davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Cunudion CITIZENSHIP
rom the Victoria Times.

L
TO Canadians, the new definition of
cltlzenship is a matter of no small ac-
count. 1t is something for which their
scnoolS and other institutions prenare
tnem. Citizenship is not and should
not be taken lightly. It is to be as
sumed that those who wish to eniov
lts privileges should understand its re-
sponsloillties and not treat acquisition
OF its right merely as a casual cloak
10 be put on or taken off at will. We
can see little weight in the argument
advanced by spokesman who refer to
prospective immigrants from other
commonwealth nations being deferred
from settling in Canada by the "citizen-
snip apprenticeship" period. If such
people wish to plant their roots in this
country, they will surely be willing to
meet the requirements set forth in the
Dill. II they wish merely to float into
Canada and float out again, taking what
opportunities they can find to improve
their own lot without making some
dennlte contribution to nationhood
should they be granted the rights which
are honestly earned by those who stay
mere, work for the nation as we'll as
themselves. and want to be Canadians
IN the fullest meaning of the named
NO falr-minded person would expect
such preferential treatment. Nor would
IL be OF value to those among the shift
ing populations of the Commonwealth
VINO wish to make Canada their per-
manent home ~
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Blind King John

Across the ok skies of current
history there flashed the other day
the name of one of the great heroes
OF the Age of Chivalry-John, Count
OF Luxembourg, King of Bohemia,
dead these six centuries yet still
living influence wherever valor is
esteemed among men. Born in 1895,
a son OF the Emperor Henry VII, he
was figure of Importance through
out Northern Europe even as a child.
At fifteen he was crowned at Prague;
at seventeen he represented his
father as imperial vicar at the Diet
of Nuremberg and, shortly there
after commanded an army in Italy
"a body of troops which subse-
quently supported him in campaigns
against Metz and his kinsman, John
III of Brabant. Next, he led the
Knights of the Teutonic Order
against the heather in Lithuania
and Pomerania, attacked the Poles
and brought Silesia under his rule.
He also fought with the dukes of
Austria and with Henry of Carinthia.
Several times he assisted his
brother -in-law, Charles Nv of France
and his successor, Philip vi, whose
son married his daughter. The
chroniclers Of the epoch believe that
he dreamt of achieving the imperial
Evening star., 1946-09-07
The ChiIeun Elections

The outcome of the presidential
elections in Chile threatens to add
another disturbing factor to the al
ready complicated situation in Latin
America. Nearly complete returns
apparently give a plurality of the
total vote to Gabriel Gonzalez
Videla, the candidate of the Com
munist-Radical bloc. While not
himself a Communist, Senor Videla
has welcomed the support of the
Communist party, which played the
major part in the aggressive cam
paign waged by his supporters. He
has certainly not repudiated state
ments of Communist spokesmen
that, If elected President, Videla
would stand for close relations with
Soviet Russia and progrc,n of
domestic legislation tantamount to
a social revolution.
Senor Videla's lead seems imme-
diately due to two favoring factors.
The first is that the moderate and
conservative elements could not
combine on a common candidate,
and so split between them a vote
which totaled more than that given
Videla. The second factor is the
poor showing made by the Socialist
candidate, who proved a flop and
thus drew far less support from the
labor element than had been an
ticipated.
Despite the fact that Senior Videla
has apparently won a slight plural
ity, his election is not yet assured.
This is because Chilean law provides
that, unless candidate gets more
votes than all his opponents COM
bined, Congress must choose the
winner from the two highest vote
getters. That is the reason why the
conservative candidate, DR.. Eduardo
Cruz Coke, refuses to concede defeat.
That attitude appears to have in
furiated Videla and his followers
who accuse Coke of dishonest in
tentions" and have summoned a
mass meeting for next Sunday ito
make necessary decisions for insur-
ing respect for and fulfilment of the
electoral verdict"
Assuming that videla has only a
plurality, the conservatives stand on
Evening star., 1946-09-07

