davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-03

lied Boundary Commission, which has
just completed its work after several
weeks of investigation on the spot, only
II these findings suit him.
The presence of the Poles in this area
Is a severe headache for the Yugoslav
leader, who feels that an additional
100000 experienced soldiers who have
fought continuously since 1889 might
prove to be severe obstacle to his plans.
Tito showed deep concern over the
attempts of the Allied forces on the
Morgan Line to ascertain the move
ments of the Yugoslav divisions. He an
nounced that on March Is he had sent a
strong protest against "a Allied scouting
planes flying over the Yugoslav "air
space" This, he said, constituted the
"grossest violation of our territory and
an act of provocation"
X
The reconnaissance flights we're made
IN accordance with international law
Alter Tltos unsuccessful attempt of last
summer to take by force the Italian ter
rltorles he is still claiming, definite
line OF demarcation was established in
agreement with the Belgrade govern
ment. 1t was then decided that what
ever territorial readjustmentS might be
made in favor of Yugoslayia, they would
have to wait until the signing of peace
treaty with Italy. When positive infor-
nation reached the Allied commander
the Yugoslav forces were being concen-
trated at the borders, it was only natural
that ne should attempt to confirm the
reports by reconnaissance flights.
The American and British govern
ments are attempting to stick Scrupu-
lously to the existing agreements. Ac-
cording to reliable reports, the Italian
goVernment-concern over the posi-
bility of Tito settling the issue by a sur
prise occupation-offered the Allies the
support of about 10 divisions which could
be placed in the field within a short
time.
The offer is said to have been made
about two weeks ago, after Gen Nor
gan showed some concern over the
weakness of his forces. In spite of the
aWareness of the Americans and British
OF the danger Of the situation on the
Yugoslav-1talian border, the reported
Italian offer was rejected on the basis
that former enemy forces could not be
used to fight an ally" regardless of how
truculent and unreliable he might be.
In his speech before the Yugoslav
Assembly. Tito went officially on record
that he would accept the report of the
boundary commission only if Carinthia
Venezia Glulia and Trieste are surren-
dered to YugoSlavia. He may not wait
even for the peace conference tentatively
scheduled for Paris on May to take a
final decision, if he feels that the de-
clslon will not satisfy all his claims.
Evening star., 1946-04-03

world supreme court would be
necessary, TO which any person could
address a complaint about breaches of
the law, if he could not find a hearing
at home. The world would have an
antlWar espionage system never vet
concelVed-the espionage of the COM
mon man who doesn't want to be killed.
A majority decision of the Security
council to investigate charges of re-
armament anywhere would involve in
Spectlon. limited to one single function
reporting on rearmament. If the
charge were sustained by evidence be-
tore the court the persons involved
would be enloined to desist: if they
did not deslSt there would be immediate
enforcement against the particular vio-
lators involved.
None OF this demands the creation
OF a superstate. Any sort of social
order could exist, as is necessary in
world which is not one" but mani
foid, and in which no society has
found the solution for all injustice
and never will. The greatest injustice
Is war, and the barrier to greater JUS
tlce everywhere is war.
interference in any state would be
limited to the protection of one single
law OF nations-the law forbidding
armament or organization for war.
Given the abolition of war there
would still be theological struggles and
rlvalrles between persons and nations.
but these would be pacifed by the
absence of force and the fear of, or will
10, war, which usually amount to the
same thing. Atomic energy could be
released for constructive use everv-
where. Satellite governments for
security purposes would have no Just
iflcation; and reason instead of force
would increasingly rule even in the
domestic affairs of nations. all of which
are influenced in internal policies.
political and economic, by the pos
sibility of war.
The TACT that the atomic bomb is for
the moment the sole possession of the
American people, gives us the greatest
opportunity and duty to take the lead
IN hitting the curse of Cain. 1t is as
though God himself were testing the
natlons-thls great land first We, our
selves, have set the pattern in Japan.
Ihere the new constitution forbids the
maintenance of an army, navy or air
force. II total disarmament is good for
Japan and Germany, it is good for
everybody; otherwise the disarmament
OF Axis countries will not contribute to
preventing aggression but to extending
it by the creation of helpless possible
victims.
1t will be argued that some countries
will not agree. How do we know? We
have never proposed it. Would Amer
leans agree? Ask theml
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1946-04-03
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

