davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-11-04

the first place, I took 4 flying trip
aro,1nd this enormous territory, and
as much as like to be knoWrlt-ali
II Just won't pretend that saw
everything. For me to set mysen
up as a sort of red-headed tourist
bureau after such, a brief excursion
would be as ridiculous as 1t would
be for foreigner to take two or
three month whirl around the
United States and then go home
and pose as an authority on our
life and customs. Russia, OF course,
is an exception. An American can
20 over there and stay a month or
two and come back and hit the lee
ture platforms and the bookstalls.
Likes and Dislikes.
In the second place, people are SO
different when it comes to likes ana
dislikes that even if I had more in
formation then I have, I wouldn't
hand out advice as to where to go,
what to see, and where to settle.
If did, it wouldn't be long before
disgruntled tourists would be look
ing for me and a chance to whack
me over the head with the hanolest
and heaviest article at hand.
I, for example, like Peru better
than Argentina and Lima better
than Buenos Aires, but many people
who's had been to both places told
me that if time were a factor
would be wise to have a good long
stay in B. A., even if I had to skip
Lima altogether. Others swore chat
Rio was the best of all places In
South America, while still others
maintained that Chile made the
other Latin American republics seem
very dismal indeed.
A large percentage of the folks
interested in South America wanted
to know where they could live the
cheapest. When was there, certainly
Peru was the country where the dol
lar lasted the longest. But how
things are today, or how they Will
be tomorrow in the land of the Incas,
I wouldn't know. The guide books
which we boned up on before our
trip said that Ecuador was the coun-
try where things were the cheapest,
but we found Ecuador fairly ex-
pensive.
: All Varieties of Climate.
Climate was another thing that
greatly interested my correspon-
dents. Well, I believe am safe
in saying that the South American
countries provide all varieties OF
climate. A man who likes to wear
red flannels the year round can
easily find a spot that will suit him,
and so can the man who likes to 1un
around in pith helmet and shorts.
There is one piece of advice,
though, that I feel safe in giving.
Before any one makes his first trip
tn South America he should practice
Evening star., 1947-11-04
THE EVENING STAR Washington, D. c. Al
NOVEMBER

shaking hands for two hours a day
for at least a month. This will en-
able him to meet his South Ameri-
can acquaintances without undue
suffering. Nowhere in the world
do people shake hands so often and
so long. The average South Amer
lean shakes hands as much in one
day as the President of the United
States does at a state function at
the White House. And practice
long, drawn-out good-bys. If d
South American is to leave you at
4 in the afternoon, he starts say
ing good-by shortly after 2-and
that barely gives him time to make
what he considers proper adieu.
nist rihuted hv McNauaht Svrdicata Inc \
Evening star., 1947-11-04

question.
OF course, an effort doubtless will
be made to persuade the courts that
the witnesses did not refuse, that
they merely insisted on 8 right to
answer the question 'in their own
way" Just exactly what their own
way" would have been never became
clear, since each was ordered from
the stand and charged with con-
tempt Of Congress after he had
demonstrated that he was not going
to answer with "yes" or mo" To
any layman listening to the pro-
ceedings 1t seemed obvious that the
witnesses were refusing to answer
the question and that their asser-
tions to the contrary rested on a
pretty thin technicality. Maybe the
courts will think differently. This,
however, is only the 81 or So ques-
ton.
The S64 Question.
Waving aside the technical de-
fense, what will the courts rule if
they agree with you and me that
the witnesses actually did refuse to
answer question propounded by
a Congressional committee. There's
the $64 question.
The defense Of the witnesses is
that forcing them to reveal their
political beliefs would be an invasion
of their constitutionally protected
civil liberties. Their right to privacy
in this respect, they argue, cannot be
denied; 1t is the basis Of the secret
ballot. A mans political beliefs,
they say, are as sacred as his re-
ligion and may not be pried into by
his government. As for the Com
munist Party, there is no law against
belonging to it. And so on.
Consistently Of late the courts
Evening star., 1947-11-04
Dinner Napkin Talks .
Truman and Congress Leaders Expected
To Confer on European Recovery Plan

