davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-21
High Authority Failed
In Capital and Hawaii,
Too, Dissenters Find

Following are the conclusions of
"fact and responsibility" summed
up in the minority report Of Sena-
tors Ferguson of Michigan and
Brewster of Maine, both .Repubn-
cans:
!. The course of diplomatic nego-
tiations with Japan during the
months preceding December z, 1S41,
indicated a growing tension with
Japan, and after November 26, the
immediate imminence OF war.
2. BY November 7, 1941, President
Roosevelt and his cabinet had
reached the unanimous conclusion
that war tension had reached such
a point as to convince them that
"the people would back us up in case
we struck at Japan down there Tin
the Far EasD." They then took
under consideration what the tao
tics would be-" Unless Japan yield
ed to diplomatic representations
on the part of the United States,
there were three choices on tactics
before the President and the cab
met; they could wait until Japan
attacked; they could strike without
q ,declartion of war by Congress; OF
the President could lay the issue OF
peace or war before Congress.
Waited for First Shot.
3. So imminent was war on No
vember Is that the President, in 9
conference with Secretary Hull
Secretary Knox, Secretary Slim
son, Gen. Marshall and Admira
Stark, brought up the event tina
Evening star., 1946-07-21
PeorI Horbor Majority Report
Calls Winds Code Unimportunt

The much-discussed japanese
Winds" message which provided
one of the chief controversies of
the Pearl Harbor investigation, is
given little Importance in the re-
port Of the committee majority.
The majority concluded that no
genuine winds message was received
by the War or Navy Departments
before December 7, and that even if
one had come in "it would have
added nothing to what was already
known concerning the critical char
acter of our relations with the En-
pire eeof Japan"
1t was established that the jap
anese had a code by which they
were to include false weather re-
ports in Tokyo news broadcasts to
notify their agents in distant lands
Of q break in relations with another
major power. 1t was to be used only
II other means Of communication
had failed.
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Pearl Hurbor
Continued From First Page.)

characteristic duplicity, were carry
ing on the pretense OF negotiations
with the Government Of the United
States with a view to an amicable
settlement of differences in the Pa
cific.
20. The ultimate responsibility for
the attack and its results rests upon
Japan, an attack that was well
planned and skillfully executed.
Contributing to the effectiveness of
the attack was a powerful striking
force, much more powerful than it
had been thought the Japanese were
able to employ in single tactical
venture at such distance and under
such circumstances.
49, The diplomatic policies and
actions of the United States pro-
vided no justif1able provocation
whatever for the attack by Japan
on this Nation. The Secretary of
State fully informed both the War
and Navy Departments of diplo-
matte developments and, in a timely
and forceful manner clearly pointed
out to these departments that rela-
tions between the United States and
Japan had passed beyond the state
of diplomacy and were in the hands
of the military.
Not Coerced Into Attack.
-. The committee has found no
evidence to support the charges,
made before and during the hear
ings, that the President, the Sec
retary Of State, the Secretary Of
Evening star., 1946-07-21

that Congress appropriate to both
services, $23.818,319,897: that the
Congress actually made available
$24, ,943, ,987 1923. Mr.. Keefe concluded
that Congress gave the services more
than the President had recon-
mended.
This investigation has not
brought to light all the facts about
Pearl Harbor," Mr.. Keefe con-
cluded. I'VE have been denied
much vital information. Mr.. Stim-
son did not answer certain impor-
tant interrogations, which, in con-
sideration OF the state of his health,
were submitted to him In writing.
He has also denied to the committee
his diary entries for the days De-
cember to December 6, 1941. These
were significantly omitted from his
written statement. Mr.. Hull's health
permitted only a brief appearance
before us and no examination by
the minority members of the COM
mittee, ."
Evening star., 1946-07-21

