davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-15
Argentine Lockout

Under the man -biteS-dog" for
mula, the nation wide lockout which
has begun in Argentina is an espe-
cially newsworthy event. BY virtu-
ally unanimous agreement, Argen-
tine manufacturers. industrialists
and businessmen are staging a
three-day shutdown which involves
a practically complete paralysis of
the nations economic life.
What makes this action especially
notable is that it is not a struggle
between capital and labor. Basi-
cally, it is political demonstration
against the arbitrary action of the
Farrell government decreeing a
blanket Is per cent increase in
wages, coupled with an annual bonus
amounting to one months pay. This
action is obviously a device to favor
the presidential candidacy of Colo
mel Juan D. Peron, who is posing as
the archfriend of labor. The en-
ployers maintain that this decree is
unconstitutional and are appealing
to the supreme court, which the
military dictatorship has not yet
dared to suppress. In order to en-
phasiZe the political nature of their
protest, the employers are paying
their employees for the three days
absence from work which the lock-
out involves.
The outcome of this test of strength
is, OF course, dependent upon several
factors. A minority of Argentine
labor, especially the skilled unions,
recognize the governments decree
for what it really is-a demagogic
device to entrench a totalitarian
regime which would ultimately regi-
ment and dominate labor as in Nazi
Germany, Fascist Italy and Com
munist Russia. However, the mass
of workers apparently gladly takes
what is offered and has rallied to
Peron as labor's friend" The gen.
eral public will be hard hit by an
economic paralysis which closes even
food stores, to say nothing of all
amusements and ordinary shops.
All this might embolden the govern
ment to carry out its limited threat
OF selzing and operating at least the
larger industrial and commercial
establishments. This would become
the more likely if the employers
should prolong their demonstrat ton
beyond three days. as has been
limited as possibility On the other
hand, if public sympathy shows it
self predominantly against the gov
ernment, it may be compelled to
allow its decree to be suspended
pending court review, as the en-
ployerS demand.
Behind this specific test of strength
is the essentially revolutionary at
moSphere which pervades Argentina.
There can be little doubt that
majority of at least the urban popu-
lation of the country, concentrated
in the BuenoS Aires metropolitan
area, is against the dictatorship and
desirous of recovering its constitu-
tional liberties. But the army and
police force appear to be under
control of the present government,
which works hand in glove with
Colonel Peron.
Evening star., 1946-01-15
Armenian Views Set Forth

To the Editor OF The Star:
The claim that "Kars and Ardahan
have been Turkish throughout CEN
turies," as asserted by Nuzhet Baba,
press attache of the Turkish Embassy,
is Misrepresentation
Ami, the capital of Armenia, is in the
state OF Kars, all in ruins, still beauti-
full, still standing as a monumental
proof Of Turkish vandalism.
The second claim that Turks
(Armenians) constitute lh per cent of
the population is another misrepresen-
tation. Armenians were 10000 900
strong in that section of the country.
But through systematic destruction
once in every 10 years-Armenians now
are 100000 strong.
Let me explain that there is no Turk
ish nation. as we know nation. In
reality there Is conglomeration Of
races, tribes, clans, who claim to be
Turks, but they cling to their ancestral
customs, traditions and teachings.
The only bond holding Turkey to-
gether is the military department.
When the boundaries of Armenia are
extended to include all Armenian states
Armenians will come forward in such
numbers and strength that 1t will sur
prise the Armenians themselves. Arme-
mans are the most stubborn against be-
ing Turkified. That Is why they have
suffered the most M.M.M
Evening star., 1946-01-15

