davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-23
Penal Institutions Control by Corrections Department

Wednesday Hebert bill creating De-
directly under the Of the District
this department the control OF penal
of Public Welfare The bill
ques the President to become law This lega
control Board Public Welfare
the welfare agencies and services
Pending this legislation the institutions Of
the District of Columbia undergoing substantial preliminary
ganizaon with the assistance from the Fede Bureau OF
studying specific Jail problems Ellis Overade
Prisons the local prison
appointed superintendent
institutions This appointment made the recommendation
Board of Public Welfare required existing is int
that Mr. Cemmer will continue permanently penal upernten
dent or will head the Department of Corrections.
Cemmr highly recommended of wide experience
with background which gives of successful administration
these institutions The unknown factor the solution of this problem
of the institutions is question what cooperation
be had from Congress- The chief difficulty confronted the solution Of
entirely
gate authorize appropriation of
quired funds.
Voteless Americans the Nations Capital have
little influence with which they not represented
conditions which
failure
authorize the appropriation funds absolutely
quired.
experience the the dagnosc
Joliet Pentenary applied the District institutions
helpful 1t understood he intends establish alcoholic
the vocational already
operation
Atlanta Federal Penntary where associate
said that with the
reform TO confessed aco
hoc their release these said to
drink.
Evening star., 1946-06-23
Civic Problems, Civic Bodies
Fiscal Plan Omits Important Factor;
Penal Reorganization Progress Made
By Jesse G. Suter

By Jesse c. Suter
Equitable Fiscal Relations Solution Oms One Factor
The Senate Committee Appropriations plan
Its C. subcommittee for equitable fiscal relations between
plan provides definite formula, applied annually determine the
s s s Of T M the p ysd
This plan embodied in the draft of bill by the
committee referred the Legislative
Columbia for favorable consideration.
and for each fiscal there shall appropriated out
ment detrayng
the by the United the Of on the
M m Day 5 s he sss S St
the Land by the States shown BY w the cords the
per fraction
Federal payment pro
the general fund highway fund and the water fund"
Section b explains that the term land owned by the United
States the the total number
u 5 the @ m Of M y
and alleys % any Of park
80 such land used exclusively by the
of the position of the committee their report
luOa has been oasonsd by the tremendous
in the by the During past
has been change in the amount Of the Federal
cannot expand when the purchases property
Of H coum and anno bee properly
The plan the has very % the
fails entirely include factor which should be taken into
national
organizations and institutions whose properties have
international
Their exemption by the United States results in material
depletion of the tax to the District of Columbia from such
property
The very fair and
the District Columbia
by the subcommittee takes cognzance
for its consequent loss of The
heading Privately Owned
Property specifically the holdings in the District by
foreign It oeooks entirely the valuable holdings Of
institutions which
category.
report property is follows
acquiring
In addition being the National
Of Columbia rapidly emerging the Capital OF
purchasing larger which have been the sources
nontaxabe status"
different
purchases land by the Federal Govern
only fair that when the Government OF the United
and national
taxation would naturally follow that
Columbia reimbursed by the United States for the
taxation
District real estate.
years ago made by the District
of the property the District OF Columbia exempted from
contained in the resulting
this property the tax rolls Such
vigorously contested most OF these holdings
continuation OF
indicates the
this portion of the fiscal equity problem
rghtful obligation
District Columbia
either
the District Columbia for its loss of property tax revenue
Federal add its to the Govern
which formula is based An amend
committee accomplish this additional
equity would be sound step in the right direction
Evening star., 1946-04-16
| Paid No Fee

hold no legal title to these fields.
NO deed OF ownership for purple peaks
That lift in n,atchless spendor to the
sky.
] paid no fee for rain-sDeet neado,ps'
s,Deep
OF tender green In spring-no streams
BY right OF deed-no trees. no stars. no
And yet my kingdom, reaches to the sea:
MY acres spread, unbroken. THROUGH
the land:
These Dalleys hold the btrthriqht that
Is mine:
Bequeathed in simple tes are massips
hills
And tuindsDept plains that rou n
mighty sweep
Beneath the azure ocean OF the skv.
My Kingdom springs from Him pho
draped the sky
With blue, and set the tides upon the
sea,
Who strung the milky tpdy beyond the
s1Deep
OF planets, suns and moons, and starred
the fields
With blossoms in the spring; pho carved
the heights
And crotuned the days spith sunsets th4t
ere mine.
EL1zABETH L sARNEA.
Evening star., 1946-04-16
Rupture Over Munchuriu