and Navy commanders in Hawaii
failed to coordinate and integrate
their combined facilities for defense
in the crucial days between Novem-
Der ~ and December 7, l941. While
they had been able over a period
Of time to conceive admirable plans
for the defense of the Hawaiian
coastal frontier consistent with the
system Of mutual cooperation, when
the time came for the implement
tation Of these plans they remained
hollow and empty contracts that
we're never executed. the ubiq-
uitous tendency to let George do it,
to assume the other fellow will take
care of the situation, Is an insep-
arabic part of command by mutual
cooperation. ."
Along the same line, the report
continues:
1.-The completely ineffective liaison
between the Army and Navy in
Hawaii at a time when the fullest
exchange of intelligence was alb
solutely imperative dictates that
military and naval intelligence, par
ticularly must be consolidated. Tho
extraordinary anomalous situation
of the one hand not knowing what
the other hand knew or was doing
should never be permitted to exist
again."
Unity Of Command Discussed.
In Washington, the committee
points out, the question Of estab-
fishing unity Of command at out
posts was under discussion all
through the year 194l. No decision
was reached, however, the report
points out, until 'the barrier Of
departmental prerogative had been
severely jolted by the Pearl Harbor
disaster"
A few days after the Japanese
attack, the report shows, unity of
command was assigned to the Navy
at Hawaii, and to the Army in
Panama. These unified commands
are still in effect, and in the occupa-
tion of Japan, Gen. Macarthur has
overall command.
Likewise, a joint Army-Navy INTEL
ligence co-ordinating agency was set
up during hostilities and Is still
operating, but an essential feature
Of the Congressional Committees
recommendation Is. not only that
intelligence be unified, but that this
branch OF the service be accorded
the importance 1t deserves.
Evening star., 1946-07-21
KimmeI Refuses Comment
On Congressional Findings

BRONXVILLE, N. Y, July 20 (P)-
Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel,
Navy commander at Pearl Harbor at
the time of the Japanese attack,
said today he had seen the congress-
lonal committees report on the
disaster but had no comment. He
added that he might make a state
ment later.
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Pearl HarborReport
Clears Him Of Blame,
Gen. Short Declares
BY the Associoted Press

DALLAS, July 20-Lt. Gen. WAL
ter c. Short, Army commander at
Pearl Harbor when the Japanese
attacked, said here today the Pearl
Harbor report fully absolved me
from any blame and / believe such
will be the verdict Of history"
LAS 1 have stated BEFORE" he
said in a prepared statement, my
conscience Is clear"
He said a fair and impartial trial
which "is the right of every Ameri-
can" had been denied him for four
years. ...i
Quotes Keefe Defense.
Further, he said, quoted Repre-
sentative Keefe, Republican, Of
Wisconsin, "Kimmel and Short
(nad been maneuveredD into the
position of exclusive blame"
His full statement says:
"It Is the right of every American
to have fair and impartial trial.
This was denied me for four years.
At long last I was given an oppor-
tunity to present my side of the
controversy before the highest tri-
bunal in America-American public
opinion.
"The majority report of the in
vestigating committee rejected the
finding of 'dereliction Of duty by
the Roberts Commission but did
find the Hawaiian commanders
guilty Of an error in Judgment
Asserts Department Failed.
This finding was made in spite
of their statement that the war
plans division of the War Depart
ment failed to discharge its direct
responsibility to advise Short that
he had not properly alerted his
command. Short had reported
"alerted against sabotage"
Representative Keefe in his
statement of additional views said,
High civilian and military ofiicials
in Washington after the attack
skillfully maneuvered Kimmel and
Short into the position of exclusive
blame
"The majority members of the
investigation committee are en-
J titled to their point Of view but
, am satisfied that the testimony pre-
sented at the hearings fully alb
, solved me from any blame and 7
believe such will be the verdict Of
history. AS I have stated before,
nv conscience Is clear"
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Gen. Gerow Is Silent,
Awaits Official Report
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

FORT LEAVENWORTH, Kans.,
July 90 Maj. Gen. Leonard r.
Gerow, former head of the War
Plans Division of the War Depart
ment, said today he had no comment
on q Senate-House investigating
committee minority report placing
on him a share of the blame for
Pearl Harbor.
Maj. Henry Triesler, public rela-
tions officer at the fort, said Gen.
Gerow might comment later after hs
has read the official reports.
Gen. Gerow is commanding gen.
|eral Of the fort and commandant Of
the Command and Staff College.
Evening star., 1946-07-21

