davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
|Schwe||enbach Asks
Equal Pay and Chance
For Working Women

Secretary of Labor Schwellenbach
declared today that the working
woman is here to stay and therefore
she ought to get equal pay and
equal job chances.
Mr.. Schwellenbach promised an
employment conference of women
leaders attthe Women's Bureau that
his department will do everything
1t can to remove certain artificial
restrictions that belong to past
age"
Mr.. Schwellenbach pointed out
that many women are forced to
work. There are nearly 1000 900
more adult women than men in the
United States and some women will
never have chance to marry and
retire from the Office, he said. One
of every 10 women now working is
the sole support of a family of two
or more persons, he added.
THE department stands to gain
in every effort we make together to
improve the status of women, both
as workers and citizens, here and
throughout the world" he said.
Neither married nor single wom-
en- should be barred from work they
can do under physically healthful
conditions" Mr.. Schwellenbach said.
Pay . scales which discriminate
against women should be revised,
he added.
The two-day conference is being
held at the Departmental Audi
forum for women from civic and
organizations all over
the country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
Senate Opens Debate
On Minimum Pay Bill;
Revision Held Certain
BY J. A. OLeory

Two hurdles stood in the path of
the administrations new minimum
wage bill, as the Senate prepared to
begin debate on the issue this after
noon.
One was farm bloc move to tack
on amendments to raise the income
of farmers.
The other was a strong drive to
scale down the wage scale of IS,
TO and rs cents recommended by
President Truman and majority
of the Senate Labor Committee, to
IS and go cents. The present mini
mum is 40 cents an hour.
AS the floor fight gets under way
there are strong indications the
lower rates will prevail. One in
formed Democrat conceded that the
odds are against the administration
bill today. The debate is expected
to continue for 10 days, however,
during which time administration
supporters will try to hold the mea-
sure as close as possible to the Tru-
man program.
Senator Thomas, Democrat, Of
Oklahoma, chairman Of the Agri-
culture Committee, and Senator
Russell. Democrat, of Georgia, who
handles agricultural appropriations,
are preparing to offer farm amend
ments. One will revive the old bat
tie for inclusion Of labor costs in
the parity price formula.
Senator Pepper, Democrat, of
Florida, who will play leading role
In defending the administration bill,
said the proposed new parity for
mula would increase farm prices by
as much as cents a pound on cot
ton and so cents bushel on wheat.
spokesman regard
such increases as infiationary, he
said.
The move to hold the minimum
wage boost to SIS and go cents will
be led by Senators Ellender, Demo-
crat, of Louisiana and Ball, Repub-
lican, OF Minnesota, two of the six
committee members who filed a
report.
The administration plan would
raise the Accent minimum to 65l
cents for two years, to 10 cents for
the next two years and IS cents
thereafter, and broadens the cover
age. 1t also continues the procedure
OF existing law, under which indus
try committees made up of repre-
sentatives of employer, employee and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
|CourtApproyesB.&0,
S50O,0O0,OO0 Debt
Ad justment Plan
BY the Associated Press

BALTIMORE, Mar. ia special
three-judge Federal Court signed a
decree late yesterday approving the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroads $780,
600 900 debt adjustment plan.
Earlier, the court-composed OF
Judges Morris A. Soper, presiding
Armistead M. Dobie and w. Calvin
Chestnut-dismissed a motion by
Randolph Phillips. New York rail-
road analyst, to cite President Roy
B. White and three other officers OF
the B. g. O. for contempt of court.
The session became stormy when
Mr.. Phillips called attention to a
telephone conversation between
Russell L. Snodgrass, financial vice
president OF the company, and
Judge Chestnut.
Mr.. Phillips was sharply rebuked
for the remark by Judge Soper who
said it was little short of an out
rageous attack on the integrity OF
a member of this court"
The Judge asserted that if Mr.
Phillips had been a member Of the
bar Of the court, this would SUBJ
ject him to discipline"
Declaring that he would appeal
the courts decision, Mr.. Phillips
later said, there are so many un-
usual aspects to this case that ]
will appeal it as attorney in fact
for $1,000, 900 worth of bonds l rep
resent"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
Maybank Sells D. {. Home;
Denies He May Be Envoy
BY the Associofed Press

