davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-15
PRESBYTERY TO MEET
AT. ROCKFISH TODAY

The regular summer meeting OF
the Wilmington Presbytery Will
be held in the Rockfish church at
10 a. m. today in Wallace.
The opening sermon will be de-
liyered by Rev. Carl Craig OF Jack
sonville.
Pastors and one elder from each
Of Wilmington's Presbyterian
churches will attend, it was an
nounced.
Not all insects destroy plants.
Some prey on the harmful species.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-15

Regularly soc pair! Sheer ray
on stripe panties in brief or
open leg style! Strong, 1resn
new rubber elastic! Tearose
and white!
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-15
j N
SKIRT rs

1898 value! These fresh, new
original print design skirts will
be sell = out. S Day! Many
styles and colors, including two
exciting new numbers! Six
inch wide shirred elastic waist
bands in check and floral
print and colorfu1 ocean scene
print. Both with eight inch
white pique hens topped with
narrow ruffle, edged with red
snd blue rio rae braid!
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Upportunltles lot adVahce"
ment are wide open to
every man in uniform.
Make your choice today at
your u. S. Army and Air
Force Recruiting Station.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Bluffton High schools rapidly inn
proving gridders made up for mex
perience with a display of sterling
defensive play coupled with two in
spired scoring sallies to score ma
jor upset as they beat Ada's strong
eleven, II to 6, last Friday night at
Harmon field.
For the first three quarters, the
underdog Pirates held a marked ad-
vantage over their old foes, and
after they apparently were headed
for an easy victory, battled with
their backs to the wall in the clos
ing period to head off desperate
Ada attempt to tie the score.
After a scoreless first half, Bluff
ton broke loose for two touchdowns
in quick succession soon after the
start of the third period.
The first touchdown came after
Bluffton had taken the ball on a
punt at their own "a, from where
they marched to the At on six plays.
At that point, Halfback Herr broke
through the line, threaded through
the secondary with some nice inter
ference and went SO yards to score.
Kicking off after the tally, Bluff
ton continued headsup play, for an
Ada man fumbled after running the
ball from his own goal to the Ada
35, Marquart fell on the pigskin to
give it to Bluffton. The Pirates
picked up seven yards in line plays,
then had the ball on the 10 yard
line when an Ada defensive back
interfered with the receiver on a
pass play. Bluffton got five yards
in three tries at the line, then Herr
tailed again in a brilliant fve-yard
dash to score.
Buttons last threat of the game
petered out a few minutes later on
the Ada 35 after Hauenstein had
intercepted an Ada pass in midfield
From that point the Pirates
failed to make a first down, with
Ada controlling play most of the
way. In the waning minutes of the
third quarter and the first half OF
the fourth Ada marched from their
own nine yard line in 13 plays fol
a touchdown by Halfback Hover
Another Ada march was under way
as the game ended, with the visitors
taking the ball on their own % and
going to Buttons 80.
Neither team threatened in the
first quarter, the principal high
point of which was quick kick by
Bluffton's Bracy which rolled dead
on the Ada 10.
In the second quarter, the Pirates
went from their own 81 yard line
to Ada's 13 where the Bulldogs
finally held with a brilliant 37-yard
run by Bracy setting up the scoring
threat. Earlier in the period Ada
had gotten to Blutfton's 19 where a
holding penalty and tumble finally
forced them to kick from the Bluff
ton 40.
In yards gained from rushing Ada
had 271 to Bluffton's 100, but at the
end of the third quarter the ad-
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Mr.. and Mrs. Guy Mayberry, son
Franklin and daughter Joan were
Sunday dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Dale Westenbarger of near Colum-
bus Grove.
Mrs. Regina LemIey Of Pandora,
mother of Mrs. Harold Marshall, is
quite i'll in Bluffton hospital at this
writing.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl Ludwig of Lima
were Thursday evening guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. d. c. Campbell
Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin Cupp and
daughters Nancy and Cynthia of
Pandora spent Thursday evening with
Mr. and Mrs. J. Q. Cupp and daughter
Edythe.
Mrs. Lysle Cahill and daughter
Lynne of Cleveland are spending the
week with Mr.. and Mrs. Orlo Mar
shall. Mr.. Cahill was here for the
week end.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. NJ. Finley of JEFF
ferson were guests in the home of
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Marshall for
the week end. They were called here
by the serious illness of Mrs. Fin
iey's mother, Mrs. Regina Lemley.
Miss jeanette Huber has returned
to her work at the Lenox Mfg. Co.
in Lima after spending a two weeks
vacation with her parents Mr.. and
Mrs. Glen Huber.
At a meeting of the Profit and
Pleasure club held in the home of
Mrs. John Burkholder last Wednes-
day afternoon, Mrs. Clarence Begg,
Mrs. Edgar Begg and Mrs. Herbert
Marshall were appointed to repre-
sent the club at a demonstration
meeting to be held in the home of
Mrs. Smith near Lima, October 7th.
The annual State meeting of Ohio
Federated Farm Women's clubs was
announced for October Is to be held
in Tiffin with the State president,
Mrs. Herbert Marshall of the local
club, presiding. Plans ar being made
to send a large delegation.
A reunion of the nurses of the
class of AZ at the Toledo State Hos
pital, was held in the home of Mrs.
Walter Cupp, Sunday, with Mrs Bea
trice Alderman as hostess. Those en-
joying the day together included: Mr.
and Mrs. Raymond Hayes and
daughter Karen of Warren; Mr.. and
Mrs. Herbert Marshall, Jr. and son
Alan of Herod; Mr. and Mrs. Marion
ANaiIo41 anu MISS DOIOtity C1DdI all
of Toledo and Mr.. and Mrs. Roscoe
; Alderman and son James.
Word was received here last week
that Mrs. William Riser, mother of
Mrs. Walter Cupp, had fallen and
sustained injuries to her face and
left arm of a rather serious nature.
She is recuperating at the home of
another daughter, Mrs. Jesse Leh-
man in New London, where she has
made her home for a number of years.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25
BlufftOn College Gridders To Open
Season At Wilmington This Saturday

