davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal., 1946-03-22
DIPLOMACY:
Crack DOtUn

First evidence Of a stiffening of
u. S. policy toward Russia was con-
tanned in the state Department.
warning that this country could
not remain Indifferent to the Reds
refusal to withdraw from Iran in
accordance with an agreement
made in 1912 and reaffirmed at
Teheran.
Oil-rich, Iran has been prominent
In the news since its northwestern
province Of Azerbajain moved for
local self-rule and Russian troops
prevented efforts of the central
government to quel the revolt. Dur
ing negotiations between Russia and
Iran for withdrawal Of Red forces
from the country, Moscow was said
to have pressed for oil concessions,
held exclusively by the U. s. and
Britain.
While the state departments note
to Russia emphasized that this
country could not sit idly by while
tri-partite agreements affecting an
other nations sovereignty were bro
ken, it urged the Reds to retire to
promote the confidence necessary
for fostering world peace.
Having pressed the Russians on
the Iranian situation, the state de-
partment followed with another pro-
test to Moscow over the Reds loot
mg Of Japanese industries in Man.
Nhuria and their efforts to set up a
joint Russian-Sino economic rule
over the province to the exclusion
of other nations.
The midland journal., 1946-03-22

sure mortgages of ex-G.I.s by one
billion dollars, and set ceiling prices
on new homes.
BROTHERHOOD:
Truman Plea
With former Prime Minister Win
ston Churchills plea for a U. S.
British military alliance posing the
question of American adoption of
the proposal or continued adherence
to the United Nations Organization
for maintaining world peace, Presi-
dent Truman stood by UNO in an
address before the Federal Council
of Churches in America at Column
bus, Ohio.
Though sponsoring Churchill's
speech at Fulton, Mo-, Mr.. Truman
apparently intended to await public
reaction to the proposal before TAX
ing a position himself. Meanwhile,
the President avowed complete sup
port to UNO, declaring that this
country expected to defend it and
work for it's perfection along with
the other member nations.
In addressing the 500 delegates,
representing rs million Protestants,
Mr.. Truman declared that only
through the observance of Christian
principles could any mechanism for
peace be successful. Extending the
thought to domestic affairs, he as
serted that only through religious
fervor could the country develop a
social program designed to meet
the needs of the mass of people.
In considering the church's posi-
ton in the postwar world, the coun-
Gil unanimously adopted resolu-
tion condemning any form of racial
segregation.
Presenting the resolution, DR..
Henry Sloane Coffin, noted Presbyte-
rian theologian, raped church Or
CARNATIONS themselves for practic-
ing discrimination against Negro
and other minority groups. Many
church supported hospitals, schools
and theological seminaries were
guilty of the offense in varying de-
grees, he said, and some churches
themselves refused to hire people on
racial or other grounds.
The midland journal., 1946-03-22
IDENTIFICATION:
Germans Help


trial of between 100000 and
100000 Germans charged with
Naziism, U. S. military authorities
approved law promulgated by
provincial governments of the
American occupation zone providing
for prosecution of suspects in
local courts.
Applicable to the U. S. zone only,
the new procedure is expected to al
low rapid disposition of pending
cases and removal of much of the
uncertainty affecting sectional
economy. Germans hope that con-
victed persons might be substituted
for war prisoners presently en-
ployed as forced labor by the Allies.
To be tried by anti-Nazi prosecu-
tors and three-man tribunals, de-
PENDANTS will be classified into four
broad categories, including major
offenders, active promoters Of Hit
lerism, youthful adherents and
nominal party members who joined
the movement for business or social
convenience. While penalties for
major offenders and active pro-
moters include forced labor, confis-
cation of property and restriction on
employment privileges, the other
groups would be subject to occupa-
tional curbs and fines.
STRIKE:
Crisis BretUing
AS the CIO-United Automobile
Workers strike against General Mo-
tors proceeded through its fourth
month, pressure grew for settlement
of the walkout to avert crisis re-
sulting from the prolonged idleness
of 175,000 production employees.
With the union and management
remaining one big cent apart from
agreement on wages and both sides
indicating no inclination to bulge,
the city of Detroit appealed to
President Truman to personally
intervene because the strike was
seriously impairing the economic
life Of the community. To provide
funds for growing relief applica-
tions, the city authorized an appro-
priation of f.$400,000.
Increasing bitterness developed
between the UAW and GIN. over
the company's refusal to 60 above
its offer Of an 1874 cent an hour
wage increase or submit the issue
of paying 1914 cents to an impair
tial arbitrator. With the UAW con-
vention scheduled for March % to
81, union spokesmen charged that
the company hoped to prolong the
strike to create dissatisfaction over
present officials and open the way
for their custer.
The midland journal., 1946-03-22
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Ii. S. Cracks Down on Russia;
British Loan Called Trade Aid;
Modify Emergency Housing Bill

