davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-09-28

sacrifice to prevent starvation
abroad. If successful, this movement
would certainly discourage excessive
feeding of high-priced wheat and
other feeds. 1t would tend to reduce
inf1ationary pressure and make pos
sible more equitable distribution of
our food supplies among American
consumers.
CD The executive departments
should keep pressure on the COM
modify exchanges to set the highest
margin requirements for nonhedg-
ing futures trading in grain that are
obtainable without destroying the
effectiveness Of the exchanges fol-
necessary hedging operations. The
commodity exchanges do not make
prices rise but there is evidence OF
a growing speculative interest In
commodities that should be dis
couraged in every way possible.
3. The State Department and
other departments concerned should
use every means at the disposal of
our Government to bring about
changes in Argentine policy so as
to secure the export of maximum
quantities Of grain and its distribu-
ton to the right countries on rea-
sonable terms. Looking beyond the
present season it is highly important
that the Argentine government en-
courage instead of discourage the
planting of large acreage for the
next crop.
4. Exports to countries other than
Western Europe, and the occupied
areas in the Orient, for which mini
mum requirements have been care
fully calculated should be restricted
to amounts demonstrably required
to meet essential needs. In 1946-47
our exports to Eastern Europe to-
tailed about 100000 tons, to Latin
America 100000 tons, and to mis-
cellaneous African and Asiatic
countries another 1,5000O tons. In
the light of this. years more acute
world grain shortage, such exports
should not be continued at this level
ShSSPo oA4 C1lC Va oClllOlloUl dJCu
need. In screening the grain require
ments of the importing areas, and in
determining the relative priorities
of the needs, it may be desirable to
take into account the proportion of
their total grain supplies which is
available directly for human con-
sumption and the proportion which
is being fed to livestock and poultry.
S. Although it Is not relevant to
the. urgent problems of this winter,
the committee believes that imme-
diate attention should be given to
the desirability of increasing ex-
ports of nitrate fertilizers from the
United States to Western Europe.
With present rates of consumption;
the shift of moderate tonnage of
nitrogen from use in the United
States to use in Europe would make
possible a large net addition to
world food supplies. Such action
would have to be taken within the
next few months if additional fer
tilizer were to be available for ap-
plication in the spring of 1948.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

Paris conference was Volume 1. A
second volume, including statements
from technical committees Of the
conference, will come along later.
See Self Sufficiency by 1851.
The general report points to the
American continent as the fountain
from which most of the $22 400, ,oOO,-
600 of outside help must flow to re-
store Europe to economic health.
The United States has promised a
careful study of the request.
After outlining proposed measures
Of self-help, which Secretary OF
State Marshall has said are essen
tial if the United States is to lend
hand, the report says outside as
sistance should no longer be needed
after 1851 If there are reasonable
favorable external conditions"
But the end of the aid program
by then was said to be based on vital
and uncertain assumptions:
That American prices will not
mount materially over the levels
of July, 1947.
That normal prewar trade win
be restored between Western Europe
and the granary of Eastern Europe
now under Soviet domination. The
report said 1T was reasonable to ex-
pect that the westward flow of food
and agricultural and forestry prod
ucts will gradually be resumed
regardless of Europe's postwar split
along the iron curtain"
That there will be a steady in
crease in European exports to the
United States from $850,0O0 900 IN
1948 to s1.4sO 100000 in 1851, and a
corresponding gain in sales to the
rest of the American continent from
$1,310, ,000, 900 to s2,460 ,000, 900.
Evening star., 1947-09-28
FOREIGN Aid
Continued From First Fage.) }

later for some major food and other
items.
Greece To Ask More.
8. Greece repeatedly will ask the
United States to provide an extra
s100, 100000 to expand her forces fo1
fighting guerrillas. This would be
in addition to 100000, 600 already
authorized for civilian relief and
military purposes, and some $50,-
100000 for emergency" relief
Chairman Taber of the House Ap-
preparations Committee, now in
Athens, said the Greeks have plenty
of troops to combat guerrillas and
ought to get move on"
4. Senators Russell, Democrat, of
Georgia, and Mcclellan, Democrat,
of Arkansas, proposed in interviews
that congressional leaders make a
"gentleman's agreement" to permit
use of idle funds of Government
agencies for stop-gap assistance to
Europe. They said that would get
around special session of Congress
s. Chairman Hope of the House
Agriculture Committee said Congress
would investigate Government buy
ing of grain for export, as suggested
by leading grain exchanges, if the
latter will submit to us information
justifying it,
The 50,0o0-word report from the
Evening star., 1947-09-28
Legal Point Snags trial
OF Store Larceny Case

