davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-06
Phone Service From Japan
To U. 5. Reopens Thursday
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Jan. 5.-Radio tele-
phone service between Japan and
the United States will be reopened
next Thursday, the American Tele-
phone 81 Telegraph Co. announced
today.
On the same day, the company
said. overseas service also will be
established in the first two cities of
the American occupation zone in
Germany-FTankfurt and Munich
to be linked by radio telephone with
the United States.
1nltially, the company said, all
japanese calls must be filed in and
placed from Japan and will be
limited to military and naval per-
sonnel. Cost of 3-minute CONVEX
satlon between Tokyo and any point
in the United States will be $12.
Evening star., 1946-01-06
Woman Dies in Crush
On Auto Trip From D. c
By the Associated Press.

RICHMOND, Ind, Jan. 5.-Mrs
Ruby Boshart, %, was killed today
and her husband, Chief Warrant Of
ficer Melvin Boshart, %, was injured
when their automobile smashed into
a culvert after skidding on ice on
the highway north of Eaton, Ohio.
The couple were en- route from
Washington, D. c., where Mr.. Bos-
hart is stationed, to the homes of
their parents in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa
and Keokuk, Iowa. Their 3-year-old
daughter, Melva Jean, was not in
jured.
Evening star., 1946-01-06
Mrs. Roosevelt Urges 7 hat UNO
Aid REFUGEES in First Session

what other people are going to do
to you"
Wants No Public Office.
Mrs. Roosevelt also discussed her
personal plans. When her attention
was called to press reports that
Hyde Park may be under consid-
Grafton as site for the UNO
permanent home, her only comment
was:
Il don't own Hyde Park. The
Evening star., 1946-01-06

Government owns Hyde Park and I
would have nothing to say about
that"
Mrs. Roosevelt declared fatty she
did not intend to seek public Office
of any kind
Il DO not intend to run for Office
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Mr.. ChurchiII's Visit

Whatever may have been the full
purpose of Winston 'Churchill's call
on President Truman last night
and it is but natural to wonder
whether it was more than a mere
courtesy visit-it is good to have had
him back again in Washington and
to reflect on what the world was like
when he was last here.
That was in 1943, and the war was
far from won then. The Axis, it is
true, had been driven from the whole
OF Africa, but the deadlieSt battles
OF al-in both the Pacific and Eu-
rope-still had to be fought. The
long and bitter campaign in Italy
had not begun, the violent island
by-island march against the Japa-
nese remained to be launched, and
the cross-channel invasion of France
was not beyond the anxious planning
stage. The worst of the fighting and
the dying, in other words, was yet to
come, and no man could tell when
the terrible ordeal would be over.
Yesterday, however, when he ar
rived at the National Airport, Mr..
Churchill could give his famous vic
tory sign not merely as a gesture of
hope but as the symbol of a great
and historic achievement by an Al
lied coalition of power, the like of
which had never before been seen.
And If he so wished, he could have
said to himself that his personal con-
tribution to the final triumph was a
very large one, even though his bril-
liant and inspiring war leadership
of Britain came to an end before
Japan's surrender Moreover, to-
gether with President Truman, he
could have observed that although
the world still Is experiencing num-
Der OF bumps, they are rather like
the bumps he had on his flying week
end trip from Florida. That is to
say, that although they are discon-
certing and can develop dangerously
> If not controlled, they are not nearly
so bad as the terrible bumps suffered
by mankind during the unprec-
edentedly savage struggle with the
Axis.
The peace, in short, is still a pretty
rough thing but no one in his right
mind would exchange it for the con-
ditions that prevailed when. Mr..
Churchill was last in our midst. His
visit at the White House last night
was doubly welcome because 1t
served to remind all of us of that.
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Wants Lemke Bill Extended

