davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1947-07-13
De GuuIIe's Formula

Charles de Gaulle occupies unique
position in frances national life. He was
the head and guiding spirit of the resist
ance movement against the German occu-
patton. He was the first provisional Pres
ident of the nascent Fourth Republic.
Finally, he Is today the leader of move
ment, the so-called Rally of the French
People, dedicated to giving France new
constitution emphasizing political stability
and a strong executive.
It is Elm this threefold capacity that
M. de Gaulle has just announced what
amounts to formula for a restored and
revitalized Europe. While embodying the
essence of what he has previously urged, 1t
Is expressed with unusual franknesS and
comes at an opportune moment, when the
European nations, under the initiative Of
France and Britain, are striving to work
out plan for mutual self-help in order to
qualify for American aid in their joint re-
construction.
M. de Gaulle sees Europe shaken to Its
foundations, yet still. the fountainhead OF
western civilization with great recupera-
tive powers if they can be properly mobi-
lized. This mobilization must be moral as
we'll as material the goal being the crea-
ton of new solidarity which will attract
those nations and peoples who believe IN
the principles of liberty and human rights
This task must be primarily led by France
and Britain, with the generous help OF the
United States. If successful, 1t will make
OF historic Europe makeweight and factor
of equilibrium between the growing rivalry
of the two leading powers in the world
the United States and Soviet Russia.
De Gaulle pulls no punches in his char
acterization of the Soviet Union and its
ideology For him, the ,totalitarianism OF
Moscow is as great a menace to the same
rights and liberties as that of Nazi Ger
many. Unless this new menace, which has
already extended its power over much OF
the continent and which dynamicaly
moves forward, is overcome, Europe, as
by physical law, must sooner or later be
absorbed by hegemony under which its
genius and light would disappear. As
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Brine the Agencies Home

When the Government, as wartime
measure, began moving a number of Fed
eral offices out of Washington to make
room for emergency agencies, it was def
nitely understood that the moves were to
be only for the duration of'the war. There
should be no question now as to the pro-
priety or the desirability of bringing these
decentralized groups back to their rightful
home-Washington The Senate Appro-
priations Committee, in approving a
100000 appropriation for the return here
of nine scattered agencies, has taken
proper action to see that the Government
keeps faith with the "exiled" employees.
The request of the Public Buildings Ad-
ministration for the Repatriation" fund
received rough treatment in the House.
This, apparently was because PBA had
failed to accompany its request with suff1-
cient details concerning the plans for re-
turning the nine agencies. Lacking a
specific program on which to base full
consideration of the proposal, the House
knocked the item from the independent
Offices appropriation bill. Whether there
was any other motivation is not known.
There have been reports, however, of a
reluctance on the part of some of the cities
playing host to the visiting agencies to
see them leave And some of the employees
themselves have bought homes in their new
location and would prefer to remain where
they are, 1t is said.
But the decentralized agencies belong
at the seat of Government. The PBA
has completed plans for returning the
nine in question. They are the Securities
and Exchange Commission and the Immi-
grafton and Naturalization Service, now in
Philadelphia the Veterans Administration
Actuarial Office and the Employees Com
pensation Bureau, in New York City;
National Park Service, Indian Affairs,
Fish and Wildlife Service and part of
Interiors Personnel Office, all in Chicago,
and the Civil Service Commissions Fourth
Region Office, in Winston-Salem, North
Carolina Congress should insist that
these and other temporarily evicted agen-
cies be brought back here as soon as
practicable
Evening star., 1947-07-13

for the world, It's only destiny would be an
immense and objectionable war"
Following this diagnosis, De Gaulle sets
forth a specific program for Europes re-
generation. This falls under four main
categories: % The genuine integration
Of historic Europe; CD adequate American
aid; (3) a real agreement" between
France and Britain on all vital points,
including Germany; a. the recovery OF
France, which, in the last analysis must
come from within itself.
1t is interesting to observe how similar
in basic viewpoint this formula OF De
GaulIes is with that of another great
European, Winston Churchill. Both en-
visage a revival of historic Europe as a
necessity, not only for itself but also for
the world at large
Evening star., 1947-07-13