Whether a piece of merchandise
In store can be considered the
personal property of a partner in
the business is the legal point which
snagged the Municipal Court trial
yesterday of man charged with
larceny.
Attorney Hillary Costello, repre-
senting James Brown, %, colored,
of the 500 block of U street NV,
put the question before Judge
George D. Nelson during trial of
a larceny charge against Brown.
Morris zlotnick, partner in Louie
Mems Shop in the 1900 block OF
Seventh street NV. said Brown ran
out of the shop Friday with a watch
he had asked Mr.. Z1otnick to show
him from the window display. Mr.
Zlotnick said Brown first put hi
hand in his pocket and told him tt
"stay where you are"
The information against the de.
fendant charged him with larceny
of a watch belonging to Mr.. zlot.
nick. The prosecution contends the
watch was the property of Mr.. zlot.
nick as a partner in the business
Mr.. Costello contends it belonged
To the firm.
Judge Nelson asked the attorney
to submit his arguments Wednesday
Evening star., 1947-09-28

Clearly, the export of 100000, ,O0O
bushels of wheat would impose
no grave hardship on the American
peoples as a whole, if its effects
be measured in physical terms. AT
most 1t would cause some reduction
in the supply of meat, poultry, and
dairy products available for domes-
tic consumption next year. At the
present time our consumption of
meat per capita is some eight per
cent higher than in 1941, and over
20 per cent higher than the average
for 1935-39. The per capita con-
sumption of poultry products has
risen even more. That of dairy
products is slightly higher than in
1941. In the producing areas the
reduction in supply would not be
significant; however, there would
beea concentration of feed shortage
in the deficit areas where the feed
availability per animal unit would
fall well below the national average
If the problem could be considered
entirely in physical terms and if II
could be assumed that there would
be wide and equitable distribu-
'stion of the real sacrifice involved
the committee would have no hest
tation in recommending that we
take steps to export at least 500,-
100000 bushels of wheat in the cur
rent season. This quantity of wheat
together with 100000 bushels ot
course grains, would mean total
exports of 570,OO0,O0O bushels
approximately 100000 tons)
almost exactly the same as last year
5. The Economic Problem:
The difficult problem is not that
of evaluating the relative urgency
of European and domestic needs but
rather of devising ways and means
of securing at least 100000, 900
bushels of wheat for export with
out gravely serious secondary econ
omic effects Whether livestock in
this country, or human beings in
deficit areas abroad, get the major
portion of our surplus of wheat
lover and above the amount needed
for seed, domestic human consump-
ton, industrial use, and a safe
Evening star., 1947-09-28

carry-over), depends on prices, the
behavior of American consumers,
and the action taken by the United
States Government during the next
few weeks. If the European need
is to be met, 1t is essential Cd to
lessen the disappearance of wheat
for livestock feed, e. to acquire it
for export (or subsequent resale
in this country if serious need
develops or the winter wheat crop
fails) before the supply passes into
hands from which it will not easily
be drawn. If prices of eggs and
poultry, dairy products and meat
continue high, and if demand for
;hese products continues strong, and
if the price of corn remains high
compared with that OF wheat, the
amount of wheat fed to livestock
NAV exceed 400, 900, 900 bushels. In
the cash markets wheat has been
selling only slightly above corn.
Outside the corn belt, wheat has
often been a more economical buy
than corn for feeders and feed
mixers.
If the Department of Agriculture
adopted a policy of aggressive buy
ing in order to get the minimum
quantity of wheat necessary to ex-
port as a matter of national policy,
the price of wheat would probably
rise sharply. The infationary ef-
fects of such a development upon
the whole economy need no elabora-
ton. Moreover, the dilemma can
not be resolved for this winter by
the reimposition OF direct controls
of any kind. Under existing law,
the Government lacks specific au-
thority to ration consumption, fix
ceiling prices, or to prevent the di-
version of wheat into non-food uses.
The Committee has not attempted
to decide whether such direct con-
trolls would be effective. Immediate
consideration should be given to the
various types of controls which
might be enacted by the Congress.
However, action in the present situ-
alton cannot wait for consideration
of possible legislation and the crea-
ton of new administrative ma
chinery.
Through September 6, about 200,-
600 900 bushels of wheat had been
or committed for export
by the Department of Agriculture
and by private concerns. This in
cluded approximately 50,000,000
bushels on hand on June 80. Almost
half of this 100000 bushels will
Evening star., 1947-09-28
ls5 to 81 and veal 81 lower to 81

