davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07
Sunday blue Law
Enforcement Order
Rescinded By City
COMMISSION in SPECIAL
MEET DISAPPROVES
INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN
TUESDAY; MOVIES TO
OPEN

The City Commission, meeting
in special session at 2;30 this af-
ternon, rescinded the orders and
instructions which it gave the
City Manager and Chief of Po-
lice Tuesday to enforce all So
called Sunday blue laws.
The meeting was called by
Commissioners Louis CarbonelI
and Hunter Harden. Notices of
the meeting said it was called "To
consider and act on the question
of resembling the orders and in
StructionS issued to the City
Manager and Chief of Police of
the City of Key West, Florida,
requiring the enforcement of all
Sunday blue laws"
Mayor w. w. Demeritt, ques-
toned this morning at the City
Hall. said he was in favor of
resembling the orders and in
structions mentioned. He thus as
sured a majority of the Commits
sion favoring resembling, since
Louis Carbonell and Harden def
initely approved such action.
In anticipation of the COM
missioners' action, movie thea
tire proprietors placed. advertise
ments of Sunday movies in readi-
ness.
Complete repeal of the Blue law
ordinances cannot be accomplish
ed other than at regular ses-
sions of the Commission unless
an emergency is declared by the
mayor, a city official said this
morning. Consequently, it will
probably be January Z before
the "blue laws" can be wiped
off the books or amended. To-
days action, however, restored
the status of business establish
ments to the same as thac main
tanned before Tuesdays orders
were given.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07
Court Entertains
Defense Motions
In Watson Case

Judge John w. Holland of the
U. S. District Court this morn
, ing took under consideration {
motion for a new trial and mo.
ton in arrest of judgment enter
ed by counsel for David Joseph
Watson, convicted slayer.
After hearing Defense Cousel
John G. Sawyer, his associate
A. c. Dressler of Miami and AS
sistant U. S. Attorney Hayford
o. Enwall, Judge Holland adj
Journed court at lis p. m. un-
til sometime after the first of
the year.
DresSler argued that there is
shadow, scintilla of doubt in
this case as to insanity" and
pleaded for a new trial on this
ground. Sawyer then followed
with the argument that the orig
inal indictment was insufficient
and did not include the words
with malice aforethought". Saw
yer also commended that Watson
should have been tried by a
court-martial since the country
was IN a state of war.
Enwall answered the defense
by saying that the fact that the
murder of Leroy Hobbs, Watson's
shipmate on July Is, was of a
particularly atrocious nature did
not mean Watson was insane. He
said that the indictment had not
been questioned previously and
was in accordance with require
ments. On the question of juris-
diction Enwall said the law
states that court martials may
be used in cases of murder in
the Navy but not exclusively
Courts have concurrent jurisdic-
ton he said.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07
Service Officer
I'm Monroe County
| Aiding Veterans

Jack A. Saunders. Monroe
county service officer for veter-
ans, who has opened an office in
Supervisor England's room in the
county courthouse, said today
that he has received good many
inquiries about claims, hospitali-
cation, CT loans and terminal
leave payments.
He is acting for veterans in
Monroe county in all matters per-
tanning to their poSt-Service bene-
fits. In January, he explained.
he will handle many cases for
veterans who have been granted
on homestead exemp-
tionS.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07

Key West has the most
equabls climate in the
country with an aver
age range Of only l4'
Fahrenheit.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07
Eviction Suit
Against Tenant
OF Sugaloa Club

j. Robert Taylor, owner of the
Sugaloa Club building on Stock
Island, yesterday afternoon filed
a suit for eviction in the county
judges office against Helen Wolf
son, the tenant.
He alleges that she is in arrears
for d months rental, amounting
to $3.50,
Mrs, Wolfson was served with
a summons last night to appear
in county court at 10 o'clock
Tuesday morning, the time set
for hearing in the case by Judge
Raymond Lord.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-12-07
The Weather
FORECAST

Key West and Vicinity: Fair
with slowly rising temperature
this afternoon, tonight and Sun
day Moderate to fresh northeast
erly winds.
Florida: Fair. except partly
cloudy over east coastal sections
today, tonight and Sunday, Few
light showers on lower east coast.
Slowly rising temperature.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
Today's Anniversaries
know Arnerical

