davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-05-05
CITY JOB OPEN

Position of Dog Catcher for City of Juneau is open. Apply at City Clerks office This job offers some quick ready cash for the right per- son. --adv. 563t8
Evening star., 1947-07-04

interim government is set up in keeping
with the agreement Whether this will
calm the situation, however, remains
problematical.
AS for the Dutch, they have indicated
they are prepared to resort to force If they
are confronted with Communist wrecking
tactics. And in recent months they have
built up their armed forces and have re-
established their authority over most of the
East Indies outside the Java-Sumatra-
Madura group dominated by the Indo-
nesian regime. The upshot is the immi-
nence of showdown which will determine
whether the Indonesian problem is to be
solved by mutual compromise or by force.
If it is to be the latter, the responsibility Of
the Communists for the breakdown will be
clear.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Dallas, Texas.
Good Words for Hungary

70 the Editor OF The star:
One seldom reads an article so full OF hall
truths and distorted facts as Mr.. Wolesensky's
attacking The Star editorial, THE Plight OF
Hungary" He forgets that the time is over when
il was SO easy for Czechoslovakia to carry on
program of malicious propaganda against
Hungary in this country. 1t must have been
surprise for him that our country at the peace
conference was against the Benes plan to
create a pure race state (the very same idea
Hitler stood for) by throwing back 100000 OF
Magyars to Hungary from their ancestors
land. When this plan was frustrated by this
country the Hungarians were compelled to
make an agreement with them to exchange
their respective nationalities. But the Slovaks
refused to leave Hungary by the desired num-
bsrs and then Czechoslovakia under the
disguise of national rebuilding program-sur-
rounded the Magyar villages and took by force
not only the able-bodied men but children and
old folks equally, in many cases sick persons,
pregnant women and shipped them In box
cars to the Sudeten Land to die out there in
slave labor This was done in the most cruel
manner which Is well known by the civilized
world. Even few good-hearted slovaks were
protesting against it. To deny this, Is futile.
It was only natural that the Hungarian
Evening star., 1947-07-04

ironically controlling approach and land
ing operations. Although sixty eight ap-
proach light installations had been re-
quested, the House appropriated for only
thirty units and the Senate cut this total
down to two. The House reduced the
proposal for twentythree GOA units to
nine and the Senate cut the figure to two.
The House approved only nine out of
twenty-five proposed surveillance radar
installations, and the Senate voted for
only four. And the Ills program was re-
duced by the House from sixty Eight to
thirty units and by the Senate to none.
All of these cuts are subject to revision
in conference.
Since the statistics show that 35 per
cent of all fatal plane accidents last year
occurred during approach or landing
operations, with death toll of eighty five,
the Importance of taking steps TO safe
guard against such accidents is obvious.
Congress will be taking unwarranted risks
in a matter involving human safety If
it ignores the warnings of the Presidents
special board,
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Letters to The Star
Blamed for Delay

CONGRESSMAN Blamed for Delay
To the Editor of The Star:
It would seem, with adjournment not too far
in the offing, that it is time for the Congress OF
the United States to do more work and less
talking on the pending bill for unifcation OF the
armed services.
The majority of citizens seem to feel the uni
f1cation move Is must for two prime reasons
elimination of much duplication in the armed
services with a subsequent reduction In waste
and expenditures and the Strengthening ana
streamlining of our military machine, so that
if ever again we are called on to fight war we
will be better prepared than when we entered
World War II.
The United States, despite Its successes III
World War H. is one OF the few remaining
major powers which has not modernzed lts
military setup through unified command 1t is
reasonable to assume that such streamhnlng,
which includes an autonomous air force, would
mean considerable saving in time money and
lives in the event of another world conflict.
Yet in Congress there is one man who feel
has done more than any single person to block
prompt action on measure approved by all of
our military commands and who I think is
needlessly delaying the achievements that
would be gained under unifcation. That man
Is Clare A, Hoffman, a Republican Representa-
tive from Michigan.
The Senate Committee on Armed Services
already has given the bill favorable report
and Senate leaders already have promised that
the Senate will act on the measure during this
session. But in the House, after long hearings
the bill is not even yet on the calendar 1t was
referred, not to the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices. but to the Committee on Expenditures in
the Executive Departments. And the chair
man of that committee, Representative Hoff-
man, has not been disposed to hurry.
D. HAROLD BYRD.
noIloe Teyac
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Unions and Individual Rights
the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
II coal mine employers organized to raise the
price of coal and force lockout, they would be
prosecuted under the Sherman antitrust law
against monopolies, but national unions ruled
by dictators also are big business monopolies.
Our Constitution and Bill of Rights which
our officials have taken an oath to preserve,
protect and defend" grant equality to ALL spe-
cial privileges to none, and guarantee individ-
ual rights to our citizens.
Monopolstic compulsory union membership,
compulsory payment of union initiation fees
and dues, compulsory collective bargaining,
closed shops strikes and picketing, however,
violate our individual rights.
Lancaster, Ohio. J.KE11AER kItsN, 81.
Evening star., 1947-07-04

