davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1946-11-07

81 am making more corn on one
half the acreage I used to farm"
says L. S. Richardson, of Furches.
II think the increased yield I am
getting is because have estab-
lished strip rotation on my farm
that was recommended to me by
the Soil Conservation Service. I
know from this that conservation
pays in a big way"
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1946-11-07

V. o. Waddell, of the Scottville
community, says, 81 like the re-
suits I am getting from contour
strip cropping. I want the New
River Soil Conservation District
to help me establish a system of
strip cropping on all my crop
fields.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1946-11-07
NIGHT a
COUGHS ~


are eased. sticky phlegm loosened up,
Initiated upper breathing passages are
soothed and relieved, by rubbing Vicks
VapoRub on throat, chest and back
at bedtime. Blessed relief as VapoRub
PENE IRATES to upper bronchial
tubes with its special medicinal vapors,
STIMULATES chest and back sur
faces like a warming poultice.
Often by morning most of the mis-
cry of the cold is gone! Remember
MlYvAPORUB Gives You this spe-
cial double action. It's time-tested,
home-proved. the best-lnown home
remedy for reliev-c AAa@He
children's colds. " VAP0R Uo
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1946-11-07

10-17-4t.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
Demobilizution Puzzle

1t has been said that one of the
prime reasons for the series of "we-
want-to-go-home" demonstrations
by troops abroad has been the failure
OF the soldiers to understand the
Army's occupation and demobiliza-
ton policies. If the GIs were be-
wildered before the mass protests
began, their bewilderment now must
nave Increased as the result of the
confusing statements emanating
from sundry high sources as an
aftermath of the demonstrations.
Assuming that the soldiers read the
newspapers and listen to the radio,
what must have been their reaction
to just one days developments on
the rehabilitation front, as reported
yesterday?
First, there was the War Depart
ment's order that all surplus" per-
sonnel be returned to this country
Immediately, regardless of points.
Why there should be any surplus
personnel still overseas was not ex-
planned. In fact, the Army has
stated that the alarming" depletion
OF overseas garrisons necessitated
issuance of its recent rehabilitation
showdown order, which touched off
the widespread disorders.
Then there was General Mac
Arthur's directive that no ship be
allowed to sail from Japan to the
United States with an empty berth.
The Associated Press said he in
structed all commanders to release
men in the order in which they
would next become available for
return, in order to fill spaces on all
ships" That could be taken to mean
that up to this time men eligible
for return have been held off ships
which had space available for them.
At Wright Field, in Dayton, Ohio,
an Army colonel listened to numer-
Gus complaints by demonstrating
soldiers and then announced that
80 or go per cent of them" had
legitimate claims and would be dis
charged. He decided to continue
the individual hearings.
Topping off the days record were
announcements that the War De-
partment is revising it's demobiliza-
ton program and that a special
Senate Military Affairs Subcommit-
tee will investigate the whole prob
lem. The American people, dismayed
and alarmed by the disorders among
the troops, fervently hope that out
OF these two latter developments
will come some clear-cut, unmistak-
able pronouncement Of policy that
Evening star., 1946-01-11

reached this end. When Mr.. La
Guardia retired, his following fell apart
and made defeat certain by running two
candidates.
This tendency raises the common
sense question of whether such reform
ers are more concerned in serving the
public than they are in attacking those
who are serving the public Are they
really reformers. or are they using re-
form to build other machines?
Mr.. Moses has no desire to build
personal following or machine. He is
not wangling people into jobs. His own
job Is what he is concerned in doing.
Hence, he has not been feared, but well
coined by the administrations he has
served.
In the present instance, it was the
bosses behind the scenes who urged Mr..
O'Dwyer to keep Mr.. Moses. They well
knew that party long out of power may
make too mad rush for patronage.
They doubted that the new Mayor could
Withstand the pressure. So they decided
to keep the key men from the preceding
administration as bulwarks.
Mr.. Moses will stay while work is to
be done. And the public will be well
served
released by the Associated Newspapers. Inc.)
Evening star., 1946-01-11
On the Record
BY Dorothy Thomson