Of it occasionally; the State De-
partment could, If it would, do what
ex-Secretary of State Hughes did
in former times Of tension, report to
a press conference daily on the
situation.
But for manysweeks Mr.. Marshall
stayed at the U. N. sessions at Lake
Success, where he made himself
virtually inaccessible to the press.
Back here, he still is silent.
He is not convinced, associates re-
port, that it is wise or necessary to
talk about what you are doing until
you are ready. They have vainly
tried to explain that the current
project depends on public opinion
and so differs from the great mill
tary operations which apparently
still condition his thought. Like the
Russians, he says no.
Evening star., 1947-11-04

SudSlOn regard
ing what is to be
known in defer
ence to biparti-
sanship as the
European Re-
covery (eX-Mar-
shall) Plan.
Capitol Hill
re ports that
President Tru-
man is intending
I o lnV1Ce I n e
leaders in small
groups for an
e xc h a n G e of
views about the
Evening star., 1947-11-04


advanced by Secretary Marshall and
now about to merit the title OF a
plan. So far even his own leaders
are on a par with newspaper read
ers in their knowledge of what
Congress will be expected to approve
as aid to Europe.
It is a matter 'of some delicacy for
the Democratic President to attempt
to lead the Republican Congress in
an election year on any issue. His
inclusion of prices is further COM
Iplication as most Republicans insist
prices are politics.
Effsrt for Agreement.
Mr.. Truman's hope of doing so Is
already evidenced by the efforts of
Secretary Hartman, principal au-
thor of ERP, to come to an ad-
vance agreement with Representa-
tive Christian Herter on whom the
Republicans expect to lean. The
two have been in intensive confer
ence on all the most knotty aspects.
Considerable scepticism is eX-
pressed about what progress the
President can make with any but
his own party. However, any presi-
Dental efforts to close the gap be-
tween the two ends of Pennsylvania
avenue on the crucial issues of for
eign policy will be rated an improve
ment over last session. 1t has been G
major complaint of Senator Van
denberg that he has been presented
with accomplished facts and ex-
pected to do or die in the name of
bipartisanship.
The Democrats were seldom par
ticularly discontented with the Pres
ident's objectives; they did feel that
If their former colleague gave them
more advance notice and occasion
ally did little skull practice with
them, many errors of omission and
strategy could be avoided. Mr..
Truman's impulsiveness has been
especially hard on Senator Barkley.
a superb congressional quarterback
who unfortunately lacks strong
backheld.
Returning members welcome the
new word of White House co-opera-
ton; they would be even happier if
the Administration would launch an
effective drive to acquaint the
American people with the reasons
VII" ERP is not charity but self
walton.
Echo Press Reports.
These members echo press reports
that many people are olsen
chanted" with the prospect Of max
ing more sacrifices for Europe. Rep
resentatives especially, all Of whom
come up for reelection next fall,
say this puts them on the spot when
it comes to voting for vast new ap-
propriations for foreign aid.
The poor showing the Administra-
ton has made in selling" European
aid is blamed here on Secretary
Marshall. The President can talk
Evening star., 1947-11-04

WOCO WdS, mic
you or have you
ever been a
Communist"
The $64 ques-
ton likely soon
to confront the
courts and even-
t u a l l y the
United States
Supreme Court
Is whether the
witnesses were
within their
constituti o n a l
rights in refus-
ing to answer
the committees
Evening star., 1947-11-04

ldAC q P1CdoaAS -
trip to South
America or are
interested in set
Ting in t h a t
part of the world
for good.
These fol ks
want to know
everything un-
er the un
about all of the
South American
countries, and I
am just not in
any position to
provide this in
formation In
Evening star., 1947-11-04

The re nc h
started the ball
rolling with a big
victory in last
months munich
pal elections for
Gen. Charles de
Gaulle, W hos e
principal politi-
cal appeal was
anti-Communist.
Shortly a + t e r.
wards a similar
reaction against
c o m m u n / S m
manifested it
self in Norway,
Evening star., 1947-11-04
By Constantine Br01cn

DV z UUSIUWIIWP DTUIUW
Washington Is studying carefully
the consequences of repeated over
whelming defeats of the Communists
at the polls in Western Europe.
Evening star., 1947-11-04
Rv L0wel[ Melleff

