davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Taft's Voting Record
BY Jay g. Haden

A few days ago Senator Robert A. Taft
OF Ohio arose to oppose the bill proposing
to pay $4,000 100000 in terminal leave"
to already discharged GIs. He began:
II am opposed to this bill because
feel 1t Is an utterly unjustifiable expend-
lture OF huge sum of money"
And then. after citing that mastering
out pay. of $500 previously had been vot-
ed to enlisted men precisely for the pur-
pose of offsetting terminal leave paid to
officers, he continued;
Now 1t Is said that because, by mis-
take-and so far as I am concerned it
certainly was mistake to give muster
ing out pay to lieutenants and captains
who also had terminal leave pay-be-
cause, by mistake, 100000 men perhaps
received something more than they were
entitled to, now we must give it to H.
100000 other men at a cost of So 900 ,O00,-
0O0."
TAFT said much more in the same
line, but with scant effect on votes. Only
III Senators joined with him in voting for
an amendment, offered by Senator Ball,
Republican, of Minnesota which would
have required the eX-soldiers to subtract
mastering -out pay already received from
their prospective claims for terminal
leave pay. Sixty-seven Senators-45
Democrats and % Republicans-opposed
the amendment and the bill thereafter
went through by voice vote.
The incident Is cited here to illustrate
the quality in Senator Taft that, more
than any other characteristic, makes
him the most praised and lambasted
single individual In the now expiring
10th Congress.
He unquestionably is a candidate for
the Republican presidential nomination
in 1s48. Probably no man in Ameri-
can life is more intensely ambitious for
political advancement Certainly he
covets votes
But you can search his record in vain
for single instance where he has
ducked or lodged or trimmed his sails
to win votes or avoid losing them. To
the contrary, Taft is unique in his SEEM
ingly total disregard for political con-
sequences when it comes to determin-
ing his course on any legislative pro-
posal.
In the instance Just cited, he stepped
sauarsly out against tho supposed de-
Evening star., 1946-08-02

sire OF IL 900 900 soldier voters. and this
quite uselesSly, because he knew, as
everybody else did, that the bill would
pass anyhow.
Similarly, many of Taft's Republican
colleagues thought he was needlessly
hurting his own prospects when he
Jumped in to oppose the emergency
legislation asked by President Truman
to end the railroad and coal strikes.
Taft said that the proposal to draft
strikers into the Army was unconstitu-
tlonal because it called for involuntary
servitude" He succeeded in eliminat-
ing that provision.
Not that Taft's advisers thought this
position was wrong, but they said he
had no chance to win back union labor
support and the effect of his stand
therefore was merely to antagonize his
conservative following.
Taft was almost wholly responsible
for bucking up congressional opposition
to price control, to the point where the
majority of both houses dared to stand
their ground substantially after Presi-
dent Truman vetoed the first emascu-
lated OPA extension bill.
He provided most of the detail, effort
and punch that drove the Case bill, de-
signed to restrict labor union practices,
to the point of another presidential veiu
and which, fundamentally, later accom-
plished piecemeal enactment of the
Hobbs anti-labor racketeering provision.
Earlier he mainly dictated the rewrit-
ing of the so-called full employment
bill" into the form that finally passed
into law.
Taft was the runner-up to Willkie
for the Republican presidential nomi-
nation in 1910, but thereafter his for
tunes seem to slump. He preferred to
concentrate on reelection to the Sem
ate in 1914 and barely scraped through.
There is strong consensus among
Washington political observers, how
ever, that latterly Taft has been stag
ing comeback The word is being
passed around especially that If the
Republicans win control of the House
or Senate this year-and even more so
II they carry both OF them-Taft, as the
chief Republican architect on domestic
policies, is the man to watch.
North American Newspaper Alianes.)
Evening star., 1946-08-02
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brozcu

