davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01
CARDS SWAT
 DODGERS 10
 wINBy 10,3
BY JOE REICHLER ZAP SPORTS WRITER


 The second place St. Louis Card inals belabored Southpaw Joe Hat ten and two successors for Is hits and a 10-3 victory oTer Brooklyn yesterday.
 The Card triumph evensd the crucial" series between the two contanders and once again th2 Brooks lead stands at two and a half games with the rubber con test to be played today.
 The Card-Dodger tussle partly cvershadowed Bobby Fellcr's scin- tillating one-hit pitching axhibi- ton against the Boston Red SoE as he registered his 2oth victory by twirling the Cleveland Indian to a Al victory
 The triumph gave Fsller another line in the record books as it tied Addie Joss major league standard of seven one-hit games.
 The Detroit Tigers replaced the New York Yankees as Boston's closest rival by defeating the Rronxites GO to wrest second place from their victims by enc percen- tage point.
 Claude Passeau, recurarating iron an ailing back which had sidelinec him for almost two weeks, pitched the third place Chicago CVbs to an 9-1 victory over the New York Giants under the Polo Grounds lights.
 A triple to the right field cornel by Connie Ryan scored Nanny Fernandez from first base with the winning run in the ninth inning as the Boston Braves edged cut the cellar-dwelling Pittsburgh Pirates 2-1.
 After dropping six straight in Shibe Park, the Cincinnati Reds turned about and downed the Phil adcIpria Phillies twice, 4-3 and 20, the opener in the 1lth inning Helped by Bob Kennsdy's fourth home run, the Chicago White Sex scored three times in the ninth IT, ming to come from behind and de- feat the Philadelphia Athletics 3-2 Four hits and an error produced four runs in the eighth inning for the St Louis Browns, enough to .heat the Washington Senators 6-2. Nelson Potter yielded six hits to earn his seventh success.
 Scores and batteries:
 National League
 St. Louis 10; Brooklyn 3; Dick son and Kluttz, Garagiola (6); Hat ten, Herring C6), Casey (8) and Edwards.
 First Gop,e II Innings
 Cincinnati 4; Philadelphia 3; Malloy. Gumhert CID and Mueller; Raffensberger and Seminiok. Second Gamc
 Cincinnati 3; Philadelphia 0; Blackwell, Gumtcrt C9) and Lam anno; Donnelly, Schanz (9J and Seminick.
 Chicago 8; New York 1; Passeau and Livingtcn; Gee, Kennedy (6), Abernathy (8) and Warren.
 Pittsburgh 1; Boston 2; Lanning and Baker; Sain and O'Dea.
 American League
 Boston l; Cleveland 4; Harris, Johnson (5), Dreiseward (8) and H. Wagner: Teller and Eegan.
 New York 0; Detroit 6; Russo, Queen @, Marshall (8) and Rob- inson: Benton and Tibbetts.
 Washington 2; St. Louis 6; Hud- son, Masterson (8) and Early; Pot ter, Ferrick (9) and Mancuso.
 Philadelphia 2; Chicago 6; Fow- Ter and DeSautels; Lopat and Hay
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01
PRA RECEIVES CATS

The Public Roads Administra- tion received two war-surplus cat erpillars on the Baranof today.
 These cats are to be used in Ju- neau by the PRA and are the latest models. Run by Caterpillar diesel engine, they are the No. no model with 12-foot blades
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01
FROM WHITEHORSE

Mrs. w. B. Arnold, A. E. Crook CTS and It. T. Hydes have arrived from Whitehorse. They are stay ing at the 'Baranof Hotel.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01
REGISTERED AT BaliANOT

Arrivals from the States register ing at the Baranof Hotel are as follows: Juline Rockwell, Andover, Mass: Cliff Richmond. Oakland, Calf; Herbert Strand, Seatte; Mrs. Ross A. Gridlcy Washington, D. C.; Mrs. George T. Mullen, Glen coe. H.; Fay F Christean, Mt. Carroll, Ill; Miss Monica Finn Berkeley. Calf; Eugene D. Stur- gill A. Bechtel, Andy Mineot, Will ham Colbert, Seattle; G. L. Holmes, William M Matthews, San Fran cisco, Calf; E. E. Murray, Phyl- lis La Sota, Seattle.
 Mahogany What Not Shelves.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01
FRO1a NOME