Released by Western Newspape Union
The midland journal., 1946-03-22

the purchase of new dwellings; in
crease the FHA's resources to in
sure mortgages of ex-G.1.s by one
billion dollars, and set ceiling prices
on new homes.
The midland journal., 1946-03-22

To keep uncooked meat in re-
frigerator, place it in dry dish
with loose-fitting lid; cooked
meat should be covered tightly to
prevent drying.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
by the Associated Press

LONDON, Feb. 23.-Reuters
said in a dispatch from Poona
India. today that Mohandas X
Gandhi had appealed to his
countrymen in India to stop
this thoughtless orgy of vio-
lence."
In his first declaration since re-
bellion and mutiny swept Bombay
and other Indian cities, the spiritual
leader of India's millions of un-
touehables was quoted by Reuters as
saying:
"The mutiny in the Navy and what
Is following is not in any sense of
the term, nonviolent action.
Let it not be said that the India
of Congress Indian National Con-
gress party) spoke to the world of
winning swaraj (home rule) through
nonviolent action and belied her
Evening star., 1946-02-23
BY the Associoted Press

Capitol Hill gulped today at
the House leadership decision
to take up a retirement benefit
plan for members of Congress
Many members thumbed calen-
dars and pondered the proximity
of the fall elections as soon as they
learned from Majority Leader Nc
Cormack that the legislation will
reach the House floor next We'd
nesday.
They could take some solace
however, in the finding of the House
Civil Service Committee that the
bill would give Senators and Rep
resentatives Cabinet members tool
only that which they have earned
and paid for, and not something for
nothing
The committee fatty denied the
benefits contemplated in the bill OF
Representative Vinson, Democrat,
of Georgia, are pensions"
That word. it seems, has come
to have unpleasant connotations on
the Hill when applied to the Ma
tion's lawmakers.
Anyhow, a good many members
recall the laundering protests and
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Naval Board Probes
Wilkinson Drowninu

The death of Vice Admiral Theo-
dore Stark Wilkinson was being
investigated today by a three-man
Naval Board convened in Norfolk
by Rear Admiral w. L. Ainsworth
commandant of the 5th Naval Dis
trict, the Associated Press reported
Admiral Wilkinson was drowned
Thursday when the borrowed auto
mobile he was driving plunged into
the Elizabeth River from a Nor
folk-Portsmouth ferry.
Naval attaches said the board
probably would take three days to
complete its study. 1t was expected
the finding would be made public.
Admiral Wilkinson's body arrived
here by steamer today for fuperal
services at 1880 am. Monday in
st. Johns Episcopal Church and
burial with full military honors in
Arlington Cemetery.
Mrs. Wilkinson, who was pushed
from the car by her husband Just
before it struck the water, returned
to Washington by plane last night.
She had been treated for shock
and exposure at Norfolk General
Hospital.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Soviet Tanker Broken
In Two OFF A|eutians
By the Associated Press

KETCHIKAN, Alaska, Feb. 23.-
Rescue vessels fought the stormy
North Pacific today for the second
time this month to save persons
aboard shattered ship-this time
the Russian tanker Donbass, in dis
tress south of the Aleutians.
A second Russian tanker, uniden-
titled, removed % persons, including
five women, from the wallowing
after section of the Donbass. An
other "a were left aboard to aid in
efforts to tow the section to Adak
Island. Sixteen more, including the
master, were af1oat on the forward
portion at last reports.
Two weeks ago a feet of rescue
lcraft saved 485 persons from the
liner Yukon after it had gone
aground in Johnstone Bay, south
of Seward, Alaska.
How the Donbass came to grief
had not yet been learned, but the
district Coast Guard Office here said
it learned the disaster occurred Feb
ruary II. The Donbass, commanded
by Capt. Goginov, left Long Beach,
Calf, February Z, bound for Vladi-
vostock, with capacity cargo OF
gasoline. The Russian tanker Bel
gorod left Los Angeles February 10
on the same route.
An estimate from Los Angeles
placed the crew total at around e6.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
u. S. Funds Sought for Granite
Covering for Monument