Opening a rigorous schedule of
fall play that will pit them against
teams from eight larger schools,
Bluffton college gridders will jour
ney to Wilmington this Saturday to
meet the Quakers in night tilt.
The initial contest will be a Sc
we're test for Coach A. c. Burcky's
light team, for Wilmington has
squad of candidates approximately
the size of Bfuffton's turnout of 35.
A sprinkling of veterans, coupled
with untried newcomers, will be in
the starting lineup for the Beavers,
and although the squad has been
shaping up nicely in practice some
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

of the starting positions still were
in doubt the early part Of this week.
Coach Burcky has his best break
in the backfield, so far as veteran
material Is concerned this fall, but
even there a lot of work has been
required to mold a good offensive at
tack. On the line, actual game ex-
perience alone will determine how
well the Beavers will perform.
Following the contest with Will
mington, the Burckymen will play
at Kenyon, Cedarville and Ashland
on successive weeks before appear
ing against Findlay in the Bluffton
Homecoming tilt on October Is.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25
Bluffton High Pirates Upset Ada,
Il To 6, In First Home Grid Game

vantage was the Pirates 1872 to 1862,
as an indication of how Coach Cot
terman's proteges dominated play
for three periods.
Ada had a wide edge in first
downs, 18 to 6. Bluffton completed
one pass in four attempts for IS
yards. Ada attempted one pass
which was intercepted. Bluffton's
punts averaged Ala yards per try
and Ada's 80, and the Pirates had
one tumble to three for the visitors.
Ada recovered two of their own
fumbles and Bluffton one.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

here undefeated, with a season record
including a 81 to 0 conquest over
Leipsic, and Go tie with Columbus
Grove. Bluffton lost to Kenton, 19
to 0, then came up with a surprise
last Friday in besting Ada's strong
eleven, IL to 6.
Untried when the season opened,
Bluffton's green team which includes
only four veterans, has been improv-
ing steadily, and if last weeks per
formance Is a criterion of what is to
come the Pirates will develop into a
much better outfit than anyone had
anticipated on the basis of early per-
formance.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25
SeUen ct F. r. A.
Greenland Degree

Leland Garmatter, David Hofstet-
ter, Richard Kohler, Melvin Mar
quart, Norman Marquart, Don
Oates and Dale Riser were initial
ed into the local F. F. A. chapter
as Greenhands at the last meeting
of the Bluffton F. F. A, according
to Luke Lugibihl, chapter president.
The addition of these initiates raises
to eighteen the active membership
of the chapter. Refreshments were
served after the meeting.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Another traditional gridiron rival
ry that promises plenty of thrills is
on tap for this Friday night
at Harmon field, when Bluffton and
Pandora High elevens renew an
ancient rivalry that has long been as
hotly contested as any in the district.
Bluffton's green team, steadily i'm
proving from week, to week, figures
to look better than ever against their
old foes, and Pandora followers who
two weeks ago regarded the game as
a pushover for the Fleetwings hastily
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25
Bluffton And Pandora Tangle In
Traditional Grid Tilt Here Friday

revised their opinion last week
following the Pirates II to upset
victory over Ada.
Advance predictions for a thrill
packed contest are based on the fact
that both teams have break-away
artists who make a speciality of long
jaunts for scoring sallies, added to
the fact that the traditional rivalry
never fails to produce something
spectacular in each years renewal of
hostilities.
Pandora's Fleetwings will come
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25
Birthday Dinner

