davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-21
Veterans End Sitdown
lin New York Senate;
Vow 10 Beat Dewey
BY The Assosieisd Press

ALBANY, N. Y, Oct. 21.-A 23-
hour seizure Of the New York State
Senate Chamber by more than 70
World War II veterans was at an
end today with the assurance Of
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey that I'VE
are doing everything we know how
to alleviate the housing shortage.
Gov. Dewey met with represents
atives of the tired and hungry ex-
servicemen for 40 minutes yester-
day in his executive Offices.
After hearing Gov. Dewey, the
group returned to the Senate Cham
ber, decided to form a permanent
organization, issued statement
that they would work to defeat
the Governor in the November S
election and ended their sitdown.
Led by Michael J. Quill.
The veterans left the Capitol in
a defiant mood, threatening to car
ry their demands for an $500, ,000, 900
housing program into every section
Of the State.
They were among 900 veterans,
mostly from New York City, who,
with 1000 members Of two New
York City CIO locals, marched on
the Capitol Saturday. The union
locals, consisting of teachers and
public workers, seek "cost-of-living'
pay increases. They were led by
Michael j. Quill, president Of the
Transport Workers Union, CIO.
The veterans group eluded Capt.
tol guards Saturday afternoon, took
possession of the Senate chamber
at 2 pm. and went into a mock
Senate session, voWing to remain
until Gov. Dewey called a special
session of the Legislature to act on
the housing shortage.
One Woman in Group.
The ex-servicemen Immediately
faced problem of getting food be-
cause Capitol guards and State
police barred all doors. Two, who
went for food, were prevented from
returning. The only woman in the
group, Miss June Lostar Of Brook
lyn, former WAC. was excused Sat-
urday night.
The veterans passed the night
DOING in the red leather swivel
chairs at senatorial desks or sleep
ing in the Senate ante-chambers
between bursts of oratory and sing
ing.
Gov. Dewey agreed to see the vet
erans at 10 am. yesterday.
He told them that New York
State had completed more housing
than any of the other Al States and
had outbuilt the Federal Govern
ment.
Criticizes Federal Government.
Gov. Dewey said the Federal Gov
had seen At" to "seize and
divert" scarce housing materials to
Federal projects.
IF the Federal Government would
stop grabbing, we'd be all right" he
declared.
As for the veterans request that
he declare a housing emergency,
Gov. Dewey said: There Is one. It
Isn't necessary"
Support for Mead Urged.
A statement issued by the veterans
after the conference urged support
II Senator Mead, Gov. Deweys DEM
ocratic opponent. and added:
eve are adjourning the Veterans
Senate Of the State Of New York
temporarily In order to effectively
call upon the veterans Of the State
to win homes by defeating Gov. Do
Nothing Dewey on election day, who
can only evade with excuses for
broken promises his moral respon-
sibilities to us as chief executive Of
our State"
The group returned to New York
City last night.
Evening star., 1946-10-21
Man Kills Son Accidentally

GATE CITY, Va. Oct. II R.-
James Monroe Reed, 3, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Kyle j. Reed Of Gate City
was killed at his home here yester-
day when his father accidentally
struck him in the head with a mat
took while digging potatoes.
Evening star., 1946-10-21
TWO Colnpletcly Out.

7 he Price
of y EA
and the price ofmeat you are entitled to know right now
these nescapable facts:
Meat supplies aow record low Supply lines empty
People, who hauen had much lately wan it. But wi take
time to restore meat to retail counters. -
When there is little meat and everybody it the
price is bound to rise But meat is coming in the
months ahead and supplies increase and approach
the demand the price bound to level off That's the law
Of supply and demand operation Nobody repeal it
Nobody IN the controls prices Consumers deter
mine prices by wha they wng pay for meat That deter
mines wha retailers pay meat packers for it, and finally
tura what the meat packers can afford pay for animals
Right now of course there is bound to be stiff
petition buying of livestock. There thousands
of meat professors to restore their businesses
Competitors in the business want all the animals they can
buy so they will SELL and the best price will
get the animals There competition in the sale
of meat because meat must have customers
and the lowest prices for meat will get the business
So. meat gradually starts to return shortly to
the counters of retail stores, we urge consumers:
1-Dont insist on only the fanciest kinds and cuts
2Do shop around for the best buys meat There much
good nutrition in a sauory there is in fancy
porterhouse.
Il is the earnest desire of the meat packing industry
that ais quickly possible again may find on
retail counters everywhere the kind Of met they want
when they want it. at fair competitive prices like it
used to be Just a few years ago. Remember
AMERICAN MEAT INSTITUTE
headquarters Chicago Members Throughout the U.S.
Evening star., 1946-03-11

