davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-26
General Brodiey's Tusk

There can be little doubt that vet
Grams as a whole will welcome the
news that General Omar Bradley
is to remain as Veterans Admin
istrator as long as there is continued
need for his services. In denying re-
ports of an early departure from the
Veterans Administration, General
Bradley pointed out that he had
agreed to direct the bureau during
its postwar stages of expansion and
he has no intention of quitting the
job until he has completed the pro-
gram he set out to do.
Much has been. accomplished for
the veteran since General Bradley
took over, but much remains to be
done. One of the big problems is
protecting the majority of veterans
from the damaging actions of an
unscrupulous few who would take
unfair advantage of their country's
generosity. General Bradley has
shown typical courage and forth
rightness in dealing with this prob
lem, particularly in the field of on
the-job training.
1t is no easy task which confronts
the Veterans Administrator. He
deserves the support of every citi-
zen, whether he is an ex-serviceman
or not. And he is entitled to the CO.
operation of organizations inter-
ested in the welfare of veterans. 1t
is refreshing to learn that the new
commander of the American Legion,
Paul H. Grifi1th, plans to eliminate
personalities in dealing with Gen.
eral Bradley-something which his
predecessor failed to do-and to
place relations between the Veter-
ans Administrator and the Legion
on the high plane which should
exist between these two champions
of the veteran. General Bradley
needs all the help and constructive
advice that he can get to carry out
the difficult assignment entrusted
to him.
Evening star., 1946-10-26
The Veto Debate

Ii appears ulSuly Unlikely tIldt
the United Nations Charter will be
amended in the near future to elm
mate or greatly modify the veto
power of the Big Five. This is so
because direct action to that end
could be completely blocked by any
of the permanent members of the
Security Council. and Russia. as one
of those members. is vigorously op-
posed to all such action.
Nevertheless the impending Cen
eral Assembly debate on the issue
should do much to clear the air. At
very least it should serve to define
the objections of the smaller powers,
and it may even have the desirable
effect of persuading all of the Big
Five to resort to the veto from now
on as "sparingly" as was envisioned
at San Francisco when the United
Nations Charter was signed.
In the Security Councils activities
to date, China, France, Britain and
the United States have not left
themselves open to criticism on this
score, but the Soviet Union has. In
deed, besides being anything but
sparing in their use Of the veto, the
Russians have shown signs of want
ing to broaden 1t, and they have
objected-though agreeing not to
press the objection-even to the
General Assembly's right to debate
the question.
At the risk of some oversimplifica-
ton, the Soviet attitude may be
summarized as consisting of two
major points: % Any enforcement
action or similar drastic measure to
maintain peace would have to be
carried out largely by the Big Five,
and each of the Big Five-to protect
it's own interests and sovereignty
must therefore have the right to
veto any serious step with which it
cannot agree. and (2) In the world
as it is today, majority Of votes
could easily be mustered against
Russia, and Russia accordingly must
insist upon the unanimity rule for
it's own safety.
From the standpoint of the Soviet
Union, both of these points-partic-
ularly the second-have a measure
of validity not denied by the other
members of the Big Five. The United
States, for instance, probably would
not have signed the Charter had the
veto provision been lacking, nor has
it taken the position that the p~wer
should be abolished entirely. Along
with China, France and Britain,
however. we have made clear that
that power ought not to be used the
way the Russians have used it. More
than that, we have called for its
modification, especially to make it
inapplicable to world control OF the
atom.
Actually, of course, as President
Truman told the opening session OF
Evening star., 1946-10-26
Same Old Story