the leaders Of which hold the same views that
were held by the Tories Of 76 and the Federal
lists of 1900. s'' The aims and purposes Of the
N. A. D. c. are to urge and encourage our
people to organize societies. as they did IN
1893, under Jefferson, and to take charge
themselves Of our countrys affairs"
Quoting st. Nicholas Magazine, The Star for
July 3, 1897, recalled that: an 1871, at q
celebration held in New York
Ten Thousand in honor Of Prof. Samuel
A.o r. b. Morse, the original
~ S"@s instrument invented by him
was exhibited, connected at that moment by
wire with every one of the 10000 instruments
then In use in the country. At signal
message from the inventor was sent vibrating
throughout the United States, and was read
at the same time in every city from New York
to New Orleans and San Francisco"
Featured In The Star on July I, 1897, was
story of more than average human interest
value concerning Mr.. and
BodFdmon Mrs. william John Board
H.dd;rn Tou, man, newly welded natives
-" Of East Richmond, Va, who
came to Washington on their honeymoon with
less money than they needed to pay the ex-
penses Of such an expedition The young couple,
wholly ignorant of the responsibilities Of mar
ried life" spent their last 81 for carriage hire,
then desperately applied to q policeman for
help. And the policeman, kind of heart. intro
duced them to O clerk at the Howard House
who, when informed Of their plight, promptly
declared: II won't see them suffer for q place
to sleep tonight nor shall they go hungry!
The following morning Sanitary Ofhcer Frank
assumed charge Of the visitors, gave Mr.. Board
man q lecture on the dangers of travelling
unprovided with cash and, having completed
the sermon, supplied him with tickets to take
him and his bride home, wiser but probably
not sadder.
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Soviet Living Standards
Pay of American Wor<men Will Buy Ten Times as Much
as the Income of Russian Employe
By Stefan Andrevs

The standard Of living of the average Amert-
can today-in terms of weekly wages and what
they will buy-still is almost 10 times higher
than that Of the average Russian worker.
Two years after the war, the Russian govern
ment provides the average Soviet worker with
a wage that will buy only one-tenth the food
and commodities the average American can
purchase with his weekly salary.
These twoR conclusions emerge from an off,
cial study of Soviet prices and wages released
last week by the Labor Department. The
study was prepared by Joseph Mintzes and
Irving B. Kravis, researchers on foreign labor
conditions. aided by Edmund Nash, the de-
partment's expert on Russian affairs.
Although the three experts refrain from
making a direct comparison OF Russian-Ameri
can living standards, the study presents seven
tables of Moscow's ofdcial food prices, showing
that the purchasing power Of Soviet wage-earn-
ers has tumbled sharply since the war.
While prices of food have scared an average
of 1856 per cent, wages of workers have gone up
only Is per cent, the study shows. Since last
September, the average weekly wage has
climbed from 400 to about 500 rubles.
In the same period, the price Of black bread
increased 240 per cent, sugar 1876 per cent,
milk 200 per cent beef ia per cent and butter
1876 per cent.
Compared with the $50-a-week salary of the
average American factory worker, here Is what
the Russian workers weekly wage will buy IN
terms of the following basic foods:
Bread-The Russian worker can buy 23
loaves of bread with his 120-ruble weekly salary.
The American worker can buy at least 800
loayes of bread with his $50-a-week salary.
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Fifty Years Ago

The Star on July g. 1897, commented upon
the publication Of several hundred letters from
the suppressed correspondence
kopoIeon's files of Napoleon Bonaparte.
what is called glory as applied
-e'e's to (him) ,"Sit remarked, rs the
glory of war. He ranks with the greatest
captains Of all the ages. Some writers rate
him as the greatest soldier that ever took the
field. But the record as made up from his
oxn acts and explanations and confessions does
not allow for any other kind of glory Tor him.
The instruments he used In forwarding MS
ends show the entire absence of all moral
restraint in the man. Both Fouche and IaAey-
rand were revolving specimens tnougn
each was gifted in his particular line OF
activity. Both were kept busy by their master.
Through them he prosecuted, deceived
and at last ruined many astute people ana
wrote some of the blackest chapters IN all
human annals" Sounds like an indictment
of Hitler, doesn't ita Or maybe Stain?
Under this caption, The Star of July B, 1897,
printed the text of Fourth Of July speech
delivered at the Grand Opera
'FIorid House by Lawrence Gardner
E,oo.ene.' secretary Of the National As
-'oass"~e sociation Of Democratic Clubs
in which the orator argued: while that bell
(at.Independence HalD was yet ringing
a band of men, the aristocrats and plutocrats
of that day, were gathered on the street corners
under the very shadow Of that statehouse
bewailing the action of the patriotic Congress
in taking such bold step. They de-
pounced the leader and his compatriots as
Socialists as theorists and disturbers OF the
common peace. They were appalled, that the
plain people would dare take such step.
The same spirit and sentiment has descended
In our days to the so-called Republican Party
Evening star., 1947-07-13
EIectronic Eyes for Planes