The State Departments committee on
the control of atomic energy, anticipat-
ing skeptlclsm, suggests that the pro-
gram offered may be attacked as too
RADICAL and says we all should ask
what are the alternatives" The COM
mittee says it cannot find a tolerable
answer
This column suggests that no one will
ever find a tolerable answer to how to
control atomic energy until an answer
has been found to the question precedent
to all others: How to stop war. The
answer to that question resolves all
Others
There was, before the war, an inter-
national convention" forbidding the
bombing of other than military targets,
but it was violated by every belligerent
once war began. ANY one who has seen
Plymouth or Coventry, Dresden, Wuerz-
burg or Berlin, or observed how war
breeds hate and unreason, turning peace
into destruction, and liberation into ter
ror, cannot be greatly concerned about
another terrible weapon. If. after this
war, civilization cannot abolish war, it
deserves to perish, and will
War can be stopped, and the way to
stop it is to stop it. The only thing in
the way is that the governments of the
world do not want to stop it. They
want to do too many other things first.
They want to abolish or maintain capi-
talism, or be sure no other country has
more power: they put thousand con-
ditions on the abolition of war. Other
wise, we, or the Soviet Union, would
have offered a program for abolishing
war. Neither has.
If the Security Council wanted TO
abolish war, it would call a meeting of
the General Assembly and put to vote
the implementation of the treaty signed
long ago which furnishes the base for
the case against German war criminals,
the Kellogg-Briand pact. That would
necessitate a definition of war as the
basis for law of nations. Maxim
LltVlnov once gave an excellent defini-
milton before the League, which, for
reasons of space, I cannot here repeat.
War being defined would then be codi-
fed in one single prohibitory interna-
tional law.
The law of nations against war would
be submitted for ratification to all
states, to be embodied in their own con-
stitutions. If all states adopted it
armies, navies, air forces and all cate
gories of weapons which can be used
exclusively for war, would be abolished
and one single world police force Gre
ated which would include inspectors
with access to the factories of all coun-
tries, and an air force-the only legal
one on earth. Every manager and
worker of factory would be responsible
under domestic law and world law for
violation of the prohibition to rearm
Evening star., 1946-04-03
This Changing World
By Constantine BrOzgn

Once again Washington and London
are watching closely the activities Of
the governments in the Balkan coun-
tries because they have again become
paWns which the large powers are NOV
ing on the great international checker
board
The Russians are keeping close eye
on Greece, where elections under the
supervision of representatives of the
United States, Britain and France have
just been completed. Moscow believes
that as result of these elections, Greece
may become British air and naval
base"
Britain and America are looking with
certain amount of anxiety toward
YugoslaVia where Marshal Tito, in an
address before joint session of the two
houses of the National Assembly Mon
day, made a complete expose of his for
eign policy. And what he said, in meas
ured tones, is not particularly COM
forting.
1t is true that he made gesture of
good will toward this country when he
said he was ready to assume the obli-
cations of the defunct royal Yugo-
slav government regarding economic
and consular agreements. Or full rec
ognition of the new regime in Yugo-
slav1a was predicted on Tito's decision
as to whether the past economic agree
ments would be honored Tito's state
ment was intended to remove the last
objection of the American Government
for an unconditional recognition"
X
Tlto'S acceptancee of conditions de-
manded by Washington several months
ago followed the marshals secret visit
to Moscow.
Some American observers believe he
was urged by the Russian policy trainers
to make this empty gesture toward
America. Some Soviet leaders continue
to feel that Washington places dollars
ahead of principles and advised Tito to
throw bone" to us before deciding to
take some strong action in Italian ter
ritories now occupied by American and
British forces but which are considered
by Moscow and Belgrade to be parts of
the Yugoslav federation.
In his official address to the Assembly,
Tito said emphatically that his claims
on portion of Carinthia austrian ter
ritory), Venezia Guilia and Trieste have
never been changed. He pointed out
that official representations have been
made to the UNO to the effect that geo.
graphic frontiers must be dovetailed
with chronological frontiers and that the
Yugoslav government is unwilling to
compromise on this matter.
In other words, he reasserted officially
what he had said privately, that he
would recognize the findings of the AL
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Pacific Tidal Wave