What came to be called the $64
question during the recent hearings
Of the House committee purporting
to investigate communism in Holly
Evening star., 1947-11-04
By Doris FIeeson

Influential members of Congress
will begin to trickle through the
back door of the White House next
week for some dinner napkin per-
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
PLEAS FOR FLOOD FUNDS

Senator Hugh Butler, (R. -Neb.),
made IN urgent plea this week to
the House Appropriations Com
mittee to provide additional funds
for construction of flood control
dams by the Bureau of Reclama-
ton to prevent recurrence Of the
flood disasters of recent weeks in
Nebraska and other states.
Twelve years ago, a flash flood
swept down the Republican River
and one hundred twelve lives were
lost on that occasion" Senator
Butler declared surely that
should have been enough of q
lesson to us all. For twelve years
every member of the Nebraska
delegation in Washington has
been trying to get assistance for
the people Of the Republican Val
ley in meeting this danger.
Yet in that twelve year period
almost nothing has been done. A
start vas made last year with the
appropriation of funds for Enders
Dam, but it was only a start"
Nov this year, Cambridge and
many other towns have been
flooded, and again many lives
have lost Senator Butler con-
tinued. THE people Of Nebraska
are depending on this Congress
and its new majority to prevent
a third disaster. We do not know
when another flood will strike.
If delay and inaction premit
another great catastrophe, it will
be impossible to excuse it or ex-
plain it away
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
Public Conduct and Citizenship

Our worth as citizens is largely by our public conduct. Our
public conduct is a relative display Of oa intelligence or ignorance
So long as this display is calm. courteous and respectful we are
classed : decent. lawabiding citizens. When it becomes loud
boistero1s and vulgar we are insists in 2 decent society and present
ourselves as being in the class of criminals.
You are none less than a character assassin, when your public
conduct is displeasing, in the least, to others. YOU not only Fe1iec'
youru own ignornce and disregard for law and order, but you lay
others of your group Liable to he same sizeup, the same criticism
Themerits of good citizenship were the detectives OF a South
wide observance Of Good Public Conduct View, May 4th through
Nav 18th. 1t was planned that every person come to realize how un-
American it is to be disturbing in any degree to your fellowman.
While the gesture became a reality it did not penetrate deep
enough into the minds Of all persons to be as effective as we had
hoped; it did bring wildly to the surface our responsibility as chf-
zens of various communities; that we are our brothers keeper and
can contribute either to his wellbeing or his discomfort.
Some Of IS are ignorant enough to feel that promiscuous pro-
family and loudness are smart acts. A person that uses profanity
in any respect is as low as the worst OF criminals. His or her base
ness compares with the lowest Of human beings and is a byrule for
classification IS ignorant and practically unfit for association with
decent people.
First Of all. our worth as citizens of a community is the most
important goal in our civilization The great honor and advantage
Of being an American citizen carries with it an obligation just as
great,and that obligation is to preserve inviolate the rights and pri-
vileges which our forefathers won for US in blood and toll. that we
may inspire and hand this precious heritage Of freedom and dign-
iy down to our children. undiminished and IMPAIRED
We can only do this BY being upright citizens endowed with
an ambition to contribute to the welfare Of our communities and ma
ton.
Through our public conduct is enc way we can demonstrate how
American W ae o. want 10 be If we incte friction or class dis
unity in any degree we are contributing to a violation of the prn-
ciples Of our national heritage.
This is bad conduct and intimately undesirable citizenship.
Reprinted from July, l9f7, Negro South Magazne)
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
LOOKING BACK A CENTURY

Not every day does something
succeed in catching the imaginat-
ion and interest of our people.
However, the recent trek Of the
Mormoms did just that as evil
denced by the thousands of Curl
Gus folk who turned out.
re-enacting as closely as modern
living permits the westward jour
ney Of their ancestors 100 years
ago, the present day disciples Of
Brigham Young traversed the
very same route from Nauvoo, Ill.
(where Joseph Smith, the prohet
founder, as killed. to a goal we
all recognize, Salt Lake City, Utah
In every possible detail these
present day caravaners battered
their journey after the earlier one
which now makes up one of the
captivating chapters of our his
tory.
The most notable difference.
probably, in the two trips was
the time element: instead of three
long months, his n took only 8
days. Indeed, a younger member
Of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter Day Saints, a lieutenant in
the Air Corps, using a P-8O, or
jet propelled plane needed only
about 2 hours!
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
MURDER OF CHAIN GANG
PRISONERS AvOIDABLE