the delegates voting their preferences
without any attempt at dictation. The
newly nominated Mr.. Robertson has
taken position on labor legislation
very similar to that of Senator Byrd
and Of Representative Howard Smith
OF the 9th district-both of whom
sought to curb strikes during the war.
The nomination of Mr. Robertson
although it was made over the candi-
dacy OF Representative Smith, arch
enemy OF the CIO-brings no joy, there
fore, to the radical element. The CIO
sought to stage demonstration at the
nominating convention-in support of
Moss Plunkett-but it fizzled since it
could interest only about two per cent
OF the delegates. Mr.. Plunkett was the
CIO-supported candidate against Gov.
Tuck year ago.
No dent, therefore, has been made in
the conservative bloc Of Southern DEM
ocratic Senators by the selection of
Mr.. Robertson to fill the Glass vacancy.
Indeed, in view of the long absence of
Senator Glass before he died, the bloc
may be considered to have gained an
additional vote.
The radicals have not succeeded in
defeating for denomination many of the
conservative Senators Of both parties in
the primaries and State conventions
nearly all of which have been held.
This Is true despite the fact that con-
siderable number of sitting Senators
have either been defeated for renomina-
ton or have voluntarily Withdrawn from
the race.
IT Republican campaign predictions
can be believed, number of New Deal
Senators will be eliminated when the
elections take place. They are prophe-
sying the defeat, for example, of Sena-
tors Guffey of Pennsylvania, Huffman
OF Ohio, Tunnel of Delaware and
Briggs Of Missouri. It appears, there
fore, that whether the Democrats re-
tain control Of the Senate or control is
won by the Republicans, the conserva-
tive complex of the upper house is
likely to increase.
Mr.. Robertson, sportsman, has been
intensely interested in the conservation
OF wild life. As a member of the State
Senate he sponsored the bill which set
up, when enacted into law, Virginia's
game department warden force. He was
appointed by Gov. Byrd chairman of
the Virginia Commission of Game and
Inland Fisheries. Later, as a member
OF the House, he was the author of
resolution setting up q House Select
Committee on Conservation of Wildlife
Resources. He has been chairman of
the committee ever since it was created
Evening star., 1946-09-07
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The nomination of Representative A.
Willis Robertson by Democratic State
convention for the Senate seat made
vacant by the death of Senator Carter
Glass will bring to the upper house
another distinguished Virginian, the
nomination being tantamount to election
in this heavily Democratic State. During
his IA years service in the House, repre-
senting the 7th congressional district,
Mr.. Robertson has made q record for
intelligent service and hard work.
Senator Harry Flood Byrd, who was
Virginia's sole representative on the
floor Of the Senate during the three
year-long illness of Senator Glass prior
to his death, is up for reelection, too,
this year. He won denomination by a
large majority In Statewide primary
last month.
Mr.. Byrd for years has been a
dominating figure In Democratic politics
ever since he was Governor, indeed,
from 1925 to 1880. He was appointed to
the Senate In 1888 by former Gov.
Pollard, to f1ll vacancy caused by the
resignation of the veteran Senator
Swanson, who became Secretary Of the
Navy in the first Roosevelt cabinet,
Later, Senator Byrd was elected for the
full term and reelected in 1910. In that
year Senator Byrd had no opposition
In the Democratic primary and the
Republicans did not put an opponent in
the field against him in the general
election.
Senator Byrd has been target of the
100 per cent New Dealers. He also has
been leader in the Senate for govern
mental economy voice crying in the
wilderness during much of the Roose-
velt administration. Mr. Robertson, who
will soon become Mr.. Byrd's colleague
in the upper house, also has been rated
a conservative Democrat, and Is ex-
pected to support Senator Byrd's efforts
Tor governmental economy.
Mr.. Robertson has played q leading
part in the framing of tax legislation.
as member Of the House Ways and
Means Committee. Indeed, many Of his
proposals for revenue raising have been
eventually adopted. Senator Byrd, for
his part, Is a member of the Senate
Finance Committee, which handles the
tax bills which are sent to the Senate
from the House. The two Virginia
Senators should team well.
Mr.. Robertson's home Is in Lexington
and ne has represented the congress
sional district in which Senator Byrd
lives. This means that the district will
have both United States Senators. The
convention which nominated Mr.. Rob-
ertson was 9 free convention" with
Evening star., 1946-09-07

