davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

ly popular politically but highly dan
gerous economically since it would
threaten to dry up the most abundant
source of venture capital.
Before his veto message, the Presi-
dent asked Congress for a compre-
hensive flood control program from
the Appalachians to the Rockies.
Earlier the President broke a five
months deadlock over his nomination
of Francis Bidd]e as U. S. representa-
tive to the United Nations Economic
and Social Council by withdrawing
the appointment at Biddle's request.
Biddle, former attorney general
under the Late President Franklin
Roosevelt, accused Sen. Arthur Van
denberg (R-Mich.), chairman of the
Senate Foreign Relations committee,
of bottling up the nomination since
last January. Biddle preferred a
showdown, he said, but there was no
chance of action before Congress adj
journed.
In Biddle's stead, the President
nominated Willard L. Thorp, assist
ant secretary of state for Economic
Affairs. He will serve in both Jobs
concurrently without added compen-
sation, if confirmed.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

bourg, Ireland, Iceland, Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Italy.
Portugal, Greece and Turkey. They
form the western bloc.
These is nations in conference at
Paris set up five committees and a
secretarlat to survey E~urope's re-
sources and needs in compliance with
the Marshall proposal. The bodies
consist of an executive committee
Britain, France, Italy, Norway and
the Netherlands) and committees on
food and agriculture, steel and iron,
transport, fuel and power.
To Reconvene in August
1t will take until late August before
these committees can complete their
audit and the Paris conference then
will reconvene to draft an overall plan
of communal aid and a formal request
for American relief.
Meanwhile Moscow laid down a
violent barrage of propaganda against
the Marshall plan and the Paris con-
ference, which it declared was doomed
to failure. The Communist newspaper
Prada declared that eastern Euro
pean nations were interested in OBJ
tanning American credits, but directly
from the us. and not through Britain
and France.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Invention
New Printing Process

OSSS
A revolutionary newspaper print
Jug method designed to eliminate S
~ linotype machines, matrices and
.'efeotype plates was announced this
Eveek by John H. Perry, Jr., chairman
II me William J. Higgins Co.
Entire pages are printed directly
prom a single sheet of engraved mag
|Aeslum which weighs less than a
POUND compared with 46 pounds for
conventional stereotype plate.
composition of body type is done
" Proportional spacing typewriters.
Macnines have been developed to per-
mt head-setting by the same method,
Ferry said.
The process completely changes
VIC composing room as it exists today"
We announcement claims. Copy goes
mlec1ly from t%ypewriters to the make
~ boards and from there to the en-
srsaing room. Copy need not be
S.oolfead as composition errors are,
lhe Photographic nature of the
p'oceSs, completely eliminated"
Aesearch was conducted in the COM
paliy Ocala, Fla, plant, and the
p,ocess has been used for several
r o''ns IN publication of the Leesburg,
w.; Commercial Ledger, a 12-page
weekly paper.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Germany
Revised Policy

S'oSS
/ The United States this week re-
|lised its policy toward defeated Ger
|hany. declaring that a stable and
Productive Germany with a higher
|5tandard of living was essential to
European recovery and lasting peace.
The new directive, signed by the
|state, War and Navy Departments,
apparently opens the door for Ger
|tan participation to some degree in
|ihe Marshall plan for European re-
construction.
The &c. 00-word directive is re-
|garded by American Military Gov
|ernment authorities as the most i'm
|portant American statement since the
Stuttgart speech last fall Of former
Secretary of State James F. Byrnes
IN which he advocated the return Of
telf-government to the Germans as
Boon as possible.
The new policy makes it plain that
|the U. S. wants Germany demilitar-
ped permanently. It also reiterates
pr American policy expressed at the
pig Four meeting in Moscow last
|epring: The U. S. will not permit any
Patton to extract PREPARATIONS goods
put Of Germany while American tax
payers are obliged to pour in funds
70 keep Germany alive.
The directive states that America
|foes not wish to impose its own form
Of democracy and social organization
en Germany and believes equally
hfmly that no other government
Should.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

