davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-27
A Practical Memorial
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Recently while driving on Route /
just south of Alexandria on my way to
Fort Belvoir, I heard an announcement
over a local radio station that a war
regard to donations, certain phone
number should be dialed.
I wondered what type Of memorial
had been planned, and since at that
where the Potomac backf1ows to form
a swamp on each side of Route l,
could not help but visualize what a per-
feet setting that would be for a memo
rial park. The swamps could be dredged
out and the dirt used to fill in adjacent
lowlands.
The benefits of such a living, useful
park in contrast to a useless stone struc-
ture Is evident. Such a park, where
young people could 60 boating, play
tennis or share in other games in a
pavilion that eventually could be built,
would do much to reduce juvenile delin-
quency. Money spent on such a memo
rial would pay high dividends in social
benefits and would eliminate what now
Is health hazard
II such living memorial to the war
dead has not been considered, hope
the committee in charge will give it
serious consideration.
M. PAUL MAINS,
Captain, NJ. c.
Evening star., 1946-03-27
The 'Reactionary' Star

To the Editor Of The Star:
IF you can keep your head when all
around you are losing theirs and blam-
ing it on you-"
The Star is not becoming completely
reactionary," as Fred Hartman charges,
but some liberals" are losing completely
the ability to think straight.
There are at least two sides to every
question, and in America it still is con-
sidered desirable to present more than
one point of view. Frank Kent offsets
Lowell Mellett, the other commentators
offer their varying views, and The Stars
editorials stand over them all like
Justice balancing the scales.
If Mr.. Hartman wants only truthful
reporting, The Star is leader in this
field, and he can skip the commentators.
AS to whether The Stars editorials
reflect actual public opinion, one per-
sons view is as good as another's on
this. The best any editor can do is to
be Intellectually honest and discuss,
fairly and fearlessly, the issues of the
day as he sees them. That is what The
Star does, and I applaud it even when
I disagree with it.
PAULINE D. TAYLOR.
Friendly, Md.
Evening star., 1946-03-27
Vice Admiral Vickery

The American merchant marine
has lost a stanch friend and cham
pion in the death of Vice Admiral
Howard L. Vickery. With Vice
Admiral Emory S. Land he formed
one of the most remarkable ship
building teams in the Nations his
tory. 1t was under the untiring and
determined leadership of this team
that America worked the miracles
of cargo ship construction that pro-
duced in amazingly short time the
bridge of ships" that undoubtedly
saved the day for our hard-pressed
Allies across the Atlantic and that
played so large a role in bringing
defeat to Germany and Japan.
During the First World War he
learned flrsthand how important it
was to have such bridge Of ships
He was aboard the first warship
assigned to guard our conveys to
Europe and he emerged from that
war an enthusiastic campaigner for
a strong peacetime merchant marine
as vital factor in national defense.
AS result Of his study of the Moro
Castle disaster, he and his subordi-
mates recommended safety measures
that have revolutionized fire pro-
lection techniques in merchant ship
design. From 1887 on he applied
his talents intensively to the prob
lem OF building up our merchant
marine in the face first of mounting
war omens and later under actual
stress OF wartime demands.
Before the war ended he had be-
come chairman of a postwar plan
ming committee to promote a long
range ship construction program
designed to make this country an
outstanding maritime nation. His
energies in this direction had much
to do with sapping his strength and
undermining his health, with the
result that he was placed on the
retired list of the Navy last year
and, at his own request, relieved of
his responsibilities as vice chairman
of the Maritime Commission. The
shipbuilding feats of the recent war
will be lasting measure Of Admiral
Vickery'S invaluable services to his
country.
Evening star., 1946-03-27

