davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-25

NEW YORK,-Inability OF the United
Nations Security Council to reach
unanimous decision on what to do about
the Franco government in Spain is not
surprising when the underlying facts
are examined. However, the danger
so far as the Franco government is
concerned-iS that Gen. Franco, the
Spanish dictator, will be encouraged to
hang on until the situation in Spain
may become a real threat to peace. and
the United Nations or some of them
may have to use armed forces to elimi-
nate him and his rule.
For the Security Council has now
voted down, 7 to 4, the original Polish
resolution which called upon all men,
ners of the United Nations to sever
Immediately diplomatic relations with
the Franco government. This was its
latest step. A week earlier a resolution,
prepared by subcommittee which in
veStigated the Spanish situation. to lay
the Spanish issue before the General
Assembly of the United Nations, which
meets here September 3, with recon-
mendation that the Assembly vote for
severance of diplomatic relations-pro-
vided Franco was still in power then
came to nothing because of a veto by
one of the permanent members of thC
Council, Soviet Russia.
The seven members of the Council
including the United States and Britain
who voted against action by the Council
looking to the break with Franco Spain.
all say their countries have no love for
Franco and want him out of power
They insist. however, this is not the
proper way, nor the proper action for
the Council to take under the charter
since the subcommittee did not find
that conditions in Spain were an i'm
mediate threat to peace.
The Soviet delegate, Andrei A. Gro
myko, whose veto of the subcommittee
resolution prevented action, alleges that
he and his government considered the
proposal entirely inadequate.
For whatever reason these various
efforts of the Council to do something
about Gen. Franco failed, the failure
leaves Franco SO far unscotched, and
probably in the belief that the Council
is so far divided he can hold on with
comparative impunity.
1t is reported here from various for
Evening star., 1946-06-25
On the Woy

People who have gone shopping in
vain for things like shoes, tires,
washing machines, vacuum cleaners,
ETC., ETC., may refuse to believe it,
but the fact is that they are being
produced at a rate never before
equaled in the history of American
industry.
One cannot see the bottom of an
iceberg or the innards of the sun.
but nevertheless both exist, and so,
too, exist the household and per-
sonal goods one seeks these days but
does not find. Just because they are
not there in front of our eyes in any
store we visit does not mean they
are not somea0here. After ALL they
haze to be somewhere. else statistics
are a snare and a delusion and the
Federal Reserve Board and the OPA
have gone through the Looking
Glass to hold discourse with the
friends of Alice.
The statistics should make every
Doubling Thomas think twice before
shrieking out in derision. For ex-
ample, says the Reserve Board, our
production of industrial goods is
now 64 per cent above the average
for 1886 And getting down to
specific cases. the OPA points out
that passenger car tires are being
turned out at the all-time record
rate of 6S,000,000 annually: that
this year we are likely to produce
100000 more pairs of shoes
than were produced in the record
year of 1871; that in April 174,OOO
vacuum cleaners left the factories,
$4,000 more than in any prewar
month; that in the same month we
made 177,000 washing machines, 49,
600 better than the best previous
average; and so on and so on, with
every figure tending to show that
we are Just imagining things when
we talk dolefully of shortages.
There is bug in the picture. of
course-namely, that the things we
want are not precisely where we
want them and are not yet numer-
GUS enough. They are still going
through that mysterious economic
process known as build-up and dis
tribution. But let no one despair.
They are on their way. Like a lot
of other things we cannot see, they
Evening star., 1946-06-25
Mr.. Vinson Takes Over