We were likely to be attacked per-
haps (as soon as) next Monday"
December u; and the members Of
the conference discussed the ques-
ton How we should maneuver
them (the Japanese) into the posi-
ton of firing the first shot without
allowing too much danger to our
selves"
4. Having considered without agree
ing upon the proposition that mes
sage on the war situation should be
sent to Congress, the President and
the Secretary of State, the Secretary
OF War and the Secretary of the
Navy, pursued from November Is to
December Z the tactics of waiting
for the firing of "the first shot" by
the japanese.
S. The appropriate high authori-
ties in Washington had the organ
ization for working in such close
corporation during the days imme-
diately prior to the Japanese at
tack on December that they had
every opportunity to make sure that
identical and precise instructions
warranted by the imminence of war
went to the Hawaiian commanders.
8. Through the Army and Navy
Intelligence Services extensive in
formation was secured respecting
Japanese war plans and designs, by
intercepted and decoded japanese
secret messages, which indicated the
growing danger of war and increas-
ingly after November 26 the immi-
nence of a japanese attack.
Highest Authorities Informed.
7. Army and Navy information
which indicated growing imminence
of war was delivered to the highest
authorities in charge of national
preparedness for meeting an attack,
among others, the President, the
Secretaries of State, War, and Navy,
and the Chief of Staff and the Chief
Of Naval Operations.
8. Judging by the military and
naval history OF Japan, high author
tiles in Washington and the COM
r1anders in Hawaii had good
grounds for expecting that in start
ing war the Japanese government
would make surprise attack on the
United States.
9. Neither the diplomatic nego-
tiations nor the intercepts and other
information respecting Japanese de-
signs and operations in the hands of
the United States authorities war
ranted those authorities in exclud-
ing from defense measures or from
orders to the Hawaiian commanders
the probability of an attack on
Hawaii. On the contrary, there is
evidence to the effect that such an
attack was, in terms of strategy
necessary from the Japanese point
of view and in fact highly probable,
and that President Roosevelt was
taking the probability into account
before December 7.
Authorities Under Obligation.
10. The knowledge Of Japanese de-
signs and intentions in the hands
Of the President and the Secretary
Of State led them to the conclusion
at least 10 days before December
7 that an attack by Japan within a
few days was so highly probable as
to constitute certainty and, having
reached this conclusion, the Presi-
dent, as Commander In Chief OF the
Army and Navy, was under obliga-
tion to instruct the Secretary of War
and the Secretary of the Navy to
make sure that the outpost COM
manders put their armed forces on
an all-out alert for war.
III, The decision of the President
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Pearl Horbor Report
Fair, Stimson Says

HUNTINGTON, N. Y, July 20 LP1.
Secretary of War Henry l..
Stimson said tonight that he had
read the reports issued by the con-
gressional Pearl Harbor committee
and that he regarded the majority
findings as "a very fair report"
II have no further comment to
make" the retired cabinet member
said at his home here.
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Terrorist Funds Seized

WARSAW, July 10 delayed (P.
"A government spokesman said to-
day that secret police had seized
and handed over to the National
Bank of Poland nearly $500, 900 sent
from abroad to terrorist banks in
Poland.
Evening star., 1946-07-21

nleQ B. separate
opinion to stress
his belief the
blame for not
for e seeing the
attack should be
more equally di-
vided between
Washington and
Hawaii.
Mr.. Keefe said
he found him.
self in agree
ment with most"
of the conclu-
sions and recon-
mendations in
Evening star., 1946-07-21
Keefe With Majority,
But Sees More Blame
|AsDue Washington

Although Representative Keefe,
Republican, of Wisconsin signed the
majority report in the congressional
Pearl Harbor investigation, he also
Evening star., 1946-07-21

ADMIRAL HAROLD r. STARK. GEN. GEORGE C. MARSHALL.
-AP and Underwood Il Underwood Photos
The majority: The former Chief Naval Operations the
former Army Chief OF Stat discharged "o the best their
ablty the oueraH task OF supervising military posts every
Dhere including Ha,Ddii.
The minority: They among the sir military
officials tDho Jailed at the Washington end
Evening star., 1946-07-21

hECOMMENDA1l
BASED on the evidence in the
committees record, the following
recommendation are respectfully
submitted:
THAT immediate action be taken
to insure that unity of command is
imposed at all military and naval
outposts.
THAT there be a complete inte-
grafton of Army and Navy intelli-
gence agencies in order to avoid the
pitfalls of divided responsibility
which experience has made so
abundantly apparent; that upon
effecting a unified intelligence, off,
GERS be selected for intelligence
work who possess the background
penchant and capacity for such
work, and that they be maintained
in the work for an extended period
of time in order that they may
become stepped in the ramifications
and refinements of their field and
employ this reservoir OF knowledge
in evaluating material received
The assignment of an officer having
an aptitude for such work should
not impede his progress nor affect
his promotions. Efficient intelli-
gence services are just as essential
In time of peace as in war, and
this branch of our armed services
must always be accorded the i'm
portant role which it deserves.
That effective steps be taken to
insure that statutory Or other re-
strictions do not operate to the
benefit of an enemy or other forces
inimical to the Nations security
and to the handicap of our own
intelligence agencies. With this in
mind, the Congress should give seri-
Gus study to, among other things,
the Communications Act OF 1884; to
suspension in proper instances OF
the statute of limitations during
war Ct was impossible during the
war to prosecute violations relating
to the 'magic5 without giving the
secret to the enemy; to legislation
designed to prevent unauthorized
Evening star., 1946-07-21