In addition, the delay in Iran and
Manchuria may be dlie to q clumsy
method adopted by the Soviet govern
ment to dramatic its claims in both
regions. Instead of undermining legiti-
mate claims, these actions irritate public
opinion In this country and strengthen
ant-Russian advocates.
The beginning of the break in the
clouds, which seems to be on the way,
has probably been in England There
it became slowly evident, after the
Bevin-Vishinsky brawls a few weeks
ago, that the rank and file of the Labor
party were not happy about Attlee-
Bevin diplomacy. Protests began to
appear against the Labor governments
following too closely the line of the old
Conservatives. Several influential news
papers protested that Mr.. Churchill, in
his American speeches, was helping to
intensity new war of nerves" And
over the past 10 years, English nerves
have had about all they can stand.
Our State Department deserves some
credit, too, not only for making the
American position clear, but for stalking
all its hopes on the UNO. Weeks ago,
it made clear that there would be no
weakening Of the UNO by further Big
Three meetings. The UNO was ready
to 60, and all hands were summoned
to get aboard.
The way is long and hard. It Is not
simple task for empires to readjust
themselves to new order of things.
But progress is being made toward
that end
Rsleased by the Associated Newspapers, Incl
Evening star., 1946-03-27
DR.. Buffers Warning
Bv RAYMOND MoIev

For good many years, DR.. Nicholas
Murray Butler fought against failing
eyesight. And for nearly so years, he
assumed a double responsibility. He
directed the affairs of a great uni
public affairs. He fought hard for
better international relations, despite
the disappointments which came with
two great wars He never lost faith in
the peoples wish for peace.
Now, at "a, Dr. Butler is totally blind
But the fact that his insight lives on
is shown by his statement on Iran. He
makes the point that Britain enjoys
large oil concessions in Persia, and that
Russia is entitled peaceably to have a
share. He also suggests that Russia
should have free access to the Baltic
and the Dardanelles. On the latter,
he says, Russia should have a port
under treaty
What is needed is new deal all
around, says DR.. Butler, in effect.
Soviet delaying actions in many
theaters of stress are, of course, irri-
tating That Is partly due to the
indescribably stiff bureaucracy inherited
from the .Czars. The suspicion and
espionage of the iron Communist polit-
ical machine is overlaid on the red
tape of the empire. The result is slow
communications and fear by lesser
men all along the line of making mis-
takes Everybody chooses to do nothing,
rather than to risk a mistake and
punishment. Hence, slow and numbering
troop excavations and poor civil ar
rangements for maintaining order after
the military leaves.
Evening star., 1946-03-27
with extinction than any other
country in Europe

with extinction than any other
country in Europe"
1t should be understood that, while
the present controversy is specifi-
cally over Austria, much the same
condition prevails in other liberated
countries OF Europe under Russian
military occupation. From the first,
the Russian armies seem to have
Systematically lived of the country,
and it appears to be a settled Rus
sian policy to have these forces ag-
gregating millions, maintained by
the occupied areas, regardless of its
effects upon local situations. With
UNRRA's overall supplies so made
quate at best. such violations of
Russia's UNRRA obligations are es-
pecially intolerable.
Evening star., 1946-03-27
This Changing World
By Constantine Brorn

than by following policy of defiance
On the other hand, the more inf1uen-
tial Molotov- -Vishinsky team is said to
be taking an entirely different view and
to be urging Stain to beat the iron
while 1t Is hot. These two men are re-
ported to be convinced that before Rus
sia settles down as a loyal member of
the UNO she must obtain all the terri
security. Iran, Turkey and Manchuria
of Russias security policy
The speculation in Washington and in
London is that Prime Minister Stain,
who always listens to the advice of his
underlings before deciding his course.
Is today torn between these two schools
Of political thought and has not made
up his mind which to follow.
The appeasing interview he gave the
Associated Press, together with the an
nouncements from Moscow that the Red
Army was withdrawing from Iran and
would be out Of the country in five or
six weeks, created burst of optimism
throughout the Western World and par
ticularly in the United States.
The news blackout which is now cov-
ering Iran makes it impossible to form
definite opinion as to whether this is
just another maneuver to place Russia
in favorable light before the UNO or
whether Stain has rejected the ag-
gressive policies of Mr. Molotov and Mr..
Vishinsky.
These factors, however, will not deter
the American representatives at the
Security Council from pushing for a
solution Of the Russo-Iranian dispute
within the framework of the United
Nations Organization AS the situation
stands today, Mr.. Byrnes, backed by the
majority of the II representatives in
the Council, is determined to demand
that any agreement should be presented
to the Council for It's approval The
Russians claim that an agreement with
the Iranlan government has either been
already reached or is by way of being
reached
The conflicting statements Of the
Iranian premier who says one day that
the dispute has been settled and then
denies the next day that he said what
Is reported to have been said. will not
influence the policy Of having the entire
matter Strengthened out under the con-
troll Of the Council. The lack of COM
munications with Teheran raises suspi-
cion over the conflicting statements of
the 1ranian leader and strengthens the
belief that Premier Qavam is under
direct pressure either from Soviet Am
bassador Sadiikov or from the Tudeh
leaders
But these considerations will not af-
feet our stand at the Council Mr..
Byrnes is now convinced that any ges-
ture toward old-fashioned appeasement
will spell the death knell of the UNO.
Evening star., 1946-03-27
Servicemen's S Pow