government, under such circumstances, sus-
pended the carrying out OF the agreement.
Mr.. Wolesensky states that thousand years
ago the Magyars were barbarous people. What
shall we say about this inhuman behavior OF
the Czechoslovakan government Of today7
He accuses the Magyars of cruelty expressing
their nationalities. That oppression could not
have been very strong, considering that after
1000 years Of oppression they kept their
languages and nationalities. He seems to forget
that Louis Kossuth's plan was to create a
Danubian federation of states in democratic
way and that many Slovaks were fighting
voluntarily under his banner against the Haps-
burg tyranny.
Had he been successful the whole history
of Europe might have been altered and SloVaks
as we'll as Magyars, would be far better OIL
than they are now. Kossuth was too great
man to keep the blessings of democracy to
his own people only. Even in the dual mon
archy Hungary gave equal rights to all OF Its
citizens. AS one who went to school in Hun
gary, I remember well my Slovak and Ro-
msnian schoolmates with whom we were on
very friendly terms and it never occurred. to
us that the Slovaks were not human beings
He denies the fact that Hungary was
dragged into World War II by Axis pressure.
AC the same tlIle It ldlAS W give Va
Czechoslovakias share in the defeat of Hitler
Germany
If Czechoslovakia is a real democratic coun-
try, why doesn't she give back to Hungary the
Magyars living near the Hungarian border
together with their land where their ancestors
were living for many centuries? Would 1t not
be proof of her peaceful intentions and good
neighborliness before the whole world? But
on this subject MIR. Wolesensky is silent in his
articles.
Mr. Wolesensky and all of us would do well
by remembering that every nation has its
faults and virtues and the fact that it is not
half truths, hatred and malicious propaganda
but human understanding, human love and
brotherhood which will help all the nations
of the earth to find peace among themselves
in this troubled era of ours
VALENTINE BOLDOGH.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
The Declaration Today

The great document promulgated oy the
Continental Congress at Philadelphia one
hundred and seventy-on years ago today
was not merely a defiance of the British
crown. It had the soul of people in II
and set forth for all time the aspiration
of their spirit. The philosophy contained
in the Declaration held then and still holdS
now that "all men are created equal Sand
endowed by their Creator with certain
inalienable rights among which are life'
liberty and the pursuit of happiness" and
that cit is to secure these rights that
governments are instituted, and they
derive their just powers from the consent
of the governed"
A natural validity inheres to the doctrine
thus put into language. The leaders OF
the Revolution, including the Adamses,
Franklin, Jefferson, Hancock and, OF
course, Washington were men of character
who gradually had come to realize that
independence was necessary. In that de-
cision they were supported by thousands
of ordinary citizens who had suffered
repeated injuries and usurpations' under
King George III. The experience OF a
nation aborning demanded statement
OF principles and purposes. When 1t was
ready, it was broadcast to the world not
casually, not for any temporary eXpedient
reason, but soemnly and with an eye to
long future.
Mere proclamation of separation from
the mother country, however, meant little
until it had been enforced. A tedious war
remained to be won; and, when victory
finally had been achieved, the framing
of a constitution and the development OF
patterns and methods and instruments
of administration demanded attention.
The United States grew slowly and pain
fully to maturity, and in its progress it
unavoidably discovered the compelling
qualities OF its relation to other organized
societies near and far. Looking back,
modern scholars see that from the very
start the Declaration was challenge re-
curing to be maintained against hostile
conceptions of human management. Espe-
cially within the memory of living genera
tions has it been plain that no single
community can be free in isolation. Man
kind, we all know, Is involved I'M one
inclusive destiny.
This Is not the result of any specific
choice It springs from creation itself
and is implicit in every aspect of life worth
living Perhaps never before has the
impact Of American freedom been more
universally significant than it is at present.
July 4, 1s47, is an occasion for sober re-
reading of the immortal Declaration. If
its contentious are to be valid in the
decades ahead, they must be so because
of the loyalty and the devotion, the courage
and the determination of ourselves and
our children. Like the Founding Fathers
to whom we owe SO much, we will do we'll
under God to mutually pledge our
- sacred honor"
Evening star., 1947-07-04