1807-Oliver Ames, Mass,
shovel manufacturer, builder,
with brother, Cakes, of the Union
Pacific, born in Plymouth. Mass.
Died March 9, 1877.
1818-Benjamin F. Butler, I'm
ion general, with an amazing ca
reer, Mass. congressman-gover-
nor, whose life was a continual
controversy with others, born at
Deerfield, N. H. Died Jan. IL,
1898.
1846-QO0 years ago. Edward
S. Holden, Navy astronomer.
president of the Univ. of Cali
fornla and director Lick Obser-
vatory, West Point librarian,
famed astronomer, born in St.
Louis. Died March Is, 1914.
l850-Ella Wheeler Wilcox.
popular poetess, giving comfort
and solace TO millions, born az
Johnstown, Wis. Died Oct. 81.
1919.
1855-Eugene V. Debs. great
Socialist advocate of his genera
ton, born in Terre Haute, Ind
Died in Chicago, Oct. 20, 1925.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
FIRST USE OF ETHER

The Massachusetts Cen
eral Hospital recently cele-
brated the one hundredth
anniversary of the first
public demonstration of eth
er's powers.
The incident celebrated
the use of ether by DR.. Will
liam T. G. Morton on a pa
tient in the hospital, which
occurred October 16, 1916.
This has led many people
to claim for him the distinc-
ton of being the first doc
tor to use modern anaes-
theSia.
The controversy over the
claim arises from the fact
that DR.. Crawford W. Long,
of Georgia, antedated DR..
Morton by four years in re-
moving a tumor while the
patient was under ether. Not
intending to begin the dis
cussion again, it seems GER
tain that DIR. Long deserves
credit for the first use of
ether. even if his perOrm-
ance was not public.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
LEADERS AND
RESOLUTIONS

Il Is interesting to note
that some leaders of Pro-
tcstant. Catholic and Jewish
talfhs. meeting in N W
York. called for an organ
ixed democratic partnership
for the general welfare
rather than a competitive
struggle for individual group
advantage"
There il no doubt that the
nation j. faced with highly
competitive struggle for in
dividual and group advan-
taees. both in the economic
and political spheres. That
the general welfare has
been overlooked or selfish
b ignored in the recent past
j. hardly open TO question.
While il may be comfort
ing 60 the leaders 10 prOmul-
gate a declaration. the best
contribution they can make
to the attainment of the end
specified. il 20 get back to
their respectife flocks and
develop religious b e lie f 5
that will DE translated into
individual action.
what the nation needs to-
day Il not resolutions, re-
CARELESS Of their origin, but
rather a conviction on the
part OF millions of Ameri-
cans that they have re-
sponsibility for the general
welfare and that. at times,
as a matter of religion, they
must forego selfish advan-
tages in order to promote
the common good.
The leaders of all faiths,
regardless of positions Oc-
cupied. have much work to
do and the successful pro-
motion of the idea will de-
pend. in part. upon the man.
ner in which they attend to
the work.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
CONTROLLED GAMBLING
Editor. The Citizen:

Editor, The Citizen:
Since the Oracle" first appear
ed in your editorial column, l
have read his notes and quotings
with keen interest. Most of his
stuff is good. Frankly, haven't
the slightest idea of the ''Oracle's"
identity, but Webster writes: He
is a person who is uncommonly
wise and whose words carry
great weight.
AT this time / offer criticism
on one of his monograms, when
he emphasized that old Man
Green" was throwing the bull in
his article on gambling which
appeared in the Forum a few
weeks ago. ''Cld Man Green"
may have been a little blunt in
his expression but he has the right
idea. l can only assume that the
Oracle" is definitely opposed to
gambling. If this be SO, then the
Oracle" is no longer a man of
great wisdom. because he does
not understand the majority
readers of The Citizen. BY this,
l mean that the majority of Key
West citizens believe that con-
trolled gambling would benefit
the city to a great extent. My
belief is, that once a man has
taken care of his family obliga-
tons. and has a few dollars left,
ii is his privilege to do with it as
he pleaseS. The man who gam
bles all of his money has COM
mitted no greater sin than the
man who plays the stock mar
ket. Narrow minded groups
would have us believe gambling
will bring in undesirables who
would make a fortune and bleed
the people lily white. But let us
gaze in a business angle. It
is a known fact that thousands,
who can afford it, love to gamble.
1t is a paStime to them. They get
a thrill out OF it. If it is a means
Of keeping them in Key West for
a few weeks, then let them gam
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

