davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-02-06
Civil Service Shift

TIeSIueIlG truman S Order dlScOn-
tlnulng temporary war service
appointments and restoring the
traditional civil service system of
competitive examination and per-
manent placement is an important
step toward the re-establishment of
adequate employment standards in
the Government, The demand for
speed and volume recruitment dur
ing the war necessitated relaxation
OF the ordinary requirements for
hiring Federal personnel. Now. as
the Government moves back toward
a peacetime basis, a tightening-up
Is called for.
The Presidents order aims not
only at greater efficiency by requir-
Ing many jobs occupied by temporary
appointment to be filled competi-
lively, but also is designed to give
veterans and war workers from
private industry an opportunity to
qualify for Government employment.
Veterans will hold a decided edge
as the result of the preferences
accorded by the "GI Bill of Rights"
but only time will tell how attrac-
tive the service will be to the men
and women from the armed forces.
The extent to which veterans seek.
Federal jobs no doubt will be a
major factor in determining the
effect of the order on war service
appointees. These, of course, must
undergo the same examining routine
as any one else to stay in the Gov
ernment, and they, consequently,
often will be in position of having
to compete with outsiders for Jobs
they already hold. This will be
particularly true in the old-line
agencies. In the emergency agencies,
with short-life expectancy, the re-
placement ratio is not expected
to be high under any circumstance,
for it would be little more than a
waste of time for the commission to
certify applicants for permanent
appointment to posts which face
early extinction. The return to
normal conditions will impose a
heavy burden on the Civil Service
Commission, which will have to use
care in scheduling examinations so
that the volume of work does not
bog down the machinery.
Evening star., 1946-02-06
From Mr.. Trumun's Home Towr

Solomon Wise in the independence CMo) EI-
aminer.
Halfway measures will not stop
strikes
There is a legend we heard years ago
to the effect that King Canute tried
to sweep back rising tide with
broom
We greatly fear that President Tru-
mans mild and fair and considerate
plan of stopping strikes with fact-find-
ing boards will be just about as effective
in handling strikes.
This is a language which neither the
induStrialist nor the labor leader un-
derstands. 1t is much like the farmer
who threw grass at the boys in his
apple trees. He did not want to hurt
the boys and he did not want to lose
his apples. When he got real mad, he
gathered a pile of rocks and brought
down the fnarauders. The boys under
stood rocks.
We are in strong sympathy with the
President. He is trying to be fair to all
sides in these strike controversies and
get them together if possible without
hurting anybody. This would be much
the best and wisest way to solve the
matter if it would work.
We would be mighty glad If 1t does
work, but we are like the Negro
preacher at the funeral of a notoriously
wicked man. He looked at the man In
the caSket and said, "Brudder Jones.
you is daid. We hopes you is rome
where we fears you amt"
Evening star., 1946-02-06
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The blow-up in the United Nations
Security Council between the Soviet
Vice Commissar for Foreign Affairs
and the British Foreign Minister fur
nishes alarming headlines, but I am
inclined to think that such candid and
public attacks and counter attacks, in
highly undiplomatic language, will &C
tually contribute more to peace than
sweet but insincere protests of universal
harmony.
the masses-hence the immensely i'm
portant role in them of psychological
warfare" or propaganda.
The Importance of psychology has
been exploited in the modern mass
based tyrannical states in two ways.
They attempt to shut OF their own
people from hearing both sides of the
case, and they employ Trojan Horse
tactics, planting their own propagan-
dists in other countries, through ma
tionals OF those countries, under the
protection of the other country's civil
laws, and in the network of an inter-
national movement. The technique of
mass propaganda, thus disseminated, is
the infinite repetition Of slogans, i'm
planting bias in the mass mind, Sup
porting the slogan with wholly one
sided circumstantial evidence, but de-
pending far more on creating opinion
by deeply engraving an unsupported
idea in the mind
The only way this technique can be
dealt with is by open conformation of
propaganda statements and by exposure
of the technique itself. One only needs
to compare what apologists for a move
ment will say in print in their own
publications, and what they dare say
on public platform in the presence
of their opponents.
Il
1t is no secret that an unremitting
stream of officially inspired attacks on
Britain and British policy has been
issuing from the Soviet Union, taken up
and intensified by the communist
parties and their sympathizers in every
country, while. on the other hand, criti-
cism Of Soviet policy and methods is
increasingly vivid in the western world.
This is, think, inevitable, for what
divides the western world from the
Soviets is not only conflicts of power
interest but profoundly different con-
cept OF what constitutes good, or even
a tolerable society, and nothing is served
by pretending this is not so.
This latter division was high lighted
by the succession to Mr.. Churchill and
Mr.. Eden of Mr.. Atlee and Mr.. Bevin.
The original theory that the political
change in England would alleviate DOS
sible tensions with the Soviets was
extremely superficial. Mr. Churchill, an
expert at power politics, recognized the
world as one of power politics, and was
prepared to play as keen a game as
Evening star., 1946-02-06