has been concentrated In the area from
Stettin to the Danube A weekly sur
vey OF these forces shows that they are
being so disposed tactically as to be
able to march at q moments notice
Marshal Tito. after ordering the shoot
ing down Of unarrned. slow-fying Amer
ican transport planes, has accused the
United States Of violating the sovereign
rights of Yugoslavia.
In the meantime, Yugoslav forces east
OF the Morgan Line are being increased
daily and, according to military observ-
ers, are fully prepared to roll over the
American British forces which were
placed In that area by an international
agreement which was approved by the
Russians.
Some of the more important provo
cative incidents which have occurred in
Russias satellite countries have been
made known to the American public.
But many have been suppressed by the
Government in the hope that by show
ing real Christian patience the harmony
which we hope to achieve between the
victorious nations might not be
jeopardized.
After months of turning the other
cheek" President Truman, Secretary
Byrnes and their advisers on military
and diplomatic affairs have reached the
conclusion that the present situation is
far from establishing peace and the
sooner everybody puts his cards on the
table the better it will be.
Mr.. Byrnes' frank speech may fur
nish the nations behind the iron cur
tain" with an excuse for boiling all
international conferences. It may serve
as an indirect pretext for Marshal Tito
to rush the Morgan Line and take pos
session Of the entire territory, despite
the presence Of small American and
British forces in that region.
The speech delivered Thursday at
Paris by Deputy Foreign Minister vi
shinsky about the justice of Yugoslavia's
claims on Trieste was considered by the
representatives of the western nations
as preliminary indication that Moscow
may not oppose rash action of the
Soviet-supported Yugoslav armies. But
Mr.. Byrnes' address will also serve as a
warning to the Kremlin that we have
gone as far as we could in our appease-
ment policy, and that henceforth there
will be only "give and take" in our
relations with Russia.
The consensus of Washington diplo-
mats is that Mr.. Byrnes speech is bound
to- clear the international atmosphere
one way or another
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Discrediting a Conference
By George FieIdine Eliot

PARIS, Sept. 6-The Russians do not
ike international conferences like this
one at Paris. To be more precise, they
do not like conferences where the
smaller powers can sit down as the
equals OF the great powers; they do not
ike conferences where decisions are
taken by majority vote-even two-thirds
majorities. What they would really like
as Russian marshal said very plainly
to one OF our senior representatives not
so long ago-is to- have the affairs of
the world settled by consultation be-
tween the Russian and American gov
ernments, presumably with every one
else waiting outside the door, hat in
hand, to get their instructions Failing
that ideal state Of affairs, they like
the Big Four system, with unanimity as
the essential prerequisite to all decisions.
The Russians have been particularly
irked by the long parade Of 15-to-6 votes
In this conference, with their delega-
ton consistently on the short end. They
foresee many more such votes before
the conference Is ended. They comfort
themselves with the thought that the
conference does not make final decisions,
but only recommendation. The deci-
sions must be made by the Council of
Foreign Ministers-the Big Four. But
1t would normally be assumed that any
recommendation made by the confer
ence by two-thirds majority would
have great weight with the Council. It
will certainly be the American, and the
British position, and very probably the
French position, that no such recon-
mendation can be lightly overridden by
the Council
So the Russians are trying to under
mine the prestige of this conference
before world public opinion. They are
dragging 1t out by every possible means,
employing every tactic Of delay. They
are trying to make 1t ridiculous in the
eyes OF the impatient peoples of the
world. They are having considerable
measure of success, too. If one may
Judge by the reactions evidenced In the
American press and In the press of
ther countries.
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Hide and Seek

The small boy neuer counted sheen at oil
When ne ,pos snug at last upon his
pillotD
Because the stars were al,Ddys breaking
through
The dark and shadotDed boughs of the
lone 1DillO1U
There tDas more Jun in this than any,
thing
, That could be made up In his sleepy
mind
For all the yello,o stars Just seemed to-.
dart and suing -
"A II they tDere seeking ways to find
Some spaces through the boughs so they
could peek -
Around the dropping leapes at his
small face
In such q merry game OF hide and seek
AZ made the bed most erciting place.
ANOBEI, ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Mr.. Green on InfIution

