davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-13
D. G. Authors Dromu
Wins ST, 500 Fellowship

The King Is Dead" tragedy in
verse by Miss Victoria Kuhn. 20l3
H street NV, which was produced
by the Catholic University theater
group, has won a $500 fellowship
for its author, it was learned today
The fellowship in playwriting
was award Miss Kuhn by Rosary
College of River Forest, Ill. Miss
Kuhn will 90 there in September to
continue her worx in verse play
writing
Evening star., 1946-07-13
Policeman Captures
banicaded Veteran

Police today credited Eleventh
Precinct private. John Click, A,
with the bloodless capture of a
33-year-old Navy veteran who bar
ricaded himself in his home with
a pistol yesterday and threatened
to kill any one who tried to stop
him from taking his own life.
Inspector Robert j. Barrett, chief
OF Detectives. said Policeman Click,
who lives at 1850 Ely place Sc,
played a ''hero's role" in the capture
OF Selman G. Lewis, colored, at his
home in the $500 block of Eads
place NE. Click had driven to the
scene on a riot squad call after
Evening star., 1946-07-13

half an hour, Inspector Barrett said,
with the former sailor brandishing
the pistol excitedly and continuing
his threats. Meanwhile, Inspector
Barrett, Capt. John E. Fondahl and
other officers crept into the house,
closed in on the man and disarmed
him.
He was taken to Gallinger Hos
pital. Police said he told them he
was a law student at Howard Uni
versity and had been having wife
trouble"
Evening star., 1946-07-13

cab driver called police to report
that Lewis had just threatened to
kill himself saying, You are the
last man I'll ever see.'
Lewis had barricaded himself on
the second floor Of the home when
police surrounded the building and
tried to force their way in, accord
ing to Inspector Barrett.
Lewis finally permitted Pvt. Click
to enter the house for a parley, the
detective chief said. Click remained
in the room talking to Lewis for
Evening star., 1946-07-13

"does hundreds Of thousands OF dol
lars business every day"
Warren was freed on 81 500 bond
pending arraignment before United
States Commissioner Needham c..
Turnage.
Evening star., 1946-09-21

Dutra for the presidency. However
this change had to be implemented
by constitutional sanction, which
has now been accomplished. The
new constitution returns to the lib
eral tradition, though with broad
executive powers. on congressional
consent, in case Of war, disorder or
danger Of disorder, These excep-
tional powers, termed a state Of
SIEGE" virtually suspend individual
rights for its duration.
The need for such emergency
powers is seen in the recent disturb
ances over economic difficulties and
in the activity of the powerful Com
munist faction which aims at a
return to authoritarianism. The
question is how strong will be the
restraint on the executive imposed
by the constitutional provision that
the state of siege" can be decreed
only by legislative consent.
Evening star., 1946-09-21
This Changing World
By Constantine Brops

Two factors determined President
Truman to change his mind about keep
ing Henry A. Wallace As Secretary Of
Commerce. One was the very clear ex-
position Of the Paris situation made
over the transatlantic teletype Thurs
day by Secretary of State Byrnes. The
anger at allowing Mr.. wallace practi-
cally to dictate his own terms about his
future activities As q member of this
administration.
Mr.. Byrnes is reliably reported to
have informed the President that what
ever rebuttals may be given from the
White House to Mr.. Wallaces views on
our foreign policy, it would be impos-
sible to convince the Foreign Ministers
OF the 20 other nations gathered at Paris
that American foreign policy is what
Mr.. Byrnes tells them.
The Secretary Of State. who is re-
ported to have been emphatic in ex-
planning to his chief that no personal
animosity or feeling entered into his
summation Of the international situa-
ton after the Wallace speech and letter,
also pointed out that the slim chances
OF concluding the peace treaties now
under discussion would fade If the other
nations are allowed to remain under the
impression that America has two for
eisn policies; one-a front-expressed
by Mr.. Byrnes; the other-possibly the
real one-expressed by Mr.. Wallace.
i
Under these circumstances he is said
to have told the President, the Foreign
Ministers who heretofore have sided with
the United States in obtaining peace
treaties containing some kernel Of JUS
tice, will be frightened into joining with
Russia and indorsinR all the Slavic
Evening star., 1946-09-21
Defense

