davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
Lincoln Established Department
Of Agriculture 81 Years Ago

opens so wide q field for the profit
able and agreeable combination of
labor with cultivated thought as
agriculture. Every blade Of grass
Is a study; and to produce two
where there once was but one is
both profit and a pleasure. And
not grass alone, but soils, seeds and
seasons, saving crops, diseases Of
crops, what will prevent and cure
them; hogs, horses and cattle;
trees, shrubs, fruits, plants and
fiowers-each is a world Of study
within ITSELF
His words were prophetic of the
research conducted today by plant
breeders, animal husbandmen and
soil scientists at state agricultural
colleges and experiment stations.
There was great room for. prog
ress in agriculture when Lincoln en-
tered the White House. Farming was
still being done with horse power
although an impressive start had
been made in mechanization. But it
still took about as long to pillow
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

81 have caused the department Of
agriculture of the United States to
be organized to carry out the act Of
congress of May 18th last. The COM
missioner informs me that within
the period of a few months this de-
partment has established an extern
sive system of correspondence and
exchanges, both at home and
abroad, which promise to effect
highly beneficial results in the de-
velopment of a current knowledge
of recent Improvements of agricul-
ture, in the introduction of new
products and in the collection of the
agricultural statistics of the differ
ent states. Also it will be prepared
to distribute largely seeds, cereals,
plants and cuttings, and has already
published and literally diffused
much valuable information"
The department of agriculture
thus played its part in the Civil
war. Its services to the nations
farmers have continued to grow.
Every farm home today feels its
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

field, plant a crop and cultivate it
as it had in George Washington
time. This was particularly true in
the pioneer areas of settlement in
the West.
Reaper Coming into Use.
The early 1905 had witnessed the
introduction of the reaper but its
use was not universal when the
Civil war broke out. Farmers had
been using the steel pillow for about
Is years. The modern fertilizer in
dustry was not established until
1850, after scientific experiments in
Europe had demonstrated the value
of plant feeding. BY 1860 production
had reached only 10000 tons. Last
years farmers used more than
100000 tons.
Food production was just as i'm
portant in the Civil war as in
World Wars I and II. Lincoln and
his advisers sought measures both
near and long range that would
strengthen the position of agricul-
ture. The administration threw it's
weight behind three major bills and
within a year they had become the
law of the land. They were: the act
establishing the U. S. department
of agriculture; the land grant COL
lege act to which the nations farm
ers today owe the existence of the
far-flung system of agricultural col
leges in every state of the union,
and the homestead act.
Lincoln had advocated the estab-
lishment of a department of agricul-
ture in his first message to con-
gress, in December, 1861. Then he
had said:
agriculture, confessedly the larg-
est interest Of the nation, has not a
department nor a bureau, but
clerkship only. While it is important
that this great interest is so indie
pendent in its nature as not to have
demanded or extorted more from the
government, I respectfully ask con-
gress to consider whether something
more cannot voluntarily be given
with general advantage"
By the time he delivered his Sec
ond annual message, the depart
ment had been created and Lincoln
was able to report:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
B A RIBS by Baukhage

The Twentieth Century fund says
that in 1912 half our farmers re-
ceived only IL per cent of all farm
money income.
The Dean of Canterbury, Eng
land, after visiting America, said we
were 100 years behind Europe-and
from what I have seen of Europe
recently ! hope wen stay that far
behind.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

sion soils specialist at Oregon State
college. War substitute lining in the
crystalizing equipment failed, caus-
ing the shutdown.
GEORGIA
Elm making their 1916 plans,
Georgia farm families should strive
to maintain the gains they have
made in recent years." Walter
Brown, extension director, de-
clared. 1.-THE imitation threat con-
tinues and imitation is almost GER
tain to be followed by deflation."
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

complete overhaul Of all farm equip
ment every winter is goal worth
attempting and it's impossible il
you have to work out in the snow.
OREGON
A serious breakdown in the Alu-
NINA plant at Salem has interrupted
the production Of ammonium sui
phate for distribution to Oregon
farmers, but repairs are being
rushed 20 that shipments may be
resumed this month II present plans
work out. reports Art King. extern
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