The Big -Four are reliably reported to
have decided to place the Free Territory
OF Trieste under the control of Ameri-
can, British, Russian and French troops
until the United Nations is able to as
sumo its responsibility to govern the
area and to police it.
The plans, which are ready to be sub
mitted for the approval Of the Paris
Conference, are said to be patterned
after those which have been adopted by
the four powers for the occupation of
Berlin. Each individual military unit
in the Trieste area will be responsible
for specific section while the head
quarters of the four military command
ers will be established in the city itself.
Although the division of Berlin into
four Allied zones has proved unsatis-
factory and has caused a good deal of
friction between the troops of occupa-
tion, there seems to have been no other
way out but to adopt the same system
at Trieste.
AS soon as the Military Staff Com
mittee of the Security Council has COM
pleted its work and can present
formal recommendation regarding the
establishment of the U. N. military
force, the commanders of the Big -Four
police units will hand over their duties
to the representative of the world Or
ganization. When this occurs, it is
probable that units belonging to nations
which are not permanently represented
on the Security Council will assume the
duty Of policing the new Free Territory.
Plans are afoot for the creation of
representative assembly of the Triesti-
nos and 1t is hoped that elections will
take place before the end of the year.
x Y y
In spite of these preparations. which
are expected to put an end to the ten
sion which has existed in the area for
several months and at times threatened
to involve American and British troops
In shooting conflict with troops Of
Yugoslavia, there still are some misgiv-
lngs among diplomats about the inflam-
mable potential Of the Trieste question.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Letters to The Star
Asks Explanation of Negro Quota
In United States Army

To the Editor OF The Star:
Men and women of intelligence and
vision are puzzled by the recent an
nouncement of War Department order
halting further enlistment OF Negro
youths into all ''but scarce categories"
in the United States Army.
l say these men and women are puz-
zled because they regard merit and fit
ness as the sole determinants in any
situation where individuals or whole
groups of people seek advancement, in
or out of military life These men and
women never consider setting up QUO
tas" based on the proportion a given
segment of the population bears to the
total. All they are interested in is find
ing those who can perform a job as
signment with maximum skill and re-
sourcefulness-letting the opportunities
for performance fall on whatever race
color, or creed they may.
In the War Department announce
ment, grave concern" is implied in fact
that the enlistment of Negro youths is
now per cent over the quota" fixed
by the department - meaning that
since the total Negro population of the
country is 10 per cent of the whole, the
enlistment of youths of the race should
be held down to a 10 per cent quota :"
If the War Department is really inter-
ested in maintaining an efficient nu-
cleus for military machine, it should
apply the old rule Of merit and fitness
without such irrelevant factors as race
color or creed cumming up the machine
with trial-and-error experiments" AS
1t is now, the departments quota sys-
tenn stacks males and females of un-
der and over military ages, racial ORR
gins, and creeds against the youths of
a lone part of our population whose
military fitness and national loyalties
have not been seriously questioned at
any time.
Long ago, this whole matter of 40
per cent. quotas for Negroes" turned up
as being silly business We don't give
them 10 per cent of the jobs (top,
middle-grade and low-paying) in
branches Of private industry, or in
branches Of Government. So, why apply
the 10 per cent rule to Negro youths in
the United States Army-one OF the
branches of our Nations military estab-
llshment' DUTTON FERGUSON.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

Sober, remote. incorruptible: lacking
wholly the demagogue's facile art: diff
cult and often stubborn, as earnest men
are, Charles de Gaulle is not finished
ngure unless-What he himself sees as
poSslble-Europe is a finished culture
He has always been that great and
irritating thing: A man with mission.
His first mission was to save France
His first words, spoken from London
after Frances disastrous defeat, were
France has lost battle She has not
lost war"
Now, on Sunday last, speaking from
the banks of the Meuse, whose, waters
have so often been bloodied by European
strife, he said in effect: Europe has
lost battle; she has not yet lost a
war
But the abyss that yaWns before
Europe is no less awful than that which
opened in 1910, before France. And by
his speech, Gen. de Gaulle described
his present mission: That Europe,
broken and bleeding, should not be-
come the battle-ground of the two
uniquely titanic powers that have
stepped into their day in history as the
result of what he called, with deep his
torical accuracy, the Thirty Years
War"
In quoting De Tocoueville's prophecy
OF 100 years ago, which predicted the
shift of world power away from the
then ascendant European states to the
great compleXes of Russia and the
United States. and described with for
midable insight the characteristics of
hnt fnL,
basically unchanged since then, Gen.
de Gaulle, with the lucidity of his race.
argued from this leading fact, central
to all other facts, and. above all, central
to the German question
For Gen. de Gaulle knows, and said.
that Germany of herself will not again
be able to threaten Europe and lay it
open to the interventions of the new
and stronger non-European powers. But
he saw that Germany, "a great people,
mass installed in the heart of Eu-
rope, that even at the bottom of the
abyss recalls the SUBMITS" may one
day be tempted ito test whether for
tune might permit it to regain it's great
ness by combining its ambition with
that Of some one else"
This possibility certainly occurred to
Gen. de Gaulle long before Mr. Molotov
startled the world by his open overtures
to German nationalism. Gen de Gaulle.
having a philosophical and historical
sense, does not need to have facts"
rubbed under his nose He knows that
nations do not easily pass out of history,
and that where there are conflicts of
interest between other, greater powers,
there is always the chance of riding in
the war chariot of one of them, and even
the possibility of ending in the drivers
seat.
Gen. de Gaulle proposeS to prevent the
Evening star., 1946-08-02