N~t
TENDER 8 in preparation for the annual
ALL convention in San Francisco on
October 6. The convention will do the
actual electing, guided by recommen-
dations of the executive board.
Green, who has headed the ALL
since 1924. is a former secretary
treasurer of Lewis United Mine
Workers. Green was Lewis choice for
the ALL presidency at that time, and
since Lewis return to the federation
a year and a half ago, the two have
been very close.
Now that hard and soft coal miners
are covered for at least a year by the
best contracts in their history, Lewis
may again become head of one of
Americas two top groups of unions.
In 1885, he brought about the great
split in labor by taking his miners
out of the ALL and founding the
Congress of Industrial Organizations
which he headed for many years.
Eventually, however, Lewis drifted
away and effected a reconciliation
with old line AFL union leaders.
Lewis, 81, could turn over leader
ship in the UNIV to Vice President
John O'Leary, Secretary-Treasurer
Thomas Kennedy or A. D. Denny
Lewis, his brother.
AS 18th vice president, his friends
say, Lewis Yields as much or more
influence in AFL policy matters as
Green himself.
Now, if he wishes to make a fight
for the leadership, some AFL officials
believe, he probably could line up
enough votes on the executive council
to make it.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

Tor the welfare OF the whole continent.
The Paris conference ended all that.
1t brought the division of Europe out
into the open and set two rival eco
nomlc systems, capitalism and COM
munlsm, competing against each other.
Under the Marshall plan, European
nations must agree to help each other
and draw up a comprehensive audit of
assets as we'll as needs. If they still
need outside help after sharing sur
pluses with their neighbors, the Euro
pean nations could appeal to the
United States. Whatever help they
get from the us. will not be given
plecemeal anymore, but according to a
master plan.
Russian Refusal
Russia refused to participate in the
Marshall plan, charging that it was
designed to make sovereign nations
su~bservient to the US. Russia cracked
her whip and eight satellite nations
within her western bloc did not at
tend the Paris conference even though
some OF them openly desired to.
Those nations are Poland, Yugo-
@slavia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria,
Albania, Finland and Czechoslovakia.
Sixteen nations did participate.
They are Britain, France, Austria,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxem-
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

Bikini Re-check

DikulI NC-SiICSN
Nearly a year after the Bikini tests
of the atomic bomb, the Navy is re-
surveying the bomb site to determine
exactly what happened.
The first job of an expedition which
put into the huge anchorage this
week was to check the roadstead and
beaches for radioactivity. Once it has
been determined conditions are not
dangerous, examination of ships sunk
in the lagoon will begin.
The first ship scheduled for survey
is the old aircraft carrier Saratoga,
which sank in 200 feet of water seven
hours after the underwater explosion
July Is, 1916.
The expedition will take about six
weeks to complete its study of the
long range effects of the aerial and
underwater atomic bomb bursts.
Giant COPPER
The Army Air Forces reported the
first test flight of its XR-10, worlds
largest helicopter, was conducted
successfully at North Wales, Pa.
The AAF says the giant craft, gross
weight almost 1000 pounds, is the
first twin-engined transport-type
helicopter. The two three bladed ro-
tors can be driven by either or both
of the twin 525-horsepower engines.
1t has a 10-passenger capacity in
addition to the pilot and co-pilot or it
can carry six wounded on ~litters. A
hatch opening in the floor is equipped
with a hoist and sling for picking up
or lowering men or cargo while how
ering in the air. It's range is about
$50 miles, top speed well over 100
miles per hour.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
In Short

Won: By Gov. Thomas E. Dewey,
straw poll for COP presidential
nominee at 18th annual Governors
Conference in Salt Lake City; second
Gov. Warren, third Sen. TAFT, fourth
ex-Gov. Stassen.
Sought: By Philip Murray, CLIO
president, court test of constitutionali-
ty Of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act
forbidding union comment in a fed
eral election, by endorsing in the
CIO NeWs a candidate for Congress in
a special Maryland district election.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
The This WEEK
CONGRESS: Getaway Day Near
The Tax Duel

