davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Smithsonian Centennial Approaches
Continued From Page C-S)

Continued From Page C-S)
outstanding. He delved into science and
became one of its most shining lights.
In 1850. Mr.. Henry utilized weather
observers all over the country 10 secure
scientific information. He foraaw the
possibilities Of the newly invented tele-
graph in this work. Out of this research
grew his pioneering weather map,
through which he was enabled to make
forecasts. He showed these to The Star,
which tried publishing them. They
proved so popular that The Star carried
his forecasts every day.
He sought to interest Congress in
this work and the task, becoming too
onerous for Smithsonian resources later
was turned over to the Army Signal
Corps, which carried on weather re-
search for a number of years. Still
later, the Weather Bureau was set up
to perform this public service.
The second secretary, Spencer Fuller
ton Baird 1923 -188O, made speciality
OF marine life. He discovered that fish
were becoming scarce in New England
waters and interested Congress in estab-
fishing the United States Fish Commits
sion. He supervised its affairs as a
side line to his secretaryship. This is
the direct origin of the Bureau of
Fisheries, which has become the present.
Evening star., 1946-03-24

been the center of American jurispru-
dence, the city to which all lawyers in
the country turn for study of Govern
ment cases and Supreme Court deci-
sions. Because of the prestige it offers
of practicing before that court and the
opportunities for the practice of inter-
national law, it has been the goal Of
many young law student.
Now, Washington lawyers have taken
the lead to make the National Capital
the center OF world jurisprudence by
forming a worldwide organization for
the legal profession.
The organization is known as the
United Nations League of Lawyers and
It's membership is open to individual
lawyers and jurists throughout the
world. For the time being, it is ex-
pected that applicants will be only from
the United Nations. Despite the similar
ity of names, the league has no official
connection with the United Nations Or
ganization, but its leaders say they
hope to cooperate with the UNO to
make international law work for world
peace.
Chief Justice Harlan F.. Stone and
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Speech Therapy
Continued From Page C-3)

or articulatory defects sometimes due.
for example, to misplaced teeth.
Articulation defects usually need
three to four months for correction.
cleft palate cases six months, spastics
up to several years, because brain cells
and muscles must be trained to do the
things that damaged brain cells or
muscles cannot do.
First step in each case is a thorough
physical, examination followed by cor
rective surgery or medical treatment bv
the family physician or by cooperative
members of the local medical society. If
necessary.
Where the speech defect is coupled
with physical symptoms, as in spastic
paralysis, the institute trains body and
mind together.
THE normal child, with normal par
ents, learns to speak in three years." DR..
Palmer explains. In the first year 1t
learns to make all the sounds a human
being can make In the remaining two
years it organizes those sounds-learns
articulate speech.
1--WE try to follow the normal sequence
in speech development. If the child
or adult-comes to us absolutely with
out speech, We first teach him to make
vocal sounds
The Institute intends, with realization
OF its expansion plans, to have 12O
logopedists in training at time, instead
of IA, and to give corrective training to
$40 at time instead of 1873. Trained
logopedists would carry its program into
other communities, clinics and public
school systems.
To date, the institute has depended
on funds locally contributed, plus dis.
tributions from Community Chest or
State social welfare sources. The
Rockefeller Foundation gives 1t limited
aid for its library. Parents who can
afford to do so, pay up to s2e month
for their child's training.
1--WE feel that philanthropists have
here field in which real and lasting
good can be done." says DR.. Palmer.
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Lawyers Organize World League
United Nations
BarrlSterS to
Initiate Plan
Saturday

