davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-08
Letters to The Star
Differs With Mr.. Fowler's View
OF Teaching Profession

To the Editor Of The Star:
The following is in regard to the arti-
Gle in The Star for March 81, giving a
teachers pay bill:
Mr. Fowler's comparisons, while based
on facts, appear to me to be very mis-
leading to the general public.
l. He compares teachers with clasSi-
fled employees of the District, without
also comparing the professional prep
aration required for teachers-a mini
mum of four years; and many Volun-
tarily have become better qualified with
out any more pay. Could MI. Fowler
tell us what percentage of classified
employees must have similar training?
He compares teachers salaries with
salaries received by attorneys, physl-
clans and other professional employees
implying that, although in some cases
teachers may receive as much as they
they do not deserve as much. Is teach
ing a profession, or, in Mr.. Fowler's
estimation is it work calling for no more
skill, preparation Or pay than the clas-
sified employees whom he says earn less
than some of the teachers?
2 Then in the comparison of pay per
diem, using 177l2 days per annum, does
he take into consideration that teachers
still have to live the rest of the year
during which they receive no money?
To be sure, Mr.. Fowler states that they
may make additional money during the
summer months! Many of them must
resort to this in order to earn enough to
cover the increased cost of living here
Why the breakdown into day and hour
pay, anyway? 1t would be more fair
to compare annual salaries of similarly
qualified employees, as all have to live
and pay their bills on an annual basis.
g. When Mr. Fowler breaks the per
diem pay down to per hour, it is to laugh
without mirth! AS if a teacher can walk
in with the children, take her hat off
and begin; then walk out as they leave
at the end of the school day! If Mr.
Fowler does not know any more about
a teachers lob than this, I cannot feel
that he is very well qualified to Judge
the amount Of pay they deserve How
ever using his own figures of s278 an
hour, and l77i2 days per annum, and
multiplying it by just one hour of over
time each day (Which is far less than
that averaged by any teachers of my
acquaintance you get s492, which comes
very near the amount being asked by
the teacher organizations
A TEACHER.
Evening star., 1946-04-08

basis of our foreign policy. The Amer
lean people took on responsibilities by
demanding that the Government take
the lead in preserving world peace by
all notwithstanding coercion-When
they ordered their representatives in
the Senate TO vote for the San Fran
cisco Charter. 1t has been made fully
clear to them that the United Nations
may require the use of forces against
any peace breaker, regardless of whether
1t was large or small nation. They
have lndorsed the thesis that peace
must be maintained, even if We have
TO fight again.
The government has accepted these
instructions but finds itself today in a
worse predicament than heretofore
The American land and air forces
have dWindled to token force" When
Secretary of State Byrnes talks sternly
about Would-be aggressors being brought
to book if they don't behave, he is fully
aware that there is no strong arm to
back his words Should Russia wish to
defy the principles of the United Ma
tions she knows that she has the men,
the planes and the tanks to do what
ever she desires
\ X
Thus, while RuSsias armies remain
strong and the forces of her satellites
are rapidly being brought up to war
strength and being instructed by war
experienced Red officers, the American
armies are getting weaker every day.
Because many members of the House
and Senate seem to look at the respon-
Slbllities assumed by this country in the
same light as an electoral platform even
the token force we possess today is
threatened with disintegration
The actions of certain elements in the
Army, together with the propaganda Of
the SubVerslVe groups, have caused a
serious slowing down of enEStmentS.
Because Of the forthcoming elections,
many members of Congress are hesitant
to approve temporary extension of the
SelectlVe Service Act. They have voted
overwhelmingly for the San Francisco
Charter and all the responsibilities it
implies. But they show considerable
reluctance when it comes to providing
the Government with the WhereWithal
to meet these Obligations
On the side of the nations which be-
lleVe that the satisfaction of their selfish
national aims must take priority over
the Golden Rule of the United Nations
there are about 10000 900 fully trained
and Well-equipped men. On the side
of the nations which have placed their
faith in the San Francisco principles
there is less than one-ffth that number.
This disproportion may be further re-
duced if the Selective Service Act is not
EXTENDED unta the present emergency
is over
Evening star., 1946-04-08

