davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-04-11
If Fight We Must
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
II fight we must let 1t be now, before
devastated munitions factories In to-
talitarian countries are rebuilt. The
United Nations is not fully organized to
enforce It's mandates. When 1t Is or
ganized for prompt and efficient action.
then and only then may the United
States relinquish its obligation to the
u. N. to take over the duty OF main
tanning the freedom Of small nations
to choose their form of government
without foreign pressure.
1t IS no more possible to prevent war
through appeasement OF Russia over
aid to Greece than it Is to be reelected
to Congress through appeasement Of
voters by reduction Of income tax at
the expense Of national security.
Neither form Of appeasement spells
craftsmanship. leadership or common
ssnse: Just . weak moral backbone.
FRED p. PATTON.
Evening star., 1947-04-11

But this lack has more far-reaching
This personnel Is necessary, Or. BlAin
explained. to keep pace with future re-
quirements. These figures show what
he means:
IN three years, doctors feel they Will
need 2321 psychiatrtsts. Ten years
after that. they place the need at 3.607,
with corresponding increases for the
other specialized workers.
Coupled with the personnel shortages,
doctors see the threat Of widespread
economy moves as principal danger to
their programs.
Veterans Administrator Bradley and
his medical director, DR.. Paul r. Hawley.
used virtually free hand in rejuyenat-
ing the medical service With promises
Of high medical standards and liberal
policies, they were able to attract spe-
cialists of much higher caliber than
the agency ever had seen before
These doctors, officials declare, would
leave their jobs rather than reduce
StandardS-and Gen. Bradley has said
he would do the same. BY the same
token, 1t Is believed new doctors will
join the agency less readily under the
threat Of retrenchment.
Danger Of Penny Wise Policies.
These beliefs already have been borne
out in reactions to Q recent order by
Gen. Bradley that imposed q rigid freeze
on personnel. Typical reactions were
contained in letter Gen. Bradley read
last month to the House Appropriations
Committee. It was from Dr. Karl Men
ninger, who gave up a lucrative private
practice to become manager Of q vet
erans' hospital at Topeka, Kans. Direc-
tor OF the Menninger Foundation School
of Psychiatric Training, DR.. Menninger
wrote:
Il came into this program because I
saw a possibility of developing a great
thing for the veterans but I and
many others like me will drop 1t like
hot cake If penny-wise and pound
foolish policies are forced upon 1t. I
am not willing to be connected with
something shoddy or second-rate, or
something for which must apologize. .
One new program, DR.. Blain said, may
die because OF the restrictions. It would
send mobile thrce-man teams Of psychia-
trists, psychologists and social workers
into rural areas to give care to veterans
who cannot get readily to clinics in the
larger areas.
DR.. Blain said the training program
is in danger unless well-trained doctors
and program directors can regularly
visit hospitals to check up on the train
ing, The freeze order tightly regulated
travel Every dollar spent now to give
veterans early treatment in mental
hygiene clinics will save vast sums, he
said, that would have to be spent later
IN hospital care and construction.
"And by the same token" he warned,
every dollar saved now under the ban
ner OF economy will come back in
several years as required expenditure
OF thousands-and / mean 20 or 80
thousands"
Evening star., 1947-04-11

refusing 70 assume any responsi-
bility or exercise any Of the safety
functions contemplated in tho con-
tract.
On this record, Mr.. Krug Is amply
Justified in asserting that Mr.. Lewis
and his union have refused TO CO.
operate with the Government In
the safety program, and without
their cooperation the program is
certain to suffer.
In time, this will lead to more
mine disasters and more charges Of
murder" from Mr.. Lewis. But in
the light OF the record which has
been established. his denunciations
Of others will hardly serve to OBJ
scure his own culpability.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
Repurotions From Jopun

