davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-29

but to the advance Of medical
science throughout the country.
AS a teaching" hospital, connect
ed with the University School of
Medicine it will not only care for
the sick and injured of Washington,
but will be better equipped to train,
as in the past, physicians for the
Nations Capital, the country at
large, the Army, Navy and the Pub
lie Health Service.
In connection with It's war activi-
ties, the university first recognized
the contribution that might be made
by the theoretical physicists in their
atomic studies in 1882, and after the
officers of the university consulted
with the officers of the Carnegie In
stitution, it was decided to call a
conference to which the outstanding
members of the theoretical physicists
group would be invited. This invita-
tion was extended annually from
1882 to 1910. 1t was in 1889, from the
contributions made in one of these
conferences, that DR.. Neils Bohr
made the pronouncement that the
breaking down of uranium atoms
was possible and that the world had
discovered a new source of power
This story was at once taken to
President Roosevelt. who subse-
quently organized the special engi-
fneering detachment to develop the
use of this atomic power in warfare
and what followed is we'll known.
Laboratory Developed
New War Materials
The university laboratory devel.
oped the first bazooka, which was
effectively used to stop German
tanks. In its laboratory also were de.
veloped the new chemical mortars
which extended the range of mortar
fire and caused the Germans tt
think that we had invented new
repeating rifle. This mortar was
used effectively at Salerno and ir
the Normandy invasion.
The university was called upon te
establish q 600-acre laboratory al
Pinto, w. Va, where experimental
ton and development took place ir
rockets, developing from the small
arm, like the bazooka, to large self
propelled bombs. ax
Not only was the university work.
ing on inventions necessary to make
possible such arms, but the neces.
sity of beginning and effectively
carrying on war caused the staff o.
more than 5000 laboratory men anc
assistants to work against the time
element.
AS this research was going on, the
university was carrying on research
for the Medical Department of tht
Army in gas gangrene In order to ex'
tend preventive measures as we'll a!
to care for effective treatment.
Evening star., 1946-09-29

ter, but in latter years a self-per-
petuating body whose only functions
were to appoint six members to the
Central Committee and select trus-
tees of the endowment fund.
For an organization collecting and
disbursing millions Of dollars an
nually. the Red Cross has been
obliged to follow a rather slip-shod
method of electing the six chapter
representatives on the 1s-person
Central Committee.
No Formula Provided
For Selecting Delegates
Since no precise formula was pro-
vided in the charter or bylaws,
chapters followed their own rules for
selection Of delegates to the national
convention. And they would send as
many as the tariff would bear.
Once assembled in convention, the
delegates found conditions no bet
ter. 1t was necessary to formulate
procedures for nomination and elec-
ton of the committeeman at each
convention. and there was no way
Of determining whether a chapter
would have one vote or ten
What could happen under their
rules, or lack of them, was graphic
ally illustrated last year. Only As
chapters were represented and two
committeeman were to be elected
The Nominating Committee offered
the name of Arthur Hays Sulzberger
president and publisher of the New
York Times, for reelection.
From the floor rose a delegate who
submitted the name of Sheldon
Coleman, Wichita, Kans., anc
championed his candidate with 6
homespun speech that caught the
Evening star., 1946-09-29
E Street Site Housed
Early Medical School

To DR.. Thomas Sewall is given
chedit for the first attempt to found
a public hospital here. in 1920, which
would have no "poorhouse" stigma
attached to it. Though he failed, he
was later successful in founding
the medical school of George
Washington University in 1925.
For a brief period this depart
Yhent occupied a place in the uni
versity, where no adequate facili-
ties existed, though 1t was at once
self f-supporting. In a few months
Evening star., 1946-09-29

