davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
FREEDOM OF PRESS

Nothing recently has demonstrated more wildly the fundamental difference between the Russian ana American systems of government than the Communist Party's crackdoUn on two Leningrad magazines. The Communist Party Central Committee discontinued one
 magazine for spreading anti-Sovet ideas through what if called the foreign bourgeois doctrine Of art Tor art sake The magazine was accused of publishing stories "imbued with the spirit of worshiping everything foreign" Two editors of the other magazine, ZVesoa were ordered dismissed and new editor was placed in charge of it.
 Tn this second case the charges were more Speclllc "Zvesdas gross error" the Central Committee said, was to have opened it's pages to zoschenko, whose works are alien to Soviet literature Apparently what inspired the crackdown a story by zoschenko which the committee described "a vulgar satire on Soviet life and the Soviet people and in which the writer was accused of belousy describing the Soviet people as primitive uncultured and foolish and having provincial tastes and morals" The magazine editors were reprimanded for having forgotten that our magaznes are a powerful weapon of the Soviet state in educating the Soviet people, and, in particular, Soviet youth"
 In America, our liberty is founded on freedom Of expression the right criticize the right to satirze Our magazines and newspapers are filled with crt- cism and satire much of it aimed at our Government and our way of living. To us this is the essence of liberty, the way to progress If we dislike the
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
Our Fading Maritime Supremacy
Cincinnati Enquirer

As the war ended the United States was easily the leading. maritime nation. We owned 5,5O0 mer- chant ships than twice many as the second- ranking nation. In tonnage terms, we owned con- sderably than half the merchant shipping of the world Our shipbuildlng capacity was unrivaled And we were as we had been before the war. the leading exporter of the world
 That pleasant picture of maritime leadership is fading rapidly. Fully 4800 of $500 ships were owned by the government. They did not represent American seafaring enterprise, but government sub sdy or direct government enterprise for the national defense
 Temporarily, doing substantial part of the ocean shipping business of the world because have an overabundance of ships while efficient countries like Britain Norway and Greece do not have enough. But today British shipyards building twice as many new ships as ours. And Sweden is not far be- hind
 It is only matter of time until inefficient merchant marine drops down to the minimum size the Navy believes safe in view of it's need for cargo ships in event of war. For American shipping
 lines except the protected routes to Hawaii and the coastng trade cannot even pretend to compete with foreign flag lines.
 The reason is simple and obvious Wages of Am erican merchant approximately 150 per cent higher than those of other maritime nations To cite cases, able American merchantmen gets base pay sl625O often take home pay of S195 a month. His opposite number in the British merchant service gets S565O in the Dutch service S63 Indian crews British ships who are excellent seamen, get SIS month The plain fact is that cannot compete. Such merchant marine maintain and above the coastng trade is whatever determine to main- tain by subsidies that will have to be lavish in future than in the past.
 It is a bitter irony that wind up every war with the worlds largest merchant marine built at fabulous expense and then proceed to settle back in the minor position among maritime nations which is appropriate to nefficency.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

way things being done, we say so ana suggest some other way of doing them That is the way we got a change in governmental policies Our Government has power stop us. If it tries we can go to the courts to enforce rights. If we believe our Gov ernment is wrong, and some other government right we can say so Even foreigners can come here ana get their criticisms of published as group Of Rus sian journalists did recently.
 Perhaps if the Russians had our system we should find it easier to get along with them in international negotiations Their writers would be free to express and defend our viewpoint. meeting of minds prob ably could be achieved quickly As it is, we must convince their representatives before there any hope of convincing their people But this is the way we must try to do the job. We cannot change their system just because don't like it. These basic differences make the road to peace thony and slow but it is the only road available to a people that believes in genuine freedom-even the freedom of other peoples to live under dictatorship if they so choose.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
COMMUNISM IN CHILE

State Department officials are saying, very frankly and not too privately, that they hope the ap- parent election of Gabriel Gonzalez Videla as Chile's next President will be invalidated by the Chilean Con- gress.
 Nearly complete returns from the September 4 voting in that South American Republic show Gonzalez candidate of a Commmist-R Party coalition, leading the closest of hls three opponents by approxi- mately 50,000 ballots. A total of about 475,000 votes was cast.
 In a prediction statement, the Communists boasted that they would give Gonzalez a minimum of 10000 votes. Analysis of the latest returns shows they have equaled or topped this figure. Com- munist ballots in the 1942 election totaled little more than half that number
 With the formerly dominant Radical Party split wide open dur ing this campaign, and the Social lsts running their own candidate, Gonzalez could not have won with out his surprisingly heavy Red SUD-
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

port. U. s. observers feel that he will now be forced to conduct an administration satisfactory to the Communists in order to stay in of flee.
 Since Gonzalez did not win a clear majority of votes cast, Chil- can law provides that the official winner of the elections must be proclaimed by Congress, meeting late in October. Several U. s. dip lomats admit openly they are hope ful the Chilean legislature will find Gonzalez victory irregular" and name Eduardo Cruz Coke, Conser- vative runner-up, the winner.
 Note - General Eisenhower, re- gently returned from South Amer ica, reported on the growth of Com- munism there.
 tcoPYRIGHT, BELL SYNDICATE, INC. 1946)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
TOP DOG LEWIS