From the New Orleans Tfmes-Pieayune.
Military specialists who are study
ing the possibilities of putting more
types of soldiers In body armor might
profitably consult Walter Kurt Helm,
the New York dishwasher. That Is, as
soon as Bellevue Hospital gets through
observing" him. Mr.. Helm. who meas
ures feet inch by micrometer and
100 pounds by the scales, recently won
a brisk encounter with q 6-foot police
man. He bruised the policeman's eye,
and likewise his Cthe policeman'0 hst.
The cause of the latter injury was .
suit" Of homemade mail, fashioned
from dozens of small metal strainers
and worn beneath the usual Broadway
ensemble.
It would seem that neither mobility
nor striking power was impaired by
this metal underwear. or under metal
ware. OF course Mr.. Helms own eye or
eyes might have suffered had the pa
trolman selected an unobscured target,
but this is . matter Of probability and
percentage which Is taken into account
in military armor research.
All kinds of guesses could be enter-
tanned as to why Mr.. Helm found 10
advisable to armor himself in this
fashion. What brought on the flsticuffs
Is that he was taking advantage Of his
minute build to occupy . seat in the
children's section Of q theater. Whether
he bought his ticket at childrens rates
is not disclosed. OF course. he might
have worn his knighty accoutrement
to make it difncult to be picked up and
thrown out Of places. Small men some.
times have TO equalize such things.
Anyhow, whoever he washes dishes
for now knows where all those strainefs
VAyt
Evening star., 1946-09-21

groups plans. These viii result ulti-
rope and the Middle East to the q. 8.
8. r.. with incalculable consequences to
the United States.
The Secretary Of State Is also re-
ported to have given Mr.. Truman some
concrete examples of what has been
going on in Paris since a week ago yes
terday when Mr.. Wallaces Madison
Square Garden speech made headlines
in all the newspapers throughout Eu-
rope and had q devastating effect on all
the delegations, except for the jubilant
Slavic bloc. He Is said to have pointed
out to Mr.. Truman the urgent necessity
OF removing Mr. Wallace from the cab
met, not to save Mr.. Byrnes' face but
to give the only tangible proof to the
outside world that the Presidents cab
met is strongly united behind the pres
er1t foreign policy Of the administration.
State Department observers are now
watching carefully the reactions Of the
Slavic bloc, and particularly Russia,
to the exit Of Mr.. Wallace from the
cabinet. 1t is noted that the Madison
Square Garden speech had an immedi-
ate unfavorable reception in the Ameri-
can Communist press, such as the Daily
Worker Within 48 hours severe edi-
torial criticism had changed to loud
praise in inspired articles which pointed
out that those few who booed Mr.
Wallace did not fully understand the
wide implications of the speech.
Those who know that the Communist
press throughout the world receives
leads from Moscow realize that the
propaganda services in the Russian
capital mended their fences after the
speech was thoroughly examined by the
experts in the Kremlin.
Evening star., 1946-09-21
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

President Tr,man's ousting of Henry
A. Wallace from his cabinet has done
much to restore confidence of the people
In the belief they have a Government.
At no time since he came into the White
House had Mr.. Truman sunk 80 low in
the estimation of the ordinary man In
the street as when he tried, unsuccess-
fully, to carry Secretary of Commerce
Wallace on one shoulder and Secretary
Of State Byrnes on the other, in an
effort to play both sides of the political
street in the coming congressional elec-
tions.
Mr.. Truman's firm declaration that he
is back of the foreign policy enunciated
by Secretary Of State Byrnes-and that
he has thrown into the discard the
appeasement Of Russia proposed by Mr.
Wallace-should do much to restore the
confidence and the morale of the Amer
ican delegation which Is now doing its
utmost to make peace in Paris. The
ridiculous chain Of events, which in
cluded statement by President Tru-.
man that he had approved Mr.. Wallace's
Madison Square Garden speech, an as
sertion by Mr.. Wallace that Mr.. Tru-
man had approved his speech. later
statement by Mr.. Truman that he had
meant only to approve Mr. Wallaces
right to make the speech, had placed
Mr.. Byrnes and his advisers in an
untenable position in Paris.
The ousting of Mr.. Wallace was some
what belated-but at least 1t was accom-
plished. The effort to bring about a
compromise, with Mr.. Wallace agreeing
TO make no speeches on foreign policy
while the Paris Peace Conference was
continuing and with Mr.. Wallace re-
naming In the cabinet, was . cheap try
at domestic politics.
The President and some of his politi-
cal advisers wanted Mr. Wallace to help
get out the radical vote for Democratic
candidates In the coming elections. Mr.
Wallace, apparently falling in with the
plan, undertook to appeal to the radicals
by demanding a softer attitude on the
part Of the United States toward the
Soviet government. This attempt on
the part Of the President to compromise
with Wallace must have received a rude
jolt from Secretary of State Byrnes,
when the President finally got in touch
with Mr.. Byrnes in Paris Obviously Mr..
Evening star., 1946-09-21

