davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02

has been aware of it's implications for some time.
 Spinrad: That Is correct. The early results in uranium fisSion were published in the newspapers and available to most high school science students. Up till 1889, all the results of scientific research were disseminated throughout the globe. Germany, France, Britain, Canada, and a great many other countries were all working on the problem before and during the war, and we had the cooperation of many distinguished foreign scien- lists in the Manhattan project.
 Bishop: It seems, then, that the United States has by no means a monopoly on the ability to conduct research or construct bombs. Do you think, perhaps, that our pres ent lead can be maintained in the field?
 Spinrad: Possibly but not cer- tainly. There is no monopoly on knowledge. Even if we stay one jump ahead of the field, we cannot be sure of safety in an atomic war. As things stand now, our knowl- edge is, as the President put it, sacred trust" to be used honor ably, the more so because men of other nationalities cooperated in placing their talents at the disposal of our country. I am glad to see also that it is our present national policy to take this responsibility seriously.
 Bishop: Now I should like to change the subject bit. Is atomic energy really as stupendous as they say?
 Spinrad: Except for some of the fantasy of 'Gruesome Science Stor- les,' there can be no exaggerating 1t. We take single bomb, with a charge measured in pounds, not tens. It sets up a tremendous rad iation, which is manifested in what l eyeWitnesSes have called "the light of a thousand suns," and in tenn peratures reaching millions of de- greeS at the core of the explosion. enough to vapOrize all materials. This is accompanied by gamma radiation and probably cosmic rays, which have particularly destruc- tive effect on life. The atomic bomb is more weapon of killing than of destruction of installations. Then pressure wave sets in, caus- ing cyclones, with enormous wind velocities which fatten all but the sturdiest structures.
 Secondary explosions of origin unknown, at least to me, then dose the area with more lethal radia- tion, and the whole area is left ex- cited to radioactivity, making it dangerous for life for at least sev- eral hours, and possibly few days. The area of destruction is not measured in yards, but in miles. That's when an atomic bomb goes off in the air. Today reports | are still coming in from Bikini
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02

supplies of fashionable materials. Another important aspect of this control would be that any nation attempting to mine it's own uran- ium, or to set up it's own atomic production units would be imme- diately branded as potential ag- gressor, and action would be taken against it before the fireworks started. Laws defining specific in- ternational criminal acts would thus be set up.
 Bishop: But how would we be sure that we were as secure as we are now, if we helped set up such an authority?
 Spinrad: There are two answers. The first is that of military board, which after considerable study of the potentialities of other nations for manufacturing atomic bombs and their vulnerabilities to atomic attack, concluded that we can't keep atomic superiority indefinite ly, and that being highly vulner- able to attack, our best chance was in international action.
 The second answer is that the Baruch plan does not envision the United States telling anyone how to make atomic bombs. It is planned to set up the international authority step by step, divulging only that knowledge vital to the success of any one given step Only when the authority is finally and completely set up and functioning will it have all the secrets. Until that time, we shall probably keep our bombs, if only as a spur to bother nations to cooperate in ex- pediting the accession to control Of the authority.
 Bishop: Do you think such an authority will be set up? Spinrad: Probably not. Unless, the present Russian proposals are withdrawn, or unless we back down on the veto question. But we must explore every possible plan for setting up regulatory machinery for atomic energy, or we shall have started on ATOMIC WAR by act of omission.
 Bishop: Just one more question, Dr. Spinrad. There is consider able activity in Congress concern ing legislation for domestic con- trol of atomic energy. I wonder if you would like to comment on | it?
 Spinrad I certainly should. ] am in favor of the McMahon Bill for civilian control of atomic en. ergy, without the amendments now being tackled on in the House. Gov ernment monopoly seems necessary for the same reasons that interna- tional monopoly seems necessary to prevent dangerous and uncon. trolled uses of atomic energy. But this should not mean that scientists should be regimented, or scientific progress hidden. As a matter o1 purely military expedience, I think that scientists given proper facili. ties and free hand could discover more on their own hook thar through maze of classified ma terial.
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02
Quit House for Bench

