davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-10
Ceylon: Embryo Dominion?

One of the interesting units of
that complex and diversely evolving
entity, the British Empire, is Ceylon.
Although separated from Indias
southern tip only by a stretch of
tslet-Studded water known as Adams
Bridge, this large island is as differ
ent from the sprawling subcontinent
of India as Britain, across a channel
of comparable width, is from the
European continent.
The first notable difference is that
Ceylon was converted to Buddhism
In the third century BIC, and while
that faith presently died out in
India where it originated, it has re-
manned the religion of the native
inhabitants, known as Singhalese,
with profound cultural and social
effects, notably the absence of the
caste system to which so many of
Hindu India's troubles are due.
Secondly, Ceylon has known more
than four centuries of European
oiS' III oO Wy CllC vi buS ucSG. LIltIl Uy
the Dutch and finally by the British,
each regime lasting approximately
$50 years. Although the Portuguese
and Dutch never subdued the noun
famous interior their coastal settle
ments left traces in the life of the
country which are still visible, over
laid by British influences.
During the nineteenth century
Ceylon's agricultural possibilities
were developed by the British, nota-
bly, in the spread of coffee. tea and
rubber plantations. Since the asy-
going native Singhalese are not hard
workers. labor from Southern India
was encouraged. and today this ele-
ment, chiefly Tamils, numbers nearly
one-fourth of the population. There
are also about 100000 Moslems,
partly descended from Arab traders.
Lastly, there is native Christian
element. partly Portuguese and
Dutch Eurasians. Each of these
non-Singhalese groups has it's own
rights and status, though the Bud
dhist Singhalese set the tone, and
Evening star., 1946-06-10

BARNARD, Vt.-The appointment Of
Senator Austin to succeed Edward Stet-
tinius as United States delegate to the
United Nations, may, and hope will,
open the gates of the Senate to one of
the ablest men in the United States :
Ralph E. Flanders. Mr.. Flanders ran
against Gov. Aiken in the last senatorial
primary contest and was defeated. This
was not extraordinary, for George Aiken
was an extremely popular Governor ana
in TINS predominantly agricultural State
had the support of the Farm Bureau.
Mr.. Flanders is an industrialist, and a
remarkable one e.'.
But although three other candidates
have presented petitions in the pri-
mary, none of them is SO formidable an
opponent as Gov. Aiken was, and Mr..
Flanders stature has been increasingly
recognized in Vermont Mr.. Flanders
viii have strong support from many
not usually active in party politics, but
anxious that Senator Austin's seat
should be filled with a man of equal
ability, and by one with knowledge OF
foreign affairs. That Mr.. Flanders has.
along with wide experience in public
administration.
hill farm at Barnet, and he has the
Imagination, quiet and creative enter
prise spirit which this little State breeds
into a relatively large number of her
sons At one time Vermont had the
largest number in proportion to her
population of entries in who's Who.
Mr.. Flanders, born inventor, is largely
self-taught since the time he appren-
ticed himself in machine shops. Even
tually he went to Jones & Lampson,
machine tool makers of Springfield, VT
and in the course of time became its
president. His wife is the daughter OF
the former president and founder. a
scientific genius and one-time Governor
of the State, James Hartness. +
* y X
Mr.. Flanders carried on the inven-
tive tradition of the company, which
often has wished to keep him at the
drafting table rather than in the public
eye. His company, though situated in
town of 5000 people, even off rail-
way, was rated during the war as one
of the most important concerns in
America. Springfield produced a fifth
Of all American machine tools.
Fortune, which saw that Mr.. Flanders
is not the conventional type of bust
ness man, devoted an article to him
last year; His interest in industry is
scientific and organizational. He is little
driven by the profit motive" He lives
in a beautiful ancient house, but not a
grand one, and keeps but one servant
The chief feature of his home is a
large, discriminatory selected library
and Mr. Flanders is better read than
most professors, and in wide range
of subjects
Evening star., 1946-06-10
New Intelligence Head