Lewis has seriously discussed his plan with several AFL big shots, including President Bill Green, and intends to place it before the Chi cago convention. If his political committee is approved-and there IS every indication it will be-John L. will then be top dog of Ameri- can labor.
 Lewis is counting on several in tluential executive council members to support him. among them Big Bill Hutcheson, boss of the carpen- ters, who once engaged in a fist fight with Lewis at an AFL con- 1ention, and George Harrison, president of the railway clerks.
 The project may not be given a political name, but it's mission will pc purely and simply that-namely TO counteract and compete with the CLOS PAC.
 Though there will be very little time after the AFL convention Lewis has high hopes of swinging into action before the November elections. Those in on the scheme are supposed to keep quiet for tht time being, but Bill Green may have tipped the play in recen speeches when he stressed tht necessity of the AFL's taking al active part in the next elections.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
HIGH-HANDED MIR. LUNDEBERG

Frank cBring 'em back Alive'D Puck never had tougher time try ing to bag big jungle game than did Assistant Labor Secretary Phil ip Hannah last week when he went to San Francisco on orders to bring back" Harry Lundeberg, rough-tough boss of the striking AFL sailors union of the Pacific.
 Hannah spent two days trying to entice Lundeberg on plane for Washington, in order to discuss the nationwide maritime strike. He might as well have been talking to lamppost.
 We're not going to get anywhere while you remain out here" plead ed Hannah. Why don't you come back with me and see if we can't work this thing out
 1 The clustering Lundeberg hem med and hawed most of last Sat urday and Sunday; finally said he i would put the matter up to his committee"
 Hannah well knew that the rug ged West coast labor baron, who ] speaks with a Swedish accent and has deep aversion to neckties and the CIO, paid no more atten- t.on to his committee" than mine dictator John L. Lewis does to his advisory board However, Hannah agreed to this formality.
 Finally Lundeherg reported back that his committee had decided against" his leaving for Washing ton, except on one condition. This amazing condition Was that Han nah and Secretary of Labor Schwel- lenbach guarantee in advance that the Wage StabiliZation Board would reverse it's earlier disapproval oi wage increases for AFL by which they were given more than GIG maritime workers.
 This, of course, is the whole cru, of the strike. So Hannah remind ed Lundeberg that there would bt no reason for going to Washington if his strike terms were met in ad- vance, and came back to the Capi- : tai alone.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
SUGAR SHORTAGE WILL
 CONTINUE

Incidentally, there just isn't go- ing to be any improvement in the sugar situation for another six months, possibly longer. It will be at least April before sugar ration cards can be thrown away.
 Chief reason is it takes more than a year to rebuild sugar pro- duction in the war-ravaged Philip pines, Java, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Sumatra. Also labor and farm im- plements are still tight. Also U. s. officials got too generous with su- gar last year and let the American public eat into our stockpile.
 Finally, growers claim that the government should have raised beans and potatoes instead-cropS which were more profitable and which U. S. food authorities con- sidered more essential anyway.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
WHO GETS SUGAR BLAME

Housewives are quite justified in being irate over the OPA's sugar allotment for canning this year, but they are placing the blame on the wrong party.
 Actually it is not OPA but Con- gress which should get the blame.
 What happened was that last year OPA gave out special sugar coupons to housewives who put up fruits and preserves. Those who didn't do any canning got no extra ration.
 This year, the OPA merely vali- dated two extra sugar stamps in every ration book, which meant a windfall for families that don't can. It also meant that housewipes who do can were shorc on sugar.
 The OPA knew in advance that this was not going to work out well but they were up against the fact that Congress had slashed its funds to ribbons, forcing the firing of personnel who handled last years sugar for canning.
 So if you are indignant over the scarcity of sugar for canning, put the blame where it belongs-on the doorstep of COP Senators Taft of Ohio, Wherry and Butler of Nebras- ka; Congressman Hartley of New
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
ENGINE FALLS INTO LAKE BENNETT; TWO
 MEN JUMP SAFELY

Skagway. Alaska, Sept. l3. - Special Correspondence Shortly afternoon Wednesday the engine of the work train on the White Pass railroad turned over into Lake Bennett. The two men on the en- zine jumped and neither was hurt
 The spot where the accident oc- cured was shallow. A loose tie is believed to have caused the wreck
 A passenger train bound foI Whitehorse passed over the same place few hours earlier. At last reports the engine was still in the lake.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
Daily Lessons in English v v. L. GORDON

