davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-19
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

CHICAGO, Oct. 1s-With the election
less than three weeks in the future,
Republican hopes are running high in
Illinois, while the Democratic forces
are seeking desperately to rally the
voters who went to town for the late
Franklin D. Roosevelt two years ago.
Hard-fghting Mayor Ed Kelly, vet
eran Democratic boss of Chicago and
the outstanding Democratic figure in
the State, Is going grimly to work to
have his organization hitting on all
cylinders by November 5. election day.
This is the organization that rolled up
lead for Mr.. Roosevelt in this city in
1914 of 417,000. The mayor, who played
an important part In the nomination
of President Truman for Vice Presi-
dent in the Democratic National Con-
vention two years ago, is doing his best
to convince Democrats, independents
and radicals that their only hope is to
stick by President Truman and elect
Democrats IN the congressional races.
There are 10 House seats at stake in
Cook County, which includes Chicago
and in the present Congress only one
the tenth-is held by the Republicans.
The mayor insists that the organiza-
tion-the machine" it is called by
the Republicans as efficient as it
ever was and he sees no reason to be-
lieye the Democrats will drop any of
the congressional districts in the Cook
County area, although he admits there
are real contests in several.
There is no smallest doubt, however
that Mayor Kelly was delighted when
President Truman lifted the controls
from meat. The meat business is a
tremendous concern in Chicago, en-
ploying thousand of persons. OF these
thousands, many have been thrown out
OF work due to the meat stringency. AS
the mayor sees 1t, these thousands will
now go back to work in ever-increaslng
numbers and will vote the Democratic
ticket. That, however, is not the way
the Republicans see it. They say that
in the first place many of these work
ers have found other employment and
are by no means beholden to Mr.. Tru-
man, who, they feel, was responsible
for their losing their jobs in the first
place. And others who have been out
OF work are resentful and will not get
over it just because an eleventh-hour
decision by the President. before the
election, gives them a chance to work
again.
The Mayor, who strongly opposed the
denomination of the then Vice President
Henry A. Wallace at the time Of the
1914 Democratic Convention, is appar-
emily entirely willing to go along in
the invitation to the ousted former
Secretary of Commerce to be the prin-
cipal speaker at big political rally
in Chicago November |. Mr.. Wallace
is being brought here to appeal partic-
ularly to the left-wingers and other
radicals, whose darling he has been.
This in itself is significant Of the anxiety
of the Democrats, including the Mayor
The auditorium seats $4,000 and the
Evening star., 1946-10-19

Democrats hope to fill it for Mr.. Wal
lace. 1t will be his first visit since Presi-
dent Truman demanded his resignation
from the cabinet
There is a reason back of the invita-
ton to MIR. Wallace to come to Chicago
and put in lick for Democratic candi-
dates. He was primarily the candidate
of the CIO, which had a hundred or
more members among the delegates to
the Democratic National Convention
two years ago. for denomination of the
Vice President. According to all &C
counts. the CIO still loves him.
Today in Illinois, and particularly in
and around Chicago. the CIO is ap-
parently not the effective organization,
politically as it was in 1914. That is,
not as efficient in lining up votes for
the Democratic ticket. This is the same
story told by CIO leaders in California,
Missouri and other States when they
take down their back hair. In the first
place, the CIO, Notwithstanding all that
Mr. Truman has done for it, has no
such love for him as it had for Mr..
Roosevelt. 1t is lukewarm, and in some
sections actually hostile to the admin
istration Why, some of its members
say. should we go out and fight?
In the Chicago area, too, the CIO has
been engaged in an effort to throw out
Communists who had wormed their
way into some key offices in the organi-
zation. These intraorganization rows
have caused bad feeling, which does not
tend to make the CIO as effective in the
political campaign as it has been.
Mayor Kelly Is up for reelection next
year, if he determines to run for Office
again. He has made no announcement
of his plans. but it Is generally accepted
that he will be candidate. 1t is up
to him, therefore. to keep his organiza-
ton rolling at top speed in the coming
elections There are strategic offices in
the city and Cook County that must be
held. The Republicans have great
respect for the effectiveness of Mr..
Kelly and his machine for they have
seen what it could do in the past. The
COP hopes that, with a real Republican
swing-if it materializeS-it will be able
TO reduce greatly the Kelly majorities.
One Republican spokesman even went
so far as to say that if the swing is on,
the party might carry Cook County.
Such a thing has not happened in
years-not since the days Of the Re-
publican machine under Big Bill
Thompson.
The mayor and his administration
in recent months have been under at
tack for schools, taxes slot machines and
a crime wave But Mayor Kelly is used
to such attacks. From one source. how
ever-the Chicago Tribune-the attacks
have been severe. Col Mccormick and
his powerful newspaper have thrown
the works at the Mayor. In the past,
Mayor Kelly has had support at times
from the Tribune: its. attacks, when they
came, have been more or less shadow
boxing
Evening star., 1946-10-19
A Stopqup Measure