5yrnes could not carry on in Paris
under any such compromise agreement.
Mr.. Truman found himself In q position
where he had to act, and act fast.
The former Vice President and former
cabinet member Is now on his own again
He has been touted as q great leader of
the liberals and radicals in this country.
He has been written about rs 4 possible
contender, with this liberal and radical
support, for presidential nomination in
1948. 1t is . considerable question, how
ever. whether Mr.. Wallace will be OF any
particular value to these left wingers
now that ne is out of ONCE What can he
do for them? And what can they do
for him? Not much either way. His
will be only another radical voice. As
for the radical support, where can it
produce any Democratic delegates to the
party's national convention in 1948?
Can Mr. Wallace hope for delegates from
his own home State, Iowa? He has
never had a political following there.
He had against him the New York, New
Jersey and Illinois Democratic bosses
and machines when he sought to be re-
nominated Vice President in 1914.
II
ASAA. w oAoSC WElOAC SOuI &C IldSo ollOWIl
him intensely interested In remaining
in ONCE. He took the late President
Roosevelt's desertion of him in 1914 with
out murmur and then went out and
campaigned for Roosevelt and Truman.
BY knuckling under he was able to get
himself another cabinet job-Secretary
of Commerce. He thought he had Tru-
mans ok. on his Madison Square Garden
speech. II he hadn't, he would not have
made it. So Mr.. TrumAn's original blum
der, in this whole business Is probably
responsible for Mr.. Wallace's being out
Of job.
Mr. Wallace must now sink or swim
politically. Everything indicates he will
sink. If he thinks he can get anywhere
with the voters Of this country today by
advocating the appeasement of Russia
and the Communists, he has little real
feeling for the sentiment which exists
here. When he speaks, If he does, for
the appeasement Of Russia it will be as
an individual and not as a supposedly
responsible member of the administra-
ton. 1t was an unfortunate day for Mr.
Wallace when he delivered his Madison
Square Garden address.
Evening star., 1946-09-21

Instruments As . matter OF fact, any
nation which Is considering the use Of
war as an instrument of its national
policy must in future, If its contemplated
enemy possesses atomic weapons, con-
slider first Of all whether its initial at
tacks can "a achieve complete surprise;
Cd be on such . scale as to eliminate
at once even a marginal chance Of re-
taliation.
Does Mr.. Wallace really think that
preparations for atomic warfare on q
scale sufficient to meet these two neces-
sites. on the part Of any nation, could
be cheap and easy? Remember, the
danger of beginning an atomic war
against prepared enemy is not merely
that the attempt may fail; the danger
is immediate and personal to the men
who are doing the calculating, As well
as to the country whose destinies they
direct The enemy must be 80 over
whelmed by the initial attacks as to be
beyond any chance Of hitting back The
very dispersal of air power In outlying
bases which Mr.. Wallace 50 deplores is
one Of the chief deterrents to any attack
upon this country when viewed from
the side Of the would-be attacker.
Reason No 2: Having more bombs
than the other fellow is no longer a
decisive advantage" Analysis: How
about looking at this proposition from
the other fellows point Of view? Ma
tional leaders start wars to gain some
thing They do not start wars to COM
NIT suicide. even though they may do
their opponent cruel injury in the
process.
Reason No. 3: "The very fact that
several nations have atomic bombs will
inevitably result in q neurotic, fear
ridden, itching trigger psychology in al
the peoples of the world " = in q world
armed with atomic weapons, some In
cident will lead to the use OF those
weapons" Analysis: This is nothing
more than the ancient fallacy that wars
are caused by incidents" As matter
of fact, the two wars Of this century
were caused by the calculat tions of the
Germans (and In the last instance the
Japanese) that the balance Of power had
been sufficiently upset In their favor so
that they could achieve their purposes
OF dominating others by going to war.
The true policy Of the United States
has been we'll summed up by Prof.
Bernard Brodie: "A nation which is as
well girded for its own defense as is
reasonably possible Is not . tempting
target for IN assressor. Such . nation
is therefore better able to pursue actively
that progressive improvement In world
affairs by which alone it finds its true
security
These are words which Mr. Wallace
will do well to ponder. Wishful think
ing and refusal to face unpleasant truths
have brought this nation two terrible
wars In the past 80 years. It is about
time that We gave up these COM
Portable but insidious national narcotics
II we do not do 50, it Ia quite possible
that We shall not again be able to rouse
ourselves from the stupor into which
they draw us--that we shall In bitter
truth realize the childhood fear that
We die before We wake.
(CoeyTisht 1o<oJ
Evening star., 1946-09-21
BraziI's New Constitution