Although there may be doubts
about the long-term political wis
dom involved, the United States Is
acting fully within its rights in
ordering an immediate start on the
distribution of some of the industrial
reparations to be taken from Japan.
The order-issued In the form Of a
directive to General MacArthur-is
reported to have been opposed by
Russia, France, India and Australia,
countries sharing membership with
us in the l1-nation Far Eastern
Commission. Under the commits
sion's charter, however. as agreed
upon at the Moscow Conference Of
1s45, our. voice is dominant in such
matters.
The directive to General Mac
Arthur instructs him to divide 80
per cent OF the expected japanese
reparations among China (15 per
cent?. the Philippines Is per cent?, /,
the Dutch East Indies Is per cent?.
and British Far Eastern possessions
(5 per cent?. This division was first
proposed in February. but action on
it apparently was blocked by the
opposition of the Soviet and other
members of the commission. Under
the commissions charter, therefore,
the United States has invoked its
right-for the first time-to act on
It's own In what 1t regards as an
urgent matter. This action may
later be reviewed by the full COM
mission, but it cannot be altered or
withdrawn unless we consent. In
other words, by international agree
ment, we can decide as we wish in
this case and veto any future effort
to change our decision.
According to official estimates. a
large number Of japanese plants
steel, shipbuilding, chemical, electric
power, etc.-can be dismantled now
for delivery. These deliveries prob
ably will require considerable time,
but If an immediate start is made
on them, they can offer substantial
relief and promote recovery In the
Evening star., 1947-04-11

Faced with drastic personnel shortages,
the Veterans Administration has taken
matters into its own hands with vast
program TO train psychiatrists for Its
No ! medical problem treating war
veterans with mental and emotional dis
orders.
Tie agency's shortage Of pSychiatrists
exists through no fault Of its own. It
can be traced to general lack OF psy-
chiatry experts throughout the medical
profession. According to DR.. Daniel
Blain, chief of the neuropsychiatric di-
vision, VA could hire all the psychiatrists
IN the country today and still not have
enough.
Medical chiefs Of the agency opened
an all-out campaign to build up their
service soon after the wars end, when
streams OF veterans returned home un-
hurt physically sick mentally The
first step was to recruit the best special
lists that could be found. The second
was to begin the training program.
Young doctors were installed as resi-
dents in the larger veterans hospitals
where they could study mental illness
at first hand Others were sent back
to medical schools by the agency to be-
come pSychiatrists. Officials estimate
the training takes from two to five years,
depending on how much previous study
the doctors have had.
Where the Shortages Occur.
At present, the training program has
500 doctors. This Is twice as many
psychiatrists as the rest Of the Nation
Is producing through normal medical
channels, Dr.. Blain declared. BY the
end Of this year he hopes to have an
other 100 trainees on the rolls.
Nearly as important are shortages Of
other neutrality-suspicious., social
workers, nurses and medical attendants
who work hand-in-hand with the
psychiatrists. For these, too, the agency
has opened its own schools.
It is sending 218 students to az univer-
stiles for degrees In clinical psychology.
1t Is paying for psychiatric nursing
courses IN universities private hospitals
and its own institutions. Recently, 65
social work students were placed In spe-
cial training courses. For many years,
criticism has been leveled at psychiatric
attendants in veterans hospitals,
brought on by tales Of brutality. neglect
and general mistreatment. To remedy
this, the division recently started a 75-
hour training course for attendants.
Doctors feel this will be one of their
chief contributions to hospital psychia-
try in the United States.
These courses, however, are long
range remedies. Right now, hospitals
are understaffed, clinics are closed and
veterans are being denied treatment
The 500 psychiatrists on duty today
fall far short Of the 1875 that DR.. Blain
said are needed for adequate care. The
agency has 155 full-time psychologists
and needs SAG. It has 341 social workers
and needs sos. It has 1900 psychiatric
nurses and needs 1926. It has 5000
trained attendants and needs IL flffl
Evening star., 1947-04-11

war-ravAged countries listed 81 the
directive to General Macarthur. In
q political sense. 1t would be better
II all members OF the Far Eastern
Commission were agreed on our ac-
tion. Yet the action itself since We
have the right to take It, since 1t
can be OF economic help TO the
hardest hit Of Japan's victims and
since 1t is not meant to circumvent
fair final division of the total
reparations to be exacted seems
sound and justified.
Evening star., 1947-04-11