reunification Of Germany In a central
lzed national state which by sheer force
OF numbers and geographical position
still would be the key position in shat
tered Europe and which by reason of
such unchanging factors and humilia-
tlon eventually striving for assuagement,
might tempt or be tempted by one or
the other of the two dominant world
powers.
But there is more In Gen. de Gaulle's
proposals, implicit in his whole argu-
ment. German reuniflcation in a CEN
traliZed national state must be prevented
III order to achieve European unification
including the separate Germanic states,
and thus restore the equilibrium of har-
monlous power now disastrously out of
balance and careening toward yet an
other test of force.
Thus, when Gen. de Gaulle speaks of
'lnternationalizing' the Ruhr. he means
Europeanizing the Ruhr, for he saws
that such a measure "for that great ar
senal' is not ito deprive the German
people of what they need, but to divide
among them and the neighboring ma
t1ons the coal that is required for the
economic life of all" Neither Russia nor
the United States are neighboring states
OF the Ruhr nor dependent on its re-
sources for their economic life or their
security. All Western Europe is.
\ X X
Gen. de Gaulles speech was an ap-
peal to Europe, whose dilemma was stat
ed with logical precision He asked the
right questions. which is the only way
to find right answers.
Who, then, can re-establish the
equilibrium, If not the old world. be-
tween the two new ones? Old Europe,
during SO many centuries the guide of
the universe, Is in a position to con-
stltute, in the heart of world that
tends to divide itself into two the
necessary element of compensation and
understanding"
Can We deny that the world is not
only tending, but rushing, and in the
atomic age, to divide itself disastrously
into two, or that the basic cause of
that division is the vacuum of Europe
INTO which both are being drawn?
Europe thus must rebuild herself In
balanced strength not only for the sake
OF Europe but for world peace.
Gen. de Gaulle's speech is. I think
the most lucid, considered, and accu-
rate analysis made since the war. 1t
may be that he, who hardly can have
entered history so decisively in order
SO soon to depart from it, weighs the
possibility of leading a new movement
transcending European national lines,
and appealing to the memory of
Eulope's greatest spirits-Dante, Kant.
Holderlin, Mazzini, Voltaire, Schiller.
Rolland-to create the overdue Confed-
Grafton OF Europe, and through it re-
claim the peace that today is all but
lost.
Evening star., 1946-08-02

The Italians are not satisfied with
the solution reached by the Big -Four
But outside of protesting. there is
nothing they can do about 1t. The
italian government IS now more aware
than ever that a defeated nation has
no rights but only responsibilities. This
has been driven home to the Italian
leaders by the Big Four in no uncertain
terms Whatever secret hints may have
been given to the italian government
in 1943 that at the final reckoning
Italy's cobelligerency would be taken
in consideration have now been forgot
ten. The Rome government may lodge
emphatic protests about the territorial
conditions imposed in the peace draft,
but 1t can do nothing more
The same situation does not apply to
Yugoslavia, however. And Marshal Tito
also is said to be dissatisfied with the
Big -Four settlement. He demanded that
Trieste be handed over to Yugoslavia
outright and has given clear indica-
tions on several occasions that he may
take the matter in his own hands if a
solution satisfactory to himself is not
reached.
FOR the time being he is reported to
have adopted, on advice from his
sponsors, an attitude of watchful wait
Ing. He expects to fulfill his ambitions
legally According to some experts who
are following developments in Belgrade
closely, Tito hopes that the new as
sembly which the people of the new
Free State will elect will be composed
OF individuals thoroughly in sympathy
with the Yugoslav aims.
This assembly may pass a formal
resolution demanding that the Free
State be incorporated into Yugoslavia.
Such an action was taken by the
fathers of the Free City of Danzig
when Hitler was strong enough to sup
port them. This precedent may be re-
peated in the case of the Trieste Ter
ritory. There is a sufficiently strong
Yugoslav army facing the present Nor
gan Line to support the wishes of the
sovereign people of Trieste.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Improving Our Diplomacy

