davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-05

For almost century the foreign and
military policies Of the United States
were based on one simple formula which
was widely understood and almost uni
versally supported by the American
people-the Monroe Doctrine. Because
it was so understood and so supported
the policies based upon it had perrna-
nence and power.
Now the fundamental thesis of the
Monroe Doctrine has become obsolete,
as the world .zzSsss smaller We are in
the process of shifting from the old
defensive doctrine to new one, a posi-
tive assumption OF American respon-
sibility for the maintenance OF world
peace and security as the only means
by which our own security may be pre-
served.
In Germany. until recently, we have
drifted and waited, trying to get agreed
solutions of German problems. This Is
the negative approach. Now we shift
to the positive approach, and direct
it toward the German people We say
that we are going to put the Germans
back to useful work, and that we are
going to give them opportunity to ac-
quire, in local self-government, the ex-
perience of political responsibility which
they have never had in all their history.
Since we cannot get all four occupying
powers to agree, we will do these things
In our own zone of occupation and in co.
operation with any Of the other powers
who viii come in with us. The British
promptly will join us. We have made q
start. But Immediately there arise po-
litical, military and economic considera-
tions which must be dealt with The
French do> not like our plan because
they fear restored Germany cannot
be controlled. We counter with pro-
posal to help guarantee the continued
disarmament of Germany for 40 years
until new generation has had time to
grow up which knows not the flesh
pots Of militarism, q new generation
which will have had no military i'm
doctrination and which, BY experience.
will have begun to work out its own
. political way of life. Eventually this
may well mean that such a treaty will
be- concluded between the United States.
Britain and probably France: that Hoi-
land and Belgium win be drawn into .
general economic arrangement for Vest
ern Europe, and that the standard Of
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Our Plans for Germany
By George Fielding Eliot

living of West European peoples, the
sum total of human happiness ano
human stability, will begin to rise.
This Is not the negative idea of Or
ganizing western bloc to oppose Rus
STA. This is the positive idea of helping
group of interdependent peoples to get
back to work, in association with others,
and thus to reacquire strength to as
sumo their fair share of responsibility
for keeping the peace of the world.
There should, of course, never be mo-
ment when the door should not be open
for the Russians to come in, to adhere to
the 40-year treaty and add their Ger
man zone to the federal structure OF the
west. But it is not likely, at present,
that they will DO so. They say they are
opposed to the federal idea, and appar-
entity they want strong central gov
ernment in the hope that they can
eventually control it. while we want q
central government OF strictly limited
and closely supervised powers which
shall be the creature and not the master
Of the various states of the federal sys-
tenn, as Mr.. Byrnes said at Paris on
Thursday.
k3uC LQlQk,bQe Tedl TcdSOii loi 1suooAeIAi
opposition goes deeper than any argu-
ment over the structure of new Ger
man government. It goes to the funda-
mental thesis Of the American plan.
That plan is directed toward those hui
man values and human needs which
form the foundation Of our new policy.
It can be interpreted by the ordinary
German and by Frenchmen, Dutchmen,
Belgians and others as wen-in terms OF
how it affects standards Of living and
standards of life. If these results are
beneficial, that fact cannot be concealed.
If the Germans OF the west begin to have
better life than the Germans OF the
east, no iron curtain which Soviet wit
can devise can prevent the eastern Ger
mans from finding 1t out. # the Ger
mans CT the west, in the course OF time,
begin to acquire q taste of freedom, no
Soviet regulations can prevent that fact
from affecting the Germans Of the east.
The realization that this will surely be
SO, the fear of the result II 1t should be
SO, lies behind all the present Soviet att
tittde Of obstruction and delay. This
fear Of comparisons Is indeed the motif
waiting force OF Soviet policy today.
(Copyrisht, 1o46.1
Evening star., 1946-10-05
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The Eext Congress-in the process of
being chosen now-will have to fish or
cut bait on the question of this coun-
try's military establishment.
The present Congress sidestepped and
avoided the issue. giving its attention
mainly to tearing down the great Army,
Navy and Air Forces which had been
built up to win the war 1t had before
it the recommendation of its own COM
mittee headed by Representative Wood
rum of Virginia, that it adopt system
of universal military training. 1t had
before it the recommendations of the
President and the War and Navy De-
partments, also looking to a system of
universal training, and it had before it
plans for the unification Of the armed
services. 1t did nothing. With an cleo
ton in the off1ng, too many OF the mem
bers were afraid to tackle the issue OF
proper and adequate national defense.
The war Department now has come
forward with modified plan for uni
versal military training, cutting the
original proposal for years training
TO six-nonth period-but with a Sec
ond six-month period to be given to
training with the National Guard, to
training in college with the Reserve
Of6cers' Training Corps or to advanced
technical training In the Enlisted Re-
serve Corps. Another alternative is en-
Iistment, after the first six months In
armed services
The plan will have the opposition of
those citizens-and members OF Con-
gress-wio are against any such system
and who prefer to put their trust, as
did the late william Jennings Bryan
in the idea that If this country were
attacked a million men would spring
to arms overnight. Also there are those
who contend that it is not necessary to
train all the ahle-bodied young men to
arms-that with such weapons as the
atomic bomb. jet planes and missiles
a comparatively small force can protect
the United States from attack. Scien-
tific research. they claim, can do the
job better than military training.
The War Department released Its pro-
posed plan at this time In an effort to
get support Of the American Legion,
meeting in San Francisco and also to
get the plan out in time for considers
ton Of the new Congress which is to
meet next January. Every member OF
the House must be elected on Novem-
ber S, and more than one-third Of the
Senate membership. It would be an
Evening star., 1946-10-05