Look toward Korea and Japan! thrilling new job and
lfewith interesting work, sports entertainment and
travel opportunescan be had for the asking by qualified
young who volunteer of the famed Far Eastern
units listed at right.
What opportunity what job! Choose of these
great divisions then your sights for experience that will
be valuable all your life Training of these crack
units will stand you good stead wherever you 60 Study
foreign language Learn the fascinating details of Military
Governnent-so vital to future and world prosperity
Japans isles of Pines but sample of the attractions
of Army in the Far East The Army has reopened
comfortable hotels, heaters swimming pools clubs
golf ball parks These-faniar haunts of prewar
toursts-and many ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS broader
choice of recreation for Army than enjoyed by the
average civilian at home.
Not everyone up to this job. Only Swear
estees who meet prescribed physical and mental standards
enjoy the benefits of such job. High
excellent medical and dental good food and lodging and
generous retirement plan make your future the Army
Ground Forces good miss See your Army
Recruiting Officer for full details
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

Carxiners Fharu@s 49,
Gated In isa owm tN IS H18
Division Stree. e0ms8
street. anaoanees e
The c4tixen tn8av th@
Rexall One-Cent e
starts tosnoEruN
Mere ghan ana GH
products are eftefea as $50
for the price - assN m
cent. AeruHdlng ia 8
ner prousiusas as go So
opportunity - hst ~
al extremely ln@ pse
vitos me publse a s
store and ~ne the
products beine a16e
four days ug ffss8 Assesses
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
PEOPLES FORUM

BILE. Who win benefit? The To-
cal hotels, restaurants, fishing
boats, laundries, service stations.
bars, and MANY other stores and
businesses. Stimulated business
means more jobs. To those who
would argue this point, you will
find good material at the Navy
Yard gate sometime this coming
January, where hundreds of en-
ployees win pass with discharge
slips. Kindly tell them where
they can get job in Key West.
The fishing industry cannot
support Key West and what else
do we have. We need some 9TH
err income, ana you can bet your
boots the Yankee Dollar" is the
answer.
In closing may l remind the
Oracle" that for a quarter of a
century The Citizen has advocat-
ed a national lottery.
w. C. SwEETING.
600
EDITORS NOTE: Yes, Key
West does need some other in
come, and the Yankee dollar is
the answer. but it must be OBJ
tanned legitimately. 1t is. true
The Citizen has advocated a Ma
tional lottery for quarter of a
century and will continue to do
so; however. if ever it is estab-
liShed it will be legalized)
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

= The Cttfsen wescomles express
sions of the views o. ffs read
ern. hat the editor reserves the
right 60 delete any etenis which
are considered libelO<fs or ulasyar-
ranted. The writer's should be
fair and e0nfine the letters 20
500 vs0rds, and write on ONE side
OF the paper emily. Signature OF
the writer's must accompany the
letters and will BE published un-
less requested othervvase.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
WASTE OF MONEY

The day will come, as it
has come in the cases of
several other cities and
counties in Florida, when
the city of Key West and
the county of Monroe will
be consolidated, and there
by save the taxpayers tens
of thousands of dollars.
That thought came to
mind again because of Fred
J. Dion's assertion, in his
letter of resignation as city
tax assessor, that the office
of city tax assessor is I'M
necessary. He could have
said further, as The Citizen
has advocated for more than
a quarter of a century, that
other offices in city and
county could be consolidated
at a great saving in money
to taxpayers.
No other city and coun-
ty in Florida are better
adapted for the merging of
city and county offices than
ORC Kav West and Monroe
county. r..
Approximately IS per
cent of the county's taxes
are paid by owners of real
estate in Key West, and
about Is times as many per-
sons reside in Key West as
do elsewhere in the county,
according to the 1915 state
census.
In view of that fact, why
have two sets of books for
every transaction that at
fects a property owner? AS
Dion pointed out in his let
ter of resignation. the city's
assessment book conformed
to the assessment roll in the
county, as pertained to Key
West. He was supplied with
duplicates from the county
of city assessments, and in
almost all cases accepted
them for the city tax rolh In
doing that, he gave the
owners of real estate in Key
West the fairest tax roll that
had ever been prepared in
the city. The assessments
were equalized. so that ev-
erybody will pay his fair
share of taxes. In making
that equalization, many dis
crepancies were found of
owners Of property IN Key
West who were not paving
their fair share OF taxation.
The assessments on city
property in the city and
Monroe county are prac-
tically the same. Why, then.
should there be two places
where those assessments are
paid? Why not merge the
offices. why not merge other
offices in the county and
city governments? Main
tanning duplicate offices is
a wa ste Of taxpayers
money.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

The chances are strong
that we will do just what
We did after the first World
War. This includes initiation,
deflation. boom, bust, dis
armament, tax reduction
and another war.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

Pew workers seek to dis
cover methods by which
they can become more valu-
able 20 employers and few
employers readily reward
the few that do.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

Father Gee HenBa as a
Are yan aAnM M
DEAR"
Daughter. "Nea EaaA
and | had planfN8 e. e e.
movies II youu eash g
check Cor him
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
LEGAL!S

