davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26
Roster Of Billings Unions

Yellowstone County Trades & Labor
Assembly-Meets Fri. $ pm, In the
Labor Temple, 2sl5 ~ LIST ave 70.
BOX 7Gl. l.. a kautsky, pres. sam
Wilson, vp.: Il. T.. Morhouse. Sec
treas. Robert Wi.st. read. clerk
John Newman. scrgeant-at-arms; X
T.. Morhouse, bus. agent OF build
ing Trades.
c-,rnruters. Local 30. ll72 - Roy
THOMPSON pres. l.. II. Helterbran,
rec. sec. Meets lst ana Sd TUESDAYS
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26
Roster Of Butte Unions


Rncfor ut BUTTE Unions
rire Fighters Meets lst Thursday aft
.r Is, "Wednesday Of month at Quartz
street Fire station; Pres; James MAJ
sy,nnnnu'
IN T.a,lo. & Labor Council
oinei rms x Nm Carpenters hall
j. Crawford, pres; John Mcleod, v.p.;
smart Waters, sec. Box 1917.
,,,aa.e cnuncil meets Tues.
bu,te inu5' c,rnenters' han. c. San
a. NV NgI,nunld. W.; VIM. Hon
-, - liorrison. treas.
Nnn,ann state Assn, plumbers and Fit
Mvh.a"' an : l;finn crrat Falls, pres.
ters- lnvJ N,n ao9 Mercury. Butte,
lat :, suili''n' Il ~. ~ III, can OF
s,o' ~ ''~
.,rl.,v I'm, coproy,ca. pres: J. X.
Costello ~ e'.' - ist aud Sd
iiIh'"tf 4, park
Win r'-' ,Jor p,rL Of
Barteluers :, Nm petmIlith Non. at i pm.
NJ. MulcaivN,, pres -. . n
rec; sec.' - io'''"
Nam. IL, aua "a Tuos
Boilermakeis- Meets ~ ni5 q. Main
1890. Good lcihplala ~, IhaIi IN
W. c. HUI, pres; Cllli Mltcneii' rn,ppnn
Steve Scman, ih.-ot ,,seG,, zoo
iiollanan, tiens., J,rk Gaffney.
s.c.i i, iI trustees.
l.nrE A.. Kritzman.
pres i"ii .~.as.' ia 1 Montana
- b't%n, sNIt,lp' Nie,ts lst Wed. Car
~, lMu"s
p'''N' ornamental Iron
Workers-Joe onppd: pref peiiers' 26lG
PARK ~, I'M $. m .,sel. and Is. a., HUI
iia.N"iu III. 9olS Phillips ave.
VWTiat, "a 33nd ith Non. at Carpenters
M'g'' - NJ
Han
huilaAi ,ll 81, 4; George Mac
lmi"Sin Ni,' tA,ss.' ~ md business
.-- y sl5lss.
HAtht. l1Nt' 49,, I,ples,
butchers a8S Meets "a w. Robert
nan, Nernnh 1pnaeas annev lin. sec:
Strp1zi' ,.pM N 49,: John Butla.
joseph i,niSN, ,tn,niirh nuard,
su'ua' uu' AK ahnrs. 5 pm. Car
ntpni"rN h.ll lohn Nsiiy PRES: - isay
cote, yp, thHfi, I. li,,Iicx riddv,
A. j. l.hl,f ''4t iaR.- s'',, an'tn r. t,has'
u"tsi J'Ml n''''' M
WILL MHt' oxcent
holidays, At Miners ,,ndaaii,, Maddux
Ripper, PRES Aa VIC see: a. j. Guen-
v,p, nl"'t ~
tlier. iln.-sfc' Ill, ru;a,,
Cooks II Walters Meets lst r nsrias
at i pr; Sd Friday at pm. Cha nits
White, pres; Frca lem, VIA Nus
am~nt ana lin. sec. Phone so3l. I'VE
S7Gnvlord.
rlectrjral Workers No. G5-Walter n
Cress, pres. Emmett S. keyser' v.n;
Inc Thomson, fiji. sec; John r.. llru
rec. Sec; Albert Coomps, p a5 r mh
225 :. pakoia. Meets LIST and ga aues.
Carpenters hall. IN poSiu
every Tues. Carpenters ma, ~
Film l~tNchansc EinploSees .Iuli;
h-I3-gtiii W. srrR GIBSON, rec. sec.
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26
No. iu2S3
NOTICE OF PRIVATE SALE or
REAL ESTATE BY
ADMINISTRATIVE
In the District court OF the Second ~
dicial District or the STATE = 9o,nr
tana. in and for the County OF Silver
u lh. Mntter Of the Estat. Of