MT and Mrs. Carl Larson are in this city from Nome. They are stopping at the Baranof Hotel.
 Enpre Want Abs br.. -ssnlLsl
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01

Every South American ccnntry except Chile and Ecuador touches Brazil's borders.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01

Mahogany What Not Shelves. TIome Beautiful.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-01

ONCE OVER LIGHTLY
 Infielder Ben Reese of Thomas- yille in the Georgia Florida league
Evening star., 1946-12-02

construction, the rich fantasy and
already mature style which the
young composer possesses. He has
written work of dramatic power
with resources that promise much
for the future. His name is one to
be remembered.
Viola Recital at Phillips.
The portions of William Schoen's
viola recital that could be heard in
the Phillips Gallery yesterday after
noon disclosed valuable new works
for that instruments limited litera-
ture. Alan Shulman's Theme and
Variations" Emanuel Vardj's Suite
on American Folk Songs" Mr..
Schoen's arrangement of Schlein's
"Burleska," given its premiere, and
Carlton Cooley's Song and Dance" !"
played locally for the first time,
offer many possibilities for a full
display of the viola's possibilities.
Mr.. Schoen draws a beautiful
tone from his instrument that takes
account of its innate richness and
individuality Of quality. He does not
strive to make it too brilliant but
emphasizes its roundness and depth.
Evening star., 1946-12-02

For that reason, and because of his
technical mastery, the recital was
of exceptional interest. His musican-
ship Is so basicly sound and well
developed that he held the atten-
tion of the large audience in his
polished reading of the Shulman
and the nuances brought into the
Vardi work. His program opened
with Vivaldi-Dayid Sonata in A
major" and Hindemith's Sonata,
op. II, No. a." A fine background
was given the violist by Irving
Ovens sympathetic accompani-
nnents.
Evening star., 1946-12-02

n1inistration has let the American
producers and consumers carry the
load for other nations. 2
In letter to Representative
jenkins, Republican. of Ohio, chair
man of the committee, Mr.. Wood
ruff said the total sugar supply for
the United States for 1947 will be
below that of 1916 despite increased
production here and in Cuba.
with our beet sugar production
up and Cuba's production up, one
may well ask why our sugar bowls
are empty and why SO much fruit
and vegetables cannot be canned for
lack of sugar" he said.
The answer is found in the pro-
Evening star., 1946-12-02
Woodruff Asks COP. Unit
To Probe Sugar Shortage

BY The Assoeiuied Press
Representative Woodruff, Repub-
lican, of Michigan called on the
Republican Food Study Committee
of the House today to look into the
sugar shortage, asserting the ad-
Evening star., 1946-12-02

gram carried out by the Combined
Food Board"
Under this program, he said, the
United States and offshore territor-
les contribute to the world pool of
so per cent of the sugar consumed
in this country while 'by COMPARE
son Britain will provide less than 80
per cent of her sugar consumption
whereas Canada will produce only
Is per cent of its sugar needs. !"
Evening star., 1946-12-02

u. S. Savings Bonds fit the ma
tionaI need and fill q personal need.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22

son County, Mississippi will receive
sealed proposals for the purchase Of
all merchantable pine timber and pulp
wood situated upon the following de-
SCI OF NWi and e. of SWl Section
3 Township 6 Range 4.
SCI of Mel and M of Sci of Sci
Section 3 Township z Range 5
All Section 8 Township 7 Range 5
All section o Township 7 Range 5
The highest proposal will receive a
deed CT conveyance from Jackson
County, Mississippi for all merchan-
table Pine Timber and Pulp Wood
situated on the above described land.
with the right of ingress and egress
over said land for the purpose of
removing same for a period of twelve
months from date Of sale. The title
and possession of all Pine Timber
and Pulp Wood remaining on said
land AT the expiration of twelve
months to revert to jackson County.
Mississippi.
Sealed proposals to be filed with
the Clerk of Board of Supervisors al
Pascagoala, Mississippi, on or before
10 O'clock A. M on the End day of
December 1916.
The Board of Supervisors reserves
the RICH TO reject any and all bids.
BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF
SUPERVISORS 4th November. AID,
Signed; X. w. BuRNHAM.
(SeaD FRED TAYLOR.
Clerk.
BY vERTIs RAMSAY. d. c.
~ tItT % 20
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22