III pdSSlIlS lGSlSldLlOI IdlSlIlS 1Ul -
eign-service pay, revising retirement
privileges and otherwise reorganiz-
ing the diplomatic service, Congress
has given proper recognition to a
branch of the Government that has
been too long neglected in matters
of remuneration, promotion. train
ing and other personnel benefits.
That the service has suffered by rea-
son of this neglect goes without say
ing. Yet the burdens placed upon
the members of the foreign service
are many and varied and often of
critical Importance to the State De-
partment and the Nation.
One of the things that has ham
pered the State Department in it's
efforts to maintain the prestige of
the whole Foreign Service Corps has
been the inadequate salaries paid for
the high quality of public service
expected of the corps. The last
raise which Congress granted our
amba ssadors and ministers was in
1855. 1t has virtually been impos-
Sible for our diplomats to live within
the maximum salaries of $17,5O0 for
ambassadors and $4,000 for min
listers which have prevailed in the
past. AS result, many exceptionally
well qualified men without inde-
pendent means have been compelled
to turn down offers of key diplo-
matte posts abroad. 1t has been said
that only rich men could afford to
accept the more important appoint
ments. The new top salaries of
$25, 1000 for ambassadors and $4,000
for ministers and the increased pay
scale for lower officers should help
to make diplomacy more attractive
as a career and thus improve the
caliber OF applicants for the service.
Another reform calculated to bet
ter the organization provides for
earlier retirement of officers whose
usefulness has been impaired by age
or other causes. Mandatory retire
ment at sixty instead of siXty-five
and retirement of officers who have
failed of promotion over a fixed
period are included in the measure.
Even more important Is the estab-
lishment of the Foreign Service In
stitute for the training OF members
of the foreign service staff in the
delicate and complicated ways of
diplomacy This school will not, of
course, turn out seasoned diplomats,
but it will indoctrinate foreign ,serv-
Ice officers in the traditions and
obligations of type of work in
which one seemingly small mistake
can have serious international re-
percussions.
AS means of encouraging deyel-
opment OF the career idea, a Foreign
Service Officers Corps will be created
somewhat along military lines in
sofar as promotion and transfer to
the regular service are concerned
Ihls corps will be made up of spe-
cialists who, after serving four years.
Will be eligible to become permanent
foreign service officers. A Foreign
Service Staff Corps, composed of ad
mlnistrative personnel, also will be
set up. All of these improvements
constitute much-needed reorgan-
lzatlon OF Americas diplomatic serv-
Ice designed to enable it better to
measure up to the tremendous re-
sponsibilities devolving upon it in an
era of growing nternationalism.
Evening star., 1946-08-02

shortage that will be an important
limiting factor on production by the
end of the year This means, he said,
that business probably will have to
recruit back into the labor force
large numbers of persons who have
voluntarily given up their jobs since
VI day, and also pay for large
amounts of overtime in order to
meet production schedules.
In brief, to the confusion of the
pessimists, the national economy is
getting into high gear Before too
much longer it may even be pos
slble to buy white shirt or an auto
mobile.
Evening star., 1946-08-02

ined with enthusiasm by anthro-
biologists.
1t is for ethnographists, however,
that the present work in downtown
London is likely to have most attrac-
ton. Specializing in the develop
ment of increased knowledge of the
basic cultures Of mankind, they will
watch for any find which serves to
strengthen their belief in the essen
tial unity of the species and the
reality of its slow but steady progress
upward from barbarism.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Whot Might Be
From the Ottawa Journal.