again in New York this month, with
Russia represented by Ambassador
Gromyko
The demand by the Soviet govern
ment that Turkey restore to Russia the
KarssArdahan region throws another
diplomacy. 1t will require very careful
negotiation directly, it is hoped, among
the Soviet, Britain and the United
States as well as with Turkey.
This problem and its possible eonse-
Quences recall the comedy Of errors and
double talk that led to the Crimea War
Inf 1853 and 1854. That war, as history
clearly shows, was wholly unnecessary.
It was Improbable for all concerned.
Britain at the beginning had some
what detached interest, but was ulti-
mately maneuvered into being the lead
ing opponent Of the Gear. Confusion Of
purposes marked all the preliminaries
because for the most part negotiations
passed through Turkey. In the attempt
to save various of1cial faces all possi-
bility for q peaceful adjustment was
lost. Fresh, Arm and direct dealing
might have saved thousands of lives.
The present situation calls for q gen.
timely new approach in diplomacy. The
secrecy imposed after the Big Three
meetings In wartime was war measure.
That need is no longer with us. The
stakes are too great for further secrecy
Let's have all the cards on the table
and until they are let's be wary Of
generalities.
Releassd b. the Associated Newspapera Ine.I
Evening star., 1946-03-11
The Making of Foreign Policy
By Raymond Mofey

The notes addressed by Secretary of
State Byrnes to the Soviet deserve close
attention, because they are, in effect,
the beginning OF def1nitive American
policy in our relations with Russia.
Foreign policy cannot be made all of a
piece. It must be built brick by brick.
In this case, generalities are not in order
until all the pieces are laid together and
the Soviet replies are laid beside them.
At that time we may assume that the
President or Secretary Byrnes will sum
up in general statement what this
country will expect in the way of sta
bility between Soviet Russia and her
numerous naighbors.
Opinion in the State Department is
that the UNO train Is waiting and all
nations should get aboard. The Soviet
has its ticket bought and the length Of
its trip will be predicted in accordance
with the amount Of luggage It carries.
The weeks Immediately ahead will tell
lot. It Is reported that the Supreme
Soviet Is very soon to have its first
meeting since the recent election. There
viii be plenty OF speeches. There are
hints but no concrete evidence that
there are stresses and strains within the
Soviet government. This may mean
pressure on or against Stain, who dur
ing the war leaned toward the western
powers. Pressure on Russia from out
side powers, especially the United States
and Britain, may influence that situ-
alton. It may strengthen the isolationist
group in Russia and lead to further de-
terioration OF relations with the west.
The UNO Security Council meets
Evening star., 1946-03-11
This Changing World
By Constantine Bros.n