mittee of liberation" wants abolished
exist In every army in the world in
cluding the Russian Army. Those who
have attended dinners in the Red Army
officers clubs were astounded at the
number Of courses and drinks served by
the orderlies to the rank" and their
guests. They were told that while the
enlisted personnel received wholesome
but extremely simple fare, luxuries were
reserved for the Officers' Corps.
The demand that officers clubs should
be open to all-officers and men alike
unquestionably resulted from the fact
that the committee" does not know
that the officers clubs are kept up for
commissioned personnel out of their own
pockets. The club and recreation facili-
ties of the enlisted men are paid for by
the United States Government.
The privileges of the officers and men
are said to have been scrupulously OBJ
served in France. For instance, recrea-
ton and rest camps were organized for
the officers at Nice, on the Riviera.
Exactly the same arrangements were
made for the enlisted at Cannes, and
no officer under the rank of general was
allowed to enter the camp there with
out special pass.
So long as certain discipline--such
as compulsory saluting-is enforced in
wartime, the mixing of officers and men
in the same place would be nuisance
The men could not 'let themselves CO."
would have to be careful about but
toning up their uniforms when on the
street and certain restraint would in
evitably exist. This restraint is not
caused by any social differences" be-
tween the commissioned and noncom-
missioned ranks, but by the exigencies
of discipline. Many officers in the A. u S.
are former soda clerks or garage me-
chanics while college graduates, lawyers
and scions of families whose names are
in the social register are in the non
commissioned ranks.
If the officers clubs at all posts were
thrown open to the enlisted men as the
Paris committee" demands, the enlisted
men who receive only $50 month would
have to pay, besides the $40 initiation
fee, s21 a month for the mess and an
other amount for the upkeep of the
clubs.
There is no question that the present
system of admission at West Point and
Annapolis, which requires the nomina-
ton of the candidate from his Con-
gresham, is antiquated. Under the
present system it is difficult for young
man with mo political connection" to
get in either academy. The proposition
supported by both services that these
academies should be open to any one
who passes competitive examination
would easily do away with the political
angle" in the Army and the Navy.
Evening star., 1946-01-15
A Foolish Strike

The strike by taxicab drivers affll-
lated with one of the two taXicab
unions seems to represent a state
of mind, in keeping with the times,
rather than any rational protest
against alleged injustices. Certainly
it would be difficult for the striking
drivers to devise a more effective
method of alternating public SYM
pathy. The president of the non-
striking union is correct in calling
the demonstration stupid.
If the strike is aimed at the Public
Utilities Commission, it is a foolish
gesture. Whatever action the COM
mission eventually may take in try
ing to find remedy for some of the
ihequities attached to zone and
group-riding fares, the commission
is not going to act under duress.
The strike is designed to delay,
rather than expedite any readjust-
ment that might be made.
There are over $500 licensed
tayicabs now in Washington and
there probably are more than 5000
licensed drivers. Some of the drivers
are affiliated with the two unions,
others have retained that rugged
individualism for which the drivers
have established a recognized repu-
tadon. The taxicab business is a
public utility, but in dealing with it
the Public Utilities Commission is
dealing with almost as many little
independent utilities as there are
taxicabs. To get at the facts in the
dispute over zone and group riding
fares is about as complicated as the
existing rate and zone structure.
The commission is correct in want
ing to be sure that whatever is done,
in the way of changes, is fair.
In the meantime, the commission
and the police should be on the alert
against abuse, by a few of the
drivers, of the privileges represented
in their licenses. Some of the
drivers have used the "Off Duty"
signs to ride around and picket the
drivers who stay on the job. Others
are accused of making threats in
hope of intimidating working drivers.
Such acts should be sufficient ground
for license revocation.
Washington taxicab drivers are a
sensible lot of men, for the most
part, and the great majority un-
doubtedly are opposed to tactics
which accomplish nothing but harm
for all of them.
Evening star., 1946-01-15
Our Postwar Novy