%hoAiouSl SIllIlCoc pUllIlCS dIc
subtle, often resembling an iceberg,
only small fraction of which is
visible above the surface of the
water Whereon it floats, the current
large-scale fighting that has broken
out in Manchuria, coupled with the
bellicose comment of leading Com
munist spokesman on the current
situation there, justify apprehension
that the hoped-for reconciliation of
the Communists and the central
government of the Kuomintang is
not coming to pass. The alternative
Is, OF course, resumption on an
intensified scale of the civil war
between the two leading Chinese
factions that has waxed or waned
but never ceased for upwards of
twenty years.
General Chou En-lai, head of the
Communist delegation in Chungking
and second in command of the Chi
nese Communist party, was nothing
II not fortnight in an interview
granted to foreign correspondents
last Sunday. He asserted categori-
cally that state of all-out hostili-
ties existed in Manchuria between
the Communist and Kuomintang
armies there, asserted that the Com
munlstS must share in the political
and military control of Manchuria,
and complained of American assist
ance IN transporting government
troops to the province, against which
he had already twice protested to
the American military authorities.
General Chou's attitude is SEEM
ingly not justified by the legalities OF
the situation. The disposition of
Manchuria was negotiated solely be-
tween the Chungking government
and Soviet Russia, the agreement
providing that the Russians should
evacuate the province and turn it
over to the Chungking authorities.
American assistance in promoting
the dispatch of government civilian
and military personnel was likewise
provided for under diplomatic agree
ment. What General Marshall had
apparently succeeded in effecting
during his stay at Chungking was a
sort of standstill agreement whereby
the Communist forces in Manchuria
should not be required to evacuate
the positions held by them before
the Russian evacua tion but that they
should not attempt to take over the
key points evacuated by the Rus
slams, which were to come under
government control.
1t now looks as though the Com
munists were violating at least the
spirit, If not the letter, OF the tenta-
tive understanding arrived at under
General Marshall's supervision. It
is we'll that the general is fastening
back to his Chungking post. His
arrival there may enable him to use
his undoubted prestige with both
sides to prevent breakdown which
could have the most tragic conse-
quences for China and for the world
at large.
Evening star., 1946-04-16
y This Changing World "
By Constantine Bro,pn

The situation in China is even worse
than 1t Is pictured in the meager reports
from American correspondents.
There is going to be life and death
struggle for possession Of Manchuria
and Northern China The forces under
Communist Gen. Chou En-lai are fight
ing the central government troops which
are supposed to take over from the Rus
slams.
The truce which was signed at Chung
king under the prodding of Gen. George
G. Marshall. President Truman's special
ambassador. does not cover Manchuria,
according to authorized sources. This
province, which was occupied by the
Russians after the collapse of Japanese
resistance, was to be surrendered to the
Chinese government on the withdrawal
Of the Red armies. There is only one
official government in China - that
headed by Generalissimo Chang Kai-
shek.
Because of difficulties of transporta-
ton the Chungking government asked
Moscow to delay the withdrawal of its
forces, scheduled for last November /, -,
until the regular Chinese armies could
arrive to take over the military and
civil administration of Manchuria,
which had been in the hands of the jap
anese for IA years.
X y
The truce arranged by Gen. Marshall
applied only to those sections of China
where the Communists had assumed
control while the war was still in prog
ress. 1t did not cover the areas under
temporary Russian occupation. Their
regime was regulated by the Sino-Rus-
sian treaty Of August, l945.
Generalissimo Chang rushed as MANY
troops as could be sent over the difficult
system of communications to take over
Manchuria from the Russians.
Meanwhile, Moscow assisted the Com
munists as much as it could without
openly appearing to break its treaty
with China. The Yenan forces were
encouraged to establish themselves be-
hind the Russian lines so that they could
move into the key Manchurian cities as
soon as the Red armies moved out.
The Nationalist armies, which were
Evening star., 1946-04-16
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

