davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Our Note to Warsaw

1t may not make the leopard
change his spots, but the State De-
partment's note on the forthcoming
Polish elections has the virtue at
least of accomplishing that the
United States still maintains lively
interest in the Yalta and Potsdam
Agreements and that it is deter
mined to focus as much attention
as possible on how the Warsaw pro-
visional regime lives up to them.
The issue involved is simply whether
the people of Poland are to enjoy
the political freedom solemnly prom
ised them or whether Communist
dominated minority, using fraud and
intimidation and taking its cue from
Moscow, is to rob them of their right
to have a government of their own
choosing.
The outlook in this respect is any
thing but promising. Along with
similar note from Britain, the
American note points out that the
recent Polish referendum-a kind of
laboratory test for the national cleo
tons now scheduled to be held in
November-wasm marked by serious
irregularities. As far as the voting
itself went, the referendum was car
ried out in generally correct and
fair manner" but the opposition to
the predominantly Communist re-
gime had no real chance to go be-
fore the people to debate the issues.
The Labor party and the Peasant
party-the latter probably backed by
a majority of Poles-could not cam
paign in any real sense of the word
They were censored; they could not
deliver speeches or distribute PAM
phlets against the Communist
favored one-house legislature; thou
sands of their members were ar
rested or otherwise intimidated; In
short, the Warsaw government made
quite sure that their voices would be
ineffectiye--surer still by exercising
control over the ballot count.
Further. according to the Ameri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
n, This Changing World -
By Constantine Broen

tianity. Their efforts were always frus-
trated by the British and the French,
who either came to Turkeys rescue
militarily or defeated the Muscovite
ambitions at various peace conferences
Today the Soviet dictators, hiding
behind the slogan of security against
aggression" believe that they can put
into effect the expansionist ambitions
Ct their crowned predecessors Ameri-
can military and diplomatic planners
are, however, fully aware that the con-
troll of the Dardanelles by Russia has
far greater implications than appear on
the surface. Russias request for mill
tary and naval bases in the Dardanelles
has three implications: Turkey will be
compelled to become another satellite
State: Greece then will soon be COM
PEELED to follow suit, and regardless of
the national aspirations of the Greek
people the country will become another
Yugoslavia or Bulgaria.
The u. S. S. r., then will control the
Eastern Mediterranean entirely, and with
it the Middle East, where she has al
ready established solid foundation
in Iran Once the western nations
have been eliminated from that vitality
important area, the independent Arab
states will have no choice but to &C
cept Soviet domination. In other words,
by the control of the Dardanelles and
the subjugation of Turkey, which is
inevitable as soon as the U. S. S. r. es-
tablishes its military forces on Turkish
territory, the Russians will become the
unchallenged rulers of the area from
the Elbe River to the Pacific
The situation was carefully studied
by the American political and war plan
ners before they recommended that
President Truman approve the note
which was sent to Moscow. The United
States does not desire to interfere with
the just claims of Russia that her navi-
CATION from the Black Sea to the Medi-
terranean should not be hampered by
some unilateral action of the Turks.
But at the same time the American
Government cannot agree to Russia S
thesis of swallowing up the smaller and
weaker States because of her thirst for
world domination.
The American note has served two
fold purpose: To give notice to the
Moscow rulers that We insist on a genu-
inc internationalization of the straits,
which President Truman stressed in his
Navy Day speech in 1945, and to tell
the Ankara government by implica-
ton, that we will not look impassively
on any attempt by Russia to rush the
Dardanelles issue by force of arms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
The Army and Refugees
By Gorge Fielding Eliot

FRANKFURT-The Honorable Flo
relic H. La Guardia is good man, but
at times impulsive. His sincere admirers
while he was mayor of New York have
always wished that His Honor would
follow the sound old rule of counting
ten, or maybe hundred, before shoot
ing off with a resounding blast of ora
torical pyrotechnics.
MI La Guardia does not like the idea
of the Army having the responsibility
Of looking after displaced persons, either
in the American zone or elsewhere. One
may hasten to add that the Army does
not like it either. But the cold hard
truth is that there is no other agency
which is at present capable of doing
the job, and the only other place
where the pitiful victims of racial, re-
ligious and political persecution can find
refuge in all the continent of Europe
is in the American zone of occupied
Germany.
do not mean that individual refugees
may not find haven in the British
zone, or in such countries as Switzerland
or France. Many have done so. But
it is matter of good luck whether they
can get in or being in, can remain. They
are not made welcome. 1t is only in
the American zone that they are re-
ceived and cared for on an organized
basis.
In an area which is under military
occupation, it should be obvious that
the only authority which can direct
policy of organized care for hundreds of
thousands of refugees is the Army. The
Army is doing just that. 1t is not, as
one must think from hasty reading of
Mr.. La Guardia's speeches at Geneva.
UNRRA which is feeding and shelter
ing these people. UNRRA is acting
simply as an administrative agency for
the Army in operating the DIP centers.
The folks back home, who are respon-
sible both for Army appropriations and
for American contributions to UNRRA,
should realize that this DIP problem is
going to get much worse before it gets
better. Refugees, and especially Jews,
are hocking into the American zone of
Germany. They are coming at an aver
age rate approaching 1000 day. This
is largely an organized movement, orig
mating for the most part in Poland,
where the Jewish population lives now
In daily terror Of massacre. Az Of Au.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22