OFTEN MSUSED ILLUSION is an indirect reference; a a deceptive
 OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED; Maritime Pronounce mari-tim A TIME accent first syllable.
 Acquitted and acquitng; two Ts
 baneful baleful noxious
 WORD STUDY Use three times and 1t is yours Let us vocabulary Today word primie syllable foliage duseSs pristine
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
YOUNG PEOPLE ARE INVITED TO JOIN
 NEW LUTHER LEAGUE

All young people interested in starting a Senior Luther League in connection with the Luthern Church are cordially invited to meet this Sunday evening at 7:30 o'clock in the social room of the church.
 Organization and plans will be discussed and refreshments will be served
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
20 YEARS AGO TIT fME EMPIRE
SEPTEMBER A, 1926

SEPTEMBER IA, 1926
 baby boy night at St Anns Hospital to MT and Mrs Hansen
 Alaska scheduled to open the next afternoon ale exhb n place concessions ready making good in the Icy Strait and north Several fishermen were averaging $loo a
 Collier representing Architect of the Treasury construction of Building here
 The Gold Rush the next day the showngs each night Weather:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
ITINERARY URN

SYDNEY-An ancient Greek urn filled with soil from the graves of Australian soldiers buried in Greece has been brought to Australia for presentation to the Australian peo- pie.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
MODERN ETIQUETTE kyoRrprA 1y 1rR

o wedding o the bride and bridegroom?
 A.. if S customary o church then have the reception the When walking with acquaintance 0 companion?
 A. No; there is no obligation to do
 e. proper a keep a A. While this customary it absolutely essential
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14
The Washington
 Merry-Go-Round
(Continued from Page One)

ticket. In this connection, Roose' welt friends say that it was be- cause FDR wouldn't make Levi! his vice. presidential running mate that John L. jumped to the COP
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

Jersey and other Republicans who led the drive to sabotage OPA.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

Alaska Fair scheduled to open the next with all exhibits in place concessions ready.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

baby boy born the previous night at St. Ann' nd Mrs Magnus Hansen
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-09-14

olers making good money in the Icy Strait ant em Chatham Strait Several fishermen averagi
Evening star., 1946-05-16

hearing might be interpreted to
rest upon any one of several
grounds, I consider it appropriate
to disclose the limited grounds on
which I concur.
"The unusual feature of the petit
ton in this case is that it suggests
to the court a question as to the
qualification of one of the justices
to take part in the decision of the
cause. This petition is addressed to
all of the court and must either be
granted or denied in the name of
the court and on the responsibility
of all of the justices. In my opin-
ion the complaint is one which can
not properly be addressed to the
court as a whole and for that rea-
son I concur in denying it.
mo statute prescribes grounds
upon which a justice of this court
may be disqualified in any case.
The court itself has never under
taken by rule of court or decision
to formulate any uniform practice
on the subject. Because of this lack
of authoritative standards it ap-
pears always to have been consid-
cred the responsibility of each JUS
tice to determine for himself the
propriety of withdrawing in any
particular circumstances. Practice
of the justices over the years has
not been uniform and the diversity
of attitudes to the question doubt
less leads to some confusion as to
what the bar may expect and as to
whether the action in any case is
a matter of individual or collective
responsibility.
There is no authority known to
me under which the majority of
this court has power under any cir
to exclude one of its
duly commissioned justices from sit
ting or voting in any case. AS to
the other and usual grounds, appli-
cations for rehearing in this court,
as in other bodies, are addressed
to the majority which promulgated
the decision. This is so formulated
by Our rule 33. 1t is always OBJ
vlous that unless one or more of
them is willing to reconsider his
position no good can come of re-
argument. Hence, being in dissent,
l have no voice as to rehearing.
except that 1 continue to adhere
to the dissent.
Because of these considerations
Evening star., 1946-05-16