political, strategical, or economic nature
including the desire to exploit natural
resources, or obtain any sort of advan-
tages and privileges on the territory of
another state, no references to Consider
able capital investments or other special
interests in a given state, or the alleged
absence OF certain attributes OF state
organization in given country, shall be
accepted as justification OF aggression.
Nor do the following situations in
gwen state. such as political. reVolu-
tlOnary or counter-revolutlonary move
ments, civil war or disorders or strikes,
or the establishment IN any state OF
any particular political, economic or
social order"
On these terms you can't make war on
state because its Fascist, capitalist
Communist. liberal. radical backward
conservative, or anything else. You
can't support armed independency or
ounter-lndependence movements, or
back up secessionism or antisecession-
ism by force
know the Soviets broke these treaties
themselves. in 1889 and thereafter But
Mr.. LitvlnoV had a good idea. Just get
universal ratification Of this definition
and armies, navies or air forces have no
conceivable use. Every nation. having
agreed to these principles of nonaggres-
sion. would become an aggressor the mo-
ment it built one tank or one bomber
And include in this definition of aggres-
sion prohibition against any state.
or any instrument supported by any
state, directing, influencing, or subsidiZ-
ing movements or parties within another
state
This wouldn't mean "one world 1t
would only mean mo war A state
could be liberal or conservative, back
ward or radical, and it would be no
other states business unless it started
building tanks or bombing planes. and
manufacturing bombs, atomic or plain.
But if no government could keep its
people in chains by painting the bogey
of ring Of enemies We might move
rapidly toward wider freedom
Well, it was a Soviet idea, and a good
one. If the Soviets have moved toward
reaction while the Western World is
catching up with Mr. Litvinov, no nation
can move faster backward or forward
than the Soviets, so why not forward
again-and We with them?
It's amazing how friendly and toler-
ant every one can be with every one else,
if none are too intimate, nor afraid of
being socked on the nose. 1t doesn t
even hurt to talk tough--if the old
child's taunt holds: Seedlings don't
hurt, lickings don't last, and kill me
You dassn't."
(Released by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1946-04-08
Byrnes Keeps His Head
Br Rnym ond NJ olev

The victory of the u N in the Iran
ian question is also ajor triumph for
Secretary of State Byrnes. His prestige
here and abroad has been advanced, as
was Secretary Hull's at the Moscow
meeting in 1943. Political criticism at
home will be silent at this point for no
opposition politician can say he would
have followed course unlike that taken
by Mr. Byrnes. The Byrnes position met
all the elements demanded by those
who criticized him after the London
meeting, three months ago He has been
firm. constant, friendly and shrewd.
Most of all, he has been good hu-
mored It is very hard to pick quarrel
with Jimmy Byrnes. His colleagues in
the House and Senate learned that over
many years. He will listen to the op-
positions case and will attempt to
soften it by mild banter He never irri-
tates by attributing mean or low mo-
tives to his opponents. His mind is quick,
rather than profound. He is master in
the art of compromise. But when
question has been settled, his opponents
have always found that Mr.. Byrnes has
dCHleVeQ 1dlT measure Ol WldI ne
wanted in the first place. Mostly, he
wins agreement by man-to-man talks,
rarely by public oratory. He reserves
his speeches to point up what he has
been saying in cloakrooms, private Of
fees and other casual contacts. The
full story will never be told of how
many legislative mistakes he prevented
by good humor and private argument.
X x X
In this great test of the U. N. Council,
he won all his points. The policy he laid
out for our State Department was to
bet everything on the U. N. Russia was
to be shown that the United States was
squarely and permanently behind the
Evening star., 1946-04-08

management, agriculture and, not
least of ALL the Government itself
fail to guard adequately against the
ever-present, ever-pressing danger
of an initiation that could wreck our
potential prosperity.
AS far as the Government goes,
price and other controls will have
to be exercised with wisdom and
discernment, to be applied only
where they are needed. where de-
mand still far exceeds supply or
where they do not actually inhibit
the building up of supply. Given
that, given minimum of strikes and
a maximum of production, which is
the key necessity, the heartening
prospect painted by Mr.. Snyder and
the President can be a reality and
American prosperity in the years
ahead can have a base more solid
than the fleeting prosperity of the
192Os.
Evening star., 1946-04-08

work out the drafts, have for some
time been stalemated over such COM
plex and explosive questions as the
disposition of Trieste and the Ital-
ian colonies. Thus, Russian insist
ence on being granted an exclusive
trusteeship over Tripolitania and its
position favoring the YugoSlavS as
regards Trieste, together with other
inter-Allied differences, have so
begged down the drafting process
that there may be no preliminary
treaty ready for Italy in time for the
general conferences consideration
on May l. Possibly some texts will
be drawn up on one or two Of the
other defeated powers, but there is
no assurance even of that, so that
unless Mr. Byrnes proposal succeeds
in accelerating action, the confer
ence may have little or no business
to discuss if it meets as scheduled.
Frankly acknowledging that he is
much distressed by the slow prog
ress made by our deputies" MIR.
Byrnes now would have Foreign
Ministers Molotov, Bevin and Bi
dault confer with him during the
week preceding May in an effort to
resolve the present major points of
disagreement. There can be no
question of the desirability of avoid
ing delay. The sooner such issues
as Trieste are settled in treaty form
the sooner will serious international
irritants be removed, and the sooner
will Europe and the world at large
move into that period when the
peace can be genuinely stabilized.
Evening star., 1946-04-08