NJ 80
tha Matter az the Estate Of
JOHN KILN. Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that pursuant
~, an order II the above entitled Court
dulv given aud made on the lith gay
or September, 1876, III the matter 81 my
estate Of John Kun. deceased, tlt w
d.rsipned. az administrators Of inc
.pLayr entitled estate, with the VIII
annexed, viii sell at private saie' 70
III, hiah,St bidder, on and after the
srd day OF october, laih, at iV' SiiNtr
Eow Enilling, Butte, silver Sow Gun
described lands and ~tenements. to-Wlt.
lot numbered twenty t2u1 ~ isln,h
Numbered Twenty-scven CD 81 'h,,
nalv addition, and Lot NUMBERED
rive 90. except the norm inrtN-t"o
ti2) feet in Block numbered thirty
fiy, ,s5l of the Wilson Park Addi.
,inn. 10 complete Lot Numbered
twenty t2o) of Block numbered
T~wrntv-seNen ta7) IF the DAILY Ad-
anton. lutte. county Of Silver Bow
STATE nf Montana. according 70 th'
official plat and survey thereof now
ON file and 81 record IN the "filce ~
~, county clerk and Recorder OF
silver Row county. Montana,
said sal. Mill he made at private sal,
and Kids or offers viii he received antl
may H.. l.ft at the office Of John Is
tlaxfon. Room inH. silver Bow liuiid'
.lile. Huite, Montana. or may ." de.lN'
.r,d to tho undersigned adininlstiatr,is
i~r.rsnnullv. or may be filed with m
i,l.rt III The above entitled Court: hid'
IL. ntfrrs must he in writing. Term
~ sale cash upon confirmation 81 Tn
sale BY the Court,
johanna EI.Tz. Administrator,
win the VIII Annexed Of tn,
Estat, Of John Kun. Deceased
! rirSi publication. sept. -, lai6-2t
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26
Roster Of Great Falls Unions

Cascade County Trades & Labor As
sembly-Meets Fri. Carpenters hall.
Il. |. Steinmetz. Box 201S. pres. l.. l..
Price. v.p.. J EyankO. Jr.. sec, Box
1893. l.. II. Rebal. treas. Leo Stew
art, John Dusak. Carl Holman. r. X.
and Jerry Molen. e. b.: Herb
NJ. Brew serCeant-at-arms.
Great Falls Building q Construction
Trades Council-Iiobt. Sands. pres:
Walter Davidson. v.p.. r.. X. Britten,
sec.-treas.: l.. Thompson, s~erEeant-at-
arms: Ralph McNey. Earl Talbot,
Stardahl, truestccs.
international Alliance Theatrical Stage
Employees * Motion Picture Ma
chine operators. Local GLIB. H.
. Steinmetz. pres: Arthur r. Moe. sec
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26

In the district Court OF the S,,"hu
fgdi.ial district Of the state of Nom
tan in and for the county of silver
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26

DEMAND THE UNION LABEL
Montana labor news., 1946-09-26

In the District Court ot the
Judicial District at the Stat, 1T Me
tana, in and for the County 81 ~ils
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Government Insists
Coal Talks Continue
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

