Evening star., 1946-05-21
By PouI BeIIomy

SLI v ELhI<b, WAY u NNhI>A).-
Alongside the military occupation of
Germany by the four victorious
powers. there has been created in
the United States zone, at least,
parallel set-up of civil governments
which l should like to describe.
So far as we know, the American
zone of occupation, whose popula-
: tion is 100000. is far ahead of the
zones occupied by our Allies in at
tempting to restore civil govern
ment to the Germans themselves.
The Russians act as if they never
want to. The French have not
: declared themselves, and the British
have not got around to it vet.
The American zone of occupation
has been divided into three parts.
each called Land They are Land
Bavaria, Land Wurtemberg- Baden
and Land Greater Hesse. The latter
two are new political subdivisions
of Germany.
Anti-NaZis UnimpreSsive.
The marriage of Wurtemberg and
Baden is something new, brought
about by the necessity of dividing
Germany into four parts, and the
Baden people are not so sure they
like the Wurtembergers and vice
versa. Greater Hesse was frankly
the composite of number of por-
tions OF Germany, each of which
belonged to different division. but
the Hesse experiment seems to be
working out more smoothly, if any
thing, than the Wurtemberg- Baden
one, so far as reception by the Ger
mans themselves is concerned.
Each of the three divisions of our
zone has minister president and
q cabinet of its own, all composed
of carefully screened non-Nazis. but
most OF these are old and tired.
One has to respect them for the
hopeless fight they made against
the Nazis, but their powers to gov
ern do not seem very impressive.
Over the three subdivisions is
the Laenderrat-the Council of the
Lands-Which meets at Stuttgart
under direction and control of U. S.
authorities. 1t co-ordinates all mat
ters of German administration af-
fectlng moi-e than one Land in the
U. S. zone. It is designed to fill the
need resulting from the lack of
central administration and to re-
store German responsibility and
government. The Burgermeis-
ter of Bremen, the U. S. seaport en-
clave, sits with the ministers presi-
dent OF Bavaria, Wurtemberg-
Baden and Greater Hesse. but takes
part only when the interests of his
area are concerned.
Aided by U. S. Experts.
The Laenderrat has set up seven
committees which process all mat
ters that finally go before the body
Itself for settlement. That is. these
committees deal with evacuation
and resettlement. food and agri-
culture. transportation, economics,
industry, and export and import.
iliAAAOoiS y vi lllC
States in our zone of occupation has
been ably assisted in setting up the
new civil governments in Germany
by a group of remarkable political
experts who come mostly from the
colleges of the United States.
DR.. James K. Pollock, senior repre-
sentative of the deputy military
government, who sits with the
Laenderrat in Stuttgart, is an ex-
ample. DR.. Pollock was professor of
political science and chairman of
the division of social sciences at the
University of Michigan. having
taught previously at Harvard, Ohio
State and Stanford. He made
major part of his work the study
Of German since 1888
Another who turned out to be
exceedingly valuable as a political
adviser to the military government is
DR.. Walter Dorm, formerly of Ohio
State University and later of Co.
lumbia, where he was professor of
modern European history. He had
studied deeply the Prussian bure-
aucracy and written a book about
1t. He had spent many years
in Germany prior to the war and
speaks German very we'll
Gen. Clay's Adviser.
DR.. Dorm is a man of infinite tact
and understanding and has been re-
tanned by Gen. Lucius D. Clay as
special political adviser, in which
capacity he travels over the whole
German military occupied zone, re-
porting back to the deputy admins
tration what he has seen.
Men of the caliber of DR.. Pollock
and DR.. Dorm. who are willing to
serve in the thankless job of re-
constituting German civil govern
nent. are hard to IND. 1t has been
surely due to the wise advice of
such counselors as these men that
civil government in our zone in
Germany has been so we'll develop
ed.
In addition to political advisers,
America has furnished the Army in
Germany with equally able financial
and economic advisers, and the