IN THE CIRCUIT C0TRT OF THE
ELESENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. IN
AND FOR MONROE COUNTY. IN
GHANGERY.
Case Ne 1881
1@JRtBT ~ WALKER BILKO,
PEs.nriFf,
rs DIVORCE
JOSEPH BTLKO,
TSfe rdaNt
ORDER or PUBLICATION
To- 30Erp1 Elik9,
90 n \ a Barrs ks No. ,,
Receiving station.
Charleston. South Carolina.
Voc are hereby required to APP
pear Is the Bill Gf Complaint for
Gfvorce jD the above styled cause
m Dr bef1r. November Z5yh. AID.
IS4s. Gfherw Use the allegations
therein viii be taken as confessed.
This order * - be published
once week for four consecutive
weeks in The Key Yves, Citizen,
DeH sDap=r published n the City Of
Key West. Florida.
Done and Ordered this 2lst day
of October. al. 1876.
lSeaD ROSS { SAWYER,
Clerk Of the Circuit Court,
Monroe County. Florida
BY. Kathleen Nottage.
Deputy Clerk.
Allan z. Cleare. Jr..
oct 23-39 nov SIP, 1916
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

No true religion rests up
on the assumption that ev-
ervbody else is wrong and
going t0 hell.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

The L. S. contributed
most of the money that en-
abled UNRRA to extend re-
lief to the little nations of
Europe, but this generosity
has not kept the nation from
being called names. Recent
~ the United States was
asked to contribute one-half
of the amount needed for
this purpose. but for once
Uncle Sam is using a little
less compassion and more
brains when he binds him.
self to contribute one
fourth. and that's a little
more than necessary, and
much more than any other
nation has agreed to con-
tribute.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

There are people ready
TO exercise control over 9TH
ers without being able to
control their own tongues.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

At the luncheon today of the
Key West Rotary Club, thes Rev.
Shuler Peele, pastor of the Flem-
ing Street Methodist uptown
Church, spoke on "Perpetuating
the Ideal of Service
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

ELEVENTH il DiCIAL GIRO 1T
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. IN
AND FOR MONROE COUNTY. IN.
CHANCERH.
Case No. I0-S32
Plaintiff.
vs. DIVORCE
JOE ANSELMO.
defendant.
ORDER OF PUBLICATION
To: Joe Anselmo,
32I0 Brighton St.
West Haven Park.
Portsmouth. Virginia.
You are hereby required to ap-
pear to the Bill Of Complaint for
divorce in the above styled cause
on or before the 18th day OF No
vember, AID. 1916. otherwise the al
legations therein will be taken as
confessed.
This order is TO be published
once week for four consecutive
weeks in the Key West Citizen. a
newspaper published in the City of
Key West. Florida.
Done and Ordered this l4th day
of October. AID. 1916.
(SEAL) ROSS { SAWYER.
Clerk Of the Circuit Court,
Monroe County. Florida.
BY: KATHLEEN EOTTAGE.
Deputy Clerk.
ALLAN B. CLEARE. Jr..
Solicitor for Plaintiff.
oct 1s-22- %; nov 5 1916
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

Despite the prediction that all
Democratic candidates would win
in Tuesdays election in Monroe
county, one of them was defeat
ed. He was j. r. Combs, Demo-
cratic candidate for constable on
the upper keys, who was defeat
ed by Cleveland Johnson, whose
name was written on the ballot.
Students of the Convent of
Mary Immaculate will present
musical selections from Wagner's
''TannhauSer" in the Key West
High School auditorium on
Thursday evening, November II.
Directors of the Key West Jun
ior Woman's Club will meet this
evening In Mrs. 0. S. Longs
home on Angela street.
Miss Isabel Duffy, who had
been visiting in Miami, returned
yesterday afternoon.
Today The Citizen says in an
editorial paragraph:
Few workers have any idea
that they are oVerpaid."
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
Key West In
Days Gone By
AS TAKEN FROM FILES
OF TIE CITIZEN or
NOV. 5. 1886