AT his press conference the other
day, Fleet Admiral Nimitz, new Chief
Of Naval Operations, touched upon
many subjects, and so did several of
his distinguished deputies, but all
the different observations and re-
marks had single basic meaning
namely, that the United States Navy
does not propose to rest on the
laurels it won so brilliantly during
the Second World War.
First of all, in keeping with a pro-
posal already approved by the House
Naval Affairs Committee, Admiral
Nimitz and his staff are planning to
maintain the Nations postwar sea
power in three separate classical
tions-an active feet of 319 combat
vessels, ready reserve" of 73, and
an inactive fleet of 687, plus thou
sands of auxiliaries. This strength,
with a personnel of about $4,000
officers and men, is designed to give
us Navy-with special emphasis on
hard-hitting carrier task forces
unmatched by any combination of
countries in order to serve not only
our own security but also the inter
national effort to maintain lasting
peace.
Mere numbers and tonnage, how
ever, will not be the main interest
of the Navy. According to Admiral
Nimitz, the plans that he and his
staff have in mind will involve con-
slant activity to keep our sea power
qualitatively up to the minute in
tactics and strategy no less than in
equipment. Thus, elaborate prep
arationS are being made to subject
large feet next summer to the
appalling destructive force of the
revolutionary atomic bomb, a test to
be conducted jointly by the Navy,
Army and civilian scientists. SINH
larly, experiments are to be made
with other radical new weapons, and
everything learned in that fashion
is to be utilized promptly to keep our
naval strength as modern and eff
cient as possible.
In other words, the United States
Navy, despite its unparalleled great
ness in the war just ended, is not to
stand still or be satisfied with how
it operates now, but is instead to
move steadily against the onset of
strategical, tactical and material
obsolescence. In other peacetime
days, our naval high command may
have been unimaginative, compla-
| cent, slave to tradition. but it is
Evening star., 1946-01-15
Sunlight Tiptoeinq

Sunlight tiptoeing on this nsountainside
Flashes its jewels back into a sky
Deep iris blue. Ho,D could sinner hide
His 1oickedneSS from this dU-searchino
eye?
Repeating its song in a nearby pond.
1t joins the choir OF the sno,D- D-born
streams;
They seem to sing purity beyond
Mere human thoughts - beyond all
human dreams.
And I, ,Uho l0orked ,Dith calloused hands.
look on,
Remembering the many times rue
heard
Earth's uoice in sunsets, in the frst
gray da,Dn,
In netU- -plouohed fields or phere ths
night ha,Dk Dhirred,
Knotping that mortals pass as light and
sound,
While beauty Hues joreoer In the ground.
CULLEN JONES.
Evening star., 1946-01-15
Lovejoy Memorial

Announcement of plans for the
erection of a hall and the endow-
ment Of a chair Of journalism at
Colby College in remembrance of
Elijah Parish Lovejoy naturally
prompts renewed interest in his
short but dramatic career. He seems
to have been destined for martyr
dom, so intense were his convictions,
so passionate his beliefs. The thirty
five years of his life were crowded
with activity. Looking back over
the story, latter-day observer can
not avoid thinking that he was
possessed of twice the spiritual
energy Of an ordinary person. He
'burAt the candle at both ends"
accordingly, and it is not to be
wondered that he perished in the
blaze.
Lovejoy was born at Albion,
Maine, November 9. 1902. His father
was clergyman and his younger
brother Owen a famous libertarian.
Elijah appears to have been named
prophetically. From boyhood on
ward, he brimmed with compelling
zeal for righteousness. Graduated
at what then was known as Water
vile in 1925, he taught school for
few months, then journeyed to
st. Louis to edit Whig newspaper.
But evangelism was in his blood
and he could not rest. In quest of
license to preach, he returned East,
enrolled in the seminary at Prince
ton and by April, 1888, had qualified
for the pulpit and been appointed
editor of the st. Louis Observer,
a Presbyterian weekly. That publi-
cation under his direction shortly
was enlisted in a crusade against
slavery, intemperance and allegedly
alien influences in American affairs.
Protests inevitably multiplied" and
rather than moderate his tone"
Lovejoy moved to Alton, Illinois, in
1896.
His neighbors in his new home
were opposed to the slave system,
but few of them wanted immediate
emancipation. 1t was as an uncom-
promising abolitionist organ, how
ever, that Elijah launched the Alton
Observer. His first press was dumped
in the river, second and a third
likewise were destroyed. When a
fourth arrived from Ohio, it was
locked up in a warehouse under
guard. An armed mob tried to burn
the building. In the melee Lovejoy
was shot dead. Within few short
weeks his legend spread to the
uttermost limits of the American
continent as we'll as to Canada and
Europe. In effect, he was a fore
runner of John Brown of Osawa-
tonne.
Now, more than a century after
Evening star., 1946-01-15
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brown