In this age of electronlcS, atomic
energy and other wonders. nothing
could be clearer than the fact that
the United States must systemati-
cally exploit all the frontiers OF
science. It must do this for it's own
good-for it's economic and social
well-being and for it's security. Not
to do it, or to do it haphazardly,
would be to be recklessly neglectful
of field which no nation can safely
ignore or treat as a side interest.
This was the sound reasoning be-
hind the effort during the last ses-
sion of Congress to enact legislation
creating a national science founda-
tion. The purpose of the foundation,
as advocated by President Truman,
was to promote and support scien-
tific research and development, and
coordinate them as much as pos
sible. To this end, the agency, be-
sides correlating the activities car
ried on by scientists in the different
Federal departments, was to coop
crate closely with private industries
and universities in many different
ways, including the financing OF
special projects and the granting
of scholarships to young people OF
proved talent.
However, although supported in
it's essentials by every scientist OF
note and although approved by the
Senate, the enabling legislation
failed to pass the House before Con-
gress went home. AS a result of this,
there has been no system where
there should be system-a deficiency
now met In part by the executive
order just issued by President Tru-
man to set up q research board
headed by Reconversion Director
steelman and made up of cabinet
members and other top Federal Off
cials. The board has the respon-
sibility of trying to prevent duplica-
ton of effort and inefhciency in the
Governments own scientific prof.
ects. It also has broad instructions
to promote the speedy and effective
application OF wartime chronological
developments to peaceful uses. in
dustrial. agricultural, medical, etc.
But this obviously is makeshift
arrangement. and the President
Evening star., 1946-10-19
Military Training Needs
By George Fielding Eliot

individuals point of view, that it takes
him away from the normal pursuit of
his education and career for only six
months instead of full year.
There has been tendency to feel
that even six months, considered from
this viewpoint, is too long The Ameri
can Legion and the National Guard
Association have recommended four
months-thus hoping to bring the period
of initial training within the compass
of summers vacation. But any one
who has ever had anything to do with
training recruits should realize that
this will not do.
1t is the opinion Of the War Depart
ment-of the people who know what
can and cannot be done with recruits
that a four months training period
would be a waste of the public money,
and that if nothing better can be OBJ
tanned the whole project should be aban-
doned and that the money should be
spent to improve our national security
in other ways.
Surely the time has come for this
subject to be calmly and thoroughly
examined by disinterested commission
of eminent civilians, and recommen-
dation presented to the President, the
Congress and the people after careful
study and after hearing all available
views, This writer has repeatedly urged
that this be done. 1t is not too late to
do it now, and it may be said that the
War Department is heartily in favor
of the immediate appointment of such
a commission and perfectly willing to
rest its case on the outcome OF the
commissions deliberations.
(Copyright, 1946)
Evening star., 1946-10-19
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Br0wn