bombs without killing millions of Euro
peans. No, perhaps not. But armies
must be fed and supplied. There is no
food to spare and certainly no supplies
of military consequence to be captured
in Western Europe; the collapse of the
home industrial centers under air at
tack would automatically bring about
the collapse of the distant armies, as the
limbs perish when the body is pierced
to the heart.
Our scattered constabulary units pro-
tect the rest Of Europe better than their
size seems to warrant; for by having
them in Germany, we guarantee the
west against Russian attack-we guar
antee that q Russian drive to the west
can be undertaken only on pain OF war
with the United States. It is the fact
of our presence, and the power which
stands behind that fact, which gives
the answer to the faeile calculations
Of Mr.. Tarle-with nothing more, 1t is
true, than small military and economic
missions, quite powerless to resist even
the armies OF YugoSlayia-but we shall
be there. We give notice by our pres
ence that we will not stand idly by and
see the independence Of those countries
taken away by military force or by inter-
nal inhltration.
But the fact that the Russians could
gain early success in any such effort
is still one which imposes on us con-
siderable strain, and q certain anxiety
lest through rniscalculation or failure
to foresee ultimate consequences, some
day the attempt may be made-regard-
less. We do not, Of course, want to stay
in Europe forever. So part Of our mis-
sion therein Western Europe as well
as in Greece and Turkeys to build up
the strength, the self-reliance and the
spirit Of the people who live there, to
I'LL in the tempting vacuunns, which now
surround the borders OF the Soviet area,
with nations able to take their part in
their own defense-if need be.
The Germans are, Of course, outside
these calculations as far as military
strength is concerned. Germany, in the
American view, should be q demilitarized
buffer state, disarmed area separating
the Russian power from the nations of
the west. All Of which Is just another
way of saying that the old British
principle Of the maintenance OF the
balance Of power in Europe, SO that no
single continental state shall have full
freedom Of action for military adven-
lures, is still sound and still applicable
to the conditions Of the present world.
(Copyright, 1041}
Evening star., 1947-04-11
Power Balance in Europe
By George Fielding Eliot

At public lecture delivered in Mos
COW last Saturday, the distinguished
Soviet historian, Eugene Tarle, took
occasion to inform his audience that
an American war against the Soviet
Union would have no decisive results,
because in reply to the first atomic
bombs the Soviet armies would move
In and occupy all Europe. We would
not want to destroy all Europe with
bombs. he said, and SO we would not
be able to destroy the Soviet Army.
Much the same sort of thing has been
said by various American writer's
Walter Lippmann for one; william L.
Shirer only last Sunday, in the same
edition of the New York Herald Tribune
which carried the Tarle dispatch from
Moscow, wrote: IF the Soviet Union
desired to, 1t could probably occupy
the entire continent within few
weeks"
On this point most American military
people agree. We have In Germany only
scattered constabulary units and few
other tactical ground units, supported
by half dozen fighter bomber groups
OF the air force, The British have four
divisions, none at full strength, and
rather less air than we have. Behind
these there is nothing. Even If the
French wanted to fight they could not
put more than five fully equipped diyi-
sions into the field right now.
It Is doubtful whether the British
could quickly lay their hands on more
than one or two divisions of the
regular army In the United Kingdom,
xN ~ 1rrr,1,1A eo~.,Sro
several months to make even few
divisions ready to take the field. As for
the Royal Air Forces, its most effective
units are scattered over the world: its
strength actually operational In the
United Kingdom is very low indeed. In
Austria our forces and the British are
reduced to mere handfuls; there is one
good American division and q British
division in Italy.
Add it all up and it does not represent
a force which could do more than delay
and harass determined Russian drive
to the westward with the 40 full-strength
divisions which they now have in Ger
many, Austria, Hungary and Poland.
The Russians could probably reach the
shores Of the Atlantic before we could
do anything about reinforcements,
ground or air.
But the answer to all that Is that the
Russians, while able to win q cheap and
easy immediate success, could do 50
only at the price Of full-scale war with
the United States and Great Britain.
They have no navy and very little In the
way Of long-range air power. They
could not occupy the island OF Great
Britain--they would stop at the shore-
line, as Hitler did, as Napoleon did be-
fore him. They could not deprive us OF
airbaSes in Africa. They could not
interrupt our use OF the Mediterranean
Sea--fcr to do that they would have TO
take Spain, and that would take time,
reorganization Of their lines OF supply.
q distant and extended effort with their
whole supply system under 2 rising scale
Of air bpmbardment from Britain.
In the end. they would have exposed
their home centers TO destruction from
the air to no better purpose than .
temporary occupation Of Western Eu-
rope. We could not drive them out with
Evening star., 1947-04-11
he Bube Signs Up