Although most of the news dis
patches have referred to it as
tidal" wave, an Associated Press
science writer correctly points out
that the great oceanic disturbance
which has spread so much destruc-
ton in the Pacific apparently was
seismic wave of type not uncom-
mon in Pacific history and less fire.
quently experienced in other parts
of the world. This sort of wave has
its origin in seismic manifestations
at the bottom of the sea and has no
relation to the tides or tidal phe-
nomena. Seismologists who have
made a special study of submarine
earthquakes report that they fall
into two general classes, those
caused by collapse of the ocean
floor and those resulting from an
upheaval of the floor. Most of the
great seismic disasters of recorded
history have been of the former
type and the description of the
latest one indicates that it may be
classified with the majority.
Eyewitnesses in Hawaii say that
the sea first receded for some dis
tance beyond the tidal low water
mark and then returned with sue
cessive walls of water that have
been variously estimated at from Is
to 100 feet tall This sequence of
ebb and flow, scientists assert, re-
suits from the lowering of the ocean
into the caved-in floor, followed by
reactionary clash of great bodies
of water in the leveling-of process.
1t is not surprising that huge
waves, racing from the Aleutians at
an estimated 300 miles an hour,
should have caused tremendous
damage in Hawaii and should have
been felt on the California coast
and in South America. Similar
seismic waves in the past have
travelled more than halfway around
the earth before subsiding to
unnoticeable proportions. Chile,
which reported large waves, pre-
sumed to be from the Aleutian dis
turbance has been unwilling host
to number of other seismic waves,
some of them causing considerable
loss of life.
The explosion of Krakatoa, a
small volcanic island between Java
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Now for q Clean Sweep

The Board of Public Welfare's
administration of the District jail
Is incompetent, and the Commits
sioners' legislation, transferring to
themselves a responsibility which
the board seems incapable of meet
ing, should be enacted by Congress
Immediately. The incredible escape
of two convicted felons from their
death cells this morning comes as
a sensational climax to a long and
sorry chapter of muddled buck
passing and ineficiency, and the
only fit sequel is clean sweep,
based on legislation changing the
status of the Board of Public We'll
fare and transferring to the Com
missioners an authority in the
discharge of which there will be
accountability to the public.
Accompanying this move there
should be a thorough investigation
Of the Jail by some such agency as
the Department of Justice, which
has a direct interest in the proper
detention of Federal prisoners. For
aside from administrative defects
there are serious inadequacies in
the antiquated jail structure itself
to which attention has been called
tir and time again, but which
remain unremedied. A report on
the Jail by investigators of unques-
toned standing may carry the
weight apparently lacking in the
past.
Evening star., 1946-04-03

not see to it that our gifts really helped
build safe world.
Now we are inevitably moving into
new era OF world responsibility. But
neither IN giving food nor in lending
money are we fitting our generous i'm
pulses into a pattern of consistent
pohcy. Whoever says that giving should
be a tWo-way street is shouted down as
an lsolationist or a Shylock. Never
theless, food-giving and money-lending
1or short or long periods should be
woven INTO permanent policy to
govern our world relations. AS starter
IN such policy, three minimum stand
ards might be adopted:
l. There should be no gifts or credit
with waiver clauses" unless we have
absolute assurance that the receiving
nation will not increase its military
potential without our full agreement.
So far, only France has acknowledged
that its economic situation does not
justify the maintenance of large army.
2. No waiver" loans or gifts should
be given to nations which do not con-
clusively establish that they will use
the values received for the purpose of
working back to a self-sustaining basis.
We should not help nation to socialize
its economic system.
3. After period of, say, year and
a half, we should make our loan policy
straight business proposition In short,
we should be assured of getting our
values back within the generation.
These are not Uncle Shylock condi-
tions. They are reasonable provisions
for world based on the principle of
mutual responsibilities
Released BY the Associated Newspapers, Inc)
Evening star., 1946-04-03
The Housing Crisis
From Quebec LAction Catholioue


