davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-02
BRIGHTEN TINE coRNrR

II ERE's A NEAT KNow-How to keep
II your brass and copper knick-
knacks bright and shining. Rub
them with a piece Of cut lemon and
salt or hot vinegar and salt. Then
wash in hot soapy water, rinse
with hot clear water, and dry. For q
high polish, shine with q gentle
securing polish, then wash and
rinse. And If you wish your family's
faces to be bright and shining at
lunchtime, promise them some
tempting western SPAMwiches.
TO your faporite A.
omeIette add: ANk
lie. minced SPAN .AM ~
minced onion NV N
u minced %t ia
Fry in individual portions in
small pan, using bacon drippings
or butter, until firm and brown.
Serve between slices Of toasted
sandwich buns.
Evening star., 1946-10-02
Condensation from
I'VE SHOOK THE
u
FAMILY TREE''
in Readers Digest

Fresh from the country. she'd never
heard Of '.burlesque." But it sounded
nice Aand she did need q job. October
Readers Digest brings you = 2s-pags
condensation from Hildegarde Dolson's
sparkling book. Meet her happy-go-
lucky family. Follow her hilarious ad.
ventures, from the time Freddie Gn
those horrible short pantO took her to
the High School Prom to her delight.
fully dafy life in the Big City.
Evening star., 1946-10-02
Tomatoes

SEdSUII. 11CIC 6ElC q 1CW.
Sweet Potatoes Sausage
Tom afnaa
Evening star., 1946-10-08
AS Elliott Saw 1t
By Raymo MoIey

foreign service is more adept at writing
the record than any organization in
the world. We need not feel sorry for
Churchill
The most fantastic objection to the
younger Roosevelt's performance is
that this is not the time to publish
his story When pray tell, is the time
to tell things? Is there a season for
truth? The matters which President
Roosevelt discussed with his son had
to do with your affairs and mine. They
involved the blood, treasure and hap
piness of Americans. Should the public
be spoon-fed by some authority which
determines when, where and by whom
we should be told Of the doings OF our
public servants?
F. D. R. seldom made q record OF
what he was doing and saying from
day to day. Jim Farley did. Harold
Ickes did. And the boys in the State
Department did. But with blithe con-
fidence that somebody else would make
the record and watch out for mis-
takes, Roosevelt went his crowded and
active way. This used to give heart
attacks to some of us in the days
when / served him. We would run to
eaCQ OJIleI dl1u say Wlidt hdpPSaSe'
What did he say to so and SOP" Some
how we kept the record straight IN
those days. But we had little aid from
him.
This trait went on clear. through
Yalta, with fewer and fewer people
around the President keeping track OF
the multitudinous events with which
he dealt. Whatever we can get OF
first-hand information about Roose-
velt's war years is important. For this
gay, confident and carefree man was
making stupendous policy.
I cannot Judge the truth OF the
Elliott account Much of it concerns
conversations without witnesses But
this I can say from personal knowl-
edge, it sounds like F. D. r. And fur
ther, F. D. r. told his children every
thing. He loved to have them around
He tried to hold their interest by
telling them great stories OF great
events. The man who talks in this book
is the man that many of us know.
1t ought to be possible to disagree
with the Roosevelts without screaming
at everything they did. This seems to
be forgotten by many who are writing
about Elliott's book.
(Released by the Associated Newspapers Inc)
Evening star., 1946-10-08
This Changing World
By Constantine BroiCn

