davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
RUSSIAN CANIPAYGN-IsA'

To return to the Russian cam
paign, II may be noted that the
Russians had decided to await
the German offensive instead If
launching one OF their own as
they had in 1912. In July, 1913
the Germans began a strong
drive against Kursk.
The Russians took O~e! No
4 and Kharkov Aug. %. TIE
naval fortr IS o. NovoroseIs.
was in Russian hands by Sept
ember 10, and by September IS
entered Smolensk, biggest CEN
ter on the direct route to Mos
COW used by Hitler as his east
ern headquarters in the cam
paign Of '41-42. BY Novembe'
l the Russians had cut off the
large German forces In the C-'-
mea, leaving only a sea escape
route. A German counter-o
fensive failed, and by January
the Russians had driven the
Germans from the positions
they had held around Lenin-
grad since 1941. The Russiane
buried $1,000 German soldiers
and took 1000 prisoners after
trapping ten divisions around
Korsun inside the Dnieper bend
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

truth seems to be that as Jobs
multiply with the progress Of
recovering industry to the
production of civilian goods the
scale of wages win be much less
than IN war plants and will be
simply a establishments Of the
usual run Of jobs with pay at
nearly pre-war standards. And
even after factories are going
ahead at full blast after being
re-ocled ami refttad there prob
ably will not be enough jobs
for all who will want work. In
that ventuality Is the colored
worker to face the reassertion
Of the old rule Of last to be
hired" or. vii he stand an equal
footing with others? A state
FEPC will help his chances.
Unemployment is already
causing concern among the COL
ored group. A grocer complains
that too many customers are
asking for credit. A real estate
dealer states that many are al
ready out Of work and they
don't know what to do. A tailor
who comes in contact with a
large number f persns because
of his several activities in and
out of his shop says: One great
trouble with war industry work
ers IS that they think they have
learned a trade-welding, for
instance - because they did
welding for the Government.
But they were confined to only
one phase of welding; take
them off that and they are lost:
they ade not welders. It's the
same way in other war work.
War workers did not and could
not under the circumstances
master trades" Another keen
observer stated that peNple are
looking for the so-caled better
jobs and are passing up the
ordinary jobs now to be had,
which means that there are
jobs begging for workers.
Proprietor H M Evans OF Ev-
ans Employment Bureau, est
Shawmut ave backed up state
ments about available jobs by
displaying long list Of Jobs
ready for both women and men.
"Jobs for women are plentiful.
My listings show a considerable
number of positions for men
and the office could get more If
men would apply" Mr. Evans
added.
Perhaps 1t is true that work
ers are choosv. but that does mt
mean that they don't want to
wo-'l.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
ANY JOBS TODAY !?
Workers Shun Available Work

What about the job situation
in Boston? 1t is generally
agreed by expert observers that
by early Spring the number of
the country'S unemployed will
have run up to several millions.
Boston vii contribute its quota
OF men out Of work. The return
of service men and women al
ready adds to the ranks of the
IobleSS, partly because following
their war experience they nat
urally feel that they can in
dulge in a prolonged period of
relaxation. Few would question
their right to do so. At any rate.
men and women who were re-
moved from civilian life by the
war will need some time to re-
adjust themselves. Those who
now contemplate working are
on the lookout for "better
grade" jobs, and hope that such
jobs are available and among
some there seems to be a
vague belief that better grade"
jobs should be provided them in
return for the sacrifices the
veterans have made.
Reconversion from war pro-
duction to peacetime production
has necessarily thrown many
out Of employment. They were
drawing high wages and they
Save false visions of high pay
in peacetime work while the
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
HISTORY OF
WORLD WAR II.

