davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-05-08
American AirIines Adds
More D. C.-Boston Trips

Two daily round trips with four
motored planes will be added to the
Washington-Boston service today by
American Airlines, bringing daily
round trips between the two cities to
nine.
At the same time, American an
nounced it had cut five minutes each
way from the Washington-New
York schedule of it's new feet of
four-engined transports. The line
now is flying 27 round trips to New
York daily.
Evening star., 1946-05-08
British Ships, Planes
Attacked Germans in
Sea, Doenitz Charges
By t:,s Assoeiotsd Press

NUREMBERG, May 8-Charges
that British warships and planes
attacked German sailors in lifeboats
or swimming in the sea were SUBJ
mitted to the International Military
Tribunal by Grand Admiral Karl
DoenitZ today in an effort to prove
that the Allied and Nazi navies
fought the war in virtually identi-
cal fashion.
ut is not my intention to criticize
any war measures by the Allied
powers" Defense Attorney Otto
Kranzbuehler told the tribunal in
his argument asking that the docu-
ments be accepted as evidence.
Il want to show what naval war;
fare was really like. I could not
do that by showing only German
methods. I must also show Allied
methods in order to prove that
German practices, like those of the
Allies, were legal"
Doenitz Stony Faced in Box.
Doenitz, who as Adolf Hitler's
successor surrendered Germany to
the Allies a year ago, sat stony
faced in the prisoners box as his
fight for life began. Apparently
neither he nor the tribunal took any
cognizance of the anniversary of his
surrender of all Nazi forces.
I The prosecution already has
challenged the relevance of a large
portion of Doenitz's documentary
evidence.
One Of Britain's naval heroes,
Rear Admiral Philip L. Wan, who
commanded the destroyer HMS Cos
sack in bold attack on the Ger
man prison ship Altmark in Nor
way February 20, 1910, was among
those accused of tactics rivalling
those charged to Nazi u boats.
Crew Driven Together.
The defense cited the AltmarK's
captain as stating that Admiral
VANS boarding parties swarmed
over the ship, driving the crew to-
gether with bayonets and pistols.
They opened savage fire against
other members of the Altmark crew,
especially on those who tried to
swing out lifeboat =" the Att
mark captain was reported as say
ing. Shots were fired on those in
the water as we'll as those crawling
across the ice, even on such as
reached land"
An affidavit by Georges Messer-
smith, now American Amha~-uur TO
Argentina and former >onsul Gen.
eral in Berlin, -eclaring that
Doenltz was nc- always mentally
balanced" alse was included among
the defense documents.
Evening star., 1946-05-08
Service Guild to Hold
.Mardi Grus Tomorrow

The Service Guild of Washington
will hold its third annual Mardi
Gras at $3.50 pm. tomorrow in the
Shoreham Hotel.
It will benefit the Children's Hos
pital drug and serum fund, the
Health Security administration S
milk and medicine fund and the
Service Guild fund for welfare work.
Evening star., 1946-05-08
Nuthun McGiII Dies

CHICAGO, May 8 (P).-Nathan K.
McGll, 81, first colored appointee
to the Chicago Public Library Board
and formerly an Illinois Assistant
Attorney General, died yesterday
He was general manager and counsel
of the Chicago Defender, Negro
newspaper, from 1925 to 1885.
Evening star., 1946-05-08

place, Bethesda,
Md, and was en-
route home from
Florida when he
became i'll and
was taken to the
Virginia Medical
College Hospital
in Richmond.
A native of
Dunbridge, Ohio,
DR.. Jones came
to the District
in 1900 and four
years later was
graduated from
George WASH
ington Univer-
eifIt AGAlsaal cA
Evening star., 1946-05-08
New Buses Due in Fall

The Alexandria, Barcroft g. Wash
ington Transit Co. announced to-
day that delivery of 40 new buses
will begin this fall In March the
company received 20 of its original
order for 60 buses which will cost
S760,0OO,
Evening star., 1946-05-08
DpathB
WILkERsoN. ALICE REYNoLps. {