4 birthday dinner honoring Cliff
Arnold was given by Mr.. and Mrs
Lloyd Arnold and family, Sunday.
Present were Mr.. and Mrs. Richard
Arnold, Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Powell
and sons and the honored guests Mr..
and Mrs Cliff Arnold, all of Find
lay.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Windbreaks should be put 70 to
100 feet from buildings to avoid
trouble with drifted snow. Trees 25
feet tall will cut wind velocity so to
rs per cent for $50 to 200 feet to lee
ward.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

One of the quickest profits from
farm improvements can be obtained
by applying lime and fertilizer on
Ohio pastures this fall or before
grass growth starts next spring.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

Mrs. NJ. M. Ringenburg and
daughter Ellen May were removed
from Bluffton hospital to their home
here.
Miss Audrey Thrapp spent Sunday
in the Morrey Gaskins home in Ft.
Wayne, Ind.
Miss Geraldine Basinger, R. N,
has returned to Columbus where she
will be employed at the University
hospital.
Miss Esther Bohn, daughter of
Rev. and Mrs. Ernest Bohn, is teach
ing in the Wauseon high school this
year.
Miss Emma Lehman visited rela-
tives in Lima, Sunday.
A number of Steer club members
and agricultte students are plan
ming to exhibit and sell their steers
at the Northwestern Ohio sale at
Archbold, Ohio, Friday, September
26.
Mrs. Zella Hilty and Mrs. Rita
BURY are seriously i'll at their homes
here.
Many interested flower lovers at
tended the Flower Show sponsored
by the Pandora Flower club at the
school building, Saturday.
Mrs. Regina Lemley is a patient
at Bluffton hospital.
The number of hens and pullets on
farms ready for the next egg produc-
ton season is 8 per cent higher than
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1947-09-25

News Want Ads get results.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
PURITY BAKERY E
 NOW INCORPORATED

The Puriuy Bakery, Inc, of Ju- neau. has received it's certificate of incorporation from Territorial Auditor Frank A. Boyle. The new firm engages in wholesale and re- tail baking business. It is incor- porated for S100,000 divided into l 900 shares of stock having a par value of $l00 per share Stock holders were listed as: Bert F and Elizabeth Mcdowell, Marshall F. and Vivian Erwin and Levi and Marie Hunsaker.
 Also approved for incorporation is Finleys Inc, of Anchorage, with capital stock issue of 1000 shares having par value of Sl00 each for a total of SlC0000 The firm, which will be engaged in the retail shoe business, was organized by Norman D Finley, Burton c. Rutherford, Jr., and Edward F Medley.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29

ship at l0i5D a. m.li Mrs, Carol Beery Davis at the organ.
 The Hymn-Holy, Holy, Hcly. The Call to Worship.
 The Invocation, Lords Prayer Gloria Patri.
 The Responsive Reading
 The Hymn.
 The Sacrament of Baptism for Infants.
 Acknowledgement of New Mem bers.
 That's Why I Love Him-Law- renee; Choir l.
 Easter Time is Singing Timer Downs; Choir L In Thee Is Gladness-Gastoldi; Choir IL
 Blessed Is He Who Cometh-- Gounod; Choir II; Soloist; Donna Jewett.
 Praise God for Easter Day. Lowden; Choirs I and II.
 The Presentation of Tithes and Offerings.
 Ire Prayer of Dedication.
 The Offertory
 The Meditation-The Pastor Easter Chimes-Lowden; Choir l. Christ Went Up Into the Hills Alone Bitgood; Choir II
 We Will Be Marry-Praetorius; Choir IL
 The Stone Is Rolled Away LowGen; Quartet. Donna Jewett, Sylvia Davis, Betty Mantyla. Lois Lawrence.
 Hosannal-G Gregor; Choir II. Easter-Lowden; Soloist: Robert Secrist; Quartet Donna Jewett, Sylvia Davis, Betty Mantyla, Lois Lawrence, with Choirs I and II. The Hymn
 The Benediction-The Response. The Postlude.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
JUNIOR CHOIRS OF N. N.L.PRESBYTEREAN
 WILL SING SUNDAY