Congress will be asked for an
appropriation to cover the marble
Washington Monument from base to
tip with "fine white granite" to
preserve the shaft from deteriora-
tion, the Washington National Mon
ument Society decided at its annual
meeting yesterday at the Raleigh
Hotel.
This program replaces a previous
plan of the society designed to have
only the lower $50 feet Of the
exterior surface of the monument
cut back about inches and replaced
with veneer of better marble to
correspond with the marble placed
above that level in 1888. The monu-
ment was constructed in two sections
of two different types of marble.
William r. Harr, secretary of the
society, explained In q report that
the first plan would have cost about
$3.50, 900 before the war, but now
would cost about $500, 600.
Replacement with granite, A. e.
Demaray, acting director Of the Ma
tional Capital Park Service. told the
Evening star., 1946-02-23
vinson Prepares Bill
For Volunteer Army
To Replace Draft
Naval Affairs Chuirmun
Proposes Doubling Pay
Of Occupation Forces
By the Associated Press

A bill designed to halt the
draft by creating a special oc-
cupation army of volunteers has
been prepared by Chairman
Vinson of the House Naval At
fairs Committee.
Mr.. Vinson told newsmen today
that he will introduce the measure
next week. 1t would authorize q
volunteer corps of 100000 men to
handle occupation duties in foreign
countries, and would seek to en-
courage enlistment by special in
ducements. These would:
l. Offer enlistees free transpor-
tation to and from home for yearly
30-day furlough.
2. Provide free transportation to
and from home for the enlistee's
family, with limit of one round
trip.
3. Double the base pay. of en-
listed men and warrant officers in
the group.
Those eligible would be men be-
tween 18 and So years of age. Terms
of service would be from two to six
years.
IF my plan is adopted there will
be no necessity for continuing the
draft beyond May 49," Mr.. Vinson
declared in an interview.
He said, if necessary, the draft
might be extended for 30-day Pc
RODS beyond that date until the plan
got fully under way.
"As jobs get more difficult to find
men will be glad to have the oppor-
tunity to see the world at double the
pay an Army man regularly gets,
he added.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
picture on Page AL

Two thousand chicks with an un-
certain future remained in the Rail-
Way Express Agency warehouse
here today because no one would
accept the shipments, consigned in
equal shares to President Truman
and Secretary of Agriculture Ander-
son.
An attempt was made to deliver
half the chicks to the White House
Garage, 1884 L street NV, but en-
ployes refused to accept them, ex-
planning they had no authority to
take such a shipment. At the White
House, it was said nothing was
known about the chicks except what
had been read in newspapers or
picked up through inquiries made to
the Executive Mansion.
President Truman is on Potomac
River cruise and Eben Ayers, assist
ant press secretary, said the Presi.
dent is not aware of the chicken In
cident. He said he did not know
what the President would decide.
The chicks were sent to the Presi-
dent and the Secretary of Agricul-
ture by an unhappy Indiana hatch.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Macarthur Orders Arrest
OF II More Jap Suspects
By the Associated Press

TOKYO, Feb. 23.-Gen. Mac
Arthur told the Japanese govern
ment today he is not satisfied with
its measures for dissolution of the
zaibatsu and ordered it to arrest 27
more minor suspected war criminals.
Maj. S. w. Wheeler of Beecher-
town, Mass, head of the Cartels Di-
vision of Gen. MacArthur's eco
nomic and scientific section, said
more concerns than the 19 originally
designated by the Allied commander
in his Zaibatsu dissolution directive
may be affected.
The n war crimes suspects or
dered delivered "at the earliest
practicable date" to Sugamo Prison
included Navy Capt. Koreshige
Inuzlka, former commander of a
naval garrison unit in the Philip
pines; Navy Capt. Kenji Iwataka,
formerly stationed at Truk, and
Navy 1t. Hideo Suzuki, formerly
stationed at Manila.
Some of the suspects will be taken
to Manila or the Marianas for trial
for offenses allegedly committed
there.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Capitol Hill NervousIy Awaits
Congress Retirement Poy Bill
Members Feel Claim Is Just, but Fear
Effect on Voters in Elections This Fall