new world organization. There we're to
be no emissaries to Moscow, no re-
course to the Big Three, no Truman ap-
peals to Stain. This was essential to
strong start for the U. N.
Mr.. Byrnes was also determined to
preserve the equality of states before
the high court of the Council. The
big powers the Egyptian delegate said,
have seen eye to eye with the smaller
nations"
Moreover, Mr.. Byrnes, by implication
has shown that when smaller nations
have complaints against Britain. France
or the United States, their cases can be
presented, just as Iran presented its
case against Russia. The precedent now
established will 60 far in freeing the
world from coercion and threats every
where. There are other issues than the
mere removal of military forces from
small nations. There is the promise of
the Atlantic Charter and other pro-
nouncements that the highways of trade
and the natural resources of the world
shall be available to all under reasonable
conditions. They may well be the next
job of the U. N.
A big shift in British opinion toward
Russia no doubt had a decisive influ-
ence on the negotiations Foreign Min
lister Bevin has departed from the trucu-
lence of his dealings with the Russians
at the London meetings in January. The
London Daily Mail says editorially, about
the recent outcome of the controversy
There should be a renewed attempt to
understand the Russian point Of view
and to Danish the fears and suspicious
which are at the bottom of her search
for security"
Secretary Byrnes has made the way
clear for such an attempt
(Reeased by The Associated Newspapers, Inc J
Evening star., 1946-04-08
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Br0apu

The uncertain and threatening situa-
ton in the four corners of the world
is likely to find the United States un-
prepared for the role it has voluntarily
assumed as leader Of the nations which
are striving to bring about a lasting
peace.
Diplomatically this country should be
in better position than it was before
Pearl Harbor. But the diplomatic game
is no longer being played behind closed
doors. All the cards are on the table
and the American policy trainers would
be guilty of being naive if they did not
see that there is still one group of
nations which believes in the might of
the sword and gives only lip service to
the principles subscribed to by 81 ma
tlonS at San Francisco last summer.
The United Nations gained a moral
victory last week in New York. The
Soviet government, however, got the
oil lands it desired and unless the
reports from Teheran are entirely
erroneous, new political and social
set up following the Well-known Moscow
line must be expected in Iran within
the next few months.
After having INDUCED for many
months in a policy of appeasement the
White House and the State Department
have become convinced that the con-
tlnuatlon of such a policy is fraught
with greater dangers for the peace of
the world than clear and frank talk
The activities of American diplomats
are, however, greatly handicapped by
their aWareness that Americas armed
forces are getting weaker every day
and there is little force TO support their
words.
For instance, there are increasing in
dications that Marshal Tito may jump
The gun and violate the Morgan line,
which has been drawn by agreement
among all the interested parties as
neutral zone until such time as a peace
treaty with Italy establishes the coun-
trys future boundaries. From eight to
ten fully equipped Yugoslav divisions,
backed by large reserves, are facing
two depleted American-BritiSh divisions
which have few reserves The Yugo-
slav problem is considered today to
be the most serious menace to peace
in Europe. The State Department de-
mandS that the agreements reached
last summer should be strictly observed,
but it realizes that because of the weak
ness OF the police forces in the
neutral zone they may be overrun by
a YugoslaV attack which would place
the handful Of American soldiers in
a tragic situation.
The American forces are stationed
in that zone in accordance with inter-
national agreements which form the
Evening star., 1946-04-08
$500 Raise Not Enough

To the Editor Of The Star:
So the House of Representatives has
voted a fat s400 pay raise for Federal
employees.
For several days prior to this vote we
had heard that an 1872 per cent raise
was being considered favorably and
probably would pass. At last, we felt
that fair treatment was to be accorded
us and that We were to be placed on a
basis approaching that of private indus
try. How naive!
From the talk going around We had
vague idea that an effort was going
to be made TO attract more capable men
to fill the higher Government positions
or to hold the good men already in such
positions by granting reasonable in
creases in pay. not, of course, even ap-
preaching the pay levels of big business
We find, however, that under the 49,
per cent plan, very few positions would
command salaries in excess of $4,000 a
year. Here We tread on holy ground for
that is the salary paid a Congressman
OF course, no mere job holder is worth
as much as a Congressman. 1t is un-
thinkabe. At this point I would like to
state that there are quite few good
men in Congress and then there are the
others At any rate, TO save argument,
l believe that most people feel that a
good Congressman is worth more than
$4,000, and I imagine that most of the
Congressman feel the same way but
haven't got courage enough to give
themselves a raise for fear of a slap on
fortitude rises to new heights, however,
when they stand up firmly and declare
that with respect to the Federal en-
ploye and the $4,000 limit, They shall
not pass!'
Somewhat less than year ago. In a
magnanlmous gesture, overtime became
payable at true time -and "a half rates
No doubt it was mere coincidence that
almost Immediately thereafter overtime
generally was abolished in the Federal
service. OF course, up to that time We
also received time and half for over
time, that's a joke, son." Well, they
called it that, anyhow. Actually, it
closely approximated straight time.
When true time-and-a-half rates for
overtime went into effect we also were
given very moderate base-pay raise
OF course, the overtime almost imme-
diately was taken away and then we
were getting somewhat less than before
the raise The cost of living didn't
come down little to compensate 1t
went the other direction and has been
climbing continually ever since.
A lot of the noise we hear in WASH
ington is made by Congressman bowling
for the abolition of price controls.
wonder if they are the ones who were
against the 1872 per cent raise.
OF course. I suppose we Federal en-
ployes shouldn't expect much. Our
lobby df such we have) apparently is
woefully weak as compared with the
many others in operation here We must
just sit back and wait for square deal
that never comes.
A Congressman made statement the
other day to the effect that if the 1872
per cent raise were passed, some of the
higher-paid employees would be buying
ermine coats. AS Senator Clayhorn
might say That kind of man is a drug
on the market-dope that is"
H. BLACK.
Evening star., 1946-04-08
The IFS in the Picture