The Junior Chors oI tie No,t2- ern Light Presbyterian Church, under the direction of Mrs. D. |. MacKinnon will sing at the wor- ship service at II o'clock Sunday morning, Palm Sunday
 At this service will also be ad- ministered the Sacrament of Bap- tism for Infants, and the acknow- ledgment of new members into the membership of the church.
 The public is cordially invited to attend, and enjoy this service, which is as follows:
 The Organ Preparation for Wor-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
NhCHUSEH LEAVES
 FOR SHORT CRUISE

USCG Cutter Wachusett return cd tc Juneau at 3 o'clock yester- day afternoon after making a run acS far as Fairway Rock to service radio beacon. She sailed out Thursday morning at 8 o'clock
 Personnel transfers were effect ed at Sentinel Island, and emer- gency drills were held on ship. The compass and radio direction finder were calibrated on the
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
l,ltiIiEnS

ATTENTION AUCGERS with logs for sale. Contact Juneau Lumber Mills, Will buy from 100000 1t. to 10000 900 feet. Fcr further
 particulars see Juneau Lumber Mills 433-tf
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29

cruise as we'll
 Lt Comdr George Playdon was acting Commander of the ship in the absence of Comdr, E. " Carl son. who has been on leave this week.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
DOUGLAS
 NEWS
MEEkLND SHOWS

The Douglas Coliseum Theatre will present. "Spooks Run Wild this evening, Sunday evening Bette Davis will star in The Corn is Green"
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
RETURN FROM VACATION

Mrs L. w. Wilcox and daughters have returned via PAA plane from a six week vacation visit with folks
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29

in Washington Wilcox a USED office employee, was unable to join them as was originally planned.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
NURSE FROM sITKA

Miss Hilda I. Till, formerly a nurse at the Skagway Sanatorium and now on Japonski Island at Sitka, flew to Juneau yesterday with Alaska Coastal Airlines and stopped over last night at the Baranof Hotel. She is travelling to Fairbanks on vacation.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29

The Iroa Age began about 1000 3. c.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29

French Indo-China has an area larger than than of Texas.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-29
MOOSE WOMEN WILL ENTERTAIN
 SPECIAL GUESTS

Frances Wiebke, member of the Grand Council, Women of the Moose, and Mary Wallace, Grand Secretary of tEc Academy of Friendship, arrives in Juneau on the Princess Norah Monday March 3l
 There will be no host dinner in their honor at the Baranof at 6:30 D. m Monday and all mem ters Of the Women of tEe Moose who wish to attend this dinner are asked to call Black 7e0 or 792 before noon Monday for reserva- tions.
 Monday evening at 8 o'clock there will be a program followed by a reception in the LOOP Hal
 ATTENTION MASCNS Called Communication, Monday evening at 7;30 with Labor in the E. A. Degree.
 J. w. LEVERS, Secy.
 adv 540-t2
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-22
ATTENTION MAsoNs

Stated Communication Monday evening 7:30 preceded by dinner at 6:30. Work in the M M. Degree. J. w. LEVERS, Secy.
 adv. 534-t2
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-22
NOTICE OF REGISTRATION
 OF VOTERS"

| Notice is hereby given that on the lst day of March, 1947, the office of the Registration Officer will be open for the purpose Of registering per- sons desiring to vote at the next an- nual Municipal Election. Any person ltwenty-one years of age who is a citizen of the United States and has resided continuously for one year next preceding the date of election in the Territory of Alaska, within the corporate limits of the City of Juneau, shall be entitled to register. The office of the City Clerk will be open for registration every day from March 1, 1947 except Saturday afternoons, Sundays and legal holi- days, between the following hours: From 830 A. M. to 1200 P. M; and from LOO P. M. to 4:30 P M. and will close at noon on the Saturday before the day of election.
 The said election will be held on the first Tuesday in April (April l, 194D for the purpose of the election of a Mayor, three Councilmen and one School Board Director and for voting on the following proposals:
 Proposal No. 1Shall the City of Juneau, Alaska, acquire by purchase for $210,00000 (plus any amounts expended on new construction and other items chargeable to capital account between June 3, 1946 and the date on which payment of the pur- chase nrice is made) the public utility JUNEAU WATER WORKS and its property iternized and shown on it's option to purchase given to said City of Juneau; and issue and sell reve- nue bonds, payable soley from un- pledged revenues of the JUNEAU WATER WORKS so purchased in cluding future additions and inn provements, sufficient in amount to obtain and pay said purchase price?
 Proposal No. 2-Shall the City of Juneau, Alaska, acquire by purchase for $500, ,o0D.00 the public utility ALASKA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY and it's real and personal property and property rights itemized and show on its op- tion to purchase given to said City of Juneau; and issue and sell reve- nue bonds, payable solely from un- pledged revenues of the ALASKA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY so purchased, including future additions and improvements, sufficient in amount to obtain and pay said purchase price?
 1 Proposal No. 3-Shall the City of Juneau, Alaska, acquire by purchase, for $15 100000 the public utility NEIL SON WATER WORKS and all it's , property in accordance with it's said option; and issue and sell revenue bonds, payable solely from un- pledged revenues of the said NEIL SON WATER COMPANY so pur- chased, including future additions and improvements, sufficient in amount to obtain and pay said pur- chase price?
 Dated this lst day of March, 1947. c. L. POPEJOY, City Clerk
 First publication, March l, 1947.
 Last publication. March 29. 19f7
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-22
Greek Government Troops Are 10 Move
 Against Guerri|Ias