President Truman's choice of Lieu
tenant General Hoyt S. Vandenberg
as successor of Rear Admiral Sidney
W. SouerS, U. S. N. R., retiring direc-
tor of the Central Intelligence
Group, is further evidence of the
Presidents farsighted determination
to build up in this country the
strong and effective foreign intelli-
gence system required by the new
era OF international research in
atomic and electronic weapons of
war. Admiral Souers. who, at the
urgent request of the President, de-
ferred his return to private business
to accept appointment as first direc-
tor of Central Intelligence, has laid
the groundwork for development of
the organization envisioned by Mr..
Truman and deemed essential by his
military, naval and diplomatic ad-
viSers.
1t will be General Vandenberg's
duty to strengthen the framework
already begun so ably by Admiral
Souers and to build upon it a firm
and permanent structure which will
become the co-ordinating headquar-
ters of the unpublicized listening
posts and observation centers to be
set up around the globe by the in
telligence forces of the Army, Navy
and State Department. This is a
wholly novel undertaking for the
United States, which entered World
War II under the serious handicap
OF inadequate information concern
ing its enemies.
The director of the group will
have the responsibility not only of
mating the operations of the
respective information collecting
agencies, but of integrating and
evaluating the intelligence thus as
sembled. He will require, therefore,
not only organizing and admins
trative abilities but the keen insight
of a military analyst. General VAN
denberg's extraordinary record as q
Evening star., 1946-06-10
On the Record
BY Dorothy Thompson

Having once had an ardent MARKHAM
as house guest, I drove with him to
Springfield and had an entertaining
afternoon listening to the industrialist
challenge the MARKHAM on Marx, whom
Mr.. Flanders had obviously read more
thoroughly than his Socialist opponent
Mr. Flanders is an open-minded man.
a genuine liberal, in the sense of "the
liberal tradition so brilliantly exposed
in the recent book by William Aylott
Orton of Smith College. He is
Christian-in his household grace is al
ways said before mealS-a patriot. a
regionalist without being sectionalist,
and man thoroughly familiar with
what is going on in the country and in
the world, in science, industry and
politics.
Blunt intellectual courage is also one
of his qualities. He was member of
the industrial advisory board to NRA
and in the atmosphere of Hugh John
sons flying cats and Hail to the Chief
which had his fellows speechless, he rose
to say few Well-considered words con-
cernlng the probable results of some
OF the proposed policies. He has fore
sight and invariably sees the logical
process OF development from source to
effect.
He was on the Committee on Economic
Development set under the Department
of Commerce, and was chairman of its
research committee, which did some of
the stralghtest if not most needed think
ing during the Roosevelt administration.
He was no conventional anti-NeW Dealer
but he was anti many specific programs
from reasonable motives. His research
committee can be credited for finding
compromise formula for Breton
Woods.
Mr.. Flanders has done advisory and
expert jobs on the Vermont Planning
Commission. WPB, and the Economic
Sterilization Board, is president of the
New England Council, the liveliest re-
gional organization in the country, and
has BEEN until recently, president of the
New England Federal Reserve Bank He
was Willkie Republican and definitely
belongs to the liberal wing of the party.
He is concerned with building bridges
between Government industry and
labor, and between the nations of the
world
Thoroughly aware of the social i'm
is gifted with an uncommon amount Of
common sense, open-minded to change,
but impatient OF sloganized and impre-
else thinking, deeply interested in edu-
cation, and allergic-too allergic for a
politician-to personal publicity, and
the last man to awaken hopes in any
pressure group.
Vermont, if it sends Mr.. Flanders to
the Senate, will indeed have elected a
Senator of the United States
,Released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc,
Evening star., 1946-06-10
British Foreign Policy
By Raymon Moley

The Attlee-Bevin government is, after
year, beginning to reveal new foreign
policy for Britain. For months there
was little to choose between Labors
attitude on Empire affairs and the Vic
torian views of Churchill. The debates
in Parliament last week showed clearly
that the parting of the roads has been
reached. 1t is still the Churchill of
1910, 1922 and 1910. All the color and
majesty of expression are there. But
he is pointing to a road that was fol-
lowed by Disraeli, the Chamberlains and
Baldwin. 1t is a road that led Britain
into two wars, to the great weakening
Of the aScendency of the home country
and to an economic system that is in
efficient and outdated
If Tory party policies were to be fol-
lowed there would be hopeless attempt
to sustain the Empire as it was so years
ago. No concessions of Importance
would be made to restless subject
peoples; Germany and Japan would be
built up as military powers to oppose
Russia and the West would be modified
for an ultimate war with Russia, which
could lead to nothing but terrible eX-
haustion everywhere. But apparently
the Tory leadership is not going to
prevail.
X X x X
The government under Bevin is ap-
parently working out foreign policy
which takes account of the great
changes in world relations. The most
obvious indication is in the new atti-
tude toward India, but the most impor-
tant is the prospect of changes in the
Mediterranean.
In quiet way in press conference
Bevin passed out the word that his
government is willing to see and intends
to work for the, nternationalization of
the Mediterranean and its approaches
within ten years. This point Of view
Evening star., 1946-06-10

