davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-08-13
A Wise Decision

President Truman's decision to
stay out Of the fight between the
j. l. Case Company and the CIO
Auto Workers is a sound one.
A protracted strike has shut down
The Case plants as well as those of
the Allis-Chalmers Company, both
being manufacturers of farm ma
Chlnery. The strikes have been
characterized by the usual charges
and counterchargeS. Management
SpokeSmen say that the union repre-
SentatlVeS have refused to bargain in
good faith. their objective being to
force seizure by the Government and
then to negotiate a more favorable
contract with the Government agents
than could be secured through ne
gotlatlonS with the private manag-
erS. The union leaders contend that
management has been Stalling and
has no desire to come to a reason
able agreement
Although 1t is clear enough that in
this instance it is the union which
has been trying to promote Govern
ment seizure, it does not necessarily
follow that the union is to blame for
the breakdown of collective bargain
ing. Nor is this point of any partic-
ular Importance so far as the Presi-
dents decision is concerned.
The important thing is that neither
management nor labor should be
permitted to use the machinery of
Government to settle disputes which
they ought to settle between them
selves. The practice Of seizing struck
industries was a wartime device
an undesirable but necessary meas
ure to insure the production of the
weapons and other things needed to
hight the war. But it has no place
in our system in peacetime. and
least Of all in an industry which
does not vitality and directly affect
the public interest. Technically. of
course, We are still at war, and it
w SA' C1A IiAAo SfRo4o UllCb tIlC TIESIUPIL
used his wartime powers to seize the
railroads and coal mines in peace
time. At best, however. those were
acts Of desperation. dictated by the
overriding need to keep the economy
functioning, and Mr.. Truman is
emlnently right in insisting that
the exercise Of the seizure power be
strictly limited to those instances in
which the public welfare is "vitally
involved"
This interest is not vitally involved
IN the j. I. Case strike, which affects
about 5000 workers. In effect, the
President is saying that this and
similar disputes can be and must be
settled by the immediate parties
without Government intervention
and if he will stand by his guns on
that proposition the chances are
that SO per cent of such disputes
Will be settled and settled quickly
when both parties come to realize
that they cannot use the threat of
Government seizure as a club to
influence the negotiations.
Evening star., 1946-08-13
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,cn

Responsible quarters In Washington
are seriously worried over the possibility
of a clash between the u. S. S. r and
Turkey.
conference of field marshals of the
Soviet Union, repeatedly attended also
by some of the top-flight members of
the Politbureau, was held last week from
Monday to Wednesday at Odessa, the
headquarters of Field Marshal Georgi
Zhukov
Last Friday, within 48 hours after the
meeting was adjourned, the Turkish
government was presented by the Soviet
Ambassador with a note suggesting"
that the 10-year-old Montreux treaty
governing the status of the Dardanelles
be revised and that parley be held at
an early moment
The Ankara government which is we'll
aware that suggestions" of that kind
from Moscow have peremptory char
acter, is now in contact with Washing
ton and London.
But there are indications that the
Russian government wishes to discuss
the future status of the Dardaneles at
conference attended only by the
riparian stateS-Bulgaria, Romania, the
ohi dlIlc, lile AfeOTSldu TepuDl1C, Jne
U. S. S. r. and Turkey-and exclude all
other nations which in the past have
had vital interest in the control of
that important international waterway
The fact that the Suggestion" for a
conference came at the end of the mill
tary conference at Odessa indicates that
Russia means business and does not
intend to allow the question of the Dar-
danelles to remain in allegiance any
longer; nor apparently does she intend
to permit "outsiders" such as the United
States and Great Britain to have any
thing to say about the terms she intends
to dictate to Turkey.
X y X
There are number of strong indi-
cations that the Kremlin expects to
have the whole matter settled in the
Russian way. According to reports from
neutral sources, the Russian Navy in the
Black Sea is concentrated at Feodosiya
and SeVaStopol. 1t is not particularly
large or good naval force, but it is
stronger than anything the Turks might
be able to muster.
Large forces including parachute divi-
slons have been reported gathering in
the Odessa area for several months. The
presence of an unduly large army in
Evening star., 1946-08-13