Senator Maybank, Democrat, Of
South Carolina sold his home here
yesterday, but quickly denied that
he was planning to join the diplo-
matte service.
Rumor frequently has said he
may become Ambassador to France,
England, Belgium or Argentina. In
each instance he emphatically
denied the report.
Il have every intention of con-
tinufng to be a United States Sena-
tor" he said yesterday.
The Maybank home is at 3645
Forty-ninth street in Spring Valley.
The Maybanks expect to move in
to an apartment las soon as they
find one" and do not have to vacate
their home Immediately. the Sena-
tor said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14

vast appointive powers. He must
realize, on the basis of his great ex-
perience, that even the best laws
will not execute themselves, nor will
the highest social standards be SELF
Sustaining. They must be given
effect by men of experience. probity
and character" @a
Mr.. Pauley, whose nomination was
withdrawn at his own request yes
terday by President Truman, was
not mentioned by name in Mr..
Ickes' speech.
Mr.. Ickes attacked elements Of
labor and management he held re-
sponsible for "all the turmoil
through which we are going" and
said:
IF we cannot succeed in produc-
ing for peaceful purposes as we have
shown that we can produce for war,
I'VE shall have to contend with revo-
lutionary forces that may be impos-
sible to control"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
DC. Mil Making
New Type Flour;
Gets No Protests

S Washington's only flour mill is
turning out the new 80 per cent
wheat extraction -four on full
time basis now, and so far there
have been no complaints.
An onicial Of the wilkins Rogers
Milling Co., 1851 X street NV,
which has a daily output of 40
tons, said that because of back
log OF the traditional 70 per cent
extraction -four, customers of the
mill will not be receiving the new
-four entirely before April 1.
The of1icial said 1t was difficult
to tell the two flours apart. The
new product has creamy appear
ance with touch of gray, he said
The mill has had some mechanical
didiculty in shifting over to the
higher extraction -four, but believes
the kinks have been worked out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
Marshall in Honolulu
En- Route to D. 6.
BY the Asseeicted Prsss

HONOLULU, Mar. IA. Gen
George c. Marshall, looking brown
and fit, arrived here yesterday en-
route to Washington, where he will
report to President Truman on Far
Eastern matters.
The special presidential envoy to
China was greeted as he stepped
from his plane by 1t. Gen. Robert
c. Richardson, jr., commanding
general of Pacific Ocean Areas, and
Vice Admiral John H. Towers, COM
mander of the Pacific Fleet Air
Force.
He was scheduled to leave for
Long Beach, Calf, this evening.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
|ckes Calls on Truman
For Moral Leadership
by The Assoeiotsd Press

NEW YORK, Mar. 14.-Harold l..
Ickes called on President Truman
last night to give the Nation leader
ship for a moral and spiritual
awakening"
Mr.. Ickes, who resigned as Sec
Rotary of the Interior several weeks
ago in dispute with the President
on the nomination of Edwin w.
Pauley as Undersecretary of the
Navy, said in a speech before the
Economic Club of New York:
More than any one else, the
President has it in his power to fur
nish moral leadership, not only with
respect to legislation and social
standards, but in the exercise of his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14
Krug to Take Office
As Interior ChiefMondoy

BY the Assoeiefed Press
J. A. Krug will take Office next
Monday as Secretary of the Interior.
Acting Secretary Oscar L. Chap
man announced today that Mr..
Krug would be sworn in at a cere-
mony in the Interior Departments
auditorium at II am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-14

the public may arrive at the 75-cent
objective more rapidly.
The Ellender- Ball substitute would
raise the minimum to IS cents 100
days after passage Of the bill and
to go cents after 10 months.
Evening star., 1946-06-17

