davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
Goering Takes Stand
And Lectures Judqes
In Nuremberg Trial
Nozis Smashed Army PIot
Few Hours Before Tokinq
Power, He Tells Court

g NUREMBERG, Mar. 13.-Lec-
turing his Allied judges as If they
were schoolboys, Herman Goer-
ing testified today that Adolf
Hitler seized power in 1888 "to
make Germany free"
The leader among the % Nazis
on trial for war crimes boast
fully emphasized his own impor-
lance in snatching control of the
Nazi party and asserted that an
army plot against Hitler was barely
averted few hours before the
first Hitler cabinet took its oath
ID years ago.
The former reichsmarshal, dressed
in a baggy, undecorated gray uni
form with a red scarf about his
meek, charged that the military plot
was nstigated by Gen. Kurt Won
Schleicher-slain the following year
in the Ernst Roehm blood purge
land Gen. Curt Won Hammerstein-
Equord, former commander Of the
German army, with the help of
the Potsdam garrison.
Tells of Early Career.
The prompt return of Field
Marshal Won Blomberg from a dis
armament conference in Switzerland
and his nomination as Minister of
War followed the plotters, Georing
said.
He started his testimony by
telling Of his career that started
hree decades ago in the Richthofen
air squadron.
While his white-haired attorney
slowly questioned him, Goering
mentioned the medals he had won
and a wound suffered in fighting
for the Kaiser's Reich.
The court was packed for the
dramatic moment Of the three and
half months trial as the once
fiamboyant reichmarshal took his
place before the microphone.
Opposed Weimar Republic.
In low, somber voice, Goering
identified his father as q friend Of
the British empire builders, Cecil
Rhodes and Joseph Chamberlain
He said the World War left him
opposed in every way" to the Wei
mar Republic.
After travel abroad, Goering said
1Coo NTIEPN1TDN r. 10y
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
British Food Minister
Would Feed Japan
And Germany Last
Relief of Allies Comes
First, Sir Ben Smith
Tells Newsmen Here
By Malcolm Lomborne, Jr.

Sir Ben Smith, British food
minister, proposed today that
Germany and japan be placed at
the bottom of the list in working
out world food ALLEGATIONS and
said he planned to take this
stand at meeting tomorrow of
the Combined Food Board here.
of I have to make choice I am
making choice to give to our Allies
in the world and then what is
left to exenemy countries, -
he declared at press conference
in the Willard Hotel He added that
this did not mean that food supplies
now going to Japan and Germany
should be cut OF.
At the same time he disclosed
that the. United States, Great Brit
Jain, France "and one could almost
hope the Russians" are working on
q common standard for the Ger
man diet, through the Allied Control
Commission. Sir Ben suggested q
! ,000-caloric diet for Germans.
Praises Conservation Plan.
Questioned on reports that Russia
was sending 100000 tons of wheat
to France, Sir Ben said he did not
know what Russia's grain supplies
were, but that if the reports were
true then it could be assumed that
those countries "in the Russian
orbit" would be supplied by the
Soviet.
Great Britain continues to make
sacrifices, and with wartime ration
ing continuing, 'our people are feel
ing just little frustrated" Sir Ben
said. All official British correspond
ence, he said. is now carrying the
slogan. Don't Waste Bread, Others
Need It."
He praised this country's new
conservation program and described
the 39-point program outlined by
the Famine Emergency Committee
on Monday as the "39 articles of
faith" The United States, he added,
is going to make "a very great con-
tribution."
Hinges on British Loan.
Questioned on the United King
dom's food requirements from this
country, Sir Ben said that hinged on
the outcome of the British loan now
before Congress.
Regardless of what steps are taken
to relieve famine in the world,
people will die" before the next
harvest, he warned.
The British official has been con-
ferring here with the British Food
Mission, the Combined Food Board
and Government officials on the
problems of food for Great Britain
and the continent.
President Truman has invited
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