Washington's weeds are with us again.
It's this time of year that ragWeed blossoms,
later developing the pollen that causes annual
discomfort to hay fever victims.
Now Is the time when a hundred or more
kinds of weeds cover vacant lots with rank
growth that offers an open invitation to dis
pose of trash and refuse where it won't be seen
and creates breeding place for rats, mice and
insects.
Rank growths of weeds have long been recog
nized by District health authorities as public
menace. But the general apathy Of property
owners, the fact more urgent matters claim
the attention Of Washington police and the red
tape that must be cut before the city govern
ment can dispose of the weeds combine to indi-
cate that little improvement in weed control
this year or next will come unless there are
some changes made.
New Spray Helps.
Some Improvement in the control Of weeds
on public property Is expected to be sure. Using
sciences new weed killer, 2-4-D (dichloro-
phenoxyacetic acid, both the District and the
Federal governments are all set to go to work
on the weed situation.
But private property, where the bulk OF the
Objectionable weeds thrive, will be different
story until:
1. Property OWIclS VAlCLlSclVCo dSouAlS ulOlC
responsibility for cutting their weeds
2. Police find the time to initiate enforce
ment of the weed regulations rather than wait
ing for complaint to be made.
3. The weed regulations are streamlined so
the Commissioners can cut weeds on private
property without going through the procedure
of threatened prosecutions and public notices.
Owners Of undeveloped property, who are
holding it for personal profit or to live on 1t
themselves, owe it to their neighbors to keep
down weeds. But, human nature being what it
Is, this neighborly debt in most cases goes
unpaid.
One reason for this is that the District has
cumbersome, hard to enforce weed regulations
that are seldom invoked unless somebody regis
ters an official kick about some one else's weeds
The District weed law was passed by Congress
in 1899 1t requires that all weeds over
inches high be cut. If they aren't, the owner OF
the property involved Is supposed to be given
seven days notice to cut them. If he doesn't
he is supposed to be tried in Police Court and
may be fined $40 daily until they are cut.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Liberty Bell
,erty embodfes all

nn
The hopes and tears that made tree
mans land
Since Pilgrims landed by that great sea
paH ,n".
And pioneered on to another strand.
Its potce records the D!eldtng OF each az
The mile on mile OF pilderness pushed
through -
The turn of aoheels on stluer -rtbboned track
And sturdy hearts that battled For and
Stour. ms
It's. uotce pealed out from IndependenessG
To,p,, 4oE
TO mark our sorrow or for victories von :
No other uoice can ever shout 1t doto7.
1t Is the symbol of our unison.
As long as ne hare men to aoht and ontta q.
Americas great song cannot De ss ssss,eo~o
HELEN VIRDEN.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Gambling With Air Safety

The Presidents Special Board of Inquiry
on Air Safety has put Congress on the spot.
The boards second interim report makes
it plain that it believes Congress must
share responsibility for any increase in
approach and landing accidents during
the ensuing fiscal year. That is, unless
Congress reconsiders its action in dras-
tically reducing appropriations requested
for installation of certain landing aids at
important airports.
Tactfully, the board suggests that the
House and Senate slashed the airport
funds through mistaken idea" that the
civil aviation safety program is in conflict
with air safety measures being planned
or undertaken by the armed services. That
some members of Congress were moved by
this misunderstanding in deciding to cur
tail the program was indicated by state
ments they made in justification of the
cuts But, as the Presidents board points
out, there actually is no conflict between
and those sponsored by the Civil Aero
nautics Board. In fact, the program was
drawn up in pursuance of general recon-
mendations of the Radio Technical Com
mission for Aeronautics, of which repre-
sentatives of the War and Navy Depart
ments are members.
The four-part safety program involves
wider use of such tested and proved ap-
proach and landing aids as high-intenSity
approach lights, GOA ground control
approach) radar for talking down" planes
in fog or at night, surveillance radar for
control tower reconnaissance and lis
instrument landing approach) for elec-
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Trouble in the East Indies