over which the Allies cannot come to
an agreement will unquestionably be-
come a powerful argument in Foreign
Minister Molotovs diplomatic dealings.
AT the Paris conference the represent
atives of the three western powers will
once more insist on a peace based at
least on relative justice" and expect to
achieve their objective by moral per-
suasion. They have nothing else to
back up their argument.
The Soviet representative will insist
on a practical peace" based on Russia
and her satellites obtaining the lions
share in the division of the spoils. He
expects to achieve his aims through
military persuasion.
Without becoming a factual aggressor,
Russia could give the signal to Marshal
Tito, for instance, to start an uprising
in Venezia Giulia and Trieste which
would put the feeble American British
force guarding the line between Yugo-
slavia and Italy in serious predicament.
If the situation demanded, Marshal Ko-
nev, the commander in chief of the Rus
sian armies in Central Europe, could
move into any area he desired without
risking anything. The American Brit
lsh military position is such that the
Russians could literally walk into any
port OF Europe they might choose.
y X X
With this advantage, the Soviet for
eign minister is expected to prove ada
mant and exacting at the Paris confer
ence. He is confident that he will meet
only verbal resistance from his west
ern colleagues and hopes to make the
Paris session into another Munich"
Whether MolotoVs hopes will be full
filled remains to be seen. Mr.. Byrnes
and Mr.. Bevin are determined at this
time to maintain their previous posi-
tions. They know the situation as well
as Mr.. Molotov, but are convinced that
the moral stand they have adopted is
just and must prevail regardless of how
much force Russia might have at this
time
Mr.. Byrnes, who likely will be accom-
panied by Senator Vandenberg, will not
go to Paris with any rigid policy. He is
willing to compromise provided the COM
promise does not affect the fundamental
principles for which we have fought the
war. That is to say, the blue prints
for the European peace must be in keep
ing with what the American Government
considers just peace
So far as the Secretary Of State is
concerned there will be no Munich"
this time. He is determined in the
event of deadlock. to submit the whole
matter to the United Nations Assembly,
regardless of whae moves the Russians
and their satellites may have in mind.
Evening star., 1946-06-10

indicates a real intention to put full
confidence in the U. N. as a substitute
for Empire in this great bottleneck in
the worlds highways 1t means that
the idea of an impregnable Gibraltar,
Malta and Cyprus is to be abandoned.
A recognition of this is essential if
Britain is to act in line with the impli-
cations of an atomic age.
There will be clear advantages in this
Britain will have a superior moral posi-
ton in international bargaining 1t
would most likely pull Russias claims
for the Dardanelles and perhaps the
Danube into the zone of International
lzatlon. Such general settlement
would do more to penetrate the iron
curtain than all of Churchills thunder
ing.
In the Arab world the reaction would
be most important. British economic
influence in the Middle East would be
greater if, once freed from the eternal
political squabblings with the Arabs, the
way should be opened to large economic
developments in Arabian countries by
all the big powers. At the present time
Russia is conducting an active propa-
gan6a campaign among the Arabs,
based on British imperialism.
An internationaliZation of the Med
iterranean would be less of a gamble
than it seems at first glance 1t would
lend reality to the function of the U. N.
as a means of adjusting rivalries over
backward countries. 1t would take away
the Soviet's strongest arguments. And.
above all, Britain would only be giving
up what she could never maintain
single-handed. British leaders who look
to the future know too we'll that their
country could hardly survive another
general European war. 1t is the u. N. or
a return to chaos
Released by the Associated Newspapers, ne.)
Evening star., 1946-06-10
This Changing World
BY CONSTANTINE BrolOn