W!LKERsoN. ALICE REYNoLDsi O. O.
Tnesday; n.e DAY MAJ Nay 2, l946. ALICE REYNOLDS M
Knapp and Hollis j. Wilkerson Also sur.
viving are four grandchildren. Remains
Chaplin st. NV. until 70 am. wednesday
May 8. Services and interment Covington,
Tasos AhsEEF AHREFr F. wsos 2n TSs'as' 5ssS
St and sen sSases %on Of tss
at at the above residence on THURSDAY, May
Most Blessed Sacrament, where the holy
"a iaerince Of the mass viii be offered at
terment Bonnie Brae Cemetery, Baltimore,
WOOD, MATTE LEE. On Monday, May
s, 1916, at her residence, 1924 Ord st.
Of Mrs Roy L. Dial Of Washineton D. G;
Mrs; Jesse Lee Terrell OF washington, D.
G.; Mrs: F: L. Belyeu of Atlanta, Ga: Mrs.
3uinton Haynes Of Atlanta. Ga: sister Of
Services at Chambers: Funeral Home. 400
1870 pm. Interment Arlington National
Cemetery. 8
WOOD. MATTE LEE. The officers and
- menDeEs mfiaa Huxi|isrS IF Gen; M Nelson 4
ssa.. ". Y. are sa reauested ed to a assemble
y :fS: It the Chambers Funeral Home,
&1rtSsss.tGSy L 4UU CDapln ST. n.W on Wed
S&-.LH nesday, May &, 1916, at 7:3O
PM to conduct services for our
late sister, MATTE LEE WOOD. BY
order Of
HELEN N. MUSSELMAN, President.
BEULAH M. COPE, Secretary.
ZAZANIS, SOPHIA. On Monday. May
g., 1916. at Emergency Hospital, SOPHIA
AALANIS Of 1341 Tuckerman ST. NV, the
beloved mother OF Emmanuel D. Zazanis,
Mitchell D. Zazanis Mrs. James Eco
nomedes and Mrs. George Zevgolia. Re-
mains resting at the above residence until
Wednesday, May 8, at 1870 pm Services
at st. Sophia Greek Orthodox Church,
sth and SITS. NV, at . pm. Interment
Chambers.
Evening star., 1946-05-08
Richm, nd Pastor to Speak

The 1tev. j. Blanton Belk, pastor
of st. Giles Presbyterian Church,
Richmond, will speak at a meeting
of the Woman's Auxiliary of Po-
tomac Presbytery at 8:15 pm. to-
morrow at the Bethesda Presby.
terian Church.
Evening star., 1946-05-08
Dr.. Samuel A. Jones,
Specialist in Crop
Statistics, Is Dead

DR.. Samuel A. Jones, 72, Agricul-
ture Department specialist in crop
statistics, died yesterday at Rich
mond, Va. He lived at 56l1 Oak
Evening star., 1946-05-08

FUNERAL DIRECTORS.
Evening star., 1946-11-15
Republican Powers
By Rayn, ond Moley

Control of both Houses Of Congress
will give to Republicans three great
constitutional powers which they have
not held for l6 years The first Is
control Of the purse. The second Is the
power to prepare legislation for consid-
Grafton Of the President. The third Is
fairly unrestricted authority to In
vestigate. OF these, the most important
is control Of the purse.
The Presidents budget will now be-
come merely series Of proposals, with
out real authority for the first time In
IA years. It no longer win have the
status Of q national financial program.
It will merely be a correlation Of the
many requests Of many executive de-
partments. The real budget, which will
take final form In appropriations and
tax legislation, must be made In Con-
gress.
The principle behind the executive
budget is excellent. Under the Wilson
administration, a number Of experts
set up plan for presidential budget,
with the established practices Of the
6ElllSH BOvGIL 641a VI Ne cSSSAd -
American States and cities as models.
The first budget bill was vetoed by
President Wilson because OF ccnstitu-
tional objection. The act now opera-
tive was passed in 1921 and, under Gen.
Charles q. Dawes as director Of the
system, It got an imposing and effective
start In the frst year Of the Harding
administration.
The principles laid down by Gen.
Dawes were sound and practical. As he
interpreted his power and as he was
sustained by President Warren @. Hard
ing, he was only nominAlly an ofacer Of
the Treasury Department. His real
authority came from the President and,
In the role Of the Presidents agent, he
was able TO talk turkey" to cabinet
members and all others seeking appro-
pristions. he WAS III eifect, ciiancei-
lor Of the exchequer. Unfortunately,
there has never since been budget
director with the force, vision and alt-
Evening star., 1946-11-15
KindIinq for Winter