~SN
Next Saturday is scheduled as get
away day for the Both Congress and
the coming week will be a hectic one
on Capitol Hill. Both the President
and leaders of the Republican-domi-
mated Congress have indicated there
will be no special session this fall and
when the legislators convene again
next January, it will be in the super
heated political atmosphere of a pres
idential election year.
President Humans second veto of
the 1900, 0O0, 900 income tax cut
evoked new cries of politics" from
Republicans in their persistent but
fruitless attempts to make good on
campaign pledges.
The current Knutson tax reduction
bill is identical to the one MI. Tru-
mar killed last month except that it
would take effect next January | in
stead of July /, 1947. 1t provides tax
cuts ranging from 80 percent in the
lowest income range to 1O.5 percent
at the top.
Wrong Kind at Wrong Time
In his first veto message, Mr.. Tru-
man called the bill the wrong kind
at the wrong time"
Earlier in the week the Senate
passed the bill by a vote of 60 to 80.
two shy of the two-thirds majority
necessary to override. Senate mem
bership is now IS (the 96th, Theodore
G. Bilbo Of Mississippi, is not yet
SWORN.
All Democratic attempts to amend
the Knutson bill on its second time
up failed-by a narrow margin. The
closest shave was on a proposal to in
crease personal exemptions from $500
to $500. Another proposal would have
permitted husbands and wives
throughout the nation to split their
income for tax purposes. At present
that tax-saving privilege is reserved
for residents of - states with COM
munity property laws.
Politically Popular Program
Republicans claim that next year
the Administration plans to sponsor
legislation designed primarily to lift
the tax load from l~ow-bracket income
workers at the expense of high
bracket groups. Such a program, Re-
publicans predict, would be extreme
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Hot Shots

Q In Dallas, Tex, a man driving q
convertible pulled up beside a bus
stop, emptied a water pistol into the
face of a woman, then sped away.
. In Woodwork, N. D., five town
wags stayed up half one night con-
cocting a flying saucer" planted 1t
on the lawn of a civic leader. Next
morning hundreds focked to the
scene by plane, car and foot. Army
intelligence in Washington ordered it
put under heavy guard and sent to
Fargo security headquarters with "as
little publicity as possible" Govern
ment agencies made inquiries of a
nationally known appliance manufac-
turer, whose name had been painted
on the contraption. The hoax was
contrived from the bottom of a wash
tub, a lamp shade, some radio tubes,
wiring from meteorological instru-
ments, silver paint and an automobile
fan rugged as a propeller.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Greece
Invasion or Revolution?


Ten days ago the rightist Greek
government struck a hard blow at the
Fam, communist = dominated resist
ance movement, by a~rresting 5000
leftist leaders. An Athens COM
munique said the arrests had been
made to forestall a full-scale revolu-
ton, timed for the following day.
This week Athens reported two
"invasions" of guerrillas from Alba
mia and girded its nationalist troops
for what might prove to be two cru
cial battles.
First reports Of an international
brigade" among the invaders were
discounted as rumors, but Athens
protested to the United Nations Sc
curity Council.
Meanwhile, Dwight Griswold, ad-
ministrator Of the U. S. program of
assistance to Greece, landed at Has
sani airport. Before leaving Washing
ton, Griswold said military equip
ment valued at $35, 900 900 was en-
route to Greece under the $500, 000,-
600 aid program.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Super Subs

The Navy is preparing plans for
two radically new submarines, which
will be the worlds fastest and most
revolutionary undersea craft. The
new subs, incorporating latest tech
niques learned from captured enemy
documents, are scheduled for compile
ton in 1851.
They will carry new weapons and
many secret developments, still in the
experimental stage. Many of the de-
vices will not be installed before
1851 to allow for incorporation Of
continuing scientific advances.
Sound has taken a top priority as
a possible substitute for vision, which
is useful only for a few hundred feet
under water, and as a means of n
dersea signaling. But noises in the
ocean depths are forcing Navy re-
searchers to develop whole new tech
niques in order to make sound an eff
fective medium of communication.
Undersea Bedlam
Scientists have found that ocean
depths sometimes are a bedlam of
noise rivaling the busiest streets of a
big city. Some kinds of salt water fish
at times make more noise than sub
way trains. Waves whipped up by the
wind produce undersea noise that
runs a close second to what the fish
can do. Ships and other manmade
noise are a poor third.
The croaker, common fish in the
Chesapeake Bay area, makes a drum
ming noise which reaches a crescendo
about sunset and has been rated as
high as 119 decibels. This is equiva-
lent to the noise of a DC-3 airplane,
largest of the tWo-engine transports.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
|EaLI Prices
Higher