big powers who will have to accept
them unanimously.
Russia has never relished the idea
that smaller nations be given full
participation either at the framing Of
the peace treaties or at the U. N. Prime
Minister Stain made this point clear
at the Yalta Conference when he talked
scornfully about the ability of these
militarily weaker states to contribute to
the peace of the world. This resulted
in the acceptance of the Soviet thesis
that the United Nations should in fact
be ruled by the big powers and to clinch
this the Soviet demand for veto power
was indorsed by the others.
The same political philosophy was
shown by the Russian government in
connection with the peace treaties The
Soviet government has always believed
that the large powers should draft
treaties and tell the rest of the world
that they must be accepted. Secretary
of State Byrnes and Foreign Secretary
Bevin regarded Russia's consent that
the small fry be given q hearing as a
signal victory. But 1t does not change
the fundamental principle that the
peace treaties ultimately will be dictated
by the Big Four.
n \
While no opposition. is expected on
the part of America, Britain and France
to the settlements agreed on in various
committees regarding war indemnities
and other matters concerning Finland,
Bulgaria, Italy, Hungary and RomarYia,
there is no doubt that serious battle
will develop on the question of Trieste.
The Soviet representatives have gone
on record as indorsing the Tito point OF
view in that matter.
Mr.. Molotov is expected to return to
Paris very soon. He went to Moscow
to confer with Prime Minister Stain
and the policy-forming Politbureau on
Russia's stand in regard to the Western
Powers. His attitude in the Council OF
the Big Four will be the best indication
as to whether Moscow has decided to
translate from words into deeds Stains
optimism that the world need not fear
another war If he subscribes to the
approved Trieste settlement we may
look with more optimism to the imme-
diate future. If, on the other hand, he
espouses the Tito thesis regarding the
organization. and administration of the
free state of Trieste, and vetoes the
provisions of the treaty Endorsed by the
majority of the victorious nations, we
may look to further disintegration of
our peace efforts.
Evening star., 1946-10-08

This seems q good moment to insert
a calm word amid the hoots and snorts
which have greeted Elliott Rooseyelts
magazine articles and book about his
father His book, "As He Saw It." tells
of many incidents and conversations
which took place at series OF interna-
tional conferences, beginning with the
one which produced the Atlantic Char
ter.
It is unnecessary to defend Elliott
Roosevelt's activities and views in say
ing that this record Is an addition to
the history of the war and that it was
legitimate to write and publish it.
Those who have condemned the ar
ticles and the book out Of hand and,
1t must be added, III an unnecessarily
intemperate manner, seem to miss an
essential fact about history. The book
is the thing, not the personality OF the
author The most valuable first-hand
account that we have Of the first two
years of Washington's administration
il aThe Journal of William Maclay."
The author was Senator from Penn
sylyania. He was rabidly partisan,
gossipy and unfair. His journal Is ful
of irrelevance and bad taste. But It Is
Invaluable IllSIOTy. IL WdS iioe WAAeeSA
long after the events. 1t was set down
by a man who saw with his eyes and
heard with his ears. Such accounts are
most valuable corrections against the
growth Of legends.
Nor is history made by single wit
ness. The record Of the past is a
mosaic made by many people. Ulti-
mately, historical scholars check and
recheck, sift the grain from the chaf1,
eliminate the false and preserve the
true. But they could not work without
first-hand material And Elliott Roose-
velt's book is frst-hand material. Its
ultimate test will be the truth, and
none of Elliott.s critics have made the
case against the truth Of his record.
That must wait for the appraisal OF
time. Meanwhile, the burden OF proof
Is on the critics.
II, for example, he has not told the
truth about Churchill, there is ample
means of forming reply. Churchill Is
q professional writer. He has never
been loath about writing his own record
Of things And in all international con-
ferences he was backed by diplomats
and scribes who, by habit, write down
everything that happens. The British
Evening star., 1946-10-08
Middle East Challenge
By George Fielding Eliot