Russian Foreign Minister Molotov's
trip to Moscow is regarded as Of major
Importance In washington diplomatic
quarters, because OF the tnmistakably
strong line taken by the United States
both at the Paris Peace Conference and
at the United Nations meetings.
The Russian delegation at Paris sided
with the other Slay countries In oppos-
ing the Trieste settlement, but was
defeated by 14-6 vote. The American
delegation led the fight for the settle
merlt.
Secretary Byrnes' Thursday speech
also made deep impression on Moscow,
where any frmness shown by the
American Government was discounted
heretofore.
The departure of Mr.. Wallace from
the cabinet and the obvious desire OF
the American people to back the foreign
policy of Mr.. Byrnes are said to have
caused the Kremlin,s leaders to give
come thought to what appears to them
TO be new situation, deserving more
.ttention than In the past.
Moreover, the Russian leaders are
aware that the American Government
Will COticiGCI ally dSSlCoo2OtA dSd1iioo
Greece. Turkey or Iran as a matter
directly concerning this Government.
The United States does not wish, in
the event of aggression, to see the
United Nations confine its activities to
pious wishes and meaningless resolu-
tions which, while high-sounding, will
not help these countries defend their
freedom.
1t is known that early this week at a
gathering of high-ranking officials in
the departments responsible for shaping
and enforcing the policies of the United
States, the threats to these three coun-
tries were discussed and it was decided
to support them with every means avail
able to this country.
The life of the United Nations, to
which the American people pin SO much
hope, would be jeopardized If this coun-
try accepted accomplished facts brought
about by aggressions.
1t is in that spirit that the American
Government has decided to use every
available means to prevent the demise
Of the United Nations. which was the
only tangible gain from the defeat Of
the Axis.
The unexpected upSurge Of American
leadership In International affairs, which
is coincident with a dwindling of the
Evening star., 1946-10-05
A Brown Throsher Sings

Alone and notionleSs among the ledUes,
indifferent to nle-or unnUore.
He lays a fragile music ON the air,
A song OF mystery that Tits and griepes.
Voicing a secret sorrop or a joy
Beyond translation. his scdrce-opened
bill
Shapes a naelodious passion, husied
and still,
That louder declaration might destroy.
Broun bird. your notes OF pain and
ecstasy
Are glimnaerinp pearls upon thread
OF sound
or blossoms lightly tossed upon the
ground.
No pords could touch my heart 80
poignnntly.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
The Churm of the Old Stories