There was persuasive logic in the
arguments advanced at the Capitol
by Secretaries Forrestal and Patter-
son in support of an immediate 20
per cent increase in pay for officers
and men of the Army and Navy. At
a time when both services are en-
deavoring to revitalize and stabilize
their enlisted and officer strength
after a too-hasty rehabilitation that
has left our defenses seriously weak
ened, 1t is essential that the armed
forces be made more attractive as
career than they are today under
their outmoded pay systems.
Secretary Forrestal pointed out
that the average enlisted mans pay
today, including food, disqualification
and clothing, is $158 a month, of
which his "take-home" pay is only
$40. BY contrast, the average worker
in heavy industry receives from 5000
to $286 per month. Secretary Pat
terson declared that this disparity in
wages makes it difficult to obtain
recruits of the type needed or to
hold onto men who have learned
skills in the service which, If ap-
piled outside the Army, would en-
able them to earn much higher pay
for their families.
The problem regarding officers
salaries is particularly distressing,
with high-ranking officers leaving
the service nearly every day to ac-
cept more lucrative work in private
industry. The demotion Of officers
from temporary wartime rank to
regular peacetime rank, usually sey-
eral grades lower. is aggravating the
situation. When it is considered that
officers pay has remained virtually
Evening star., 1946-03-27
On the Record
By Dorothy Thomson

Eastern Europe, without Germany, Is to
Russian
But the idea of western bloc has
been howled down by the Soviets and
the Soviet parties abroad. What Is
needed Is an independent Europe
throughout all its parts, under such con-
ditions that it cannot be dominated or
used by Russia against the west, or by
the west against Russia, which means,
among other things, much stronger
world organization than the present
structure of UNO.
Real peace between the west and the
Soviets also will not come to pass as
long as Communist parties act as out
posts for the Soviet Union and conspire
to weaken the internal order of all Rus
sia's potential enemies, which seems
to mean everybody. Peoples regarded
and treated as potential enemies usu-
ally become real enemies, and the Com
munist parties abroad are not Soviet
assets but the Soviets' worst liabilities.
from the standpoint of peace-as the
German American Bund in the United
States was Germanys worst liability.
The Canadian spy case spreads more
alarm among the average American cit
lzen than does the case of Iran German
Communists created almost as many
Hitlerites as Hitler himself American
or European parties may reasonably ad-
vocate the naturalization of productive
property, but when they act as agents
Of a foreign power they turn every
decent patriot against their masters.
Unity requires mutual concessions not
continual one-way appeasements. and
no one is a true or intelligent friend of
the Russian nation or people who en-
courages them to believe the contrary.
The theory Of the all-wisdom of Soviet
leaders before and during the war is
another myth. Had their mouthpieces
in this country succeeded in keeping
America disarmed and unprepared. Rus
Sia would have lost the war. If Churchill
had not held fast in dreadful moment
for Britain and rejected the Hess mis-
sion, Russia would certainly have lost
the war
Iran is not the only danger spot.
There Is Turkey there is Trieste If
UNO Is to be whole series of crises
relations inevitably will deteriorate.
This country, and every citizen of 1t.
will respond to every move that the
Soviets make toward creating under
standing on a mutual and reciprocal
basis. But We have too recently had
bitter experience of peace talk accom-
panying aggression. direct or indirect.
to place our trust in words alone. We
remember too well that in all of Hitler's
published speeches, every one except
the Germans was a warmonger And
If Stain reafdrms his loyalty to UNO.
could he well have said the contrary?
Released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1946-03-27