The Government put John l.
Lewis in rom with the soft coal
operators today and insisted that
they negotiate a new contract to
end the critical 30-day -old mine
shutdown
Secretary of Labor Schwellenbach
provided the conference room in the
Labor Department Building, instead
of the fashionable Shoreham Hotel
where previous negotiations begged
down April 10.
The Secretary also stationed two
seasoned "umpires' in the room
with the committees of miners and
operators to make certain the dis
cussions keep going, if at all posi-
BILE. Then he stepped out OF the
picture and expressed the convic-
ton that the groundwork had been
laid for continuing the talks until
eventual settlement.
The two Government mediators
are Edward F. McGrady, one time
Assistant Secretary of Labor and
now vice president of the Radio
Corp. of America, and Paul w.
Fuller, former labor organizer and
coal miner.
Mr.. Schwellenbach and his aides
were noncommittal about whether
any specific propositions had been
given to the operators or to Mr..
Lewis. Mr.. McGrady said it was
too early to tell' whether any
progress had been made at the in
itial session yesterday.
Mr.. Lewis was pleasant but un-
communicative. The operators con-
ceded that for the present at least
it was Government show"
Evening star., 1946-04-30
-AP Wirephoto.

is to furnish a formula for the re-
Mobilization of the Philippine ma
tional economy through the encour-
agement of private enterprise and
private initiative HR 1856 provides
an economic function for the build.
ings and factories which will be
restored and rebuilt under the
terms of S1610.
Hits Damage Limit.
while it is unfortunate that the
Congress saw fit to provide in S161t
that no war damage payment in ex.
cess of $500 shall be made unit
the executive agreement shall have
been entered into between the Presi.
dent of the United States and the
President of the Philippines under
the terms HR 1856 to all practica
purposes this provision is surplusage
as the benefits which will flow under
the enactment of the two bills are
so great as to insure execution
Of the executive agreement by the
Republic of the Philippines.
This is unprecedented legisla-
ton for the United States, but the
situation itself is unprecedented
We are about to grant political in
dependent to these people. To-day
we are giving them a chance tc
preserve and develop their Nation
on temporary economic basis OF
trade preferences. Political inde-
pendence without economic stability
would be totally ineffective.
Il am happy to approve these
two measures which give notice tc
the people of the Philippines and
to the people of the entire worlo
that are redeeming our promises
to the heroic Philippine people"
Evening star., 1946-04-30
the Commissioners on recommenda.
ton Of the Welfare Board.

the Commissioners on recommends
ton of the Welfare Board.
Mr.. Overlade, a Federal career
officer with 80 years in the Civil
Service, has been attached to the
Bureau Of Prisons for the last 16
years. During his duty here, he
served for a time as budget officer
for the Bureau of Prisons, and made
many appearances before congress
sional committees in that capacity.
Mr.. Overlade, who came here
from Provo, Utah, when he entered
Federal service, has maintained an
official residence in Washington
since leaving here two years ago to
take over his duties in Indiana. The
model institution there is set up to
accommodate 1000 prisoners.
Mr.. Overlade, in his middle SOS,
has two married daughters and a
son in the armed services.
Mr.. Overlade became a bishop in
the Mormon Church in 1941, a posi-
ton equivalent to that Of pastor.
Since there are no paid ministers
in the church, members taking turns
in serving as bishop, Mr.. Overlade
was able to preach in addition to his
duties as q Government official.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Contract Bridge. Teams
Begin Championship PIoy
BY the Assoeiofsd Press


NEW YORK, April 30.-A total of
SO contract bridge teams, the largest
in the history Of the event, began
play last night in the Vanderbilt
Cup bridge tournament, national
team -of-four championship.
Two of the three favored teams
Jagged at the end OF the first ses-
sion. They must win better than
average scores to gain entrance in
the regular Knockout rounds be-
ginning tomorrow. The teams were
those Of Howard Schenken, George
Rapee, Sam Stayman, New York;
Oswald Jacoby, Dallas. Tex, and
John Crawford, Philadelphia, and
the combination OF Lee Hazen,
Morrie Ellis, Robert McPherran.
Theodore A. Lightner, New York,
and Phil Abramson, Hollywood, Fla.
The defending champions. Mrs.
Helen Sobel and B. Jay Becker, New
York, and Charles H. Goren and
Sidney Silodor, Philadelphia, have
won six and one-half matches out
of eight.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Conference
Continued From First Page J