ruE Administration this week
NIT aside fears of a midsum-
business slump to study in
1 ps. the question of whether the
'.t;on's high-riding economy is
essded for an infationary spiral.
1astead of the mild "dip" which
vi government economists once
a""edicted after July l, many now fore
I.st a new and higher plateau of prices
:. August and September
e;vtv million jobs is now a reality
...tead of the title of a book by Henry
wallace. The Census Bureau re-
tor,ed 6 O.o55. 900 civilians working in
Fuas an alltime record for peace or
war.
Vain Presidential Appeal
1r Washington, the President ap-
.e.led directly to coal and steel in
[@fustries to withhold price rises until
f.ir test could be made of the actual
.sects of the wage increases granted
: E.lCIS
toal miners.
Coal operators, however, upped
Unanimous prices from $1.25 to $1.50
L. ton at the mines while anthracite
rricps rose about 20 cents a ton.
Walter r. Thurmond, secretary of
Etne Southern Coal Producers Associa-
tion said it was unfortunate the
President was so poorly advised" as
|to think coal operators could absorb
The increased costs. He estimated con-
|%.nners would have to pay about
|s8Oo 600, 600 additional during the next
|year.
Meanwhile Earl Bunting, president
|ot the National Association of Manu-
tscturers, told a Congressional COM
|mjttee the nation should be able to
|ebsorb this years second round"
Ewsge increases without going on an
|inaationary spiral.
Bunting said he considered it
Famazing" that the death of OPA a
near ago resulted in ''such moderate
price increases"
Battle of the Indexes
The NAM president said his own
fgures show that living costs rose 14.2
Der cent from June to mid-November,
l946, the period of OPA's death and
faltering revival, and another "a per
cont from November to mid-Mav.
The Associated Press wholesale
price index Of IS basic commodities,
showed an increase of 1875
Der cent from June, 1916, to June, 1947.
The Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics
its basic commodities index
fose 22.5 points during the same
period.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Radio
Rotioned Voice

Congressional slashes in State De-
partment funds for Voice of America"
broadcasts will cut out two of the
26 tongues beamed abroad. Swedish
ard Danish languages will be deleted
from the foreign language programs
which, beginning next month, will be
slashed from 81 to IS hours daily.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Quote

Capt. Otto Schneider, German
freighter master who preferred
1reland's plenty to voyages be-
tween Germany and England:
"After we left Southampton and
were in the open sea, I suddenly
decided l could not go back to
ruined, impoverished Germany"
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20

IL u 5 II y =
broWed mine chief
tain is a member of
the AFL's powerful
15-man executive
c ell w h i C h
would play a large
part in selecting a
successor to Presi-
dent William Green,
if the "a year old
Green decides to
retire.
The council meets
in Chicago for 10
dave booippipo Con-
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
People
John LIS Comeback

Resurgence of John l.. Lewis in the
national labor picture, capped by his
spectacular negotiation of record con-
tracts in the coal industry, was high
lighted this week by speculation that
he might become head of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor.
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
East Us. West NOU
Is official at Paris

4 10 arr conference, which this week set up working committees
to draft plans TOR European recovery under the Marshall plan is
n instrument which officially placed on record the split between
asst inc west. Inc split was evident long ago in the hardbitten diplo-
matlc tacucs ABOUT the Big Four council tables but even then there
was a least a pretense Of compromise and of seeking common ground
The Wilmington morning star., 1947-07-20
Dates
Thursday, July "a
Pioneer Day, Utah.
Saturday. .July rs

Saturday, July rs
Congress scheduled to adjourn.
Anniversary (172nd), U. S.
postal system.
Anniversary <second), Clement
R. Attlee as British Prime
Minister, replacing Winston
Churchill.
Birthday (91st), George Ber-
nard Shaw.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04
Here are the facts
By DON sTOFLE

Higher wages cause higher
prices" That's what the adver-
tisements say. It's not a new
line. The whole paid circus Of
the Big Business propaganda
machine has been saying it ever
since the first day a couple OF
workers got together to ask the
boss for more money.
Today Big Business is saying
it with vengeance, to the tune
of few million dollars in news
paper ads, radio time and other
forms of publicity. But million
dollars does not make the state
ment true. It's lie, and dam
gerous one at that!
Why is it dangerous: Simple. 4
Z If higher wages cause higher
prices, then labor has nobody
but itself to blame for the price
gypping we're all taking.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04
Show tie-up between
politics and prices