democratic right of management to
make arbitrary decisions-is as silly as
to argue that measles or flu are demo-
cratic rights. Given an integrated
philosophy regarding wages, prices,
profits, and their relation to productivity.
collective bargaining should reduce itself
to registering the facts, together with
public umpire. The problem and its
answer would become mathematical.
But wages based, as they should be, on
productivity, should not be fixed too
high in advance speculation regarding
productivity, nor for an industry by the
productivity rate of its highest mem
Der, nor by temporary factors, such as
abnormal demand, which could better
be compensated for by profit sharing.
For it is pSychologically difficult TO
decrease wages, and yet workers in
come based on productivity (the only
real factor in ability to pay must have
the element of elasticity. The way to
introduce it is for workers to share
profits and losses with investors, beyond
their wages, which would then be in
the form Of minimum guarantee.
The habit of management to vote
themselves bonuses in prosperous years,
is irritating to workers and stockholders.
Able management is rare, but it is also,
for that reason, well compensated.
Bonuses to management and not to
workers are on the assumption that
management is investing its labor, while
the wage-workers are selling theirs.
Some part of the workers income
should come in the form of return from
work regarded as capital
Certainly the object of a satisfactory
democratic economy in society of free
men is not to make millionaires, but
widely to diftuse ownership and oppor-
tunity, maintain all workers on decent
level, and encourage and reward superior
effort at all levels. There is only one
reasonable or moral objective for any
social or economic system, and that is
the Improvement of the human type.
And, on the whole, neither subsistence
existence nor great wealth develop hu-
man virtues.
Either workers must have some of the
privileges, opportunities, and RESPONSE
bilities of owners, or increasing numbers
OF them will vote to exchange their
present bosses for the State.
Since 1 think that by so doing they
will but permanently confirm their
propertyless status, Il am against it.
But if the capitalist system remains
proletarian system, it won't be able to
compete with the real or fancied greater
security and equality of state capital
ism. 1t must offer both more security
and greater opportunity.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1946-01-11
Organizing the UNO

WIFI tile opening or the nrSt SeS-
sion OF the General Assembly of the
United Nations Organization, the
world has begun the historic and
fateful task of so ordering itself
that peoples everywhere will be able
TO live in a decent and an enduring
peace. TWenty-six years ago, almost
to the day, similar task was begun,
and 1t ended in failure. This time
there must be success, for if we fail
again, If there should be another
gloDal war in this age of electronics
and atomic power, our civilization
will be sentencing itself to death.
1t is with this simple but appalling
fact before them that delegates from
f1fty-one nations are now gathered
IN London to take the essential first
steps. AS drawn up by the UNO's
Preparatory Commission, the busi-
ness scheduled for the meeting be-
gins with organizing the General
Assembly itself. Besides the elec-
ton of a president-Foreign Min
lister Spaak of Belgium-this in
wolves the appointment of a secre-
tary general who will have the i'm
portant responsibility of heading a
Secretariat made up of research and
administrative staffs serving the
UNO as a whole. The agenda calls
also for the following Assembly ac-
tions:
Cd Naming to the Security Coun-
Gil representatives of six of the
smaller powers to serve two-year
terms with the permanent repre-
SentativeS of China, France, Britain.
Russia and the United States; ca
establishing the social and eco
nomic council, the trusteeship
council and other main UNO agen-
cies; CD deciding upon officers for
these agencies; "a organizing
special commission for the control
OF atomic energy; 60 passing upon
recommendations on the selection
OF a site for UNO headquarters in
the United States, and 60 deter
mining whether the Assembly should
rotate its meetings from country to
country or hold them regularly at
American headquarters.
The agenda, which includes sffni-
lar organizational measures of lesser
Importance, leaves the General As
sembly at liberty to discuss world
problems as delicate as the Iranian
situation, but the participating
countries seem loath to press for
such discussion at this time. Few
will dispute the soundness of this
approach. The mere process of or
ganization is complex enough in
itself, and to raise difficult political
issues during it might we'll burden
the first session with more than it
is prepared to handle.
Once the mechanisms of co-opera-
ton are established and in working
order, however, the UNO will have
to deal with such issues as part of
an endless challenge and task-the
challenge and task of preserving
peace in a world where another
major war could lead to a horror
little short of universal annihilation.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
The Reol Demonstration

