The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-03-01
A Report On
CONTINUED from Page one)

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ed great deal on the Russian farms,
DR.. Kellogg found that they carried a
far greater burden of farm work dur
ing the war On one small collective
farm of 2S0 families which he visited.
he found that over 300 of the young
men and about rs of the young women
had gone into the army. Others went
to the cities to take jobs in industry.
OF the 325 workers left when he saw
the farm, most of them were women.
There are two kinds of farms in
Russia. The collective farm and the
state farm. They both differ widely
from our way of farm life. The Rus
sian farm with the exception of few
individually owned plots was always
built around the village Here the
peasants lived and from the village
they went to their fields The bulk
Of the land was farmed for the land
owner, but each peasant was given a
strip Of land. The strips were marked
off by edges of weeds and grass. In
line with variations in the type of SOIL
ptC PCdoeiht lll6hb hcfC oblip vi
land miles from the village and an
other 6 miles away. This stripping
not only kept much land out of Guilt
walton but precluded the use of any
modern machinery. When the collec-
tive farms were established the vii
lage life was maintained. The land
was owned by the village and all of
its members worked the soil and
shared in the total yield. The farm
is operated by manager and a COM
mittee which the people select from
among themselves. The committee
and the manager work out the de-
tailed plans for thes operations within
a general framework supplied them
by the district authorities
The state farms, not nearly so COM
mon as the collective farms, are op-
Grated like government corporation.
Some of the land appropriated by the
government at the time of the Revolu-
ton is used. Some of these farms run
to 100000 acres. Here the farmers
are paid a wage and live in modern
villages from which they go out to
the fields and work like they were
employed in a factory. They compare
to our corporation-operated farms here
except the manager is employed by
government agency instead of by a
private citizen or board of directors,
and the workers share a bonus in
produce above their wages if produc-
ton exceeds the quota.
Agricultural sciences along with all
other sciences have been at work dur
ing the war and are hard at it now,
finding facts that will advance the
agriculture of the country. Through
out the war Soviet science was bal |
anced between fundamental science
and applied science. Many nations, |
during the war, sacrificed much of |
their pure science work for an accel- |
Grated application of the principles al |
ready known. Russia, however, con-
tinued her fundamental research. DR.. |
Kellogg reported visiting an agricul-
tural laboratory on an experimental |
farm where the scientists remained |
on duty despite the fact that bombs
were blowing up a village a few hun
bred yards away. In agriculture enor-
nous efforts are being made to de-
velop new and harder types of fruits
and vegetables and cereals to be
adapted to the soils and climate of
Siberia Intensive work is under way
in all phases of applied soil science,
reclamation of salty soils, improved
.echniques of irrigation, more effec-
live fertilization and erosion control.
But in addition to this applied scien-
tific work a continuation of strong
programs in fundamental soil science
IS supported.
Work is being done in the Yakut
district of Siberia where agriculture
f it is to be advanced, must adapt
tself to a special environment Dr.
Kellogg says they are developing crop
md livestock production in a region
10 cold that he subsoil is ever frozen
md where the summer days and the
winter nights are almost continuous.
Different methods must be used to
construct roads and buildings on such
'oil. Drainage and water supply prob
ems are unlike those of Europe and
Therefore, the Soviets are
approaching the solution of these diff
iculties through the efforts of their
CHEMISTS. DR.. Kellogg points out that
n the special branch of soil science
he Russians have had forward place
( leadership for many years. In fact
70 says that one could say that mod