1 Washington, D. c. - Reps. John w. Murphy of Pennsylvania and Luther A. Johnson of Texas req signed from the House to become Federal judges. Under pending legislation they will be eligible for a $5,OOO increase in Federal judi- cial salaries. Federal District Court jurists now are paid $1O,- 900 year.
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02

The evening tell upon SecOnQ vital Bakini Test Day, and the ra- dio waves were already hot with news from the Far Pacific when the program opened at 7:30 p. m.
 The Eastern Connecticut News takes great pleasure in presenting this broadcast:
 Bishop: I think that the first thing we should like to know is something concerning the nature of atomic energy. Perhaps you could give us very brief summary of the scientific facts and history of the work?
 Spinrad: Certainly. The basic principles of atomic energy are hardly secret. They spring from Einstein's theory of relativity, which predicted in 1905 that energy and matter could be interchange able. The conversion factor, the square of the speed of light, is such that very small amount of mat ter is equivalent to a perfectly ,stupendous amount of energy.
 The forces binding together atomic nuclei are of this very na- ture, for they represent decrease in the mass of the nucleus from the sum of the masses of its con- stituent particles (protons and neu- trOns). This fact has been care fully measured and known for some time.
 The heaviest atoms, among which are uranium and plutonium, have a greater mass than that of the sum of smaller particles with the same total number of protons and neu- irons. They are consequently un- stable and radioactive, emitting small particles of tremendous en- ergy If the disintegration of the nucleus could be performed so as tc split it down the middle, the mass loss would be far greater, and the energy emitted correspondingly larger.
 This is exactly what has been accomplished in the present stage of atomic technology. In 1888, Hahn and Strasmann, two German re- searchers, discovered that U-235, . rare isotope of uranium, and plu- tonium, a new artificial element, could be made to split approxi- mately down the middle. Dr. Lise Neither, who had fled from Ger many, calculated the implications of this experiment in terms of energy released; the results were such that it was then predicted that a large scale process using uranium 6ssion would release a tremendous amount of energy.
 The rest of the story is one of research and development in the problem of concentrating material which could undergo such a large scale nuclear disintegration, and that is the secret which the United States now has.
 Bishop: I take it then that the fundamental principles of atomic energy are no secret; and that, as . matter of fact, the whole world
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02

 Ex5sgt. Ralph K. Betz, aboXS Of Willoughby, Ohio, f6und joSS so scarce and prices so hig6 ia the U. s. that he slowed away oIE a Europe bound troopship, nanS aged to hitch-hike to Mannhei Germany, where he sought 31 civilian job. After being sklnted around by various military agencies pending investigatiea he was finally jailed at Baa Nauheim for failure to repoft to the provost-marshal. Be@ says he has never seen any foT1 nal charges against him and q. hass llss not been able to set a laWyeE
Eastern Connecticut news., 1946-09-02

On Wednesday, July 24th at 7:3O p. m, The Sub Com munity Radio Program especially honored when Dr. Bernard Spnrad of the scientists Atomic Energy Re- search consented to be interviewed by editor Rowland Bishop, a Discussion of Atomic Energy
Evening star., 1946-07-24
DR.. Edward Godfrey Huber
Harvard Professor, Dies
By the Assooio.ed Press

BOSTON, July 24.-Dr. Edward
Godfrey Huber, 81, professor of pub
lie health practice and associate
dean of the Harvard School of
Public Health, died yesterday at his
Office.
DR.. Huber was born in Menomomie
Wis, and attended the University
of Michigan, where he received his
doctors degree in 1905.
After short private practice In
Missouri. he joined the Army Med
ical Corps and served in the Philip
pines before World War I. During
the war he commanded hospital
center at Perigueux, France.
He organized Delta Omega, ma
tional honor society of public health,
and was its president from 1929 to
1890.
DR.. Huber retired from the Army
in 1885 and joined the Massachu-
sets State Department of Public
Health as an epidemiologist in the
division of tuberculosis. He also was
part-time instructor in epidemiology
at Harvard.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Two Held in S15,64O
Numbers Seizures