that region gave rise to speculation as
far back as last spring that the Rus
slams might intend to use them to
settle the question Of the straits.
The press and radio attacks against
Turkey which had SubSided since last
May have now been renewed. For a
short period of three months, Moscow
hoped that the elections in Turkey
might upset the national Set-up COM
pletely.
The opposition party, which for the
first time since 1924 was allowed to
take part in the elections, won about
81 seats. The Turkish government,
under Prime Minister Sarco9ly, was
forced to resign. But the opposition
and the discontented elements in Turkey
ar@ still strongly united in their views
that there should be no receding from
the stand that Turkey will not yield
any of her lands to foreign power.
Turkey is willing to have an interna-
tional control of the Dardanelles, but
is adamant in refusing to share the
waterways with Russia alone or to per-
nit the u s. S. r. to have bases on her
territory.
NSlA4SC leoG NCCh TIC OONlSL propaganda
agencies have been attacking Turkey
by citing certain documents allegedly
captured from German prisoners, show
ing that Turkey desired a Russian de-
feat and was ready to permit passage
of German troops through her terri
tory.
Diplomatic quarters believe that these
documents, if they exist at all. have
been manufactured. There are official
documents proving that in the DAYS
when the Nazis were moving rapidly
toward the Volga and were besieging
Stalingrad, Turkey concentrated troops
at the Russian border with the advice
and consent of the Kremlin in order
tc foil any German attempt to create
another front in the southern Caucasus.
Military and diplomatic quarters in
Washington and London are now seri-
ously concerned lest Russia 90 on a
rampage and create a major incident
which might have the most disastrous
consequences for the peace of the world.
The United Nations still is very shaky
and the Russian veto power in the Sc
curlty Council. to which Turkey would
appeal if something dramatic developed,
would prevent any action on the part
of thai organization
Evening star., 1946-08-13
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

The American people are winding up
for an international struggle over politi-
cal supremacy. Involved is the election
Of new Congress. At the same time
the United States is engaged in a ma ajor
effort IN Paris to bring agreement among
the nations on peace treaties with the
former satellite countries of Nazi Ger
many. There is always the chance the
peoples or government of foreign coun-
tries will misinterpret what goes on
within this country; that they may be-
lieve as the Nazi Germans apparently
believed that a political battle means
divided American people. There is no
division, when it comes to dealing with
the rest of the world.
The Germans twice made the mistake
of estimating political division in the
United States as basis for going for
ward with their plans of world domina-
ton. The first time was in 1916 and
the year prior thereto. The second
time was in 1910 and 1941. If the lead.
ers Of Soviet Russia are suffering from
the same kind of illusion today. the
quicker they get over it. the better
The American people, Republicans
and Democrats alike, are firmly and
squarely back of Secretary of State
ByrneS in his demands for a reasonable
and just peace in Europe and through
out the world. Nor are the Russians
the only people who may have reason
to give this matter due consideration
This country is friendly with the British
and with the member states which make
up the British Empire. The United
States was not established to pull Brit
ish chestnuts out of the fire. The Brit
fsh, like other nations, cannot expect
to have their interests, and theirs alone
given consideration at any peace table
AS conditions have developed, how
ever, the United States has found itself
more and more in line with British
thought and sentiment and opposed to
that of the Soviet Republics.
In considerable measure, this has
been forced on the United States bv
the Soviet attitude. Russia had a great
opportunity to go along with both the
British and the United States. immedi-
ately after the end of the war Appar-
entity in pursuit of her own ends, Russia
rejected the opportunity.
The attitude of the Soviet government
has been one of suspicion 1t has been
truculent in the extreme. This attitude
has been manifest ever since the first
assembly of the United Nations in San
Francisco; it became increasingly evil
dent after the close Of hostilities, and
Evening star., 1946-08-13
President Wilson's Books

MRS. Woodrow Wilson's generous
gift of the library of her husband In
the Library Of Congress represents a
distinctive development in the an
nalS OF the greatest bibliographic
establishment in the world She
already, in 1889, had CONSIGNED to
the same depository the correspond
ence files OF the late President. This
onerlng of his books, therefore, may
be said to complete a contribution
unique IN value and worth.
The Wilson volumes are impor-
tant not merely because their for
mer owner was the Chief Executive
OF the United States. Long before
he ever dreamed Of being a tenant
OF the White House they were in
process of accumulation. Some of
them were received from MIR, Will
sons father at time when Mr.
Wilson himself was lust school
boy. More were acquired when he
was IN college, q still larger number
when he had become a professor
and the author of literary works
both scholarly and popular. Rela-
lively lew belong to the period of
his life following his entry into
politics
Mr.. Wilson did not read for en-
tertalnment so much as for infor-
nation. His library was what
liberal scholar might have been ex-
pected to possess in his day. But
even the most ordinary volume grew
In meaning as it passed through his
hands, being supplemented with his
annotations and yielding Of its
residuary content to his stock Of
ideas, his impressions, his memories.
Thus his copy of J. R. Green's
Short History of the English Peo-
pie" published in New York in 1877.
was the model for his History of
the American People" issued A
quarter Of a century later. Simi-
larly, his copies of Henry Cabot
Lodges Short History of the Eng
lish Colonies in America" and Alex
ander Hamilton as DR.. Luther Fl.
Evans, the Librarian of Congress,
declares, both show internal evi-
dence of careful perusal."
People in generations to follow
will appreciate Mr.. Wilson more
accurately because of his widows
gift. She has put his books where
qualified researchers of the future
may find them and employ them
conStructively. On their pages they
will discover keys to his mind and
Evening star., 1946-08-13
Wagner Act Defects