hharkoY and the Donetz Bag n
were taken, Leningrad surround
co, Moscow seriously threatened.
The United States and Britain
sent huge quantities Of war ma
terials, and when a pro-Germar
Shah threatened to obstruct
shipments to Russia through
Persia, British and Russian
troops entered the country and
took steys which led to the
Shah's abdication.
ATLANTIC CHARTER
AUGUST, 1871
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill held the first
of their meetings in August,
1871, and signed and published
the Atlantic Charter containing
the famous Four Freedoms.
PEARL HARBOR- DEC. Z, 1871
On December Z, even while
her ervoys were negotiating IN
Washington, Japan struck the
American naval base at Pearl
Harbor, catching the greater
part Of the United States Pacific
fleet at It's moo ings. The sir
raid put most of the Pacific
battleShips out of action and
enraged the American people.
On the some day the Japane2e
attacked the Philippines and
Hong Kong. Declaration Of war
against Japan came from the
United States, Great Britain
and Holland December 8. Four
days later both Germany and
Italy declared war on the United
States.
PHILIPPINES INVADED DEC, IL
The Japanese invaded the
Philippines December IL and on
the same day sank the British
apprenticeship Prince of Wales
and battle-cruiser Repulse. They
were sunk when they ventCrcl
into the Gulf Oh Siam without
fighter escort. The Japanese
then had naval supremacy in
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
continued
GREECE, YUGoSLAVIA
EAwW aaaa

GREECE, YUGoSLAvIA
FALL-1941
italy had been checked, but
ne Germans, aided by air bases
n Roumania and Bulgaria, at
lacked Greece April 6, lc41,
pushing through Albania, which
under Prince Paul had capitul-
ated to Hitler's demands but la
ter resisted unssuccessfully after
a popular uprising had set up .
var government. The British
had sent an xDeiitionary force
from Gen. Wavell'S army, but It
was defeated through lack of air
strength and was evacuated with
considerable loss. The garri-
son at Crete suffered the same
fate, and only half the forces
we're evacuated, again at a SER
ious cost to the British fleet.
Success against the Italians
i? Eritrea and Abysinnia was re-
versed when the Germans sert
& large tank force into Libya.
The British army was driven
back to the Egyptian frontier
though a garrison was left to
defend Tobruk. The Germans
sent out the battleship BIS
marck as a commerce raider,
which sank the British battle
cruiser Hood, but was later sunk
by the British fleet.
GERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIA
JUNE, 1941
Sea defeat emphasized Ger
many's need to use her land and
air power, and at dawn on June
%, 1941. German forces, joined
5v Firms, Hurgarians Roumah-
ians an1 later Italians attacked
Russia on a front Of more than
1000 miles. The Baltic states,
Eastern Poland, and BeSserabia
were wrenched away from Sta
lin in gigantic battles. Kiov,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
NEW GEORGIA. TAKEN

American troops landed On
New GEORGIA in midsummer and
the Australian campaign for
Guinea r'as difficult and costly.
It took two months to conquer
New Georgia ard almost an
equal time to clear the adjoin-
ing islands. Salamaua and Lac,
chief targets Of the New Guinea
advance, did not fall to the All
stralians until mid-September.
Meantime Allied forces had re-
taken Kirka on August IS, and
between November 20 and "a
American marines took Tarav'a
and the Maxim Islands.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
DESERT VICTORY
NOVEMBER 1912

In October, the situation look
ed as black as ever, but with
a new American tank, the Gen
eral Sherman, which could
knock out the Mark w, Gen
eral Sir Harold Alexander, the
new commander in chief, and
General Bernard Montgomery,
commanding the Eighth Army,
led the British on the swift
drive bach to victory, totally de-
feating the Axis armies Novem-
Der 2. American and British
armies landed in Morocco and
Algiers November 8, beginning
the African campaign which
was a prelude to the invasions
Of Sicily, italy and France in
the months to come.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

Men nov IN the Army who re-
enlist before February I will
be YeenIisted in their present
grade. Men honorGbly dis
charged can reenlist within 20
days sitter discharge in the
grade they held at the time Of
discharge, provided they re-
enlist before February I, 1915.
There's long list of attractive
reenlistment privileges in the
new Armed Forces Voluntary
Recruitment Act of l94S. The
ability to keep your present
grade is only one Of them, but
this privilege expires on
January 81.
There are plenty of other
reasons why many thousands
of men have enlisted, and more
thousands are enlisting every
day. You'll certainly want TO
know all of the opportunities
open to you. If you'll read
them carefully, you'll know
why a job in the new peace
time Regular Army is being
regarded today as "The Best
Job in the World"
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE


The Russian counter offensive
which saved Stalingrad was
launched about November 10. In
2 drives towards Rostov, the
SoyietS forced the Germans to
evacuate the Caucasus, and on
March 3 and u, 1943 routed the
two German armies threaten
ing Moscow. Russians regained
Kharkov and the Donetz Basin
that winter, only to be dis
lodged by the Germans whose
rail supply lines were more de-
pendable than the bemired Rus
sian roads.
BY January %, 1913, the Brit
ish occupied the city of Tripoli,
having chased Ronmel and the
italians 1850 miles in IS days.
Initial opposition of the French
navy to the Allied landings at
Algiers was silenced, and later
Aumlral Darlan played a lead
ing part in bringing the French
forces TO the Allied side.
Immediately following the Al
lied landings in Africa, Hitler
occupied the remaining part of
France in direct violation of the
1910 armistice and sent a large
German force by air and sea to
TuniSia, winning a race against
an advanced Allied force push
ing across the Algerian border
by the grace of a local French
commander.
Following conference Of
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill, at Casa
blanaca January IA, 1943, wher
the two powers agreed that they
would fight until an uncondi-
tional surrender of the Axis ma
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
I944-FIRST JAP
TERRITORY TAKEN

In February, 1914, the first
japanese territory was invaded
at Kwajalein in the MarshaIls,
giving an air-base for bombing
Truk, the greatest Of the Kika-
dos Pacific bases. United States
Marines landed on Saipan, june
Is, the same day that Super
fortresses based in China made
raid on Japanese home islands
Saipan is now an air base and
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
ITALY SURRENDERS,
SEPTEMBER. I943

Such popular demonstrations
diScredited Mussolini, and on
July "a, 1913. the Fascist Grand
Council raised a resolution ask
ing the King to assume com
mand of Italian forces. MuSso-
lini resigned and was placed
under arrest. Marshal Badoglio
became head Of the government,
diSsolving the Fascist party,
and although pledging support
to the Axis entered secret ne
gotiations with the Allies.
The italian armistice by
which the italian forces sur
rendered Internationally and
were to assist everywhere In
handing over the soil they oc-
cupied g italian occupation was
published September 8 when the
British Eighth Army landed on
the toe of the italian boot. On
September 8 the Fifth Army,
half American, half British
landed at Salerno gay pndor
the command Of Gen. Mark
Clark in one Of the coStliest in
vasions Of the Allied force to a
narrow strip near the beach,
but the Eighth Army Joined the
Fifth Army September II, and
within two weeks an offensive
launched from Salerno.
The winter rains held up the
Italian campaign, and the Ger
mans entrenched themselves
across the narrow part of the
peninsula, with two-thirds OF
the country still in its posses
sion. Mussolini was rescued bv
German aircraft. The Allied
invasion at Anzio January %,
1914, was reinforced by warships
but could not advance inland
because of strong enemy opposi-
ton unit! the main advance of
the armies relieved 1t four
months later.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
HIcHLIGHTs OF THE NEW
ENLISTMENT PROGRAM

HIcHLIGHTs OF THE NEW
ENLISTMENT PROGRAM
1. Enlistments for ia, or 3 years,
N-year enlistments permitted for men
now in Army with months servies.)
2. Enlistment age from II to "a years
inclusive, except for men now in Army,
who may reeniist at any age.
3. MenresnIisting retain present grades,
il they reenIist within 40 days after
discharge and before February 1, 1876.
4. The best pay scale, medical care,
food, quarters and clothing in Army
history.
S. An increase IN the rssniiStmsnt
bonus to $50 for each year Of active
service since such bonus was last paid,
or since last entry into service.
s. Up to 90 days paid furloush, de-
pending on length Of service, with fur
Tough travel paid to home and return,
for men now in Army who enlist.
7. A 3o-day furlough every year at full
pay.
8. Mustering-out pay Chased upon
length of service) to all men who are
discharged to Teenlist.
g. Option to retire at half pay for life
after 20 years service in :reasing to
thres-quarters pay after 80 years ser
vice. Ali previous aetive federal mill
tary service counts toward retirement.
10. Benefits under the CT Bill Of
Rights.
II. Family allowances for the term Of
enlistment for dependents Of men who
enlist before July 1, 1916.
II. Opportunity to learn one or more
Of 400 skiiis and trades.
IS. Choice Of branch Of service and
overseas thsater in the Air, Ground or
Service Forces on Swear enlistments.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
THE ]. ]. TAYLOR
VOLUNTEER UNIT
80 Cabot st.
(By Edna G. TaylOr)