The promulgation of . new consti-
tuition for Brazil Is a noteworthy
event in the political evolution OF
that vast country. larger than the
continental United States, with
population exceeding $4,000. 900. and
with great possibilities for further
growth.
This new constitution signals q re-
turn to representative government
and individual guarantees for tree
dom of speech, thought, religion.
press and assembly. with which
Brazil started it's political life as q
republic after the abolition OF the
imperial monarchy in 1889. The
original constitution of 1891 pro-
vided for federal government SINH
lar to our own, though with much
greater powers reserved to the in
dividual states than is the case with
us. This emphasis on states rights
corresponded to the then-existing
realities of strong local loyalties
coupled with dif1iculties OF comrnu-
nication in a largely undeveloped
country.
Brazil continued under this system
of loose federation until 1925, when
the constitution was modified in the
direction Of curtailing states rights,
notably in their power to levy inter-
state and export duties. A much
more drastic change set in after the
assumption Of power by Getulio
Vargas in 1880, in consequence of a
successful revolution. Vargas was
attracted by the authoritarian ideas
then prevalent in Europe and was
likewise a believer In centraliza ton.
His first constitution of 1884 was q
halfway step toward the full real
ization Of his objectives In the con-
stitution Of 1897. which he signifi-
eantly entitled 20 Estado Novo," the
New State"
Under this profoundly revolution
ary document, the executive was vir-
tually supreme, the independence of
the judiciary was undermined, many
OF the prerogatives of the legislature
Vere transferred to 4 new body
called the Council of National Econ
omy made up Of syndicates similar
to the cooperative state" of Fascist
Italy, while the rights Of the states
were practically abolished.
This authoritarian and semi Fas-
cist regime was overthrown by thu
peaceful revolution Of last October
when Vargas was forced to resign
and an honestly conducted election
resulted Ia the choice Of Genera
Evening star., 1946-09-21
Speaking Of designations

Although relegated to something
OF side-show status, the position of
Harold L. 1ckes in the Truman
Wallace affair is deserving of some
attention.
The former Secretary of the In
terror, who knows how it feels to
leave the cabinet by presidential re-
quest, entered the latest Democratic
family fight through the medium Of
his syndicated column. published
yesterday in The Star.
Mr.. Ickes confessed that he is not
quite sure what the foreign policy Of
Secretary of State Byrnes has been,
but he made 1t clear that he takes
strong issue" with some Of the posi-
tions enunciated by Mr.. Wallace in
his New York speech. He also made
1t clear that he thought Mr.. wallace
should resign from the cabinet, but
expressed doubt that he would do 50,
pointing out that there have been
other occasions when it seemed that
his own self-respect called for his
resignation. but he has continued to
cling to his post like q limpet to q
rock"
This introduces 4 subject in which
Mr.. 1ckes should have q personal in
terest. He Is the executive chairman,
reputedly at handsome salary. Of
the pinkish Independent Citizens
Committee for the Arts, Sciences and
Professions. This committee was CO.
sponsor Of the wallace speech. It
has Endorsed his views without quail
tdcation, and sent q strong letter
OF protest to Mr. Truman when he
denied that he had approved the
content Of the speech.
Where does this leave the execu-
tive chairman Of the committee who
takes strong issue with portions OF
the speech? viii Mr.. Ickes feel that
his own self-respect calls for his res
ignation from the chairmanship of
the committee, which unqualifiedly
indorses the speech? Or will he con-
tinue to cling to this cushy Job like
q limpet to a rock?
Evening star., 1946-09-21
SATURDAY, September Il, 1s4t
Red Cross Reorganization