OF the several notes made public since
Tuesday by the State Department the
official communication sent to Moscow
regarding the Dardanelles is considered
by far the most important and full OF
dynamite
The Russians have demanded from
Turkey that they De given the right
to participate In the defense of the
Dardanelles' with the Turks at the
exclusion of all the other powers which
have signed the Montreux Convention.
This means, in plain English, that they
want to place Russian troops on Turk
ish territory
The American Government was not
represented at Montreux, but it was
agreed at Potsdam last August that We
would have voice in the settlement of
the Dardanelles problem. The State
Department now insists-in most polite
words-that We attend the conference
proposed by Moscow at Ankara on Au-
gust 9. in spite of Russia's formal re-
quest that neither this country nor any
OF the other western powers be invited.
The note to Moscow was carefully
drafted by Acting Secretary of State
Dean Achesop after consultation with
the War and Navy Departments.
y X
1t was submitted to and fully approved
by President Truman before he left
Washington on vacation Secretary of
State Byrnes received the complete text
OF the note before 1t was dispatched to
the Kremlin and he also Fundamentally
Endorsed the momentous communica-
ton.
President Truman, his Secretaries of
State, War and Navy, and the top
ranking representatives of the defense
forces, Gen. Handy, who represented
the Army in the absence of Gen EiSen-
hover; Gen. Spaatz, head of the Air
Forces, and Admiral Nimitz, chief of
naval operations, were fully appraised of
the explosive potential of the note All
agreed unhesitatingly that it was neces-
sary for America to place herself
once more officially on the side of
justice and international order. In the
present critical world situation, these
are not mere empty words.
The Russians have made no attempt
to conceal from the Turks or from us
and the other western powers the fact
that they intend to establis their own
effective control of the straits. This
has been the dream of Russia's rulers
since the days Of Catherine the Great
In the past the Cars waged number
OF wars against the Sultans to hoist
the Russian flag over Istanbul and the
adjoining straits in the name Of Chris
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22

can note, the Warsaw regime has
resorted. since the referendum, to
numerous Oppressive acts" in an
effort to reduce the opposition to po-
litical helplessness. These acts have
included arrests, denial of public in
formation facilities, bans against
organization meetings, and other
measures preventing normal party
functions, Accordingly, our note
urges that the provisional govern
ment act promptly to put an end to
all this by taking steps guaranteeing
a fair campaign and an henest vote
count in November. The free and
unfettered" elections agreed to at
Yalta and Potsdam will be a mock
cry otherwise. In making itself clear
on this point, the United States
leaves it up to Warsaw to decide
whether it will honor its pledged
word or earn the lasting contempt
OF democratic peoples by breaking it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Letters to The Star
A Modern Joel Speaks Up After
Reading the Headlines

To the Editor of The STAR
The month of August, at the height
of summer, is hot In more ways than
one. The political weather is far worse
than real hot and sultry days. And
the way the international crises crop
up makes me recall an incident while
in South America. In Sac Paulo, Bra
I'll, There abounds a raiding ant called
sauva, which is adept at stripping
orange trees overnight. These ants live
in colonies and stir up the ground with
long tunnels and great anthills. Many
efforts at Kidding the land of them
have been made One method is to
place blower over tunnel and force
hot, poisonous smoke into the under
ground passages. Oftentimes, hun
dreds OF feet away, the tell-tale fumes
will come to the surface One rushes
to block that outlet and the blowers
work on and on. Then another trail
OF smoke appears. That hole is blocked
up. And so it goes. There seems no
way to find every outlet.
The headlines which we have seen
during the weekend of August 1913
seem to point out similar condition
OF underground connections. Statesmen
try to smoke out the sinister plotters
against world peace. But the vast sys-
tenn of interconnected world affairs
seems to defy every effort at blocking
those dangerous passageways. And
every green leaf of hope is stripped to
appease the dreaded enemies of peace.
Consider carefully the worldwide
tiareups:
German Reds Threaten Revolution,
McNarney Declares in Report"
New Zealander Flags Red Rot at
Paris Talks"
"Barricaded Jews in Haifa Protest
New Deportation
Pitched Battle RACES in Calcutta as
Riot Toll Rises to $50 Dead
Strong Stand by U. S. Against Red
Claim on Dardanelles Indicated"
China Reds Reported Planning Of
fensive."
Red Army Reported Massed Near
IRAN
Christian Advocate Says Vatican
Cannot Ignore Call for Peace"
Delegates, Irked by Russians, Take
Gloomy View of Farley"
World Tension of Today Compared
to That of 1889"
Palestine May Shift Old Power Bal
ance."
'Destinies of Many Millions of Peo-
pie are Seen at Stake"
All this, every hour of the day, is
what the worldwide service of news
collecting has to feed through the
spidery web of cable and radio COM
munications to our hometown papers
and radios.
But what did the ancient prophet
Joel see? We read Proclaim We this
among the gentiles; prepare war, wake
up the mighty men, let all the men
of war draw near, let them come up
multitudes multitudes in the valley
of decision: for the day of the Lord
is near in the valley of decision"
What other conclusion can be drawn?
Let each one reason for himself.
CHARLES ALLEN RENTFRO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Would 1t Happen to You?