which the Russian armies liberated
from the Japanese.
According to the Sino-Japanese agree
ment and the terms OF Japans sur
render, the Red armies had to withdraw
last November. Incidents" such as
the appearance of Yenan Communist
troops in the Russian-occupied area
before Central government troops had
a chance to be transported there
caused delay in withdrawal of the
Russian forces.
Gen. Chang himself asked the Rus
slams to postpone their departure until
his American-trained divisions reached
their assigned places.
These delays brought forth "eco-
nomic" negotiations between the rep
resentatiyes Of Chungking and Moscow.
The Russians and Chinese are equally
skilled negotiators and hard bargainers.
But the Russians had in their favor
the might of Red forces in Manchuria
and in Siberia. Moreover, the Central
government was somewhat DISCOURAGED
by the attitude Of the American Govern
ment towards the domestic, political
problems.
-" "ooAAAAA6SO SOAA ddlAlOl AtlCS DlCW flOt anu
cold, appearing to improvise policies
towards China in the same way that
it was handling European problems.
The ofhcial statements from Washing
ton would have been encouraging, had
it not been for behind-the-scene con-
versations which convinced the Chinese
that it would be risky to place too
much confidence in Americas support
should critical situation develop be-
tween them and the Soviet government.
Thus. when the representatives of
Moscow began pressing Gen. Chang s
representatives in Manchuria for an
economic agreement" to extend to
Russia half share in exploitation of
all resources in Manchuria, there was
nothing Chungking could do but accept.
Refusal might have brought prompt re-
taliation in the shape of another
breakdown of the peace agreement with
Yenan and In further postponement of
the withdrawal Of Russian troops from
Manchuria.
For the time being full details of
what the USSR contemplates getting
from China are not available in WASH
ington. But the reported desire of Gen.
Chang to withdraw from political life
after the republic has been re-integrated
is clear indication that he has been
compelled to accept conditions not to
his liking
Evening star., 1946-02-06
u This Changing World
By Constantine Broun

The economic negotiations" going on
between Chungking and Moscow to
give Russia so per cent participation
In the development Of all resources in
Manchuria is indicative of doubts Creep
ing into the minds of Chinese leaders
as to the political ability of the United
States to help China against the pres
sure Of her powerful neighbor.
The Russian economic" plan Is said
to be similar to that already imposed
on Romania. Hungary and Yugoslavia.
the Sino-Russian treaty provides that
with the exception of Russia's participa-.
tion in the exploitation Of the Chinese
Eastern Railway no further encroach-
ment on that country's sovereignty was
contemplated
The Sino-Japanese treaty in effect
recognized the Cairo declaration of
November, 1913, which provided for the
unrestricted return to the Central gov
ernment of China,s richest province.
The question of the Manchurian rail-
ways was brought up by Premier Stain
at Potsdam. President Truman, Prime
Minister Attlee and later Generalissimo
Chang Kai-shek recognized Russia's
historical rights in the Chinese Eastern
Railway and treaty of amity, whereby
the Russians undertook not to support
the Yenan Communists and recognized
the Central governments authority
throughout China, was signed.
1t was no secret in Washington and
Chungking that as soon as the internal
situation was stabilized and the civil
war came to an end, the reconstructed
Chinese government would devote all
its energies to undermining China not
only politically but economically as well.
This country with a population of
about 450000,000 souls contemplated
bringing itself up-to-date with the help
of the United States. The decision to
"AmericaniZe" China-in the widest
sense of the word-was prompted by
two factors. One was that of all the
great world powers, the United States
is least inclined to political domination
and territorial aggrandizement. The
other was. that only this country has
sufhciently large industry and produc-
ton to provide the Chinese with the
wherewithal to carry out the ambitious
plans of Gen. Chang and his advisers.
Moreover, America still has enormous
prestige with the Chinese masses
These plans seem now to have suf-
fered setback.
The Central government of China is
most anxious to recover Manchuria,
Evening star., 1946-02-06
Learning Firsthund