From the Ottawa Journal
This country and this whole conti-
nent should presently be enjoying a
boom, with work snd wages and high
earnings tending toward increase In
the national income and making for
removal, OF the heavy taxation which Is
hurting everybody. Instead, widespread
and long continued labor strife Is deny
ing all Of us, including labor and In
dustry, the gain of an unprecedented
prosperity right within our reach. Man
does seem to have an inexhaustible
capacity for resisting wisdom.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
August

August is meadow
Filled Nth ripened hay;
August is q tired child
Dro1Dsy from his play.
August is deWy morning
Gro,Ging dry too soon.
August Is a stubble field
In the heat OF noon.
August is q cricket
Churring tn the toheat;'
August Is a loDe moon.
Golden-eyed, discreet.
HELEN ROWLAND PROMMEL
Evening star., 1946-08-02

Praise for Lynching Editorial
To the Editor of The Star:
Quoting from your sympathetically
expressed editorial in The Sunday Star,
July %, you have said a thing that
should find response in the heart of
every decent, right-thinking human in
the whole Nation: ''It is inconceivable
that the men guilty of the wanton
murder OF four Georgia Negroes should
not be apprehended and made to pay
the penalty for a crime q. as vicious
as anything attributed to Hitler's
Gestapo"
Gov. Arnall deserves high praise for
his fearless efforts to stamp out the
mounting flames of pathological preju-
dice lighted by the lowest whites in the
country who initial themselves xxx
and in offering generous reward to
encourage one who should need no en-
couragement to come forward and
speak the name of the traitor to hu-
manity.
Robert Lewis Stevenson wrote: "That
man is coward, who remains silent
when word might right cause" and
the Bible points an even sterner. truth
He that saveth his life shall lose it,"
II the South continues to deny Justice
and humanity to its Negroes, it will find
itself one day ostracized from all seats
and circles of learning, where right
principles in human relationship are
heliayad IN, onJ Jafaplad
ISOBEL GREGORY DEXTER.
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Primitive Orioin
the Boston Globe.

From the Boston Globe.
Told OF their coming independence,
Koreans threw stones This sort of thing
Is responsible, in later years, for the
Independence Day custom of ball games
between married men and bachelors, v
Evening star., 1946-08-02
Quest for a Home
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
We left the beautiful and exciting
District in February of this year after
living there five years.
I cannot mention all the ways I have
missed 1t, yet I must say your paper is
certainly one of the most important.
had imagined that would be more
content in small town, be able to find
place to live and everything would be
rosy. We did find place to live as long
as my husband worked for the owner Of
the house, but when he quit to enter
business for himself, out we went.
We advertised, searched every nook
and Granny with no luck of course. I
was beginning to think we would have
to pack our three children in a trailer
as last resort. What actually hap
pened, on the week before eviction, was
that my husband bought a contractors
house, 15x30 feet long. We sold and
stored some OF Our worldly goods, moved
the house to a lot We bought and
moved in
OF course, the lot lacked electricity,
water and sewerage. After much beg
ging, coaxing and worrying the right
people we acquired these conveniences.
We. have lot of plans and the house
has lot of possibilities Since my hus-
band isn't veteran and cannot build,
we consider ourselves lucky to find our
home, be 1t ever so humble.
MRS. LOWRY CARTER.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
TAYLOR. ROE
THERMOM METERS

Accurate. cosy 10 reod
Thermometers for keep
ing the body tempero-
ture checked, thereby
worning of time 10 coll
your physicion.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
! |:

Prices noy vary slightly in Maryland and Virginia
Stores on few items which ore under stote Con-
toet Laws Right reserved to limit quantities.
Evening star., 1946-01-27

Atomizers old in OPP
plying nasal prepora-
tions and sore throat
remedies by sproyins
q thin vopor into the
effected oreos. Keep
one on hand.
Evening star., 1946-01-27

Let the wintry winds blow
.. as long as you have
this fine lotion to protect
your face and hands! AS a
powder base, it forms a
protective covering over the
skin. Once-a-year special
that is double-value. Buy
yours now!
Evening star., 1946-01-27

Dairy-fresh, creamy cara
mels with a rich buttery
taste. Each piece is indiv-
ually wrapped in cellophane
to protects its freshness.
Evening star., 1946-01-27

B r g n t e n S teeth
quickly, pleasantly,
safely a clear,
pleasant liquid dem
thrice aids in
protecting teeth be-
cause it contains no
abraSives. Regular
usage aids in reveal
ing sparkling beauty
of your teeth.