As a member of the National Labor
Relations Board for five years, Ge-
rard D. Reilly often was target of
union criticism because he insisted
on exercising an independent judg-
ment and refused to decide all issues
as the labor bosses thought they
should be decided. His popularity
with this group will not be enhanced
by his announcement, as he leaves
the NLRB, that he favors certain
changes in the boards rules and in
the Wagner Act itself.
Nevertheless, there is considerable
merit to the points made by Mr..
Reilly. He would have the board
enlarge its rules to broaden the right
of employers to seek bargaining
elections and to give them the right
to speak freely to their employees
during union organizing campaigns.
This greater freedom of speech, of
course, would have to stop short of
intimidation Of employees or dis
elimination against those engaged
in union activity. The Wagner Act
amendments which he advocates
would clarity the status of supervi-
sorry employees, withdraw the pro-
lection Of the act (the right to be
reinStated with back pay) from en-
ployes who strike for objectiveS con-
trary to the act or which could be
achieved by orderly processes under
the act, grant the NLRB power to
cope with unions engaging in sec
ondary boycotts and transfer the
prosecuting and enforcement func-
tionS of the board to the Labor De-
partment.
All of these suggested changes are
sound and desirable. They stop well
short Of the point to which some
would go, but it can hardly be
doubted that their adoption would
improve and make more successful
the Wagner Act, which, as Mr.. Reilly
says, is baSically sound legislation.
1t may be hoped that these pro-
posals, coming from man who has
had five years of experience in ad-
mlnlstering the present law, will
carry some weight with the new Con-
greSs when it conVenes in January.
Evening star., 1946-08-13
1taly's Military Needs
BY George Fielding Eliot

PAR1S.-HOW much military strength
should Italy be permitted to have? How
much or how little is it necessary for
her to have in the interests of the gen.
eral peace and security OF Europe and of
the world?
The language of the draft treaties
indicates that such Italian ornaments
as are permitted are to be confined to
three uSes-the maintenance of internal
order. the local defense of frontiers and
antiaircraft defense.
The maintenance of internal order is
a necessity common to all states. 1t is
desirable in the interests of the COM
mon security that every law-abiding
nation should have sufficient means for
this purpose, since civil war may so
easily become cause of International
conflict. This leaves us for conSidera-
ton the other two requirements: The
local defense of frontiers and antiair-
craft defense.
Against whom is Italy to defend its
frontiers and against whose air craft is
she to have means of defense? We NAV
dismiss the possibility of Italy defend
ing herself against one of the three
major military powers-the only powers
which are capable of launching long
range air attacks or sea-borne attacks
against her in any strength. Obviously
there remains to be considered only
Italy's immediate neighbors by land
France, Switzerland, Austria and Yugo-
slavia.
France will in few years possess
much greater military strength than
she has now. shall have something to
say of Frances military prospects in a
subsequent article 1t Is sufficient to
observe here that France Is not at pres
ent in any condition to undertake mill
taly adventures and nothing could be
farther from the thoughts of most
Frenchmen.
1t Is certainly impossible to think of
switzerland as an aggressor. And since
Austria is at present under occupation
by the Big -Four, aggression against
Italy from this source is not presently
in prospect.
The case of Yugoslavia, however, is
quite different. Until the appearance
Of American and British naval forces
at Trieste. a good many threats were
Evening star., 1946-08-13
Practical IdeuIism
ON the Providence journal:

From Inc Providence journal:
The harsh and unrelenting clamours
of the kept Russian press that the BIZ
KIM test was an intrument of power
diplomacy to give the United States
monopolistic aScendancy over other ma
tions to further our national selfish ends
are answered in the Baruch paper. one
of the most idealiStic and stateSmanlike
prefers of nation, which at the mo-
ment holds sole complete control of
the knowledge of atomic energy and
the manufacture of the bombs, ever
recorded in history. For all their as
sumptionS and their sharp arguments,
the Russians cannot honestly answer
the content of an offer to make ma
tional monopoly world monopoly for
the end good of all mankind, There
are some Americans who, realistically
they say, would use the bomb to get
our way in international dealings, but
it is our belief that the great majority
of our people want to secure the ends
of the Baruch reports seek
Evening star., 1946-08-13
Leuve Only Hope