NEW YORK - Austin II. Mac
Cormick executive director Of the
Osborne Association expressed
the view that the fatal shooting OF
eight Georgia chais gang prison
ers July IL a the Anguila state
highway work camp was avoid
able.
Writing ALBION Man, secretary
Of the Workers Defense Leagues
prisoners aid bureau, Mccormick
said; Il read everything + could
find on the affair ~ thee Asguila.
Gang and was mucn disturbed by
it. while I try not to form con-
clusioDs on the oasis Of newspaper
accounts aIose, tie shooting
sounded to me avoicable, to saw
the least"
Warden II. c. Worthy whom.
prisoners charged was drunk when
ne ORDERED trc Angui.4 shootings.
and the five guards who fired the
shots were acquitted by a super
ior conrt grand jury in Brunswick.
An Investigation ~ he National
Association for Amusement Of
CoIoreI People .aveaied that the.
strike which led o Ire shooting
was caused by nc refusal Of prison
authorities 70 supply prisoners
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
Liberia Celebrate
Tooth Year Of
Its independence

On July 26, 1S47, a small group
of IL men flung to an apathetic
world their DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE. Thus was an
independent, sovereign state.
Today now, one-hundred years
later, the Republic of Liberia, a
respected member Of the family
Of nations celebrates it's centen-
NAL anniversary.
For the historian, sociologist,
and lawyer, few stories in mod
ern times rival, in dramatic in
terest, that of the founding and
turbulent history of Liberia.
1t was the son of a Negro slave
and an Indian mother who first
carried out. alone and unaidcd, a
plan to cYionize Free Negroes in
habitating ~.'Mlerica, and &c carry
them at his own expense to the
West Coast of Africa. This person
was Paul Cuffe.
His efforts failed, but the seed
took root and the American Col51.-
ization Society triumphed where
Cuffe did not.
The STORY of how a stable and
enlightened republic grew of
early struggles with adverse
natural and physical conditions
how internal strife, external ag-
gressions, personal ambitions and
the inevitable internal politics Of
any nascent politically organized
society were overcome and a
feeble colony with only a volun-
tary organization behind it, and Of
doubtful legal status, became an
independent modern state is
told in THE POLITICAL AND
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF
LIBERIA by the late DR.. Charles
H. Huberich.
Dean Roscoe Pound Of Harvard
in his FOREWORD goes on to
public law and of international
law are raised-and have received
full and competent treatment
DR.. Huberich's painstaking and
learned investigation and discuss
ion of these questions will be of
interest to jurist, publicist, and
historian.
Of particular interest is the
APPENDIX OF LAWS, conIpris-
ing the major portion of Volume
IL, wherein are reprinted the
LAWS OF THE COLONY AND
COMMONWEALTH from 1920 20
1847. The originals of these i'm
portant documents are so rare
that most are know only in single
copies. There appearance in this
set has been sanctioned and cert
flied by the Secretary of State
Of Liberia.
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
URBAN LEAGUE REPORTS
NEW JOB

Placement of Negroes in new
employment fields highlighted
industrial relations activities of
the past months, it was reported
today by Julius A. Thomas, In
dustrial Relations Director of the
National Urban League.
! TaAicaD drivers for the Yellow
Cab Company in Milwaukee ard
the Led Cab Company in Toledo;
skilled and unskilled worg,rs on
construction projects in Guam
and other Pacific Array bases. and
machine shop workers in two
large establishments were among
the openings resulting from the
work of National snd local Leaue
offices.
The first Negro taxicab drivers to
be employed BY The Yellow Cab
Company IN Milwaukee were
placed the Milwaukee Crtan
League after extensive negotia-
tons with the management. In
Toledo similar placements were
made vim the Red CAP Company
through the Industrial Relations
Department Of Frederick Douglas
CommL1 ty Center.
Veterans, Hampton Students
Employed
Acceptance of Negro applicants,
principally veterans, for employ
ment on military construction pro-
jects in the Pacific Islands follow
ed the Leagues investigation and
disclosure Of discriminatory hir-
ing policies practiced by firms
holding contracts for this work.
In New York, Chicago, and San
Frascisco. qualified Negroes have
been Employed AMI others are
applying for jobs as carpenters.
bricklayers, electricians, steel
workers cement finishers, and
and mechanics on Pacific Army
installations, the National Urban
League Industrial Relations Dir
actor poip+od oI1f
In cooperation with the Balti-
more and Newark, New Jersey
Urbas Leagues and the Trades
and Industry Departments of
Hampton Institute placement Of
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02