Secretary Of State Byrnes, who re-
ceived a presidential "well done" on his
return to Washington Thursday, is now
back at his desk struggling with num-
ber of major problems.
Since last March, when. he started
preparing Americas brief for the For
eign Ministers conferences, Mr.. Byrnes
has devoted his thoughts and energy
almost exclusively to European matters.
Inevitably he has taken only a super
fetal interest in Middle Eastern and Far
Eastern matters, although they are po-
tentially even more explosive than Euro
peansuuestions.
The Secretary of State had little to do
with the American notes sent to Moscow
by Washington in connection with the
Turkish Russian dispute over the Dar-
danelles. These were drafted by Acting
Secretary of State Dean Acheson and
were approved by President Truman
after consultation with the Secretaries
of War and Navy and the respective
Chiefs of Staff. Mr.. Byrnes was, OF
course informed of their contents and
sent word to Washington that he could
not improve on them.
He was not consulted about the state
ment by President Truman on October
in connection with Jewish immigration
into Palestine. Although on the surface
this was an international question in
volving the United States, Great Britain
and the Arab states, its major objective
was domestic politics, in which the Sec
retary of State takes only mild interest
at this time.
4 4 X
Mr.. Byrnes has kept aloof from the
Chinese wasps, nest. His hands were
full with the many aspects OF the peace
treaties in Europe and he was not in
q position to direct the State Depart
mcnts or Gen. Marsnall's policies from
Paris. The Chinese situation is a major
problem in itself and the same forces
which brought to naught the efforts of
the American delegation at Paris are
playing for continuation of the highly
critical situation in China.
Mr.. Byrnes and his associates who
have returned from Paris believe their
Evening star., 1946-10-19
SATURDAY, October 10, 1916
A Lot of Work to Do

It is too bad that the people of the
United States were unable to sit on
the sidelines yesterday and watch a
meeting of hundred or so repre-
sentatives of Washington organiza-
tions discuss plans for election day.
They would have carried away
with them two impressions: One, the
refreshing enthusiasm shown by
adult Americans over the prospect
of voting in an unofficial plebiscite
on the question of whether they
want voting rights; second, the
earnest willingness of all the
volunteers to make the election a
success by setting up the improvised
voting machinery necessary IN the
absence of any legally defined voting
rules.
To a great many members Of this
imaginary sideline audience the dis
covery of a community of American
citizens, still talking about a problem
that most of them must think was
settled with the Declaration of indie
pendence, would come as shock
and surprise. One of our Difficult
ties over getting the vote here has
been the incredible lack of knowl-
edge throughout the country of the
condition which eliminates voting
rights from the scheme of govern
ment in Washington.
And one of the chief objectives OF
the November plebiscite should be
to advertise this condition to the
people in the States. A great turn
out of prospective voters will do 1t.
There is no question, in the opinion
of The Star, as to the outcome OF the
voting itself. The only question Is
the ability of the volunteers, in the
short time remaining before Novem-
ber 5, to make available the facilities
for voting and tabulating the results.
1t is going to mean a lot OF hard
work. Judging from the initial
meeting yesterday of the hastily
organized General Committee, a
gratifyingly large number of people
are willing and anxious to do the
work.
Evening star., 1946-10-19
The Symphony Porty Line

From the New York Herald Tribune.
Dmitri Shostakovitch, the composer,
seems to be joining Maxim Litvinov,
the statesman, as the victim of ups
and downs on that communistic tight
rope which citizens" of the Soviet,
high or low, tread in uneasy balance.
Culture and Life, official publication
of the propaganda department of the
Communist Party's Central Committee,
came out this week with an article vio-
lently attacking Shostakovitch's Ninth
Symphony" The composition, which at
first hearing had been hailed in Mos
COW as "a triumph of our great victory"
is now declared by Culture and Life's
critic to have theological impurities and
deviations' and to contain tendencies
which reflect the "unwholeSome infiu-
ence" of Igor Stravinsky, the Russian
born composer who is now a citizen Of
the United States.
Dmitri ShoStakovitch, who has figured
as a sort of problem child in the odd
family life of Soviet art and propa-
ganda, has been both praised and
spanked in Russia. Pravda, in 1886,
regarded a ballet and opera of his as
"un-Soviet," the adverse criticism ap-
pearing after Josef Stain had attended
a performance. On the other hand,
Shostakovitch's Seventh Symphony"
written in besieged Leningrad. where
the composer served as fire fighter, ditch
digger and member of the Peoples
Militia, won complete recognition and
applause.
We sympathize with the task of music
critics in Russia. Listening for ideo-
logical impurities in symphony strikes
us as difficult job. Beethoven, we
remember, was not above writing a
"Bonaparte" or a battle" symphony
on occasion. But the notion of having
to turn out symphonies which must
continuously and only keep pace with
party line like that of Moscow's would,
we think, make Beethoven's great ghost
revisit uneasily the echoing moonlight.
1t is safe bet that harried Shosta-
kovitch at present rather envies Igor
Stravinsky regarded by Culture and Life
as "an artist without fatherland."
Evening star., 1946-10-19
This and That
BIZ Charles E. TraceUell.

