davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Nv tho Assoeioted .nrsss

1t. Gen. John r. Hodge said
today that there appears to be
something to- reports that the
Russians are organizing and
training Korean troops.
The commander of American Oc-
cupation Forces in Southern Korea
made this statement to reporters, in
response to questions, after White
House conference with President
Truman.
He also said that efforts to lift the
Russian iron curtain" in Korea had
been unsuccessful.
The general vas accompanied to
the White House by Secretary of
War Robert P. Patterson.
He said he gave President Truman
an overall report" on the situation
in Korea.
Asked by reporters how the Rus
slams we're cooperating with the
Americans, he replied:
There's no change in the be-
havior." He said the situation was
mo more favorable" today than 1t
has been right along.
Then the iron curtain still ex-
ists?" reporter asked. The General
replied in the Affirmative.
Gen. Hodge has just returned
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Cuba Announces Plan
To Deport Luciano
BY the Assoeioisd Press

HAVANA, Cuba, Feb. 24.-Interior
Minister Alfredo Pequeno said today
Charles Lucky" Luciano, detained
at the Tiscornia immigration sta
ton since his arrest Saturday, would
be sent back to Italy.
Luciano, former New York vice
overload, Is held incommunicado at
the Tiscornia station, Cubas Ellis
Island, across Havana Bay from
Havana.
Mr., Pequeno told a reporter of the
decision to deportA Lucino to Italy.
when he came to this country last
October.
"It can be announced that depor-
tation papers are being prepared"
the minister said
1t was learned that Luciano indi-
Gated to Benito Herrera, chief OF the
secret police, that he was willing to
return voluntarily to Italy, but Mr..
Pequeno said Luciano has not
made any formal requ9t."
Evening star., 1947-02-24
German Court Gives Von Popen
Ejoht Years at Hard Labor
Called Major Offender
Who Stayed With Nozi
Reqime to Its End
BY the Assoeioted Press

NUREMBERG, Feb. 24.-Franz
Won Papen, ace of Adolf Hitler's
diplomatic corps, was sentenced
by a German denazification
court today to serve eight years
at hard labor.
Sentence was imposed by the
seven-man court after it had found
the former. Reichschancellor and
ambassador guilty as a major Of
fender" who helped Adolf Hitler to
power and stayed with the Nazi
regime to the end.
The court also ordered Won Pa
pens personal fortune conf1scated.
The court was advised that the
Austrian government wants to place
Won Papen on trial for his activities
as Hitler's Ambassador to Vienna.
Prosecutor Werner Fiebig said DR..
Josef Geroe. minister of justice in
Vienna, had written him of inten-
tions to try Won Papen in connec-
ton with Germany's absorption OF
Austria in 1888.
Won Papen was acquitted OF war
crimes charges only last October by
the international military tribunal
which sentenced Herman Goerlng
Evening star., 1947-02-24
C.&0. Forms Nucleus
0fRivaI 10 Association
0fAmerican Railroads
Young Declares Industry
Needs Rehabilitation; .
Denies NYC Control
By Robert X. Walsh

Robert r. Young, chairman
of the Chesapeake & Ohio Lines
today announced detailed plans
for formation of a new organi-
zation to rival the Association of
American Railroads. 1t will be
known as the Federation for
Railway Progress and will in
clude representatives of railroad
management, stockholders, rail-
road labor and the general
public.
An advisory committee headed by
former Secretary of State Edward
R. Stettinius, jr., will include Ad-
miral William F.. Halsey, retired
former Representative Claire Booth
Luce of Connecticut; former Gov
Charles Edison of New Jersey
former Gov Philip LaFollette OF
Wisconsin, Albert S. Goss, master OF
the National Grange. and M. Lin
coin Schuster, New York book pub
Usher.
Mr.. Young often reported enlarg-
ing his already big railroad domain
denied recent reports that he con-
trolls the New York Central Rail
road.
Quoted as Claiming Control.
He was quoted in dispatches jan
uary 80 as having told a Time
Magazine correspondent that Il
(See RAILROADS, Page A-3D
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Gen. Hodge Thinks Russians
May Be Organizing Koreans
Sees Something to- Reports; Efforts to Lift
Iron Curtain Unsuccessful, He Says