The need for a world organization,
said Heber H. Rice, former president of
the Federal Bar Association and one Of
the league organizers, grew out of the
war aftermath, when the United Ma
tons, drawn together by mutual en-
emies, began working to establish q
world of peace and law and order.
Lawyers of many nations played an
important role in drafting the Charter
Of the United Nations and. Mr. Rice
said, the usefulness of lawyers and the
value of their support in world affairs
have become strongly manifest.
During the war, he continued, groups
OF lawyers discussed the advisability
OF forming an international organiza-
tion in the legal profession, but their
Efforts to organize faded or their pro-
cedure appeared too slow or compli-
Gated to attract other lawyers.
1t was not until last summer that
Washington lawyers and representatives
from some of the embassies and lega-
tlons began to plan for the present
organization. In July legal advisers
from the British, Russian, Chinese and
French Embassies met with representa-
tives of the United States and decided
to invite lawyers from other United
Nations, through their embassies and
legations, to attend a meeting later
that month to make definite plans.
Purposes Outlined
By Committee of Ii
Lawyers from IA nations were present
at the second meeting and resolved
themselves into an organizing commit
te, naming Mr.. Rice secretary general
and committee of nine nations headed
by Sir Frederic Eggleston, Minister
from Australia, to draft a constitution
and bylaws, which will be presented
this month.
The purposes of the league, as stated
In the proposed constitution, are to
establish and maintain cooperative
relations among lawyers Of the United
Nations; to advance the science of law
In all It's phases; to foster the study of
international law and comparative law:
to encourage the development of law
as the basis on international relations;
to study and support the Charter of
the United Nations, and by these means
10 further the cause of friendship,
peace and good will among nations.
Other sponsors include Chief Justice
ID. Lawrence Groner of the Court of
Appeals and Chief Justice Bolitha j.
Laws of the District Court, Senator Pat
McCarren and Representative Hatton
w. Summers, chairmen of the Senate
and House Judiciary Committees. re-
spectively, and several State Supreme
Court justices.
Evening star., 1946-03-24

stream in an Army boat used in trans
porting munitions OF war over the Po-
tomac. At first Col. Fenwick, who was
IN charge of the boat, peremptorily re-
fused to let her return in this way, but
Dolly made herself known and 1t is
said she was driven in her carriage
into the frail boat, which bore her
homeward"
On January IL, 1886. shortly after
President Jackson crossed the newly
completed Long Bridge in 1885, he again
crossed this bridge to the Virginia side
to help lay the cornerstone of a site
to be known as Jackson City.
1t was to be a great manufacturing
city, and the site was to be Alexanders
or Holmes Island, which embraced at
that time about 500 acres of ground,
or at least that is said to have been its
Evening star., 1946-03-24

rial bridge across the Potomac, span
ming the river from Observatory Hill
to Arlington. Preliminary steps in this
direction were taken by ex-Gov. Curtin,
who introduced a bill into the House
providing for s50e,0O0 with which to
begin the work. Since then Capt. T.
w. Symons of the Engineer Corps
has devoted himself to the project, and
with the assistance of Messrs. Smith
meyer g. Pelz, architects, has pre-
pared plan for consideration. Capt.
Symons plans provides for a bridge,
the towers and abutments of which are
Evening star., 1946-03-24

avenue, crossing the Potomac and
Theodore Roosevelt Island at Arlington
and the Virginia shore. Capt. T. w.
Symons Of the Engineer Corps, assisted
by Smithmeyer e. Pelz, architects,
prepared a design and plans for this
bridge which was to be called the Grant
memorial bridge. An item published in
the early part of 1887, gives the follow
ing interesting account of the proposed
bridge:
THE GRANT MEMORIAL BRIDGE
AT WASHINGTON.
"A project for commemorating the
memory and fame of the late Gen.
Grant and adding another good attrac-
tion to the National Capital has taken
the form of an appeal to Congress
for money enough to build a memo
Evening star., 1946-03-24