let it mean. that we abandon the key
stone of the Old World to Russian con-
quest. I am not saying that Russia
now intends to march in and seize the
Middle Eastern region; but am saying
that continued weakness, disorder ana
uncertainty in that area would of1er
temptations which might, in some fu-
ture hour, prove irresistible to Russian
leaders of nationalist turn OF mind.
What, then, is the answer?
1t is the same as in Germany. Con-
struction, not tinkering. Positive action
in terms of human values, not piecemeal
opportunism. A broad approach to the
problem as whole, not attempts to do
a little here and little there in order
to shut off for a little while this or that
cutlery of suffering humanity or out
ragged nationalism.
The one possible solution is to re-
create the Ottoman Empire in new
form. and under entirely new prln-
ciples based on human values-that Is,
to support the rise of an association OF
Middle Eastern peoples, including Tur-
KEY and Iran, the states of the Arab
League and Jewish commHnlty In
Palestine, each having complete polltl-
cal independence but working in har-
mony with each other for the common
welfare and the common security.
This means, of course, the use OF
American influence and American funds
to help these peoples-all OF them-to
get start. It means irrigation projects
and new industries. It means offering
the Arabs economic stability in ex-
change for reasonable attitude about
Jewish immigration to Palestine. 1t
means helping the all but hopeless Jews
of Europe to go to Palestine and start
a new life there if they so desire, and
it means that in order to take such
stand consistently, we must relax our
immigration laws and let some OF them
come in here if they prefer.
It means an American assumption OF
responsibility with British cooperation,
for the welfare of the peoples OF the
Middle East as well as for the military
security Of region which is vital to
the preservation Of the world balance
Of power. It means opposing the Rus
slams in their present Middle Eastern
policy, true, but opposing them with
something positive and human and
understandable
tCopsrisht le4el
Evening star., 1946-10-08
British Tories Evolve

The opening meeting OF the Con-
servative Party, which we Americans
would call a convention" though
Britishers term it conference"
revealed internal Emergencies in
aims and outlook, especially in the
fields of imperial and foreign policy.
The hitherto dominant leadership,
which we would describe as the "Old
Guard" took the floor at the start
and voiced the traditional Tory
standpoint, with special emphasis on
empire unity and its economic i'm
plementation by tariff known as
Imperial preference" This atti-
tude, which had caused the Tory
right wing to shy at the terms of
the American loan, evoked sharp
criticism of the United States, typi-
fed by Leopold Amery, who asserted:
''The United States is demanding
veto on economic CO cooperation. They
mean that the British Empire shall
be broken up economically and be
eventually an economic and political
tributary of America" Mr.. Amery
likewise emphasized the middle
ground foreign policy recently sug-
gested by Anthony Eden when he
warned of "the danger OF head-on
collision between two irreconcilable
extremist theories-the totalitarian-
ism of Russia and the out-of-date
laissez-faire economic anarchy OF
the United States"
This exposition of Tory tradition
alism did not, however, go unchal-
lenged, when the young Guard"
(again translating into American
political parlance) had it's innings.
The challenge was not so much on
imperial grounds, wherein the left
wingers showed relative indifference,
as on the general attitude and tactics
of traditional leadership. The Old
Guard was accused of class bias and
inability to display the popular"
touch. This standpoint was strik-
ingly expressed by a "dirt farmer"
delegate who asserted that the Con-
servative Party will get nowhere
until we regain that confidence Of
the working people of this country,
and to do that we must place more
working people in the hierarchy OF
our party"
Sharp though these differences
doubtless are, they seem to betoken
vitality rather than disruption. The
debates were infused throughout by
a basic faith in British conservatism
as a political entity and willingness
to work together and work out a
synthesis of party aims. In this
evolution the prestige and personal
ity OF Winston Churchill undoubtedly
plays q leading role. His speech on
the second day Of the conference,
Evening star., 1946-10-08
Indian Summer