Thank you, MEG. 1890. Your
wonderful donation was received
with many, many thanks. God
has been very kind to the or
ganizer Of this Unit. If you do
right you will come out right
with the help of the Almighty.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

in February, and in April ca =
quered the whole Crimean pen
inSula except Ssvastopol which
fell May 9.
These Pussian advances were
made possible only by their abil-
ity to maintain their supply
through the use of thousands
of motor vehicles shipped tn
them from the United States
and Britain over the long anc
dangerous convoy route to Muir
mansk. Gsrman DattleshipS IT,
pitt and Schornhorst, threats to
Allied conveys, were destroyed by
the British - the Tirpitz dis
abled By carrier-based aircraft
in September, lS43, ana til p
Schornhost by TIE British Navy
December 90 Of that year.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
GERMANS GAIN IN AFRICA

Fighting in Africa se3sawed
with brief British advances un
der Gen. Wavell. and later by
Gen. Auchinleck, but Rormel,
with his superior Mark " tarEs
drove the British back to Egypt.
took Tobruk and reached El
Alamein. the last position be-
fore Alexandria, where the Brit
ish held.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

tons. Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hover was appointed supreme
Allied commander in North At
RIGA with Gen. Alexander to di-
rect operations in the field. The
Germans bad built a large army
in TuniSia and were holding
line from Mareth to the Tripo-
li-Tunis frontier. The British
Eighth Army defeated Rommel,
chasing him from both the
Mareth line and the line sue
ceeding it. Romruel retired to
Europe, and the joint United
States, British and French
forces harried Gen. Arnim's two
German armies until Tunis and
Bizerte both fell May Z and
within a week the entire Axis
force in Africa more than
250,060 men - and all their
material were made prisoners.
SICILY INYASION-JULY, 1s43
In July, 1943, the Allied forces
invaded Sicily, having first cap
tured the small fortress-isIand
of Pantelleria. Two thousand
vessels, including large numbers
of landing craft, some OF which
had come directly from the
United States and Great Britain,
took part in the operation. The
American Seventh Army and the
British Eighth, supported by
Canadian division, drove the
Germans andsItaiians out Of
Sicily in 3S days, and IL days
later invaded Italy.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
BATTLE OF BISMARCK
SEA-l943

In the Pacific, the tides had
turned for the Allies since the
Coral Sea battle in May, 1879.
The japanese Navy was again
routed in early March, 1913. in
the Battle of the Bismarck Sea,
losing 10 warships, IL transports,
102 aircraft and $4,000 men I'M
der the mighty Flows Of the u
S. Pacific fleet.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
THE SICK

THE SICK
Members are asked to try and
visit our sick who are: Mrs.
Catherine Bell, 855 Columbus
avenue; Mrs. Callie Thompson,
812 fremont street; Mrs. Ra-
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
BOMBS RAIN ON GERMANY

Round the clock bombing uf
German industrial cities, with
the American fortresses making
precision daylight attacks. and
the Raj conducting heavy night
raids, took their toll Of the en-
emy'S war-making abilities such
as Hamburg, Essen, Cologne and
Berlin. The first daylight raid
on the German capital was car
ried out on March q, 1914.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
VETERANS
WORD WAR II

e. male or femafe who have
served ar resst 30 days and who
were honorabiy discharged. We
will gladly help you to obtain a
guaranteed home loan under the
G. !. Bill Of Rights. Consult us
for information or advice without
any obligation to you.
e. q. ROUNDTREE
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19
SYMPATHY