street work In the neighborhood
under an overseer. In winter, wood
saving gave employment to the in
mates. Among the intendants of old
recalled are Robert Clark, John Nc
Clelland, president of the guardians,
acting; Mr.. McNerhany and Richard
Butt. The Potter's Field was in the
northeast section, and in the cholera
epidemic of 1888 part of the square
northeast was utilized for burial
purposes.
I'm l843, it was determined to re-
locate the institution, and the cor
poration had a subdivision made of
the square into 70 lots which were
sold at public auction May 10 that
year. On liberal terms being offered,
many passed to private owners
Rev. DR.. G.. w. Samson, Caleb H
Shreve, Michael Hoover, Mr.. Ward
and others.
"They brought an average of $50
per lot, from to cents per foot
1t was three years later before the
square was all vacated"
Cholera Epidemic Found
City Without Hospital
During the cholera epidemic
which broke out in August, 1882
the city was without hospital IA
cilitties, other than the infirmary
of the poorhouse. This disease was
attributed to the influx of the large
number of laborers who were ther
engaged in macadamizing Pennsyl.
vania avenue, working on the cana
and digging trenches for water pipes
There were no places provided fol
these poor creatures to live excep
miserable huts.
Under these tragic conditions
three private dwellings were trans
formed into temporary hospitals
The Western Hospital, as it wa
called, was placed in a double bricl
house on the south side of M stree
between Eighteenth and Nineteenth
streets, the Central Hospital in (
house on the west side of Tent
street Just north of Pennsylvani
avenue, and from there moved to
building at the southeast corner O
Pennsylvania avenue and Eleventh
street. The Eastern Hospital wa
on the west side of Fourteenth
street between K street and Pc
tomac avenue Sc.
For the same purpose, hospits
was established in Georgetown, o.
the west side of Wisconsin avenue
just south Of M street, and one 1
Alexandria, at the northeast corne
of Fairfax and Gibbons streets.
E Street Site Housed
Early Medical School
To DR.. Thomas Sewall is give
Gedit for the first attempt to foun
public hospital here. in 1920, whic
would have no 'poorhouse" stigm
attached to it. Though he failed,
was later successful in foundin
the medical school of Georg
Evening star., 1946-09-29
he Peoples Red Gross

conventions fancy. Result Mr. Cole
man was elected and the New York
er unseated. Fortunately, Mr.. Cole
man, Is an able, conscientious manu-
facturer and a credit to the commit
tee. But those who espouSed charter
reforms, saw here potential evil
through which small clique might
damage the Red Cross policy-mak-
ing body.
Eleven OF the Is present COM
mitteemen are Fasteners. This
cannot happen under the new tech
nique for selecting 80 governors to
represent the chapters. The gov
ernors will be selected in manner
to insure equitable national repre-
sentation, geographically and by
populations.
Division of All States
Into 10 Zones Suggested
This might be accomplished. the
Hartman committee said, by divid-
ing the States into 10 zones Of
equal aggregate populations. Since
10 persons are to be elected each
year under the plan of rotating
governors, one would be elected
each year from each zone.
From this start, the 80 chapter
governors and the presidential
appointees representing Govern
ment. can carry the ball them
selves in the promulgation of de-
mocracy in Red Cross.
The Hartman committee showed
the way by recommending II gov
ernors at large to represent ma
tional interests, to be elected by the
38 other governors.
What are these national inter-
ests?' Are they labor, religion, mi
nority groups, the farmers?
The Hartman committee said
"they would be chosen with a view
to obtaining outstanding individuals.
with national outlook and also to
obtaining the afhliation of religious,
professional. scientific and other
elements with which the Red Cross
should work closely" The Central
Committee, in adopting the recon-
mendations, struck out all reference
to group classifications.
After recent unpleasantness fol-
lowing the wartime agreement
whereby out-of pocket expenses
were paid two labor union Welfare
Committees for raising Red Gross
funds, officials at national head
quarters do not say directly that
labor was being given consideration
when the governor -at-large plan
was conceived.
Evening star., 1946-09-29

"oi AZ eASuSSSb "StA<AA
agency, is about to become
as democratic as the coun-
try it serves.
For the first time since 1t was
envisioned IS years ago by Henri
Dunant, nurtured by Clara Barton
and perpetuated in 1905 by con-
gressional charter, the Red Cross
soon will truly represent each of the
36,502 ,2l5 persons who contributed
to its Golfers of mercy last year.
Disposing of tradition, National
Chairman Basil O'Connor has set
the props for a new era which in
theory gives every Red Cross mem
Der, be he a 81 or $1,000 contributor,
a voice in multimillion- dollar
agency.
Under its broad, new provisions
a coal miner will have equal say-so
in Red Gross policy with a Park
avenue dowager The CLOSED cor
poration" aspect, long assailed by
commoners who thought upper
crust society had a monopoly on
how their funds were being spent,
is doomed to join the dodo.
These critics found a responsive
ear in Mr.. O'Connor, whose wrong
side of the track" origin and long
business association with President
Roosevelt prepared him for the
base-broadening" operation on
Red cPss.
Central Committee of Is
Called Inadequate
He agreed that 1S persons, some
of them virtually self-perpetuat-
ing in office, were not adequate as
a central committee to formulate
the policy of an organization which
during the war years campaigned
for and raised $785, 100000.
There was compelling need for
complete overhauling of a system,
which in 1905, provided the admin
istrative basis for 18 units and 1887
members and which in 1916 still
was the law of the land for 3,754 Red
Cross chapters and more than &c.
100000 members.
Last March, about the same time
rumor was rife that some of the
central committeeman would be
happy to see Mr.. O'Connor set up
shop elsewhere, he named COM
mittee headed by E. Roland Harri-
man of New York to make certain
that all the American people who
constitute the Red Cross have ade-
quate representation in shaping
policies of the national organiza-
ton" and to review the corporate
structure to insure most effective
handling of programs.
| Last week the committees report
was made public-25 recommends
tions for changes in the charter and
bylaws - plus approval of the
Central Committee. All that re-
manned was for Congress to write
the alterations into the charter and
for the Central Committee to revise
the bylaws.
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
Georgians Again
Elect TaImadge