SALONIKA, Greece, March 22.-- R-Greek government troops were reported ready to begin full-scale operations today against guerrillas in the neighborhood of Mount Grammos near the Albanian bor- der.
 Alexis Kyrou, Greek liaison off cer with the United Nations Bal kan Investigation Commission here, made formal announcement of the planned drive last night.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1947-03-22
RADIO LOG
KINY (1460 KC) JUNEAU "The Voice of Alaska"
SATURDAY. EVENING

SATURDAY EVENING 5:00-One Night Stand. 5:30-Totem Talk-Forecasts. 5:45-Songs of the Islands. 6:00-PNA Dinner News. 6:15-Melody Roundup 6:30-Dinah Shore. 7:00-Community Center. 7:15-Standard News-Forecasts. 7;30-Duffy's Tavern. 8:00-Honor Roll of Hits. 8:30-Saturday Serenade. 9;00-Mystery Playhouse. 9:30-Magic Carpet 9:45-Between the Lines. l0:00-Pamaray Time l0:l5-Forecasts.
 SUNDAY II 1l.55-Forecasts. 12:00-Music America Loves. 12:30-Kate Smith. 100-Fannie Brice. 1:30-Lutheran Hour. 2:00-Forever Tops. 2:30-Voice of Prophecy. 3:00-Interlude in Black & White. Yvcnne's Siesta for Sunday. 330-Information Please. 4:00-Charlie Mccarthy. 4:30-Alaska Light Concert. 5:00-PNA News--Forecasts. 5.15-Excursion in Science. 5:30-Albert White. 5:45-Dance Band. 6:00-Revival Hour. 7:00-Jack Benny. q 7:30-Twenty Questions. 8:00-Theatre Guild. 9:00-Command Performance. 9:30-Forecasts. Marine and weather forecasts daily 1t 800 and 930 AM.,; 12:00 Noon, and $40, 7:25 and 10:15 P. M.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-09-28

on the
River
By BURTON HAWKINS

BY BURTON HAWKINS
MORE THAN a million per-
IVA sons converged on Crit
nth Stadium last year to re-
lax at the Mats baseball
games, and nearly as many
have watched them this
season. Ball players also well
come relaxation. and in the
case OF Pitcher Early Wynn it
consists of dropping down
to Buzzards Point. hopping
aboard his cruiser and chug-
ging lazily down the Potomac
River.
At various times virtually
all the Mats have accom-
panied Wynn on short trips
aboard the Lazy Bones, a 81
foot cruiser purchased and
vastly improved by Wynn, a
marine engine salesman dur
ing the winter months.
One of the American
Leagues top pitchers, Wynn
also is a Woodworking skip
per, who attends to all de-
tails in keeping his craft
shipshape. He overhauled the
engine, laid linoleum, in
stalled new brasswork, paint
ed and polished the Lazy
Bones into respectable condi-
ton.
Now a resident Of College
Park, Nd, with his wife Lor-
raine and 6-year-old son, Joe
Early, Wynn is a one-eighth
Cherokee Indian who joined
the Mats in 1889. A husky g.
footer, the 27-year-old Wynn
served in the Philippines with
the Army during World War
II.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-03-01
BAR ASSOCIATION
T. ELECTS OFFICERS
Southport Attorney Will
Head Eighth District
Group

Joe Ruark, of Southport, was
elected president of the Eight
District Bar Association last night,
to succeed Aaron Goldberg, of Will
mington.
Other officers named, at a sup
per meeting at Miss JAMES, place
on Masonboro Sound, included.
Dwight McEwen, secre t a + y.
treasurer, and Louis Poisson, coun-
%sellor, both of Wilmington.
Judge J. J. Burney had been
scheduled to address the meeting.
However, he was unable to attend
because of out-of-town business,
it was announced.
The meeting was attended by
some As attorneys from White
vile, Southport and Burgaw, which
comprise the Eight District.
It was the first meeting of the
association since before the last
war.