washington is isolated from the
rest of the country, insofar as
telephone service is concerned, and
New York is in the same situation
regarding communication by tele-
graph. Between New York and
Washington the mails are the re-
naming medium of communication.
The telegraph strike in New York
Is in protest against a decision on
wages by a Government agency. The
disruption of telephone service in
Washington is the result of walk
out by operators, who, in paid ad-
vertisements and statements to the
newspapers from union leaders have
outlined their complaints against
the company. Another telephone
union is on strike throughout the
country and threatened establish
ment of picket lines, temporarily
postponed at the personal request
of the Secretary of Labor, may tie
up telephone service on a Nation
wide basis as it is tied up here.
These demonstrations presumably
are being staged by employees in an
effort to bring public pressure to
bear for the settlement under dureSs
of their disputes. The theory seems
to be that the public, subject to the
inconvenience and hardship caused
by the disruption of essential serv-
ices, will demand immediate settle
ment and the chances are that the
employees will gain something, if not
everything they ask.
1t may not work out that way.
Such public utilities as the telephone
and telegraph companies already are
subject to strict Government regula-
tion and it is logical that this regu-
lation should be extended in
manner that will prevent by law
Interruptions to essential public
service. Union leadership in both
telegraph and telephone companies
seems to be engaged in convincing
demonstration of the need for a type
of enforced responsibility, on their
part, which matches the enforced
responsibility, under law, of public
utility management.
Evening star., 1946-01-11

Lest any one should draw wrong con-
clusions from what has been said in
this column on the General Motors
UAW controversy, let me say that I
believe labor's basic premise in the
present controversy is, if 1 properly
understand it, correct.
The fact that single member of
an industry can, perhaps, pay 80 per
cent or SO per cent increase in wages
Is no argument 10 my mind, however,
that it should.
Wages, in general, should rise In &C
cordance with average overall gains in
productivity. Many technical factors
contribute to the special efficiency of
some, industries and some members of
an industry, other than the efficiency
of wage-labor, and if wages in the most
efficient industries absorb all gains, the
wage structure of the whole economy
will be distorted. 1t is, therefore, better
for industry to maintain a wage level in
conformity to general productivity and
for especially efficient industries to pass
on exceptional productivity in the form
OF bonuses to their workers. This has
been our criticism of UAW in its con-
troversy with GIN
However, labor's thesis that the
economy should attempt to keep prices
level and profits stable, while passing
on increased productivity in higher
wages rather than in inflated profits
or lower prices, is sound
1t is easier to add gains in produc-
t1vlty to wages than to guarantee that
they will be reflected in lower prices.
since prices are less determined by
cost than by market demand, and con-
sumers cannot be organized.
=
Monopolistic practices, even such as
are OF the nature of industrial agree
ments, initiate against price drops.
This is of advantage to most workers.
except to farmers, for whom cheaper in
dustrial prices are important. But these
are probably less important than stable
prices, plus the steady market afforded
by MISUNDERSTANDING employed work
er-consumers
1t Is a step forward when labor shows
disposition to take into calculation the
welfare of the whole economy, and to
bargain on the basis of what industry
can afford without passing increased
costs on in the form of increased prices.
But if it sets the standard by the most
efficient it will tend toward monopoly.
There can be an automatic test of the
rate of increase or decrease of produc-
tivity which would permit wage rates to
be otherwise determined than by the
periodic civil wars of strikes. The con-
cept that the strike is an essential demo-
cratic right that it is an essential
Evening star., 1946-01-11

by Government Services - and 1t
should be easy for OPA or other in
terested Federal agencies to estab-
Iish the facts-the Government is
faced with the necessity of restoring
the cafeterias to profit-producing
basis or OF subsidizing them through
elimination of the profit-sharing
plan, supplemented by appropria-
tlons If necessary. If there are to be
any fundamental changes in the
existing system, Congress should
decide what they are to be, after
careful study of all the complex
phases of the Government cafeteria
problem.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brorn