French and Russians insist.-over Amer
ican and British objections-for an air.
ing on the whole Spanish case. Moth.
ing can prevent France and Russia
from bringing such complaint before
the Council, IN whose sessions the Span
ish government then could be invited to
participate as one Of the interested
parties.
Spain might be given an opportunity
to defend herself, and II the American
and British governments carry their
opposition to UNO action into the
Council they would-against their de-
sires-be placed in the position of de-
Tending a Spanish government against
which they have already expressed their
opposition.
1t will, however, suit the purposes Of
the Soviet Union to have this fresh
issue before the Council as at least a
bargaining point for fresh complaints
1t may desire to present. And II the
first meeting of the Security Council
is any criterion the Soviet Union will
have some issues to bring up.
But more than a bargaining point.
the Spanish issue would provide sthe
Soviet government with fresh ammuni-
ton for its propaganda offensive against
the United States, Britain and Canada,
an offensive which got well under way
as an aftermath of the Canadian
espionage case. No matter how firmly
opposed to the Franco regime the
United States and Britain might be,
any opposition to UNO Council action
in the matter would be pictured as re-
dictionary defense of a reactionary
government. The true reasons for tho
Anglo-American position would be lost
sight Of.
1t may fairly be asked what commit
ments France will find herself under il,
with Russian support and against Brit
iSh and American opposition, she brings
the Spanish issue before the Council.
Russia has demands pending or in the
making against Turkey for territory
bordering the Black Sea, against Italy
for trusteeships over parts of her Afri-
can empire and against China with re-
spect to Manchuria. These questions
may or may not come before the UNO
Council, but French support of (them
could be given in other places.
Russia long has agitated for the
overthrow of the Franco regime after
her Intervention on behalf of the Span
ish Republicans in the 1936-1939 civil
war failed to defeat the Franco revo-
luton. France, by forcing to an i'm
mediate head an issue which is i'm
portant to the Russians, is playing the
role of stalking horse for Moscow. Is
France thereby demonstrating a new
found solidarity with the Soviet Union,
or is it simply chance which finds them
aligned at this time?
Washington diplomatic circles expect
that Russia will bear the brunt of the
fight on Spain if the issue is brought
before the Council, for France is too
dependent on the United States for
economic aid right now to risk aliena-
tion of this governments good will by
sharp controversy over Spain.
Evening star., 1946-03-11
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

tutions: The town hall-the earliest
seat of democratic government, the
court. the school, the church.
This Nation was founded by God
. fearing men who attempted to translate
into the basic concepts of the Republic
principles OF justice deriving from the
Bible. No country more often invokes
the Creator in its great documents.
Even Jefferson, who upset the the
ologians of his day by his skeptical and
nonconformist deiSm, declared Chris
tianity to embody "a system of morals,
the most perfect and sublime that has
ever been taught by man." and, in the
declaration justified the rights of man
as an inalienable endowment by the
Creator.
Our national hymn calls God our
king. We print on our coins Tn God
we trust" The greatest American battle
song-Julia Ward Howe's-is also a
Christian hymn. And in the early days
of our country scholars and divines exer-
cised an authority and influence over
the mind OF the nation comparable to
that of businessmen or their public re-
lations counsels, and union leaders to-
day-and one may question whether
the change has been for the better.
The Christian churches are. further
more, supranational bodies, tied in a
fellowship with tens of millions through
out the world, in Axis and Allied coun-
tries, from which have come both the
counsel of restraints on earthly political
masters and some of the strongest
resistance to the murderous indignities
of Fascism, creating martyrs for Christ
in our own age.
A study of the lives and faiths of the
few hundred Germans who died on the
gallows for active resistance to Nazi-ism,
and who must be regarded as the truly
representative spirits of the fully con-
scious German rejection of Nazi-ism.
leads one to the inescape bic conclusion
that German redemption can only come
through the union Of Socialism and
Christian principle, for it was these two
movements which the German martyrs
fused.
The specific criticisms and recsm-
mendations regarding peace made by
the Federal Councils report on world
order are beyond the scope of this edi-
torial. We shall return to them and Of,
more than one occasion-but they are
the counsels of men who have laid aside
passion in the quest for valid principle,
who speak for the American conscience,
who have malice toward none, and who,
by reason of this, should be heard.
Evening star., 1946-03-11

