davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-22
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

While there has not been the remot-
est indication that Gen. Eisenhower's
forthcoming air trip to Brazil and
Mexico will have any political implica-
tions whatsoever, it is pretty safe to
say that the Army's Chief of Staff will
leave no stone unturned in an earnest
endeavor to help recoup some of
Americas lost prestige in those coun-
tries south of the Rio Grande.
The general will be away from Wash
ington for about three weeks, leaving
the Capital about August l. During his
trip he, and his party will be guests Of
the Brazilian government from August
5 to August and they are expected to
arrive in Mexico City about August Is.
They also will inspect United States
military installations in Panama and
the Caribbean.
For the last IL months, ever since
Spruille Braden went to Argentina as.
Ambassador from this country, our
relations with the Latin republics have
grown steadily worse
Gen. Eisenhower is first and fore
most military man, and he has no
interest in the political side of our
relations with other nations. except
insofar as they relate to military CO.
operation. He Is anxious to see
Western Hemisphere defense program
worked out whereby all nations in the
hemisphere will work in the utmost
harmony. And it is this harmony that
he will doubtless have in the back of
his mind when he goes to Mexico and
Brazil.
ftk y
Military and political good neighbor"
policies have become so intertwined and
linked one to the other in our recent re-
lations with the Latin nations that one
cannot help but ponder the task that
Gen. Eisenhower faces on his trip if,
indeed, he does intend to put in good
lick" toward rectifying the incalculable
harm that has been done our prestige
in these countries
Some of this harm, as it concerns the
military, occurred several weeks ago.
while Gen. Won der Becke, former Ar
gentine chief of staff, was in Washing
ton trying to get the State Depart
ment's promise to send arms to Argen-
tina as one step in co-ordinating hem
isphere defense
1t is to be borne in mind that the
Evening star., 1946-07-22

trolled supervision of food production
and the disposition of food, carrying
out the ideals for which Sir John Orr
has devoted his entire life-if that
happens then the Security Council of
the U. N. at their bimonthly meet
lngs will be able to spend most of
their time on the golf links of Long
Island"
Mr.. La Guardia went on to suggest
something like an international New
Deal. There should be, he said, an
international food bank to which sur
pluseS from some countries should be
delivered and from which needy coun-
tries must be fed. The program would
go on for some years
But there is no real reason to feel
that such pooling of resources will
be necessary. Mr.. Hoover says that
Europe's crop will be up to 90 per cent
of normal this year. 1t is not antici-
pated that starvation will face the
world in 1947 The real issue between
the Hoover philosophy and that of La
Guardia, Wallace and others is between
measured policy of helping only in
emergencies and bringing living stand
ards up through a planned lnterna-
tional economy. This, of course, has
been the domestic issue in this country
between free enterprise and the ex-
treme New Deal.
There is need for international ac-
ton to help in developing self-suf-
ticiency through improved agriculture
in backward places. But this does not
call for the continuation of UNRRA, a
war emergency body. The best feature
OF the U. N. is its allowance for in
ternational economic and social plan
ing. Such continuing activities belong
to the U. N. In the realm of emer-
gency feeding there is successor to
the Combined Food Board in the In
ternational Emergency Food Council,
which will go on to the end of 1947.
The feeding of needy children should
be carried on by specific welfare body,
preferably on a non-government basis.
The UNRRA should end with the
present emergency. That means at the
end of 1916.
released by the Associated Nevspapera}
Evening star., 1946-07-22