which to inform those outpost COM
manders of impending danger, to
add new and urgent warning to the
indefinite warnings that had been
sent out during previous days and
weeks"
Cites Lack of Warning.
They assert that no further warm
ing went to the Hawaiian COM
manders until 1917 Sunday after
noon, when Gen. Marshall's message,
sent by commercial wires, arrived
after the attack had started.
Another complaint in the minor
ity report is that during the in
vestigation President Roosevelt's
secretary, Miss Grace Tully, was
permitted to determine for herself
and the committee and the country
what portions of the official CORE
spondence of the late President had
any relevancy to Pearl Harbor."
This could hardly be salts
factory substitute for the RESPONSE
bility placed upon this committee. /"
Provides Merger Argument,
While the committee does not
go to the extent of proposing or
discussing complete merger of the
armed forces. advocates of one de-
partment of national defense will
flnd potent arguments for their
cause in the report. Take this ex-
cerpt, for example:
The evidence adduced in the
course Of the various Pearl Harbor
investigations reveals the complete
inadequacy OF command by mutual
cooperation where decisive action
Is Of the essence. Both the Army
Evening star., 1946-02-26

The war Is over but the fight for
the four freedoms goes on. First
Of the freedoms for the average
man is freedom from want. Best
insurance for that is to buy and
hold United States Savings Bonds.
Evening star., 1946-02-26

British loan!" debated by Assistant Secretary
Of State Clayton. Senators Pepper and Johnson |
and Representative Dewey Short.
W0p. 9:30-WaIisr Brennan and June
loekhsrt In Blueprint for HappinsS"
WhA, 9:45-Normsn Thomas asks Doe,
America Need q New Political Partyl"
Evening star., 1946-02-26

on THE AIR TONIGHT.
M0p, 8:30-Hsrbert Mayhal and Robert
Young In The Enchanted Cottage"
WMAl, o:30-" "Pernieious Ansmla' dis.
eussed.
VOL, 9:30-"Whsi Should We Do About The
Evening star., 1946-02-26

WhAl, i0:00-eimaroa's Oboe Concerto"
and lbets "eseaIes" played.
Mop. fo:00-Betty Russell is guest vocalist.
W0p, iO:30-Rsprsseniative Wright Pat.
man discusses The Veterans Housing Sandal.
WI0P. i0:45-Robert R. Wason speaks on
LET'S Tackle Initiation While We csn."
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

Mrs. McArdle, and every other
housewife, has a tremendous oppor-
tuuity 10 to help herself. and the
rest of the world, by using less fats
and oils, getting the maximum good
out, of what she does use, and then
turning over fats that are no longer
fit for food to meat dealers Tor lOur
cents per pound. sss.s~Sss~s ~
In that way, fats and oils viii do
double-duty, first as food. and then
to make personal and household
goods such as laundry and bar soap,
paint, paper, fabrics, leather prod
uCts, and allow more equitable dis
tribution of fats and oils thu )ugh-
out the fat hungry world.
Ep1roR's Norr: AccomrsaVin1
sketches rerc tone 1U Jan Nctriic.
Nen York illustrator. If hfS tu0
sons. Who. he points ont, afe ALSO
lutelv no hep during spring house
cleaning season.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16
Cuba Is Learning

WAY. ao-.1e vi
sas..7S''l ~ -@'-s
a.. .. ''..--'@ e 7e.-'. -11-S-s.s7
r secs .5e1t5H MOI" '.0.. 1S9'~
tse ..as IKE ,.'.. .''A.'7
.s2-..- --.7 ~ -.' ,ss.'...sA -,
I'm. ,. .e.s. are o"-N--7 On ss.'-
.l- rs -.y.- @a-'. "'l'o-' Ct s'''iP
.0...-. .. "--s1. '.'-0 ''s1 '0S.s
.-a. ....' pay = a-="e- price, o.
ge ..-.- t.71'I "9 '-'ez a-e
.1A ...''...7 III s..'s ~""'''S. - 40,
....... -03"o'< no o''G ~"
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

for every person in the country.
, One pound Of salvased fat is
enough to make one large package
of graduated laundry soap. about
six bars Of laundry soap. u about
FIVE bars of toilet soap. During 1915
enough fat was salyaged and turned
over to meat dealers in this country
to make approximately half Of the
toilet bar soap all OF the laundry
bar soap, or about 25T Of the heavy
duty ~Yackaged laundry soaps, or
twice as much as vas needed TO
produce the fine fabric packaged
soaps.
, While the world shortage Of fats
and oils is reflected in this country
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16
China Fights On