AS reported by Reconverslon d.
rector Snyder and interpreted by
President Truman. the general eco
nomic outlook in America is heart
ening. Civilian production is now
proceeding at rate OF SloO,UUO,UUu,-
900 dollars a year, the highest level
in the Nations history. Nonagrlcul-
tural employment totals close to As
100000, or more than before VI day.
Private wages and salaries stand al
most at the yearly level OF $02,OOO,-
100000. and liquid assets held by in
dividuals-that is. assets readily con-
vertible into purchasing power
amount to the staggering sum Of
,O0O,00OO00.
Considering the tremendous pent-
up demand existing in this country
for goods of all kinds. such statistics
as these clearly point to an unprece-
dented period OF American prosper
ity. How long the period may last,
or precisely when it will take hold,
cannot be predicted without hazard,
but there can be no doubt that 1t is
in the making as more or less in
evitable result of the economic con-
ditions now existing. The figures set
forth by Mr.. Snyder and the Presi-
dent can be interpreted in no other
way, even though the average con-
sumer may find it difficult to recon-
cile them with the fact there is still
a great scarcity of autos, refrigera-
tors, radios, white shirts, suits and
almost everything else he would like
to buy.
The scarcity, however will pass,
assuming that certain big. ifs in
the picture develop we'll and not
badly. Nor are the "ifS" to be under
rated. The steel strike, for instance,
which caused a loss of 100000
tons of important steel products
while it lasted, was a serious setback,
accounting in no small part for the
continuing shortage of things like
autos. Similarly. as the President
has just warned, the coal strike,
which affects so many vital indus
trial enterprises, can change the
whole present outlook if prolonged,
not only deepening the degree of
scarcity, but adding to inf1ationary
pressures by causing a drop in the
general production level.
Other factors of a similar nature,
including uncertainty over wage and
price policies, make it necessary to
read the encouraging statistics with
reserve. Nothing is likely to prevent
boom, but the boom can become
bust in relatively short order if labor,
Evening star., 1946-04-08
Time Lost, Time Gone

What is nostalgia about the poices OF
past summer evenings
Saying inconSequentialS on porch
s,UingS-and nothing really said'
Only that the names in the conuersa.
tionS no,D are forgotten.
The S1pings all fallen to rust and the
speakers are dead.
Euen as the crickets that sang there
long ago perished
And the scarlet sage blackened in
unremembered fall frost,
The house numbers hare these years
been gone from the memory.
And the houses themselves been
rented to strangers and lost.
Those evenings 1Dill neuer return NTH
returning season,
SdUe in remembrance OF casual
anonymous phrase.
The Uars and the years hare suept
them a,Day on s,ritt currents;
They are lost betpeen hurried ap-
pointn,ents, destroyed by days.
FREDERICK EBR1QHT.
Evening star., 1946-04-08
Natures Psychiatry
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
Though these are days to try mans
soul and peace may seem distant goal,
don't face each coming hour with dread
or let the blood rush to your head.
Don't long for castles fair in Spain,
just find a peaceful country lane and,
one by one, your worries drown while
roaming woodland paths adown.
Anemones nod tiny heads whene'er
you near their messy beds. Passing bees
hum, "Ah there, honey!" WELCOMED"
squeaks fleeting bunny. Birds in every
roadside tree chirp their greetings
neighborly and, as you reach the river
bend, the ripples murmur, "Howdy,
friend"
Those atom bombs may fall anon
and blow us all to Erehwon, but for the
nonce just feast your eye on yonder
lovely butterfly! RAY H. EVERETT.