benefits. Farmers everywhere are
assisted by county agents in i'm
proving their tillage methods, test
ing their soil to determine plant food
needs, SO as to increase the output
and quality of their crops.
The land grant college act or the
Morrill, act, signed by President
Lincoln on July 2, 1862, marked a
milestone in the development of sci
entific agriculture. The act gave to
each state as many times 10000
acres of public land as it had sena-
tors and representative - this land
to provide funds for the establish
ment and support of "a college
OF agriculture and mechanical
arts"
To-day the state agricultural COL
leges which Lincoln's administra-
ton helped to create are one of the
farmers greatest allies" said a
statement of the Middle West soil
improvement committee recent
ly. Their scientists and teachers
are constantly discovering new
facts about the soil and its plant
food needs, crop and livestock i'm
provement and better farming meth
DDS.
Practical Training.
"These colleges equip young
men to apply their training to prac-
teal farm work. Here and in the
agricultural experiment stations,
agronomists are carrying on tests
with crops, soils and fertilizers.
The benefit of this information is
available to any farmer seeking ad-
vice in applying nitrogen, phosphor-
us and potash to his land for profit
able crop production.
The third great agricultural
measure which marked Lincoln's
contribution to the future of Ameri-
can farming was the homestead
act which he signed May 20, 1862.
Since the day this act became op-
erative approximately $50 million
acres of public domain have been
thrown open to farm ownership.
The effect of the homestead act
in promoting farm production dur
ing and after the Civil war was tre-
mendous.
BY its provisions, 100 acres of
land was given free to every set
tier who would live on it for five
years. Landseekers rushed to take
advantage of the offer. Before the
war ended 2.5 million acres were al
located-or an average of Is thou
sand farms of 100 acres each.
Railroad lines were extended to
link the western farm lands with
the markets of the east. The food
these new farms produced helped
supply the union armies, and COM
bined with the agricultural output
of the east, built up a surplus that
found profitable market in Europe.
Following the Civil war the home
stead act was instrumental in build
ing up the farming empire west of
the Mississippi which became the
land of opportunity for the veterans
Of that war.
As America halls the 18th ami
versary of Lincoln's birth, agricul-
ture acknowledges its debt to him.
The progress farming had made in
the past 80 years would never have
been possible without his help.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15

Careful checking by American au-
thorities have revealed that most
anti-Nazis come from homes where
the father is either dead, an invalid
or dominated by his wife.
Fatal home accidents have been
decreasing for more than decade.
which when we think Of crossing
the street, makes US believe there
Is no place like home.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
Practical Farming Adpce Sent Out Agriculture COLLEGES

Most farmers are well acquainted
with the news and advice sent out
BY their state colleges Of agrieul-
ture. THESE colleges were estab-
hshed under the land grant college
act. Typical stories are the follow
ing:
Probably the best insurance on
any KANSAS farm against costly
machinery breakdowns u good
farm shop that can be heated and
made comfortable fer winter use. A
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
Great President
Always Remained
A Farmer at Heart