The second Big Four Paris Confer
ence will begin it's labors on June IT..
Secretary of State Byrnes and Foreign
Secretary Bevin are fully aware that it
will be far more momentous and dyna-
mite-laden than last months sessions.
The present situs ton in Europe re-
minds observers of conditions which
existed on the Continent before the
Munich Conference in the fall of 1888.
During the parleys between Hitler
and the representatives of the western
democracies, the German dictator con-
centrated large forces on the Bavarian-
Czechoslovak borders. These concen-
trations took place quietly, but not so
quietly that the British and the French
governments did not know about the
strength of the Nazi military force
massed on the Czech border.
Thus when Hitler demanded that all
his wishes be fulfilled by the Allies
or else his diplomatic action was
backed by military force. Neither
the British nor the French had any
armies ready to meet the German on
slaught, had Hitler decided to force the
issue on the Sudetenland.
A similar diplomacy is being followed
now by the Kremlin. After the post
ponement of the first Paris conference,
followed by more or less polite denuncia-
tionS from Washington, London and
Moscow, the Russians got to work con-
centrating military forces in areas
which strategists could consider
threat to the remainder of the Amer
lean and British troops in Europe.
X
There has been a concentration of
about 100000 troops of the first line
between Breslau and Dresden. Five
guard divisions have been withdrawn
from Austria and Hungary and sent
into Czechosloyakia. According to for
mer Czech Premier Fierlinger, these
troops were in transit to Germany.
But after they crossed the border they
vanished and no one knows exactly
where they have been placed. The
guess of many military observers is that
they are now stationed in the Sudeten-
land facing the American military
police in Bavaria.
The number of Russian troops sta
toned at points extending from Poland
to the Bavarian borders is estimated
at more than 2,500,00 not including
the Polish and Yugoslav forces. The
American British forces throughout
Europe consist of barely 10 per cent of
that number.
1t would be going to extremes to say
that the Russians intend to attack their
former western Allies. But the presence
of this Overwhelming Red Army in areas
Evening star., 1946-06-10
DR.. BoqomoIets and Life

ing into an age when it will be nor
NAL for average human beings to
keep on living for $50 years?
DR.. Alexander Bogomolets, the dis
tinguished Russian biologist, says
yes. Indeed, in his opinion, it is not
only conceivable but probable as
Well--assuming, of course, that we
do two things: % Take reasonably
good care of ourselves, and (2) start
using his celebrated serum when our
connective tissues begin to deterio-
rate.
For some time past this serum
(knoWn as ACS-short for antiretic-
ular cytotoxic serum) has been the
subject of much controversy among
medical scientists in Britain and
America, where it's significance has
been generally debated. But DR..
Bogomolets, in the first interview he
has ever granted to the foreign
press, has now come forward to de-
TEND it actively, contending with
good humor and not a little persua-
siveness that its critics have mis-
understood or misapplied it and in
sisting that its proper use can really
effect an enormous increase in our
life expectancy.
In saying this, however, the dean
of the Kiev Institute of Biology and
Pathology has been careful to en-
phaSize that the serum is not a cure
Tor cancer or other deadly diseases.
What he claims for it-and it is a
very far-reaching claim-is that it
prolongs life by stimulating the
pody's natural self-protective proc
eSses. Stated another way, it holds
off senility by increasing the resist
ance of the connective tissues to the
wear of years and thus sets up a
strong guard against illnesses that
would otherwise conquer age-weak-
ened bodies.
Obviously the last word has not
been heard on this subject, and
mlddle-aged laymen will therefore
be wise to reserve judgment and not
clamor for ACS in the hope of living
Tor $50 years. Nevertheless even the
most nonscientific mind must be
fascinated by what DR.. Bogomolets
claims. not least because it has the
ring of plausibility in it. After all,
the Russians are particularly strong
In the field of biology, and it is a
fact that the average life span has
been very greatly extended over the
centuries by things discovered in
laboratories. Moreover, in the era of
electronics and the harnessed atom.
wonders have been piling up so fast
that only the rash and unimagina-
tive would dare to ridicule the idea
OF striking a spectacular blow
against the aging process.
Eventually, of course, the contro-
Versy over the Russian life" serum
will be settled one way or the other.
Meanwhile it is bit staggering to
contemplate the possibility of it's
being proved a complete success.
Since the early 1sOOs the earth's
population has grown from roughly
one billion to two, and if the 1920
1925 rate of increase holds, there may
be close to four billions of us a CEN
tury from now. Add to this a sub
stance that will keep most of US alive
Tor $50 years, and what will we have
then? To call it crowded planet
would be to mouth perhaps the
greatest understatement of all time
Evening star., 1946-06-10
Says Mr.. Ickes Erred
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
In your June issue the acidulous
Mr.. 1ckes attacked the record and char
acter OF j. B. Hutson. AS to the only
point on which 1 can speak authorita-
lively. the charges are unwarranted
Mr.. Ickes made the following state
ment:
"on an occasion when Secretary An
aerson was away from WASHINGTON and
Mr.. Hutson was Acting Secretary, he
approved substantial advance in the
price OF hurley tobacco, another Ken
lucky product. Tobacco prices were al
ready pretty high, and Acting Secre-
tary Hutson did not seem to think that
Official propriety required that he con-
suit his superior officer. Subsequently
the unhappy situation in Agriculture
was solved by the kicking upstairs of
Undersecretary Hutson."
Mr.. Ickes could only be referring to
the ceiling price on hurley tobacco.
There has been no change in the CELL
ing price of hurley tobacco since MI.
Anderson became Secretary. In fact, it
has been changed only once since first
established in December, 1912. On De-
cember 4, 1943, year and a half before
Mr.. Anderson became Secretary, the
ceiling price was increased cents
pound. The position of the Depart
ment OF Agriculture was determined in
the presence of both Mr.. Hutson and
myself. Mr.. Hutson did not initiate the
change and consistently opposed an in
crease OF that extent. The order was
not signed by him. For Mr.. Ickes'
further information, the season average
price to the hurley growers has drifted
lower each year since 1943.
CHAS. E. GAGE. Director,
Tobacco Branch, Department of Agri-
- culture
Evening star., 1946-06-10
No 'Antistrike' Bill