IS to 81 and veal 81 lower to 81
higher.
At 76.5 cents q pound. grade AA
butter was nine cents lower whole-
sale than the peak on September 10
with grade A butter of 10 cents.
Large extras wholesale eggs were
7 to 8.5 cents dozen lower at 56 to
SIS cents and medium extras cents
lower at so to 81 cents.
In the meat picture, however, the
drop in livestock prices did not keer
pace with the wholesale price de-
cline. On Friday, the top steer
price was 1855 compared with
$35.75, the 1947 peak reached on
September 16. Good to choice steers
Friday sold from s26-s35, compared
with $26.50-$35.50 on September is.
Choice hogs yesterday brought s28 rs
compared with an all-time high of
$30.50 on September IL, while choice
spring lamb Friday was $22.50, COM
pared with September high of s26.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

be required for occupied areas in
Germany, Japan, and Korea. The
Department has acquired very little
wheat during recent weeks in which
prices were advancing sharply. Un-
less radical and unexpected changes
occur, it may not be able to acquire,
with present buying practices, the
bare minimum quantity of wheat
necessary for export this year.
: A policy decision needs to be made
as to which horn of the dilemma to
seize; whether it is better policy to
make sure of getting the. wheat at
the risk of pushing wheat prices
higher through more aggressive
buying, or to buy wheat cautiously
on market breaks, at the risk OF
obtaining for export considerably
less than will be needed to meet
minimum requirements in overseas
areas of special Importance to the
United States.
6. Recommendations:
In either event, but especially Il
the decision is to 60 out aggressively
to get the wheat, certain steps ma!
be taken to alleviate the upwarc
pressure in the grain market, tt
lessen the amount of wheat feeding
and to secure the best possible dis.
tribution and use of existing grair
supplies throughout the world in the
light of our national interest. Tht
following are the major lines O.
action which the committee believe!
should be followed:
+ Cd The most effective weapon
that can be brought into play i'm.
mediately to reduce pressure on the
grain markets is a drive to cut the
demand for meat, butter, poultry
and eggs by voluntary self -rationine
on the part of consumers. Such an
effort must be led by the President
it must be carefully planned, in
tensively organized and based or
obtaining the organized corporation
of food producers, professors, dis
tributors and, above all, consumers
1t can and should be based on both
consumer resistance to high prices
and the desire to make some modes,
Evening star., 1947-09-28
Retail Food Prices
Are Reduced in Mosl
Sections Of Nation
BY the Associated Press

The price tags on major food
items were lower at many groceries
and meat markets across the coun-
try yesterday. A spot check OF
representative cities from coast to
coast disclosed that fresh meats
butter or eggs or all three items
were down from the record retail
price peaks in~most sections.
In most place the retail prices
were only few cents lower than
two weeks ago, but in some cities
the slashes were much sharper.
In this city, for example, sirloin
steaks dropped from 90 to 10 cents
Ia pound and porterhouse steaks
from SO to 70; in seattle pork at
rs cents pound represented a drop
of 18 cents; in Denver butter fell
l3 cents to 79 cents a pound; at
Philadelphia eggs dropped 10 cents
a dozen, selling at from 10 to 81
cents.
Prices Climb in Few Cities.
However, in a few cities, prices
were still climbing on some foods
Retailers, market analysts and
business research organizations
agreed that consumer resistance
was major factor in the declines
Refusal of many housewives to buy
the highest-priced food items at
their stores caused drop in the
wholesale price level which is now
reaching the retailer.
Dun & Bradstreet reported that
discrimination against high priced
meats, butter and eggs continued at
the retail level and that sporadic
resistance was generally strong
enough to halt the spiral" in some
food lines.
Food sales, however, were heavier
than the week before with poultry,
cheese, and inexpensive canned
meats in heavy demand, the business
research firm said.
Meanwhile, some basic foods, in
cluding milk, continued to rise, and
the general price outlook was OBJ
scure. Although prices in most
wholesale food markets and on
major grain exchanges started a
steady decline week and a half
ago, prices leveled off and in some
cases staged comebacks late last
week. Also, the ponderous whole
sale price index of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics hit a new postwar
peak during the week ended Sep
tember TO- However, the index die
not take into account some price
declines late in that week.
Comparison of Prices.
A comparison of prices Friday
with the peaks reached earlier this
month in the Chicago exchanges
and wholesale markets showed:
Wheat futures down 14% to 22%
cents a bushel; corn down 24& to
28l2 cents; oats down 14A to 1874
cents. In Chicago cash grains, No.
2 hard wheat was 15la cents lower
(201s under the peak of last March,:
No. 2 yellow corn down 30 cents and
No. 2 white oats down 16 cents.
Wholesale beef prices down 81 to
So hundred pounds, pork loins
down So to So; spring lambs down
Evening star., 1947-09-28
FTC Official to Give
American U. Lectures