To the Editor of The Star:
You have so often helped me in con-
nection with my work for the Animal
Rescue League that venture to solicit
your interest once again, though this
time am speaking in my own private
capacity.
suppose you have seen the Lemke
bill, which proposes to take dogs out
Of the medico-surgical experimental
ton field in the District of Columbia.
In other words, the present anti-vivisec-
ton bill which I believe is now before
District committee for discussion and
emendation.
My only complaint about the bill is
its narrow scope. Once dogs are taken
out of the experimental surgery field,
it is only reasonable to conclude that
cats and monkeys will have to bear the
whole brunt of experimentation. They
are both highly organized and domesti-
Gated animals, who have been tanned for
pets so long that their natural sensi-
tivity has become greatly intensified.
Heaven knows, one would like to be able
to take every animal out of experimental
surgery, but so much benefit to medicine
has been derived therefrom that one
dares not press the matter too closely.
At least the rats, rabbits and guinea
pigs can be presumed to suffer less than
the higher order of mammals. So please,
please extend the mantle of protection
to the half-human monkey and the
hyperaesthetic cat!
MRS. SPENCER COSBY.
Evening star., 1946-02-11

than on the other satellites because the
country Is directly in the path of
Turkey and the straits. Physical occu-
patton alone is not considered sufficient
because the Bulgarian people-who lean
toward western democratic ideas
might eventually become obstreperous
under q totalitarian rule. Hence, 1t is
essential that the western democracies--
and particularly America-should be
humiliated and made to lose face.
The policy OF humiliation started soon
after the Red armies entered Sofia. A
score Of American officers who had
preceded the Russians were rounded up
by Russian military police, loaded in
trucks, guarded by armed soldiers and
sent to Turkey.
Later, when Maynard Barnes, Amer
ican Minister, and Gen. Crane were
officially admitted by the Russian gov
ernment as Americas official repre-
sentatives in Bulgaria. they enjoyed
little courtesy from the Russian suthor-
tiles, although the then existing Bull
garian government intended to treat
them with friendliness and respect.
When the two men accepted luncheon
invitation from the Bulgarian minister
OF war, who lives about 10 miles outside
Sofia, and proceeded in an official
automobile flying the American flag,
they were stopped by Russian military
policemen and compelled to return to
the city because they did not have
special permit to leave town.
There have been many more such
incidents which have received little or
no publicity. The War and State De-
partments decided that the reports from
Sofia relating the troubles of our rep
resentatives should be considered as
secret for fear the people of this coun-
try would become angered and the
policy OF harmony at any price" would
suffer.
But since the beginning of the year
even the inevitable routine demands
have received less than scant courtesy.
The movements of all members of both
missions have been carefully watched
by secret service snoopers, some of
whom are said, on occasion, to have
acted as agents provocateurs."
While Minister Barnes, who is a pro-
feSsional diplomat, was accepting the
situation ood-humoredly-a least on
the surface-Gen. Crane is said to have
reached the end of long patience and
mas reported in unmiStakable terms the
most recent incidents with the remark
that conditions in Bulgaria, as far as
ne and his staff are concerned are in
compatible with the dignity of the
American uniform.
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Kosciuszko

Tomorrow will be the two hun
dredth anniversary of the birth of
the man whom modern commenta-
tor has called "the original Liberty
pole" The pun, as usual, may be
indeffnsible, yet it has a certain
obvious justification. If Thaddeus
Kosciuszko is to be remembered at
all, it must be for his ardent belief
IN human freedom. His life was sor-
rowful, his struggles were unavail-
ing-at least so far as immediate
results were concerned-and his
name Is associated with disappoint-
ment and Illustration.
But perhaps it is for that very
reason that multitudes on both sides
OF. the broad Atlantic think of the
great Polish patriot with apprecia-
ton and gratitude. Born February
IL, 1746, in the grand duchy of
Lithuania, he was a member of the
class of small gentry" from which
all Europe for many generations has
drawn numbers of its noblest think
ers, its braveSt leaders. The first
strong influence of his career was
Plutarch's Lives" Such formal edu-
cation as he had was gained at
Breesc and Warsaw, then at Mezieres
In France. An unfortunate love af-
fair commonly is said to have turned
his attention to America. 1t was on
borrowed money that he came to
Philadelphia in August, 1776. His
part in the fortification of the Della
ware River gained him a commits
sion as colonel of engineers in the
Continental Army early in 1777.
Thereafter he contributed to the de-
feat of Burgoyne at Saratoga, the
development of West Point and the
operations in South Carolina under
Nathaniel Green. Congress made
him a brigadier general on October
13, 1888.
From that date onward his ener-
gies mainly were devoted to the
cause Of Polish independence. He
was the leader of the valiant re-
sistance against the Russians in 1892
and again in 1894. The latter effort
ended in the fateful battle of Macie-
towice and Kosciuszko's imprison-
ment for two years. Gear Paul I
released him, and he returned to
America in August, 1897, remaining
until May, 1898, when he secretly
= left for France. His final refuge was
In Switzerland. There at last, still
dreaming of the eventual freedom
Of his country, he died on October Is,
1877. i. In homage to the purity of
his motives and the upright charac-
ter of his methods, the Emperor
Alexander personally paid the ex-
penses of the removal of his body to
the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow in
1918. The Polish people subsequent
" built a unique memorial for their
Evening star., 1946-02-11
On the Record
BY Dorothy THOMPSON