According to the operators the
Government negotiated agreement
boosts the pay of seamen by 80 per
cent for a total increase of 1877 per
cent since January, 1941. The opera
tors also say that the effect will be
to fix the monthly wage bill of
United States flag ships at $10,184
as against $2,735 on British ships,
which are second highest in pay.
If these figures are anywhere near
correct it seems evident that one of
two things must happen. Either the
American merchant marine, built up
during the war at such tremendous
expense and effort, will be driven
from the seas by low-cost foreign
competition, or it will have to be
subsidized by the Government on
scale even more lavish than that
which has prevailed in the past. In
the latter and more probable event,
the net result will be to settle the
maritime strike threat at the ex-
pense of the people who pay the
taxes in this country, and there is
good reason to wonder how much
longer they can be expected to bear
1leir, ever increasing burden.
Evening star., 1946-06-17

recognize gifted people who have given
the world its best music, some of its
loftlest poetry and philosophy and a
goodly portion of its most ingenious
science. But I early recognized the
nature of the Nazi state and knew that
the nature of the people would change
as an instrument of that state. I believe
that understood" Nazism, but the
greater my understanding the greater
my fears, not the other way around
All states, our own included, are dan
serous to other states, in proportion to
their strength. by reason of their pos
session of the power to make war. Their
people, like the Russian people or the
American people, may be, by nature.
Warm-hearted, pacific, and disposed to
be friendly to all men, this is, I think,
particularly true of Americans and Rus
slams, both of whom have continental
generosity of temperament.
But both are formidable and ruthless
when modified for war.
The nature of the state is ALWAYS
other than the nature of the people,
merely by reason of being the state
Russians loathe bureaucracy, as the
study of Russian literature reveals
Vide, Gogol. But they live in a bureau
cratic collectivism that governs their
lives completely, by reason of having
accepted a state-c controlled economy.
Their temperament and likes or dislikes
cannot affect the actions of the state
for they have delegated to it all power.
Americans are also antibureaucratic
but We are going in the same direction
chiefly because organized labor and Or
ganized capital are proving unable to
develop peaceable partnership within
mutually accepted standards of work
and pay in relation to profits and pro-
duction. Such a tension must increase
state bureaucratic power at the expense
of both labor and capital
The Russian people are not military
minded, but the Russian state is, and
the state, not the people, commands
military power.
War is the result of the divided pos
session of war-making powers in the
hands OF sovereign states, subject to no
law, condition which makes the pos
sibillty of war implicit, and therefore
primarily affects the nature of the state
and its relations with other states. AS
long as that continues there will be wars.
The elimination of one. two or three
such sovereignties, while three four.
nve or only two remain, does not dimin-
1sh the danger of war, no matter what
the nature of the people who compose
those states may be. 1t is the nature
OF the sovereign state, as such, that
needs to be understood If we are to
overcome war.
Released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1946-06-17
Strike Season Ends

Ihe best thing that can be said
about the settlement of the threat
ened maritime strike is that. for the
time being at least, it disposes of the
last of the big industrial disputes
which had been crippling or promis-
ing to cripple this country's tortured
transition from war to peace econ
omy. Beyond that, however, there is
little that is reassuring in the an
nounced terms of the settlement.
Once again it has been demon
strated that the Government can be
coerced by strong unions. And in
this instance the tactics Of the mari
time unions must have been a par
ticularly bitter dose for the Truman
administration to swallow. For ex-
ample, the Committee for Maritime
Unity attributed what one strike
leader called the unprecedented
victory" for the unions to the soli-
darlty OF the maritime workers
This solidarity" the victory state
ment said, together with intensive
and thorough preparations for a
strike, made it possible for the GNU
committee in Washington to stand
firm against the strike-breakinp
union-busting threats of the Gov
ernment and the Truman admins
tration." A day or so earlier Dr.
Frank Kingdom, chairman of the
National Citizens Political Action
Committee, had told seamen's rallv
in New York: eve are not subject to
the will and voice of any single man.
This is our country The President
Is our servant, and we propose to
control all of them presumably all
Government off1cials) for our bene-
fit"
1t was against this background
that the Government moved into the
dispute and settled the strike on
terms that are binding on the 80
per cent Of the merchant marine
controlled by the War Shipping Ad-
ministration, and which can hardly
be less binding on the remaining 20
per cent that is privately operated.
Evening star., 1946-06-17