AirvieaO from Virginia look
ing northa0estWard showing
doUnto1On Washington and
the probable location of the
single bridge or t1oin BRIDGES
to replace the old Fourteenth
Street Highway Bridge at left.
to be built entirely of granite resting
on a foundation of solid rock. All the
arches and draws are to be of steel.
The total length of the bridge will be
1850 feet: the central bascule span,
100 feet clear width; main arch spans,
24O feet clear width, and small spans,
l2o feet; carriageway, 40 feet wide;
sidewalks. 10 feet wide each.
The bridge Is to start from about
the level of the street on the WASH
ington side from point near the term
1nation OF New York avenue, across
Analostan Island in the Potomac, and
on the Arlington side connect with the
roads leading off into Virginia. The
formation OF the land is such on both
sides that the approaches to the bridge
Will be perfectly level, and not up a
steep embankment, as is often the case.
The draw will be 65 feet above the level
OF the water, allowing the passage of
steamboats, and small sailing vessels
without opening, and when open the
two sections will fit in between the
thanking towers on each side so as to
be concealed from view and at the same
time be shielded from injury by the
spars of passing vessels. The towers
will afford ample room for several
large halls over the arches, which can
be appropriately utilized as places of
deposit for the Grant memorials. The
two valves Of the draw, which Is to be
constructed on the bascule plan, are de-
signed to be raised by hydraulic pres
sure, the machinery for which can
either be located on shore or in one
of the towers. The cost of the memorial
bridge, according to the plans, will be
over 100000, and 1t Is proposed to
have it finished in time for dedication
on the occasion of the 4o0th anniversary
OF the discovery of America, in 1892"
Memorial Bridge Plan
Dated to Jefferson
AS stated, the cost of the bridge was
to be more than 100000 and when
we compare the cost of labor and
material at that date with the present
scale OF wages, we can easily see this
was to be very fine structure; at least
the design was very pleasing one and
probably more attractive than the
bridge as finally built.
Back in 1902, the matter of placing
memorial bridge on the Potomac was
discussed at one of the meetings of the
Association Of the Oldest Inhabitants.
At that time James Croggon, for MANY
years connected with The Star, said
that the matter had been agitated for
almost century. 1T is known" he
said, that President Thomas jefferson
favored the project and that one of the
earliest speeches of Henry Clay in Con-
gress was in behalf of an appropriation
for that purpose. In the memoirs of
Col. w. w. Seaton, continued Mr.. Crog-
gon, lis to be found letter Of Col. G.
w. P. Custis asking Mr.. Seaton to fovor
in the Daily Intelligencer the project
of building bridge on the lines sug-
gested by Mr.. jefferson and stating that
1t would touch the Arlington tract and
that the land necessary for the abut-
ments and approaches would cost
nothing.
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Old and New Bridges
Spanning the Potomac

troops. In self-defense the latter set
fire to the south end to keep them
selves out of harms reach.
AT the close of this war the WASH
ington Bridge Co. was paid a part OF
Its loss by Congress, since 1t was shown
that the southern portion had been set
af1re by the American forces.
During this invasion it was the in
tention of Dolly Madison to make her
return to Washington over this bridge,
after having had to leave so abruptly
on August "a, 1914. Finding the bridge
unusable, she was forced to cross the
Evening star., 1946-03-24

area in 1847 years after the bubble of
Lemon City" had been pricked
The city had to be laid out and for
this purpose an engineer was employed
by the New York men" said to be
financing the scheme. In his report
made the following year, the engineer
tells some of the conditions Of the land
to be turned into the great commercial
city. He said:
THE property purchased by the Jack
son City Association is situated in Alex
andria County, D. c., on the Virginia
side Of the Potomac River, directly op-
posite the City of Washington. 1t con-
sists of 572 A. o. R. % p, including the
area H. I. K. of land, divided into two
unequal portions by Gravelly or Flat
Greek, through which the tide formerly
ebbed and flowed; but since the erec-
ton Of the dixie at the upper end and
the cauSeway at the lower end this
creek is seldom submerged, indeed, never
is, except in time of floods. 1t is. how
ever, wet and marshy, producing lux
uriant growth of vegetation. 8
Healthy Conditions
Extolled in Report
"a large portion of the property,
amounting to 189 A., r., "a P, is south
of Gravelly Greek on elevated ground,
perfectly healthy, or will be rendered so
by the preliminary improvement, and is
abundantly supplied by numerous and
copious springs of cool and delicious
water. 1t is principally cleared and was
formerly cultivated as farm
The laying of the cornerstone of what
some called the "Humbug City" was a
notable event even in local history.
The population of the District at that
time was around 10000 and of the City
of Washington about 10000 and, judging
by the reports, nearly everybody turned
out to witness the parade and the en-
suing exercises, in which the idol of
the people, for whom the city was named,
formed conspicuous part.
Few of the newspapers here or else
where looked upon the project seriously,
nearly all of them taking the whole
matter as huge joke.
OF course, there had to be parade
incidental to the exercises. for Wash
ington then, and rarely now, celebrates
any important occasion without a
parade, brass band and fireworks.
Grant Bridge Planned,
But Never Materialized
Just when the bridge across the
Potomac, now contemplated, will be
built is still question We hope it
will not be like the Grant bridge, which
never materialized, and for which the
Arlington Memorial Bridge was later
substituted. From very early date,
it seems, the Government realized that
a bridge somewhere between the Aque-
duct Bridge and the Long Bridge was
badly needed. AS early as 1885 it even
went SO far as to have plans drawn
for bridge from Observatory Hill on
an approximate line with New York
Evening star., 1946-03-24
BY John Clagett Proctor