There has been considerable spec
ulation, probably well founded, to
the effect that the latest rumblings
from John L. Lewis are inspired in
no small part by political considera-
tions.
AS he has done so often in the past,
MIR. Lewis once again is pounding on
the table and accusing the other
fellow of bad faith. This time the
accusations are aimed at the Gov
ernment, which is operating the coal
mines. Mr.. Lewis says that Secretary
of the Interior Krug and his subor-
dinates, who negotiated the present
contract with him, have violated the
agreement on two counts. The
result, he says, is to cheat the miners
out of millions of dollars. The Gov
ernment has offered to arbitrate
these points, and if the real issue
were merely question of inter-
preting the contract settlement
could be expected.
Mr.. Lewis, however, has also served
the Government with an ultimatum
demanding the reopening of the
entire agreement, and has left the
implication that the miners will quit
work on November -four days prior
to the election-unless this demand
is accepted. 1t is this aspect of the
matter that has the politically
minded members of the administra-
tion worried. If they try to crack
down on Mr.. Lewis they almost GER
tainly will lose the election in West
Virginia. If they sit tight and do
nothing strike may be expected,
and that, too, probably would throw
the State into the Republican
column. A third possibility is to
bow to the Lewis demands, but that
would certainly cause repercussionS
throughout the country and might
easily damage the Democratic cause
in other States.
In the longer view, however, the
threat to the country is more Sc
rious than that to the Democratic
Party. Another coal strike, if it
were to last for any considerable
period, would be a calamity. The
stumbling effort to get production
going would be set back on its heels
and the second round" of wage
strikes would be we'll under way.
Yet that is the prospect that we
face. And we will continue to face
it until such time as the national
public interest is held to be of great
er Importance than the freedom to
strike and the narrow political con-
siderations that are tied up with
the strike issue.
Evening star., 1946-10-26
This Changing World
By Constantine Broicn

1t was suggested that the U. N. force
the issue and get rid Of Franco. All
kinds Of solutions we're advanced, in
Guiding reinstatement of the monarchy.
There has been a thorough exchange of
views between the American, British and
French governments on the latter's in
sistence that Franco be purged. After
considering carefully the pros and cons
of u NJ intervention to rid Spain OF
its dictator, the interested powers
reached the conclusion that while 1t
would be desirable to dispense with Ell
Caudillo, the dangers of causing an
other civil war in Spain far outweigh
the advantages of ridding Western
Europe of dictator
France is said to have concurred with
the American and British view that
active intervention of foreign powers in
the domestic affairs Of Spain might set
fire to the Iberian Peninsula and 1t
might be difficult to extinguish.
The U. N. was not organized to dictate
policies to the member or nonmember
nations. It's chief purpose Is to keep
the world at peace. And 1t would be a
sad reflection on that international body
If by mixing in the domestic affairs OF
a nonmember nation 1t created blood
shed and hardships.
Franco is not threatening the integ-
rity of any of Spain's neighbors. The
Spanish Army has no aggressive power.
At best it could fight for some time
against a small invading force.
Hence the hasty intervention of the
U. N. Secretary General appears not
wholly warranted.
Article 100 of the United Nations
Charter provides that I'm the perform
ance of their duties the Secretary GenS
eral and the staff shall not seek or re-
ceive instructions from any government
or from any other authority external OF
the Organization. They shall refrain
from any action which might reflect on
their position as international officials
responsible only to the Organization. .
Moreover, 1t is provided in the same
article that Each member under
takes not to seek to influence
(the Secretary GeneraD in the dis
charge of his responsibilities"
In view of the fact that there are
other more immediate and pressing
matters for the Assembly and Council
to decide. there is some fear in respon-
sible quarters that Mr.. Lie has adopted
a course which appears vitality impor-
tant only to theoretical ideologists, but
not essential for the purpose for which
the u. N. was created
Evening star., 1946-10-26
West FavOrS Force
By George Fielding Eliot