| Two men arrested in simultaneous
raids yesterday during which a total
of $15,640 and large quantity Of
numbers slips were seized faced ar
raignment today on charges Of
operating lottery, possession Of
lottery slips and conspiracy.
United States marshals, bearing
Federal warrants, accompanied de-
tectives of Police Inspector Oscar J.
Letterman's antigambling squad on
the two raids.
Inspector Letterman said James H.
Coates, 50. colored, was arrested in
a third-foor apartment in the 1000
block OF Eighteenth street NV, in
which s14,640, together with 10000
current numbers slips and 30 cases
of unused slips were found.
Police said daily play" OF IS, 900
was indicated.
According to Inspector Letterman,
Coates was seized by Detective 1t.
Roy Blick when he moved toward a
drawer in which revolver later was
found. Two other revolvers were
discovered In safe in the apart
ment, Inspector Letterman said.
In the other raid, led by Detective
Sergt. Paul H. Clarke, Inspector
Letterman said Leroy Stevens, 36,
colored, was arrested in a first-f1oor
apartment in the 1900 block of Third
street NV. Cash totaling $1,000, a
quantity Of slips and an adding
machine were found there, accord
ing to police.
Inspector Letterman said the con-
spiracy charges were based on al
legged evidence the two men were
working together. Total bond was
set at $4,000 each.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

Co., and Mr. Blake is chairman of
the board of the Barber & Ross Co.
Mr.. McGarraghy explained the
City Planning Committee is a new
group to be concerned with overall
plans for the development of the
Washington Metropolitan Area. 1t
will work in cooperation with the
National Capital Park and Planning
Commission and serve as a CO.
ordinating group on city planning
matters within the Board of Trade.
Mr.. Black, native of Bryson
City, N. c., is a graduate of the
University of North Carolina and
the National University School of
Law. He is chairman of the Wash
ington section of the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers.
He has been serving as vice chair
man of the Board of Trade Postwar
Planning Committee.
Mr.. Blake, a member of the Board
OF Trade for more than 80 years, is
vice chairman Of the District Board
of Zoning Adjustment. He has
served for many years as vice chair
man and as chairman of the Board
Of Trade Zoning Committee,
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Senate Unit 10 Act
On Compromise Plan
For ; More Judges

A compromise plan for the ad-
dition OF three judges to the hard
worked bench of the Municipal
Court is expected to be brought
up for action by the Senate Dis
trict Committee at a session sched-
uled for some day this week.
Senators McCarran, Democrat, OF
Nevada, and Johnston, Democrat,
of South Carolina, authors OF COM
peting measures for raising the
number of Municipal Court judges
from 10 to 13. have agreed on
compromise in the hope of speed
ing the bill to enactment before
approaching adjournment of Con-
'gress.
Speed is essential. they agreed,
since the House has not yet begun
consideration Of the measure,
urgently requested by spokesmen
of the District Courts and the Dis
trict Commissioners.
Senator Johnston had sought to
raise from two to four the number
of the judges who may be appointed
from among nonresidents of the
District. He agreed to leave this
at the present two, with provision
that such candidates would qualify
if they show five years of law prac
tice either here or in their home
States.
In return for this, it was reported,
Senator McCarran won the sup
port Of Senator Johnston for pro-
posed stiffening of requirements for
the remaining II District-resident
posts on the bench.
Under this plan any one named
to one of the II posts not only
would have to show actual law
practice for five years here, but
would have had to devote most of
his time to private law practice
and have earned the principal por-
tion of his occupational income
from such practice.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Zenger Paper Included
In Anniversary Display

The New York Weekly Journal
of 1884 will be shown at the Library
of Congress starting Saturday as
part of observances commemorating
the 200th anniversary of the death
of John Peter Zenger, its publisher
The Journal had as contributors
such figures as Lewis Morris, James
Alexander and William Smith. The
publisher is noted in American jour-
nalistic history as one of the men
who fought for freedom of the press
in this country. He was arrested
on November IT, 1884. for libel
against William Cosby, then Cover
nor of New York. The ensuing trial.
which resulted in his acquittal, is
considered the foundation point of
freedom of the press in America.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Case Of Branded Girl
Given 10 Jury in Boston
By the Hssocioted Press