I submit that it was reasonable to
assume that this enlargement of the
formal appearance of autonomy-for
the Communist party runs the whole
Soviet Union and strictly from the top
down-was designed less for the pre-
war Soviet republics than for the new
republics which the U. S. S. r. foresaw
as entering eventually an enlarged
multi national union Furthermore
Stain and Molotov have made it clear
that they believe no other form of
multi-national state or world organiza-
ton. to which any fraction of sover-
eighty might pass, is a substitute for the
only form of multi-national organization
which would work-namely, Union of
Socialist and Soviet Republics Stain
on February 8 Of this year said:
The war has shown that the Soviet
multi-national state has successfully
stood the test and grown still strong
er, Any analogy with Austro- Hun
gary cannot be substantiated. since our
multt-national state on a Soviet foun-
dation promotes friendship and
collaboration. -
And the previous November Mr..
Molotov had made clear his belief that
the present state system would never
keep the peace, and that Russian COL
laboration with peaceful powers" was
a stopgap only
And 1t is not only words but Soviet
and Communist history and theory that
indicate that Soviet policy is designed
eventually to incorporate GERMANY in
the multi-national Soviet Union. If and
when that happens, it is my firm belief
that Soviet Germany will be rearmed
against Fascist Imperialist powers
planning aggression" That's we For
months not only the Russian press but
the world Communist press have been
grooming the United States as the
potential aggressor."
ms Will seem prepoSterous: but it Is
not preposterous. 1t is preposterous only
on the assumption that the Soviets were
Waglng a defensive war against the
Fascist invaders" and not war which,
given favorable circumstances, would
enable them to strike for "Bolshevist "
lie. total. solution in Europe and Asia.
The favorable circumstances were
created for them at Yalta and. above
all, at Potsdam, as previously favorable
circumstances had been created for Hit
Ter at Berchtesgaden and Munich.
These favorable circumstances continue.
For our own proposals for Germany and
Europe are no proposals at all They
will not and cannot work-as I have
endeavored to show in the past, and will
continue to try to show in the future.
And although we may be all but ex-
clusively concerned at the moment with
our internal affairs. the future of this
Nation will be determined by our for
eign policy.
released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc>
Evening star., 1946-07-22
Future of UNRRA
By Raym ond Moley

When President Roosevelt organized
the United Nations Relief and Rehabili-
tation Administration in 1912, one of its
main purposes was war propaganda. In
splitting of German satellites like italy
and Bulgaria, free food was to be used
as strong incentive. Through no fault
of UNRRA, this task did not succeed.
In the midst of military operations a
civil organization had no chance.
The real work of UNRRA began after
the fall Of Germany. Its work assumed
Importance then because of the food
emergency, the severity of which had
not been anticipated. UNRRA concen-
trated not on occupied regions or
financially strong liberated nations, but
in places like Greece, Poland, Hungary,
Romania, Italy and China.
There were inevitable complaints, but,
in balance, the verdict must be that
the organization, formerly headed by
Herbert H. Lehman and now by Fiorello
H. La Guardia, did, good job. About
half its rescue work was directed to
agriculture and agricultural products.
1t sent fertilizers and farm implements
and even tackled such projects as the
rechanneling of the Yangtze River.
y X
Now there seems to be determina-
ton within UNRRA to perpetuate it
self. This is the way of all government
organizations.
Herbert Hoover has said, since his
return, that the world has fortunately
escaped dire famine this year and that
the situation in Europe is so favorable
that deliveries on the free account can
be ended by September. He made
proposal to this effect at a meeting of
the Food and Agricultural Organization
of the U. NJ, group headed by British
nutritionists. Mr. Hoover said, further,
that charity from abroad tends to waste
and to the weakening of self -sufnciency.
He added, however, that relief for chill
dren is responsibility of richer coun-
tries.
Mr.. La Guardia did not agree. He
said. among other things: IF, out of
this conference, the world receives a
definite. wonderful concrete plan of
operation for an international con-
Evening star., 1946-07-22
The Troubled PHILIPPINES

Growing clashes between detach-
ments of the Philippine Army and
lnsurgent bands of the so-called
Hukbalahaps underscore the diff
culties which confront the new
nation in its task of implementing
the independence just accorded It
by the United States. The disturb
ances center in the province of
Pampanga, south-central Luzon, but
extend over a much wider area
They stem directly from the havoc
wrought by the japanese occupa-
ton, but are fed by economic and
social maladjustments which 20
back to Spanish colonial times.
The Hukbalahap movement gained
impetus as the most militant phase
OF the underground" resistance to
the japanese conquerors which
arose in the Philippines much as
the various undergrounds did in
Europe against German domination.
Until the American reconquest it
was patriotic cause which enlisted
the sympathy or adhesion of all
Filipinos who had not thrown in
their lot with the conquerors and
thus become "Quislings."
Once the Japanese were expelled
those Filipinos animated by purely
patriotic motives reverted to their
peaceful civilian status. But
minority of militant spirits, accus-
toned to violent methods, main
tained their organization and kept
their arms, with the intention of
gaining certain objectives they
thought themselves entitled to as
rewards for their patriotic efforts.
Chief among these are demands for
land reform, most of the peasantry
in the rich agricultural districts
being either tenant farmers of rich
landlords or, if small landowners.
badly in debt.
Peasant discomfort and unrest
goes back for generations, and was
only partially allayed by the land
reforms instituted under American
rule. Indeed, some of the economic
and social progress achieved under
the American regime appears to
have been undone by the native
ruling class, largely Chinese or
Spanish mestizos, who now are
wholly in the saddle with the at
tainment of independence. All these
grievances have undoubtedly been
aggravated by Communist propa-
ganda, as everywhere else in the
Far East. Lastly the parlous finan-
Evening star., 1946-07-22
The Hero That Was
From the st. Louis post-Dispatch.