Supervisors. Jackson County, Missis-
sippl, issued or certified by a bank
located in the State of Mississippi. in
the amount of Five Hundred Forty
Dollars $3.50 .00l as a guarantee that
the bidder viii carry out his contract
and purchase the bonds If the bid
be accepted. If the successful bidder
fails to purchase the bonds pursu-
ant to his bid and contract, the
amount OF such good faith check shall
be retained by the Board of Super
visors and covered into the fund OF
Wade Consolidated school District of
said County.
The Board of Supervisors reserves
the right to reject n or all bids.
The District will furnish legal opin-
ion of the law firm of Charles and
Trauernicht, St LOUIS, Missouri. and
viii pay for the printing and valida-
ton of the bonds.
Delivery of the bonds will he made
to the purchaser on or before Jan
uary 81. l947. in Pascagoula, or Jack
SON, Mississippi, New Orleans, Louis
lana. or Memphis, Tennessee, without
cost to the purchaser. Delivery else
where VIII be made at the expense
of the purchaser.
By order of the Board of Super
visors of Jackson County, Mississippi,
this 4th day of November. 1916.
tSesl) FRED TAYLOR,
Clerk, Board of Supervisors
By VERTIS RAMSAY, ID. c.
81 HIS %. 20
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
MurIcE no c-oNTnAcroRs

Sealed bids FOR the cleaning out, ex-
cavatfng, shaping and paving OF the
Drainage Canal at the west border OF
the Eederal Public Housing Authority
Project. located on the east side Of
Market Street between Lincoln. Polk
and Convent Avenues. will be receiv-
ed by the BOARD OF MAYOR &
COUNCILMEE Of the City of Pasca-
eouia. Mississippi until 3 O'Clock, p.
M. on Tuesday, December nth, 1916
at the city Hall in the City OF Pascal
goula. Mississippi, at which time and
place they win then and there be
publicly opened and read aloud.
The work is to include the clearing,
g~rubbing. removal and disposal Of
all trees. bushes. stumps and debris.
the necessary excavation, filling and
fine grading and the paving of d con.
Drainage Canal with the shaping and
sodding of the banks. of said Canal
above said invert. The right Is re-
served to eliminate the. concrete in
vert and sodding from the north p0r-
ton of said Canal to bring the total
cost of the proposed Improvement
within the funds available. This work
must not interfere with existing work
of culvert construction now underway
in said canal at both Lincoln and
Polk Avenues. Said invert Is to
connect with the concrete apron spill
ways AT each end of said proposed
concrete culverts.
Plans and specifications are on
file for inspection at the City Hall
at Pascagoula, Miss, Or same NAV be
obtained from Donald j. Simmons.
Consulting Engineers. Pascagoula. Miss.
upon the deposit of $1,000. This de
posit for one full set of contract docu.
ments will be returned to each actual
bidder upon the return of all con-
tract DOCUMENTS in good condition not
later than five days after the opening
Of bids.
Blds must be submitted on the blank
proposal forms furnished with the
specifications and must ne accom-
panied by Cash, Cashiers Check, Ger
tilted Check or Bid Bond In an ar.
cunt equal 10 not less than 8 percent
of the total amount bid. This bid
security shall be made payable 20 the
City of P~ascagoula. Miss. and VIII DC
penalty. BY any bidder who is award
cd the contract and who fails 10 exc
cute a contract and furnish bond as
provided for in the proposal and
within the specified time.
All bidders are instructed that lhey
mist pay the prevailing wage. rates
for tho various trades involved.
No hid NAV he Withdrawn after
tho scheduled closing time fol. the
receipt of bids for a period OF thirty
The owner reserves the right to
reject II and all bids, and to waive
lnformaiities. The Contract will be
awarded TO the lowest and best re-
az order of tho BOARD OF MAY
OR e. COUNCIL MEN.
CITY OF phSCAGotuA:
MISSISSIPPI
Nv J. r. WATTS, MAYOR.
ATTEST:
v. p. DeJEAN, CITY CLEKk.
i, lip %. 1876, 10
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22