JEANNE, 4, stood shouting happily on
a peak of knowledge
Il know what did means she cried.
"It means I dood itn"
When you stop to think of 1t, 1t is an
amazing thing that most of us manage
to get through the exigencies of talking
and writing as well as We do.
We skate furiously over all the gram
mar and syntaX we used to know with
out realizing in the least where We are
going now, yet manage to come out very
well at the periods.
Most persons would get the mental
stammers, sometimes called the heebie-
jeebies, If they tried to think about
grammatical construction as they went
along.
What is the secret, then, of their sue
cess in the everyday?
1t, of course, is training. They have
the proper foundation Gas it used to be
called and they have kept it up by
practice-much practice-and reading
Reading, after all, is the basis of all
talking and writing.
Reading will do it.
The man or woman who Is genuinely
well read, in the best sense of that
SOIlGIlIuGS dUuSCu WILL AIlOW IlOW
both to talk and write.
But to be well read means more than
just the latest best-sellers.
It means everything that Is in print,
and as much of Everything" as 1t Is
possible to get through.
The really good reader, then, Is ON
niverous.
1t is impossible for such person to
dislike one-tenth as much writing as
others so glibly say they dislike.
"Oh, I can't stand Dickens" or "Oh,
Emerson gives me pain.
Such an attitude is impossible to the
reading man or woman.
He or she wants to read these, as well
as all the others And the beauty of
much reading is that if you become so
saturated with words, you begin to find
good in all.
The difference between Dickens and
one of our latest young novelists is just
where the charm lies.
There is Wilderness in such view,
wholesome latitude that knows no carp
ing at any one just because it Is differ
ent from some one else.
The good reader takes everything in
print, and gets something from it. He
has read the books of old Gov. Peck,
who wrote "Peck's Bad Boy" and many
successors. He has read every book in
every list of "the hundred best books" :"
The name of Raymond Chandler, the
king of the hard-boiled detective stories,
is as familiar to him as the names of
the bearded writer's who used to look
down on him from the wall of his fifth
grade classroom.
In his youth he was not above pick
ing up patent medicine almanacs and
reading them, too. He loved to find old
deserted books in attics, and can recall
happy moments with an ancient Ma
terra Medica."
So, if you want to know how to read
and write, and talk, too, read all you
can, at all times, and in as many moods
as possible.
This is good advice, particularly for
young people, but might be taken to
heart, also, by many of their elders,
especially those persons who have per-
mitted themselves the luxury of setting
up too many restrictions on what they
read We never will forget the sight
of a man in the back of paper col
lection truck. A trash wagon, in other
words. There he was, oblivious to the
rolling traffic of which he was part,
seated on bale of paper, and reading
an old book he had picked up. He, too,
knew that "did" meant "dood."
Evening star., 1946-10-19

final effort at the U. N. Assembly meet
ing in New York next week to bridge
the gulf between the western powers and
those associated with the U. S. S. r. will
have a telling effect on Far Eastern
problems. They are convinced that
if Russian Foreign Minister Molotov
changes his adamant attitude on, for.
instance, the peace treaty with Italy
which has been declared unacceptable
by Yugoslavia, much progress could be
made in Strengthening out the conflict
between the Kuomintang and the Com
munists in China.
Those who have seen the Secretary Of
State since his return from Paris say
that, far from being worn out by the
ordeal which he has undergone for more
than year, he is in good spirits and
moderately hopeful-as is required of a
man in his position-of some success at
the meeting of 81 U. N. members.
Those close to the Secretary of State
say that his one ambition in life today
Is to become the best Secretary of State
this country has ever had. He is said
to have no political aspirations beyond
that and would not regret relinquishing
his present responsibilities after the
muddied international waters have been
cleared to his satisfaction.
AS one of the most prominent Demo-
Gratis, he Is, Of course, roofing for his
party, but is unwilling to subject the
major international policies of this
country to any local electoral expedi-
encies.
This will be the dominating factor in
the difficult negotiations which confront
him at the u N gathering in New York
next week where he will renew his drive
for lasting peace without sacrificing
however, the fundamental principles
which the rank and file of this country
believed 1t was fighting for in World
War II.
Mr. Byrnes knows that he will meet
an even tougher situation in New York
than in Paris. But he has learned to be
patient and reduce to minimum what
ever concessions he makes.
Evening star., 1946-10-19
Siuve' Labor