from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The passing of William S. Hart will
bring nostalgia to many a middling old
ster with memories of the halcyon DAYS
Of the motion pictures, an epoch located
between the heyday of the nickelodeon
and the advent of the talkies.
Hart was the personification Of rug
gedness and purity. These evenings,
when the heroes of the screen are af-
fected with comfortable modern notions,
and some are sometimes little better
than cads, and sometimes little worse,
Hart would seem Victorian.
In the days when he was king Of the
Westerns, he was what the late William
Lyon Phelps constantly called on heroes
one and all to be-he was manly. There
was never doubt as to where he stood
he stood for the right.
All, for the days when art, mirroring
life, as Oscar Widle-wasnt it?-said
1t should, produced the simplicity of
William S. Hart in a world where right
was right and wrong was wrong and
never the twain should meet if our hero
had anything to say about it. In this
complex world, it seems idyllic; and in
the naive world of the 191os ct seq, 1t
was
Evening star., 1946-07-22

War Department and State Department
had been at odds over whether to send
arms to the Argentine Army of Presi-
dent Juan Peron, whom the State De-
partment did not like because of his
pro-Axis leanings during the war.
During Gen. Won der Beckes stay in
Washington, Jean Davidson of the
Agence France Presse, who is reported
to have close anti-Peron friends in the
State Department, asked the general
for an interview Won der Becke received
Davidson, but said he had nothing to
say for publication.
x
Davidson then filed story for release
in Rio de Janeiro to the effect that Won
der Becke had suggested to Gen. Eisen-
hover that Argentina play the leading
South American role in the Inter-Ameri-
can Pact, with Brazil relegated to a
minor role. This story, denied officially
by Won der Becke, his embassy and his
government in Buenos Aires, created a
furor in Brazil, as well it might, in
view of the longtime rivalry between
Brazil and Argentina.
State Department proponents of
firm attitude toward Argentina-and
oplulle 6Taoen Is reported 10 De among
them-cannot be too naive to miss
seeing the possible far-reaching effect
that this "cooked-up" story might have
Because of it, Brazil might we'll refuse
to call the Rio conference this fall,
which is said to be exactly what the
anti-Peron people in the State Depart
ment want to happen Further, the
story could wreck the entire inter-
America defense setup by rekindling
Argentine-Brazilian fires.
Gen. Eisenhower conferred with Gen.
Won der Becke while the Argentine gen.
eral was in this country and he knows
OF the threat to the hemisphere defense
program he so earnestly hopes to see
carried out. Even those few persons who
were critical of Gen Eisenhower's &C
tions in Western Europe during the war
conceded that he did an excellent lob
in ironing out differences among various
opposing Allied factions. 1t remains to
be seen if his visit to Brazil-whether
he confers on hemisphere problems or
not-can help repair our badly damaged
prestige in that important South Ameri-
can nation
Evening star., 1946-07-22
InteIIiqence as q Career