Bundles for Congress" campaign
produced some years back when a
similar plan passed the House. That
measure died in the Senate.
Mr.. Wilson's bill calls for volun-
tary participation for members of
Congress and executive department
heads in the existing Federal retire.
ment system. They would pay S
per cent of their salaries. That
would be $500 year for Senate and
House members, each of whose
annual salary pay is $4,000.
Before being eligible for benefits
each would have to pay in at least
$2,500. Having done that a man SIS
years of age could retire at $418 a
year. A man having served IS years
in Congress and having paid the
$500 minimum could retire at rs
years of age with income of $3,7l2.
Mr.. Vinson has argued the plan
gives members of Congress less lib
eral retirement benefits than Fed
eral judges or generals or admirals
and ''eleyates Congress to the proper
degree of the career recognition it
deserves"
4 Some members nave said the bill
benefits most the oldtimers in Con-
gress and those pretty sure Of being
repeatedly reelected.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
1000 Chicks Are Homeless:
White House Declined Gift, Too

eryman as his method of protesting
Government requests for reduction
in poultry flocks.
Mr.. Anderson, without moments s
hesitation, refused to accept the
shipment. The Railway Express
Agency said that another attempt
would be made today to make de-
livery, which is routine with the
express company. If it is unsuccess-
full the chicks will be returned to
the shipper.
Don't worry about the chicks y
said a man in the superintendent S
Office, "We know how to take care
of them"
The chicks are sent as presents,
but there is $40 C. o. d. shipment
charge on each consignment. Will
liam Lathrop, the chicken hatcher
from Richmond, Ind, said he sent
the chicks to President Truman
and Secretary Anderson "just to
see what they would do with them 2
However, it isn't likely that either
Mr.. Truman or Secretary Anderson,
will do anything with the chicks.
Anybody Nsnt to 60 in the chicken
raising busiuess7
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Legislature Censures
Indian Governments
Handling of Mutiny
BY the Assoeiuted Press

NEW DELHI, Feb. 23.-The
Central Legislative Assembly
adopted, 74-40, today a motion
of censure charging the govern
ment with mishandling the
strike of Royal Indian Navy sea-
men in Bombay, Karachi and
other centers.
Philip Mason, secretary Of
war in the Indian government,
announced there would be two
inquiries into the strike-one
military and another legislative.
Mr.. Mason assured the legis-
lators there would be no mass
punishment or victimization of
strikers, but said the govern
ment reserved the right to act
against those who must have
misled" the men.
The government, he said, was
aware of the electric atmos-
phere" in India.
Evening star., 1946-02-23

meeting, would cost no more than
marble.
Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant III, chair
man Of the National Capital Park
and Planning Commission and a
member of the society, also favored
substitution Of white granite for
marble. He suggested asking an ap-
oropriation from Congress to cover
the entire project, instead Of doing
the work piecemeal. Gen. Grant
doubted If the present budget for
construction work in the District
could be expanded to cover the
project.
THE proper goal has been set,
however" Mr.. Harr said, regardless
of whether the appropriation is to
be obtained by special legislation or
the usual budget method.
Visitors to the Monument last
year, Mr.. Dem,aray reported, totaled
sos ,667, an increase Of 57,676 over
last year and bringing the grand
total for all time to 20,329, ,059.
Cash revenue from the 10-cent
(See MONUMENT, Page A-100
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Bombay
Riots Continue;:
Muiny Que||ed
210 Reported Killed
In 3-Doy Disorder;
New Strikes Occur
BY the kssocioted Press

BOMBAY, Feb. 23.-The Brit
ish announced breaking of the
Royal Indian Navy mutiny both
ashore and afoat at Bombay to-
day amid continuing civil dis
orders. Strikes developed here
and in Calcutta.
Casualties in Bombay since the
beginning of the riots Thursday
were estimated from city hospital
reports to total 210 killed and more
than 1900 injured. OF these, rs
civilians were killed and $50 in
jured today up to pm. $3.50 am.
EST. Two constables were killed
and so policemen were wounded.
British troops and Indian police
battled street mobs.
ION the whole" said a British
communique issued in Bombay, "the
situation shows improvement. To-
day rioting occurred in some areas
of the city and there has been SER
tous rioting in the mill area"
General headquarters in New
Delhi announced that the striking
Indian seamen, numbering almost
10000, both in barricaded barracks
in Bombay and aboard score of
small war vessels in the harbor had
yielded unconditionally at am.
Q0:30 pm. Friday Night E. S. T0 !
Air Force Men Won't Work.
A communique issued later by 1t.
Gen. r. M. Lockhart's advanced
headquarters here said the mutt
neer-held vessels had signified
their desire to surrender uncon-
ditionally." The seamen were as
sured by high naval officer that
there would be no vindictive treat
ment of individuals involved, it said.
The bulletin added that 1900 Royal
Indian Air Force men were still re-
fusing to work, but that there had
been no incidents involving them.
About 100000 Indian workers were
reported involved in the Bombay
and Calcutta strikes. These were
called in sympathy with the Indian
naval strikers, who have sought in
creased pay, better food, disciplinary
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Gondhi Calls on India to Halt
'7houghtIess Orgy of Violence
4 Hindu-Moslem Combination for Action
Bod for Country and World, He Says