from Korea for consultations with
the War and State Departments.
It was his first trip home in five
years.
Russia, still unconvinced that the
"Acheson incident" was not a hostile
gesture, appeared likely today to
have to await Secretary of State
Marshall's arrival in Moscow for any
further explanation.
Gen. Marshall is due in the Soviet
capital Just two weeks hence for the
Big Four Foreign Ministers Con-
ference on Austrian and German
peace treaties.
That occasion will give the cabinet
officer an opportunity to tell Soviet
Foreign Minister Molotov face to
face that Undersecretary of State
Dean Acheson intended no "slan-
der" when he characterized Russia's S
foreign policy as aggressive and ex-
panding."
Gen., Marshall already has so in
formed Mr.. Molotov in note, but
the Moscow radio announced over
the week end that. his explanation
was mot convincing and that the
Soviet government remained of the
same opinion as before"
Nevertheless, State Department
officials left little doubt that this
(See RUSSIAN, Page A-6.J
Evening star., 1947-02-24
!, 2,5OOBuffaIo Teachers
Walk Out in Largest
u. 5. School Strike
About 81, 900 Pupils Left
Without Glasses as Only
le Buildings Stoy Open
picture on Page A-3.J
BY The Assoeiosed Press

BUFFALO, N. Y, Feb. "a
About $500 of Buffalo's 1880
public school teachers struck to-
day in the largest teachers
walkout in United States history
after receiving an admonition
from their leader to carry on
with the dignity that has always
been associated with our pro-
fession."
School officials ordered all but 10
of the city's SO schools closed, leav-
ing about $4,000 of Buffalo's 1000
pupils without classes.
An attempt was made to open the
Lafayette High School, but after a
stormy assembly the pupils were
sent home. 1t appeared the 10
schools operated by nonstrikers
might also be forced to close.
The largest previous teacher
strike was that of 1,160 in st. Paul,
Mimi, last fall, closing II schools
and affecting 10000 pupils.
The strikers are members OF the
Buffalo Teachers Federation dn-
dependent), which seeks minimum
annual pay ranging from $2,400 to
$4,000, and immediate $1,025 annual
raises.
Current Buffalo scales provide a
$1875-$2,575 range for elementary
teachers and $2,175-$2,s75 for Sec
ondary teachers, plus $500 tenn
porary raise voted by the State Leg
islature.
The teachers had received no word
from Gov. Thomas E. Dewey's
special committee on education
which is expected to recommend a
plan for permanent pay increases
to the Legislature Wednesday.
Republican legislative leaders in
Albany indicated, however, that a
bill to deny pay increases for three
years to any striking public employe
and return him to the lowest salary
for his position would be reported
out by the Senate Labor Committee
tonight for probable Senate passage
Wednesday.
Raymond J. Asst, Buffalo fedora
ton president, told teachers who
are scheduled to be on observation
duty at the 20 open schools:
II know you will insist upon good
order and discipline and that you
will do your best to carry on with
the dignity that has always been
associated with our profession"
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Truman Urges Speed
In Bringing u. 5. Into
World Refugee Group.
Message to Congress
Warns Of Consequences
In Delay Beyond July I