With the taking of the two pre-
scribed oaths on the south portico of
the White House yesterday, Fred M.
Vinson becomes the thirteenth Chief
Justice of the United States and
takes over the unenviable task of
attempting to repair the damage
which the Supreme Court has done
to itself.
In brief talk which revealed
something of wishful thinking, Pres
ident Truman said that "all of US
have the utmost respect for the
courts of the country, and we know
that that respect will be enhanced
when Mr.. Vinson becomes Chief
Justice of the United States actively
on the bench"
1t may be doubted that all Ameri-
cans have the utmost respect for the
Supreme Court. especially as that
court is constituted today In part
this is due to the deliberate effort to
discredit the court, which began
some years ago. And probably in
greater part it is due to the effort of
some of the justices. deliberate or
otherwise, to discredit the great in
stitution of which they are a part.
No court is better than the men who
serve 1t as judges and it is too much
to expect the public to hold the
Supreme Court in utmost respect
when some of the justices are unable
to conceal feeling toward each
other which rises little above the
level OF contempt. Perhaps, with
new Chief Justice installed, better
atmosphere will prevail. Perhaps
the quarreling justices, for the sake
OF the institution of which they are
a part. if for no other reason. will
make a greater effort to compose
their differences. In any event the
country will wish the new Chief
Justice the best of success. But the
country should also realize that
there is limit to what Mr.. Vinson
can do. He cannot impose harmony
on his associates. If there is to be
a change in this respect it must
originate with those members of the
court who have plainly shown that
they set too high value on pride of
personal opinion and too little on
the good name of this Nations
highest court.
Evening star., 1946-06-25
Mr.. FOrreStal's Dilemma
By George Fielding Eliot

President Truman appears to be con-
fident that the Navy Department will
give it's support to his plan for the mer
ger of the armed services, as outlined
in his recommendations to Congress
Asked about the fact that while whole
hearted" support of this plan has been
pledged in a letter from Secretary of
War Patterson, no such letter has been
received from Secretary of the Navy
Forrestal, the President told a recent
press conference that while he had not
yet received such a letter, he would
receive one.
Yet it is little difficult to see how
Mr.. Forrestal and his principal naval
advisers can give support to all the
features of the Presidents plan-or give
the plan as a whole a support that is
either whole-hearted or unqualified.
There are elements in the plap as it
stands, which run directly counter to
the position which Mr.. Forrestal and
the Navy chiefs have taken throughout
the controversy over merger of the
services, a position which is based, from
the Navy point of view, on sound prin-
ciple and which can hardly be wholly
abandoned except by admission that
the principles thus supported are in
fact unsound. One may hesitate to be-
lieve that Mr.. Forrestal and Admiral
Nimitz can or will do that.
X X \
For example, there is the question of
shore-based aviation. The Presidents
plan specifically limits naval aviation to
ship-borne and water-borne planes, plus
the aviation of the Marine Corps and
such shore based planes as may be nee
essary for air transport missions of an
exclusively naval character. Now it
has long been contended by the Navy
that the feet needs, for it's efficient
operation, shore based planes for long
range oversee reconnaissance and for
antisubmarine operations. To this the
Army Air Forces have offered strenu-
Gus objection. The President sides with
the latter view, and says that planes
for these missions should be operated
by air force personnel (presuming, of
course, the creation of separate air
force to perform the functions now
being carried out by the Army Air
Forces. The Navy contends that these
are purely naval missions, and that
the Navy should select and train the
officers and men, and design the planes,
which are to be assigned to them. Be-
hind this contention lies, Of course, the
realization that for the air force these
missions will be more or less side line,
and will-under the pressures arising
from limited peacetime budgets-tend to
Evening star., 1946-06-25
Letters to The Star
Wants Collective Bargaining Kept
But Super Unions Barred

To the Editor of The Star
The majority of American business
men feel that employees should have
the protection of unionism and of COL
lective bargaining.
While this protection to the worker
is necessary, at the same time 1t Is
vitally necessary for the welfare of the
Nation at large that the arbitrary pow
ers of large unions be curtailed SO that
they cannot disrupt the entire ma
tional economy
1t appears that there is a simple So
luton to this problem. Namely, that
Congress pass law forbidding any ma
tional or international union operating
in the United States
This would mean that the employees
of any plant could be unionized but they
would not come under the jurisdiction
of a super union, such as we now have,
but instead each and every union would
function as fully autonomist union
and would not receive its directives
from any national headquarters
Unions which now control and guide
the destiny of many local bodies under
them, it would appear, are contrary
to the antitrust law and are, there
fore, monopoly.
But, If each union were fully au-
tonomist, employees would still have the
protection of collective bargaining and
at the same time would be able to de-
termine their own individual destinies.
Such a step, I believe, is in line with
full Americanism and with American
traditions forbidding arbitrary power
being placed in the hands of few
ERNEST H. HUBBELL.
Evening star., 1946-06-25
This and That
By Charles E, TraceueU.