1He mouse PuDllc Buildings ana
Grounds Committee has set a good
example for other congressional
groups to follow in their quest for
facts relating to District legislation
On the theory that firsthand infor-
nation is more enlightening than
written or oral testimony, five mem
bers OF the Public Buildings and
Grounds Committee paid visit to
District Court to learn more about
the congestion about which they
have been reading and hearing in
connection with the proposal to
build new District Courthouse.
Escorted by Chief Justice Bolitha
Laws, the representatives made their
way through corridors crowded with
prospective jurors awaiting call to
duty; saw the deplorable congestion
in the probation Office, where inter-
viewing facilities are so inadequate
that frequently manacled prisoners
must wait their turn in Railways;
observed the lack of sufficient space
in main courtrooms when large
trials are held and noted how as
sistant district attorneys are doubled
up in offices allotted to the United
States attorney.
II do not know how they expect
efficient operation under these con-
ditions," commented Representative
Savage, Democrat, Of Washington,
after the tour of inspection. But the
public, including members of Con-
gress, do, nevertheless, expect and
demand efficiency in our courts. A
visit to the District Court building
should convince any interested per-
son-as it apparently convinced the
House group-that prompt and eff
cient administration of justice is a
lot to ask under existing handicaps.
The need for a new and adequate
District Courthouse is clearly press
ing.
Evening star., 1946-02-06
Philippine Rehabilitation

Phlllpplne High commissioner
McNutt, arriving here from Manila
to seek quick congressional action
on pending legislation to extend re-
habilitation aid to the war-ravaged
Philippines, has placed proper en-
phasis on the obligation we owe. to
the courageous people of that Far
Eastern outpost of democracy. After
winning from Congress their right
to be free and independent, as of
July 4, 1946, the Filipinos were
caught in the maelstrom of the Pa
ciflc war. They fought side by side
with American forces to resist the
japanese invaders, from Luzon to
Corregidor; shared the horrors of
the death march and of prison
camps, risked the dangers of guerrilla
warfare and helped to pave the way
for MacArthur's triumphant return
to the islands. Through it all, those
who survived saw their once beauti-
full cities and countryside devas-
tated, their industries destroyed or
damaged, their whole future under
the independence program i'm
periled.
True to it's pledged word, the
United States will give the Philip
pines complete independence on
July 4 next, but unless we keep a
collateral promise made to the Fill
pinos the forthcoming independence
Day will be a hollow mockery of
what we and the Filipinos had in
tended it to be. That collateral
promis Sc, Commissioner McNutt
points out, is that we would take
definite steps to help the Philippine
people prepare for independence.
They will not be prepared to assume
the heavy responsibilities of an in
dependent nation unless they are
extended an immediate helping
hand.
Such assistance is provided for in
two bills now pending in Congress.
One is the Bell free-trade bill, de-
signed to eliminate tariff duties for
eight years after independence, to
permit Philippine trade to get back
on it's feet, and the other is the Tyd-
ings rehabilitation bill, authorizing
payment of more than $400, 900 900
to help in rebuilding shattered
homes, churches and business
houses. Both bills are awaiting ac-
tion by House committees-the Bell
bill by the Ways and Means group
and the Tydings bill by the Insular
Evening star., 1946-02-06