President Truman today asked
Congress for prompt action to
make the United States a men,
Der of the international Refugee
Organization, designed to take
over care of more than 100000
displaced persons in Germany,
Austria and Italy.
In a message to the Senate and
House, Mr.. Truman said he believed
it is "of the utmost Importance"
that the IRO begin functioning as
soon as possible He said it would
be serious" if the organization is
not set up by July l.
Plans for the IRO we're adopted
at the United Nations General AS
sembly sessions in New York last
fall The IRO constitution was
signed then by Warren Austin,
American representative to the
United Nations, subject to congress
sional approval.
Text of Truman Message.
The text of the Presidents mes
sage today follows:
Il recommend that the Congress
authorize the United States to par
ticipate as member of the Inter-
national Refugee Organization.
"As an aftermath of the war,
there are more than 100000 dis
placed persons remaining in Ger
many, Austria and Italy. Almost
tWo-thirds of these are under United
States care and control. The Allied
military victory over the Axis pow
ers brought with it practical and
moral responsibility with reference
to these victims of the Axis.
Considered Problem At Length.
'The General Assembly of the
United Nations has considered the
problem of these displaced persons
carefully and at great length. At
the first session in London, certain
basic principles were established. 1t
was agreed that this problem is in
ternational in scope and nature:
that every effort should be made to
facilitate the repatriation of dis
placed persons who desire to return
to their homelands; that displaced
persons who have valid objections to
return should not be forced to do so,
but should be cared for by an inter-
national agency until new homes
can be found for them elsewhere.
Between the January and Oc-
toher sessions of the General AS
sembly. the Economic and Social
Council made a detailed study of the
entire problem and recommended
the establishment of an Interna-
tional Refugee Organization which
would provide an integrated and
effective solution.
"At the meeting of the General
Assembly in New York which ended
in December, the draft constitution
recommended by the Economic and
Social Council was adopted. The
United States representative to the
United Nations, Senator Warren
Austin, signed the constitution of
the International Refugee Organiza-
ton aabject to subsequent approval
by the Congress.
Earnest Effort at Solution.
This constitution represents an
earnest effort by the United Nations
1see REFUGEES, q ge A-6)
Evening star., 1947-02-24
15-Degree Cold Here
Delays Thaw as Gas
Service Is Restored
More Frigid Weather
Forecast for District
Today and Tomorrow
GAS LINE break might leave city
without gas after natural gas
conversion-Page B-1.

The worst apparently was over
today as the District continued
the return toward normal from
the most severe weather of the
winter.
However, the coldest February "a
in 13 years, with the forecast of
continued cold tonight and tonor-
row delayed the thaw of the 3d.
inch snowfall of last Thursday and
Friday. The 15-degree temperature
at 7 am. today was the lowest for
this date since the IA degrees re-
corded in 1884.
The temperature rose to 28 de-
grees at l pm. and was expected to
reach the low sos this afternoon,
then dip to about "a tonight.
Meanwhile, gas service disrupted
by two pipeline breaks in the West
Virginia mountains Saturday was
nearly back to normal, according to
officials of Washington Gas Light
CO. Repairs were completed early
Sunday morning, but emergency
crews still were patrolling the lines,
the officials said.
Schools Open Again.
Schools resumed classwork this
morning in the District and in most
nearby areas, including Alexandria
and Arlington, Va, and Montgomery
and Prince Georges Counties in
Maryland. However, bus service
was slow. Schools still were closed
in Fairfax County, Va, because OF
icy roads.
Snow removal continued in the
city, with the job reported 80 per
cent complete in the downtown area
All main highways and most sec
ondary roads approaching Wash
ington we're open, but driving con-
ditions still were hazardous.
Train, bus and airline services
into the city were reported operat-
ing normally. Traffic at National
Airport resumed operations on usual
schedules yesterday.
Transit Services Normal.
Streetcars and buses within the
city were reported by Capital Tran
sit Co. to be maintaining normal
service.
Auto traffic likewise showed a
marked increase this morning, but
many motorists continued to heed
warnings to keep their cars in ga
RACES until hazards resulting from
the thaw are over.
While minor weather accidents
and injuries have been numerous,
none of a really serious nature has
Police reported they had investi-
gated % accidents involving in
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Voice of America Is 100 Faint
And Too Dull Russians Say
By Eddy Gilmore
Assoeioted Press Saaff Writer

