Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1947-09-16
Assembly Opens
Under Cloud Of
u. S.-Soviet Riff
Dr.. Aronho, Retiring
President, Warns
Moment Is Critical
By the Associated Press

NEW YORK, Sept. l6.-The
United Nations Assembly today
formally opened its critical 1947
session amid solemn warnings
that the growing split between
Russia and the western powers
must be stopped at all costs.
The opening meeting, attended by
many of the worlds top diplomats
including Secretary of State Mar
shall, was convened at 11:09 am.
by silver haired DR.. Oswaldo Aranha
of Brazil. holdover president of the
special Palestine session.
Moment Is Crucial"
Or. Aranha told the opening ses-
sion that "the world will organize
peace or hasten war" over U. N.
council tables and warned that "the
next 10 years may be envisaged as a
period of doubts and insecurity"
Our task" DR.. Aranha declared
"narrows down to the question of
whether the road will lead to peace
or to strife"
THE moment is crucial" the re-
firing president said. More than
two years have elapsed since the end
of the war, but a real peace has not
yet been achieved"
The Brazilian diplomat urged a
humane approach in dealing with
the problems of the postwar period,
warning that 1.-The totalitarian world
collapsed because it dared to affront
the freedom of human conscience"
DR.. Aranha said the United Ma
tions-dedicated to the achievement
of peace-should benefit from the
lessons taught by war.
Must Condemn Thought of War.
1T is not enough he said, ito
ban the use of weapons such as gas,
atomic bombs and means of mass
destruction. We must condemn not
only the arms but the very thought
of war, together with all ideas of
employing the pacific conquests of
science to breed war and destruc-
ton instead of the well being of
peoples. The advent of reason will
be that of peace"
DR.. Aranha declared that the aim
of the United Nations was not to
maintain peace through political
balance but Ito promote all means
and adopt all initiatives capable of
ohviating the recourse to war for the
control of problems and indeed of
the very life of mankind.
DR.. Aranha told his fellow dele
gates that the world at large desired
peace but that it was up to the
United Nations to show them how to
maintain it.
1--WE all desire peace" he said
There is single road to peace,
however. which all must follow.
Peace is one and indivisible. The
work that was begun in San Fran
cisco must eliminate in New York,
here at the United Nations"
Dispute Clouds Opening.
The occasion was clouded by last
nights angry dispute between Rus
STA and the United States over the
Balkan question and by Russia S
18th and Goth vetoes cast in the
Security Council on the eve of the
Assembly's opening.
The sentiment of many delegates
was expressed by Fadhil Jamali,
Foreign Minister of Iraq, who said
on his arrival:
Il hope the United Nations will be
victorious in this crucial meeting
II bad decisions are taken it may
mean the defeat of the United Ma
tons"
Mr.. Jamali did not mention the
explosive Palestine problem which
along with the Balkan problem and
the big-power veto-Was on the for
midable list of questions that may
keep the Assembly in session as long
as three months.
Among the early arrivals was Gen
Marshall, who is personally heading
the American delegation. He en-
tered the crowded antechamber at
1880 am, ahead of Soviet Chief
Delegate Andrea Y. Vishinsky, who
got in only this morning on the
British liner Queen Elizabeth.
The first of the Queen Elizabeth
contingent to be rushed by lin
CUISINE to the assembly hall at
Flushing Meadow Park was Premier
Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium, pres
ident of the Assembly at its 1916
meetings in London and New York.
O'Dwyer Extends Welcome.
Mayor William ODwyer, in a
speech of welcome, told the delegates
the world was looking to the U. N.
to guarantee that the world shall
be secure and rational and offer
nobler incentives for living to all
who inhabit this globe"
Our haste makes us impatient
(See u. N, Page A-6.)