do for The good oi Georgia
Carmichael's statement was iSsu-
ed following a long conference at
the Piedmont Hotel. There it had
been suggested to him that he con-
test the election or run as an in
dependent candidate in the general
election, as the choice of MAORI
ty of the voters. His statement was
as follows.
"On the basis oil the final re-
turn under the county unit sys-
tenn. Mr.. Talmadge has received
the Democratic nomination for the
office of governor. I am grateful
for the fact that I received the
largest popular vote that has ever
been cast for a candidate for gov
ernor in the history Of Georgia.
FOR COOL GOVERNMENT
"The Carmichael campaign was
predicated upon giving Georgia
good government with honesty,
decency and respectability IN the
administration of its affairs and
upon the maintenance of law and
order in this state. These are my
PRINCIPLES. and I will continue to
fight for them. The next admin
istration will receive my coop
Grafton in all that it tries to do for
the good of Georgia, but / Will
never sacrifice or compromise the
principles for which fought in
this campaign, and will continue
to devote my effort toward max
ing Georgia a better state in which
to l'-a. and towards encouraging
the .yeioe ment Of agriculture and
industry to the ere thai all people
of Geo. 4 may have a more happy
and Ire prosperous life.
"T3 the hun1EeIs of thousands
of Georgians who have fought sc
Loyalty during this campaign, ano
to the free press Of this state
which never faltered in having the
courage to print the facts at al
times I shall be eternally CRATE
full
1--WE have fought @ hard fight
We have done nothing for which
Continued on Back Page)
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
Kennedy Terms
New Policy As
One OF Bias
Natl Commander
Says Vets Can't
Condone Quotas

CHICAGO. ILL A strong at
tack on the recent War Depart
ment order stopping Negro enlist
ments in the " S. Army was de-
Ivered here this week BY the Unit
ed Negro and Allied Veterans OF
America.
Kennsth C. Kennedy nationa!
commander OF the organization,
protested against the policy of re-
stricting the Army's Negro per-
sonnel. He termed the policy "un
questionable discrimination"
In his statement Kennedy said
THE UNITED NEGRO AND
ALLIED VETERANS OF AMERICA
unreservedly condemns any and
all quota" systems used by the
War Department in the recruiting
of Army personnel. The quota me-
thod of selecting the members OF
the nations armed forces is with
out justification in democratic
principle. To limit the percentage
of Negro personnel in the Army is
to deliberately deprive citizens OF
their constitutional right to serve
their country.
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
mo Negro Voted
For Me- II aImadge

SANTA MONICA, Cal.-(SNS)-
Eugene Talmadge, Governor nomi-
nee of Georgia, vacationing here
after The recent primary said
Eliminating the n---Votes' that ne
received most of the votes. He said
that he didn't receive Negro votes
unless by mistake.
However Talmadge did say that
the smartest Negro in the South
voted for me-" He explained that
he referred to DR. j. w. Holley, for
mer president of Albany State
College, who advised Negroes to
stay away from the polls.
Talmadge said I don't think the
Negroes are educated enough for
or their civilization is old enough
for them to assume the responsible
ty of Government.
He insisted that he didn't know
enough about the Klan to give an
opinion on it, however, he said he
would approve any good order il
it is handled right
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
Rev. B. J. Nolan
Transferred To
Baton Rouge, La.