From both great branches of the
Christian church, Catholic and Protes-
tant, have come in these last days ex-
hortations to seek peace, between and
within human societies, through the ap-
plication of Christian principles Of JUS
tice, mercy and stewardship.
On Wednesday, March s, Cardinal
Spellman, addressing vast gathering
Metropolitan Opera, asserted:
Faith alone can survive and sur
mount the ruthless, mutinous passions
OF pretenders to peace who presume
the power to define and impose it.
Peace is the work of justice, and justice
cannot yield her ripe fruit of wisdom
while freedom is still shackled by the
conceits Of men j. who bar peo-
piles and nations from the mutual under
standing upon which true peace must
be based"
And on Maych 8, the Federal Council
of the Churches of Christ in America,
representative of the great majority Of
the Protestant communities of America,
issued a sober. thoughtful and detailed
report on "The Churches and World
Order"
Thus great Christian criticism of
secular policy is forming within the
frames of reference which are the basis
Of our culture-a criticism the more
powerful and influential because it ap-
peals beyond national or group interest
to principle and consideration of the
long-range welfare of humanity.
The Christian churches of America
embrace a larger body of our citizenship
than any other organizations wfatso-
ever. There are, for instance, nearly
twice as many Catholics as there are
members OF both great trade union
bodies. There are more than five times
as many Christian communicates
counted altogether.
There are, In the churches, thousands
Of simple pastors and priests, and hun
dreds Of distinguished inteliects, and
whatever their shortcomings, as human
individuals may have, there is no other
such body of moral and intellectual
leadership devoted to the maintenance
and improvement of standards and
working at many points, for the same
end, with the only considerable Ameri-
can non-C Christian religious leaders: the
Jewish rabbinates.
1t Is in the American tradition, also,
that the churches should exercise their
influence and voice their criticism of
secular affairs. The earliest American
communities grew up around four insti-
Evening star., 1946-03-11
Russians at Suvunnuh

IN deciding at the last minute to
send observers to the international
monetary conference at Savannah,
Russia has indicated that it still
maintains at least a formal interest
IN efforts to promote world economic
cooperation. Its months-long fail
ure to respond to an invitation to
attend had created a contrary i'm
preston, but its belated move to
have representatives at the meeting
suggests that it does not want to
stand entirely aloof, and to that
extent its present attitude may be
considered encouraging.
It remains a question, however,
whether the sending of observers
means that the Stain government
is getting ready to become a full
fledged member of the international
monetary fund and of the world
bank worked out at the Breton
Woods Conference in 1914. At that
conference-to which the current
Savannah meeting is directly related
the Soviet delegation signed agree
ments committing Russia to mem
bership In both institutions, but
when the deadline for ratification
came at the end of last year, Moscow
deferred action, declaring that it
wanted more time before making a
final decision.
In some quarters it has been sug-
gested that the Russians have been
hesltant about becoming members
largely because they are reluctant to
make public their gold resources,
trade figures and similar data which
they have kept secret up to now but
which they would be obliged to re-
veal upon entering the international
fund as an active participant.
Whether Of not this is an accurate
explanation, however, they must
realize that numerous other factors
argue persuasively in favor of their
joining. One of these is that their
continued aloofness can serve only
to deepen the feeling that they are
stubbornly resolved not to cooper
ate; another one is that they can
hardly expect the United States to
give sympathetic consideration to
their request for billion dollar loan
II they do not take part in the Bret
ton Woods institutions and other
economic projects of the United Ma
tions, such as the forthcoming con-
ference on world trade.
Both the bank and the fund. of
course, can function without Russia.
but the Breton Woods program for
freer international trade and a
stable world economy would be
handicapped. Accordingly. it is un-
derstandable that the delegations
now meeting at Savannah should
have the liveliest interest in wonder
ing whether the arrival of Soviet
observers presages decision by the
Stain government to assume full
membership. 1t need hardly be said
that such a decision would be more
than welcome at time when there
is so much growing doubt and worry
about Moscow's willingness to CO.
operate in anything.
Evening star., 1946-03-11
End of StiIweII Rood