peace treaties with the two former
enemy countries.
He said a draft Of the mutual as
sistance pact dealing with Germany
was contained in secret documents
sent to Moscow, Paris and London
several months ago.
The only decision reached by the
ministers yesterday was to place at
the tail-end Of the agenda the pre-
l1minary" discussion Of the whole
German problem"
This generally was interpreted as
victory for Britain over French
requests for definite talks on the
Ruhr and Rhineland.
Most OF yesterdays session was
devoted to discussion of the future
Of Italian colonies, with Russia ex-
pressing willingness to compromise
on her earlier demands for exclu-
sive trusteeship over Tripolitania.
Mr.. Byrnes, who presided, urged
that ultimate trusteeship for the
Italian colonies be referred to the
United Nations Security Council.
Mr.. Molotov, expressing sympathy
with Frances contention to allow
Italy to become sole trustee Of for
mer Italian colonies, proposed a
United Nations trusteeship and
multi-national advisory boards serv-
ing with Russian or British ad-
ministrator and an Italian deputy
administrator.
British Cite Sacrifices.
The Russian minister suggested
that a Russian be named admins
traitor of Tripolitania, and that
either Briton or an American be
named administrator of Cirenaica.
British Foreign Secretary Ernest
Bevin cited sacrifices made by
British, Indian and Dominion troops
in the conquest OF North Africa, in
opposing the return of former colo-
nies to Italy.
He proposed sweeping changes of
the map of Africa which would
create two new countries-an inde-
pendent Libya, combining Tripon-
tania and Cirenaica, and a greater
Evening star., 1946-04-30
&C. Jail
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page.)
largely on what accommodations he
can arrange He said he. was ap-
plying for reservations both by plane
and train.
He added that he will come alone
until he finds out the exact nature
OF what he is to do.
Appointment of Mr.. Overlade was
announced late yesterday at a press
conference called by Attorney Cen
eral Clark.
To Mr.. Overlade falls the task of
making the institutions escape proof,
pending action on permanent legis-
lation as recommended by the He
bert subcommittee after the Jail in
vestigation.
Chairman Mcmillan of the House
District Committee disclosed this
morning he was unable to muster a
quorum of committee members to
act on the Hebert report.
Mr.. Mcmillan added, though, that
he expected enough members to be
available Thursday to consider the
matter at 1890 am.
Mr.. Overlade was an assistant
director in the Bureau of Prisons
here when assigned to the newest
Federal penitentiary at Terre Haute.
Offices will be set up for him in
the District Building and he is ex-
pected to assume active charge
Thursday, working under the gen.
eral supervision of Mr.. Bennett.
Mr.. Clark expressed the opinion
that MIR. Overlade and his aides
will be able to overhaul the Dis
trict's system and help District
officials to setup a smooth working,
efficient organization within two
months.
The new acting superintendent
will be able to call in such as
sistance as he deems necessary, in
cluding medical men versed in pris-
oner treatment, a parole omcer,
psychiatrist and others trained in
Federal penal work. 1t was ex-
pected, however, that no extensive
changes would be made in present
personnel by Mr.. Overlade.
Welfare Board Awaits Word.
Welfare officials had received no
official notification from the Justice
Department Of the designation of
Mr.. Overlade. Welfare Director
Huff promised swift action if it is
determined that any is necessary
by the Board of Public Welfare.
The welfare director said he was
uncertain what action if any would
be necessary by the Welfare Board
in view of the fact Mr.. Overlade
presumably is to remain on the
Federal payroll.
Corporation Counsel Vernon E.
West told reporters he thought the
appointment should go through the
regular channels to be on the safe
side of the law. Under normal pro-
cedure prescribed by the Welfare Act
Of 1926 the general superintendent
Of penal institutions as well as other
welfare employees are appointed by
Evening star., 1946-04-30
|St. Thomas Church PIons
Drive for Canned Food

A drive to collect canned foods for
the stricken people of Europe will
begin today at st. Thomas Episcopal
Church, Eighteenth and Church
streets NV. and will run through
Saturday.
Friends and neighbors are in
vited to assist. Donations should be
left at the church ONCE on Church
street. Mrs. Grace A. Strait is in
charge of the collections.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Mrs. Meservey Heads
IWomun's Ad Club

Mrs. Elaine Meservey was elected
president of the Women's Advertis-
ing Club OF Washington last night
at the groups annual dinner meet
ing at the Lee-Sheraton Hotel. Mrs.
Meservey succeeds Mrs. Ruth Crane
Other officers elected by the more
than As members present we're:
Mrs. Jean Ambrose, vice presi-
dent; Miss Edith Lusby, treasurer
Miss Hazel Markell, recording secre-
tary, and Miss Jane Wyatt, ccrre-
spending secretary
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Philippines
Continued From First Page \