words in action-and that too at q
critical period in her life.
"Inasmuch as a single person is
compelled to. shout jai hind (vic-
tory for India) or any popular slo-
gan, a nail is driven into the coffin
of swaraj.
THE looting and burning of tram
cars and other property. the insult
ing and injuring of Europeans is
not non-violence of the Congress
type, much less of mine" Gan
dhi asserted.
Let the known and unknown
leaders Of the thoughtless ogy of
violence know what they are doing
and then follow their bent.
"As it is they are setting bad
and unbecoming example for India.
"The combination between Hindus,
Moslems and others for the purpose
of violent action is unholy. 1t will
lead and probably is a preparation
for mutual violence-bad for India
and the world"
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Truman 10 Remain Aboard
Yacht for Week End

The presidential yacht Williams
burg with President Truman and
several members Of the White
House staff aboard was due back
at the Naval Gun Factory shortly
after noon today, and the President
planned to repeat his program of
the last weekend, and remain
aboard and work.
Mr.. Truman will be joined on the
yacht tomorrow by Mrs. Truman
and their daughter Margaret for
a Sunday cruise on the Potomac.
The President and his party left
here yesterday morning, but the
White House today had received
no details on the trip.
Evening star., 1946-02-23
Yamashita Is Hanged
In Cane Field; Body
Sewn Up in Canvas
Lost Words Are Prayer
For Emperor; z Others
Also Die on GuIIows
by the Associated pv~s,

MANILA, Feb. 23.-Gen. Tom
oyuki Yamashita. one time be-
medalled conqueror of Singa-
pore, was hanged on a flood
lighted gallows before dawn to-
day as a Japanese war criminal,
wearing patched and slouchy
American khaki fatigues.
His last words prayer "for the
Emperor's long life," the despoiler
of Manila died in disgrace at 3:02
am. in cane field along with two
subordinates. His body was sewed
up IN canvas and he was carted away
to nameless grave among soldiers
whose misdeeds sealed his doom.
Denounced by Gen. Macarthur as
having failed utterly his soldiers
faith" the stolid, 60-year- old man
had been stripped of his uniform
and all military appurtenances be-
fore he was executed 80 miles south
east of Manila near Los Banos,
where his soldiers year ago
butchered 1000 Filipino civilians.
Two Others Hanged.
Two convicted torturers, a lieu
tenant colonel who once headed the
dreaded Japanese secret police in
the Philippines and a civilian inter-
prefer, shared with him q death
considered the most shameful by
their countrymen.
Yamashita and his subordinates
would have preferred to die before
a firing squad, fate awaiting 1t.
Gen. Masahara Homma for con-
doning such atrocities as the death
march on Bataan.
Yamashita, whose soldiers ran
wild in defeat in 1914 and 1945 in
losing the Philippines after HON.
mas men had opened the way to
conquest in 1912, walked up the 13
steps to the scaffold in company
with Buddhist priest.
Il will pray for the Emperor's
long life and his prosperity forever" !"
were his last words.
Prepared Statement.
But, earlier, when the execution
orders had been read to him, he had
prepared a statement. Given out
in broken English by an interpreter,
it was a mixture of self-defense
and gratitude:
Il was carrying out my duty as
Japanese high commander of the
Japanese Army in the Philippine
Islands. I don't ashame in
front of God for what I have done
when I have died. I" have had a
good treatment, kindful attitude
from your good-natured officers.
I don't blame by executioners
I will pray God bless them"
While 10000 of his beaten soldiers
slept in stockades of the Luzon No.
l prison camp near Los Banos,
Yamashita had been led away
quietly from an inner compound so
secretly and silently as to forestall
any possible demonstration.
With him from the barbed-wire
inclosure went 1t. Col. Seichi Ohta,
whose Kempei Tai Ohought police
once made arrests even for what a
helpless suspect might be thinking.
The third doomed man was Hakuma
nervousness replacing his
one time gayety in the presence of
his guards.
Butchery Recalled.
Out past the sentry towers with
their alert machine gunners the
party proceeded. Then to a weed
covered cane field not far from the
Los Banos internment camp. A spec
tacular rescue a year ago of Allied
(See YAMASHITA. Page A.3l