AS the time approaches when the
President must veto the Case bill or
permit it to become law, there is
one point about which there has
been considerable misunderstanding,
which should be made clear.
In his appeal to Mr.. Truman to
veto the bill, Philip Murray, CIO
chieftain, said: "At the outset let
us ask ourselves a simple question.
Would any of the recent strikes have
been prevented or shortened for a
single day had this provision (for a
60-day waiting period prior to initi-
ating strike) been in effect prior to
those strikeS?"
Mr.. Murray discusses this question
at length and concludes that the
anwer must be in the negative, pri-
marily, according to him, because
workers are slow to strike and be-
cause, in any event, more than go
days elapsed in most of the recent
important controversies between the
filing of the request for collective
bargaining negotiations and the be-
ginning of the strike.
If this argument has merit it
would seem at best to point to the
conclusion that the provision for a
waiting period is superfuous since
1t would require of unions only that
which they are already doing. The
fact is, however, that not all unions
wait so days before resorting to a
strike, and the purpose of this pro-
vision simply is to assure that the
Federal Mediation Board, once it
has proffered its service in dispute,
shall have at least that much time
In which to attempt to bring the
parties together before strike, with
its injury to the public interest and
its intensifcation of the controversy,
can begin.
Mr.. Murray also contends that
this provision is dangerous invi-
tation" to strike after exhaustion
of the waiting period. This is not a
convincing argument, however, for
If it can be said that the effect of
the provision is to sanction strike
after go days, this, as has been
pointed out by proponents of the
bill, adds nothing to the explicit
recognition of the right to strike
contained in such measures as the
Clayton Act, the Norris-La Guardia
Act and the National Labor Rela-
tions Act. And Mr. Murray Ger
tainly would be the last to concede
that the absolute right to strike upon
which he insists could properly be
limited in any way by anything that
might be said or left unsaid in any
legislation.
The real truth of this matter is
that the Case bill is not designed as
an antistrike measure, but is aimed
at other abuses. In one section it
seeks to give mediation a chance.
But for the rest, it would not have
prevented the recent strikes and
would not prevent strikes in the fu-
ture, for that is not its purpose.
This should be made perfectly clear
so that, if the bill becomes law, it
will not be subject to criticism in
the future on the basis of miscon-
ceived argument that it has failed
to stop strikes.