davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

Despite the appeals of the American
delegation, the structure of the UNO is
being rocked by political bombshells
hurled by nations which have already
started playing power politics all over
again.
Oficial quarters in Washington are
confident" that the bombshells will
prove to be only noisy duds, which will
not damage the UNO materially. But
diplomatic quarters feel otherwise.
They fear that the matters brought
before the United Nations Council at
this time will demonstrate that some
peace-loving nations are not yet pre-
pared to live up to the spirit and letter
of the San Francisco Charter.
The Iranian governments request that
the Security Council intervene in the
Soviet-Iranian dispute is now by way of
being shelyed. Diplomatic observers
here appear to have been correct in
their forecasts that friendly" govern
ment would be established in Teheran
before the Council got down to a dis
cussion OF the Iranian complaint. Ac-
cording to reports from Teheran, the
King Of Iran will be compelled to ap-
point as premier a nominee of Moscow
who will withdraw the request presented
by his predecessor to the UNO Council
In the meantime, the Soviet and
Ukrainian delegates have presented the
newly born organization with two un-
expected demands. The Russian repre-
sentative has asked the Council to in
vestigate the Greek situation, which he
alleges is likely to become a threat to
the peace of the world because of the
presence of two British divisions in that
country.
The representatives of the Ukraine
brought UP the question of British
troops intervening in Indonesia and
claimed that the use of these forces
which he alleged are supported by the
remaining Japanese was another
threat to the peace Of the world.
Finally, the delegate of Poland Is
expected this week to raise the question
OF the existence of an exiled Polish
army in Germany and Italy. This
army, which is supported by the British
government, will be described by the
Polish delegate as fomenting internal
strife in Poland and as such is con-
strued to be the instrument of British
interference In the domestic affairs of
friendly nation.
None OF these charges Is remotely
similar to those brought up by Iran,
but serve the purpose of throwing fur
Evening star., 1946-01-23

draw their news services from the State
Department in order that their own
objectivity may not be compromised by
the use Of their news dispatches in
Government news broadcasts.
Yet there is force in Mr.. Benton's re-
Joinder that in large areas of the world
news from America, by Americans, can
penetrate only by short-wave radio
This is true, for example. in several of
the Balkan countries, in much of the
Near East, in Southeast Asia, and in
Russia"
Whether a Government news service,
maintaining the highest degree of OBJ
jectivity, might find useful mission in
sending American news to areas which
no private agency can reach, is another
matter altogether. Barriers of Ian
guage will tend to confine the Govern
ment broadcasts to the areas for which
they are intended.
It is much harder for the State De-
partment, the formulator and origi-
nator Of foreign policy, to claim objec-
tlvlty for foreign -bean1ed news broad
casts under its control than it would
be for an independent government
agency organized for that specific pur-
pose and responsible directly to the
President or perhaps to the Federal
Communications Commission. ..-.
The true usefulness of any such broad
casting service will be measured. in the
end, by the degree to which the broad
casts are heard and accepted by the
people for whom they are intended.
This is partly a matter of available re-
ceivers. and partly one of the establish
ment of confidence in the truth and
impartiality of the broadcastS them
selves. They might, in time become a
potent weapon in the hands of our
Government for use in breaking down
the devotion of other governments to
censorship and controlled news Our
ultimate objective must always be to
extend the area in which news services
can operate freely; wherever they be-
come able to do so, Government news
services which compete with them must
be discontinued.
Meanwhile, it might be helpful If
control of the Governments news broad
casts were given to an independent
agency provided with an advisory COM
mittee representing the major press
associations and radio networks This
committee should have special RESPONSE
bility for maintaining complete objec-
tivity of news handling.
If we grant that the Government
must bring American news to peoples
who cannot otherwise get such news
from American sources. we must at
least make sure that they get the news
in the same form that we demand it for
ourselves.
tCopyrisht, 1946.)
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Might Leurn From Them
,m the St. John Telesraph Journal.

From the st. John Telegraph Journal.
The British Government has been Civ
en- authority to continue for five years
wartime economic controls. Household
ers are asked to share their homes. Fac
tories have had to be built and their
operations dispersed more with the idea
Of protection from bombing than of eff
cheney, and this has not contributed to
reconversion. The British people grum-
BILE some also, but they have accepted
their sacrifices in determination not
to sell their birthright of economic free
dom for mess of pottage of temporary
comfort and luxury" Canadian grum-
blers might take leaf from the British
book and continue to build for the fu-
ture while enduring the sacrifices which
are necessary for bringing about the
coming happier state when industry and
living again are on an even keel.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Advocates Union Reforms