Rev. B. j. Nolan, Pastor OF Pear
Street AME Church for the past
three and one-half years announc-
ed from the pulpit last Sunday
Morning his immediate transfer
to a postorate in Baton Rouge,
Louisiana. Pastor Nolan will dellv-
er his farewell sermon to Pearl
Street Sunday morning following
which he will leave for the Louis
lana City.
Only little more than halfway
through the conference year which
marked his fourth at Pearl Street
Church Pastor Nolan stated that
he had accepted the new appoint
ment upon the insistent urging OF
Bishop Greene who though him
best fitted to take care OF the pro-
gram at Baton Rouge where plans
for building 100000 church edi-
flee are already underway.
Rev. r. K Young, former Dean
of Campbell College, will be the
new pastor of Pearl Street Church
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
ETHIOPIANS KICK
OUT IS ITALIANS

CAIRO -(ANP)- Seventy-eight
Italians, including 10 women and
nine children, have been expelled
from Ethiopia and are now IN
camps in Eritrea awaiting a decl-
sion as to their future. They said
that on July 2, they were ordered
by the Ethiopian minister of the
interior to leave the country with
in eight days.
In his heyday as premier OF the
synthetic Italian empire. Benlto
Mussolini transported thousands
of italians from their over-farm-
ed native country to settle in the
Businesses of the most fertile areas
of Ethiopia, then under the heel
of the aggressor. These fmimigrsnts
were given Ethiopian lands and
subsized to settle in the con-
ouered territory. When the Ethio-
plan people regained possession oil
their lands, their first move was
to oust the interlopers, sending
them back to their native land OF
to it's possession in Africa which
Ethiopians now seek to regain
Few of the m grants lemain In
Ethiopia as the Ethiopians were
very hostile toward the Italians
and feeling ran high against
them. The few remaining in al
most inaccessible places are being
ferreted out and ordered out OF
the country Immediately. Selassie
wants no part of the Italian army
OF migrants in the territory
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27

A throng that filled to overflow
in the spacious auditorium of Lanier
High school was present to pay the
last tribute of respect and honor
to prof. Sam M. Brinkley where
his funeral rites were hello at 3
D. m. Friday July 18th. Prof Brin-
kley died at Jackson College Health
Center Clinic Tuesday July 10th
the immediate results of stroke
of paralysis which struck him at
his home on Ponidevter Street
while asleep sometime during the
preceding Sunday night leaving
him speechless which was only dis
covered by his wife when he failed
to arise at his usual hour in the
morning.
One of its pioneer Negro edu-
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27

NEW YORK-(SNS)- The Ma
tional Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People an
nounced Saturday that its offices
N New York's Freedom House had
been deluged with angry messages
rom shocked Americans from ev-
cry part of the country demanding
speedy action in bringing the sa-
liStic South Carolina troopers who
gouged out the eyes of Negro vet
20 justice.
The case of the 27year-old yet,
isaac Woodland, whose eyes were
gouged out by Aiken, South Caro-
Ina police only three hours after
he had been discharged from
Camp Gordon, Ca, has started a
storm of protest which is rapidly
assuming national and interna-
tional proportions. A correspondent
for British and Indian newspapers
described it as one of the most
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
Mound Bayou Hold 59th Annual
Founders Day Celebration

do it, that no outside opposition
will ever be able to hold them
down.
The guest speaker for the oc-
casion was the honorable Carl R..
Johnson, Attorney At Law, of Kan
sas City, Missouri Mr.. Johnosn is
a Negro Attorney, World War l
Veteran, a member of the legal
staff of the N. A. A. c. P.
He was introduced by Major B.
A. Green, who said in part: "The
Negro Attorney in the past ar
Continued on Back Page)
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
CHARGE DENIED