Roosevelt lead the ticket in
Monroe county in the election
Tuesday with a vote of 1882. ].
Mark Wilcox, Democratic candi-
date for member of congress
from this district, was second
with 2,434. The people in the
county voted against the continu-
ance of operating slot machines
by a vote of 983 to 648.
County commissioners, at a
meeting last night, voted to main
tain the Key West advertising
booth in Miami.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. IN
AND FOR MONROE COUNTY. IN
CHANCERY.
Case No, 1851
ELIZABETH RHOAD.
Plaintiff
VS.. DIVORCE
JAMES NELSON RHOAD.
Defendant.
ORDER OF BLICATION
TO: James Nelson Rhoad,
L. :. Yuma, ATF 81,
Fleet PoStOffice
San Francisco, California.
You are hereby required 10 APP
pear Ia the Bill Of Divorce filed
against you in the above styled
cause on or before the 18th day
of November, AID. 1916. otherwise
the allegations contained therein
will be taken as confessed.
Done and Ordered at Key West.
Monroe County, Florida, this 14th
day of October, AID. 1916.
tCircuH Court SeaD
ROSS G SAWYER,
Clerk of Circuit Court.
BY: KATHLEEN NOTTAGE.
Deputy Clerk.
Enrique Esquinaldo, Jr..
Attorney for Plaintiff.
oct 15-22-2s; nov 3. 1916
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-11-05
Volunteer for One o. These Fosn@a
Fighting Units in the ZEE Nass

3 isr CAVALRY DIVISION ina 'Csvsns ruuassssr eaa
~ mechanical IN Japan. Fust e. saa sfssss
and Tokyo. Fought - ths eafs waasl asa as t.a
ing Momote s'rstrrr ~ Les NeNrcs Besstas t.fs.
guished Unit C'tstSous tcf s,t.sn - eass.s
KWajaeIn and leyte
A STH INFANTRY DIVISION re We ST. F....
K now in Korea Ssw togvsfs a.trer Nsa a..raa as
= Sansapor and moved a. 49, ,sta ZEE $50
the Japs from luSoH ph,iusstas tsaasIs
~ 7rH INFANTRY sWNos ~. atsax,sss fa...
now IN kore~ First to rs,spfvre 49, ..s
! from laps Eight pasuNso,shus Vssf tsss.a-ss .
- on A''u Saw htttss baNt,es $685.. ts..s go
OknaNa
- I'M AssoeNH eNtslcs ~ Naasls ls.a 81 ta.aa.
III Awarded ten DstUsu'sAed Urs CHafs.as .. sfs.s.
~ lar hsht'ns IN six esn'tNs - issss
24rH INFANTRY eN'stcN vAs Naseet t.ssss.s a.s
n IN japan Nstsrsns - S~~ve aahs,ts Nss ..ass
! Leyte. MindCrc. Aasudssws tsseis Rss.#as #.s
II tinSuished Unit Ctatsons tss aa .ssfas .s
regdor Fortress
ka 2srh INFANTRY osuNos ~ ruars. e.
% Division, lspsn So haauss aataa 80
VI Guadalcanal, Ne~ Gersxas VEL taNsns aaas tl..
" Two Distinguished Cnss Csssssss 49, ssne aa Lasaa
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-07-30

Detroit, July 20 up Friends
and neighbors of Henry Ford ir
nearby Dearborn will join Tuesday
in observing his 83rd birthday an
%niversary as a gala occasion.
And the master Of mass produc-
ton, to whom a birthday almost
invariably has been "just anothe,
day" has promised to participate
at least briefly in some of the
festivities.
Parks Decorated
A large part of Dearborn, partic.
ularly the recreation fields, have
been decorated with steamers anc
bunting bearing the greeting,
Happy Birthday, Mr.. Ford" So,
too, has much of the big Ford
Motor company's River Rouge
plant, fountain head Of the huge
industrial empire Mr.. Ford built
on his idea of a low priced auto
mobile.
A day long program of athletic
events has been arranged for tht
various Fairgrounds. Free cake
and ice cream also is to be pro
vided for all of Dearborn's young
sters-and others-who want it.
In the evening Mr.. Ford will re-
ceive a tribute from his fellow
citizens in a ceremony at Fore
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-07-30
EDUCATION
Presidential Commission
Will StudyLnprouements

ticular reference to requirements
for rapid expansion?
In his greeting he also said:
1--WE face national decisions that
are as important as any that have
confronted us since the federal
union was formed. These decisions
are made in a democracy of the
people, and not by the government
apart from the people. Theil
choices are governed in large part
by their opportunities for educa'
ton aimed at producing effective
citizens"
Zook President
The commission includes Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt and its chair
man is DR.. George F. Zook, presi-
dent of the American Council on
education. It's 80 members repre-
sent institutions of higher learning,
business and agriculture.
The Presidents message wa!
read by DR.. John r. Steelman,
reconversion director. On his be
half. Steelman asked these ques'
tons:
"How can the economic barriers
to higher education for the mos
able be removed? x X
How can the advent OF mass
higher education be brought about
without a downward leveling Of
the content of courses and the
quality of Instruction."