To the Editor OF The Star:
IL will take many months, at any
hoped-for increased pay, to regain wages
lost by strikes, but the worker has little
choice under conditions as they exist
at present The following reforms
should be set up:
Cd Strike votes should be by secret
ballot, and voided if the return is less
than two-thirds of the members, with
the option of a further vote after 10
days: CD any major decision required
should be put up to the members and
subject to two-thirds majority of the
two-thirds minimum vote required; co
all officials of the union should be elect
ed by secret ballot; (D civil penalties
should be applicable to both manage
ment and labor for the breaking of COL
lective bargaining contracts; 60 the
accounts of the unions should be sub
jected to independent audit and copies
OF the annual accounts sent to members
of the unions with annual reports
The average working man is the
backbone of the country's prosperity
and has plenty of common sense. With
the decision in his hands, rather than
in the hands of a few self-interested
leaders, we can be assured of fair deal
ings between employer and employed.
THOMAS B. JARVIS,
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Voting in Germany

Reports from the American zone
In Germany strongly indicate that
the German people are likely to take
a lively interest in the problem of
their political reconstruction. On
Sunday, at any rate, in the first free
elections to be held in the country
since 1888, the population of seven
teen landkreis in Greater Hesse dis
played anything but apathy. some
IS per cent of the eligible having
cast their ballots for local councils.
This. of course. constituted only
q small sampling. But if similar
percentage turns out next Sunday
for the much more widespread vot-
ing to be held in the remaining
twenty-five landkreis, or counties of
Greater Hesse, and in all but the
urban communities of Bavaria and
Wuerttemberg- Baden, an important
and wholesome beginning will be
made on the necessarily slow process
of Germany's return to self govern
ment.
Returns from the Greater Hesse
voting show markedly conserva-
tive frame of mind, with extremist
parties like the Communists trailing
far behind. 1t is expected that the
same trend will be found next Sun
day, but since only the rural areas
and smaller townships are involved
areas where German conservatism
is traditional-this is not surprising.
The real index to the country's post
war political thinking will not be
had until elections are held in
national issues in the big cities
throughout all four occupation
zones.
These urban elections have not
yet been scheduled, and it may be
q long time before the Allied Control
Council permits them. Meanwhile,
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Centralized Intelligence

President Truman's directive set
ting up a National Intelligence Au-
thority is looking step
toward correcting a serious weak
ness in our national security setup
in time of peace. This weakness
is in the field of foreign intelligence,
as it relates to diplomatic, industrial
and military developments in other
countries. 1t was weakness of
which our potential enemies were
we'll aware and of which they took
the fullest advantage. Although it
was an open secret that foreign
agents in this country were collect
ing data of every conceivable type
regarding our capacity to wage war,
we maintained no adequate foreign
intelligence system of our own
chiefly out of a fear of disrupting
friendly relations with other gov
ernments. What little information
of possible strategic value we picked
up with the aid of our consulate
officials and military attaches usu-
ally went into a pigeonhole "for
future reference" without proper
evaluation in relation to intelligence
filed away in other pigeonholes at
the State, War and Navy Depart
ments.
The foreign intelligence agency
to be established by the Presidents
order should go long way toward
filling the gap in our peacetime pre-
paredness program. Under the new
plan, the Secretaries of State, War
and the Navy, with a presidential
representative yet to be- appointed,
would constitute an overall body
charged with planning, developing
and co-ordinating foreign intelli-
gence activities. In addition, each
of the three secretaries would desig-
nate departmental members of a
Central Intelligence Group under a
Director of Central Intelligence to
be appointed by the President. Thus,
instead Of creating new and in
dependent superagency, the MA,
through its Central Intelligence
Group, would make use OF existing
Army, Navy and State Department
facilities for collecting information.
Evening star., 1946-01-23

Russia. despite reports to the contrary,
is unwilling to try the job of indoctrina-
ton, even the indoctrination of COM
munism. This is not because Russia is
not desirous of spreading her pet theory
of government, but because the job Is
too big in such country as Germany.
Russia knows, further, that Commu-
nistic Germany, if it grew strong, would
jump on Russia, just as Germany did
before. theology is froth on the surface
of nationalism. Instead Russia will
permit the crude beginnings of demo-
cratic institutions to grow-perhaps
with cynical idea that the Germans
will never be happy with democracy, in
any event.
The Russians may be right or wrong
about the longtime prospects of de-
mocracy in Germany But it is clear
that free political and economic insti-
tutions cannot appear overnight.
Political and educational institutions
will be slow growths in Germany, and
we SHALL with our Allies, try and try
again with many experiments. But
an economic system must be developed
on the basis of tine present German
mentality. That mentality requires
planning by authority. The economic
structure of Germany for 1947 and 1948
must be planned now. Germans are in
the habit of following schedules and
blue prints. They will work and work
hard, but they work under authority.
American occupation authorities cannot
assume that Germans will behave like
Americans. Germans must be told.
If priority is thus given to economic
development, the environment may be
created in which democracy and demo-
cratic education can grow. Germany
must learn that militarism and terri
torial expansion are not necessary to a
full life. After that. her mind will SLOW
" abandon the manic delusions which
brought her to ruin.
RELEASED b. Associated Newspapers Insl
Evening star., 1946-01-23

however, the initial Greater Hesse
vote, held under American auspices,
seems to be an encouraging straw in
the wind, at least in the sense of
suggesting that the people of Ger
many, despite predictions to the
contrary, may be far from indif-
ferent to the democratic political
process and that Hitler's baleful
regime has not deprived them en-
tirely of healthy desire to govern
themselves.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Our Ability to Puy