TWO months ago-when the future
OF price controls was in doubt
William Green, president of the
American Federation of Labor, made
a strong and sensible statement on
the subject of imitation.
Mr.. Green's main purpose was to
emphasize the Importance Of in
creased production as an anti
inf1ationary measure, the ultimate
aim being to protect the purchasing
power of the dollar.
Our safety" he said, "lies in
getting through this period of tran
Sition with no major increases in
costs or Stoppages of production.
Major changes will be cumulative
in effect and may start the chain
of dangerous imitation. - Wage
earners can best stabilize their wage
dollars by helping to increase VOL
ume of production, which can wipe
out scarcities and the danger of
runaway imitation"
For making this statement, Mr..
Green was, and should have been,
generally applauded. But now he
finds himself in the position of
swallowing this wise counsel.
1t is hard to think of anything
better calculated to break down
existing controls and set in motion
runaway imitation than the cur
rent seamen's strike. This is so,
not only because the strike, if sue
ceSsful, would stimulate the COM
petition between rival unions for
higher and higher wages, but also
because it would inevitably tend to
destroy the authority and prestige
of the Governments Wage Stabil-
ization Board.
The board has ruled that the wage
increases won by the seamen in COL
lective bargaining with their en-
ployers are in excess of the amounts
that can be allowed under the sta
bilization formula. 1t took the board
q lamentably long time to arrive at
this conclusion, but the essential fact
is that the ruling has been made
and the AFL strikers are trying to
force the board to withdraw its rul-
ing and decide the case in their
favor.
Mr.. Green, as president of the AFL,
has pledged "a full measure of sup
port" to this effort. Expressed an
other way, this is tantamount to
saying that he will do all that he can
to destroy the only agency in exist
ence that is trying to prevent run
away advance in wages. And Mr..
Green is too well informed not to
know that if wage controls are de-
Stroyed it will not be long before
price controls also disappear. The
end result of this will be precisely
what he warned against two months
ago-the depreciation of the pur-
chasing power of the dollar.
1t would have been too much, per-
haps, to have expected Mr.. Green
openly to oppose this strike. But if
he meant what he said in July the
least that he could do would be to
refrain from openly encouraging it.
Evening star., 1946-09-07

The Russians want to come to the
council of foreign ministers with free
hands. They do not wish to be troubled
by the recommendations of the confer
ence. They want to start all over again
to try to gain the concessions which
the conference has refused them. They
reason that if they can make this con-
ference laughing stock to the average
American and the average Englishman,
Mr.. Byrnes and Mr.. Bevin will derive
less support from these two-thirds votes
than would otherwise be the case when
the Council meets to pass on the recon-
mendationS Of the conference.
OF course, the Russians could, at any
time, break up the conference and go
home. But they do not want to take
that step If they can avoid it. They
do not want to shoulder the response
bility for breaking up peace conference.
~ y
One should not rule out the possibility
that they may yet feel themselves COM
PEELED to do just that. But my guess
would be that they will not do it If
they feel they are succeeding sufficiently
well in their efforts to make the con-
ference q joke-a broken reed for
byrneS ana bev1n TO lean upon In the
Council of Foreign Ministers.
When Mr. Molotov solemnly refuses to
agree that amendments common to all
five OF the peace treaties may be dis
cussed as q single issue. but chat iden-
tical amendments must be separately
debated five times-when the Russian
delegation gathers around Mr.. Vishinsky
and laughs loudly while the Australian
delegate is telling Mr.. Vishinsky what he
thinks of the Soviet attitude-when day
after day. in the conference and in the
separate commissions, the Russian dele
gates repeat without change the argu-
ments that have been thoroughly gone
over the day before-those are but
examples Of what seems to me to be
considered Russian attempt to under
mine the authority Of this conference
by making 1t look Ike . lot Of TOM
fookry.
tcopyrisht ls4e.)
Evening star., 1946-09-07
Ivun's Other Wife
From the st. Louis Post-Dsspatch.

from the ST. Louis Post-Dispatch.
"A Russian critic of the theater, p.
Filippov, writing in the newspaper So
wet Art, Is much concerned about the
soviet stage because Of flood of plays
ne describes in these questions:
Was his wife faithful or unfaithful
to him? Is this inf1delity to be forgiven
or not? Does he return alone or with
girl from the front?"
Mr.. F1lippov should calm down. He is
disturbed without good and sufficient
cause. What is eating him is nothing
more nor less than confusion of terms.
The objets dart he deplores as bad the
ater are not theater at all, but obviously
soap opera, which. as every one in this
country knows, is neither good nor bad.
but just soap opera.
Evening star., 1946-09-07
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,Cn