The sparrow is still the great down.
town bird.
The other morning a young one was
learning to fly on the pavement along
Eleventh street just above PENNSYLVANIA
avenue.
1t had gallery of many persons.
some excited, some amused, but all In
terested.
When the bird finally rose from the
concrete, and winged its way about
foot of the ground for perhaps as great
distance as Is feet cheer broke
from the aSsemblage
Success is dear to the hearts of spar
rows and men
The first steps, the first flight-at
their core they are the same for child
bird, an aviator
Sparrows-and we mean English SPAR
rows, of course-are perfectly fearless in
the downtown.
They have to be, in order to get
something to eat
They will fly down to ones feet the
moment crumb of food is dropped.
The other day we watched an ardent
bird lover who always saves part of his
lunch for the birds.
1t may be no more than half bis
cult, but it means lot to these ragga-
mullins of the air.
This man walked over to one of the
remaining tree boxes, and prepared to
break his biscuit into pieces.
AS he did SO, the birds in the small
tree began to fly down through the
branches.
No sooner had the man dropped the
pieces of bread, than two sparrows hit
the earth in the tree box
Their response, in other words, was
practically instantaneous.
Sparrows like we'll supported nests,
and often use the overhang of office
buildings, or awnings
Sometimes babies come tumbling down
striking the sidewalk with force
Too often they are hurt internally
so there is really not much use in any
kind hearted person taking them home
to bring up.
These unfortunate birds die within "a
hours, in most cases.
Glass structures built out from hotels
and the like over the sidewalks always
attract sparrows.
Ihey like to perch on them, especially
up in the roof on the inside, from which
position they chirp merrily at all hours
of the day.
thousands OF persons, walking by.
near them, although they may not real
lze 1t, and are all the better for the
nearing, because common sparrow music
IS not harsh, as too often has been said.
Many sparrow has very sweet note.
contrasting especially we'll with the truly
harsh noises of traffic
Many kind hearted Washington
merchant has given instructions that
awnings be left untouched until after
mother sparrow matches out and brings
up her brood.
1t must be extremely difficult for her
and her mate to find enough insects and
worms for the babies but fortunately
there are still many trees left in the
business zones.
Destruction of trees on lower TWen-
tieth street may be necessity for prog
ress, but the work caused many a sad
dened eye among tree lovers, not the
least of which are the feathered folk.
The birds can say nothing, and it is
noticeable that this time there has been
little II any outcry from the human
friends of trees.
Perhaps, in view of the utter destruc-
ton OF war, the loss of q few trees
means little in modern city, but there
will be many who will lament the pass
Ing OF these, planted so many years
ago.
Evening star., 1946-06-25

be neglected in favor of the major mis-
sions of the air force The neglect of
British naval aviation by the Royal Air
Force when the latter had full control
of all British service aviation has been
cited as an example of what may be
expected The Navy, moreover, points
to the likelihood that the submarine
will in future-with rockets and other
highly lethal armament-be a weapon
OF increased potentialities. and it wants
free hand in devising means of coun-
tering it.
AS for the major point at issue-the
creation of single secretary of COM
mon defense, presiding over a unified
departmental is likewise difficult to
believe that the Navy can give whole
hearted Endorsement to plan which
would deprive the Navy of its independ-
ent representation in the cabinet. The
elimination of the single chief of staff
Tor all the services is of course, a gain
for the Navy point of view. The Navy
would certainly go along with a plan
to create single secretary with CO.
orolnatmg authority, as an adviser or
deputy to the President, If this did not
involve the elimination of separate
Navy Department or denote the Secre-
tary of the Navy from his place In the
cabinet.
Naturally the position of the Secre-
tary of the Navy under these conditions,
is an embarrassing one. The President
has said that Mr.. Forrestal will go
along. He is member of the Presi-
dents cabinet. Under ordinary circum-
stances cabinet officer who finds him.
self unable to agree with his chief on
point of fundamental Importance has
no recourse save resignation. But
these are not ordinary circumstances
Throughout his public career, Mr.. For
restal has always put the public service
ahead of any personal considerations.
His public utterances make clear that
he feels deeply and strongly that he is
right, and that the national security is
involved in the stand which he has
taken regarding service unification If
he is under great pressure from the
President to support the Presidents
plan, he Is likewise under great pres
sure from the Naval Affairs Committees
of both houses of Congress to continue
to oppose certain features of it. Not
the least unfortunate of the many un-
fortunate consequences of this long
draWn-out dispute is the difficult posi-
ton in which so sincere, able and un-
selfish a public servant as James For
restal now finds himself.
(Copyright, 1946.l
Evening star., 1946-06-25
Man EXTRACTING Mint