BY John Clagett Proctor
1UST how many bridges should be
built across the Potomac to replace
the present Highway Bridge. and
y how many lanes each bridge should
have is matter stirring varied opin-
ions.
Whatever type of bridge is finally
built here, no doubt, will be a credit to
the District and the Nation, and such a
bridge as our fathers never would have
dreamed of at the time the first bridge
was erected by board of directors of
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Harris L. Eninz ph,

-HaffIs q EWING PHOTO.
Associate Justices William o. Douglas
and Wiley Rutledge of the Supreme
Court are among the sponsors of the
league, which is scheduled to be for
mally launched March 80 at a meeting
at the National Museum auditorium. At
that time constitution will be SUBJ
mltted for approval and officers will be
elected. Justice Rutledge is slated to
preside
Evening star., 1946-03-24
Ice Formed Menace
To Early Bridges

Evidently the bridge erected by the
Government was not permanent job,
for on February 10, 1910, the new bridge
was nearly destroyed by ice, the draw
being almost carried away. Freshets
injured it again in 1856, 1868 and 1867,
and in 1870 part of the causeway and
the south draw were washed away. The
freshet of seven years later also in
jured it considerably, as did the dis
astrous flood of February, 1881, which
covered the lower part of the city from
the Washington Monument to the
Capitol with several feet of water and
caused Pennsylvania avenue to take on
Venetian appearance.
On this occasion part of the Long
Bridge gave way under the pressure of
the ice and water and, in doing so,
permitted the food to subside. This
was repeated in 1885, when the Avenue
again was flooded and much damage
done. The bridge acted as a dam,
especially at such times, when the ice
IN the river was breaking up.
Congress. to make matters worse, au-
thorized the Washington g. Alexandria
Railroad Co. on March 3, 1863, to extend
its tracks down Maryland avenue and
across the Long Bridge, provided it did
not interfere with regular travel over
the structure.
The exigency of the occasion may
have warranted the concession, but the
railroad company appears to have
taken advantage of the situation by
completing, in the following year,
bridge parallel to the original struc-
ture and subdividing the old spans by
piles driven at the distance of IL to 10
feet. In doing this, the design of the
original bridge was altered from a
truss bridge to one on piles.
Great indignation ensued, but moth
ing was done, and probably could not
be done to relieve the situation, other
than build a new bridge. This was
question of decades rather than days.
for 1t was not until December Is, 1906,
that Long Bridge was forever removed
and the present Highway Bridge took
Its place.
Prom military standpoint, the Long
Bridge also had its troubles back in
1914, when the British burned the
Washington end to prevent surprise
attack from Gen. Winders nondescript
Evening star., 1946-03-24
w ashington May
Become the Hub
OF International
Jurisprudence
BY Mary Cogdell

~ WASHINGTON, since the found
XA/ ing of the Federal Govern
wv ment and the establishment
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1946-08-15

The State of Mississippi.
To hurry Shurlds, whose place of
residence, street address and post
office address are unknown: and
to all persons having or claiming
any legal or equitable Interest,"
in the following described lands
situated in Holmes County, Mis-
sissippi, to-wit: Northwest quarter
of Northeast quarter and West
half of Northeast quarter of North
east quarter of Section Is, Township
IA North, Range l West:
You are summoned to appear be-
fore the Chancery Court of the
County of Holmes in said State, on
the second Monday of September,
A.D., 1916, to defend the suit No.
7457 in said Court of Cities Service
Oil Company to confirm and quiet
the title of Samuel Hearn to said
lands and to confirm and quiet the
title and interest of complainant
Cities Service Oil Company therein
under an oil, gas and mineral lease
held by it covering said lands and
wherein you are defendants.
This the 14th day of August, 1946.
PARHAM Fl. WILLIAMS,
Clerk of the Chancery Court OF
Holmes County, Mississippi.
(SEAL) 17-4tnp
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1946-08-15
SUMMONS