children are to be secure against war
and the fear of war They would like
to see real international security sys-
tenn in which they could have confidence.
They will support any steps leading to
the establishment of such system.
Nor do they longer delude themselves
with the idea that Americans can have
peace and security without taking re-
sponsibility for the peace and security
of the whole world community 1t was
from the ports and airields OF the
Pacific Coast that American power was
projected in vast outpouring across
eight thousand miles of ocean to over
whelm the empire of Japan. The peo-
pie who live here saw that effort,
participated in it, realized its cost and
its dangers.
days of terrible uncertainty after Pearl
Harbor, while that great effort was as
yet only in the preparatory stage. Again
and again one hears, IF only we had
stood up to the Japs in 1881, II only
we had been ready to put force behind
our treaty commitments in the Pacific"
One feels that these people will not
again turn away from the duty OF
supporting our international commit
ments-with force if necessary.
X X j
They want world of peace and JUS
tice under law. They want American
policy to be directed toward that objec-
tive. And they understand that until
it is attained there will always be
danger that some one will try to use
force to possess himself OF advantages
which he cannot get by negotiation. 1t
was SO in the communities OF the old
West and the peaceful citizen had to
find an answer to the problem before
he could build security for himself ana
for his children. The answer ne found,
the answer which enabled him and his
to survive until the coming OF estab-
llshed law, was the establishment OF
the committees of vigilance. The West
erner of today, looking out upon the
world community Of which he is part,
is fully prepared to see the power OF
the United states used in like manner
to maintain the peace wherever it may
be threatened.
tcopyriRht, 1e4oJ
Evening star., 1946-10-26
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

WHEELING. W. Va, Oct. 26.-1n this
State and in nearby Pennsylvania the
Democrats-particula those OF the
New Deal variety-are striving nightly
to re-elect two of the stanchest support
ers of the late President Roosevelt
Senators Kilgore and Guf1ey.
Both of them rode to election in 1910
with Mr.. Roosevelt heading their partys
ticket. and both of them are particular
pets of the CIO. Both of them are
faced with hard fights Should they
both be defeated, it would be real
blow to the more radical wing of the
Democratic party.
In their campaigns these gentlemen
are seeking to capitalize on the New
Deal administration OF the late Presi-
dent. Their effort Is to keep before
the voters the hard times which pre-
vailed during the last Republican ma
tional administration. They predict
return of hard times If the COP comes
again into power.
1~ The situation which confronts them,
however, is more comparable to 1913
and 1920 than to 1882. There are no
breadlines, people have work and the
farmers have been making money--as
they did during world War /. But the
people are fed up with wartime regula-
tions and shortages of all kinds. They
have recently won a great war-as they
had in 1918 and 1920-and they are not
content with the progress which has
been made toward peacetime recovery
as they were not content in 1920. 1t is,
therefore, an uphill fight for these Dem
ocrats. Every new industrial dispute or
threat of one, as in the case of John
L. Lewis and his United Mine Workers.
plays into the hands OF the Republicans
** -
The twisting and turning Of the ad-
ministration in washington in the face
of political danger has assumed almost
panic proportions. First President Tru-
man permitted former Secretary OF
Commerce Henry A. wallace to make
an address in New York on foreign
policy, calculated to keep the radicals
in line for the Democratic ticket. Thep
he repudiated the wallace speech.
First the President stood like rock
against the decontrol of meat prices and
for the continuance of the OPA. When
the pressure became too great he yielded
to the opportunities of distressed Demo-
cratic leaders all over the country. Meat
controls were abandoned and the OPA
is on its way out in hurry.
Having first declared for stringent
Government economy, the President
turned again, almost on the eve OF
election, and authorized the expenditure
of hundreds of millions Of dollars for
Evening star., 1946-10-26