Roosevelt called upon the Congress
to make provision to determine the
adjustments necessary in the exist
ing provisions of law which govern
the economic relations between the
United States and the Philippines
so as to assist in making the Philip
pines, as an independent nation
economically secure
Climax of Promises.
"The recommendation was made
in the heat and desperation of
struggle. It climaxed promises made
to the people of the Philippines that
not only would their land be lib
Grated from the tyranny of the
enemy, but that they would be given
their full independence and would
be rehabilitation from the ravages
Of war.
"The enactment of HR 1856 and
S1610 into law marks the fulfill
ment of the last of these promises
In S1610 we are making provision
for war damage payments to those
who suffered war losses in the Phil
lippines and for the reconstruction
and rehabilitation of public prop
erty. We are also undertaking to
rehabilitate and develop those tech
nical Skills and services which will
be essential for the survival and
growth of the Philippines as an
independent nation.
TN HR 1886 we are providing for
the establishment, through an exec
utive agreement, of an unprece-
dented plan of preferential trade
relations with the PHILIPPINES to
last for % years. We have never
entered in any similar agreement
with any foreign government
Preferential trade relations are
alien to the policy OF this admin
istration. In substance, however
HR 1856 is a rehabilitation act. It's
sole purpose and guiding philosophy
Evening star., 1946-04-30
II More Reported Dead
In Luzon Violence
BY fha Associated Pas.


MANILA, April 3o.-A dispatch to
the Manila Bulletin today reported
II more persons had been killed IN
Central Luzon, raising to % the
number slain in violence resulting
from the election last week.
The dispatch said Is Hukbalahaps,
guerrilla supporters OF President
Osmena, were slain and two military
police were killed In battles at Lapaz
Tarlac Province and Santa Ana in
Pampanga Province.
Alfredo Montelibano, national de-
fense secretary, said additional re-
Inducements would be sent to Nueva
Ecija Province If the terrorism con-
tinued.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Reds Soy Allies Take
Huge Sums From ItuIy
By the Associoied Press

MOSCOW, April 30.-The official
news service Tass said today in a
Paris dispatch that Allied occupa-
ton authorities already have
pumped out of Italy in the form
of expenses for the upkeep of occu-
patton forces and removal of equip
ment and all kinds of material a
many-fold larger sum" than the
$500, 900 900 proposed by Russia as
reparations from italy.
The Soviet Union has asked for
500, 100000 reparations for herself
and 5000, ,000, 900 for countries raw
aged by the Italian Army.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
BY Tom Mosterson

Asseeiofed Press Foreign Core. pondent
CHANGCHUN, Manchuria, April
20 Delayed The battle fol
Changchun ragged all around the
Communist-invaded house where
fVe American correspondents were
quartered, but all emerged safely
The residence of Mayor c. H
Chao, it was directly in the path OF
Communist troops advancing from
the south toward the center of the
city a short distance away.
During April II machine-gun
bullets peppered the building and
whined through the windows.
Persuaded Reds to Leave.
At midnight I was awakened by
q kick on the shoulder and looked
up from my pallet on the floor into
the grimy faces of eight Com
munist soldiers: They held candles
which cast weird shadows as they
dragged a machine gun into the
room.
After lengthy discussion I per-
suaded them to move to an adjoin-
ing room, which was unoccupied.
The Communists swarmed all
through the house. despite the fact
that it few an American flag.
A soft-spoken young Communist
captain finally agreed that his men
would occupy only certain rooms.
No sooner had he left, however,
than others moved in and made
themselves at home. Throughout
the night and the following day,
more than IS Communist soldiers
occupied the house.
Henry Liebermann of the New
York Times, Reynolds Packard of
the United Press, and Charlotte
Elmer of the International News
Service awakened in the morning
to find practically every inch of
their rooms taken up by sleeping
Communist troops. One had moved
into Liebermann's bed.
Locked Door, Left Alone.
The fifth correspondent, George
Weller of the Chicago Daily News,
also had visitors in the night.
After the argument with the ma
chine gunners I locked my door and
was not disturbed further, although
some soldiers ratified the door.
Later Maj. Gen. Sun Chsn, COM
mander of one of the Communist
detachments, apologized to us for
our inconvenience, and food which
his men had eaten was replaced.
The troops left the house disordered,
but stole nothing and did not mis-
behave.
They apparently did not know
that the house was the Mayors
home and did not recognize him,
although he had expected to be
taken prisoner.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
FoIonge Newspaper Calls
Inquiry an Insult