possible for the British Empire But
Mr.. Bevin is a Socialist who sees the
basic issue to be, what kind of So
cialism? What kind of workers So
ciety?" He Is a real competitor. there
fore, with the Soviet leaders.
Under pretenses, which are false. ten
sions accumulate without vent. while
accusations and differences aired before
the whole world are subject to ap-
praisal as to their truth or falsehood
and the world reaction is a measure
OF diplomatic success or failure.
This bears on another cause of war:
The erroneous speculation of one party
10 dispute concerning what 1t can get
away with. One wonders, for instance.
what would have been the effect if the
Munich conference had been staged in
public, or the conferences between Molo-
tov and Ribbentrop, before and after
the Russo-German pact, had occurred
IN the presence of the world press
Hitler might have found out that Mr..
Chamberlain was not very reliable
representative of British public opinion,
and the world might have found out
that the Ribbentrop- -Molotov negotia-
tions were an attempted deal to parti-
ton far more than Poland.
Nv
When Mr.. Bevin says in hardly less
larring words. you big stiff, you can't
get away with that! Didn't we invite
you to the Greek elections? Didn't YOU
decline? And who are you, with your
organized international cliques con-
stantly attacking Britain, to be talking
about peace" one shudders, but then it
is interesting to open the Daily Worker
in New York and read an account of
Vishinsky's attack and find Bevin's reply
wholly, contained in the words Red
baiter!" So there is an international
anti-British movement sponsored by the
Comintern-and Vishinskys words were
hardly spoken before bunch of Com
munists, supposedly OF Greek origin.
were picketing the British consulate in
New York.
But meanwhile the British know they
must make the greatest effort to do a
worthy job in Greece; and no doubt
the Russian leaders know that their
defense Of their policy in Iran and the
Balkans Is pretty much of a dud. The
people all over the world, except where
the press Is controlled, may not wholly
agree with either Mr.. Bevin or Mr..
Vlshinsky, but at least the claims and
challenges of both have been publicly
uttered in each others presence, and
one can, to some extent, measure the
truth in either.
Continual harmony is like those neo-
democratic plebiscites which ALWAYS
bring IN 80 to SO per cent ma ajorities.
the surest proof that what is reignine
is not harmony but open or suppressed
1ear-another OF the causes of war.
tRelessed by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1946-02-06

ier youth in the war show how eff,.
clently the youth of country can be
'lnooctrlnated by an active and pur-
poseful minority.
The socialism which will. no doubt,
characterize the propaganda among
British youth VIII certainly be of the
Laski type, rather than the mild Fabian
IDEAS OF Bev1n and Attlee. This is be-
cause Laski is an educational as well
as political leader.
1t is to be noted in the schoolboy,s ac-
count quoted above that the United
States IS brought in only to point out
now much we have to give away, Pre-
sumably, British youth is not told by
ieftlsts that We gathered together this
treasure under system which socialism
condemns. Our best propaganda is the
emclency OF our production, but we can
not expect Red deans to understand
that.
What can our mild and many-sided
educational methods do by comparison
with this lusty propaganda? Our chill
dren are taught to hear all sides and to
decide for themselves. They are taught
good deal about the history of England
and of other foreign countries, but it is
clear that American history is not
stressed as it might be- And our Amer
lean textbooks in history and economies
tell little of the marvels of our produc-
tive enterprise.
The efficiency and productivity Of our
industry and agriculture is the hope of
the very countries which discredit our
political and economic principles. Since
that is true, why should we be modest In
pointing out the connection between our
productive efficiency and our free prin-
ciples? In any event, we should be at
work teaching 1t to our own children,
or they, too. win be the victims Of alien
defeatism. -.
0slsassd ~ Associated Nswspapsn. lns)
Evening star., 1946-02-06
UNO Growing Its Teeth