OF Huey Long. I we'll remember an
occasion when Huey came storming into
hotel suite and Senator Byrnes slipped
out back door. Byrnes was not afraid
OF the klnghsh. He just didn't like loud
talk
We must prepare ourselves for loud
talk IN Paris and for sensitive reactions
from our gentler representatives there.
Much talk will concern the iron
curtain" But British anger against the
iron curtain" is not just because some
Journalists cannot enter Eastern Eu-
rope and send uncensored dispatches.
What counts most heavily is the loss of
exports from Britain into the Baltic
States, Poland, Eastern Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Eastern Austria, Ro-
mania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia
and Albania. In normal times British
exports into these countries represented
from to 10 per cent of Britains total
The United Kingdom must increase it's
exports by so per cent over 1899. This
will be very hard to do, if Germany
"a Japan are crippled and Russia is
aggressively seeking to exclude western
trade in Eastern Europe.
This necessity for more foreign trade
is felt most urgently by the British
working classes who support the labor
government. There is, of course, big
trade angle in the Arabian situation
Despite the humanitarian aspects in
volved, it is hard matter to face
boycotts, restrictions and other hostile
acts against British trade by Moslem
population of many millions. To the
British, foreign trade is matter of
life or death. That Is hard for Ameri-
cans to understand
(Relsased by the Associated Newspapers. Inc.)
Evening star., 1946-06-17
First American Saint

On July four names will be added
to the roster of saints of the Roman
Catholic Church. Among the num-
Der will be that of Mother Frances
Xavier Cabrini, the first American
ever to be canonized. Her story
often has been told and need not be
repeated here. But the Importance
of her labors cannot be emphasized
too often. The honors which have
come to her were earned by selfess
service to the poor and lowly, espe-
cially to the communities of Italian
peasants who left their native land
to settle in New York, Chicago, New
Orleans and other great cities of the
United States in the years between
1889 and 1917.
Those dates mark the boundaries
of Mother Cabrinis career in the
western world. She was nearly forty
when she arrived; she was sixty
seven when she died and by curious
coincidence she left exactly sixty
seven institutions - schools, hospi-
tails, orphanages-to keep her name
bright through the diScernible fu-
ture. 1t was in solemn and grateful
recognition of the success of her
endeavors that the hierarchy of her
church admitted her to the company
of the blessed well in advance of
the usual time required for such pro-
ceedings.
Miracles, it is declared, have been
performed in proof of the merits of
Mother Cabrini. Actually, however,
it would be difficult to imagine any,
thing more marvellous than her own
devoted and triumphant life. She
was so small and frail that no one,
seeing her as child, would have
dared believe that she would survive
Evening star., 1946-06-17
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Brovu

Secretary OF, State Byrnes will make
real drive in Paris to obtain the con-
sent of the Soviet representatives for
an immediate peace with Austria. The
Russians acceptance or rejection of Mr.
Byrnes' plea will be considered the
yardstick by which the relationship be-
tween the western powers and Russia
will be measured at the present Big
-Four Conference.
Although smaller than the other
Central and Southeastern European
States, Austria is the gateway between
the west and the important Danubian
Valley. In spite of its disastrous eco
nomic condition the little republic man.
aged to have free elections and pos
sesses a genuinely national government
with a duly elected President, re-
sponsible cabinet and Parliament
elected by the free will of the people.
Moreover. Austria was considered a
special case" as far back as the Mos
cow Conference in the fall of 1943, when
Secretary of State Hull, Foreign Secre-
tary Eden and Foreign Minister Molo-
TOW agreed that she deserved special
consideration after the defeat of the
NaZis
cupied by Soviet army estimated at
about $1,000 men and an American
BritiSh-French force aggregating less
than 10000 men. In the Russian zone
in particular the Austrian people are
compelled to feed the army of occu-
patton. 1t is estimated that about four
Austrians in that area must work for
each Russian soldier to provide them
with the needed supplies.
Thus from the point of view Of re-
lieving the population of a country
which long ago was exonerated of war
guilt it seems equitable that a peace
treaty should be signed and the Allied
forces withdraw at the earliest moment.
In addition to this, so long as Aus
tria is occupied by Soviet armies the
Red army high command will insist on
keeping large forces in Hungary, Ro-
mania and Southern Poland under the
excuse that they are needed to assure
the lines of communication with the
army of occupation in Vienna and
Eastern Austria. There can be no real
freedom in the Central and Balkan
countries in Europe SO long as Russian
forces are in those areas. And, the
Russians claim, they must be main
tained to secure proper communications
with the forces in Austria.
In addition to these reasons which
are spoken of openly. there is anothe,
equally important although hushed up
consideration which justified the
eagerness of Mr.. Byrnes to see the
Allied occupation of Austria come to
an end quickly.
The relationship between the Ameri-
can and Russian forces has been highly
unsa atisfactory. American planes have
Evening star., 1946-06-17