The scent OF acres pale NTH blue -1phtts
fo1DerS
And pungemt ,Dith the opal Leaf o,
mint,
Warm rain OF summer and the steepino
hours
Covered By skies OF CLASSY turquoise
tint
Are no,D to him the floor, the root and
,DallS,
His denim shirt and blue, coarse oueraus
His lungs inkale the nainty esSenced al,
That seeps into his blood stream. Fast
it fo,Ds
Do,on corridor and up the crimson stair;
Into the n1arro1D of his bone it goes.
Surely. his thoughts must be OF such
yield
Like that OF spearmint lovely In field
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1946-06-25
This Changing World
BY Constantine Browu

Gen. Carlos vC4l der Becke, former
chief of staff of the Argentine Army, is
leaving Washington within the next
48 hours, having failed in his mission
to bring about better understanding
between his country and the United
States.
The Argentinian general an intimate
friend of President Peron, arrived here
unaccompanied by the usual fanfare
which greets high officials of foreign
nations. He came supposedly as a pri-
vate visitor, expecting to lay the foun-
dations for better hemisphere co-opera-
ton by unofficial talks and explorations.
Gen. Won der Becke discussed the
general situation in South America
with Gen. Eisenhower who showed keen
aWarenesS of the necessity of placing
Western Hemisphere relations on a
better foundation.
Gen. Eisenhower has been informed,
ever since he took over as chief of
staff, that in spite of the Chapultepec
agreements the old cry of Yankee i'm
periallsm is being heard in many re-
publics south of the Rio Grande. He is
as aware as any other military man of
the Importance of consolidating hemi-
spheric defense. But he is reported to
have admitted quite frankly to the
Argentinian general that while he was
able to discuss military matters in gen.
eral the question of an overall improve
ment OF United States Argentine rela-
tions was exclusively within the prov
ince of the White House and the State
Department. He did not, of course.
mention the fact that he had been
pressed by the State Departments Lat
in American Division to show a pointed
GOODNESS to President Perons unofficial
representative.
On suggestion from his own Embassy
-indorsed apparently by Buenos Aires
Gen. Won der Becke sought and OBJ
tanned interviews with Acting Secretary
of State Dean Acheson and Assistant
Secretary of State Spruille Braden. Mr.
Acheson was courteous but noncom-
initial. Mr.. Braden raised the question
of the Nazis who are still active in
Argentina and handed the Argentine
general list of 100 who are reported
to be agitating in his country
Gen. Won der Becke accepted the list
and promised that those named would
Evening star., 1946-06-25

nized their common danger and CO.
operated accordingly. though Russia
was slow to share its strategical and
tactical secrets. Today a common
danger still confronts them-the
common danger of losing the fruits
OF victory if they fail to work to-
gether in building a decent peace
and build instead only an armistice,
negating all the courage and sacri-
flee that went into destroying the
Axis.
Evening star., 1946-06-25
Eisenhower's Report