SYMPATHY
Goes to Howard McIlvaine on
the death of his father, Mr..
John McIllvaine and also to the
ether bcreaved relatives. Mr..
McIllvaine was a beloved mem
GER of the community and will
De greatly missed.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

Nurse Josephine J. Taylor was
with Dr.. John Hall when the
stitches were removed from Mr..
John McIllvaine's eye and she
looked in on him at different
times to see if there was any
thing she loud do. Nurse Tay-
lor was on duty at the funeral
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

the Pacific and employed it with
great vigor against American,
British and Dutch possessions
there. Hong Kong, Malaga,
Singapore, the Dutch East In
dies, the Philippines, the rest Of
Borneo, the Andamans, and Bur
ma fell before the Japanese, as
The Allies lacked sufficient air
power to defend them adequate
ly. In early May the Japanese
had their first reverse in the
Battle c. the Coral Sea, a Sc
cond in The Battle of Midway 4
month later. On August Z, 1912,
American forces landed on Qua
dalcansl
U-BoATS ATTACK
SHIPPING-I942
German U-Boat activity in
creased and extended into the
Gulf of Mexico end the Carib-
bean Sea, so that a blackout
was introduced in the Eastern
port cities to reduce Sky-glow
and hc;p reduce the growing
number Of submarine sinkings.
Shipping tolls mounted all thrr
1912 and the United States
Navy and the British Fleet did
not succeed in beginning to ma
ster the under-sea raiders until
l943.
While Germany was mass
producing submarines, the Al
lies were mass producing bomb
ers and began air raids on Ger
man industrial cities and trans
pOrtation centers.
Brief Soviet gains that win
ter were lost In the spring with
the taking Of Sevastopol and
the Crimea by the Germans in
May, 1912,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

chael Thomas, 81 Warwick
street.
Welcome home to our boys.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

Help others and we help
ourselves" is the Units motto
and we try to carry it out.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

The Advance Class will re-
ceive their certificates the Sec
ond week in February. Mrs.
Willie Gordon at that time will
present IA students with their
certificates.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

All who have taken their
First Aid Course within three
years can take up the advance
course. But you must know your
standard course first.
The next Advance Course
Class will be held at this Unit
around the middle of May, 1946.
Your Home Hygiene will be
taken at 554 Columbus avenue.
First Aid is also taught there
by Mrs. Willie Gordon.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1946-01-19

Ia AddRioH 10 Food, Lodging,
Clothes end MsdissI Care
4
(s)-Plus 20To Increase for
Service Overseas. (b)-Plus
s0% il Member Of Flying
Crews, Paraehutist, etc. (e)
Plus So Increase in Pay
for Each 3Yesrs Of Service.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-26

cOpuisb,. 1916. KiEz r.stwa synde'ts. Inc
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-26

"Tt Is remarkable to what lengths the human
being will 90 to avoid thought"
It's easier TO follow the crowd; to wear what
they're wearin' and think what they're thinkin
and there are fashions in thought, as in hair-dos
'I Liberalism" Is the fashion nova fashion OF
vague idealisn revived after $50 years-and how
few of US trouble to define the word The ETY.
noloeists tell us 1t Is derived from Liber, the
ancient god of wine, and means "a state Of loose
ness and intoxication-"
~ E THAT as II may-and today's liberals are
X at the opposite pole from those Of the days
of Gladstone-it has become the vogue TO
consider Capitalism kaput and the world In
which we lived until now as an inferno OF chaos'
cruelty. privilege and starvation.
Try to tell the callow young man that 1t was
a pretty good and comfortable world-certainly
better and more comfortable than that In which
we're residing currenty-and he'll sniff with
anger and contempt It's not what they're
wearin'"
II YOU remember that old world nostalgicaIy'
and would like a restoration Of its order and
dignity and individual liberty. you're reaction
ary." And, of course. we don't know what that
means, either.
A "reactionary" Is anyone wishing TO return
TO previous state or condition.
A man who ran into burning barn. and
wanted to run out again, would be "reactonary.
The tiniest bit of thought and research would
copyrish,. 1916. Knz T.s,yd Syndicate. Inc