been attacked frequently by Russian
antialrcraft batteries and by Russian
fighter planes. Many of the more spec
tacular incidents have been officially
reported and publicized; others have
been hushed up SO as not to rouse
American public opinion Among the
latter was the attack by Russian fighters
on plane carrying the American diplo-
matte representative in Vienna, John
Ehrhardt.
The formal protests Of Gen. Mark
Clark have brought no results. He re-
ceives the usual polite assurances that
steps will be taken to prevent such mis-
takes, but the attacks continue every
time an American plane deviates slightly
because of weather conditions from the
air lane allotted the Americans.
Military experts have come to the
conclusion that the attacks are not due
to mistakes but to the Red Army sus-
picion that we are snooping around. 1t
is known that important troop move
ments have and still are taking place in
the Russian zones in the liberated coun-
tries. The Red Army command is aware
that this country has developed the most
efficient air Photographic service in the
world during the war and that none of
the other Allies has ever been able to
match American Photographic inter-
probation to draw important conclusions
from the slightest spot which appears in
the films taken from the air.
Throughout the war the American
general staff was not stingy with it's in
formation SO far as our Russian Allies
were concerned, and the Red high COM
mand was told about our ability to draw
amazingly correct conclusions from our
air photography.
1t seems beyond doubt that the Rus
sian headquarters in Vienna suspects
the American planes which do not stay
in the air path allotted them are out on
a spying mission and the Soviet high
command does not wish any foreign
power to look into what is happening
behind the iron curtain. Thus, so long
as the American and Russian armies
are neighbors, more such incidents are
likely to occur in spite of the genuine
efforts of the American aviators to avoid
them
If a peace treaty with Austria could
be signed during the Paris conference
the 10000 American soldiers who are
stationed in Austria could be immedi-
ately withdrawn, together with the mill
tary forces of the other powers which
ere occupying Austria.
Secretary Byrnes will insist on an i'm
mediate liquidation of the Austrian
fuestion. The British and French gov
ernments appear to be in the same
frame of mind. 1t is up to Russia to
decide whether she is willing to concur
with these sound views. Her attitude
Will show clearly what can be expected
out of the second Paris Conference.
Evening star., 1946-06-17
Critical Need
From the New York Journal of Commerce

From the New York Journal of Commerce
shortage of copper is developing
throughout the world, at time when a
surplus of the red metal had been an
tlcipated. Great Britain and other Eu-
ropean countries have been bidding ac-
lively for available supplies in produc-
ing areas, because their requirements
far exceed earlier estimates. The pro-
tracted strike in the American mines
makes this country more dependent
than ever upon imports of the metal.
Consumption of copper in the United
States will probably run to about l.
25O,OO0 tons this year, and could 90
higher over the next few years. Both
high level of activity in copper con-
Stunning industries and shortages of lead
and other nonferrous metals, for which
copper is substituted, stimulate the de-
mand. Even without the strike, only
heavy imports and releases from Gov
eminent stockpiles could have salts
fed this demand in 1916. Now even this
is dubious
Under these conditions, the ceiling
price for copper must be fixed by OPA
at level that will secure maximum
production from American mines for
some time to come.