From the st. Louis Post Dispatch:
Is it waste of time for children
nowadays to read the old, traditional
fairy tales? Paul Engle, the Iowa poet,
has just reread Arabian Nights" in the
celebrated translation by Andrew Lang,
and sSys that far from being waste,
it is a profitable investment for young
Americans. His thoughts. after his
evening with that irrepressible seaman.
Sindbad. in the Valley of Diamonds
among the cannibals, on the Island of
the Apes and in the Cavern of tire
Dead, were reported in a Chicago
Tribune book review.
How eternally right Mr. Engle Isl AS
he says, it is only because some men
allowed their imaginations to follow
where fancy led that this world of
present-day wonders has come to be.
The comforts and devices we accept as
commonplace now and attribute to in
ventors, if we think to credit them at all,
dreamers, who like as not were dis
missed as idlers or worse in their own
times.
So while Mr. Engle raised his glass to
Aladdin and company, we should like
to go him three or four better and salute
as well some of the other classics Of
childhood. The tales collected by the
brothers Grimm century and quar-
ter ago have stood lesser test in time.
but there is the stuff of Immortality
in them Not all are pretty stories, and
we are aware of the criticism that has
been leveled at them on that score Yet
they were peoples folklore. passed
from old to young in the chimney cor
ner and at the cradle. The child who
grows up without them has missed
rightful inheritance.
The slender volumes Of fairy tales
by the Danish genius, Hans Christian
Andersen are worth a whole bookcase
full of current stories for juveniles. But
they are not for children alone. Such
stories as those about the Tin Soldier
and the Ugly Duckling not only enter
tain, but instruct. Adults who have
never read them can have a rich ex-
perience If they will set aside their
grownup pretensions for an hour or so.
"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
and Through the Looking Glass" are.
of course, stories which captivate read-
ers of all ages; in recent years adults
have pretty much taken them over for
the wisdom that lies in the sayings of
the topsy-turvy worlds fascinating
little inhabitants. The one surest sign
that the American people are beginning
to grow up is that In recent years Paul
Bunyan, the fabulous lumberjack, and
Mike Fink, the legendary Mississippi
flatboatman, have been accepted as
national, sons. When we quit reading
the classic tales of childhood, it will,
be q sorry world.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Trumon Tiehtens Up
On Press Relations
Observer Detects New Attitude
As Result of Controversies
By Doris Fleeson

ny DOTfS FteeSOu
A new Truman was unveiled at his
latest press conference.
When the reporters filed in, the Pres
ident had before him a typewriter
statement covering his position on Re-
conversion Director Steelman's report
declaring that runaway prices carry the
threat of depression. He said rather
grimly that he wanted to present the
facts, that in handling this matter the
press ought to stick to the facts and
these were the facts.
It was not very difficult to grasp that
the President felt 'the facts" had been
getting rather rough treatment lately
so far as he was concerned. Some sharp
skirmishing about the meat situation
and whether it would be better or worse
confirmed this impression.
This initial dash of cold water was
followed by steady hosing of mo COM
ment" or "see the other fellow" A half
a dozen such replies and it became OBJ
vious the conference was getting no.
where fast and 1t was terminated with
unusual speed.
Curtness Surprising.
Although 1t has been clear for long
time that the President could not han
die a press conference with the flexible
resourcefulness which produces news,
yet leaves him in the clear on contro-
versial subjects, it still comes as shock
when Mr.. Truman gets curt. He is nor
mally so friendly, so plain talkative in
the folksy manner Of his Missouri back
ground. He likes give and take and he
has resisted up to now repeated efforts
by some of his advisers to sell him the
Coolidgean manner.
He has also rejected their suggestion
that he see the press only when he
has something to say instead of on
regular schedule. That schedule has
been cut down from the Roosevelt twice
a-week, Tuesday and Friday, to one
day week announced only a day in
advance. But he has rarely skipped it.
One week it is held in the morning
for the afternoon papers, the next in
the afternoon so the morning papers
get the break.
Mr.. Truman will not hear of the writ
ten question idea. That, he thinks,
would be an admission of defeat and
he won't make it.
Campaign Role Undecided.
His most immediate and acute prob
lem in public relations is not. however,
his press conferences but those CAM
paign speeches he promised to make
in various States and admitted he would
make. The truth is neither the candi-
dates who asked for his help nor the
Democratic National Committee are en-
tirely sure campaign speeches right now
by Mr. Truman would have the desired
effect
Between public wrath over the meat
shortage and left-wing ire over the
Wallace break they can't be certain
what reception he might get in the large
cities of New York, Boston, Hartford.
Philadelphia, which were on his tenta-
tive itinerary. National Chairman Han
negan's present version is that "the
idea hasn't been abandoned"
A probable solution is for the Presi-
dent to make one or more political
speeches by radio from the White House.
1t can't then be charged that he feared
to get into the campaign but the haz-
ards of a personal appearance amid
touchy crowds would be avoided.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Registration Cords