entity the progam is not beamed well
because the American station at
Frankfurt. Germany, is heard much
better in Moscow.
Aside from the mechanical faults
it appears that not many Russians
would continue listening to the pro-
gram unless its contents were i'm
proved.
This correspondent has found
about Is Russians who have heard
the program. All said the broad
casts were not of general interest
to the Russian public.
All but two who have heard the
American programs said the British
Broadcasting Corps Russian-lan-
guage broadcasts were better. The
two dissenters said both were bad
and there was no difference.
Several commented that the
American programs apparently
were intended to give the Russians
something that Americans want
(see GILMORE, Page A-&
Evening star., 1947-02-24
81 Pct. of D. &. Jail Sentences
For Intoxicotion, Hearing Told
One Man Held 1877 Times Since 1914,
CIemmer Says at Hebert Bill Session
By GEORGE Kennedy

Sixty-one per cent of all jail
sentences in the District during
the last IL years were for in
toxication, Donald Clemmer, di-
rector of the Department of
Corrections, told a House sub
committee today. .
Washington's ''prize case" Mr.
Clemmer said, is that of man who
has been committed to Jail 1877 times
since 1914. Each days incarceration
cost the District 50 a day, it was
estimated.
Testifying at a hearing OF a sub
committee of the House District
Committee on bill by Representa-
tive Hebert, Democrat, of Louisiana
which would declare chronic alco'
holics to be sick men and tax the
liquor industry for their rehabilita'
ton, Mr.. Clemtner pointed out thai
Evening star., 1947-02-24

the national average OF Imprison-
ments for drunkenness is 81 per
cent. He could not say why the
proportion of Jail sentences for in
toxication is so much higher here
than elsewhere in the Nation.
The corrections director told the
subcommittee, headed by Repre-
sentative Miller, Republican, of Ne
braska, that 1S7,073 Jail sentences
have been meted out here for intoxi-
cation in the last IL years. Calling
it an astounding" figure, Mr.. Clem-
mer pointed out that it includes q
high number of repeated offenses by
the same persons.
Among the other witnesses at the
initial hearing on the bill was Pvt
H. w. Estes, of the First Precinct
who was called to the stand as the
policeman who probably had ar
(See ALCOHOL, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Live Hog Prices Leop
To New Record Hiqh
By the Assoeiaied Press

CHICAGO, Feb. 24.-Live hogs
moved to new record high price
today at $29, up s1.50 a hundred
pounds from the previous high set
October Is.
Scarce supplies accounted for the
increase in relation to an intense
demand for pork. Cattle and sheep
also were higher, in the expectation
that consumers who could not sat-
isfy their needs with pork would
turn to the other classes.
Evening star., 1947-02-24
BY the Assoeicted Press

LADD FIELD, Fairbanks, Alas
ka, Feb. 24.-Eleven Army Air
Forces flyers huddled today on
the barren, icy reaches of the
Northwestern Greenland ice cap
as rescue missions from two
parts of the world converged in
a giant-scale operation for their
evacuation.
None of the II men, members of
the. B-29 Photographic reconnais-
sance Super Fortress "Kee Bird
which crashed Friday, was believed
injured.
Here was the rescue picture with
the Army's race against time and
weather made more difficult by the
extreme cold and short days of the
Arctic region:
Three transports and a troop
carrying glider winged their way
across Northern Canada from Ladd
Field to establish an operational
base at Thule, Greenland, 200 miles
SOutn Oh Lne crash SCelle.
HelicYteS Being Sent.
At New York, Maj. Gen. William
H. Tunner, commanding general OF
the Atlantic Division of the Ali
Transport Command, took prelimi-
nary steps for a rescue by hell
copter or by dog team and alerted
all ATC aircraft in Newfoundland
Labrador and Greenland to stand
ready to aid.
! Capt. Donald A. Shaw, a special
list in Arctic rescue work, was flown
from New York to Goose Bay, Lab
rador. There the ATC has dog
teams and equipment by which
sled and dogs can be dropped by
parachutes if it is necessary te
'mush" the trapped men out.
A Coast Guard helicopter was
packed in an ATC plane and dis
patched to Gander, Newfoundland
to await further orders. Another
plane carrying replacement parts
for the helicopter and additiona
coast guard operators stood by at
Westover Field, Mass, to support
the operation if helicopter rescue
were attempted.
A reconnaissance flight by third
ATC plane, which late yesterday
established radio contact with the
marooned men, was to determine
what means of rescue would be used
the ATC said. The plane returned
last night to Sondre Strom Fjord
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Ferguson Backs
Full Budget
OF Six Billion
Senate Signs Still
Point to Az Billion
Limit, However
By J. A. O'LeoY