ANY one VINO mas done much au-
tomobile driving can sympathize
with Mrs. Roosevelt's droWsiness at
the wheel. A combination of hot
sun and mo one sitting by to talk
to me" brought it on. Many drivers,
experiencing the same sensation,
might have pulled over to the side
of the road and taken a catnap.
The danger, of course, is that
momentary loss of consciousness is
enough to do the damage.
There probably is more interest.
however, is whether the average
driver would have escaped as lightly
as Mrs. Roosevelt did when the po-
lice got to the scene of the accident.
Would the police, in other words.
decline to take action in the case of
the run-of- the-mill driver who ad-
mittedly fell asleep at the wheel
and crashed into two automobiles
on the wrong side Of the white line?
The answer seems to be: No. Wash
1ngton police made $50 arrests last
year for an offense described as
failure to give full time and at
tention to the operation of the car"
In July alone of this year they
made that charge against 1872
drivers. Mapping at the wheel comes
within the specifications of the
charge
1t might have been better, for
the public conscience, if Mrs. Roose-
welt had been fined. No one doubts
that she would have paid it. But
ii she had asked, and obtained,
jury trial there can be few doubts
about what the jury would have
done. The jury of her peers would
have complimented her on her can
did acknowledgment of error and
sent her, without penalty, on her
way rejoicing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22

gust 10, there were 5000 jews in the
DIP centers in this zone As winter
approaches, this number is rising so
rapidly that it may be doubled by the
end of the year. 1t will not be easy for
the Army, aided by the devoted UNRRA
teams, to handle such an influx
In the face of this new problem of the
mass movement Of the frightened Jews
there were four courses which the Army
could follow. First, refuse to admit them
at all. This was rejected as matter of
moral obligation. Second, billet them
in German homes. This was rejected
because of the administrative complica-
lions rising to level of impossibility
as the influx continues Third, compel
the evacuation of whole areas by the
German population and install the refu-
gees therein. This course is being urged
by the Jewish Central Committee at
Munich. 1t was rejected by the Army
because of the increased strain that
would be put on the already precarious
German economy.
The fourth and only remaining alter
native was adopted-not as ideal. but as
the best choice among evils. 1t is to
provide temporary accommodations in
tents, prisoner of war centers and other
temporary shelters for the new arrivals
until better shelter can be arranged for
them. Those accommodations will ad-
mittedly be substandard, especially as
cold weather approaches, but relief will
be afforded as quickly as possible. These
temporary DIP centers will be operated
entirely by the Army. The UNRRA
teams will take over only as the refugees
move to the permanent centers.
Now obviously there is going to be
great deal of complaint about this, and
much of the criticism is going to be
directed at the Army. That Is why am
writing this dispatch now. I have GER
tainly not become an authority on the
DIP problem after less than week in
Germany. But have had time to make
better study of it. than did Mr.. La
Guardia, who was here about two days
and q half and did not find time to con-
suit either with his own UNRRA zone
director or with the commanding general
of the Sd Army, who has full RESPONSE
bility for DPS.
(copyrisht, 1e4sl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Rightword, Ho!