disposition Of the brine is or may be
accomplished by discharge into wa
ter bodies normally OF s~easonaiiy suf-
ficiently saline to preclude any ac-
tual or potential pollution hazard due
TO such discharge.
q These regulations shall apply TO
the wner and operator. If they are
different persons. and IL shall be the
responsibility Of each TO see that
these regulations are complied with
T. Il. NJ Freeman, Director Of Con
~crvatioD. Of the State Game and Fish
Commission, certify hat the forego-
ing Is = true and correct copy of an
order nasscd by the Commission at
its meeting on November 5. 1915, said
order appearing on the pages of Spe-
cial Minute Book 4 of the Commits
sion.
WITNESS my signature and the seal
Of the Commission, this the 18th day
OF November. 1916.
(Seali X. M FREEMAN.
Director Of Conservation
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22

quantities to cause injury or death
10 fish or wiidiife.
T. No substances shall be present
which may cause distinct foreign
tastes In fish. Sampling places and
samplinsa The sampii9g place shall be
perscd in the receiving waters and
mol motc than one thousand 10000
feet below OF above the waste or sew
age outIalt Samples shall be collected
over a minimum period of four "a
hours. the samples shall be taken ap-
proximsteIy every thirty 1907 minutes,
or a minimum total OF eight 90 sam-
pies. The samples collected In a stream
hail be taken normally IN mid-chan-
mel AZ rid depth, or in such a man
ner as 10 obtain samples represent
ing the average conditions of the
stream.
5. All plans, designs. specifications.
and relevant data for the erection
and construction OF treatment works
hereafter by any person or munich
pality for the treatment Of indus-
trial wastes or sewage shall be sub
mltted to the Commission for its ~
prevail before the works are CON
structcd or erected Any such con
struction or erection which has not
been approved by the Commission by
written permit, or any treatment
works, not maintained or operated in
accordance with the rules and regu-
iationS of the Commission, Is here
bs prohibited.
O After construction of an approved
treatment works for Industrial waste
or sewage the Commission shall. at
ter Investigating the operation OF SAID
treatment works. issue a certificate 0i
compliance to the owner or operator
of The treatment work. which certt-
ficate snail he conclusive evidence
that the effiuont discharged by said
treatment works into tho waters of
the state does not result IN pollu=
ton that will tend TO destroy fish
life or other aquatic life or wild OF
domestic animals or fowls or Ia be
Injurious to public health or against
public welfare.
II any investigations shall Disclose
that the treatment work IS not upef-
ating IN accordance with u terms
and specifications of Its permit, tie
Commission may issue an order sus-
pending any certificate OF compliance
therefore issued Ia said treatment
works and shall issue an order re-
quiring Inc treatment works 70 com
ply with the terms and specifications
of its pc init II the treatment works
shall fail 10 comply with said order
within o reasonable time, the Com
mission may issue an order cancel
ling the permit OF said treatment
works and any certificate OF compli-
ancc heretofore issued to said works.
The %revoking OF a permit or eetti
fivate of compliance shall he deemed
evidence of pollution, The Commits
sion may reissue n permit OF Ger
tiffcate of compliance suspended or
cancelled.
4 The effective date OF these regu-
lations shall he November 5, 1916. as
TO industrial waste sewage, per
Mtg, and Certificates OF complt-
ance".
a. Suggested requirements for in
formation furnished by industries to
the Commission regarding kline ana
character of Industrial wastes O
being or To be discharged into The
waters. together with volumes OF How
/ Total in gallons daily;
2 Maximum. minimum and average
rate Of flow in gallons per minute
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
J. R WATTS, Mayor