President Trumans Air Safety Board
has answered, in its third interim report,
the often-heard question as to why COM
mercial airliners are not equipped with
radar proximity indicators" The answer
is that until recently airborne radar for
civil aviation use had not been developed
to point warranting compulsory installa-
ton But the board believes that the
electronic "eyes" are now satisfactory
enough"-as regards both simplicity and
cost-to justify an order requiring all pas
senger planes to be equipped with them.
The radar recommendation was coupled
with another suggestion designed to avoid
mountain crashes of the type which cost
fifty lives near Leesburg last month. The
second recommendation was that air
liners be prohibited from flying under the
two thousand foot level at night or In
overcast while passing over mountainous
terrain. The present rule permits descent
to the ne-thousand-foot level. Although
the board did not say these suggestions
were based on it's studies of the Blue Ridge
tragedy, the inference would be a logical
one Certainly radar might have averted
that accident If poor visibility was the
cause-as has been indicated. And main
tenance of a two-thousand-foot altitude
would have enabled the plane to clear the
Observation-Disclosures ridge, radar or
no radar.
Since the -thousand-foot minimum
Is no guarantee of safety where higher
mountains may be present, airborne radar
can be of great aid to pilots forced to fly
blind in dangerous territory. The board
learned firsthand of the remarkable capa-
bilities of this device during a recent
demonstration of one type of equipment
developed for airline use by Howard
Hughes. The instrument warns the pilot
when he approaches too close for safety
to a mountain or other obstruction. 1t
also gives him an electronic altitude
.sounding" to supplement baronetric alti-
Evening star., 1947-07-13
New Attitude on Neutrality

from ths New York Sun -. ,,-,... , for re,,i eioy.
The request by President Truman iof reVsion
Of the neutrality law may not, in the present
state of world affairs create the storm that at
tended the proposal for a grant to his prede-
cessor of similar powers over the export OF arms
and munitions For one thing the country
learned as scrap iron, oil and other fodder tor
Japans war machine flowed to the Orient, that
1t often is undesirable to put nations foreign
policy in a straitjacket. 1t found, too, IN the
case of Italy and Spain, that an infexible
statute can cause a neutral to play favorites
contrary to the basic intent of the law. Most
important of all, it found that maintaining
neutrality in all conditions is no certain way
Of avoiding trouble. Since the '30's the Ameri-
can concept. like that of the rest Of the world.
has changed. Aggression must be nipped in the
bud. It simply hourishes under appeasement
Evening star., 1947-07-13
What Do We Mean by Tough?