United Mine Workers local to which
flve-to-four majority, including
Mi Black, had awarded the decision.
Justice Blacks self disqualification
would have resulted in a four-to-
four tie.
Concurring with Justice Jackson
in the unusual commentary was
Associate Justice Frankfurter, who
is now Surreptitiously booming him
for Chief Justice.
Truman Gets Inside Story.
Justice Black reacted with fiery
scorn to what he regarded as an
open and gratuitous insult, slur
upon his personal and judicial
honor. Nor did be bother to con-
ceal his contempt. An already
marked GOODNESS, especially/between
Messrs. Black and Frankfurter,
froze into impenetrable ice.
This inside story of the clash Of
strong wills has been laid before
President Truman. The harassed
President, a southerner himself, was
quick to perceive the affront which
Mr.. Black feels he suffered. He has
contided to a Senator: BLACK says
he will resign If I make Jackson
Chief Justice and tell the reasons
why. Jackson says the same about
Black
Commonly known as the portal
to-portals pay case, the issue which
so tried the judicial tempers was
whether coal miners should be paid
for their underground travel to and
from their work The miners had
brought suit under the Fair Labor
Standards Act.
Justice Murphy delivered the ma
jority opinion that they should be
paid Justices Black, Reed, Douglas
and Rutledge concurring.
Scathing Dissent.
Justice jackson delivered scath-
ing and exhaustive dissent, joined by
the Chief Justice and Justices
Frankfurter and Roberts.
Here also Mr.. Jackson took a fling
at Mr. Black-by name. Arguing
that the majority was overriding
the intent of Congress, Mr.. jackson
quoted the then Senator Black in
Senate debate on the Fair Labor
Standards Act July 27, 1887, as fol-
lows
b, MI Walsh: Does the bill affect
collective bargaining agreements al
ready made or hereafter to be. made
between employer and employer"
r. Mr.. Black: 1t does not" >ss
Justice Black having concurred
in the majority view that the miners
must be paid regardless of custom
OF contract, this was resented by
Justice Black and his friends.
Comment on Denial.
But it was in his comment on de-
nial of the rehearing that Mr.. Jack
son really ignited the Black tenn
per- Mentioning no names he wrote ::
Since announcement of the
mere denial of this petition for re-
Evening star., 1946-05-16

I concur in denial of the petition
Mr.. Justice Frankfurter concurs
in this statement
Although wrapped in what AL
Smith used to call them ten-dol-
lar Court of Appeals woids," the
Jackson Frankfurter intent was
clear to the court. 1t was considered
the more reprehensible, in the view
of Mr.. Black and his friends, be-
cause the miners, even if Mr.. Black
disqualified himself, would still have
won the decision by a four four
tie, the effect of which would have
been to confirm the favorable de-
cision won in the lower court
Justice Blacks temper has not
been sWeetened this session by the
fact that while Mr.. Jackson is war;
criming, he has had to write 26
opinions which is five more than
Evening star., 1946-05-16

any other reason-say the miser'
able sanitary conditions in many
mining communicable may have
the attention of a company doc
tor"-if he has allowed the COM
pany to hold back a percentage OF
his pay to provide the doctors sal
ary. The miner does not have the
privilege of going to doctor OF his
own choice, the privilege on which
the American Medical Association
places SO much stress.
Racket" Complaints.
There are mining companies that
take pride in their medical service
and with some reason. There are
others that justify the complaints
OF miners that the service is a
racket" out of which the COM
panies actually make money, just
as they. make money out of COM
pany stores.
If the miners illness calls for
hospital care he may receive tit
his is one of the not too common
mining communities that happens
to have sufficient hospital facilities;
otherwise the miner is just out OF
luck.
All of these things have direct
bearing on the present breakdown
of American industry. They are
the justification offered by the mine
workers for their refusal to mine
coal without a contract providing
for a health and welfare fund. And
all of these things could be handled
by Federal legislation or, in the
case of workmen's compensation,
by State legislation.
The necessary legislation has been
before Congress for some time, but
Congress has failed to act Con-
gress has not been disposed to cor
rect conditions that lead to labor
trouble, but instead to wait until
crisis occurs and then to thrash
about blindly in an effort to con-
troll labor. Statesmen of the cali
ber of Senator Byrd, for example,
come up in the present desperate
situation with bills designed to out
law any effective agreement be-
tween the operators and the miners
designed to eradicate the conditions
of which the miners justly COM
plain.
National Health Act.
The legislation that might have
forestalled the coal crisis and our
present industrial tailspin is known
as the National Health Act, of which
Senators Wagner and Murray and
Representative Dingell are the au-
thors. President Truman has in
dorsed- it and urged its passage.
It would extend the provisions of
the present Social Security Act to
make medical care and hospital fa-
cilities available to all citizens.
Operating as an insurance system,
pure and simple, it provides for an
assessment of 8 per cent of indus
trial pasrolls, half to be paid by
the employers and half by the work
ers. The fund thus raised obviously
would not equal the amount obtain
able through the 7 per cent contri-
button asked by John L. Lewis on
behalf of the mine workers.
But offsetting this difference, the
proposed act would provide for Fed
eral assistance in the building of
hospitals in communities where
public revenues are insufficient.
Labor leaders have been testify
ing in favor Of this health bill. One
day recently the House Ways and
Means Committee heard James B.
Carey, secretary-treasurer of the
CIO. A member of the committee
Evening star., 1946-05-16

asked Mr.. Carey what he thought
Of John L. Lewis demand for a
health and welfare fund. Mr.. Carey
declined to comment. The member
persisted. Mr.. Carey still declined,
but did say that unless national
health legislation is enacted it is
certain that the CIO unions would
all be demanding health and well
fare funds in future contracts.