pared to do to enforce the peace
and meet our debts to mankind, is
not generally realized. The result
is a surprise to those who see the
evidence at first hand. And unless
there is a purposeful rebuilding of
what has been torn down in such
haste, unless the people here at
home decide how we are to carry
out some of the intentions so nobly
expressed in and out of Congress,
we are placing at d grave disadvan-
tage the men in uniform who still
are serving their country along its
new frontiers. We are prejudicing
with the faint Of insincerity, some
Of the declarations of our statesmen.
= Airmail Has Broken Down.
Five months after vi day more
than $500, 600 Of the 3,4OO, 900 men
OF all services in the Pacific had
been brought back for discharge in
a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
Housed roupSummon,
Eisenhower, Cabinet
Men for Plain Talk
Patterson and Byrnes
Also Attend Hearing on
Peace Draft, Troinine
Bill IETlN
BULLETIN.

Secretary of War Patterson
advocated extension of the
draft law today at a closed
meeting of the House Military
Committee. Mr.. Patterson
told the committee he saw mo
assurance of meeting the OBJ
legations assigned to the Army
without a continuance of Sc
lective service"
BY the Assoeiaisd Press
The House Military Affairs
Committee called two cabinet
Iofficers and the Army's chief Of
staff today for more plain
talking on the world situation
and on onr military needs"
Members said that is the reason
they summoned Secretary OF State
tByrnes, Secretary of War Patterson
land Gen. Eisenhower to a closed
door session before voting on such
matters as:
Universal military training legis-
lation advocated by President Tru-
man.
Extension of the draft law which
expires May Is.
| Stockpiling of materials vitality
needed in time of war.
Increases In pay of all Army and
Navy personnel in an effort to spur
enlistments.
After hearing Mr.. Byrnes, Mr.. Pat
terson and Gen. Eisenhower, the
committee is expected to vote on
universal training and the draft
extension, two matters which many
members say they feel must be set
tied before the committee does any
thing else.
There is strong committee senti-
ment for the proposal of House
Minority Leader Martin to delay
training legislation until all efforts
to outlaw peacetime CONSUMPTION
throughout the world have been
exhausted.
While Chairman May is known to
be opposed to the Martin proposal
and Mr.. Truman has called it i'm
practical, it has gathered strength
in recent weeks.
There is scant support in the
committee for a full year Of military
training as advocated by the Pres
ident, although many members are
sympathetic to an American Legion
proposal for a shorter compulsory
training period.
A possible compromise advanced
by some committeeman would rec
ommend the Legions' program, to
become effective only after the
President notifies Congress that
efforts to obtain an international
ban on CONSUMPTION have failed.
Pending a final decision on uni
yersal training, the committee is
expected to approve shortly a six
months extension OF the draft law,
with exemptions for men with chill
dren and for all men over 80 or
under q.
It also is leaning favorably to-
ward an Army Navy proposal to
raise the pay and allowances Of all
officers and enlisted men 40 per cent
lin an effort to encourage enlist
ments so the draft law can be
abandoned after six months.
Stockpiling legislation passed by
the Senate is ready for committee
action, but the group deferred vote
until it hears the views Of Mr..
Byrnes, Gen. Eisenhower and Mr..
Patterson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
Russians 20 Miles From Teheran.
Advance Close to Turkey |raq;
y. S. Awaits Soviet Explanation
RedCombutForce.
Using Sherman
7 onks in Iran
BULLETIN.