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~'-s
P.'- -''e0
N"'0'' Us.
"'"
'o'Po9
"'i"'
'''PN'
wa ~ 1854
~ D"N
"',0"
u -
o"' " 'i'' "'N -'7'7
N ~
"~1N'i0Pi'o'' "'"N'-
- 'i''0|'
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16
NUMBER OF
SCALES INSPECTED

Raleigh, April IA total of %
$50 inspections were made by the
eight inspectors in the weights and
measures division of the State De-
partment of Agriculture during
March, c. D. Baucom, who is in
charge of this work, reports.
OF the $3.50 inspections made on
scales. 1889 were approved, 30+
condemned, IA confiscated. and SO
were released after adjustments had
been made. In the weights inspect
ed, 2846 Were approved and 38 were
confiscated. TWenty-four dry meas
ures we're inspected and approved.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

tperts' figures. it takes t23 pounds
of used cooking fat to make my
months supply of soap
Mrs. McArdle realizes that she
uses SOAP every day, and therefore
should save fat every day. For
where there is fat, there is soap,
and keeping the venetian blinds,
t~loorboards, mirrors, walls. linole-
ann, and windows of a seven room
house clean requires a lot OF soap.
Add to that the laundry OF ROBIN.
nge two, and John, 6 months. and
Quantities of soap become an abso-
bute necessity in this h~ousehold./
Waste Makes Soap\
- The Department Of Agriculture
has discovered that in the preWar
DAYS of plenty. 500, 000,o 600 pounds
of used fat annually We're thrown
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16
A Lift For Today

When Jesus therefore had receiv-
ed the vinegar, he said. 1t is finish
ed victory. New life was ahead
of Hlm-John 1890.
THE CRY OF JESUS was a shout
Of victory. New life was ahead of
Him, and it is for us because His
life and death made that possible,
and we are given power to follow in
His way.
Help us. o Lord. to say, ut is fin
ished' to all our sinful past. and to
look forward to the dawn of a new
day.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16
NO DECISION IN DEBATE.

GreenNille, April Bodybuilding
the affirmative side of the inter-
collegiate deOate topic. Resolved,
That the United States should direct
its foreign policy toward the estab-
llsnment OF Free Trade among the
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

the maintenance of minimum stan.
dards OF health.
( Reuse Fats
" Because food fats and industrial
fats are largely interchangeable,
American housewives are bcju.
asked by President Truman's Fam
inc Emergency Committee to use
and re-use all food fats, and then
after they have gotten the food
value of them, to turn in their used
fats for industrial useS. II
This will mean that industry will
not have to make as great demands
on the overall supply of available
fats and oils and that more food
fats can go to feed the starving.
Save Every Day y
The Famine Emergency Commit.
tee points out that a teaspoon OF
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

nations of the world. Edward Bright
OF ~ChoCoWinity, and Charles Long
of brownsville met a negative team
from Wake Forest in the new class
room bulldog of East Carolina
Teachers college on Friday evening,
Arrll Il. No decision was reached,
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

}down the drain.
IS 0 0, 0 00,0 0 0
pounds Of house
hold grease is
Ienough to make
80 bars of laun-
dry soap a year
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

\ New York department store is
now selling trucks. AT last they've
discovered a commodity which de-
IiVers itself.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

The Alice in Wonderland" manu-
script which once sold for S75.259
went for a mere $4,000 the other
DAY. Must be a condensed version.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

Texas has a tree-climbmg dog.
The cats Of the neighborhood, no
doubt, are planning to appeal to the
IN Security Council.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

1T takes 623 pounds of ~salvaged
fats per month to make a months
supply of soap for myself, my hus-
band and two youngsters figures
out Cali MCArdle, wife of New York
illustrator, Jay McArdle.
Ito keep the kids and the house
clean just normally-not counting
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

something like
spring house
takes
approximately S
bars of toilet
soap, 4 bars of
yellow soap and
4 boxes of pack
aged dry
soap eaCh month.
According to ex-
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

The man at the next desk says he
can remember when nickel cup of
coffee cost only a dime.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

of office space used in Manhattan
alone from 1927 through l943.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-16

soap or the by
products of soap
in their manu-
f~aCture, in other
countries there
is a dearth of
the food fats
Sary for