diverted from unnecessary uses If mil
lions of human beings were to escape
famine
Mass appeals, participated in by thou
sands of Americans, to open Axis coun-
tries-Where conditions are worst-to
American relief, and to re-establish pos
tai services for personal relief to rela-
tives and friends have been ignored.
The President is not ahead of the peo-
pie: he is way behind those who have
managed to learn what is going on The
real trouble is that the terrible disor-
gaDization caused by the war, accom-
panied by political generalization and
and highly unstable conditions in liber-
ated Allied countries, have been COM
pounded by the Potsdam program.
which will go down in history as the
bllndest. most stupid peace program
ever enunciated
X
Compounded of Morgenthauism re-
vengism, economic moronity and the
suspicious of the victors of each other:
made to compensate the Poles for their
loss of territory in the east by awarding
them vast stretches of German terri
tory in the west, which they have
neither the proper governmental au-
thority, the people, or the tools to re-
settle and manage; agreeing in prin-
ciple to the evacuation from eastern
countries of the entire German-speak-
ing population. numbering 10 or IL
millions; deciding for the immediate
collection of reparations in the form
of industrial plant and agricultural
machines and implements; dividing
Germany into five zones, only four of
which are under the four-pow COM
mand in Berlin, the Polish zone being
left entirely to the Poles, who are them
selves demoralized by the alienation of
legitimate government and any army
with disciplined morale: destroying, not
only the political but also the economic
unity of Germany, so that there is no
intercourse between the Rhinelands and
Silesia or Leipzig and Munich-the AL
lies at Potsdam made what is now COM
ing to pass, with mounting horror an
inevitability.
1t meant sentence of death on mil
lions of German, Hungarian and other
European women and children.
Its results are reflected in an official
report from the Russian zone, where
infant mortality was 80 per cent in
November.
We must now make sacrifices to help
undo what our own policies have con-
tributed to create. We must get food,
medicaments and relief into the Axis
countries, from which UNRRA is barred.
Starving masses are soil for anarchy,
chaos, crime, insanity, epidemics, nihiI-
ism. Conditions in parts of Germany
duplicate the horrors of Buchenwald
and Belsen-and all in the name of
democracy, Christianity, humanity.
released by the Bell Syndicate Incl
Evening star., 1946-02-11

or prefabricated houses.
3. In the course Of the two years, q
lew hundred thousand of the quota
should be prefabricated houses
There Is much that is good in this pro-
gram, but it will need considerable am
plif1cation. For example, we are told
that nonessential building will be given
up. But how is essential building to be
defined? And who is to be the judge?
If manufacturing plants want to expand
or rebuild, are they to be restricted?
What road repairs are or are not essen
tial?
Will wage subsidies expedite housing
or only wages?
III II
The provision for guaranteed mar
ket for materials is superf1uous, because
present scarcity Is complete guarantee.
The provision for tax incentive to
new producers is very good, however.
But If we really need these materials,
we shall have to guarantee profit.
The most interesting part of the pro-
gram is the provision to create normal
years supply of houses by prefabrication
alone. Here the plan may run into Ia
Dor problems The conservative building
trades have consistently been suspicious
OF prefabrication.
II even a considerable part Of this
progrem can be accomplished, the way
may be opened also to a new era in pri-
vate construction. For the barriers to
mass construction by private builders
have been labor restrictions and expen-
sive financing. Had it not been for
these problems we might have mastered
the depression II years ago and have
entered the war with suficient housing
measurably to have met the present
emergency. Their solution still lies
ahead.
fIzafaa sed IN .kha AasnciafAA NaxsnanAfa. fnf
Evening star., 1946-02-11
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,cn