It IS good to know that Babe Ruth
Is back in the game. Not in his
fabulous fence busting role OF a few
years ago, Of course, but playing an
important part, nevertheless, in the
great American sport which he
helped to keep popular during his
long and spectacular career.
This time the Babe has signed to
assist In matchmaking new gen.
Grafton OF players and fans In the
f1ne points and the fine sportsman
ship of baseball. He has been ap-
pointed "consultant" to the Ameri-
can Legion junior baseball program,
a health building antidote for juve-
nile delinquency launched under
joint auspices Of the Legion and the
Ford Motor Company.
This is an opportunity distinctly
to Babe Ruth's liking, just as those
straight fast ones across the center
OF the plate tickled his fancy in the
days when he was setting the all
time home-run record. Babe admits
1t was largely the hero worship OF
his thousands of younger fans that
inspired him to ever greater efforts.
He was determined to live up to
their fondest expectations, and he
did, until aging legs and failing eyes
let him down. Then came his recent
illness, to sap his once-legendary
strength until recovery was in doubt.
But Babe Ruth, used to blasting his
way out OF tight spots, managed to
come through In the pinch once
more.
Now he is all set to repay the
debt he says he owes to q host of
youthful admirers. They inspired
him to near-incredible deeds. He
hopes to inspire them to play the
game as he always played it-ear-
nestly and cleanly. He should de-
rive keen satisfaction from the op-
portunities of his new sideline role
In baseball.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
Food Gifts for Ulster

TO the Editor Of The Star:
I see by an address made by Lord
Inverchapel, British Ambassador, and
reported in The Star, that the Brit
ishers are willing and really anxious
for their American cousins to send them
parcels of food. He stated that ship
ment Of 10000 CARE parcels had been
sent to Liverpool and that a second
shipment will be sent soon to Scotland.
What about loyal Ulster? Ulster has
3 Conservative Unionist government
while England has Labor government,
but while there, may be food available
for shipment from Ulster, the Ulster
people have to restrict themselves to the
rigid English diet. Ulster, therefore,
needs packages Of food and am won
dering how many friends of Ulster In
Washington and nearby Virginia and
Maryland would welcome the chance to
help by sending parcels on an individual
basis. have been sending parcels OF
food and clothing regularly, but one
cannot do much alone.
Should any of your readers wish to
send parcels, list of names and ad-
dresses OF very grateful people could
very easily be assembled.
JAMES E. M. BROWN.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
Blessings Of Late Spring
rom the Denver Pos

EIuIt Gue 0SuFSr EUSt
The six or more weeks Of winter FORE
cast by the grounding are over. And
no matter how much we have been
grouching over snow and cold, we may
be thankful later on that winter fingered
along as it did. This may avert such
damage as resulted last spring when un-
usually late freezes nipped fruit trees
and flowers in mid MAY.
This time, year ago, spring flowers
were blooming In Denver Jonquils and
voilets were In blossom. Trees were bud
ding. Gardens were being planted. Both
people and plants were fooled by uu-
seaSonably warm weather Growing
things got an unseasonably early start.
Then back-lash Of winter In May
nlayed havoc
Evening star., 1947-04-11
PoIish-Germun Border