LONDON N.-The Moscow
radio said tonight that Pre-
mier Stain had told a Pravda
reporter that Winston Church.
Ills speech in Fulton, Mo-, was
VERY dangerous" and con-
tanned Lies about Warsaw,
Belgrade, Bucharest and
Budapest"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
HysteHcol DemobiIizing Leaves
Pacific War Machine a Wreck
Positive Policy on Recruiting and Rebuilding
OfU. S. Forces Necessary to Meet Pledges
This the first OF BY associate editor o,
Ihe Star 3us returned from trip the
the Secretaries Of Napy article M appear
tomorroDJ F.
BY B. N. MeKeIwoy
Associate Ed}S~S of The Stoy

The arplane has made the to
but is still big world journey from Washington
and Guam to Japan Korea China the Philippines
again. crowded into five short weeks necessarily
traveller left with impressions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
|GM,UnionReach
Pay Agreement;
Full ACCORD Near
Few Other Issues
Unsettled After
AII-Night PorIey
BULLETIN
BULLETIN

DETROIT P.-The General
Motors strike was settled to-
day.
The basis was an 1872 cents
an hour wage increase (l6k
per cent?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

(See RUSSIA, Page A-4)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

(See PAULEY, Page AID
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

(See MINERS. Page ARD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

(See FOOD, Page AID
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

(See McKELWAY, Page A-4.)
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
The Issue

Despite the great ado which is being
made about the wage issue, the real issue
upon which the economic future OF this
country depends is the price structure.
Settlement of the strikes in electrical,
meat, automobile and other industries
based upon 19 per cent wage increase
will mean little or nothing to the workers
if the price increases asked by the indus
trialists are granted.
Let no worker have any illusions be-
cause his wage scale who was formerly oO
cents an hour has now gone to S1.4O. Let
him accompany his wife on a shopping ex-
pedition and see what has occurred to the
prices while he was winning wage in
creases grudgingly given.
When we refer to wages we usually
mean the rate of pay received in dollars
and cents; but real wages, or the amount
of things our money will buy for us, is
the real measure of our income
When we received so cents an hour we
could purchase nearly as much Tor our
money as we can today when our wages
have more than doubled.
If the steel corporations are granted
price lnCTedSeS dS d JuSlillNdbiOh Aoi i"iSAhe
the wages of the steelwOrkers, and 1t is
certain that price hike will be allowed,
of what value is the wage increase? What
value is the wage increase to Auto or other
unions which have secured wage raises
when the increased cost of steel is tackled
onto the price of automobiles and other
products using steel?
Because prices and wages are inter
dependent, il follows of necessity that
wage increases won at the sacrifice OF
comparable price increases means nothing
except changing figures. The purchasing
power of the workers will not have gained
and we will be as close as ever to the in
Nepitable breakdown.
- The real task Of the unions today is
. not eompletedfwhen wage increases have
been won, but will only be completed
when the increased wages are made to
mean something by holding down prices.
Then, and only then, can the country know
the meaning of true prosperity.
Increases in wages which are now
being given to the workers may be the
means Of launching this country on a great
boom, but it will be of short duration and
end in another and worse depression un-
less we synchronize all the parts of the
economic system
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
Regional
Views
By Richard Gosser
Director Region 2B, UAW>ClO

In time of production lags, workers in our
plants are laid off in line of seniority so that
the ones who hold the least seniority are laid
off first and those with greater seniority last
Seniority, while it is step in the right
direction is by no means the answer to the
workers problem of earning living for him
self and his family. The only possible answer
is full employment at wages high enough to
enable the worker to purchase the things
which he produces.
Disputes about seniority only take place
at time when there is unemployment and is
merely a reflection of the workers anxiety
to gain security. If there was widespread en-
ployment at the present time, the question of
Hershey's Interpretation of the e-employment
of veterans giving them precedence over other
employees with greater seniority would be
minor and not major issue.
Without going into the question of super
seniority, 1t seems to me that rather than fight
with each other over who is going to work
and who is going to starve, that we direct our
energies at the real source Of our troubles.
the industries which are actually striking
against the people in order to initiate the prices
of the things we need, and Congress which has
failed to provide us with any guarantees or
provisions for jobs.
RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility goes with power, and since
the industrialists are powerful in the econon2lS =
field and Congress is strong in the polt5A1 e
field, 1t rests with them to fulfill their obliuN
tions to the people of this country. -
Little by little we have rid the industrI a
overlords of the idea that their responsibility
ended when worker was laid off and sent
home. We have been able to convince the
political subdivision that someone must pro-
vide for the unemployed, the aged and nfirm
and those injured in line of duty. "A
BY the same means, we must now convius
both the industrialists and Congress that on
vision must be made to give people work in
time of unemployment and that if private in
dustry is unable to provide jobs, it becomes
the duty and responsibility of the government
to see to it that jobs are available
Our fight today is to insist that Congress
pass full employment bill and that the ma
chinery be set up and made ready for any un-
employment which may result from industrial
letdoWns This is and must continue TO be
one of our main objectives.
Seniority is not and never will be the solu-
ton to our economic problems. 1t is merely
a means of preventing injustice to the workers
in time of industrial slowdowns. The real in
justice is unemployment. We cannot cure
depressions by seniority. Write your congress
men and insist that they work and vote for
real full employment bill rather than the
legislation which has been passed as a mockery
to the workers and disgrace to a country
which calls itself civilized.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
About Taxes