The State Departments latest note
to Yugoslavia is pointed reminder
that the methods of dictatorship do
not vary greatly from country to
country, or from dictator to dictator.
Marshal Tito, whose iron-fisted
rule of Yugoslavia is traceable in
part to assistance given by us, is
now accused by the State Depart
ment of holding at least one hundred
and sixty-five American citizens in
concentration camps, treating them
as slave laborers and subjecting
them to maltreatment from which
upwards of ten have died. These
slave laborers have been convicted
of no crime, nor have they even been
tried for any offense. A Yugoslav
spokesman says that they are of
German descent and that they aided
the Germans during the war. 1t is
implied that some of them were
guilty of heinous offenses against
YugoSlavia.
Under the circumstances, these
accusations are highly suspect. But
even if it be assumed that there is
basis for them, the least that Tito
should have done was to prefer
charges and give the accused an
opportunity to defend themselves in
a fair trial. Instead of this, the
suspects were dragged off to concen-
tration camps and are now Shaving
for the state, without any compen-
sation except the minimum food,
clothing and shelter necessary to
keep them alive and to work a little
longer. If it had not been for the
fact of their claim to American
citizenship the chances are that they
would simply have been worked to
death, and the world would have
been none the wiser.
The implications of this incident,
however, are such as to go far be-
yond the fate of these individuals,
whether as matter Of law they be
American citizens or not. What we
have had here is fleeting glimpse
behind the Iron curtain" and what
this glimpse reveals is not merely
one hundred and sixty-five men
Shaving for a Balkan dictator. Shar-
ing their plight are uncounted thou
sands upon thousands of men and
women doomed to serve out the rest
of their lives as slave laborers in
Yugoslavia, Russia and probably in
some of the other Balkan countries.
These people have not been convicted
of crimes, but have been condemned
on mere suspicion, or even less.
They are the casualties of dictator
ship-a byproduct Of the methods by
which dictators eliminate potential
opposition and secure the labor
needed to keep themselves in power.
1t is not without its touch OF irony
that this disclosure should come as
the ashes Of Hermann Goering and
his fellow Nazi conspirators were
being scattered to the winds. They
were condemned for crimes against
humanity, including the use of slave
labor, and their Judges agreed that
henceforth the principles Of Nuern-
berg should be applicable to all. But
those principles will not survive long
if they are to be honored in the
breach, or enforced only by victors
against the vanquished.
Evening star., 1946-10-19
Admiral Wuesche

The death OF Admlfal huSSell
Randolph Waesche removes from
the permanent advisory group of
top-ranking wartime commanders
man whose lot it was to head the
Coast Guard during the most mo-
mentous period of its history. Under
Admiral Waesche's inspiring leader
ship the Coast Guard was converted
from a peacetime law-enforcement
arm of the Treasury into full
fedged fighting arm of the Navy,
with a record of heroic combat serv-
ice that merited the admiration of
the regular armed services.
1t was typical of Admiral Waesche
that he regarded his promotion to
full admiral-an honor never before
accorded a Coast Guard commal-
dant-as formal recognition of the
valorous achievements of his men
on many fighting fronts of World
War II. Certainly the Coast Guard
rose to it's fullest stature in the
grim days after Pearl Harbor, its
members helping to spearhead vir-
tually every American landing from
Guadalcanal to Normandy and
Okinawa. That the hugely expanded
service rated a four-star admiral of
its own was implicit in the action of
Congress in voting to give Admiral
Waesche that permanent rank. He
was named by the President as one
of ten wartime generals and ad-
mirals to serve as "elder" advisers
to the Nation on matters of national
defense. 1t is regrettable that his
failing health had handicapped him
in contributing his services to the
advisory group following his retire
ment the first of this year. The
country has lost an able and faithful
public servant.