Abraham Lincoln sat at his
desk studying a document a
clerk had laid before him. Now
and then he would raise his eyes
to glance out the window at a
blue = clad sentry pacing the
White House lawn.
Soon he finished reading, took
off his steel-bowed spectacles,
reached for pen and signed his
name to the last page.
The paper he signed that May day
in 1862 was not an army-shifting or
der that would change the tide of
battles, but nevertheless its effects
have been felt in war and peace in
the three-quarters of century that
have followed. The document was
an "Act to Establish the United
States department of agriculture.
Thus in the agony of the Civil war
was born an organization which to-
day serves six million Of the ma
tons farms.
Americans remember Lincoln
best as the Great Emancipator
whose principles have stirred men
the world over. Few citizens, per-
haps, realize the profound effect
Lincoln and his administration had
on the agriculture of the United
States For not only did he foster
the act establishing the u. S. de-
partment of agriculture, but he pro-
NOTED other legislation that gave
farming an impetus that has speed
ed its development to this day.
Lincoln was farm bred. He nev-
er lost the feel of the earth. All his
life he was close student of agri-
culture. He knew it's needs and the
possibilities of its advancement as
few presidents have before or since.
The story of Lincoln's boyhood on
the farm is an American classic.
His early days were spent on a 30
acre tract near Knob creek about
10 miles from his birthplace at
Hodgenville, KY.
Moved to Indiana.
When Abe was seven years old,
the family moved across the Ohio
river into southern Indiana. Tragedy
was to come early into the young
boys life for it was here that his
mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln,
died. The Lincolns had established
themselves on knoll surrounded
by low-lying, marshy fields. Abe had
TO walk mile to haul drinking
water.
Thomas Lincoln had taken an OPP
ton on 100 acres of land at two
dollars an acre. He completed pay
ments on about half of that total,
varying his farming activities with
hunting and occasional jobs of car
pentry. Seven years after the family
had arrived in Indiana, the farms
cultivated area totaled only II
acres.
The Lincoln family moved to ILL
nois in 1880, taking up land along
the Sangamon river in Macon coun-
~. Soon after arriving, Abe reached
his 21st birthday. That meant free
dom from his fathers yoke. So he
bade farewell to his family and
moved on TO New Salem.
Student Of Agriculture.
As successful lawyer riding the
Illinois circuit and visiting neigh
boring states occasionally to try
cases, Lincoln was a close student
Of agriculture. He was often invited
to speak before farmers meetings.
One Of the most notable instances
historians record of his appear
ances before farm groups came in
1859 - year before he was elected
President - when he was invited to
address the agricultural fair held
by the Wisconsin State Agricultural
society at Milwaukee.
On that occasion he said:
"No other human occupation
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
Seek to Curb
Aggressiue War

Since I returned, the question
asked most often Of me concerning
the Nuremberg trials is the very
same one the Germans asked me
before the trials began: why don't
they shoot those rats and get it over
WITH" Ito the Germans the pris-
oners are the men who led them to
bondage and defeat.)
And so I have to repeat, YEARLY,
with the realization that most people
have missed the whole point of the
trials, that the miserable prisoners
in the dock, despite the fact that
their names were once blaZoned
across the world as the arch
Infamous of history, are unimpor-
tant. That it is far more important
to convict in open court, through
due process of law with all the volu-
minous evidence, the ideas for
which Goering, or Keitel or a
Won Papen, or Schacht, stood,
than to convict the men themselves.
That is the purpose of the trials
which are dragging their slow,
democratic length across the pages
of current history: to convict the
prisoners as conspirators in the
planning and the carrying out of ag-
gressive warfare; to establish in
the law we recognize that such
warfare is illegal.
Many lawyers bubble over the
technicaities of the process but
think when this case is studied
in the perspective of history, it will
be clear that the creation of the
precedent which it seeks to estab-
Hsh is worth all the time and money
and effort which has been expended
upon it. The law makes precedents
as well as follows them. This prece-
dent, if established, will serve as the
foundation stone in structure Of
collective security, a structure we
cannot build as long as we are blind
to the evil Of a nations deeds,
which we accept as a crime when
they are done by the individual.
reported in my first article from
Nuremberg that there was doubt
that certain Of the prisoners could
be convicted, that the military lead
ers might escape on the slender
excuse that they merely obeyed or
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1946-02-15
Was l!!{:]2:{iy l{{2a5!
Distance Dims Reality
Of Europe S Need Of Aid
WeI|-Being of U. S. in Contrast to Bleak Ruins
Of Old World; Trials of Nazis Point
Up Evils of MiIitarism.
BY BAUKHAGE
Ne,us Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, 1916 Eye Street, N. w
Washington, d. C.