/ want to congratulate you
and your organization for the
fine fight they put up against
the payroll tax and hope that
you will carry out your prom
Use to place the issue on the
ballot, preferably in the May
election.
Our Council will 60 crazy
once it gets lot of money to
play with. They may not do
so at first, but wait and watch
and see if they dor't find so
many places to put our dol
lars that they might even
want to up the ante to II
per cent or two.
l agree with CIO that we
would not be so resistant to
the tax if we had a form of
government elected from geo.
graphical divisions so we
could really hold them in line,
l also agree with you that the
tax if it does come to a vote
may actually be an expression
of no confidence in the pres
ent Council. Well let's have il
and get it over with.
Frank r. Reitler.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
Editors Mail
VET SENIORITY

To my mind, there is moth
ing inconsistent in labor back
ing the retur. of veterans to
this country and standing OPP
posed to the selective service
acts Interpretation which ex-
tends "superseniority" to re-
turned vets.
AS a matter of fact, the un-
ions did oppose the Hershey
Interpretation of the Selective
Service Act and they are not
alone in their opposition.
Thousands of returned veter-
ans stand four-square with
them.
What is to be gained by
throwin e non-veterans out
into the street and giving vet
Grams jobs. How long can the
vets hold their jobs if there is
mass unemployment? How
long can the non-veteran hold
a job when there is wide
spread unemployment.
The answer to the plight of
CT Joe is not to turn out en-
ployes with more seniority,
but for the GIs to join hands
with the unions in demanding
a full employment bill which
will guarantee the right to
work to both veteran and
non-veteran.
l can see no point in some
of the more rabid GIs raving
and ranting about busting off
their uniforms to put the un-
ions in their place when a
little cool thought and obser-
vation would show that the
labor unions have been the
best friends the GIs had dur
ing the war and since.
l served in the war and cam
not see where my throwing
some other worker out of a
job would benefit the eco
nomic condition of the coun-
try. l believe that the only
solution, the one in which vet
Grams and non-veterans can
make common cause, is a full
use of the productive and dis
tribution system with full en-
ployment at living wages for
all.
Fraternally yours,
Chris Topel
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
From The Desk
Melvin Schultz
President,
Local II, UAW-CIO