The creation last Sunday in Paris of
a CT committee of liberation" demand
ing not only the dismissal of Secretary
OF War Patterson but also the abolition
OF officers privileges" demonstrates
how the American soldiers abroad are
being misled by propagandists who take
advantage of their ignorance of the
actual situation regarding officers in the
American Army.
The committees demand that regular
officers serve at least one year in the
ranks as enlisted men apparently is the
echo of the propagandists who for some
time have been requesting that the off,
GERS corps be drawn from the ranks OF
the enlisted men.
cratic basis ever has adopted this sys-
tenn. After the fall of the absolute
monarchy in France, an officers school
was established in 1903 in the former
Convent of Saint Cyr near Paris. Young
men with the equivalent of high school
education and belonging to all social
classes were entitled to take competitive
examinations to enter the school, which
commissioned them into the army as
regular officers after two-year course
The British have similar system for
Sandhurst, where any young man who
passes competitive examination Is ad-
mitted to follow the courses and become
an officer in the regular army.
Such system as proposed by the GIs
has been in use in Germany since the
days OF Frederick the Great. Any young
man who wanted to get commission
enlisted in the army. After serving six
months as "Faehenjunker'- special
designation for an officer candidate
he went to military school for three
months and returned to his unit as a
sergeant-"Faeh served in
the ranks for another nine months. At
the end of that period he went to a
higher military school and on gradua-
ton was commissioned in the army.
This system lasted throughout Hitler's
regime. The only difference in the old
and new systems was that under the
empire certain guards and cavalry regi-
ments accepted only members of the
nobility while under Hitler the young
candidates had to pass Nazi loyalty
tests.
The propagandists in the ranks of the
American Army also are attempting to
exploit the system of officers messes as
"undemocratic." The fact is the COM
missioned officers have to pay their mess
bills, while the enlisted personnel re-
ceived food and uniforms free. A num-
ber Of draftees turned down commits
sions during the war because they dis
covered that it was more remunerative
to remain a sergeant than accept COM
missions as second lieutenants.
The officers messes which the "com-
Evening star., 1946-01-15
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

LONDON, Jan. l4.-The first test,
indeed the first use of the unanimity
rule required of the permanent men,
bers OF the Security Council of the
United Nations is about to be had. 1t
comes not on an issue of maintaining
peace, for which the council has been
set up, but on the nomination OF the
secretary general, the most important
officer Of the UNO.
A great deal has been said and writ
ten about this unanimity rule, which
carries with it the right of veto by any
one of the Big Five-the United States,
Britain, Russia, France and China. 1t
has been described as both the weak
ness and the strength of the new or
ganization here and it is an opportunity
for the big powers to demonstrate their
ability to adjust differences and to get
together Various estimates are made
here. ranging from four days to two
weeks, of the time it will take to bring
agreement on secretary general. The
difficulty is to find man of outstand-
ing ability and personality who can
inspire the confidence of the nations.
That Is one of the reasons that the
British persist in their informal recon-
mendation of Gen. Eisenhower. They
insist he would be ideal for the job.
The American delegates, however, while
they express their own admiration of
Gen. Eisenhower, regard it as highly
unlikely that an American will be chos-
en- since the home of the UNO is to
be in the United States.
y X
Some of them comment also on the
undesirability of having military man
at the head of the peace organization
and on the desirability of having an
other nation hold this Office and so
get away from the idea that the UNO
Evening star., 1946-01-15
NLRB Moves In