The text accompanying the Dis
trict budget, submitted to Congress
on Monday, says that THE District
OF Columbia must find new sources
of revenue to finance any further
enlargement of the general fund
expenditure in the future"
Where is it coming from? The
Commissioners Tax Com nj It e e
should stress the Districts tax
paying disabilities in showing that
the increased revenue cannot be
taken from local taxpayers without
adding to existing inequities.
Washington's population has al
most doubled since 1889 and the
Districts budget is a shade less than
twice the 1889 appropriations. But
the increase in population, while
responsible in part for the added
cost of municipal operation, has
brought no commensurate increase
in sources Of local tax revenue.
There are many firms doing a
profitable business in Washington
which pay no local income tax be-
cause they are not incorporated and
because their owners live in Mary
land or Virginia. An increasing
number Of corporations are dissolv-
ing, some of them to escape the
local income tax. But there is
much larger number of individuals,
resident in the District and earning
their living here, who escape the
local income tax because of legal
domicile elsewhere. The total esti-
mated tax to be collected from local
individual income taxpayers in 1947
does not equal the estimated cost of
patients in st. Elizabeth's Hospital
who are charged to the District.
More than half the city's land
area-excluding streets and alleys
Is tax exempt. The total real estate
tax Of ten years ago would not pay
the cost of schools alone in the
new budget, and since 1885 the
Federal Government has acquired
and removed from the tax lists
nearly two thousand acres in Wash
ington. The total yield from taxable
real estate this years per cent of
total general revenues-will barely
cover, If it meets, the cost of the
public schools and the Health
Department.
A bill is now pending to charge
half the cost of a new Federal Courts
Building to local taxpayers. The
estimated total yield in 1947 from
personal tangible property taxes will
not meet this charge. The cost of
running the National Geological
Park, Federal institution, exceeds
the revenue collected from the tax
on beer. Salary increases for Dis
trict employees since 1943, ordered by
Congress without relation to local
revenue availability, have cost the
District more than it will collect in
1947 from total taxes on sales and
gross receipts, including the alco-
holic beverage tax.
The threatened deficits in local
revenue are in large measure due to
the fact that this is the National
Capital, where tax resources are
unusually limited and where the
costs of operation are unusually
high. The needed increase in local
revenues should come from the
Federal payment, which, during a
period when local tax revenues have
increased over 1SO per cent, has been
reduced by 35 per cent.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Russiun Red Herrinq

The charges against Britain in
Greece and Java jointly preferred
to the Security Council of UNO by
the delegates of the Soviet Central
Government and the autonomous"
Ukrainian S. S. r. are reminiscent
OF the proverbial red herring drawn
across hot trail to confuse the
scent of pursuing hounds. They are
obviously designed to complicate and
confuse the issue raised by the Ira
nian government when it charged
the Soviet Union before the Council
with unwarrantably interfering in
Trans domestic affairs by fomenting
and protecting an autonomous
movement in the Province of Azer-
baijan.
The Russo-Ukrainian moves, which
took everybody by surprise, are
based, like the Iranian appeal, on
Article IS of the UNO Charter, call
ing for action by the Security Coun-
Gil. The Russian demarche charges
that "the maintenance of British
troops in Greece becomes a matter
of pressure on the internal situation
in the country, which is not seldom
used by reactionary elements against
the democratic forces" and that
has created tension fraught with
great consequences for the Greek
people as well as for the mainte-
nance OF peace and security" The
Ukrainian protest on Indonesia
charges British troops with military
actions against the local popula-
ton" which has similar conse-
quences that the Council should act
upon.
A factual analysis of these three
charges at once reveals an out
standing difference between the one
preferred by Iran and those made
by the Observation-Disclosures. The Ira
nlan complaint was filed by the gov
eminent of that country and deals
with Russian actions taken in dis
regard or contravention of specific
treaties or international agreements.
The Russo -Ukrainian complaints are
made allegedly in behalf of a gov
eminent or regime which has
not itself complained, and concern
ing the effect of the acts of British
troops whose presence is provided
for by treaty or diplomatic arrange
ment.
This is decisively attested by the
official reactions of the parties whom
the Russians and Ukrainians affect
to champion. AS soon as word came
to Athens Of Moscow's move, the
Greek Prime Minister stated
British military forces are in Greece
with the full consent of the Greek
government and in earnest COL
laboration with it in maintaining
order" Still more striking was the
statement OF Sutan Sjahrir, head of
the unrecognized Indonesian regime
with whose adherents the British
in Java have often been in armed
conflict Premier" Sjahrir prompt
ly stated that the Indonesians
would prefer for the British to re-
main until the japanese have been
removed. adding: "If the British
withdrew now, the japanese might
refuse to lay down their arms and
might resist"
These categorical disclaimers of
the objects of Russo Ukrainian So
licitude would seem to indicate de-
cisively the hollowness of the
charges and the true objectives
behind their preferment. Such
maneuvers are in line with Soviet
diplomatic practices. But they do
not augur we'll for genuine UNO
harmony and international CO.
operation.
(L-I:-l
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Opposes White House Additions