IL Is almost paraQOXlcal that
diplomatic wrangles among the
great powers coincide with the rela-
lively harmonious evolution of the
United Nations Organization. That
antithesis was seen last September,
when the London Conference Of
Foreign Ministers broke up in violent
disagreement, whereas representa-
tiveS OF the same powers, meeting
a few blocks away as members Of
the UNO Preparatory Commission,
got along amicably in arranging the
first session of the Assembly and the
inauguration of the Security Council.
Now, history repeats itself. The
Council is rocked by a major clash
of British and Soviet imperialisms
in the Middle East, but the Military
Staff Committee is concurrently con-
voked. That is certainly hearten-
ing portent, because this committee
is the agency which most sharply
distinguishes UNO from the defunct
League of Nations. 1t supplies the
teeth which the league lacked, that
lack being basic cause Of its failure,
since it was not able effectively to
enforce its decisions.
Heeding the grim lesson, the
trainers Of UNO resolved to put
material force behind this second
experiment in world cooperation.
The UNO charter provides for
effective collective measures for the
prevention and removal of threats
to the peace and for the suppression
OF acts Of aggression or other
breaches of the peace" The agency
whereby these measures are to be
implemented is the Military Staff
Committee, which is to function as
the UNO high command in charge
of the military forces furnished by
the members as an international po-
lice force. The first meeting of this
committee was attended by seven
teen high ranking officers of the
big Five"-Britain, China, France,
the Soviet Union and the United
States. Ultimately, it will include
representatives Of all members who
contribute their quota Of military
force.
To be sure, those quotas are not
yet fixed. The charter provides that
the numbers and types of the forces
to be put at the disposal of the
Security Council, and their degree
of readiness and general location,
shall be defined in agreements be-
tween UNO and the individual men,
bers. But the charter specifically
imposes upon each member the
obligation to hold Immediately avail
able national air force. contingents
for combined international enforce
ment action.
This last reposes a special re-
sponsibility upon the United States,
because at present we are the only
country possessing atomic bombs,
and that super weapon employed
by air power is presumably the
decisive factor. However, the re-
Sponsibility can be assumed only
after approval by Congress. And
this, in turn, involves the state of
our armed forces, which can be
determined only through congress
Sional action.
Evening star., 1946-02-06
Northern Winter
Winter is crusty sno,o in banks Of .ohs,

Winter is crnsty snotD in b1nks of ,phfte,
Is months OF mornings iphen the
da,Dn is gray,
Winter is north tpind hotpItn1 throurh
the night =.
While indoors, on the hearth, Loc fres
are gay.
Winter is hodrtrost oDer tree and bush.
Is pearly mist in iohich the street
lights flare
With rainbo1o hues, and in the mid.
night hush
Winter is eerie creakings or the stair.
Winter brings trost-terns to the wir-
do1o pdneS,
Brings skaters to the rink beneath
the moon
Winter means tUatching clouds and
11eutherUdnes,
Means snowmen melting In the
,Ddrmth of noon
AU this and more, a blissard In juu
riet,
Deep early dusk. and a cold star bright
quiet.
PRUDENCE x. oEARY.,
Evening star., 1946-02-06

been earnestly considered by the Su-
preme Court, the case still is subject
to final military review. After this
recourse, If the sentence stands,
history ought surely to show that
it was not imposed haphazardly or
in thoughtless haste.
AS for the precedent involved in
this case, there may be some dam
ger in it of the sort envisioned by
Justice Murphy. On the other hand,
however, it may well help to impress
upon future commanders in all lands
the Importance of being civilized,
not themselves alone, but their
troops as we'll.
Evening star., 1946-02-06
Into the Ears of Babes
By Raym ond Moley

Shortly after Christmas a student
conference was held in London. 1t was
attended by nearly 1000 students from
England, Scotland and Wales. Their
ages ranged from Is to 10. I have be-
fore me letter from an 1s-year-old
who attended. He says:
Nearly every one there was left, the
shades varying from pale pink to deep
crimson. 1t was supposed to be an
unbiased conference, but most speakers
were from the left. First our Labor
Minister of Health spoke. All he really
talked about was labor, labor and labor,
and how excellent their postwar plans
were. Free milk for children and moth
ers, then new houses, not to be equally
distributed among every one, but given
to the poor. The next speaker, Sir John
Anderson, former Conservative Chan
cellor OF the Exchequer, did not meas
ure up against his predecessor, because
he could not promise as much, An
other speaker spoke Of the future Of the
colonies and did not even include India
at all. The dean of Canterbury, COM
monty called the Red Dean, spoke on
Russia. According to him, everything
seems to be just perfect there. When
asked about Russian right wings and
what happened to them if they ex-
pressed their views, he stated that
there were none and then stopped dead.
In our discussion group we abol
ished the House of Lords, but found
nothing to replace it. The best pro-
posal was for house of experts. but
after all bricklayer can be an expert.
Another dtf1culty was how members
were to be elected and who was to do it.
Another thing we decided, and this
concerns you, is that America should
give much more help to the ex-occu-
pied countries. America is the land Of
plenty now and could easily spare
some OF her food and resources"
Ath
The vigor and fanaticism Of the Hit