PGad B. Morehouse, director of
the stipulations division of the Fed
eral Trade Commission, has been
named lecturer on Government reg
ulations of advertising at American
University, DR.. Paul F. Douglass.
university president, announced yes
terday.
The course will be given at 8:25
pm. to 10:45 pm. on Wednesdays
at the school of social sciences and
public affairs, 1901 F street NV.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

The above figures are not limited
to nourishment received in the form
of bread grain but include the CAL
orie value of all elements in the
diet. One feature of the European
food shortage stands out clearly
The main problem is to supply the
nonfarm population, especially in
the large urban centers. Thus, any
measure of the average diet of the
whole of Western Europe is of little
significance. The urgency of the
need is determined by the situation
of certain groups in the popula-
tions of the five countries listed
separately above, in which the dis
Icrepancy between present and pre-
war diets is the greatest.
3. The World Position:
To the extent of 10000 tons the
increase in Western European re-
qulrements is expected to be offset
by an increase in the supplies avail
able this crop year from major ex-
porting areas other than the United
States. Exports from Canada are
expected to be smaller this season
than last but shipments from Argen-
tina, Australia and other exporting
countries should be larger. The
world supply demand situation is
as follows un million of tons):
Evening star., 1947-09-28
House Groups Visit Pope

VATICAN CITY, Sept. 27 [P.-
Pope Plus XII received today the
congressional committees headed
by Representatives Herter, Repub-
lican, of Massachusetts, and Andre
sen, Republican, of Minnesota, which
are studying relief needs in Europe.
L'Osservatore Romano said the
Pontiff expressed his hope for the
success of their missions in view of
postwar suffering.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

These figures indicate a world
deficit of approximately 100000
tons OF grain even on the assump-
tions that European imports are
limited to the amount necessary
to maintain the grain supplies of
last year, that requirements from
other areas are no greater than
they were last year, and that
United States can make $4,000, ,OG0
tons of grain available for export
> possibility discussed below.
It is possible that the gap can
be reduced through some reduc-
tion in the imports of areas other
than Western Europe and some
further increases in shipments from
exporting areas other than the
United States. -,
No careful examination has yet
been made of the requirements OF
the non-European importing areas.
The preliminary view of the Inter-
national Emergency Food Com
mittee staff is that requirements
will be at least as large as last year.
However, examination. now in pro-
gress may reveal possibilities OF
diversion to Western Europe.
The major area from which there
would appear to be some possibility
of increasing exports is Argentina
1t is estimated that stocks of all
grains were some 100000 tons
larger on July l, 1947 than on the
same date a year ago and are now
extremely heavy. The limiting
factor on shipments is not physical
availability OF grain but rather
price problems and the ability to
move it to seaboard. 1t is believed
to lie within the power of the
Argentine government, given suffi-
GENTLY powerful inducements, to
secure the export of a larger ton
mage than that allowed for in the
above totals.
4. supplies in the United States:
From the 1916 crop some 10,600,-
900 tons of wheat approximately
1896, 100000 bushels) were exported
rs grain and flour, and 4,10o, 900 tons
of corn and other grains approx
imately. 175,000,000 bushels. Our
1947 wheat crop was substantially
larger than lasS years, but the in
crease was more than offset in
tonnage by the drop in the size of
this years corn crop compared
with last years. Indeed, the de-
cline in the size of this years total
Evening star., 1947-09-28
Balance - feeding, ex-
ports, and carry-over