Opposes White House Additions
To the Editor of The Star.
I am glad you have given the people
OF the United States an opportunity to
express themselves about additions to
the White House, before it is too late.
I believe I voice public sentiment when
I say the building should not be altered
in any way. 1t is closely associated with
the history of our country and makes
as comfortable and dignified home for
the President and his household. BY
no means should it have patchwork
additions stuck on it. If more Offices
are essential, place could be found by
demolishing that old "rockery" of a
State Department, and on its site erect
ing something magnificent for housing
the State Department, where there
should be ample room for offices for
the President. B. L. C.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Praise for Mr.. Henry

To the Editor of The Star:
Thanks for the Sunday article by
the very able Thomas r. Henry. Our
public is seeking such assurance and
enlightenment. Further, our atomic
scientists have earned and deserve
every consideration in the face of their
grave responsibility. BILL CLARK.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
To Help Housing

From the Nashville Tennessean.
One Of the few remaining controls
which protects the public from danger
ously high building costs is the rental
ceiling. To exempt new housing from
this ceiling would weaken the whole
anti-inflation structure in the housing
field.
Evening star., 1946-01-23

Regarding that ordinary table
knife" used to cut through bars at
the District Jail, and bearing in
mind the sort of meat one gets
these days-if any-it could be
wished that this brand of cutlery
were more widely known to house
wives
Evening star., 1946-01-23

Another business "get together"
that would be popular with males
is conference between the manu-
facturers OF the six-eyelet oxford
shoe and the inadequate 27-inch
Shoelace
Evening star., 1946-01-23

ut Is reported that Maryland's
raccoons and muskrats are engaged
in struggle of determination.
Back in the golden twenties" this
might have referred to battle of
the sexes. at least in campus circles.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1946-12-06

vent 1t from hearing Johnson's ap-
peal and Johnson from exercising
his rights.
In furtherance Of this conspiracy.
the mob broke into the jail. took
Johnson out and lynched him. The
sheriff and the jRiler pretended TO
do their duty hut really sympa-
thized with and abetted the mob,
The final acts as well az the
conspiracy were alleged as con.
tempt. In an opinion written by
the late Justice Oliver Wendell
Holmes. the court held that even
u the United States Circuit Court
had M Jurisdiction TO entertain
the petition for hAbeas corpus Of
one convicted In the state court.
and the Supreme Court had no
Jurisdiction Of an appeal from
the order Of the Circuit Court
denying the petition, the Supreme
Court. and the supreme Court
alone. had Jurisdiction TO decide
whether the case was properly
before Il. and. until Its judg.
ment declining Jurisdiction was
announced, II had authority TO
make orders TO preserve existing
conditions, and a lawful dIsre-
gard Of those orders constituted
contempt.
The court said II was unable TO
agree that the grounds upon which
the petition for habeas corpus was
presented were frivolous or n mere
pretense. THE murder Of the pc.
titioner has made II impossible to
decide that case" Justice Holmes
added.
On the basis Of this decision. the
Government contends In the con.
tempt proceedings against Lewis
and the UNIV that the District
Court had power to issue the tenn
porary restraining order, and has
corresponding power and Iurisdic,
ton TO compel enforcement and
punish Lewis and the UNIV for
wilfully failing or refusing to com
ply with such an order.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1946-12-06

reality the youngest Of the more
progressive organizations in the
South. 1t embraces within its men,
bership some Of the leading South
erners alive today.
Its superiority over other or
CARNATIONS lies in the fact that
it believes that the only way to
face a problem is to face it. 1t.
therefore, does not try TO put new
wine in old bottles. 1t does not try
TO kid itself or any one else that
working within the old Southern
framework. progress can be made.
1t knows that the SOuth's problem
is economic and it therefore moves
out to solve that problem for all
the people Of the South-not just
some of the people Of the South.
II there is such thing as a new
SOuth-this is il.