Super
visor Chas. L. Sheridan, today war
ned all motorists to exercise eX-
IRENE care in their driving and
walking
$50 far this year, there have been
80 persons killed in traffic accidents.
This is only 2 less than at the same
time last year. Several severe ac-
cidents during the months of March
and April increased the number of
dead for those months by so per-
cent more than the same months
of 1896" Sheridan said zone thing
that every motorist and pedestrian
can do as his share of the load in
reducing this terrible toll is to
keep in mind that accidents are
not things that just happen to other
people, but rather that he might be
the next one killed, Sheridan con-
tinued ..
IF this increase in deaths con-
tinues, there will be we'll over 200
persons killed this year in traffic
accidents" Sheridan concluded.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1947-05-08

Of terror within the borders of the
Reich. Today. the Soviet Union is
pushing out the ruthless tenacles
of Communism-also in the name
of freedom and democracy.
There is one other lesson mod
ern history should have taught us
all, and it is this. There can be
no real freedom in the super-state-
Liberty and all-powerful govern
ment are completely Incompatible
Power, and the ruthlessness which
power breeds, feeds upon them
selves. Well-inentioned men are
cast aside, and dictators take their
places. Every fundamental human
right is brutally abrogated when
it comes in conflict with the am
billions of the leaders.
A nation which weakens its basic
liberties in any way gives a hostage
of fortune. A nation which de-
ponds upon government TO perform
services which are the proper fun
ction of the private individual and
of private enterprise is, unwittingly
preparing the way for regimenta-
ton and ultimate dictatorship. Now
that England is socializing its basic
industries, thoughtful observers see
a weakening of liberties which have
existed there for nearly a thousand
years. There must be no vacilla-
ton on the part of the people of
our own country in opposing Euro
pean philosophers in our domestic
affairs.