Highest officials In Washington are
watching the effect Of Secretary Of State
Byrnes' Stuttgart speech on Moscow.
MI. Byrnes gave the clearest expoSi-
ton of Americas revised policies in
regard to Germany The British gov
ernment fully concurs with our views
and even the French may be persuaded
in the end to cooperate with the policy
Of re-establishing the Reich as a fed
eral entity.
1t is an open secret that Mr. Byrnes
decided to take strong stand only
recently, when he became convinced
that the U. S. S. r. government had
thrown overheard all idea of co-opera-
tion-except on its own terms-and
would continue to play a lone-wolf
policy. All our previous suggestions to
Moscow that the Big Four get together
and put into effect the Yalta and Pots
dam agreements for the uniflcation of
the Reich have remained unanswered
or received I'VE shall see" reply.
The administration in Washington has
done its utmost to preserve at least the
appearance Of unity between the Big
-Four. But in recent weeks it became
keenly aware that the old slogan "Who
controls Central Europe and Germany
conrols the whole continent" had taken
precedence over everything else with the
policy-framers in Moscow. Russia,
Washington is convinced, wishes to see
unified Reich, provided it is 100 per
cent controlled by the Kremlin.
The warning given by Secretary
Byrnes that the Oder River is not the
final eastern boundary of Germany and
that the territorial changes brought
about unilaterally by the U. S. S. r.
when the armistice was signed are only
temporary. is likely to bring a sharp
reply from Moscow.
Whatever the reaction of the Russian
government, it will serve the good pur-
pose Of clearing the international at
mosphere, which now Is oppressively
heavy.
The saber rattling from behind the
iron curtain has created situation of
insecurity and uncertainty throughout
the world. Russia, and her favorite
warmongering satellite, Yugoslavia,
have adopted policy of might is right.
The Soviets have challenged Turkey
and are accompanying their threatening
official and unofficial propaganda with
the massing of large military forces on
the Turkish borders.
A large and well-equipped Red Army
Evening star., 1946-09-07

throne, supplanting Louis the Bava-
rian. Be that as it may, he pursued
an energetic course in many differ
ent directions. He made alliances
with the kings of Hungary and
Poland, resisted the Emperor, de-
Tended Bohemia, governed Luxem-
bourg, bargained with France, nego-
tiated with the Pope. His interests
were innumerable, and his genius
seemed equal to their demands.
Then, suddenly, about 1910, he was
struck blind.
The blow might have stopped the
average adventurer. King John,
however, was not halted. Instead,
his ardor and courage appeared to
be increased. He fought Louis and
his allies, led an expedition against
Lithuania and finally, acting in
concert with Clement vi, secured
the formal deposition of the EN-
peror and the election of his own
son, Charles of Moravia, to the i'm
perial dignity. Such was the back
ground OF the last scene of his life.
Philip of France appealed to him
for help against the English. He
responded instantly. At Crecy on
August 26, 1346, he had his horse
chained to the horses of two of
his knights. Thus sustained, he
took part in the second cavalry
charge of the day. The effort was
fruitless, but the sightless warrior
penetrated the ranks of the Prince
of Wales contingent before he fell.
And now, after six hundred years,
the body of King John has been
returned with solemn rites of COM
memoration to Luxembourg where
it originally was entombed but from
which it had been removed to
Mettlach in the Saar in 1909. The
London Times explains that: "The
translation was marked by cere-
monies in which the French, Czech
and Luxembourg governments were
associated"
Evening star., 1946-09-07

the letter of the law, which provides
for a special session of Congress
within sixty days of the elections.
However, the Communists are in a
truculent mood, and may be ready
to resort to strong g-arm measures,
much as they were some months
ago when they attempted to precipi-
tate a revolutionary general strike
OF labor. That attempt was foiled
by opposition of the Socialists. This
time things may be different.
Evening star., 1946-09-07

If Stain responds to Donald Nell
sons appeal for a more complete
expression of policies and objectives"
between the United States and
Russia, perhaps we will eventually
find out those of our own country.
Evening star., 1946-09-07

Those squatters taking charge of
in England are not to be
confused with relatives of those
able to rent beach cot
tage.
Evening star., 1946-09-07

Moon = to earth broadcasts are
predicted by an atom scientist. His
discovery of something new in radio
alone justifies a medal.
Evening star., 1946-09-07

Ceilings on prices are particularly
important if there is floor under
the national economy and walls
around black market operators.