New York continues this wear the
great political prize for which the Re-
publicans and Democrats will contend
IN next November's elections. Much
hangs in the balance.
While Gov. Dewey has made no an
nouncement of his personal plans and
while he has great desire to re-er1ter
the private practice Of law he will be
a candidate to succeed himself. There
are several impelling reasons. In the
nrst place, he believes that the great
issue OF the day is a return to Re
publican rule-through the elections
f1rst OF 1916 and then of l948 When
ne was elected Governor in 1912, 1t was
ms ambition to make New York again
Republican State. He has not re-
llnqulshed that ambition. In the second
place. he has been highly honored by
the Republican party and he is not
likely to turn his back with a crucial
fight coming up.
In 1888 he was nominated by the Re-
publicans for Governor and was defeat
ed by mere 10000 votes. He was again
nominated four years later and won by
a huge plurality over the Democratic
and American Labor party candidates.
In 1914 he was nominated for President
and defeated. If he runs for Governor,
and 1t Is practically certain he will, he
Will create a precedent-he will be the
hrst defeated presidential candidate of
either Of the major political parties to
run for Governor of his State.
X ~
II Gov. Dewey has any further presi-
Dental aspirations. particularly for 194s,
he is keeping them strictly to himself.
Today, two years before the election of
delegates to the next Republican ma
tlonal convention, he is much in the
background when presidential nominee
is discussed. The Republican party has
never renominated defeated presi-
dental candidate. Today the talk is
all of Bricker and Taft, of the con-
servative wing of the party. and of
Stassen OF the progressive wing. 1t
may be wise to recall, however, that In
1912, the discussion about a Republican
candidate for 1914 was largely confined
to the late Wendell L. Willkie, and the
then Gov. Bricker Of Ohio. Yet when
the national convention met two years
later. Dewey was the choice of an over
whelming number of the delegates.
Should Dewey be reelected Governor of
the Empire State 1t would be a bold
prognostlcator who counted him entirely
out Of the 194S picture
On the Democratic side there Is much
at stake in the gubernatorial race.
Should Democrat defeat Dewey and
become Governor, he would be a natural
for the vice presidential nomination to
Evening star., 1946-04-16

run With President Truman of Missouri
IN l948, or should Mr.. Truman not be
candidate for denomination he would
be In a strategic position to try for the
presidential nomination. There is, how
ever. one big "if" here-if the Demo-
cratic candidate can defeat Dewey. with
DeWey's record as Governor-wflich most
New Workers say is excellent-and with
the trend away from the Democrats
which many observers say they see. 1t Is
going to be no easy Job for anv Demo-
crat to win the governorship.
Senator Mead is for the time being
out in the lead for the Democratic
gubernatorial nomination. He has, how
ever, to determine whether he is to seek
the gubernatorial nomination or seek
denomination for his old job in the SEN
ate. Tor he comes up for reelection this
year. Two other Democrats. however
are still persistently mentioned. One is
Associate Justice Robert H. Jackson of
the United States Supreme Court and
the other Is James A. Farley, former
postmaster General and former chair
man OF the Democratic National Com
mlttee. Justice Jackson, it is said, was
at least receptive candidate for the
nomination against Dewey In 1912,
Whether he would consider leaving the
supreme bench to enter political life re-
mains to be seen. He is at present
prosecutor of war criminals In Ger
maryland it has been suggested he
was given this assignment to make him
solid with the large Jewish vote in New
York. Mr.. Farley, who prevented the
nomination of Mead for Governor In
1912, is saying nothing Whether he
could have the support of the American
labor party and of the liberal party,
required If a Democrat is to be elected
Governor, Is decidedly uncertain.
Jackson, 1t is argued would have all
the liberal and radical vote which might
be expected to rally to Mead and at the
same time he would be free of certain
liabilities which Mead carries-due, In
part, to the bitter attack made on him
by Farley four years ago.
The senatorial fight this year in New
York will bear watching 1t Is nearly a
score Of years since the Republicans had
a Senator from New York. Most talked
Of today for the Republican nomination
Is Majority Leader Ives Of the New York
Assembly.
1t Is likely the CIO and its PAC will
get behind the Democratic nominee for
Governor, If 1t be Mead or jackson.
There has been considerable speculation
That the AFL, on the other hand, may
indorse Dewey. II this happens, it will
intensity the fight,
Evening star., 1946-04-16
For Crippled Children