After the countryman tears the
eleventh sheet from the big feed and
hardware calendar that hangs be-
tween the windows in the kitchen he
knows that it is time to think OF
kindling for winter. There are vary
ing opinions and PHILOSOPHERS about
this important matter. That is the
way it should be in q democracy
where every mans opinion Is worth
as much as his peers. Some men.
claim that dry bark is the best ma
terial for starting the fire in the
kitchen stove on a cold winters
morning; some prefer slab wood cut
into small pieces.
One does not wish to be too arbi-
trary. There are. usually two sides
to every question though the other
mans always has points of peculiar
weakness. But the fact is that MOTH
ing equals the small -diametered dry
limbs Of pine branches. Dry pine Isl
resinous and quick catching. II
throws q full-bodied intense heat
for few moments while the sticks
of maple, oak, hickory and beech are
catching. When the red mark In the
thermometer is hanging around the
zero level on q midwipter morning, q
man wants to get good fire going
quickly in the polished. nickel-trim-
med big kitchen range.
There Is something peculiarly sat
isfying about driving IN the old
rattlely farm wagon to the pine lot
on November day. Whether 1 gray
day or sunny It Is peaceful and quiet
in the grove. There Is heady brac-s
ing tang In the air The dry dead
branches on the lower part of the
Evening star., 1946-11-15
Is Your Heart Content?

The time has come for Washing
ton and its neighboring communities
to face the stark and depressing fact
that the Community Chest Fedora
tion campaign is threatened with
failure.
With only week remaining, con-
tributions up to today total only
b9.l7 per cent of the minimum goal
OF $4,20o,000 deemed necessary to
carry on the vital welfare activities
OF the 125 agencies depending on
the federation for financial support.
Failure of the drive would mean far
more than the abstraction OF un-
balanced institutional budgets; its
effects would have dark implications
Tor many of the old and young who
are the worthy beneficiaries OF the
agencies.
Chest officials attribute the serious
lag in the campaign to widespread
tendency of contributors to be con-
tent with a nominal" or token"
gift to the Chest. There are, they
say, too many small donations from
citizens able to give more.
What each person gives is. Of
course, a matter between him and
his conscience. There is no reason
for a contributor to apologize for
giving ten cents week or $500 a
year If he knows, deep in his heart,
that, in truth, he can afford to give
no more. That ten cents week,
divided among 125 agencies, means
. tiny fraction Of q cent to each
agency t$.00Os, to beexact). A 20
eent-a-week subscription, OF $lo.4o
q year, means $.0ols a week for each
agency.
The emergency which threatens
the Chest Is 30 serious that 1t would
be well for every giyer-and espe-
eially those whose donations amount
to but asfraction Of q cent . week
for each Of the las Chest organiza-
tions-to examine his conscience, to
ask himself whether he has really
given as much as he can afford. The
chances are that If every one paused
for this bit Of soul-searching intro
spection before making up his mind
on the amount of his gift, there
would be no doubt as to the
overwhelming success Of the l946
campaign.
Evening star., 1946-11-15
On the Record
By Dorothy Thombson

Writing from Augsburg, Germany,
Mrs Anne O'Hare Mccormick in the
New York Times OF November de-
scribed the situation of German de-
portees pouring into Germany from
Czechoslovakia and Hungary, now at
the "tapered-off rate" Of to 10 thou
sand per week She said, 'If Bayarian
figures are typical. immigration amounts
to over nth Of the population, or the
equivalent Of 80 million added to the
population Of the U. s. A. In less than
q year.
They come, Of course, into country
with no economy at all, whose cities are
ruined. whose native residents are,
homeless. whose population is hungry
and unemployed. assA .s.4ss s.,s "
IT Allied statesmen had imagined
? 80 they couldn't have assumed 10
casually the moral and historic re-
sponsihility for the most inhuman de-.
cision ever made by governments dedi-
Gated to the defense Of human rights"
She adds, The new settlers are bit-
terly homesick. They are also more
radical than the native Germans and
are expected to increase the strength
Of the Communists.
II Allied statesmen had imagined
. sn
Say. rather, II the statesmen Of the
west had imagined. For the Russian
leaders. who are possessed Of foresight,
imagined very well the results Of Pots-
dam.
Since Molotov's speech Of last July s,
Soviet aims are clear and Soviet poll
cies support those aims. .sThe spirit of
revenge is a poor counselor. - Ger
many is an important link in the world
economy - It would be incorrect to
adopt course of Germany's annihila-
ton as State, or that of its agrariani-
zation. Our purpose is to trans
form Germany into Communist state,
with its own industry and trade, but
deprived of economic and military po-
tentials to rise again as an aggressive
force against the Soviet Union. :"
Molotov said democratic and peace
loving state" but In the Communist
dictionary those words mean Communist.
The Soviets admit no "bourgeoisie" or
social-democratic state as either.
When Molotov says aggressive force,
he means against the Soviets who only
regarded Germany as aggressor when
Russia was attacked.
The Soviets do not want divided
Germany, or q Germany federated with
Western Europe, or q neutralized Ger
many. All these possibilities, including
the last, they have rejected. They want
Evening star., 1946-11-15