From the Toronto Star.
There is no excuse, let alone reason.
for retaining system which may be
all right in some parts Of Europe. but
has no place In q free democracy like
Canada. Canadians do not require to
be ticketed and numbered The police
mind favors such q system, but the
police mind should not prevail at Ottawa.
Canada got along very nicely without
registration cards before the war, and
would continue to get along splendidly
without them II they were abolished,
as they should be, forthwith.
Evening star., 1946-10-05

draft constitution less acceptable to
De Gaulle and his hackers than the
present one. Meanwhile the added
confusion and tension In French
political life would further compli-
cate the progress Of French internal
recovery and diplomatic standing.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Reaction to Street Widening

Reaction to Street Widening
To the Editor Of The Star:
The Stars recent editorial on "The
Toll of Noise" strikes responsive note
in the hearts of harassed city dwellers.
Perhaps the worst and one of the
most senseless of all the intolerable
screenings that assail our long suffer
ing ears is that of the incessant drilling
Of ripping up streets and sidewalks, oc-
casioned by indiscriminate and unjusti-
fable street-widening projects.
Life has been made hideous for
months to the dwellers in our part of
the city and nerves have been shattered
wholesale by the destruction going on
in Twentieth street, and the end is
not yet.
Trees ruthlessly have been hacked
down and lawns and sl1rubbery de-
stroyed SO that. along with the torture
OF the unremitting racket, We now
breathe in full strength the noxious car
bon dioxide fumes which leafy foliage
formerly absorbed.
And to what result?
That few more cars carrying one or
two occupants each may reach the next
stop light split second sooner.
viii all the other values of life have
to be destroyed in our urban areas be-
fore we learn that the problem of mass
transportation never will be solved" in
congested areas BY the wasteful indi-
vidualistic chaos of janming into the
public streets more and more private
locomotives" only partially filled and
used for only an hour or two q day?
Eventually this will reach the reductio
ad abs,lrdum where nothing at all can
move.
The only ultimate solution is to de-
velop an adequate system of co-ordi-
mated public transportation and to edu-
cate the public into using 1t.
THERESA H. RUSSELL.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Jefferson Quoted on Wolf

TO the Editor OF The Star.
The New Deal is on the way out; it
contains too much communism and we
the people do not want it. Frantic and
futile efforts on the part Of some Of the
pink professors to calm the country in
regard to communistic rule. which has
seriously hampered reconversion, win
not impress red-blooded Americans.
Thomas Jefferson said, THE time to
guard against corruption and tyranny
is before they have gotten hold Of us.
It is better to keep the wolf out Of the
fold than to trust drawing his teeth and
claws after he shall have entered"
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Denies Mistranslation

To the Editor OF The Star:
The news item appearing In The Star
Of october regarding my article in
Human Events" ON the British peace
offer quotes Mr.. Mori, author of the
book upon which my story is based. as
stating at Tokyo that Britain did not
request the return Of Singapore.
As you pertinently point out, Mr..
Morris statement conflicts with my
translation OF the alleged British peace
terms. But there Is no mistranslation in
my article. Mr.. Morris book plainly says
that Britain asked for the return of
Singapore.
Mr.. Mori Is my former colleague on
the Osaka Mainichi. and I have unre-
served confidence and respect for him.
Unless he is obliged to retract some of
his statements In his book for some
political reasons, I am sure he will
maintain the stand he has taken.
The book is an attempt to drive home
to the japanese people Japan's disunion
and degeneration caused in the 40
years Of whirlwind," largely by the mill
tarists' meddling with politics, diplo-
macy, education, social and economic
order. It urges upon the public the Inn
perative need of its complete mental re-
orientation.
One, therefore. reasonably may as
sumo that the book made very favor
able impression upon the Allied censors.
So impressed, the censors may have
overlooked or thought harmless the pas
sages dealing with the British peace
offer which appear in chapter en-
titled ''Tohokais Movement to Over
throw the TOTO Cabinet" The Tohokai
was the political organization Of which
Seigo Nakano was the leader.
KIYOSFI K. KAWAKAMI.
Evening star., 1946-10-05
Letters to The Star
Negro Reader Discusses Limit
On Army Enlistments