A child even momentarily sick stirs
the sympathy of any normal adult.
But a little boy or girl who is
chronically i'll has still more COM
pelling claim upon the heart of an
average senior In this truth lies
the power of the appeal of every
crippled youngster. During the past
year one hundred and fifty-one
patients suffering with cerebral
palsy were referred to the District
OF Columbia Society for Crippled
Children. The condition of these
handicapped junior citizens is diff
cult to explain in words. Let it be
said at once that a single glance at
any OF them as they strive to stand
or walk or even to speak as other
children do suffices to convince the
least responsive grownup that they
need and greatly deserve the gener-
Gus help of the community of which
they are part.
The aid now available to such
stricken boys and girls includes
consultation clinics, psychological
service, speech therapy, a nursery
school project, a course in ortho-
pedic nursing, camp and GONZALES
ence care and various other enter
prises OF treatment. relief and
education. Working in cooperation
with a national organization founded
in 1921, the local society finances
its efforts by the sale of attractive
Easter Seals which have been
distributed annually for thirteen
years. Each little colored "scrap of
paper" bears upon its face graphic
message of courage and good cheer.
The designers have been artists of
distinction, and the seals of earlier
seasons now are sought by philatel-
lists as material meriting preserva-
ton in company with rare postage
stamps and poster labels.
For the general public, of course,
the collectors angle of interest may
be inconsequential. The larger
magic" of the Crippled Children's
Easter Seals is that of children in
distress, children who are neighbors,
the sons and daughters of men and
women who are the associates and
friends of each of US who makes
his home in or near the Nations s
Capital. To reject their plea in
Holy Week would be to fail a prac-
tical challenge Of the meaning Of
the Passion In modern life. The
Evening star., 1946-04-16
Truman to the Americas

President Truman's address to the
Pan American Union was a plea to
all the nations of the Western Hem
isphere. including our own, to i'm
prove themselves economically and
politically in order to promote a
prosperous and democratic peace
throughout the world.
Not every American republic grants
its citizens such individual liberties
as we enjoy or has an industrial and
agricultural system that offers them
an opportunity to make decent liv-
ing. Yet. In the Presidents words,
the Americas have overwhelmingly
rejected the false doctrine that man
exists for the benefit Of the state"
and have instead subscribed to the
principle that the state exists for
the benefit of man. This they have
done by formal agreement among
themselves under the Good Neighbor
policy, and they are thus committed
individually and collectively to ad-
vance liberty and increase economic
standards within their own borders.
AS the President sees it, If the
Americas live up to this commit
ment they will be not merely serving
their own interests and the interests
OF the entire hemisphere. but also
setting an example for the world at
large by proving the advantages of
cooperation, by revitalizing the
faith of men everywhere in their
ability to build good peace on firm
economic foundations, and by thus
strengthening the United Nations in
the task of maintaining an interna-
tional order that will eliminate the.
fear of war and establish in it's place
rule of justice and global co-opera-
ton. The Presidents clear warning
Is that anything less than that would
be catastrophe in the atomic age
an age which can be either a uni
versal blessing or a universal curse,
depending on whether peoples and
governments work together or 20
their old separate ways down a road
leading to complete devastation.
Mr.. Truman's view OF the future,
as expressed to the Pan American
Union, is fundamentally optimistic,
but his optimism is based in no small
measure on the precondition of an
earnest hemisphere effort to give
tangible expression to the meaning
OF democracy" so as to widen and
strengthen its hold upon the imag-
ination of the world" Given that,
then there will be good reason to
share the Presidents confident belief
that the United Nations not only
must succeed but actually Uiu.
Evening star., 1946-04-16