The reorganization of the Ameri-
san Red Cross effected at the Sep
3ember meeting of the Central Com
mittee is forward step necessitated
~ the tremendous increase In the
size and responsibilities Of the Or
sanization since its chartering by
Congress in 1905 as a great agency
Of mercy for all the people, in time
Qf peace as we'll as in time of war.
3hat charter had remained un-
changed during the past forty-one
pears, and so had its administrative
structure. Yet during those more
than twoscore years the member
ship of the organization has
expanded phenomenally and the
weight and nature of the burdens
imposed on it have undergone
marked changes.
The held expansion through for
yaation OF more and more chapters
pas been particularly remarkable.
hls far-reaching development of
peal units has not been paralleled
BY collateral development of the
governing body at its national head
quarters, with the result that many
chapters have felt that they were
being given less and less say in the
program and policies of the Red
Cross. The reorganiza ton is de-
signed to give the chapters and the
people they represent a larger voice
IN the affairs of the national BODY.
This will be accomplished through
enlargement OF the governing board
kom eighteen to nifty members, of
whom thirty would be elected by the
various chapters. Heretofore the
chapters have had only six repre-
sentatives on the Central Committee,
which was the governing body.
An interesting innovation is the
Inclusion on the governing board Of
Twelve members to be chosen to rep
resent national interests which 1t
p the function of the Red Cross to
WV. VAlAlC tllc lnGel-
ests" are not specified, the fact that
labor was represented on the advi-
tory committee which prepared the
reorganization plan gives rise to the
suggestion that labor will be one of
&nese interests" Other members
at-large will be drawn from pro-
tessional, religious and scientific
groups. The Central Committee, In
opening membership to certain ma
honal interests" makes the very i'm
portant and proper point that once
elected to the Red Cross board, a
member must regard himself as a
governor of the Red Cross and not
% the special representative of any
particular element of the national
HE" This must be thoroughly un-
derstood by all representatives of
elements of the national life, for the
American Red Cross belongs to all
the people, not to any particular
class or faction or group.
Evening star., 1946-09-21
Archbishop's Visit

The Most Reverend and Rieht
Honorable Geoffrey Francis Fisher,
archbishop of Canterbury, came to
washington at time when public
attention was occupied with far less
pleasant interests than the proper
entertainment of a distinguished
guest. But he is a man not isolated
from the ordinary concerns of the
age to which he belongs, and he did
not complain about the confusion
which he found here during his stay.
Indeed. 1t probably would have been
his choice to sojourn in the CAPITAL
of the United States in a season of
activity rather than in one of SOM
nolent ease such as formerly-say,
half century ago-occasionally
prevailed.
Great ecclesiastical leaders are not
hermlts In an era when the world is
rife with trouble. The Master in
whose sacred name they labor ap-
peared in this earth when it was
similarly turbulent. 1t is the chal-
lenge OF prevailing strife that stirs
the Church to its mightiest endeay-
ors. The Archbishop long has been
IN advocate of religious co-opera-
taon In the face of war, revolution.
poverty, human suffering and de-
spair. He teaches a faith which lis
not ashamed to be definite, explicit
and binding" If the world is demon
ridden" It's correction, as he believes.
must arise from the practice Of
Christian idealism, not from any
lesser doctrine, however attractive
i may seem.
But the Archbishop is too much q
confirmed philosopher to expect the
Kingdom Of God unearned. Saliva
ton, according to his notion, would
be worthless If 1t were unmerited.
He pleads for peace achieved by
work as well as by prayer. The
dignity Of the individual for which
be particularly urges unremitting
effort is q prize infinitely dificult of
attainment. It must be predicated
on conscious self-respect, modesty
and deliberate willingness to stand
equal with all ones neighbors before
"an equal lava principle COM
pletely inclusive In character.
Warrington needed to hear these
af11rmations on superior authority
h the early 1ptumn Of is4s. The