Philologists differ concerning the
origin OF the term Indian summer" :"
The Americana catalogs five differ
ent theories of explanation for it..
Some writer's, it seems, believe that
the Indians predicted such spells of
pleasant autumn weather. Others
have held that Indian fires cause
the peculiar smokiness which fire.
quently fills the atmosphere during
the season referred to. It also has
been suggested that the phrase has
the con1lotation of Indian attacks
upon white settlements, commoner
at that part Of the year than at
earlier times. This sinister hint
likewise appeared in the popular
notion that second summer"
period usually "partook of'the Indian
character of deceptiveness." A final
hypothesis was that the words came
from the East Indies, where mild
interval prevailed between the heat
of July and August and the cooler
days of November.
Horace Walpole allegedly employed
Indian summer" in relation to
weather in the tropics in 1778. The
Oxford Dictionary cites Denny's
Military Journal dated 1894, wherein
mention of the season at Presqu
Isle-and to frosty nights" in rela-
ton thereto-was made. Further,
it is remembered that Volney's
United States contains the beautiful
definition: 'Une serie de beaux jours,
appeles Pete savage" Poetical, too,
were the thoughts of the Reverend
James Freeman, first Unitarian min
lister of Kings Chapel, Boston, in
1912:
Two or three weeks of fair weather,
in which the air is perfectly trans
parent, and the clouds, which float
in a sky of the purest, azure, are
adorned with brilliant colors.
This charming season is called the
Indian summer, a name which Is
derived from the natives, who believe
that 1t is caused by a wind which
comes Immediately from the court
of their great and benevolent god
Cautanowwit or the southwestern
god.
Five years later, Bradbury, in his
American Travels, stressed the
hazy skies of the season, and in 1924
Doddridge in his Notes on the In
dian Wars reported "the smokey
time" Longfellow and Oliver Wen
dell Holmes the Elder both paid
tribute to the 'long, lingering au-
tumn," and James Russell Lowell
wrote Gan Indian Summer Reverie"
in 1S48. The bards in general, obvi-
ously, agreed with Mary Clemmer
that there was something mystic
soul of sort-in The sreal Summer
briefly reborn" In that regard, they
surely represented mankind at large
in gratitude. 60 - = ~ ss-s,g r
Evening star., 1946-10-08

The objective of American policy today
is the establishment of world peace and
security. But we have not yet attained
that objective, and we can attain 1t only
by positive means, by positive policies.
This has nothing to do with get tough
with Russia" It is necessary to oppose
the Russians some times, but in the end
a policy of more opposition to Russian
gambits can only lead us to more ana
greater crises.
It is the conviction of this writer that
our only chance lies in a positive Amer
lcan policy based on human values and
directed toward the constant extension
of the area in which human beings have
responsibility for their own futures and
have economy, stability and economic
hope sufficient to encourage them to
shoulder that responsibility in their own
interests. In previous article I tried
to suggest how such policy would work
out In Germany. It is equally applicable
to our major area of conflict with the
Russians In the Middle East.
So far. we have been on the defensive
and the piecemeal defensive at that-in
the Middle East The Russians make
pass at Iran. We oppose them. Inc
Russians make pass at Greece. We
oppose them. Now the Russians are
making q pass at Turkey. We oppose
them.
Matters drag along, vital matters al
fecting human lives and human futures.
And why? Very largely, almost alto
gether because there is no long-range,
clearly understood American policy sup
ported by an undivided American public
opinion.
It is true that our major interests in
the Middle East is strategic. This re-
gion- including Turkey, Iraq, Syria,
Palestine, Egypt. Iran and their immedi-
ate neighbors- lis the historic land bridge
between the three major continents OF
the Old World: Europe, Asia and Africa.
World War I destroyed the Ottoman
Empire. The British and French sought
to replace 1t with semi mi-imperialism OF
their own. Now, after World War II,
imperialism of the old order is dying.
The French are out Of Syria and
Lebanon; the British are Withdrawing
from Egypt; the American people are
committed to the principle that peoples
shall rule themselves, and In this they
are supported by the British people, too
as British policy In India bears witness
But this cannot mean. We dare mol
Evening star., 1946-10-08