If today there is such a dangerous
crisis 1t is doubtless because of the lack
OF materials and the scarcity of labor.
But 1t is also because too many people
nave come instinctively to consider
housing as business and not of such
property as family right, corollary
10 the very existence of the social in
stltutlon. 1t is because among the nub.
lie. no one thinks any more of the bene-
hts OF property, that which permits the
normal expansion of the family without
harm to the neighbors. 1t is because
Worklngmen have not received and still
do not receive the remuneration-and
DO not possess the security of employ-
ment-Which will permit them to make
nome. 1t is because among a good
number of them the sense of saving and
the PRIDE OF property are extinct. 1t is
because. to sum up, the world has got
the idea that it is normal to live in
rented places all ones life.
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Our Foreign Responsibilities
BY Raymond NJ oiev

We, the people of the United States,
can hardly be called an ungenerous lot.
We have in the past given literally to
help the less fortunate, and now we will
cheerfully give food to help carry the
world through three-month spell of
hunger. While we are doing so, how
ever, it may not be amiss to think
through the permanent responsibility
we have in such situations. For we are
setting serious precedentS these days.
The development of our sense of world
responsibility has been going on for
three or four decades. In the 10Th CEN
tury we heard much about famines in
India, China, Russia and elsewhere.
Private organizations helped, and the
public sympathized. But we felt no
national responsibility.
We took lively official part in reliev-
ing japanese suffering at the time of
the earthquake in 1922. Our helping
hand was badly bitten in the years that
followed, and the biggest bite was at
Pearl Harbor.
Between, the wars We helped in the
unsettled affairs of Europe Under the
Dawes plan cash loans were made, with
cuttings in the debts owed to us. We
tried to help Britain, France, Italy
ct al, to enable them to ease their
pressure on Germany. When world
affairs trembled in 1881, President
Hoover put through the moratorium on
debt payments. This moratorium ended
in default. Only few millions were
ever paid thereafter. The indirect help
given to Germany was used by Hitler to
destroy the peace of the world. We
were paid back in death and destruc-
ton.
We paid bitterly for giving without
plan or policy. We gave and we did
Evening star., 1946-04-03

and Sumatra, in 1883, stirred up
waves so high that eventually they
circled the globe before completely
dying out. The waves were readily
observable on the West Coast of the
United States and to a lesser degree
in the English Channel Will the
underwater explosion of the atomic
bomb create similar-or worse
waves? The consensus of the atomic
energy experts is that no waves
comparable to those of natures own
making can be expected. That
should be reassuring to those who
know how devastating seismic waves
can be.
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Mr.. Honnegon's Troubles

1t is getting so that life for Demo-
cratic Chairman Hannegan is just
one thing after another-most of
them bad.
Mr.. Hannegan was already in hot
water with those Democrats in Con-
gress who have been unwilling to
vote as the Democratic policy
makers thought they should vote on
certain issues. There have been nu-
merous verbal exchanges. including
suggestion from Henry Wallace
that the Democratic dissenters be
read out of the party, but tempers
were beginning to cool off and it
looked as though Mr.. Hannegan was
over the worst of the rough spots.
Then came the Democratic Digest,
official organ of the women's division
of the party. with an appeal to its
readers to let their Representatives
know that the recent passage of the
Case labor bill with the aid of nu-
merous Democratic voteS) was
vote against the American people"
Now the fat is in the fire again,
and some fifty Democratic legislators
are demanding that Mr.. Hannegan
make the Digest retract the state
ment, fire its author and apologize
to the Democrats who voted for the
bill. Mrs. India Edwards, secretary
of the women's division, has ex-
planned that the whole business was
IAN unfortunate mistake and q bad
choice of wordS"-a boner on the
part of an associate editor without
full experience" But this has not
soothed the ruff1ed feelings of the
Democratic legislators, and it looks
as though Mr.. Hannegan, who
probably had nothing whatsoever to
do with publication of the offending
item, will have to do the best he can
to convince the indignant subscrib-
ers to the Digest that the associate
editors slip was one of those things
that will happen now and then in
the best of editorial families.
Many an editor of the daily press,
having been in similar tight spots,
will sympathize with him.
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Bride of the Woods