If by tough policing" it is meant that
we do not want soft policing" then
Representative Dirksen is correct in his
choice OF the former term to describe a
desirable type of police work in Washing
ton.
But if tough policing is used in its
absolute, and not relative sense, we should
have a clearer definition of what we do
mean by tough policing"
Not so many years ago-in the summer
of 1931-President Hoover's Wickersham
Commission came out with report which
unfolded a story of systematized police
brutality in many cities of the United
States The commission, asserting its duty
was to lay the naked, ugly facts" before
the public, produced volume entitled
"LaWlessness In Law Enforcement" and
recited at least hundred cases of con-
LESSONS extorted by barbaric third-degree
methods.
Publication of the volume Influenced a
notable change in what up to that time
had been accepted methods of police work.
Here In Washington it led to a grand jury
investigation in which the FIJI, at the
direction of the President, took promi-
nent part in producing evidence. Eighteen
policemen, including three headquarters
detectives and two precinct detectives,
were indicted Some seventy cases of
beatings we're uncovered. For months the
police department. was under investigation
from many angles. A shakeup, involving
suspensions and transfers of personnel,
followed.
Here and throughout the country the
public became highly conscious of the
slovenly and stupid type of police work
that may so easily become hidden under
a reputation for being tough" Nobody
wants a return in Washington, or any
where else, to that type of tough" policing.
And we should be very sure that the eleva-
ton to the superintendency of Major
Robert ]. Barrett, who was himself in
voved in the third d-degree scandals of 1881,
and who enjoys a reputation as tough"
policeman, is not interpreted by the men
on the beats and in the precincts as de-
layed vindication of a school of police
theory that has been thoroughly discredited
In public thinking. In fairness to Major
Barrett, it is not believed that he advocates
any such Interpretation.
Both the Senate and the House District
Committees seem conscious of the desir-
ability Of some investigation of the police
department. Chairman Dirksen has in
itiated some inquiries which have a sig
nihcant purpose. The Senate group gets
to work tomorrow. Periodic overhauls of
the police department in Washington have
been accepted as normal throughout its
history and some of them accomplish
lot of good The last investigation here
by congressional committee, six years
ago. produced number of results, includ-
ing the strengthening of some statutes
and the formation Of the Police Academy
which have been good.
In the hands of the Senate subcommittee
chosen to begin its inquiry tomorrow the
public may expect an investigation which
will avoid any trial by innuendo and slur
and will be directed to getting at the truth
of a number of conditions which require
cold and Unconditional analysis before
Judgment Is formed.
Evening star., 1947-07-13

sugar-The Russian workers can buy about
II pounds Of sugar with his full weeks pay
The q. s. worker can buy more than 6O0
pounds with his weeks pay.
Milk-The Russian worker would splurge his
entire weeks pay on 16 quarts Of milk The
American wage-earner could buy ITS quarts
and still have some change coming.
Beef-The Russian worker would be able to
buy less than 10 pounds Of meat with his full
weeks income The American worker could
buy 81 pounds OF beef with his wages
Butter-The Russian worker can buy at most
four pounds of butter in Moscow with his
seven days pay. The American worker can buy
at least 10 pounds with his pay and still have
some to spare.
These comparisons, according to officials,
bear out the sharp astonishment Of Russian
soldiers at the high standard Of living in even
the inferior capitalistic countries" in Europe
which they visited during the war.
The trend Of the Russian standard Of living,
rather than going upward, has been going
sharply downward since the war. There is
good evidence that the actual increase in prices
paid for rationed goods Is even somewhat higher
now than 1876 per cent, the study says
Researcher .Mintzes, however, points out that,
to be fair on all points it is necessary to bear
in mind that the U. S. s. R. was considerably
damaged during the war and its economy to
large extent destroyed by the German invasion.
A considerable part Of the decrease in the
Russian standards of living may be due to the
strenuous Job Of reconstruction and the deter
mination of the Russian government to speed
the output of production goods at the expense
of consumer goods.
fkerfh American Newspaper Allionee)
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Patience Still Needed