Serious news is coming out Of the Meth
erlaiads East Indies A short time ago rep
resentatives of the Dutch government and
the self-styled Indonesian Republic agreed
In principle on plan which was widely
hailed as a model of sensible compromise.
This plan provided for an interim regime
be Jointly responsible for the maintenance
of order until the projected United States
of Indonesia should be set up on a date
fixed for January l, 1s49.
The Indonesian negotiators represented
for the most part those relatively moderate
elements who realized the Importance OF
economic rehabilitation, especially in Java,
the core of the Indonesian Republic, which
embraces also the neighboring islands OF
Sumatra and Madura Java in particular
has been highly developed by the Dutch,
its specialized agriculture, such as rubber,
sugar and copra plantations, being depend
ent on world markets The Javanese mod
crates realized that Dutch business and
technical ability would be needed If the
damage done during the japanese occupa-
tion and the subsequent revolutionary
movements were to be speedily repaired.
without such speedy rehabilitation, 1t
would be difficult, If not impossible, to re-
store economic prosperity and even to feed
Java's redundant population. In return for
Dutch aid Dutch-vested interests were to
be acknowledged and protected.
This plan, however, was from the first
opposed by the various left-wing revolu-
tionary elements, largely dominated by
Communists. They wanted immediate in
denendence, free from any Dutch partici-
nation. and the appropriation of Dutch
nroperties. Unfortunately, left-wing prop
apanda seems to have had an exciting
effect upon the masses, and pressure exer-
cised upon the Indonesisn Assembly has
caused q political crisis. as result OF
which the Prime Minister, Sutan Sjahrir,
was compelled to resign. He has been
succeeded by former Defense Minister
siahriffoedin, who has formed coalition
"peace" cabinet. Through the State De-
uartment the United States has sought
to throw oil upon the troubled waters in
a special message to the Indonesian regime.
The message supports the moderates in
the regime and holds out the promise Of
American economic aid when and II an
Evening star., 1947-07-04

If the owner or his agent can't be found, the
Commissioners can order the weeds cut by the
city at public expense, adding the cost to the
owners real estate tax. But, this can only be
done after serving public notice twice in a
weeks time in daily Washington newspaper.
Present Law Doesn't Work.
This law just doesn't work. The District
Health Department, which used to be RESPONSE
BILE for enforcing the regulation, never had the
investigators to make real checkup on weeds,
much less find property owners, listen to their
excuses or go through the red tape of serving
notice and asking the city's tree department
to do the job instead.
So year ago 1t turned responsibility for
enforcement over to the police But outside
of the occasional man precinct commander
finds he can spare to canvass alleys let's say, or
vacant lots or cutters, police claim they have
little time to find the weeds themselves and
stalk the property owner, maybe using day
of to appear in court to testify against him.
About all the police accomplish is to investi-
gate complaints filed in fragrant cases involving
only small fraction of the city's total weed
growth.
The situation could be vastly improved, it is
believed by new regulation-and this Is just
WEdC GIl6 OOI1lIllSS1OucIS NO.O1 NOiA.
mittee on Cleanliness and Sanitation, City Ref
use Supervisor william A. Xanten chairman.
is working on now.
A short bill could delegate to the Commits
sioners the authority to revise the present law
in the same way authority has been delegated
to revise other health regulations, like food
inspection.
Under new regulation the city heads could
order weeds cut on private property without
first attempting to prosecute and serve public
notice, adding the cost to the owners tax bill.
Or weed spraying could be done on request by
the tree department for a fee large enough
to cover expenses. With the new spraying tech
niques now in use, the cost would be far less
than old-style moving.
But until some such new method is resorted
to, Washingtonians who have to live with an
other mans weeds next door have right to
expect that greater efforts will be made to en-
force the present rules, cumbersome as they
are, and that their neighbors will assume a
responsibility that is primarily theirs without
waiting to be told.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
A SoIutury Verdict