The decision by the National Labor
Relations Board to hold public hear
ings on the complaint filed by the
United Automobile Workers against
General Motors presumably stems
from the assumption that the re-
fuSal Of the corporation to discuss
the ability-to-pay question may have
constituted failure to bargain in
good faith within the meaning of
the National Labor Relations Act.
Just what the board proposes to
determine is not entirely clear. In
its formal statement the board says
it does not intend to test the extent
to which General Motors financial
position may or may not justify a
wage increase, but that "one of
several relevant questions may be
whether the company has fulfilled
its obligations under the National
Labor Relations Act by declining
even to discuss ability to pay" In
a supplementary statement, Gerard
D. Reilly, the board member who
will conduct the hearing, said that
although the question had been
raised in lesser cases, the board had
never finally determined whether an
employer could be compelled to dis
close data on prices and profits"
under the labor act.
This is confusing, since it is not
data on past or current prices and
profits which the union has sought
in this case, but rather information
on future prices, profits, production
schedules, ETC., which are in the
nature of estimates. And if the
board should now proceed to find-
ing that an employer is in violation
OF law for refusing to discuss these
matters with the union, a very i'm
portant and probably competitively
harmful precedent will have been
established.
The mere ordering of a hearing,
of course, is not necessarily indica-
tive of what the boards finding will
be. And it may be expected that in
this case the board will hew very
close to the line of the law, for it
will be anxious to avoid giving any
basis for a belief that it is being
used as an instrument for the
coercion of General Motors.
Evening star., 1946-01-15

The great task of assuring world
peace and security is not one which
can be performed by a minority of man.
kind. 1t is a task in which all must
assume due share of responsibility.
To have any large segment of the
worlds population outside the scope
of that responsibility is dangerous for
all of U.s. But such responsibility can
not be exercised by any people save
through the medium of government
freely chosen by the people and fairly
representing the interests and desires
of the people. Hence it is of the first
Importance, as we approach this great
new venture-the building of a world
community-to see to it that the peoples
of China, India and Southeast Asia,
comprising something more than half
the population of the globe, should
be brought into such relationship with
the world organization. through the
medium of their own governments. as
shall enable them to do their part in
making the phrase "One World" a
reality.
That this can be easily or quickly
done is not contended But it Is obvi-
ously impossible for any one to speak
honestly of "One World" of world Sc
curity and a community of peoples,
while more than half the worlds popu-
lation is in no position to have its
proper voice in the affairs of the world,
Therefore peculiarly heavy and pecu-
liarly delicate responsibility lies on the
shoulders of those countries who have
in their charge the duty of preparing
these hundreds of millions for self
government, and aiding them to attain
unity and political stability.
In this respect there is a remarkable
similarity between the present position
of the United States in China and the
British in India. In each case, there
are harsh internal conflicts, of con-
siderable antiquity and involving deep
bitterness, between major elements of
the population. In each case there are
populations of some 100000, ,000 COM
posed of peoples diverse in race, Ian
guage and religion, and with these
diversities complicated by all sorts of
personal and local ambitions, interests
and difficulties. The British came to
India, it is true, as conquerors and
rulers, while we are in China as friends
and mediators; but at the moment the
problems are the same-how to- get
out without leaving chaos and blood
shed behind, how to use present position
and influence to the end that an Or
derly, reasonable and unified govern
nent may be established which will
have some chance Of survival, how to
Evening star., 1946-01-15

is primarily American. Foreign Min
lister Spaak of Belgium was one of those
favorably considered by the Americans
for the post. However NJ. Spaak has
been elected president of the assembly
and he is also understood to have am
bitions to be prime minister of his own
country and it would be impossible for
him to hold that Office and be secretary
general, a full-time job. The Russians
are believed to favor either Ambassador
Simic of Yugoslavia or Foreign Min
lister Masaryk of Czechoslovakia or For
elgn Minister Lie of Norway. They may
possibly wind up with Russian as their
candidate. In that case, the name of
M. Lltvinov, who has wide international
experience, springs to mind.
So far as the success of the UNO
as working organization is concerned,
1t would not be bad idea at all to have
Russian as secretary general, tying
his country intimately into the organi-
zation This, it is true, would get away
from the thought that it may be wise
to have as the international secretary
general a native of one of the smaller
countries, either European or from one
of the Americas. There has been strong
support among the American delegates
for Canadian Ambassador to the United
States Pearson. He would be acceptable
to the British, but whether Russia
would agree is another matter. An
thony Eden's name has been mentioned,
too, as a possible compromise appoint
ment. Mr.. Eden, however, is regarded
as the probable successor to Winston
Churchill as leader of the Conservative
party in Parliament if the latter de-
termines to retire from that Office. An
other possible compromise candidate is
Foreign Minister Van Kleffens of the
Netherlands