As write this article do not know
what will have developed in the dis
cussion Of the Iranian question by the
Security Council, before it Is printed.
There is hope that the issue will not
cause break, and there is determine
tion that whatever settlement may have
been reached between Teheran and
Moscow should not compromise the in
dependence and territorial integrity of
Iran.
But such compromises as have hither-
to been made for the unity" of the Big
Three have resulted in the Soviets get
ting 80 per cent of what they were
after. The independence and freedom
of the East European states, except for
territories annexed by the Soviets, were
also mutually agreed on. The Western
Allies conceded that the Soviets had
a right to friendly governments in
these areas, but learned to their
chagrin that being friendly" to the
Soviet Union means being unfriendly to
Britain and the United States
We know that Soviet demands on
Hitler included Iran, Iraq, the Darda-
nelles and enough Of Saudi Arabia to
control the Persian Gulf For these
the Soviets were willing to conclude
a military alliance with the Axis One
may assume that the object of the
Soviet offer was to prevent the Ger
mans, who had abandoned the hope of
successful invasion of Britain, from
attacking Britain by the backdoor of
the empire through the Dardanelles
Russia did not want German troops In
an area where she herself would be ex-
posed. The Germans did not want the
Russians where they would be exposed,
and unable to conduct their own cam
paign. So the pact broke
No great power must control these
areas, which does not mean that all
great powers should not have a fair
share of access to their oil reserves or
that Russia should not have free access
to the western seas.
Russia, like Britain and ourselves, does
not want war. But wars happen when,
as the result of series of appeasements,
great powers are encouraged to over
reach themselves. That point has come
with the Soviet Union. Russia has been
an expansionist power for three Gen.
turies-contrary to current myths-but
her history shows her always to have
been cautious: to have expanded into
vacuums without major risks.
Nor is Russia to blame for taking
fullest advantage of the Security
Sphere" concept which was accepted by
western leaders also. 1t was danger
Gus idea in the first place, and the Rus
slams have fought it whenever it was of
advantage to the security of the west
Western Europe is more important to
British-and American-security than
Evening star., 1946-03-27
Living Off the Country

The series of proposals made at
the UNRRA convention at Atlantic
City by C. Tyler Wood of the State
Department brings into the open
another of those issues which di-
vide the western powers from the
Soviet Union. Mr.. Wood charges
that the large Russian armies of oc-
cupation in Austria have requisi-
toned large areas OF farm land to
feed these troops at moment when
that unfortunate country is faced
with mass starvation, and that such
actions are contrary to both the let
ter and the spirit of the UNRRA
agreement, to which Russia has sub
scribed. Mr.. Wood further asserts
that the local Russian military au-
thorities had earlier agreed with
those of the other Allied occupation
forces that no local foodstuffs should
be taken for such purposes.
The gravity of the situation was
explained by Mr.. Wood when he said
that even one-half of the acreage
requisitioned by the Russians would
feed 250.000 people for year, and
he went on: Amy military attached
to government which is a men,
ber of UNRRA which diverts supplies
from the use of the nation, denies
the very principles to which it is
obligated under UNRRA." He then
urged adoption of his proposal
which limited the taking of local
supplies by occupying armies to fresh
foods, such as fresh fruits and vege-
tables, of which there is a surplus,
and also that local supplies of oil
and gasoline found in occupation
territories should be made available
to UNRRA for transport and distri-
button of its food and other supplies.
This program has been opposed
from the start by the Russian dele
CATION, and Soviet satellite members
have either kept silent or. in the
case OF Czechoslovakia, have frankly
stated: Under present circum-
stances we can't take a stand" On
the other hand, the British delega-
tion has Fundamentally supported
the American proposal, stating that
its information indicated that Aus
tria now "is more nearly threatened
Evening star., 1946-03-27
The Only True God
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Replying to the letter of Moses Stein
berg, I submit: The God who created
the heavens and earth and all that in
them is-besides whom there is no Sa-
viour-is the only true and everlasting
God, and is TO be worshiped in spirit and
in truth as the Father to whom Christ
as His own begotten Son prayed and
overcame the world, the flesh and the
devil, and to Him every knee must bow
to the glory of His Spirit-Parent, to
whom He will submit all things after
He has destroyed mans last enemy
which is death, that God may be all
in all. See Corinthians, xv28
NJ M PADEN
Evening star., 1946-03-27