To the Editor OF The Star:
Under existing conditions, 1t Is d
known fact that our Army is far below
It's needed strength Draft boards are
scratching bottom in order to fill their
quotas. Congress spent months trying
to devise means OF maintaining q
strong Army. Everything is being done
to make the lot of the soldier more at
tractiye in order that men will enlist.
Everywhere look see signs designed
to attract men to the service.
Yet in spite of all this fanfare for
additional men for the Army, I find
that when try to enlist / am turned
away. Not because am too old. Not
because am too young. Not because I
am not physically fit. Not because am
not loyal American. Not because am
q Communist. Not because am not a
citizen of this country.
Then why am refused an enlistment
in the Army of the United States?
Simply because am Negro Mem
bers Of any other race, provided that
they are citizens of this country, can
enlist, but not the Negro.
Why7 Because the Army says that
the Negro is above his allotted 10 per
cent. Is that how the war was fought?
Did we fight our 10 per cent? Did we
bleed our 10 per cent in North Africa,
France, Germany, italy. the South Pa
cific2 Do we only share in 10 per cent
Of the peace? Did the families of Dorie
Miller and other Negro heroes lose only
10 per cent OF their family? Is this the
peace pattern that our country Is to
follow? Is this the peace pattern that
our country hopes the world will follow?
How can this country expect to cham
pion justice and tolerance abroad when
our representative force in foreign lands,
the Army, is rife with such intolerance?
write this letter to you because your
paper has always fought on the side of
justice and tolerance. I am sure that
the majority Of the citizens of this coun-
try are not aware of this unjust policy
of the Army of barring Negro enlist
ments. WILLIAM C. BOYD.
Evening star., 1946-12-04
Evans Job Safe From Moncuso
Valued as Riqht Side Sticker

Frank Mancuso, the Mats new
catcher, won't oust AL Evans from
the top spot In the receiving de-
partment, says President Clark Grit
fifth, but he's right-handed hitter
who represents the first step toward
breaking up Washington's surplus
of southpaw batters.
Mancuso, obtained from the st.
Louis Browns in exchange for
Catcher Jake Early, is the first
right-handed batter landed by Grit
fifth in his quest for fellows who may
be able to capitalize on Griffith
Stadiumis shortened left field fence
next season.
Younger brother Of Gus Mancuso
of New York Giants catching fame,
Frank isn't noted as a hitter. He
batted .205 in 1914, 1858 in 1945 and
about .240 last season, but in re-
leasing Early the Mats aren't losing
slugger. Jake batted .287 in i941
but in five other full seasons with
Washington he didn't come within
20 points of that figure and hit a
meager POI last season.
Twenty-eight years old, three
years younger than Early, Mancuso
broke into organized baseball with
Blytheville. Ark, in 1887 and later
played with San Antonio before en-
Evening star., 1946-12-04
Minors Want Retiring Bromhom
To Remuin in ConsuItunt Role

Crosetti, one-time Yankee infield
star, and recently signed Charley
Dresser. Z
Brooklyn announced it had traded
Veteran Outfielder Augie Galan to
Cincinnati for another veteran
Pitcher Ed Heusser, and the Amer
ican League champs, the Boston Red
Sox, gave Pinky Higgins his release
to manage the Roanoke club of the
Piedmont League.
The Red Sox added another house
cleaning note with the signing of
Pitcher Mace Brown, along with
another oldtimer, George Pipgras,
as scouts.
Jurges Reported Angels Pilot.
Reports here said Billy Jurges,
veteran shortstop, would be sent
by the Chicago Cubs to manage
their triple-A farm, Los Angeles,
while advices from Chicago said
Jurges quietly had been taken off
the active player roster-and would
remain there as coach.
OF widespread interest was the
huddle between the former cinderel-
la boss of the st. Louis Browns,
Luke Sewell, and President G. J.
Jebeles of the Birmingham club OF
the Southern Association, who needs
a manager. Sewell remains one OF
the greatest athletic figures in Uni
versity Of Alabama history, and his
return to the deep South would
prove popular in that loop.