ReconVersion is gradually taking definiteC
form and giving us something to visualize as
our immediate future A fact that good MANY
companies are now signing up for increases for
their employees, arranging from Is cents up
to as much as % cents per hour, indicates a
general wage patterns for the country as a
whole. The talk on increased price for steel
which probably will be announced before this
article appears also indicates an upward trend
of prices. This compensation undoubtedly is
forecasting some initiation in our economic
status.
The talk now of retaining price control
over longer period of time is because of the
clear necessity of avoiding runaway infla-
ton. The battle which our Union has put
forth has been partially won There is still
the necessity to engage in concerted political
action so that our future can be more closely
guarded by the three-Way compensation which
includes the Government.
Although there are more people today
ioined in Labor Organizations than ever be-
fore, it should now be brought forcibly homo
to the working people of the Country who do
not belong to labor organizations that they
should and must join in with labor organiza-
tions in the future for the protection of their
ownstandard of living.
Many thousands of clerical and office
workers have failed to organize and just
as has happened in the past ten years, this
same group of people will be the last to re-
ceive the benefits which to be derived
from Labors fight thereby retarding the pro-
gress of all people in their effort to raise their
standard of living from day to day
1t is an absolute necessity for all working
people to become active in political matters
and to try to elect people to public office who
will actually serve the public interest withoutx
fear of repercussions from the big financik
trusts Our public officials should be bette
paid and there should be more stringent reguSA
lations and laws against lobbyists who use
dubious ways and means of convincing legislaF
tors in their way of voting.
The practices of big business in the pan
have at times become so harmful thatit became 1
a necessity to regulate them by law. Since
such necessity occurred big business han
taken it upon themselves to influence the lawA
makers Now that Labor's interest can be prs1
NOTED through labor organizatins, it is a neeGs-
sity for all working people to join in effort
to prevent the elected law makers from pass
ing legislation which is conceived and pro-
NOTED by the promise of personal or economic
gains for the law makers themselves.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
Strikes And Strikes

A trip through downtown mems stores
reveals a shocking lack of merchandise
with empty shelves, bare coat and suit
racks and empty showcases lending for
lorn air to once prosperous stores.
All of which leads to the thought that
there are strikes and strikes.
When il comes TO staging effective
strikes that hit the public in a most vul-
able spot the unions are pikers when
pared with the manufacturers who
apparently acted i'm cOllusiOn to keep
goods off the market until OPA has
N liquidated or rendered ineffective.
Reports from various sections of the
ntry indicate that warehouses are
pcked with goods waiting for OPA to
succumb to the pressure of the public.
Very little pressure has been put upon
the manufacturers who are conducting a
direct strike against the public in an at
tempt 10 force up the prices.
When labor strikes, black headlines
proclaim the news TO the world but when
industry sits down and refuses to bulge
very little is said about it,
Walking around downtown department
stores, you can hear people clucking their
tongues and saying, "ain't it awful" but
few of them seem TO realize that they are
the objects of the strike. The wage raises
which labor has asked and the methods
used to secure the raises fade into insig-
nificance alongside the means used to jack
up prices on the part of the manufacturers.
Without OPA to fight to maintain the
balance between wages and prices, in
dustry would long ago have led the
country into the initiation which il now
seems determined to create. For this
reason labor and the consuming public
must give OPA its complete backing.
Without price control we are all heading
for an initiation which cannot help but lead
to disastrous consequences.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15
Washington
LaborReport
BY Bradford V. Carter
A HOPE

A HOPE
Wilson Wyatt, who sue
ceeded John Blandford as Ma
tional Housing Administra-
tor is tall, blond, fortyish,
talks at a fast clip and in gen.
eral is a pleasant sort of guy
to know. Last week, Wyatt
demonstrated something more
than a pleasing personality
he came forth with a bold and
intelligent program to deal
with the housing crisis.
For the first time in history
of the Truman Administra-
ton critical problem has
been approached on some
thing more than a makeshift
basis. Briefly, the Wyatt Vet
erans Emergency H usi n g
Program mobilizes all of the
resources and powers of the
government to construct g.
100000 low and moderate cost
homes between now and 1947.
First of all it is important to
note that Wyatt recommends
the construction of permanent
homes not temporary homes
which have a way of sticking
around for years, And in
cluded is a sizeable number of
pre-fabricated homes.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-02-15

they are doing to bring labor's
news to all the workers OF
Toledo and surrounding terri
tory.
Since I have not received
my paper for the past two
weeks, it occurred to me that
my subscription might have
expired. Enclosed you will
find money order for renewal,
Frank Burke,
Sandusky, Ohio.