A heavy curtain of secrecy seems to
have enveloped Iran.
Since last Saturday night there have
been no direct of1lcial communica tions
between Washington and Teheran Un-
der these circumstances the American
Government Is unable to learn from it's
own representatives whether Moscow's
announcement that the Russians are
evacuating their forces can be consid-
cred as fact or fiction.
Even If we had been in communi-
cation with our Embassy it would have
been difficult to- find out what was
happening to the north Of the capital,
since it is impossible for foreigners to
travel freely in that area.
In the past, however, the American
officials in Teheran were able to pick
up some valuable information which
they relayed to Washington Today the
picture OF what is going on is COM
pletely blurred
The Moscow picture is not much
clearer and no first-hand information
as to the actual plans and intentions
OF the Russian Government can be ex-
pected until our new Ambassador, 1t.
Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, arrives in
the Soviet capital.
Our Embassy in Moscow is now head
ed by Charge d'Affaires, very able
foreign service officer, George Kennan.
But, according to the protocol, a mere
Charge dAffaires has no access to the
highest ranking officials in the Soviet
Union, except to present notes and
memoranda. 1t is difficult, therefore,
for the Charge d'Affaires to send to
Washington more than surmises of the
actual frame Of mind of those who are
directing Russia's foreign policies.
According to the dispatches being re-
ceived from the Soviet capital in Wash
ington and London, it appears that
while Prime Minister Stain wishes to
slow down the tempo of Russias for
eign policy there are two sets of ad-
visers whose ideas do not tally.
In the reshuff1ing of the Russian for
eign commissariat. the former Ambas-
sador to Washington, Maxim Litvinof,
has been given the position equivalent
to that OF an Assistant Secretary of
State in our country. Although he is
the lowest ranking of the four new
assistants to Foreign Commissar Molo-
tov, Mr.. Litvinoff, who at one time
represented Russia at Geneva, is still
regarded as strong League of Ma
tions man"
Those who can do no more than
speculate on the future trends Of the
Soviet's policy read some significance
In Mr. Litvinoff being brought out of
his temporary eclipse" and believe that
he Is attempting to influence his Prime
Minister to adopt a policy based on
world cooperation. He Is said to be
convinced that Russia can obtain much
more by cooperating with the UNO
Evening star., 1946-03-27
To Tighten q Burden

FROM LIE Jour tMontreaD.
Canadians realize the extraordinary
Importance taken on in twenty years by
our Ministry of Foreign Affairs. That
fact is entirely in Mr. Kings honour. If
it is primarily due to the normal develop
ment of our country it is due also, in a
lesser degree, to the wise manner in
which Mr.. King has managed and his
excellent work in external affairs. But
for this very reason, the new Importance
of this Ministry and the greater and
greater independence which our foreign
policy has acquired, it is more necessary
today than ever to name Minister who
will give all his time and attention to ex-
ternal affairs. 1t seems that the fune-
tions of a Prime Minister of Canada con-
stitute heavy enough task; from now
on the man who occupies that position
should hold no other portfolio, the i'm
portance of which and the duties at
tached to which will only increase in the
future
Evening star., 1946-03-27

at standstill for the past thirty
eight years, the magnitude OF the
injustice done commissioned officers
during the intervening era OF rising
pay scales in nearly every other line
OF work becomes apparent.
The 20 per cent horizontal increase
proposed by the War and Navy Sec
retaries would serve, in some degree,
to compensate for the increase in
living costs since prewar days, but
1t would not, OF course, correct many
of the basic inequalities which exist
in the patchwork Army-Navy pay
structure as it now exists. What is
urgently needed is thoroughgoing
overhaul and modernization of the
whole structure, from top to bottom.