WNU Service, 1916 Eye Street, N. w.,
Washington, d. C.
Back in this beautiful country
where houses have roofs, furnaces
have coal and larders have food in
them, and cigarettes are thrown
away haf-smoked, I find 1t hard to
realize that what I saw in wracked
and aching Europe is other than an
ugly nightmare.
For that reason I am less stunned
by the American attitude which Dor
ders on Indifference as to what
happens across the Atlantic. Less
stunned, yes. Not less alarmed.
When you walk among the ruins it
never occurs to you that Ameri-
cans who are the most generous,
the most sentimental and kindly
people in the world, who will empty
their pockets for famine-stricken,
flood-drenched, fire-swept folk from
Murmansk to Cape Horn, are not
willing and anxious to help rebuild
what others have torn down. Last
winter people died of exposure in
side their own homes in the city Of
Paris. This winter will be worse for
vast sections of many European
countries. Trees have been cut down
and burned for fuel, clothing has
been worn out, bedding has been
refashioned into crude garments,
the Tapping sheets Of canvas which
patched bombholes in the roof have
been shredded by the wind and
sleet.
But all that is far away. Far
away from me and I find that when
I lean back and look up from my
keyboard at the tip of the Wash
ington monument, hazy as it is in
the distance, it appears a real, iv-
ing and adjacent thing, compared
to the scenes Of which I was a part
such short time ago. The things
I saw with my eyes, the voices I
heard, the emotions I felt seem so
unreal now that they form only a
strange shadow-show in the re-
cesses Of my mind.
How, then, can you and I, going
about our business, reading few
lines in newspapers and periodi-
Gals, listening to a husky voice on
the radio, seeing the quick flash
Of events in the newsreels of these
distant folk, realize that we are
still, as we were in the days of
Cain and Abel, our brothers keep
er?
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Newton d. Baker Patients Need Old
Watches and Cameras

An appeal to local citizens for old
and used watches and cameras, for
use by soldiers at the Newton D.
Baker General Hospital, was made
this week by Mrs. Leo H. Miller,
chairman of the Camp and Hospital
Service for Washington County.
Explaining that these items are
valuable in the reconditioning pro-
gram, Mrs. Miller said that they will
be repaired by men attempting to
regain the use of their hands, and
at the same time help them to learn
things that will be an aid to them
in earning living once they return
to civilian life.
Electric corn popping machines
are also needed for the wards, Mrs.
Miller said, to provide corn for ward
parties and for men unable to leave
the wards.
Anyone having the required
items is urged to contact Mrs. Miller
at her home. The telephone number
is 755.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Morris Frock Post Meeting

The local Morris F'rock Post of
the American Legion is leading the
state in memberships, according to
an announcement made by Com
mander Samuel Cohen, at the regu-
lar meeting last week. Urging still
greater effort on the part of the
membership committee to reach the
goal of 1000 members, Cohen stated
that if this number is achieved be-
fore National Commander Stelle Wis
its Maryland the latter part of
April, he will probably include Ha-
gerstown in his itinerary.
The twenty-seventh anniversary
of the post was marked with a
birthday party at the Legion home
last night. Legionaires were present
ed a birthday cake by members of
the Legion Auxiliary.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Colonel Messersmith Awarded
Legion of Merit

Colonel Joshua R. Messersmith, of
the U. S. Army Transportation
Corps, has been awarded the Legion
of Merit for labor saving methods
and reorganization of activities
which maintained smooth flow of
personnel and cargo to the Pacific
Theatres, according to announce
ment made by the War Department
recently. Colonel Messersmith, who
is the son of Mr.. and Mrs. j. w.
Messersmith, Summit Avenue, is a
graduate of the local high school and
the United States Military Academy
at West Point. Assigned to Fl. Amir
strong, Honolulu, T. H., at the out
break of the war, he was later trans
ferred to San Francisco. On the
basis of his efficient performance
in that assignment, he was desig-
mated Deputy Chief Traffic Control
Division, Office of the Chief of
Transportation, Washington, D. c.
With his wife and daughter, Colonel
Messersmith makes his home in
Arlington, Va.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21

D. Baker Hospital, Martinsburg, W.
Va, were entertained at st. Pat
rick's Day party by the Hagerstown
Lions Club, last week, with the able
assistance and cooperation of sixty
local USO hostesses. The party was
held in the hospital gymnasium, APP
propriately decorated for the occa-
sion, and Massey H. Roe, acted as
Master of Ceremonies.
Charles Brannen Addresses Rotary
Charles Brannen, Assistant Secre-
tary of Agriculture, speaking at the
regular weekly luncheon meeting
of the Hagerstown Rotary Club last
week, gave high praise to the farm
ers' war effort, pointing out that the
miracles of farm production had as
much to do with the allied victory
as the production accomplishments
of industry.
Speaking of the future of farming,
the Assistant Secretary stated that
the farmers future depended on the
maintenance and improvement of
the standard of living.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Mothers Club Entertained