The Navy has not had to cope with
disturbances similar to those now oc-
curing in the Army and does not
anticipate trouble in connection with
its own redeployment program.
Some officials offer the explanation
that the better discipline in the Navy
is due to the fact that Navy men are
kept continually busy and while the
shooting war has ceased, there is no
such boredom and lack Of activity as
exists in the Army. There is little diff
ference between peace and wartime
routine in the feet.
But these are only superficial con-
siderations. The real truth, contained
in reports which are not being made
public, is that naval personnel ashore
and af1oat Is not subjected to the same
contacts and subversive infltrations as
the Army.
During the war there were such in
cidents as Navy men booing the skipper
OF one ship. The matter was quickly
disposed Of. The commander Of the
task force, holding that the captain
and the executive officer were incom-
petent to handle their crew, removed
them both and gave them desk jobs for
the duration. With new skipper and
executive officer, the ship with the
same personnel became one of the most
efficient in the fleet. Other similar in
cidentS may have occurred and been
quickly settled. The crews did not COM
plain of duty fatigue" but had definite
and wel-founded complaints against
their superior officers.
Similar occurrences have not taken
place since VI day. There have been
no extravagant promises by the Navy
Department for quick and wholesale
rehabilitation, and when delays were
necessary the crews were told frankly
the reasons for the delays. There have
been some attempts to indoctrinate the
crews of some ships with foreign ideolo-
gies by half-baked parlor Communists
who asked for service in the Navy when
they were drafted.
The Army has been less vigilant and
a comparatively large number of sub
versive propagandists have entered its
ranks. The fact that an individual was
a member or a follower of the Com
munlst party did not preclude his being
inducted. Most of these men have
fought brilliantly But the War Depart
ment considered it advisable to commits
sion members of the Communist party
not only in combat services, but also in
the highly important sensitive services"
such as intelligence, radar, cryptography
and Others
Since 1914 it has been impossible for
the counter Intelligence to keep an eve
Evening star., 1946-01-11
PreiudiciuI Tuctics

Some member of the Pearl Har-
Dor Investigating Committee, for
reasons best known to himself, is
resorting to tactics which can only
be expected to deaden the effect of
the testimony to be given by Gen.
eral Short and Admiral Kimmel.
For the benefit of committee
members, counsel had prepared di-
geStS of the statements made to
earlier investigating agencies by
the principal figures in the Pearl
Harbor disaster. In the main, this
material had not been made public
in the past and it was not supposed
to become public property at this
time. A week ago, however, the
digest of General Shorts testimony
was given out by some member Of
the committee. And now, despite
the fact that committee counsel
specifically requested that it be
withheld from publication, the di-
gest of Admiral Kimmel's testimony
has been permitted to "leak out"
The practical effect of this, as
must have been we'll understood by
the offending committee member,
is to deny to General Short and
Admiral Kimmel the full benefit of
their "day in court" When they
take the witness stand they will be
telling an old Story-a story that
has come out in piecemeal fashion
and under conditions which detract
greatly from its effectiveness. These
prejudicial tactics are the more to
be regretted since General Short
and Admiral Kimmel, so far as pub
lie opinion is concerned, are on trial
in the congressional hearing. They
have waited more than four years
for this opportunity to tell their
side of the story and it is too bad
that some member of the commit
tee has done all that he could to
handicap them in this first public
appearance.
Evening star., 1946-01-11