In long and detailed report, Maj.
Gen. John r. Crane. Americas military
representative with the armistice COM
mission in Bulgaria, has told Of the diff
ficulties and the humiliation he and
other members Of his military mission
are encountering in Sofia, where they
are being treated not as the representa-
tiyes of one of the great Allies but as
undesirable and meddlesome persons.
The generals report, which reached
Washington early last week, may have
some bearing on the attitude Of Presi-
dent Truman toward extending recog-
milton Of the Bulgarian government.
1t Is fully realized here that the
Americans are popular with the rank
and file of the Bulgarian people
But the puppet government, and par
tiaularly the Soviet military officials, in
Sofia are said to be making life unpleas-
ant for the American mission.
For the time being, Gen. Crane re-
ported, the present government has
given no indication that it will adopt
the democratic formula required by
Washington and London as condition
to the recognition of Bulgaria. The
Soviet government Is even more deeply
entrenched in that country than in
Romania. The veteran Communist
leader, the Bulgarian n-born George Dim
itrof, who was sent from Moscow to
Sofia several months ago, is the actual
ruler of the country and is being sup
ported by the Russian officials, backed
by about 100000 Red soldiers.
X l. X \
There Is nothing against Gen. Crane
personally, but the authorities are plac-
ing difficulties in his path in a political
maneuver to convince the Bulgarian
people that they need not look to the
United States for any support since
America can have no influence in the
Balkans.
The most trivial requests made by the
American mission are being referred to
the Russian military leaders, who make
1t point either to delay an answer or
turn them down. Requests for trips
from Sofia to points within a 2O-mile
radius are the subject of long negotia-
tions. The Russian military authorities
insist that the head of the American
mission appear personally to support his
requests. He is politely made to wait
long time before seeing the Russian
officials and, in his own words. he must
ask that in hand" for permission 10
take such steps as bringing his plane to
Sofia or moving a member of his staff
in or out of Sofia
The Russians apparently intend to
gain an even stronger hold on Bulgaria
Evening star., 1946-02-11
A Security Need

The postwar Navy projected in
Secretary Forrestals annual report
to the President is virtually identical
with that advocated in a resolution
adopted last September by the
House Naval Affairs Committee. The
general plan has been so thoroughly
discussed in the past few months
that it needs no detailed reviewing.
What is proposed is that the Nation
maintain an active fleet, ready re-
serve fleet and a laid-up reserve,
with the active fleet made up of 321
combat vessels so organized as to
give special emphasis to hard-hit-
ting carrier task forces equipped
with close to 1000 first-line planes.
Taken as whole, in its three cate
gories, this sea power-with per-
sonnel of about $4,000 officers and
men-would be unmatched by any
combination of countries and would
operate to serve not only our own
security but the international peace
preserving effort as well.
In his report Mr.. Forrestal makes
no specific mention OF the atomic
bomb, but that he is mindful Of 1t is
clear from his statement that what
the Navy currently envisions is de-
signed merely to meet the problems
of the immediate next two or three
years with the instruments now
available" As for the more distant
future, Mr.. Forrestal, like Admiral
Nimitz and other authorities, em-
phasizes that present fleet tactics,
strategy and equipment must be
subjected to periodic review to be
kept up to the minute and in line
with all new developments. Mean
while, there can be no doubt that
the plan he outlines Is calculated to
serve the Nations best interests in
the period directly ahead, maintain
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Lafayette Park in Spring