The Joint Committee which in
vestigated the Pearl Harbor disaster
has furnished additional evidence of
the wisdom of integrating and re-
organizing the Governments varied
intelligence activities. Such inte-
grafton and reorganization are in
process of being carried out under
authority of presidential directive
which created the Central Intelli-
gence Authority.
Pointing out that the intelligence
and war plans divisions of the Army
and Navy failed to evaluate the sig
nifcance of number of highly i'm
portant intercepted messages which
passed between Tokyo and Honolulu
just prior TO the December 7. 1941,
attack, the Joint Committee put its
finger on a longtime weakness of
the Army and Navy intelligence
agencies when it recommended that
intelligence be made career for
specially selected officers in both
services. Under the old system in
telligence was routine assignment
of brief duration. officers were
picked for this duty without partic-
ular regard for aptitude or other
specialized qualifications. There were
no full-fledged intelligence schools
to train officers for this duty.
The committee urges. therefore,
that intelligence officers be chosen
for their background. penchant
and capacity for such work" and
that they be kept on the job "for an
extended period of time in order
that they may become stepped in the
ramifications and refinements of
their field and employ this reservoir
of knowledge in evaluating material
received" Moreover-and this is
stipulation important to officers who
volunteer for the work-the assign
ment should in no way impede the
officers progress up the promotion
ladder.
1t is reassuring to know that most
of the reforms suggested by the
committee already have been ap-
proved by the military and naval
high commands. Intelligence schools
Evening star., 1946-07-22
De RevoIutionibus

The Library of Congress now has
on exhibition one of the rarest and
most important scientific works ever
to come from the hand of mana
copy of the original edition of the
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coeles-
tium of Nicolaus Copernicus. 1t is
one of total of eighty-two known
to exist and is in itself a remarkable
achievement in early publishing.
The date is 1913, on May "a in which
year the author died at seventy.
To people living four centuries
later the Importance of what Copper
nicus did is basic. His heliocentric
theory-that the earth moves around
the sun rather than the sun around
the earth-was revolutionary in a
sense that his title may not have
intended. 1t challenged not merely
the fixed astronomical ideas of the
clergy but likewise those of pro-
fesSional scientists The latter, in
common with the former, "stood pat"
on the authority of Aristotle, whose
word was law to Saint Thomas
Aquinas and the scholastics. From
1915 until 1758 De Revolutionibus
was on the index of prohibited read
ing because the generality of edu-
Gated persons wanted 1t there-not
arbitrarily because the church
thought it, contradicted the Scrip
lures.
That is another way of saying that
Copernicus was so far ahead of his
era that he was, in fact, out of place
in it. When finally humanity grew
up" to him Intellectually, all that
needed to be changed in his book
was a group of nine sentences in
which Copernicus had insisted that
his conclusions were certain" be-
yond question by anybody. He was
justified in being stubborn on that
point; but, as Thomas B. Reed de-
clared at Waterville, Maine, on July
30, 1885: 1--WE knew how dangerous
it Is to be right when the rest of the
world is wrong" Individuals who
think and feel and live beyond the
ordinary boundaries of their own
times very frequently have had
to pay penalty for their self
chosen isolation.
Evening star., 1946-07-22
Safeguarding Government

F1nQ1ngS OF the House SubcOm-
mittee on Civil Service In it's study
of methods for protecting the Gov
eminent against inroads by sub
rversive elements should give impetus
to belated efforts to forestall virtual
sollapse of the whole system for
checking on the criminal back
ground, if any, and the loyalty of
applicants for Federal employment.
The subcommittee's report fully sub
stantiates recent disclosures in The
Star and subsequently on the floor
Of the House regarding the almost
complete abandonment of civil
service pre-employment investiga-
tions because of lack of funds.
Because it was pressed for time
by the imminence of congressional
adjournment, the subcommittee was
unable to make the type of thor
oughgoing inquiry which the situa-
ton deserves. 1t recommended,
therefore, that a commission be
appointed at once to undertake such
m investigation and report its find
Angs to the next. Congress. The
group found the crisis sufficiently
alarming, however, to warrant
further step previously urged by The
Star, namely, immediate passage by
Congress of stop-gap legislation in
the form of emergency deficiency
appropriations to permit resumption
of fingerprinting and character
checkups on prospective employees.
This would mean additional funds
for both the Civil Service Commits
sion and the Federal Bureau of In
vestigation. The former will then
be able to continue the fingerprint-
ing of applicants and the F'BI will
be able to check these prints against
its criminal files and, in addition, to
make name check" of each ap-
plicant.
Beyond this, there are other loop
holes to be closed AS the subcom-
nittee discovered, there is no
.standard procedure for dismissing
employees already on the rolls who
may have loyalties other than to the
(Government they serve-a condition
(which Canada has found to exist in
even high official quarters. EN-
ployes dismissed as disloyal in one
department have even been re-em-
slployed by another department hav-
ing different standards for judging
=. loyalty. Such haphazard methods
are neither fair to the Government
nor to the suspected employe.
A commission like that proposed
In the report should be able to sug-
gest means for eliminating present
defects and strengthening the over
all safeguards against subversive
infltration. Recent developments
in the Canadian spy case and on this
side of the border suggest the neces-
sity of being more vigilant than ever.
This does not mean, of course, resort
to hysterical ch-hunting tactics.
Leaving the job to such established
agencies as the Civil Service Com
mission and the FBI would be
the best way of avoiding ire
sponsible witch hunts.
Evening star., 1946-07-22
NIGHT Ruin