Americas decision to abandon the
Stilwel road, the impossible" mill
tary highway through the Burmese
jungles that American blood, sweat
and engineering miracles made DOS
sible, was an inevitable one. A
necessary expedient in time of war
IN order to reopen China's Burma
road lifeline, the amazing thirty
foot, two-lane motor highway carved
from the Assam Burma railhead at
Ledo, in Northeastern India, to the
Chinese border at Wanting, would
be a costly white elephant" to
maintain in time of peace. With
the recapture of Mandalay and Ran
COON and the reopening of the old
Burma road, the Ledo road, as it
first was known, would have become
superfluous, even if the war had not
ended as soon as it did.
The Stilwell road, so-named by
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek in
tribute to the American general who
opened the way for it to be built,
cost the United States in excess of
$137,000,000. It also cost the lives
OF many brave men-ground troops
who cleared the jungle OF Japs and
then pushed bulldozers over native
mountain trails or through almost
impenetrable tangles of bamboo and
matted vines: flyers who dropped
men, ammunition, food and other
supplies to those on the ground;
others who braved nerve-racking
hardships and dangers in order to
bring relief to our Chinese Allies.
An official British description of
the project comments: ''The road
bad to traverse the 5,0OO-foot ranges
OF Patkai Bum, cross the broad bowl
of the upper Chindwin Valley and
surmount the Hukawng watershed
before debouching into the Mogawng
Valley. A mule path had to be . :
trenched, banked, bridged and in
clined over some Of the worst coun-
try in the world, under the worst
weather conditions, bar none, in the
world, so close to the heels Of a
fighting advance that the forward
engineers were constantly attacked
by inf1ltrating Japs and each man
kept his rifle as handy as his pick
and shovel"
It Is this worst weather in the
world" including q wet monsoon
whose rains are measured in feet
rather than inches, that undoubtedly
Is 2 large factor in the decision to
give the road back to the few natives
along its path. Built mostly OF dirt,
because OF the scarcity Of rock ia
Burma. the highway soon becomes a
quagmire in the rainy season unless
constantly attended. The United
States cannot be expected to UNDER
take this costly maintenance Job
indefinitely and 1t Is doubtful that
Evening star., 1946-03-11
Fumine and Politics

Certain elements within the Con-
gress Of Industrial Organizations
seem more intent upon making po-
litical capital out of the appoint
ment of Herbert Hoover to the hon
orary Craftsmanship of the Presi-
dents Famine Emergency Commit
tee than in doing anything to help
feed the starving people Of Europe.
The National Citizens Political
Action Committee says that ''there
is every reason to believe that
Herbert Hoover will use the Selective
giving of food as a weapon against
democratic forces in Europe" This
is shockingly irresponsible and un-
supportable statement. It will meet
with a popular reception in that
fringe OF Communists and extreme
left wingers who do business with
the PAC, but it will come as some
thing of an affront to many mil
lions Of Americans who, whatever
their political aff1liations, have con-
fldence in MIR. Hoover's integrity.
Certainly, President Truman is not
going to remove Mr.. Hoover from
the famine committee at the behest
OF the character assassins in the
PAC, and the latter must know that
this is the case. Consequently, it
is reasonable to conclude that the
attacks on Mr.. Hoover are inspired
by the shah hest sort of political
considerations. and that they are
being pressed in disregard of the
fact that, if they have any effect,
1t will be to create disunity in this
country at the expense of the peo-
pie in Europe who need our help.
Another reckless attack has come
from Donald Henderson, president
of the CIO Food, Tobacco, Agricul-
ture and Allied Workers of America.
He says that after World War I
millions of European and Asian
people died of starvation because
Hoover did not approve of their de-,
sires for independent, democratic
political action" And he adds that
MIR. Hoover's appointment to the
World War II committee cannot
kpspire anything but mistrust, not
only among our own people, but also
among the peoples abroad"
So far, there has been no evidence
of this "mistrust," if one discounts
the enthusiastic Endorsement of Mr..
Henderson's statement which has
come from the Communist Daily
Worker. But if Mr.. Henderson and
those allied with him in this shame
full campaign can have their way,
they will stir it up.
Evening star., 1946-03-11
False Premises
From the Baltimore Sun.


No one would argue that all union
contracts are flouted or that the unions
always fout prudent leadership. Incl
dents like these in New York are the
exception rather than the rule. But
public policy must be broad enough to
take care of exceptional behavior. So
it is clear that prolabor laws assuming
union responsibility are false in their
premises. 1t follows that 'antilabor
laws which assume that unions are
potentially responsible that union
leaders can control their men but don't
ARE also based on false premise. Is
not the true conclusion, then, that
workingmen must be dealt with under
the law not as union members at all
but as individuals, like the rest of us?
In that case, would the solution to labor
problems not lie in the return of work.
ingmen at least in some degree to that
simple equality before the anticon-
spiracy law. the antitrust law, the anti
violence law, ETC., which is all any Of
the rest of us can ask?