It Is a grim commentary on the
difficulty and comp1exity. OF the
problems involved IN the re-esfab-
lishment of Germany that the
Council of Foreign ministers, hav-
ing been totally unable to reach an
agreement on the anatter Of Ger
man reparations, has now tackled
an issue with even more enduring
Iy explosive possibilities. This is the
fixing Of Germany's new Eastern
frontier.
The genesis of this truly unhappy
question lies in Moscow's determine
tion to incorporate into the Soviet
Union the eastern half OF prewar
Poland. This area was seized by
Russia under the Ribbentrop- -Molo-
tov agreement which precipitated
World War II, but was temporarily
lost to the Germans when the latter
invaded Russia two years later. In
order to compensate Poland for this
loss Moscow promised an equiva-
lent in German territory -reluc-
tantly assented to in principle by
the western powers, since the whole
arrangement not only violated the
principles of the Atlantic Charter
but was also repugnant to long-es-
tablished international ethics. re-
garding the transfer of territory
without the assent of its inhabitants.
Basically, therefore, it would ap-
pear to be a matter Of attempting
to right one wrong by perpetrating
another.
Leaving aside the ethics Of the
entire business, certain practical
questions are involved. Secretary
Marshall stated them succinctly
when he showed that confirmation
OF the present provisional Oder
Neisse line would deprive Germany
of agricultural lands from which 1t
had derived one-fifth of its normal
food supply. Since prewar Germany
had to import another one-fifth OF
It's food, this cession would either
compel intensive industrialization
or condemn the Reich to Chronic
poverty and malnutrition that
would render it a permanent slum
In the heart Of Europe. Marshall
therefore urged that the border is
sue be considered In the light of
economic realities. as had been en-
visioned at the Potsdam Conference,
when Premier Stain had assented
to final consideration Of the issue
at the ultimate peace settlement.
However, as might have been ex-
pected, Molotov was adamantly OPP
posed. Brushing aside the record,
he demanded that the provisional
occupation linesbe confirmed as the
permanent frontier. Moscow thus
stands intransigeantly against the
arguments Of Marshall, the pro-
tests Of Bevin, and the warnings OF
Bidault as to the consequences to
the future peace snd stability of
Europe. Unfortunately, Russian and
Polish troops stand in full possess
sion of the debated territories; most
OF the original German population
has been forcibly expelled into the
shrunken Reich. and the Moscow
and Warsaw governments appear to
stand squarely upon the old adage
that possession is nine points OF
the law" How, out Of such a tissue
OF inequities and unilateral actions,
a genuinely constructive and endur-
Ing solution can be found Is a prob
lem worthy of modern Solomon.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
SeIf-PoIicing Is Better
From the Detroit News.

from Lue OGtfoit NeWs.
Broadcasters talk Of getting themselves
car, like Hollywood. to keep the radio
industry in line. An advisory council
according to plan proposed, would ad-s
minister improved standards Of program
ing and advertising. The move Is
prompted by rising tide Of criticism
against the singing commercial, the
ugly plug" and bad taste generally. A.
thought Is that sek-regulatton, to de-
serve the name, would begin lower down
In the broadcasting structure. The way
to deal with q singing commercial Is to
throw it out, as WWJ has done. The
way to give public service instead Of an
interminab1e hawking Of wares Is to
give II.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
Republican Tax Cut Criticized

Republican Tax Cut Criticized
To the Editor Of The Star
The Republicans may not realize it,
but they certainly are doing good job
Of blasting their hopes for the 194S
elections. Republican Knutson of the
House Ways and Means Committee with
his 20-30 per cent tax cut is fooling no
one. Any tax cut plan that gives the
greatest tax relief to small number
of people In the high income brackets
is not going to be acceptable to the
American people Republicans, who
backed this unfair and unbalanced tax
cut almost one hundred percent, show
how little regard they have for the
people who elected them-unless the ma
jority of their constituents happen to
have incomes in the $4,000 year class.
Obviously, the American people can
use tax cut. That is one way, at least,
of increasing their purchasing power.
This viii be the only way we can avoid
the coming depression, since business
Is unable or unwilling to reduce Its high
prices to reasonable level. Rather, the
proposed tax relief is designed to give
great reductions to the few people who
already have tremendous purchasing
power. Is this the Republican method
of raising the living standards Of the
American people? And as Joseph T.
Reynolds asks in his letter to the Star,
how do you explain the reluctance of the
press to present the effects of this pro-
posed 1920 cut on the poor hard-pressed
taxpayer trapped between high prices
and high taxes? A TAXPAYER.
Evening star., 1947-04-11
An Increasing Burden
From the New York Sun.

E1om tne NEW X0fK sun.
Against such . background }of SYM
pathy an appeal for help probably would
be granted almost without question but
for its serious political implications.
There are few Americans indeed who do
not wish Greece TO have the food. cloth
ing, fuel and seeds necessary to sustain
life or who would not like to aid in
setting up sound fiscal and economic
programs to enable Greece and the
Greek people to create the means Of self
support In the future" What gives
pause is that response to the Greek ap-
peal would commit the United States In
q quarter Of the world where responsi-
bilittes, once assumed, are more likely
% b extended than 10 ~ dersaSed.