Germany added to the industrial, tech
nological, scientific and military poten-
tial OF the Soviet Union. They are in
different about Italy or France. The
only European country the Russians
respect Is Germany. The only military
force they have ever admired was the
Wehrmacht. They do not want to see
that Wehrmacht revived, but they would
be happy for the support Of, say, 80
divisions, commanded. for all they care,
by PruSsian officers. They want
Germany of much smaller population,
and so welcome famine in the western
zones. Wreck and rule, or wreck In
order to rule. Is Communist tactic.
In Sovietizing Germany, however,
they need the unconscious collabora-
ton OF the. western powers, and they
are getting It. Mr.. Byrnes could rush
to Stuttgart To Offset Molotoy,s bid with
contemporaries, but the United States
cannot fulfiH those promises. Nor have
they been implemented. We cannot re-
vive the German economy and deliver
reparations. We cannot reunite Ger
many, for the lost territories are at
the command Of Russia We cannot
produce order and avert hunger with
AAAAAAscAAo "a 0SPoA eSSo PoAAA skOS 4AAeO
the Russian, but the western zones.
%44&
The leading German radar scientist
lives in the British zone In handsome
villa, commutes to work in his labora-
tory and plant IN the Russian zone
which is operating on full scale and
with the same stan as it did for the
Nazis. He receives salary 10 times
that paid to any one in our zone He
told my informant, "I care for nothingI
but German science and its preserva-
ton. The Russians know its value, and
the value Of Germany" He Is mem
ber Of the Communist Party-since the
collapse.
Not only negatively, but actively, we
assist the communication process.
Gault MacGowan, reporting from Ber-
lin In the New York Sun, November 6,
said Gen. Mcclure, chief Of information
services in the American zone, has Just
handed over the DANA, sort of Ger
man Associated Press) to cooperative
Of Al newspapers. The license to head
the chain has been given to DR.. Ru-
dolph Agricola, acting chairman of the
Publishers Committee, and editor Of the
Heidelberg Rhine-E DR.. Agricola is
not q professional journalist, but for
mer school teacher, member Of the Com
munist Party since 1888, and Communist
candidate for the Wuerttemberg Landtag.
IF only they imagined"
released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc.)
Evening star., 1946-11-15

thority enjoyed for short year by Gen.
Dawes.
Under President Roosevelt and Sec
retary Morgenthau, the budget director
was, after the short tenure of Lewis
Douglas, cabined and confined under
the Treasury. Gradually, the power
seeking Secretary Of the Treasury re-
duced the budget director to little
more than Treasury clerk. Secretary
Morgenthau became the real director
or the budget. The vision Of those
who set up the plans for budget sys-
tenn was ignored, and an important
institution was smothered in childhood.
And SO the making Of next years
budget must really begin after the
President submits his budget In Janu-
ary. Fortunately, under the La Fol-.
lette-M -Monroney Reorganization Act, Con-
gress viii be vastly better equipped for
the task than ever before. There will
be provision for expert services. And
the new heads of the big fiscal commit
tees will be experienced legislators.
We have never attained the simplicity:
and responsibility Of the British budget
system upon which ours was patterned.
Under the bi-party system which will
now prevail, the difference will be still
more apparent. With q sizable Repub-
hcan majority In the House. it Is not
likely that any measure proposed by
House committees can be upset on the
floor. The course taken by the Senate
will not be quite so certain, Tor time
will show that several of the new Re-
publican Senators will be dificult to
control. Moreover. the majorities are
not great enough to override the Presi-
dents veto. The rule win Be COM
promise and conservation-a cut here
and 3 cut there.
q But even under these conditions. D
balanced budget Is quite attainable.
unless further foreign troubles make
for greater military spending and unless
4 rush Tor tax reductions cuts Federal
income below the danger mark. These
contingencies will severely test Repub-
/ lican stateSmanship.
s1lslssssd ~ ths Assoeisied NsvspapsFs Ias.l
Evening star., 1946-11-15