The jury which convicted former Repre-
sentative May and the Carson brothers
of faithlessness to their country in time OF
great crisis has rendered public service,
the effects of which will be felt long after
details of the case are forgotten. The ver-
dict will be approved by every citizen who
was shocked at the sordid disclosures made
before the Senate War Investigating Com
mittee and during the trial itself Those
who followed the Senate hearings and the
mass of damaging evidence presented in
District Court would have been surprised
at any other verdict.
1t is bad enough when public servant
betrays his Government at any time. It
is especially reprehensible when his venal-
ity occurs in critical hour demanding
the fullest measure of loyalty and sacrifice
on the part Of every citizen. As chairman
of the Military Affairs Committee of the
House, Mr.. May was in position to con-
tribute materially to the winning of the
war Instead, the evidence showed, he
used his high Office to win special favors
for friends and associates in the munitions
business. In return, the Government
charged, he received bribes totaling more
than $4,000.
Mr.. May and his co-conspirators have
indicated they will appeal the jury's de-
cision, as is their right But certainly they
had ample opportunity to give their side Of
the case at the Senate hearings and at
the trial, in accordance with democratic
principles of justice. The truth is that
the defense case was woefully weak and
unconvincing, both at the Senate hearings
and during the trial, while the Govern
ment's evidence was strong and over
whelming. For the jury to have ignored
this imbalance would have been a travesty
on justice and blow to good government.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
By THE HAsKIN SERVICE


@. What was the ofacial figure on the
casualties at Hiroshima and NagasaN after
their destruction by atomic bombs?-S. 8. E. '', 70
A. The report of the official investigation
made public by the War Department on June
30. 1916 stated that Hiroshima suffered $4,000
casualties or more than half OF its population.
Nearly half or 66 ,O00 of the casualties were
deaths. Nagasaki, city OF 100 ooo people sur
fered $4,000 casualties Of which $4,000 were
deaths. 4,
@. When was Siam formally admitted to the
United Nations?-P. L. -
A. Siam, the 55th member nation, was fornf-~
ally admitted at a plenary meeting OF the Gen.
eral Assembly on April %. 1947 ssz
O. What Is the brightest color, excluding X
those which are luninous?-L. F. j.
A. The National Bureau OF Standards says"
that the brightest surface color obtainaole oYn
nonfluorescent materials (paint, plastics, tex
tiles) would necessarily have yellow hue. In
this sense, yellow Is the brightest color. The
prismatic spectrum of sunlight Is brightest In
the yellow portion. Sometimes on this account
yellow has been said to be the brightest color.
The normal spectrum of sunlight, however, IS
brightest in the yelowish- green portion; so 1t
might with better logic be stated that, in this
sense, yelowish green is the hue of the bright
est color.
@. Who invented the helicopter?-E. 7. 4.,
A. This method of fight was one Of the ear =
liest considered. It is mentioned in Leonardo da
Vinci's Treatise on the Flight Of Birds" writ
ten in the 18th century but there were no,
important developments for three centuries.
The Frenchman, Breguet, is often credited with "a
having made the first successful flight In thee
sense that his machine rose vertically into tfts> =
air. Igor Sikorsky began his experiments in
Russia in 1903 and continued his important
YYosk tota Tn n
Achgelis helicopter appeared in Germany and
Hannah Rasch few the first experimental ma
chine from Bremen to Berlin at . speed Of 6S-
miles an hour mi
Evening star., 1947-07-04

Letters for publication must bear
the signature and address OF the
,priter, although 1t is permissible TOR a
writer knoDn to The Star to use a
nom de plume. Please be brief.
Evening star., 1947-07-04
Questions and Answers

A reader can obtain the answer to any question
of fact BY writing The Evening Star Informstion
Please incose three (3) cents for return postags.
Evening star., 1947-07-04

Between train wrecks and plane wrecks
quite few Of us are becoming nervous
wrecks.