SPOKANE, Wash, Oct. 26.-Any one
who feared-or hopes-that the people
of this country are split on the basic
opiectives of American foreign policy
should pay visit to the Pacific Coast
States before making up his mind.
Judging from the reactions which this
reporter has encountered, the people
of these States are not only determined
to have peaceful world, but they are
quite ready to have their Government
use force whenever necessary to pre-
serve the peace.
This is long way from the attitude
Of only 10 years ago, when the general
feeling of most people-not only here
on the West Coast but throughout the
country-was reflected by such things as
the Neutrality Act and other legislative
attempts to keep us from becoming "in-
volved" in the world cataclysm that
was SO inexorably approaching. Bitter
experience has taught lesson which
cost us dearly, but which these people
of the Pacific slope, at any rate. appear
to have learned. They no longer talk
Of keeping out of war" they talk OF
preventing war Not once has any one
said to me, I'VE have no business being
mixed up in this or that" Rather,
people ask, Are we doing enough? Are
we being firm enough? Do we have
enough force to prevent any breach OF
the peace?"
Il
Those who ask these questions are
not thinking of American domination of
the world Some OF them are thinking
in terms OF "get tough with Russia"
of course, but when one probes into the
reasons for anti-Russian feelings the
answer is always the same: Disappoint-
ment and distrust arising from the OBJ
struction policies OF the present Soviet
government, feeling that the United
Nations ought to be working better, that
it ought to have given us more depend
able world security and that it is largely
the fault of the Soviet government that
it has not done SO.
The people of these parts want no
more war, but they understand perfectly
well that just wanting or hoping is not
enough, that positive action and positive
policies are required II they and their
Evening star., 1946-10-26

public works-at time when it Is diff
cult to get housing materials and there
is plenty of work for everybody. 1t looks
almost like q return to the tax and
tax, spend and spend, and elect and
elect" earlier days of the New Deal. 1t
looks like an effort to recruit the pay
roll army" again.
Democrats have been in control OF
Congress for Is years and of the entire
Federal Government for IA. They are
not now going to relinquish control
without struggle. 1t looks as though
they were grasping at any straw that
may save them Their fear, and it is
very real one, is that the great mass of
voters will not go to the polls on elec-
ton day-as they did go when Mr..
Roosevelt was running. They say they
find it difficult to arouse the people.
The dismissal of Mr.. Wallace from
the cabinet took the heart out of the
left wingers-or so the CIO leaders say.
Further, bloc of votes upon which the
Democrats had been able to count dur
ing the Roosevelt regime-the Negro
vote-is now turning away. This vote is
OF great importance in Northern and
Eastern States. and in some OF the
Midwest The Negroes are not content
with what has been happening since
the end of the war, and since the death
of President Roosevelt. They are paying
attention to the attacks on them which
come from Democratic sources-the Bill
bos and the Talmadges.
Political indifference of the masses
which alarms the Democrats-has just
been pinned down by poll conducted
in Philadelphia by the Evening Bulletin
1t was carefully taken poll. 1t showed
the astounding fact that more than four
out of five voters in Philadelphia have
no idea Of the names Of the major
party candidates for United States
Senator and Governor. Nothing like that
could have happened when Mr.. Roose-
welt was running for President against
Thomas E. Dewey or Wendell Willkie.
About seven in 10, the poll showed,
too. cid not know what offices are to be
filed in the coming election. The Re-
publican voters were slightly better In
formed than the Democratic, and people
who had gone to college made con-
siderably better showing in the poll than
those who had gone no further than
high school.
1t all points to the likelihood that
great many potential voters will simply
stay away from the polls, and those who
do vote are more likely to do so as pro-
test against conditions than because
they admire this or that candidate.
Evening star., 1946-10-26