strategic aggrandizement Of the Soviet
Union through its tentacles in every
European and many Western Hemi-
sphere countries.
Lending additional emphasis to the
delicate character OF the Spanish situa-
tion is the recent Communist victory in
Frances election OF q National Assem-
bly,. The Communists still do not con-
troll the government and must coalesce
with other fragments Of the French
political sphere In order to organize q
new regime to succeed that Of Georges
Bidault. But they are definitely In q,
commanding position to influence
French action not only In the u, N.
and the Council Of foreign Ministers,
but In many other phases OF interna-
tional life,
A Communist Spain. as well as a
Communist-infiuenced France could
well challenge the present delicate
balance between east and west in the
councils of world statesmen. That is
ioned to incite civil strife In the Iberian
Peninsula.
What this country does want-in con-
JuAiSbtOIl Will oEitdlu AIlQ OtllEf WeSL~
ern democracies lis an evolutionary
process in Spain which will force Gen.
Franco to come to democratic way Of
life through popular elections and sub
mission Of the fate Of his regime to the
viii Of the Spanish people.
A democratic Spanish government
which Is created through popular will
may be expected to take responsible
role In the affairs OF the world, unfet-
tered by slavish devotion to the Com
munist cause. It could be expected, be-
cause OF the predominant Catholic
character OF its people, to bolster the
cause OF the western denocracies not
only within Spain itself but in world
affairs. 1t would also prevent Soviet
Russia from acquiring powerful
strategic position at the point where
the Mediterranean joins the Atlantic.
What may be expected is an effort
by the American delegation In the u. N.
to take the danger out a present
proposals for action on the Spanish
issue by advancing proposals for q
pacific approach to Gen. Franco to
prepare his government for full menu
bership In the society of nations by
guaranteeing free popular elections and
the inclusion in his government of op-
position parties. It appears that Gen.
Franco already is preparing for elec-
tions in the lower levels OF government.
These must be extended upward to In
clude the highest government positions.
Evening star., 1946-11-15
This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

The campaign to do something about
Franco Spain spearheaded as 1t Is by
the Soviet bloc In the y. N. and sup.
ported by Secretary General Trygve Lie
and other highly responsible elements
is giving Washington policy makers more
than few headaches.
The American delegation at the y. N.
General Assembly is making no
change In standing American policy
with respect to Spain, position which
was taken when the question OF expel-
ling 0eneralissimo Francisco Franco
first arose. This policy is simply to do
nothing which would plunge the Iberian
Peninsula into fresh civil war while
urging the Spanish people themselves
70 turn their government into channels
Of democracy by peaceful pressure.
The advocates Of drastic action In
the y. N. are, Of course, those who have
thrived-and continue to thriye--on civil
confiict. The Communist bloc is no
less eager TO join violent battle than
were the pioneer Communists In
Russia. They prosper best by fishing
in troubled waters.
The opponents Of drastic action IN
the q. N. are those who look now to
stable peace throughout the world and
rear that civil war anywhere, particu-
iarly IN Spain, might provide the test
Ing ground for q new war. just as Spain
was the testing ground for World War RI,
What American policy makers fear
with respect to Spain is the possibility
that new Republican army will arise
70 challenge the rule Of Gen. Franco
and VIII recruit the same kind OF Conn
munist help which came to the Loyal
lists In the 1885 to 1899 civil war and
which In the end dominated the Loyal-
ist forces, alternating from the Loyaiists
many who might have supported them
but refused to swallow Communist
domination.
A Communist-dominated Spanish re-
volt against Franco Ii successful would
establish the Communists In q strategic
point with respect TO control OF the
Mediterranean and the Atlantic sea
lanes. Communist Spain could be ex-
pected to serve Russian foreign policy
as assiduously as do Communist Yugo-
slavia, Communist Bulgaria, Communist
Poland and all the rest of the Soviet
satellites.
It Is impossible for the American Gov
ernment ever to lose sight of this
strategic situation, no matter how de-
termined We may be TO get along with
the Russians. It Is not necessary for
one to be Communist batter or Conn
munist hater to become alarmed at the