Two years ago at this time it was
not yet D-day plus three weeks. The
western Allies, after having crossed
the English Channel in the mightiest
amphibious assault in history, were
still engaged in bloody battle to
secure and expand their foothold in
France. The campaign of North
Africa had long since ended, our
forces were deep in Italy, but only
now, on the beaches of Normandy,
was the last chapter beginning-the
long and bitter last chapter to the
story of the free worlds struggle
against the black tyranny of Hitler.
Today, two years later, the man
who had supreme command of the
Allied Expeditionary Force has at
last made known his own version of
these flaming closing months of the
war in Europe. To be sure, in his
report to the Combined Chiefs of
Staff, General Eisenhower has not
undertaken to set forth a definitive
account; he has left that to the
historians, but still, wholly apart
from It's incisive and beautifully
clear style, his personal narration of
what happened unquestionably con-
stitutes the most comprehensive and
most authoritative summary of the
subject yet given America and the
world.
Looking back, General Eisenhower
singles out three episodes" as being
the most decisive in insuring the
AEF's victory. The first of these was
the battle of the Normandy beaches,
which resulted in the sure Judgement
of our forces. The second was the
battle of the Falaise pocket, in which
the Allies encircled and destroyed
the German Seventh Army as
prelude to the race through France.
And the third was the campaign
west of the Rhine during February
and March of last year-a campaign
so shattering to the enemy that the
war was won before the river itself
was crossed. AS for Won Rundstedt's
Ardennes counteroffensive, General
Eisenhower makes clear that it was
never so dark a threat as some re-
ports suggested at the time.
Other factors helpful to the AEF
IN carrying out the final victory in
cluded Cd the dominance of our
airpower, which would have been in
danger had the Germans had time
to develop their lead in Jet prcpul-
sion; (2) such enemy mistakes as
holding troops in the Pas-de-Calais
area when they were needed in Nor
mandy, and 90 our enormous ma
terial superiority. But above every
thing else, according to General
Eisenhower, what counted most in
winning the war was the magnificent
teamwork of the western Allies and
the skill, blood and valor of the men
behind the weapons.
Read against the background of
current events, General Eisenhower's
report, besides being a historical
document of first Importance, serves
as a reminder that the war was won
because the Allied nations recog-
Evening star., 1946-06-25
South Africu's Indians

The appeal to the General Assem-
bly, of the League of Nations by the
Indian delegate for an inquiry into
the situation of persons of Indian
blood in the South African Union
raises new issue in the legal evolu-
tion of U. NJ
The Indian element in South
Africa poses vexing problem of
long standing. The problem arose
with the importation of contract
laborers from India. mostly Hindus,
to work on the plantations of Natal.
This contract immigration began as
far back as 1860, when Natal was a
separate colony with its own gov
ernment. A relatively small region,
situated on the east coast of South
Africa. shut off from the interior
by high mountain ranges and with
abundant rainfall from the ocean
winds, Nataps fertile soil was we'll
adapted to the growth of semitropi-
cal products by the plantation sys-
tenn, and the Indians afforded the
efficient labor force for which the
native Bantu population was un-
suited.
The expectation had been that the
lndentured laborers would return to
India when their term of service
was up, but most of them preferred
to stay. Having brought their
women with them and having ex-
tremely large families. the Indians
soon became numerous element,
sharply distinct alike from the
whites and the native blacks The
second generation tended to shift
from plantation work to petty shop
keeping, peddling and money-lend-
ing. They also demanded political
rights. Ultimately the ruling whites
realized the seriousness of the prob
lem created by this alien element
and immigration was discontinued,
SO that today the Indian element is
almost wholly South African born,
though still thoroughly Hindu in
every respect.
Though most of this Indian ele-
ment, today numbering about $780,
900, are still in Natal, they have
constituted a wider problem ever
since Natal was merged into the
rest of South Africa by the forma-
ton of the Union in 1909. Disliked
by both the white and native popu-
lations, their attempted spread to
other parts of the Union has been
frowned on. and has now been fur
ther restricted by recent Union leg
lslation. against which the Indian
government vigorously protests. In
dian nationalism has always taken
lively interest in it's transplanted
brethren. Indeed it was a stay in
South Africa in behalf of those In
dians, before World War I, which
led Mohandas Gandhi to adopt his
strongly nationalist and anti-West-
ern philosophy.
The legal aspects of the case posed
by India's action are as interesting
as they are novel. Technically those
Indians on whose behalf it acts,
being almost wholly South African
born, are not Indian citizens, and
the Union can contend that this is
a domestic matter in which the
Charter forbids action. The Indian
case rests on Articles 10 and IA,
whereby the General Assembly is
empowered to investigate a situation
likely to impair friendly relations"
between two or more of its members.
This looks like a conflict of provi-
sions which will take a deal of in
depreciation to resolve.