According to a United Press dis
patch of July II, from Aiken, Chief
of Police j. M. Sprawls was quoted
as stating that there was no rec
ord of Negro veteran being taken
from a bus and beaten by police
last February 13 as charged by
the NAACP. Said SpraWls. I'VE
have given them every cooperation
but the whole thing is a mystery
as far as we know. We have check
ed all the Negro ambu.ances which
may have taken the reported vic
tim to Columbia but none of them
know anything about it None OF
them on my force know anything
about it and there is no record OF
any such incident anywhere in
Aiken County" Oliver Harrington,
NAACP Public Relations Director.
commenting on Chief Sprawls'
statement declared This isn't in
the least surprising. 1t would have
been more surprising if there had
been a record OH the Aiken police
blotter admitting that two of their
troopers had gouged out the eyes
of veteran just returned from
the South Pacific"
In a letter addressed 10 Attor-
ney-General Tom Clark, Walter
White. NAAcs Secretary stated.
Because 1t was felt that ts.is mat
ter was one of interest TO the War
Department. We Immediately re-
ferred II 10 the Secretary Of War
with the hoye that the War De-
partment would see fit to investi-
gate the case and also TO take
some steps TO assist in rehabilita-
ting woodard. either by granting
him o pension or by helping him
to ind some sort of employment
ASK PROSECUTION
We feel. however. that IL is
mandatory that the responsible
parties be prosecuted TO the full
limit of the law and are requesting
that you Immediately have this
matter thoroughly investigated by
the Department of Justice and take
steps to punish the police officials
who are guilty of this heinous
crime"
Since the vets story first appear
ed in the nations press on Wed
nesday, July II, there have been
numerous inquiries from groups
and organizations offering assist
ance. Mr.. White urged these
groups TO Immediately write the
Department of Justice demanding
an investigation and steps TO
prosecute the responsible parties.
In a letter containing $3.50
check for Isaac Woodard, Ethel S.
Epstein, former Labor Secretary
under ex-Mayor LaGuardia, stated
81 have just read, in the NEW
YORK POST, of the attack on Mr..
Isaac Woodard by the police OF
Aiken, South Carolina. The shame
and blame for what has occurred
must be borne by all OF us
"It seemed to me unnecessary
that Mr.. Woodward should think
that in addition to what he has
suffered, the people of this coun-
try should be lacking in gratitude
for what he did for them. Perhaps
it is even important that he should
know that there are white people
CONTINUED ON Back Pagct
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
Throng Fills Lanier Hi
Aud. To Pay Last Tribute
To Prof. S. IA. BrinkIey

Gators, Prof Brinkley had long
and successful record of school
teaching in Mississippi. His early
teaching was in Kinds and Copiah
counties. TIe taught at Alcorn
for four years. Coming to the Jack
son Public School System he serv-
ed as assistant Principal of Smith
Robinson School during the princi
palship of Prof. Lanier. He became
prin., of Jim Hill School in 1912 an
remained principal until he retired
in 1941.
He was a member of ST. Mark S
Episcopal Church. He is survived
by his wife Mrs. Gussie Grayson
Brinkley. The funeral sermon was
delivered by Bishop E. w. Butler.
CONTINUED on Back Page
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27

MOUND BAYOU, MISS For
the 59th time, the citizens OF Mound
Bayou paid tribute to /, t. Mont
gomery and Benjamin t. Green
and Pioneer citizens who founded
Mound Bayou last week.
The town has taken on new life
There is not vacant building OF
any kind; new structures are going
up as fast as material can be OBJ
tanned. The people of Mound Bay
ou have made up their minds that
if they have to raise themselves
by their own boot straps, they will
Jackson advocate., 1946-07-27
AGAINST POLICY

"The veterans of this country
cannot condone a policy that would
restrict Negroes or any other MI
nority group in terms of national
service. World War II proved de-
cisively the evil of racial quotas
Continuation by the War Depart
ment of it's past policy of segrega-
ting and restricting Negroes points
up the tragic failure of the coun-
try's military leadership to learn
from experience. Experience showed
that this policy was wastetul, un-
democratic and destructive OF good
morale.
"This organization equally oppos-
es the recent order of the War De-
partment terminating the assign
ment of Negro personnel to the
European Theatre. When the Army
chooses to decide what kind OF
Americans can serve in its ranks
and where they can serve 1t is
dangerously arrogating prefogatlves
that do not belong to it.
ASKS PLAN SCRAPPING
1.-The halting of Negro enlist
ments is another demonstration
that the War Department refuses
to consider Negro citizens on their
individual merits and qualifications
This plan ought to be scrapped be-
cause it is unquestionably dlscrl-
mination and the war was not
fought to maintain such practices.
The UNITED NEGRO AND ALI
ED VETERANS OF AMERICA asks
the Chief Executive Of the nation
to rescind the order stopping Negro
enlistments and to order the War
Department to accept citizens into
the service regardless of their race.
Copies of Kennedy's statement
were sent to President Truman,
Secretary Of War, Robert L. Pat
J terson and General Dwight D. Eli
e senhower, Chief of Staff of the
Army