New York'S primary election re-
turns offer slim pickings for politi-
cal forecasters. but there is some
thing of interest. if not of signifi-
canoe, to be read by trend seekers
into what happened to Representa-
tive Joseph Clark Baldwin of the
seventeenth district and Represent
alive Marcantonio of the eight
zenith. Mr.. Baldwin, an able Re-
publican member of Congress since
1s41, lacked the support of his party
and was defeated for denomination,
the vote running heavily against
him. He had voted in the House for
certain New Deal measures opposed
by the COP rank and file, and this
apparently was held against him by
the organization. In any case, State
Senator Frederic R. Coudert, jr.. a
man OF more conservative parts, de-
feated him with casa fact tend
ing to suggest swing to the right
among Republican New Workers.
Similarly, in the eighteenth dis
trict, the left-wing Mr.. Marcantonio
did not do nearly so well as he did
two years ago. though he still re-
mains in the running and can be
pretty certain of reelection. In
1914, as the only American Labor
party member of Congress, he was
nominated not only by the ALP but
by the Democratic and Republican
parties as well. This time, however,
while unopposed on the ALP ticket,
he was defeated in the Republican
contest and just barely won-by only
about 500 votes-over his Demo-
cratic opponent, even though he had
the Endorsement OF Tammany.
Taken together with MIR. Baldwin
defeat, this would seem to justify
the conclusion that New Workers of
both parties have shifted somewhat
from the liberal and left side. At
any rate, even though the returns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Ancestress

MY great grandmother's portrait at
eighteen,
Looked dolDn, grGDe-eyed, from the
,ohite- puneled DaH,
While T. enchanted, searched the cherry
chest,
Shook out her creamy ,oedding go,pn,
sfdtDl,
Her bridal peil OF tlmu, fne-drawn lace.
That must have lain like snotD upon
her hair;
Then, looking up, tancied that she
smiled
Indulgently upon me kneeling there.
There ,oere her mitts, tan. slim, buckled
shoes;
A tiny, inlaid, gutta- percha case
Holding picture OF dark, young lad.
With strength and humor on his c1lis-
eled face.
The sun came through the tiny ,pindoto
pdnes,
And touched the boyish likeness, req
erent-tDise,
And iron, her height the dreaming maid
looked doiDn,
4 tender, tpisttnl Iore-Hoht IN her eyes.
ANNE WOOD MURRAY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Member of the Associated Press.
THURSDAY, August %. 1916


aA oAeAAAotu1i W 1uSOSldVla-dS
bitterly and as bluntly worded as
any ever delivered by the United
States to a technically friendly ma
tion-calls for an unacceptable show
down with an ALLY" whose actions
for weeks past have had all ne
earmarks of being deliberately cal
culated to insult and injure our
Nation and to incite us to strike
back in manner that could easily
precipitate another war.
Just why the Tito government
presumably with Russia's blessing
has been pursuing such dynamite
laden policy is one of the great
mysteries of the postwar world.
There is no mystery, however, about
the nature of the acts committed
against us. The Yugoslav govern
ment, which has received hundreds
of millions of dollars worth of lease
lend equipment and UNRRA sup
plies from the United States, has
been COMFORTING itself more and
more as an enemy toward us ever
since We day. It's agents have been
engaged in a vicious propaganda
drive against us. Through Subor-
nation OF the press, Indictment to
unrest, intimidation of the local
population and criminal and ter
rorist activities, they have sought to
undermine the work of our occupa-
ton forces in Venezia Giulia. They
have fired upon our troops. They
have shot down our unarmed trans
port planes. They have been re-
sponslble for the loss of American
life. And they have answered our
protests-as Tito himself answered
them the other day-with calumny
and colossal effrontery.
1t is inconceivable that this Sit
uation can continue much longer
without an explosion full of the
graveSt and most dangerous poten-
tialities. Our ultimatum makes that
much quite clear. Dealing chiefly
with the murderous attacks on our
planes, 1t gives YugoSlavia a matter
of hours to release our imprisoned
creWmen and to permit our repre-
sentatives to visit them. If the de-
mand is met, the United States will
then determine it's course in the
light of any new evidence and on
the strength of Yugoslav efforts to
make honest amends. If it is ig-
nored, then we shall immediately
call upon the Security Council of
the United Nations to take prompt
and appropriate action-a step that
would test the U. N. to the full.
1t is measure of our Govern
ment's patience and of its fulfllment
of its obligations under the U. N.
Charter that it has not reacted more
violently and more directly. In
other times, before the existence of
an international agency to cope with
threats to the peace, America would
have been justified in resorting to
force. Today, however, we are in
world where sanity demands that
arms be used only as last and most
desperate resort. The showdown
with Yugoslavia will be test par
ticularly of Yugoslav sanity. If the
Tito government remains obdurate,
it will be taking a road which may
one day lead tn disaste
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-22
Eggs in One Basket?

To the Editor OF The Star.
When I read about all the big ex-
pansion plans for Washington, wonder
If the atomic bomb is considered.
Is it not time to get down to earth
and do little practical planning? Our
democracy is vulnerable centralized
here. Make our demoslhcy safe by de-
GENERALIZATION Of at least new projects
to the interior of our country Wash
ington will still have more than 1t can
handle. Why keep our Federal eggs
all In one basket H. H. STEVENS.