The 81 nations represented at the Paris
Peace Conference are speeding up the
drafting of the treaties. But this does
not mean that the headaches Of our
representatives in the French capital
will be over unless Foreign Minister
Molotov returns from Moscow with in
structions to show greater cooperation
than he has in the past.
The fact that Is generally being over
looked Is that the Big -Four must con-
firm the actual treaties after the as
sembly has approved the commissions
drafts. And although there is no hard
and fast rule whether this approval
must be given by unanimous vote or
by mere majority, 1t is conceded in
diplomatic quarters that Russia will in
sist on the unanimity rule. This means
that in vital question such as Trieste
the Soviet delegate may still have the
last word by voting against the agree
ment at the Big Four meeting.
1t will be recalled that the deadlock
on Trieste was broken by the French,
who suggested line slightly different
from their first proposal. The Western
nations and all their sympathizers
voted for the French proposal. The Slav
bloc, led by the U. s. S. r., voted against
1t. The tally showed IA ayes and 5
nays, and the vote was strictly on
party lines"
AT the general meeting the Trieste
matter unquestionably will be approved
by similar majority.
But 1t must not be forgotten that
when the Soviet government finally
yielded to the requests Of America,
Britain and France last summer that
all the victorious nations be given
chance to participate in the drafting
of the peace treaties, Russia specifically
provided that they would have only a
consultative voice. That is to say, IN
the final analysis the Big Four will
determine what kind of treaties should
be imposed on the defeated nations.
The views of the smaller countries were
to be listened to, but their wishes are
to be considered as purely academic.
The representatives of the Big Three
Western nations accepted this restric-
ton because 1t was the only way to
persuade the u. s. S. r. government to
allow the other nations to participate
In the conference.
But now when the home stretch has
been reached and the treaties obtained
after eight weeks of hard-fought verbal
battles are ready, their final acceptance
depends on the representatives OF the
Evening star., 1946-10-08
Red Economic IsoIutionism

Informal but reliable statements
by officials of the World Fund and
Bank indicate that these key eco
nomic institutions set up under the
aegis of the United Nations have
virtually given up hope of participa-
ton by Soviet Russia. That was the
general consensus during the first
annual meeting of the Bank and
Fund governors, held in Washing
ton and recently terminated.
Moscow's economic isolationism
has developed so rapidly since the
.cloSe of the war that the Bank and
Fund officials have ceased their eff
forts to induce Soviet participation
and are making their plans to start
functioning without Soviet member
ship. The deadline for Soviet ad
hesion is December 81. and. while
the door is still held open for Mos
COW, no extension of the time limit
is contemplated in view of the 81
lence or snubs with which previous
overtures have been treated by the
Kremlin
In order to qualify for member
ship Soviet Russia would have to
put up $2,4OO,0OO, ,OOO-half for the
Fund and half for the Bank. Also,
Moscow would have to make detailed
reports on matters like its gold re-
serve and other resources. Only
then could it avail itself of the aid
of Fund loans for currency stabiliza-
ton and requirement of foreign ex-
change to facilitate its foreign trade,
together with Bank loans for in
ternal reconstruction. But Moscow
has shown marked disinclination to
abandon its policy of secrecy re-
garding its gold reserves and gen.
eral economic situation. Further
more, participation in the World
Bank and Fund would require
genuinely cooperative attitude in
measures to facilitate world trade
on a multilateral basis, whereas
Moscow has been and is doing its
utmost to build up a closed economic
bloc, closely knit by bilateral agree
ments between Moscow and other
countries; a policy which runs di-
rectly counter to the conception of
a freely trading world that is pre-
eminently the American aim.
There can be no reasonable doubt
that Moscow is paying and will con-
tinue to pay heavy price for its
economic isolationism, especially in
cutting itself off from large recon-
struction loans and credits which its
war-shattered economic life sorely
needs. However. the masters Of the
Evening star., 1946-10-08
Of GOING Home

II uou tpiH stand at any intersection,
Witch is the meeting point for busy
, streets,
And listen to the t,pilight falling doton,
You'll hear the evening song OF any
city
Measured, like tide returning to the
shore.
1t Is the music made By opening doors
OF doors flung tDide to let city free
1t Is the song OF people going home.
When lights prick out and all the houses
t0Git,
1t pulses in the drum, OF marching feet
Mouing i'm all directions tolDGrd the
houses;
In cynsbnl crash OF evening elevators.
We're going honet the auto tires hum
Going homei clang all the n1outng
Streetcars.
Pause for moment Uhen the dag -
through
And listen 1UhHe the dark comes lightly
do,Dn
And you sDil hear the epening song Of
cities
Measured, like tide returning to the
HELEN ROWLAND PRoMMEL.