students from machine shop, DIESEL
engineering and metal work de-
partments u the Institute were
made in Baltimore and Newark
industries. The Maryland, Dry
Dock Company in Baltimore.
Maryland, and American Type
Foundries in Elizabeth, New Jer-
sey, are providing work expert
ence for twenty-five students dur
ing the summer months.
Mr.. Thomas said these current
job ope5ings promise to be among
the mos slsnifIcan- developments
in the Leagues efforts t. secure
employment fur hunlrcis Of vet
Grams asd trainees specializing in
the mechan:cof trades. Other firms
have already expressed an interest
~ er1pioying trainees who will
eventually become highly skilled
workers, the Urban League offici-
al added.
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02

TINE WAS when it was fashion,
able for everyone to talk about
big business and count over the
gross and net sins of corpora
tions. Of course, there were
mighty good stories even then
about our steadily rising stand
ards of living. But the busy
bodies didn't bother with. those
success stories, big or little. |
have said that America is now
beginning to assume her task IN
public relations, that of selling
her ways and her freedoms and
her institutions to people every
where.
I should like to say that some
of our groups and institutions
have special responsibilities in
this job. I think that labor does,
as we'll as business. The. task y
important to agriculture, to
tradesmen, to education, to the
professions, and to civic minded
folks in every walk. Certainly
labor and industry are each SO i'm
portant in our economic system,
that they must be interested in
reawakening the people to an ap-
probation Of America.
A Report WOULD LIKE to
To Workers tell you about a
company that is do
ing its part, thereby shouldering
its responsibility for this kind Of
public re-education. Somebody
sent me a copy Of a report this
company makes to its employees.
The report answers questions en-
ployees want to know. The an
swers are frank, fair, and simply.
stated. There is no doubt the re-
port has made its readers better
informed Americans. It did 50
to me.
It takes s7,507 worth Of capital
70 give a person a job in this
company. Naturally, there would
be no jobs for their 1851 people
IL It were not for this $29,660,-
626. Shareholders who put up
this money out Of what they earn
The Omaha guide., 1947-08-02
Business Tells Story
Ty,
By GEORGE S.BENsoN
President Of Harding College
Seorcy. Arkansas

- III
and save, hope to get "a fair
rental" for their money. These
folks, the report tells US, are
capitalists 49, land SO are you'll"
Because we own our possessions,
we are Capitalists" and this IS
a Capitalist" country. ai.
Why Make 1--WE HAVE ascapi-
A Profit? talist' industry in
/. the United States
because millions ... use part Of
their Capitalize own and operate
the most productive farms, stores.
mines, and factories on this earth.
And that is the reason why We,
as a people, have the highest
standard living Of any nation IN
the world. No other system in
any. country. at any time, BY. any,
other nleansehas ever produced sos
mach for so many at. such little
cost as our capitalist business
does in America"
The company says frankly that
it made money in 1916 - about
seven and one-half cents on every
dollars worth Of products sold.
While this record is termed a mar
row margin that calls for
omy all along the line, the report
makes it plain that the company
expects to keep on making
money. All this, midst healthy
competitors that cause them to
keep putting out better products
for less money. Tribute is paid
to the keen competition they meet
as an effective price regulator.
IA company that can't make
money is like ship that can't
float. Neither is safe for you and
your family. A company may lose.
money for a short time, just as
a ship may spring a leak and
take in water for a short time,
but If the losses and the leak
can't be stopped soon, the ship
sinks and the company goes out
Of business. Passengers on the ship
that sinks and employees Of the
company that fails are victims Of
3!sds1e1s xOs-~---- :