u. N. Secretary General Trygve Lies
resurrection Of the Franco case" at
this time has been coolly received in
most offlcial quarters in Washington
Mr.. Lies right to bring up the matter
is not questioned Article SO of the
United Nations Charter provides that
"the Secretary General may bring to
the attention of the Security Council
any matter which in his opinion may
threaten the maintenance OF tnterna-
tional peace and security"
But what is questioned Is whether at
the present time Generalissimo Fran
cisco Frances regime actually threatens
world peace and security. The reports
of all unbiased observers are that this
is not the case. p.
Nobody likes the Franco regime, which
is the offspring of Hitler and Mussolini
There is no question that Franco has
been guilty Of many breaches Of human
itarian laws and has maintained himself
in power for a number of years with the
assistance of tough state police.
But after this is said. the present die
tatorial regime in Spain Is not half as
bad as the Yugoslav or Polish govern
ments," or for that matter that OF the
u. 8. 8. r. There are nowhere near as
many political concentration camps IN
the Iberian state as there are east OF
the Oder River, and, according to re-
ports from diplomatic, consular and
other oficial and unofdcial observers,
there are fewer executions and over
night disappearances of the regimes
opponents than there are in countries
behind the Iron curtain"
While few western observers are al
lowed to enter that great Communist
area--and those who are admitted are
drastically restricted in their movements
and supervised by the state secret police
there is no noticeable restriction on
the movements of foreigners in Frances
dictatorship Members of the foreign
diplomatic and consular corps and
newspaper and business men can go
wherever they please in Spain.
II 4 X
This is said in official quarters not as
a defense of the Franco government but
in order to point out that the Spanish
situation, unpalatable as 1t is to all
western democracies, is not of nature
to justify Mr. Lies request that the
u. N. consider it one of the paramount
dangers to maintenance OF international
peace and security.
The Franco case has been under close
scrutiny by the major European powers
for long time. The whole matter was
thoroughly discussed last summer when
Evening star., 1946-10-26
SELLING Abrood
m the London Daily Express.

From the London Daily Express.
What about the revival of the export
trade? The figures are encouraging. But
in this world sellers market the efforts
Of other -nations must be measured
against our own. Where Britain's ex-
ports are worth half as much again as
they were before the war, Americas are
worth three times her prewar exports.
British exporters say that shortages and
cramping government regulations are
holding them back from eager markets
still. The rest of the domestic record
is bad. Coal: Output disastrously low.
Houses: Progress heartbreakingly slow.
Food: Worse than it was IL months ago.
Work: The dark patches reappear.
Evening star., 1946-10-26
If Oaks Were Wise
,dks tDere eDen SenlitDiSe,

II oaks tDere eDen SenlitDiSe,
/ think that they tDould realize
That after autnmns pGgeantry
Come frigid months ,Dhen nudity
(Or, harsher still, costumes OF snotp)
Will be their lot-that they mould k,to,o
To sape a gaudy robe or t,oo
For Dinter. But ,Uhat do they do?-
Al,oays they don, in fields and totons,
Their rouge-red, iDfne-red, fume!red
gOlCnS-
Swapping their fingers at the frost.
At 1Dlaat such fnery ,0iH cost.
Sometimes think perhaps should
Adpise these gypsies of the toood
TO hoard their fame, their rouge. their
1Uine-
But then It's no affair OF mine.
JOHN NIXON, jr.
Evening star., 1946-10-26

the General Assembly, "the exercise
OF neither veto rights nor majority
rights can make peace secure. There
is no substitute for agreements that
are universally acceptable because
they are just to all concerned" But
such agreements will be more diff
cult than ever to attain, and the
United Nations will be discredited,
If the will Of the overwhelming ma
jority is constantly frustrated by
single diSSenter.
If the Assembly debate does no
more than make this point emphati-
cally clear to all peoples and govern
ments, 1t will have served useful
purpose.
Evening star., 1946-10-26
A Big Assumption
From the Detroit News.

From the Detroit news.
David Lawrence writes in his column
that there is no hope of permanent
peace with Russia unless the existing
autocratic government of that country
is "supplanted" by democratic one.
That may be true but, even so, the state
ment of such conclusion by columns
ist of national repute is of doubtful
present utility. The proposition is not
susceptible of proof. 1t may not be true
and, in any event, is something Ameri-
can craftsmanship cannot accept until
every alternative possibility has been
explored and found wanting. American
policy obviously cannot be geared to the
assumptions-neither of them very likely
to be realized, seemingly-first, that
Russia will experience revolution and,
second, that the supplanting regime
would be democratic