The Modern Mothers Club of the
st. Marks Lutheran Church was en-
tertained by the Mesdames Winnie
Mowen, Alkaline Ward, and Dorothy
South at the latter's home in Bridge
port, last week
The meeting was opened with the
singing of, Jesus Saviour, Pilot
Me-" followed by short devotion
period conducted by Mrs. Helen
Beckley.
An interesting discussion, on
the question, ''Why Won't They Be
Neat?" was led by Mrs. Chessie
Bailey.
Following a brief business SEES
sion, an auction sale was held.
Delicious refreshments were serv-
ed to the guests by the joint host
eSSes.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
st. Mary's Students Hosts To Parents

st. Mary's Students Hosts To Parents
Members of the newly formed
social club of st. Mary's High School
were hosts to their parents at a
st. Patrick's Day tea in the Parish
House Sunday afternoon, from four
to six o'clock.
Irish songs were sung during the
afternoon and Miss Alberta Mobley
and Mrs. A. H. Warne presided at
the tea table Arrangements for the
affair were in charge of Mrs. R.
V. Mitchell assisted by Mrs. c. w.
Stump, Jr., and the Misses Naomi
and Augusta Cearfoss, Mae and Rose
Pearl, Esther McCarren, Helen Ben
der, Lucy Carpegna and the Mes
danes William T. Snyder, Meigs
Fish, E. J. Krepp, Leon R. Hoover,
F. R. Roe, j. E. Knott, Jr., Scott
McKane and William F Martin.
Father Charles Dausch is organic
er of the new club and Sister Alloy
STA is moderator. Officers are: Tom
Martin, president; Vincent Hellane,
vice-president; Betty Bowers, secre-
tary, and Dolores Harbaugh, treas
urer.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Greensburg PIT. A. Meeting

A Founders Day program marked
the meeting of the Greensburg Par
ent-Teacher Association, held at the
Greensburg school building recent
ly.
The program, which followed a
short business session, was present.
ed by Mrs. Howard Leather, Mrs.
Lloyd Bowman, Sr., Vernon Leather
and the following children: Jerry
Leather, Phyllis Leather, Janet
Bowman. Refreshments were serv-
ed.
The next regular meeting will be
public auction, to be held on March
%.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Joseph Grove Completes Canal
Boat Model

A canal boat model, which is an
exact replica of the boats used on
the old B. and o. canal years ago,
has been completed by Joseph D.
Grove, of Williamsport, and will be
sent to the Ford American history
collection, along with a comprehen-
sive report of the origin and use of
the craft and the true dimensions of
the original boats. Mr.. Grove, whose
hobby ranges from the construction
of miniature boats to violin making,
started work on the model when he
discovered that the Ford collection
contained no model of this type.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21

A number of door prizes and spot
dance" prizes were awarded, the
latter being judged by the Misses
Audrey Grimm, Christine Good,
Bertha Holzer, Mildred Bishop,
Hazel Cash and Agnes Leonardo. Six
hospital wards, holding lucky num-
bers, were also awarded bushel bas-
kets of fruit.
The following Lions served on
the refreshment committee: Ken
meth L. Adams, chairman; Clarence
Eldridge, Joseph Hoffman, Martin
Ingram, George c. Taylor, Walter
Smith and John Poffenberger, and
the wives of Lion members assisted
at the refreshment tables.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Work To Start On Veteran Hous-
ing Units

The site for the location of the
so new veterans housing units, re-
Gently allotted the city, will be plot
ted and submitted to FMA officials
within the next few days, accord
ing to Charles W. Stump City En-
gineer, and may be available for
occupancy by June l. The units will
be located on city-owned land off
Frederick Street, near the municipal
swimming pool. Not much time will
be required to install water lines
and grade thoroughfare, Stump said.
Electric lines will be installed while
the knock-down units are being
erected.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-03-21
Chauncex Hyde Is Discharged

T/Sgt. Chauncey Hyde, who dur
ing his Army career produced more
than 500 shows and broadcasts, was
honorably discharged from Camp
Shelby, Miss, last week. After a
visit here with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. c. Hunter Hyde, South Potomac
Avenue, Hyde plans to return to
Hollywood, Calf, to resume the
radio work in which he was engaged
before his induction into the ser
vice.