AS Senator George has declared, 1t Is
"a bad move at bad time" for bipartisan
minority group in Congress to agitate for
a drastic revision of the United Nations
One element in the group would have the
President take the lead in drive to modify
the Big Five veto or eliminate it entirely.
Another would have him try to prevail
upon other countries to set up kind OF
world government, with legislative, judi
cial and enforcement branches. No matter
how sound they may be in principle, how
ever, both ideas-especially the one for a
world government-fail to take into
account the present realities initiating
against them.
Looked at as matter Of pure theory,
of course, there Is much to be said for
modifying the veto or even eliminating it.
Indeed, as far as atomic control Is con-
cerned, the United States, with the back
ing of other nations, Is already striving
to have it suspended. But up to now the
Russians have agreed to its suspension
only in very limited sense, and they Ger
tainly have made it clear that they do not
want its slightest modification in other
fields. Accordingly for the President to
press for it would be merely to press for
what is unattainable in the United Nations
at this time-a basic Charter amendment
requiring the unanimous support of the
Big Five.
The simple fact is that the Soviet Union
has the right and power to veto, and would
veto, any effort to do away with the
oS4iy {fVyv {c fv1l
In the extreme that our own country
given international affairs as they are
would find 1t to its interest to undertake
the effort. AS for world government, the
ideal seems completely out Of reach at this
point in history. If the United Nations,
which involves only minor surrender OF
sovereignty, is difficult to make effective,
how can any one suppose that single,
overall global rule could now be sub
stituted for 1t? Such rule, If it is ever
to come, will have to come by slow stages,
evolving out of the u. N. evidently,
it cannot be created speedily and all at
once.
To be sure, Russian policy may yet force
a reorganization of the United Nations
without Soviet membership. But Senator
Hickenlooper, who agrees with Senator
George, Is right in declaring that it would
be premature for the United States to
insist upon that reorganization now. The
u N. is only two years old. 1t is full of
tension enough already without being sub
jected to the further tension of moves like
those proposed by some Congressman. Such
moves may have to be made eventually, but
this is hardly the time for them The world
is still feeling its way in an extremely diff
cult period. There is neetfor continued
hope and patience. No good can be accom-
plished by abandoning them at this stage.
Evening star., 1947-07-13

tude readings which are not always reli-
able. It is possible, of course, that neither
radar nor higher altitude minimum
would have prevented the Virginia crash
A downdraft or a mechanical or pilot
failure could nullify nearly any safety
measure. But If even one future fatal
accident will be prevented by carrying out
the boards recommendations, the effort
will be well worth while
Evening star., 1947-07-13

If Russians keep on announcing that
European nations which accept American
money are selling their freedom, 1t is just
barely possible that we can shut of the
money, if they don't want it, without be-
ing drowned in flood of tears from Amert-
can taxpayers.
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Looking Ahead


The Greek aid program is developing two
big quirks which can mean another too
little too late" in the minds of the more I'M
patient presidential advisers.
One has to do with food. The other with
STEEL
Greek crops are dangerously low this year
on account of first extreme winter cold and
later drought. It may mean that Greece will
have to spend $4,000 900 more on importing
food this year. That will bite unpleasantly
into the American loan, much Of which Is
needed for other consumer goods and recon-
struction.
So far State Department economists have
made no concrete decisions on just what Greek
reconstruction needs must come first. Most
of them will want Steel and steel Is short.
American steel is exported only when the
Commerce Department okays the export
licenses Those Commerce Department okays
are made by quarters, and there already are
more than enough requests to cover the steel
that can be approved for export up to Sep
tember. If the Greek needs have to wait for
fourth h-quarter export allocations 1t could be
late this year. or early next before steel PROD
ucts begin to unload at Greek docks.
The last top-level Washington conference
hung on that hook. The impatient ADVISERS
left still with no concrete reconstruction pro-
gram for Greece.
Evening star., 1947-07-13

The saucers that give the most trouble
are not floating around in the sky They
are in the sink, waiting to be washed, not
watched
Evening star., 1947-07-13

Let us hope that the daylight that people
are saving is being put to better use than
that Of complaining about daylight saving
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Income Yares

Look for another big battle over income tax
cuts in Congress next January
Regardless Of whether the present Knutson
bill is passed over President Trumans veto,
Democratic Congressman are planning to plump
next year for legislation providing larger cuts
in low-income brackets
It will be Democratic strategy I'm election
year) to contend that theirs is the right KIND
of bill at the right time"
Democratic opponents of the Republican bill
have made two main arguments: Cd Tax-cut-
ting should be delayed until better picture OF
Government surplus can be obtained; q, small
income groups should be given greater tax
relief than the COP measure provides.
Evening star., 1947-07-13

Veterans given automobiles as compensation
for the loss Of a leg will not have to count
Evening star., 1947-07-13
Air WGrnines

The Civil Aeronautics Administration Is
drawing up minimum specifications tor m
electronic warning device to meet the recon-
mendation Of President Trumans special air
safety inquiry board that some such device
be required Immediately for transport planes.
A number Of such devices are on the market.
AmhnfeeS' TaxeS