MADRID, April 80 (P).-The Fa-
lange newspaper Arriba asserted
today that the United Nations Sc
curity COUNSEL decision to investi-
gate Spain was IAN insult we shall
forget with difficulty"
Arriba said the appointment of a
subcommittee permitted "its five
members to assume the right OF
Judging Spain"
"One of the judges, Poland, is at
the same time the accuser and this
is the formation of an international
body charged with facing a nom
existent problem" Arriba COM
mented.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
u. N.
Continued From First PageD

because of the groups mixed politi-
cal complexion.
The flve-man subcommittee COM
priseS Australia and China, which
have no diplomatic relations with
Franco; Brazil, which maintains
relations with Madrid; France
whose relations with Madrid are
strained by the closure of the Span
ish frontier, and Poland, which
recognizes the Spanish exiles in
Paris as the government of Spain
DR.. Oscar Lange, Polish delegate
tackled two amendments on the
Australian compromise resolution
yesterday to put the Council on rec
ord as voicing unanimous moral
condemnation of the Franco re-
gime" and to set the date for the
subcommittee report not later than
May 81.
I'VE are very anxious Dr. Lange
said, that this subcommittee
does really work and does not prove
means of indefinitely shelving the
issue y"
Will Issue COmmuniques.
Mr.. HaSluck said most of the sub
committee sessions in the early
stages. including the first formal
meeting tomorrow afternoon, would
be in private, but that communiques
would be issued regularly.
ssIt will 1o ronoccor,, fo houa cpr,, a
secret sessions" he said, because
of commitments to sources to keep
documents submitted confidential
DR.. Lange said his agreement to a
subcommittee investigation did not
mean the withdrawal of his Soviet
supported original resolution de-
manding a collective U. N. break OF
diplomatic relations with Spain
1--WE understand that our earlier
resolution will again come under dis
cussion and vote after this commit
tee has presented its report" DR.
Lange told the Council.
Gromyko Expounds on Veto.
Andrei A. Gromyko, Soviet dele
gate, maintaining that Spain is q
proven menace and should be iso.
lated Immediately by all the 81
United Nations, told the Council his
vote could have defeated the Aus.
tralian resolution under the veto
power held by each of the Councils
big five permanent members. He
then said
This abstinence from voting or
my part on this question does not
in any sense constitute a precedent
susceptible of influencing in any
measure the question of abstinence
from voting by permanent mem
ber of the Security Council"
Edward r. Stettinius, jr., United
States delegate, who has similar
veto power, and DR.. Eelco van Klef-
fens of the Netherlands, who has
not, agreed with Mr.. Gromyko that
his abstention did not create a
precedent.
The Security Council was in re-
cess today subject to the call OF
Chairman Hafez Afifi Pasha OF
Egypt. 1t may not meet again be-
fore next week, when it may re-
examine the status of Red Army
Withdrawals from Iran. Mr.. Gro
myko has threatened to boycott any
further reference in Council to the
Iranian question.
Evening star., 1946-04-30
Emiqrution to Resume

ROME, April 30 (P.-American
consulates at Naples, Palermo and
Genoa will begin tomorrow issuing
visas for all categories of Italian
immigrants to the United States, it
was announced yesterday.
Evening star., 1946-04-30

Somaliland, under British trustee
ship and composed Of British and
italian somaliland and . part OF
Ethiopia.
To compensate Ethiopia, that ma
ton would be given part Of Eritrea
thus obtaining access to the Red
Sea.
Libya would be expected to join
the Arab league.
Mr.. Bevin indicated he would
stand firm against granting Rus
sia foothold In North Africa, and
suggested that the Italian peace
treaty incorporate declaration by
Italy renouncing all claims to her
former colonies.