on any kind of subversive activity since
the hles which existed in the War De-
partment were dispersed; the contacts
between the central counter -intelligence
In Washington and the Army commands
at home and abroad were suspended;
loyalty" Investigations were ordered
and only recently, in December, even
the counter-intelligence within the va
rious units had to be halted.
These measures, some ordered by Gen.
Joseph T. McNarney himself while he
was deputy chief of staff in Washing
ton; others ordered by the Secretary
or the Assistant Secretary of War, made
1t impossible to discover what cells"
had been organized to exploit the dis
satisfaction among the GIs.
X Il X
Basically, the present spreading un-
rest in the army-which may have Sc
rious political and diplomatic repercus-
sions-is attributed to boredom and lack
of activities which prevail in all Army
units at home and abroad The propa-
ganda of only a couple of men in
battalion, placing the blame for slow
demobilization on the commanding off,
GERS and the "politicos" in Washing
ton, falls on fertile ground when the
overwhelming majority of the soldiers
are idle and want to get home as
quickly as possible.
The demonstrations in Manila, where
posters with inscriptions such as "We
don't want to fight for the oppression
of the Chinese democracy" are a far
cry from the real reason why the bulk
OF the American soldiers are dissatis-
fled. The men in Manila want to re-
turn home and are little interested over
who is who in China. Neither does
1t appear logical to many officers in
the War Department that one group
OF soldiers should be concerned as to
when another group in a distant the
ater is to be returned to the United
States.
The American soldiers in the field
occasionally have little respect for the
noncombat officer. But it is not in their
nature to call officers of high rank
names" in public Their opinions
sometimes are unprintable but at no
time in the history of this country
have enlisted or drafted men staged
demonstrations insulting their officers
publicly, as occurred in Frankfurt
Wednesday. The preachings of the
few agitators in the various army units
have fallen on fertile ground among
the homesick and idle soldiers.
Regular Army officers who have seen
much combat duty say the fault lies
not with the men but with those high
ranking officials in Washington who for
reasons of political expediency have not
felt 1t advisable to prevent subversive
agitation within the ranks of the army.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
Practical Reform
By Raymond Moley

The most remarkable feature of the
new Democratic administration in New
York City is the fact that the strongest
commissioner under Mayor La Guardia
has become the key man under Mayor
William ODwyer. Robert Moses re-
mains as park commissioner and as
general policy maker and adviser.
The decision of Mr. Moses to stay
highlights question of good govern
ment which is common to every city.
Mr.. Moses is professional expert in
government, who might have retained
amateur status as mere reformer and
critic. The elder Moses endowed his
son with a personal financial compe-
tence which made possible a life of
public service.
A Republican by tradition, Mr.. Moses
His work was monumental. Vast
parks and parkways were created
under his direction. Gov. Roosevelt
did not like Mr.. Moses, and four
years passed with lessened activity.
Then came IL years with Mayor La
Guardia and more achievements in
civic building. 1t has been pity, lot
unnoticed, that when Gov. Roose-
velt became President, he was still un-
able to overcome his personal feelings
and use thes Moses talents in Wash
ington.
The point made by Mr. Moses will
ingness to serve either party as long as
there is work to do should be noted
by every American interested in better
government. One type of reformer
seeks to make cult of good govern
ment. Antaeonism to political parties
becomes perennial crusade Occa-
sionally. such reformers get into ONCE.
Then they try to build reform ma
chine. And because most reformers
are individualists, the machine falls
apart. and the reformers 60 back to
the bleachers and the pop bottles.
The La Guardia administration finally
Evening star., 1946-01-11
ReIutiyity
From the Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital
Prof. Einstein comes forward with a
statement that perhaps two-thirds OF
the people of the earth could be killed
by atomic bombs, but-there will always
be enough thinking men and books
left to start again.
The old master of relatiyity Is a phi
losopher as well as a mathematician.
His declaration is remindful of a story
of an Arkansas farmer who lost his
crop in a flood. He was bemoaning his
bad luck when a neighbor appeared.
Il lost everything, too," the farmer
was told.
How about the Jones family?"
wiped out"
''How about the Smiths?"
Everything gone"
After complete check, the farmer
frightened.
Well" he beamed, "it amt so bad a
thought"
And so, II Einstein is right, there may
ct least be comfort for the survivors.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
River Rood

The car knit up the ragged miles; the
sky's deep blue
Held broken bits OF cloudlike stepping
stones OF gold,
Three lone birds ,Dtnged toDurd some
Southern rendezvous
And Jar beyond the riper, fold on
thistle fold
OF hills lay dreaming; like small ciowns.
capped and belled,
The fence posts stood, each In a scar
let iuy cap,
While against the red and bronze, one
lou hill held
The roseate ,oash OF sn,artpeed In its
1proned lap.
Thirstily the far hill drank the red
sun up.
And purple dusk came dopn to fll the
rnIleys cup.
ALMA ROBINSON HIGBEE.