Balance - feeding, ex-
ports, and carry-over 887, 900, ,0o0
The carry-over from this years
crop cannot safely go below 100 000,-
600 bushels, and it will be unwise to
go that low unless the winter wheat
crop prospects are good next spring.
Deducting 100000, 900 bushels leaves
a maximum of 100000 900 bushels
for livestock feeding and for export.
Even a substantial export program
would not compel a disastrous liqui-
dation of livestock. The shipment
abroad of 500,000,000 bushels of
wheat Approximately 13,50O,OOo
tons) would leave over 2500OG,0OO
bushels to be fed. Although, on this
basis, the total amount of grain and
feed concentrates available for feed
would be smaller than in the last
few years, there would be only about
8 per cent less feed per unit of the
animal population than last year.
The condition of pastures and of
ranges is excellent this year and the
supply of hay per unit of the ami
NAL population will be larger than
in any previous season. The follow
ing statistical comparison between
the current and the preceding sea-
son summarizes these conclusions in
quantitative form. The figures for
l947-48 are based on the assumption
that 250,000,000 bushels of wheat
will be fed.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

The urgency of European require
ments is indicated by the following
comparison between the prewar diet
and the 1867 diet for the whole
of Western Europe and for certain
critical nations.
Galleries per person per day.
1Q33-37 1Q46-47
Evening star., 1947-09-28

(es)
1s47
Grain and feed concentrates
utilized (miion
tons) -------------- ITS
Units in the animal popula-
ton (mlions 1870
Feed supply utilized
animal unit SO
Evening star., 1947-09-28

The tert OF a special interim
report on grain export policy,
submitted to President Truman
by his Committee on Foreign Aid,
headed by Secretary OF Com
1,erce Hartman, and made pub
lie by the White House last night,
tolIo,Ds:: tt
Evening star., 1947-09-28
September "a, 1947.
Dear Mr.. President:

Dear Mr.. President:
submit herewith special in
terim report on grain export policy
which has been prepared for your
use and information by your Com
mittee on Foreign Aid
AS you know, the committee will
not arrive at final recommendations
on any of the problems which you
have asked it to study until there
has been an opportunity to evaluate
the report of the Paris Conference,
and to compare the import require
ments of participating countries
with the volume of United States
resources which may be available
for export. However, in view of the
urgency of the food crisis in Europe
and the necessity for immediate
decisions with respect to grain pro-
curement by the United States Gov
eminent, the committee, at my sug-
gestion. has considered these issues
and expressed its judgment upon
them at this time.
Respectfully,
w. A. HARTMAN.
Evening star., 1947-09-28

United States grain crop (wheat,
corn, oats, rye, barley below last
years is expected to be about as
great as the total of all grain ex-
ported from the United States in
the crop year ended June 80. 1947.
Nevertheless, the supply of grain
is adequate to permit exports equal
or nearly equal to last years, pro-
vided excessively heavy feeding of
wheat to livestock can be prevented.
Exports of corn and coarse grains
are expected to run to 10000 900
bushels this season. More than half,
including all of the corn, has al
ready been shipped. The critical
decisions> concern the procurement
of wheat for export. The balance
sheet for this year stands about as
follows:
Evening star., 1947-09-28
IN Committee Report on Wheat Export Problem

Grain Production and Imports Of
Selected European Countries.
(ranillinnr of tnnsl
Evening star., 1947-09-28

BuSneIS.
Estimated production - 1,409 900 900
Garry -over from 1876 $4,000, ,00c
Total supply ------ 1,4s2, 900 900
Required for seed and
domestic consumption
and industrial use Cos, 100000
Arkansas State press., 1947-03-14
ATKINS
CONTINUED from Page y

CONTINUED from Page y
after spending several months In
Kansas City. Charlie Fletcher
left Thursday for Vancouver,
Washington where he will prob.
ably live with his brother for
q while. Douglas Fletcher is
spending a few days In Little
Rock. Mrs. Lille +. Hemphill
accompanied the girls basketball
team to the State Tournament at
A. M. en-. College. Pine bluff.
The team was the Conway
County Training School OF Men
flee. Mrs. Girtha Lee Swinton
spent Thursday with her sister,
Mrs Roger Block OF Plummer-
yille. Mrs. Cozetta Edward and
her daughter. Deborah Grace
spent last week with her mother
Mrs. N. Il. Mcdonald. Mrs.
laura Fletcher Is much improv'
cd Mrs. lvie Swlnton OF st.
Louis spent the weekend with
Mr.. and Mrs. c. II Swinton