Charging the Army and Navy
with tendency to "err on the
high side" in estimating future
needs, Senator Ferguson, Repub-
lican, of Michigan came out to-
day in support of the $6,000,0 ,000,-
600 budget cut adopted last week
by the House.
Briskly attacking Government
spending, Senator Ferguson declared
that if Congress doesn't cut out
shameless duplication, overlapping
of functions and waste of the tax
payers money" now it will never
do it.
1t now costs the American people
more to be governed than it does to
eat, he said.
AS the Senate prepared to resume
debate on the budget ceiling, all
signs still pointed to approval of
the $4,500,0 100000 substitute favored
by those who fear the House figure
would cut too deeply into national
defense needs.
Questions Service Estimates.
Senator Ferguson disagreed with
his Republican colleague, Senator
Vandenberg, as he declared the esti-
mates of the armed services are by
no means "a precise measurement
of the minimum or maximum
amounts of furAs necessary to
finance security"
Senator Vandenberg took the floor
last week against the 100000 900
economy goal, warning the Senate
that in the present state of world
affairs Congress cannot afford "to
present Uncle Sam with chip on
each shoulder and both arms in a
sling"
In speech prepared for delivery
after the Senate meets at, noon,
Senator Ferguson said he recognizes
clearly the need for an alert Army
and Navy, but added:
Although I am opposed to pro-
miscuous reductions in the service
appropriations, I do believe that
substantial economies can be
achieved without impairing either
the efficiency of the services or the
security of the Nation"
COP Split Is General.
The difference of opinion between
the Michigan Senators is typical of
a general split on the Republican
side over the budget ceiling. In
fact, the 81 Republican Senators are
about evenly divided for and against
the $4,000, 100000 figure, which would
bring President Truman's budget
ceiling down to $31 500, 100000 for
the year starting July 1. Since most
Democrats are expected to oppose
the House measure, the 81, 500 900 900
amendment seems assured of pass
age.
Eventually, conferees from both
houses are expected to agree on
approximately $4,000, 100000 as the
total saving that should be sought
in the Presidents budget.
Nevertheless, strong bipartisan
Senate group is planning to offer
another amendment in the Senate,
to provide that not more than $780,
100000 should be trimmed from the
Army and Navy. 1t has been charged
during the debate that to cut the
entire budget $6000,OO0,000 would
necessitate taking 81 750, ,000, 900 from
military funds. and $50000,000 from
civilian functions of the War De-
partment.
Senator Ferguson, who said his
experience on the War Investigating
Committee had convinced him of the
possibilities for greater economy in
Government, singled out the many
Government corporations as fertile
spots for savings.
Besides Senator Ferguson, Minor
ity Leader Barkley, Senator Hatch,
Evening star., 1947-02-24
BY the Associated Press