APPROVED:
BY j. r WATTS. Mayor
ATTEST
STATE oF mississippi
COUNTY OF JACKSON
CRY OF PASCAGOULA
I. v. r DeJean. Clerk of the City
of P~ascagoula. do hereby certify that
the above and foregoing Is q true
and correct copy of Ordinance No %
1876. which Ordinance was duly ana
regularly adopted by the hoard OF
Mayor sud Councilmen at Its regular
meeting held on Friday, November IS,
1916. al n same appears on the min
utes o. seid meeting in my custody.
5fver Under my hand and seal Of
offlse. thus the 18th day of November.
1916.
SEAL
r. DeJEAN. City Clerk.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NONRESIDENT NOTICE

THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Mrs. Alice Pierce Thompson
You are summoned to appear before
the Chancery Court of the County
of Jackson in said State, on the &c
ond Monday of December A. D., 1916,
to defeid suit No. 1881 in said Court
of James p. Thompson VS. Mrs. Alice
Pierce Thompson wherein you are a
defendant. and wherein Complainant
seeks \ decree of divorce as fully set
out in bill on file.
This IL day of November A. D.,
1916.
lSean FRED TAYLOR,
Clerk. Chancery Court,
Jackson County. Mississippi.
By VERTIS G.. RAMSAY. D. G.
al HIS % %. 1926
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NONRESIDENT t

THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Paul stiles
Lorraine. Ohio
You are summoned to appear before
the Chancery Court of the County
of jackson in said State. OF the Sec
ond Monday of December A.. D.. 1916.
to defend suit No. 1925 in said Court
of Mrs. Melcena Stiles VS. Paul STILES
wherein YOU are . defendant, and
wherein Complainant seeks q Decree
Of Divorce as fully set out In bill on
file.
This II day of November A, d.,
1916.
Seal FRED TAYLOR,
Clerk, Crancerv Court.
jackson County. Mississippi.
Bv VERTIS G. RAMSAY. d. c.
a. fttE % % I9-R
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NONRESIDENT NOTICE

THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To MARFRETTE DOTSON STuRGES
You are summoned to appear before
the Chancery Court Of the County
of Jackson in said State, on the Sec
ond Monday of December A. D.. 1916,
To defend suit No. 1928 in said Court
of Roland Joseph Sturges VS. Marerette
Dotson Sturges wherein you are a de
PENDANT. and wherein Complainant
seeks ? Decree of Divorce as tully
set out IN bill on file.
This II day of November A. D..
1916.
(Seall FRED TAYLOR,
Clerk, Chancery Court,
Jackson County. Mississippi.
BY VERTIS G.. RAMSAY. D. c.
az ff-It % %. 1926
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NOTICE
4t II-IF y. ", To
NOTICE OF BOND SALE
GOT 0no

SCHOOL BONDS
WADE CONSOLIDATED sc
DISTRICT OF JACKSON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI
Sealed proposals will be received by
the Board of Supervisors of Jackson
County. Mississippi. at the office OF
said Hoard In the Court House. in the
CITY Of ~PascaEoula. Mississippi. until
The hour Of 2:n0 O'Clock +. M. on Mon
day. the 2nd dav of December. 1916, AT
which time said bid will he publicly
opened for the purchase, at not less
thar naf and accrued interest. of ST.
O School Bonds of Wade Consolidated
School District of said County.
Said bonds are to bear date OF NO
vember |. 1916. are to be of the de-
nomination of $1,000 each, and shall
hear interest at a rate or rates to he
determined pursuant to sale of said
bonds. PAYABLE semt-annually on May
LIST and November lst in each wear.
Both principal of and interest on said
bonds will be payable at the County
Depository of Jackson County. Mis-
sissippi. in the CITY of Paseagoula,
Mississippi. and said bonds shall ma
lure serially, without option of pri-
of payment, on MAY LIST in each OF
the wears as follows;
81. 900 in the year 1913.
$1,000 IN each of the years 1919 to
Bidders are requested to designats
in Their bids the price they viii
paw for bonds bearing interest at q
rate or rates likewise to be desig'
mated in their bids
II is the intention of the Board ol
Supervisors to decide which of the
bids submitted Is the highest upor
the basis of the total interest cost
over the life of the issue. less the
premium specified in the bid.
Proposals should be addressed u
the Board of Supervisors n should
fbe plainly marked PROPOSAL f0i
Bonds" and should be filed with the
Clerk OF the Board on or prior e
this date and TOUT -heretnaDovc nam
ed. Each bid must be accompanied
I'd. Eseh hid mtst he aceamnapiee
or exchange payable 10 the BOARD %
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22