Scarce Would ,De guess, in the grass
orotDn taller,
That rain. like secret midnight caller.
Came ,phile 1oe slept, t1hile ,De dreamed
1Dds gone,
Fled like a shado1o before the daWn
Sape that the rose lifts petals glo,ping
With pearls OF rain (or dewJ still sho,D-
ing:
Sape that the whispering grasses keep
A hidden toetness deep dotDn, doapn deep
Till all can guess ,11aom the earth Is
shielding
Who made her so Darn,, so yielding,
yielding
ETHEL BARNETT DE VITO.
Evening star., 1946-07-22

have been established by both serv-
ices with view to training special
lists. Coordination of Army, Navy
and State Department intelligence
activities is being effected by the
Central Intelligence Authority. One
handicap remains, however - in
adequate appropriations. Congress
should implement the recommended
tions of its Joint Committee by
supplying the funds necessary to
place American intelligence at least
on par with the best of foreign
intelligence services.
Evening star., 1946-07-22

cial stringency of the Philippine
government hinders the reconstruc-
ton that must precede stability and
prosperity. The Hukbalahap dis
turbances are thus symptom
rather than a primary cause.
Evening star., 1946-07-22
A Needed Box Score
From the Daily Oklahoman.

From the Daily Oklahoman.
If there were only some way to figure
the oficial averages Of public officials, as
the batting and fielding averages of
baseball players are figured, it would be
so easy to pass an intelligent judgment
on candidates for reelection.
Evening star., 1946-07-22

The Child Endowment Act in
Australia during the past five years
has resulted in "appreciably better
food, clothing and education" for
nearly million children. But has
it made the little darlings any better
behaved than they would have been
without the government as a foster
Evening star., 1946-07-22

Appeals for Aged Dependents
To the Editor The Star:
God forbid that should say one word
or DO one thing that would hinder o,r
efforts to relieve those who are hungry
IN Europe. But let us also take a look
at conditions in our Nations Canital
"here we have many old men and
women who no longer are able tn earn
livelihood and must depend on the
help OF our Government to supply their
needs.
nave come in contact with numbers
OF men and women who receive old-aee
pensions and I find them destitute,
They receive monthly checks of s3o tn
S4o, as case workers may decide. Out Of
this $50 or $40 they must pay rent or
board, and buy their food If not board
ing. 1t Is impossible to get room for
less than $25 per month. They must
ouy their clothes and other items. At
the present cost of living it is impossible
to make ends meet.
Have we not one man or woman in
our Capital City who will take this
issue up with the proper oficials-if
necessary take it to the White House
to relieve the suffering of those who
are helpless?
REV. WILLIAM W. MUTCHLER.
Arlington Co. School Needs
To the Editor The Star:
The decadent Arlington County
school system has been the subject of
considerable space in the papers in re-
cent months, but Mr.. Kemp, superin-
tendent, still maintains a position of
indecision on what, If anything, should
be done to improve it.
Arlington County is the home of
thousands of well-educated, progress
sive citizens who want adequate pub
lie education for their children and are
willing to pay for it. AS matter of
fact, it is the income of these people
who have moved here which provides
the wherewithal for the development of
business and real estate in Arlington.
Therefore, it should be to the interest
OF Arlington County public officials as
well as business and civic organizations
to see that Arlington County provide
living conditions and educational facili-
ties adequate enough to make Arlington
County a desirable place to live, own
property and trade in.
MRS. M. L. CAMPBELL.