MOSCOW, Feb. 24.-The Voice
of America" the radio beamed to
Russia by the American State De-
partment via Munich, appeared to-
day to be yelling itself hoarse across
the windy steppes with little effect.
A number of Russians, inter-
viewed after the first week of opera
ton expressed these opinions:
/. Reception is very poor.
2. The programs are too high
brow.
3. There is considerable amateur
ishness.
4. The broadcasts are dull and un-
interesting at times.
5. They do not sound American.
Such Russians as have heard the
program must be very few, because
the broadcasts are so difficult to
pick up. There is great amount
of interference from other voice sta
tions and from code transmitters.
The program fades badly. Appark
Evening star., 1947-02-24
British Draw 100 Million
More on u. S. Loan
BY the Associated Press

Britain has drawn another $780,
100000 in cash from the SO, ,000,-
600 credit loan advanced last July,
Treasury records disclosed today.
This brought total Withdrawals to
5000, 100000 in the seven months
since the loan was made.
When Treasury officials recon-
mended that Congress approve the
loan, they estimated Britain would
take out ,500,000,O00 during the
first IL months of its life. They
forecast that Withdrawals would be
81 zoo, 10000 in the second 12-month
period, beginning next July /.
Evening star., 1947-02-24
$50 Pupils, 33 Nuns
Saved in Convent Fire
By the Associated Press

JACKMAN, Me, Feb. 25.-About
$50 pupils and 80 sisters of the
Sacred Heart fed into freezing tenn
peratures and 3-foot snow early
today when their convent building
was destroyed by fire.
Townspeople and nuns evacuated
the children, all from 5 to 8 years
of age. and two aged sisters, Flames
attacked the four-story, wood and
and stone building after a blast
at 4:30 am. The explosion is be-
leved to have occurred in a laun-
.Sry room boiler.
Evening star., 1947-02-24
IA Hurt, z Seriously,
In New York Bus Crash
By the Assoejoied Press,

pT VssUeIuFeu
NEW YORK, Feb. 24NFourteen
passengers were injured, two seri-
ously, when an Inter-City Bus Co.
bus from haywood, N. j., rammed
an Eighth avenue (Manhattan) bus
today.
Most of the victims suffered cuts
from flying glass.
Evening star., 1947-02-24

and 10 other Nazi leaders to death
following a history making trial
here.
The one-time Nazi diplomat now
is 68 and has hardening of the art
cries. The courts sentence was re-
garded as tantamount to life term.
Won Papen's eonfiscated property
includes centuries-old estates in
both the French and British zones
(See Won PAPEN, Page A-6o
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Mayor Sentenced to Hang

DACHAU, Germany, Feb. "a P).
An American military court today
sentenced Fritz E. Haehner, former
Mayor of Ettersberg, Germany, to be
hanged for the murder of three
American flyers in 1914.
Evening star., 1947-02-24
II Flyers Stranded
In Greenland Await
Rescue Missions
Parties on Way to Scene
OF B-2o Crash From
Alaska and U. S. Bases
BULLETIN

LADD FIELD, Fairbanks,
Alaska, (P.-Eleven Army Air
Forces flyers whose plane
crashed on the west coast of
Greenland were rescued today
and flown to Thule, Greenland,
the Army reported here.
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Plane Tragedy Confirmed

A Navy twin-engine trans
port plane, missing with 10
men aboard since February 4,
crashed into the sea off Viz
ginia's Eastern Shore in an icy
storm, the Navy announced to-
day. Fears that the lost plane
had gone down in the Atlantic
Ocean were confirmed with
Identification of body, which
washed ashore seven miles
north of Assateague, Va, yes
terday, as that of Chief Avia-
ton Pilot C. A. Urban, pilot of
the missing aircraft. 4
Evening star., 1947-02-24
Late News
Bulletins
DC. Daylight Saving Loses
In Test Vote in House

IN GSL@F OIG UT TOuSS
On a test vote, daylight saw
ing for Washington was de-
feated by nearly 2 to / in the
House today. Chairman Dirk
sen of the District Committee
Immediately called for a roll
call when the standing count
showed So against and "A in
favor of the bill. Leaders
from farm States, including
three on the District Commit
tee, led the opposition. The
bill was introduced by Repre-
sentative Klein, Democrat, of
New York.