All things must paSs-the Sorrow and
the griepino,
Elotion's tren,or and the s,oelltnr
OF Dtctory-yeS-aH things must be
leaDing
As eras fade and long years march
and stride
Across each span. The summers golden
banner
Relinquishes to dun. nor is it strange
That lie declares in such a brasen
manner
The only certain lat0 is that OF change.
So close the little open door behind you,
Destroy the memory lest it may faunt
Nostalgia dreams-leaue nothing to re-
mind you
OF Uanished ghosts OF days that hurt
and haunt:
Leave only hope that kindleS its small
spark
And whispers that the daWn succeeds
the dark
LUCILLE 8. JACKSON.
Evening star., 1946-08-13

his heart. He was very human per-
son, sensitive, eager, possessed of
profound convictions, stubborn in
his faith and determined in his
hopes, Woodworking, anxious to do
what he knew to be right, more
notably successful in his labors than
some Of his contemporaries sup
posed. All this is reflected in his
choice Of his own professional Ii
brary and in his copious marginalia
as well as in his letters.
Evening star., 1946-08-13
This and That
By Charles E. TrdcelUeH.
f'PE'T 7 EyvTTE, 1Iro 81,
By Charles E.

BELLY CEs WASH.
Dear Sir:
will you please tell us about how
long the song sparrow lives? We had
one feeding from our hand for about
six years.
But our dear little Rusty is gone,
There is no doubt about that
She fell with one stroke,
From the neighbors cat
DO you think people should put bells
on their cats?
we always put all food up high but
the low shrubbery is not so good.
There Is another song sparrow that
comes when we call and very shyly takes
nuts from our hands
Are we doing something that en-
dangers the life Of this bird?
Yours truly, J. M. c."
$50 X
"CHEVERLY, Md.
Dear Sir:
will you please tell E j. OF Arling-
ton that the bird songs can be had
through the American Nature Associa-
ton, 1914 Sixteenth street?
There are six records containing 72
different songs, recorded in nature, and
each one introduced by voice.
Yours truly, E. w. MacA"
-
"GIRARD STREET.
Dear Sir:
IF you will kindly inform B. E. that
all he has TO do is to purchase some
castor oil bean seed and SOW them in
and around the trails of the moles,
I think his trouble will end, and the
moles will seek other fields of tunnel
ing. Very truly yours, G. A. P"
n
We DO not think people should put
bells on cats.
In the first place. cats don't like them.
In the second, the birds don't need
them. They know when cat is around.
Bells must be attached somehow, and
this means band of some sort, and
this sometimes leads to the strangling
Of the pet on bush.
Cats and birds have been living side
by side for centuries
1t IS true that cats do catch them.
now and then, but no way near so often
as propagandistS spilling hatred of cats
would have the world believe.
Birds really are not fools Mostly
they escape these natural enemies, Just
as they do snakes, small boys with
small rifles, and large men with large
rifles.
Audubon, himself was a great shooter
Of birds. He thought nothing at all
of killing them by the hundreds. Of
course, there were more of them then.
All the bird species, with the ex-
ceptlon of the poor passenger pigeons,
have survived all such onslaughts.
In the grim toll over the centuries,
the house cat has taken but mi
mute percentage, compared with all the
other enemies ana dangers birds must
meet.
Our correspondents song sparrow
probably had lived almost its natural
lie, since six years is about as long as
they live, even under the best of con-
ditions
Feeding song sparrow is not en-
dangering its life, unless trust of hu-
manity leads to it meeting up with some
naturally cruel person
Song SparroWs live low, that is they
perch on fence posts, and build their
nests in shrubhery just a few feet
off the ground. But they mostly Sc
lect prickly bushes, such as the bar
berry, whose thorns tend to keep en-
emies at safe distance.
The song sparrow, one of the best,
is darker on the Pacific Coast, with
more deep brown in the coat but it is
the same bird which SO delights nature
lovers in the East A song sparrow,
wherever you meet him, is beautiful.
friendly fellow.
Evening star., 1946-08-13

mined to hold the conference to-
gether, even though the U. N. AS
sembly meeting has to be still fur
ther postponed. Meanwhile, Moscow
continues to profit by the anomalous
status of the satellite states, which
are either wholly or partially under
its control.
Evening star., 1946-08-13

"A Few Who Can See
To the Editor of The Star
1t is encouraging to read a mastery
article, as ths one written by Harold
l.. Ickes on Palestine. 1t is particularly
heartening to know that we still have
can see the terrible wrongs done to an
unfortunate people and acquiesced in
by our blinded and weakened authori-
ties. This time it is not Nazi Germany
but good Christian" England
I hope that some of our legislators
have read this article and will enlighten
some of the others so as to possibly
stop those injustices
S. D. SHEPARD.
Evening star., 1946-08-13

Germans are said to have found
way to make butter out of coal, Of
which there is a great abundance.
1t is doubtful, however if they have
the bureaucratic skill to make butter
scarce by fixing the price of coal so
low that it will not pay to mine it.
Evening star., 1946-08-13

Those who suppose that Hitler
invented the indoctrination of youth
probably never heard that Lenin,
addressing his commissars of educa-
ton at Moscow in 1923, announced:
Give us the child for eight years,
and it will be a BolsheVist forever"