Inc State OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Adrian Wilkes, a nonresident of
the State of Mississippi, whose
post office address is First Nat
ional Bank, Lexington. Kentucky;
and to Mrs. H. H. Hill, a non-res-
ident of the State of Mississippi,
whose post office address and
street address is 1901 Edge Hill
Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee; and
to the unknown heirs of E. E.
Bean, deceased, and Matte L..
Leavenworth, deceased: and to all
persons having or claiming any
legal or equitable interest in the
following described lands situated
in Holmes County, Mississippi, to-
wit: Southeast quarter Of the
Northwest quarter and the North
east quarter of the Northwest
quarter and the Southwest quar-
ter of the Northeast quarter and
the West half of the Southeast
quarter of the Northeast quarter
of Section Is, Township IA North,
Pange ! West:
You are summoned to appear be-
fore the Chancery Court of the
County of Holmes in said State, on
the second Monday of September,
AID, 1916, to defend the suit No.
7458 in said Court of Cities Service
Oil Company to confirm and quiet
the title of j. E. Hearn to said land
and to confirm and quiet the title
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1946-08-15
cHANcERY

The State of Mississippi.
TO hurry Shurlds, whose place of
residence, street address and post
office address are unknown; and
to H. H. Fuqua, a nonresident
of the State Of Mississippi, whose
post office and street address is
1886 Carr Avenue, Memphis, Ten
nessee; and to Mrs. Alma Gray, a
a nonresident of the State of
Mississippi, whose post office and
street address is 621 Montrose
Drive, Atlanta, Georgia; and to
Mrs. John Stroupe, a nonresident
of the State of Mississippi, whose
post office and street address is
5046 Chippewa Street, st. Louis,
Missouri; and to A. L. Darnell, a
nonresident of the State of Mis-
sippi, whose post office address is
Bryan, Texas; and to the unknown
heirs at law of Noel White, de-
ceased, and B. M. Watson, de-
ceased; and to Leath Stigler, Ger
trude c. Base, j. S. Sharp and r.
w. Sharp, whose places Of resi-
dence, street addresses and post
office addresses are unknown; and
to Francis l.. Jordan, a non-reS-
ident of the State of Mississippi,
whose post office address is Weeks
Island, louisiana; and to Emily
O. Hanna, a nonresident of the
State of Mississippi, whose post
office address is Marion, Alabama;
and to Elizabeth Rayner Seat, a
nonresident of the State of Mis-
sissippi, whose post office and
street address is FOG Northeast
First Street, Washington, Indiana;
and to all persons having or claim
ing any legal or equitable interest
the following described lands
situated in Holmes County, Mis-
sissippi, to-wit: Northwest quar-
ter of the Southeast quarter of
jSection IL, Township IA North,
Range / West, and the Southwest
quarter of Section IL. Township
IA North, Range l West, and the
and the East half of the Southeast
quarter of Section IL. Township
IA North, Range / West, and the
South half of the Northeast quar-
ter and the Northeast quarter of
the Northeast quarter of Section
IA, Township IA North, Range !
Vest:
You are summoned to appear be-
ore the Chancery Court of the
Of Holmes in said State, on
he second Monday of September,
I'D, 1916, to defend the suit No.
ass in said Court of Cities Service
Dill Company to confirm and quiet
he title of Dixie o. Hearn and J..
Y. Hearn to said lands and to con-
irm and quiet the title and interest
If complainant Cities Service Oil
Company therein under an oil, gas
md mineral lease held by it cover
ng said lands and wherein you r
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1946-08-15
cHANcERY SUMMONS

The State of Mississippi.
To hurry Shurlds, whose place o.
residence, street address and pos
office address are unknown; anc
to all persons having or claiming
any legal or equitable interest in
the following described lands
situated in Holmes County, Mis-
sissippi, to-wit: North half Of the
North half of Section Is, Town
ship IA North, Range I East, and
the South hall, of Section z, Town
ship IA North, Range / East, and
the Northeast quarter Of the
Southeast quarter Of Section II,
Township Ia North, Range / West:
You are summoned to appear be-
fore the Chancery Court of the
County of Holmes in said State, on
the second Monday of September,
AID, 1916, to defend the Suit No.
7456 in said Court Of Cities Service
Oil Company to confirm and quiet
the title of j. F. Carpenter to said
lands and to confirm and quiet the
title and interest of complainant
Service Oil Company therein