Nv aar-sas.aaH.s+asasssaa sr-snsssssssssaaHsHs#st
CITY OF PASCAGOULA. Owner
BY
Mayor
ATTEST
BY
Clerk
SECTION 2. The above and foreEo-
ing Ordinance having been introduced
~ thu a regular meeting Of the
poard held ON Friday November /
1916. BY Councilman Beckham. and
the sa.ne having been considered
marked and introduced and filed
nv the Clerk. the same having been
read. d-cussed and considered para
srapb bv paragraph. section BY section
end = aa As a whole. was upon mo-
lion maee by Councilman DeJean. duly
seran6ed and regularly adopted BY the
following vote. to=Vtt
~Reekhan1. ave
neleaH. s
"f~st I'VE
CSFALl ~
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NOTICE

NOTICE
The Board of Supervisors OF jack
son County. Mississippi will receive
sealed proposals for the furnishing 30
Jackson County. Mississippi; Il,
Two t2l copies controlled Aerial
Mosaic Macs. covering all the area OF
jackson County. Miss, Maps TO pc
furnished in 1874 minute. quap-
rangle units of latitude and longi-
tude. mounted on cardboard az a
scale OF one inch equals lOpo feet
with Township. Range and Section
lines and Distance of Section lines
as shown by Governmental survey
drafted on the mosaics, a.,
Sealed proposals to be filed with
the Clerk OF Board Nof Supervisors
Al P~ascasoula. Mississippi, on or be-
fore loco o'clock A. M. on the 9Th
day of january, l947.
The board Of Supervisors reserves
the right 10 reject any and all u
SUPERVISORS. the 18th day of No
vember. A D., 1916
X. Is ......".a~sss.-. .'''s..ss-s.a.. 80
X. w. BURNHAM. President
FRED TAYLOR. Clerk
Nv VERTIS C. RAMSAY, d c.
"a. M ~ n
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NONRESIDENT NOTICE

NONRESIDENT NOTICE
No. 1890
THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Isiah Alexander
1920 East 4ist Place
Los Angeles. California
You are summoned to appear be
~ of Jackson in said State. on the
Second Monday of December A. D.,
1896. to defend suit No, 300 in said
Court OF Ellen Alexander VS. Isiah
Alexander wherein you are a defend
ant. and wherein Complainant seeks
a Decree of Divorce as fully set out
In bill or file.
THIS a day of October A. Il. 1916.
(SeaD FRED TAYLOR
Clerk. Chancery Court.
Jackson County, Mississippi.
nv VERTtS q. RAMSAY. D. c.
a. iii. a. IS, %
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-11-22
NONRESIDENT NOTICE

No. 1888
THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
To Mary Smith, Mobile. Ala.
You ave. summoned to appear be
fore the Chancery Court of the Coun-
ty of Jackson in said State. on the
Second Monday of December A.. DI
1916, to defend suit No. 1888 In said
Court of Richard Smith VS. Mary
Smith. Wherein you are a defendant,
and wherein Complainant seeks a de
cree of divorce as fully set out / n
bill on file.
This - day of November A. D., 1946.
SEAL
Chancery Court.
Jackson County, Mississippi.
BY Vertis c.. Ramsay, ID. c.
Al i1.1h % 20 12-R