function and mission are concerned:
Cd Whether the Navy shall or shall not
have land-based aircraft, co the size
and functions of the Marine Corps; 80
the new weapons-guided missiles. rock
cts, and so on, and who shall develop
and control them.
The Navy says 1t needs a certain
number Of land-based aircraft for or
shore reconnaissance and anti-subma-
rine patrol. The air forces say this is
an invasion of their proper function
and will result in the setting up Of two
strategic air forces under different COM
mands.
The Navy says it needs q feet ma
: rine force including two full divisions
and supporting air units in order to
carry out its police functions and keep
up an adequate spearhead for major
amphibious operations. The Army says
that this is an invasion OF its proper
sphere and that appropriations for these
purposes should 60 to the Army ground
forces.
The air forces say that the guided
missile. ETC., program is their particu-
lar baby and Is so closely tied in with
strategic bombing as part of the long
range offensive power of the United
States that they should have full con-
troll of it. The Navy says that they
must be free to develop any weapon
they need for the discharge Of their
mission Of controlling the seas.
The one basis on which such Difficult
ties can be satisfactorily resolved and
on which there can be harmonious
cooperation among all the services
toward the single objective of the
common defense, is rising tide Of de-
termination among the people of this
country that there shall in future be
no gambling with the national security.
1t is the citizen, and not the general
or the admiral, who must make the first
decision. He must make up his mind
that the first requirement he makes of
his government Is secure and peaceful
world, and that to have such a world
America must have military power to a
degree never before contemplated in
time OF peace-at least for the present.
He must face the fact that to have such
power, he must pay for It.
(copyright 1e46)
Evening star., 1946-04-16

Nothing Is more discouraging to the
citizen who realizes his need for sound
military advice than evidence that his
chosen military advisers do not agree,
or cannot make up their minds If they
are uncertain, says the citizen, what
about me? What about my future? How
can ever feel secure?
Yet the future is never certain for any
Of us; and as have tried to show in
the preceding articles of this series, the
present is period of particular uncer-
tainty for the military man. Though his
job is inextricably intertwined with po-
ltical considerations, the political future
Of the world. of the United Nations and
of the position of the United States in
relation to other countries, is just about
as uncertain as it could be. And though
we have just been through long and
victorious war, the process Of fighting
brought into existence weapons and
methods which may make drastic
changes in military organization and in
the very elementals of strategy.
1t is inevitable that the military man
should desire first of all broad frame
of reference from his civilian superiors.
He wants enough of everything that he
may require to discharge q mission
whose future needs he cannot foresee.
But he knows that there is an overall
limit on the amount of money and the
number of men that will be available for
the armed forces in time of peace.
He knows all too we'll how after every
war We have ever fought, the sound
plans that have been made at the close
of the war for our military establish
ments have been successfully whitfield
away, year by year, by the congressional
paring-knife.
These considerations lie behind the
existing disagreements among the serv-
ices as to the organization and functions
of the armed forces. They would all be
swept away-they would vanish over
night, like mists before freshening
breeze-if there existed in this country
strong and lively public understanding
OF military requirements.
Look at the actual areas Of dis
agreement aside from the question OF
whether there shall or shall not be
single department Of the armed forces.
There are three such areas % far -