March tossed rainbow to the troubled
sky
And danced a,oay on winds encircNno
arm,
The sun peered out as they ,Dent ,phirl-
ing by
A naadcap pair but one NTH grace and
charm.
Nop April comes. so beautiful, so tairy
The 10ood cathedrals ring as birds hold
nlatin;
A blosSoming veil OF ,Dild plum binds her
hair,
And ApriPs goaon is gorgeous dog,Dood
satin.
Fratl lilieS-ot- the ualley catch her tears
In cups OF pearl and bridal ,creath
her smiles,
To make her S10eet bouquet. When she
appears
White hlacs perfume springs en-
chanting aiSles,
And merry little dandeltons trail after
Fair April 1Dttt her tears and joyous
laughter.
MATTE RICHARDS TYLER.
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Cavalry Notes

The War Department allegedly
intends to abolish the cavalry as a
separate branch of the Army. That
conceivably might mean the total
disappearance of horses from the
fighting division of the national de-
fense establishment. But even in
World War Ia contest between
machines ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
troops were used with effect. There
were equestrian forces in the China
India Burma theater. On certain
terrains sure-footed mounts can go
where neither tanks nor jeeps can
operate. So long as it may be nee
essary to negotiate countrysides un-
prepared for motor transportation,
at least a few units of cavalry are
likely to be kept available for such
employment.
Nobody knows when or how primi-
tive man first persuaded" horses
to submit to military service. What
is reasonably well demonstrated is
that man himself always has been,
as Major Theodore Ayrault Dodge
says in his study of Alexander the
Great, "a fighting animal" Orig
inally, he maintained droves of
horses for food purposes and as
beasts of burden, but shortly sub
sequent to the invention of bows and
arrows, laAces, sings, swords, breast
plates and shields both light and
heavy chariots drawn by horses and
both light and heavy cavalry ap-
peared. Wagons of war were COM
mon in the barbarian invasions of
the Roman empire. They were
dragged over Europe by horses bred
in Mongolia perhaps. Still earlier, as
Herodotus explains, mounted couriers
regularly carried the messages of the
kings of Persia. The Scythians rode
horses of great speed and depended
for their victories upon the superior
mobility which they represented.
Lycurgus was a leader of mounted
troops in 743 BIC. The Macedonian
cavalry played vital roles in the bat
tie of the Granicus in 334 BIC. and
the battle of Arbela in 331 BIC.
While Rome was weak in horse
borne fighting units, the Cartha-
ginians were able to defeat any num-
ber of foot soldiers. Thus Publius
Scipio was beaten at the Ticinus in
218 B. C., and it was only when he had
developed cavalry equal to his re-
quirements that he triumphed over
Hannibal at Zama in 202 BIC. How
much the Caesars had to learn in
this regard is plain from the fact
that it was not until the reign of
Constantine that saddles were
adopted Stirrups were introduced
by the Franks in the fifth century
AID. The Mongol Emperor Jenghiz
Khan disciplined his nomad horse
men into an instrument to conquer
the world from the Dnieper to the
China Seattle greatest military
device ever known up to his time.
During the Middle Ages, cav
airy constituted almost the only
efficient arm of battle" The upper
classes" went into the fray with
both knights and steeds protected
by heavy defensive armor. It was
the invention or at any rate the
increased distribution of gunpowder
that altered the pattern of organized
conflict at the beginning of the
modern era.
And now the latest phase of war
csntering in the discovery of tech
nique to split the atom blacks out
the cavalry as a separate branch.
The gasoline motor already had
pushed 1t aside. Soon it may be "let
out to pasture" altogether. The
memory of the horse soldiers of the
4
Evening star., 1946-04-03

past, however, will linger. Such
famous equestrian captains as Phil
Sheridan and Jeb Stuart-both
trained at West Point, by the way
are in no danger of being forgotten
even in an atomic age.
Evening star., 1946-04-03

One of the privileges of head
walters probably is that of doing
their own dining Informally at
homo
Evening star., 1946-04-03
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered at the Post once, Washington. D. c.,
as Second-class mail matter.
Evening star., 1946-05-07

Planning to spend the town? Then plan wardrobe
OF these trook which fit into office
fokIn9 toweek voeoton? You'll dscovehhe coolers perfectly
marvellous oveng conponons fabrics
sleek Jerseys cool coons spun oyons
oeooed eshes! Perhaps fancy will strike upon stripe ouny
chek perhaps vivid tiorol
every fashion trick imaginable this wonderful oection
-xustn wmn.D