To the Editor of The Star:
Why rhyme of spring when April's
here and natures music fills the air?
The time we need our vernal cheer is
now while boughs are bleak and bare!
Permit me, please, the stage to set:
Maytime-the park called Lafayette.
Here, where the rosy rays of spring
Danish the weight of winters woe, poet
and peasant rest and sing-gone are
their sorrows with the snow. Pigeons
and squirrels their vigil keep, some dis
dainful as proud patricians; more, how
ever, trade favors cheap like other pea
nut politicians.
Natures communion is set for all,
wealthy or threadbare, saint or sinner,
gray haired savant or toddler small
tightly gripping his bottled dinner. Who
covets Bourbon, ice cubes, lithia, here
mid the robins and forsythia? Even !
am an earl or duke on my bench adjoin-
ing B. Baruch! RAY H. EVERETT.
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Letters to The Star
Not Proud of Achievement Which
Has Not Stopped War
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Now that the sensation of struggling
upward through vast custard pie has
somewhat abated, one of the ordinary
folk SO lyrically referred to views with
critical eye Babbie G. Bien's recent
paen on sweetness and light in our time.
"We have established homes
- sent our children to school, kept
them we'll and neatly clothed We have
shown pride in our homes, moved our
lawns, cultivated our flowers, and many
of us have had Victory gardens"
And in vast areas of the world men
have covered beneath the lash of cruel
and depraved oppressors. have suffered
horrible indignities and have regarded
themselves fortunate to be shot, and
not strangled or beaten to death!
Our children have grown up to take
honorable and som times honofed
places among their mates"
are piled in boxcars; in France among
the hedgerows mothers fall upon their
babies hoping to shield them with their
bodies from the bullets which rain upon
them; in a public square in Greece a
dying little girl tries, with last pathetic
gesture of modesty, to pull her ragged
skirts further over her withered knees.
And, too, in Europe's skies, in the
blood and sweat of Anzio, in steaming
jungles, the sons of ordinary folk battle
with ruthless enemy and are not
comforted with the thought that: g"
Most of us have attended civic affairs
above what was required as a
matter of course, have small savings
accounts and all of us have invested in
War Bonds"
1--WE have not . = quarreled with our
neighbors We have lived peace
fully - generally have settled our
differences without the use of firearms" :"
And twice within generation the
world has been devastated and count
less millions of us ordinary folk have
known terror and grief
That this is an already far too much
bombed world" Is conceded. But I, for
one, cannot agree that: I'VE are proud
of what we have done and in that pride
lies our reward"
GERALDINE w. BARRY.
Evening star., 1946-02-11
Voluntary Censorship Test

The Joint Army-Navy report on
Japan's abortive paper balloon at
tack on the United States tends to
confirm statements of high Japa-
nese military officers that the bal
loon project was launched more for
its Notwithstanding effect on the
dispirited Japanese civilians than in
serious expectation of inflicting any
effective damage in America. Japa-
nese Army officers have told our oc-
cupation forces that the balloon idea
was put forward as a direct result of
the Doolittle raid on Tokyo. The
shock of that daring raid greatly
depressed the home folks, these Off
GERS said, and it was decided that
the launching Of great numbers of
incendiary balloons, to be carried by
favorable winds to the North Ameri-
can coast, would provide a much
needed stimulus to the sagging mo-
rale of the people.
Accordingly, the japanese listened
carefully to the American radio and
watched such American press &C
counts as they had access to in
neutral countries in the hope of
learning how their balloon enter
prise was faring. They listened and
looked with growing disappoint-
ment, however-not because some of
the balloons did not reach their
destination but because no mention
of such incidents reached the air
ways or the newspapers. The Amer
lean press and radio knew that some
of these balloons had reached this
country, but under the voluntary
code of wartime censorship to which
they patriotically subscribed, all ref
erence to the balloons was elimi-
mated by request of military author
tiles. The failure of the japanese
balloon venture as a propaganda
weapon was due in no small part to
the extraordinary tightness of this
self-imposed censorship on the part
Of press and radio. No better testi-
monial to the success of voluntary
domestic censorship as practiced
during World War II could be offered
than Japan's vain quest for infor-
nation on it's balloon Invasion" of
America.