BOSTON, July "a. The case
against Army 1t. Thomas Farrell.
charged with branding 18-year -old
Helen Stavrou with cigarettes, went
to a Suffolk Superior Court jury just
before noon today.
Judge Edward j. Woke, in an
hour long charge to the all-male
jury, said it must not convict the
Army flyer on suspicion, surmise
or guess"
Referring specifically to an in
dictment charging Farrell with as
saulting Miss Stavrou with a lighted
cigarette with intent to disf1gure
and MAIN. Judge Woke said:
'If you find the defendant was so
intoxicated as not to have intent,
then you must find him not guilty
of this crime in the whole indict-
ment'
The former Army airfeld typist
had accused Farrell of branding his
initials on her body with a lighted
cigarette during 17-hour orgy in a
Boston hotel room.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Private Rites Tomorrow
For Mrs. Geschickter

Private funeral services will be held
tomorrow morning at Humphreys
funeral parlor, Bethesda, Md, for
Mrs. Rose Geschickter, 78, who died
Monday night at Suburban Hospital
after long illness Burial will be
in Fort Lincoln Cemetery.
Mrs. Geschickter is survived by
son, Dr. Charles Geschickter, and
five daughters, Mrs. jeanette Kern,
Mrs. Frances Gledhill, Mrs. Gertrude
Luce, Mrs. Minnie Mason and Mrs.
Josephine Smith Her home was at
the Westchester Apartments, Thirty
ninth street and Cathedral avenue
NV.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

Church. Sixteenth and H streets
NV, with the Rev. DR.. Leslie Glenn,
rector, officiating. Burial will be in
Arlington Cemetery.
Capt. Bingham saw service in both
World Wars. and was prominent as
an author of articles on naval and
military strategy.
Capt Bingham had a distin-
guished naval career. He entered
the Naval Academy from Alabama
where he had been born at Talla-
dega on August 8, 1882 He grad
uated in 1902, became an ensign in
1904 and attained the rank of cap
tain January l, 1925. He was placed
on the retired list in June. 1887, but
was recalled to active duty in jan
uary, 1912, for service during World
War II.
During his earlier service in the
Navy he was ordnance officer of the
USS North Dakota, gunnery officer
of the USS Nevada, and fleet gun
merry officer on the staff of the COM
mander-in-chief of the Atlantic
Fleet. For distinguished service in
this latter post in the first World
War he was awarded the Navy
Cross. He completed the Naval War
College senior course and also the
Army War College course. He COM
manded the cruiser Huntington, the
destroyer Dobbin and the USS
Maryland. The latter assignment
was his last sea duty.
Recalled to active duty he was
naval Eaison officer with the Board
OF Economic Warfare, and later
served with the Foreign Economic
Administration His official release
from active duty was on April 10 of
this year.
For his service in the recent war.
Capt. Bingham was given a letter
OF commentator by the Secretary
OF the Navy with authorization to
wear the commendation ribbon.
Capt. Bingham was active in Re-
publican affairs in Montgomery
County during his period of retire
ment from active duty and was in
terested in the House of Mercy. a
home for unmarried mothers of
which he was board secretary.
The family requested, in view of
his work for the philanthropy, that
no flowers be sent by friends for
the funeral, but that those who
might have desired to do SO send
money instead to the House of
Mercy, Klingle road and Rosemont
avenue NV.
Capt. Bingham contributed many
articles to the Army and Navy
Journal and wrote book reviews for
newspapers on naval and military
matters.
He was a member of st. Johns
Church, the Chevy Chase Club.
Army and Navy Country Club, the
Authors Club and the American
Legion.
Surviving are his widow, the
former Blanca Cogswell, who is the
daughter of the late Rear Admiral
James Kelsey Cogswell: two daugh-
tiers, Mrs. Harry Hull, Silver Spring,
and Mrs. Frank Hardeman Brumby,
jr.. Alexandria: two brothers, Ches-
ter A. Bingham, treasurer of the
Alabama Power Co. in Birmingham,
and Roger S. Bingham of Talladega,
Ala, and two sisters, Miss Lille
Bingham and Mrs. E. T. Castle
berry. both of TaIladepa
Evening star., 1946-07-24
William {. Smith Funeral
Will Be Held Tomorrow