WASHINGTON FP-Retan prices of living essentials for
the American family 1870 during the year 1916
simple 80 the official
Statistics the U.s. Dept of Labor will
argued all the why's whereores of the employers
they New Year wage demands H.
graphic BIS Summary trends during the first full
that the 1916 living
the years.
there control and administration
mined to keep it working.
During the nation o a called
peacetme of enterprise economy with follow
ing results:
Retail prices overaHup
combined.
Retail food prices s4es 24q
combined.
Wholesale prices overa-up sl compared 1870
combined.
Wholesale food prices-up 500
breakdown of the years price ieup
between politics and prices During the first five
slowly but steadily BIS said ITO higher
costs increased production
lowed under the policy higher
wages in such important industries
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04

BIG BUSINESS conveniently
overlookss the fact that labor
went out for wage increases after
prices had already increased. I'm
der the Little Steel formula.
wages during the war were held
to 1870 increase but us Bureau
of Labor Statistics figures show
the cost of living to have risen at
least 4096 during the war period.
That left labor at least $3.50 IN
der at the end of the war.
Secondly, the major wage in
creases in the last campaign
were in manufacturing indus
tries - yet the biggest and
fastest price increases were In
food, where wage increases
were few and far between.
Most of all Big Business for
gets about the 1905 when labor
organization was at, one of its
lowest GIBBS and there were prac.
tically no large-scale wage strug-
giles. What caused price increases.
Initiation and depression then? At
the time Big Business said it was
caused by everything from sur
spots to plane highways which
is almost as good as. the present
"wages-prices" bunk
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04
Here are the facts
Is il true what thew saw
about wages and prices?

peting against each other, we
find that a few giant corporations
control the bulk of the American
market and maintain or increase
prices pretty much as they see
fit. AS a result more and more
money lines fewer and fewer
pockets.
1t is these same American
monopolists, with their artifi-
cialIy maintained prices, who
hOIler IOudest about higher
wages causing higher prices"
and who Increase the price of
their products 500 to .eom-
pensate" for wage increase
OF 1870.
Research figures show that the
last wage increases totaled So
billion. Price increases totaled
S27 billion, Somewhere along the
line is more than $24 billion in
price increases the boys haven't
accounted for with their higher
wages cause higher prices" pitch!
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04

If the statement is true, there
is no purpose in having unions
except to get clean Mushrooms.
For, come what may, any in
crease we get will be matched
with new high prices before we
can say Gimme dozen eggs"
This miIIiOn-dOllar statement
tries to put the finger on un-
ion labor for the initiation and
depressiOns caused by Big Bust
ness itself. But recent history
shows that the prices Of many
products have gone down while
wages increased. In 1885, for
example. standard model cleo
tric refrigerator cost Sl95, ac-
eOrding to former OPA head
Chester A. BOwles. Six years
later a greatly improved model
cost S172.5O. YET WAGES IN
THE INDUSTRY HAD GONE
UT ESQ!
THE price would fail, instead
of just tending tending to, if
there actually were the free
competition Big Business likes
to talk about. But as the recent
studies of the Smaller Wan
Plants Corp. show, 10th century
u. S. business is monopoly-con.
trolled. Instead of flock of lit
tie or medium sized guys COM
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1947-01-04
How Chicago can get
a free senior coneqe

Free education for those a0Io it and need it is
American ideal. 1t embodied By President Rooseue
"Econonic Bill of Rights"
But in Chicago that ideal is Hoarted By the absence
senior college Today the battle for such institution
shape IN city, This chart tells hoav it be aoon
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1947-01-23
HANCOCK CLUB

The monthly meeting of the Han
cock Homemaker's Club was held
at the home of Mrs. Edgar Henry,
Wednesday afternoon, January Is.
There were fourteen members and
four visitors present.
Mrs. V. o. Wallace, president of
the Washington County Council of
Homemaker's Clubs was in charge
of the installation of officers.
The music chairman reviewed the
Birth of Stephen Foster" and the
story of the painting, "Green Corn"
was given by the art chairman. Miss
Ardath Martin, Home Demonstra-
ton Agent then displayed a number
of attractive house dresses, designed
by the Bureau of Home Economics.
A social hour followed with re-
freshments served by the hostess.
The next meeting will be held at
the home of Mrs. Eugene Faith,
Wednesday February 10.