Funeral services for William E
Smith, SO, retired Metropolitan
police detective, who died Monday
at Casualty Hospital, will be held
at 2 pm. tomorrow at the Lee
funeral home. Fourth and Massa-
chusetts avenue NE. Burial will
be in Congressional Cemetery.
Mr.. Smith, known as Big Billy
because of his impressive size-he
was more than 6-feet tall and at one
time weighed almost 300 pounds
retired Is years ago from the Third
Precinct after 30 years on the force
A native of Alexandria, he lived at
652 c street NE. He was a member
of Washington Centennial Masonic
Lodge.
Surviving are two daughters, Mrs.
Keith Rodgers and Mrs. Fred Kotz
and son William E. Smith, jr.,
all of Washington, and brother, DR..
Ernest Smith, Arlington.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Woman Divorces
Second Twin to
RemoryFrs
By the As.ocioied Press

RENO, New. July 24.-Mrs. Ethel
Greer Smiths marital adventures
with twin brothers were back today
where they began two years ago.
According to her attorney, John
Robb Clarke, Mrs. Smiths life with
the Smith brothers started In 1914
when she was married to Elmer
j. Smith, 33, in Hollywood After
that, Mr.. Clarke said, Elmer joined
the Army and went to the South
Pacific.
So Mrs. Smith, 81, of Hollywood,
came to Reno, divorced Elmer and
a year later married his identical
twin, Henry V. Smith. She lived
with Henry until he was sent to
Bahrein Island in the Persian Gulf
as an oil company representative.
Yesterday she divorced Henry and
Elmer again.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Black, Harry Blake
Named Chairmen Of
I Trade Board Units

Appointment of Fischer S. Black
as chairman of the Washington
Board of Trade City Planning Com
mittee and reappointment of Harry
Blake as chairman of it's zoning
Committee were announced today
by Joseph C. McGarraghy, president
of the Board of Trade.
Mr.. Black is assistant to the pres
ident of the Potomac Electric Power
Evening star., 1946-07-24
36 Hurt When Blowout
Causes Bus to Overturn
By the Associated Pres,

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, July "a
Thirty-six passengers were injured
yesterday when a Greyhound bus,
en- route to Louisville, KY, plunged
off the Beeline Highway near here,
overturned and came to rest upside
down in a dry creek bed.
The driver, ]. T. Gillespie, Nash
vile, Tenn, said he was running at
about 40 miles an hour when front
tire blew out, and he was unable to
hold the bus on the road.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
reuty Droft: Issuance
Opposed by Britain
BY the kSsocioied Press

London, July 24.-Britain has ad-
vised Secretary of State Byrnes
that she is not favorably inclined to
publication of the drafts of pro-
posed peace treaties for Italy and
the Balkan countries at this time,
the Foreign Office said today.
A spokesman said Britain took
the view that the documents con-
tanned various alternative drafts of
certain sections and felt that the
81 nations to whom they have been
submitted should be giveu further
time to study them.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Mrs. MunsfeIdt Is Given
7 Years in Nurse SIuyinq
" the Assoeiofed Psast

TEHACHAPT, Calf, July PA
term of seven years in the California
Institution for Women here has
been decreed for Mrs. Annie Irene
Mansfeldt. As, San Francisco society
figure who was convicted of man.
slaughter In the shooting of Veda
Martin. a nurse. last October.
The parole board determined the
term.
Mrs. Mansfeldt was accused of
killing the nurse, a friend of her
husbands, as they sat talking in an
automobile. Mrs. Mansfeldt's hus-
band, DR. John H. Mansfeldt, killed
himself shortly after the nurse was
slain.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

Hldly y l / t t l,
Chevy c h a S e,
Md. He COL
lapsed in front
of 6304 Maple
avenue, near his
home. A Naval
Hospital ambu-
lance was sum-
moned, but it
was found he
had died shortly
after the attack.
Funeral serv-
ices will be held
at 10 am. Fri
day at St. John S