davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

nounced the ineptitude of both. Therefore, l suggest that the people of Alaska should, and do, ardently desire statehood unless economic or other con alterations still prevent the accomplishment of that ambl- tion. We all know that we can do a better job in taking care of our own affairs than can be done by some secretary of a department, or chief of an agency, or head of a bureau, whose office is in Washington, DC, and who necessarily IS lacking intimate, first-hand knowledge of a country so far away from Washington as Alaska.
 In fact, unless we have a firm belief in the principle of local self-government, a be- lief that we are eager to trans mute into action, there is no reason why we Should not Jolll with the many people of the world who have yielded to the seductive ease and the person al lack of responsibility for government involved in a d1c- tatorship.
 So the question really ls' whether Alaska is ready for statehood. To form an intelll- gent answer to this question we need first to examine statehood, to find out what it is and what it's advantages and responslblll- ties are, and to determine where in it differs from the territori- al form of government in effect in Alaska.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
CTS of Congress.

CTS of Congress.
 As to the rights of individual citizens, however, except for tnet right to take hand in control1 ling national affairs, people 1T Alaska are not inferior to those of the states. The humblest neW1 born child in Fairbanks eoulo no more have the plentitude or his privileges of American cl'l1 zenship taken from him than could the governor of New| York.
 In terms of political rights the| differences between Alaska ana the State of California are theSe'| Over Alaska, Congress has pow CTS of local regulation, unre1 stricted by many of the uSus1 curbs, while it has no sucl1 power over California; Congress could give to the people of AlaS1 ka any type of governmen1 which congressman, in their WlS1 dom, thought appropriate, whlie| the people of California thenl] selves d min their OWL mode of government, subJec1 only to the constitutional pro] vision that it be republican II form; the people of Alaska cai4 have no share in the control o1 the federal government, even .a s1 respects their own area, wnil7 the people of California exc, else such control through votns representation in c o n g r e ? through choice of the electoiss who select the President an through their powers of amengl ing the Constitution; for ameilu. '. ments to the Alaska Organic hS' ~, Alaskans must depend on the leu eral government, while the peU pie of California, without rele, a, ence elsewhere, may chans their laws and their state coi,SSa isa tuition in the manner prescrlpsoI oI in that document; any law ''
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

protection of the Constitution. The treaty with Russia providing for annexation of Alaska de- clared that:
 IT. inhabitants of the ceded
 territory shall be admit
 ted to the enjoyment of all
 the right, advantages, and i'm rmunities of citizens of the
 United States; and shall be maintained and protected in
 the full enjoyment of their
 liberty, property, and religion.
 Of course, the people of Alaska are to this day conspic- uously denied one of the rights and advantages which citizens of the United States hold most dear. This is the right, through the ballot to control in some measure the functioning of the national government. It is obvi- ous, but not often appreciated by those who do not reside in the territories, that American citizens participate in determin- ing the policies of the national federation only through the me dium of the states. The Presi- dent is selected by an electoral college composed of members from each state. The Senate is made up of two members from each state. The House of Rep resentatives is apportioned ac- cording to the population of the states.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
COURTS UNCERTAIN
 WHAT CLAUSE MEANS

Since the whole theory of territorial government was based on the assumption that the peri cd of territorial tutclage would be short, and would be followed by statehood, not too much time or effort was ever expended by Congress in perfecting it. As applied to the continental area, the i'll consequences of any inn perfections in the territorial system could only be temporary. What is this system, and how we'll adapted is it to provide government on a more or less permanent basis to such an area as Alaska?
 The fundamental law of the land has very little to say on the subject of the relationship of American territories to the Union. The only indication of the intention of the makers of the Constitution is in Article W Section 3, which reads: 'The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respect ing the territory or other prop erty belonging to the United States" The rest of the instru- ment seems to postulate, both in spirit and in wording, a group of states and nothing else.
 Since the time of the annexa- tion of Louisiana in the early 1800's the interpretation of this clause has vexed the nation. The Supreme Court has answered that the power to govern all the areas not admitted to statehood resides in Congress. The extent of this congressional authority was a subject of contention be- fore the courts all during the last century and IS not yet en- tirely settled.
 Territories such as Alaska and Hawaii are sometimes classified as 'incorporated' territories as distinguished from such ''unin- corporated" possessions as the Virgin Islands, American Samoa and Guam. The term refers to the fact that territories like and Hawaii have been incorporated into the Union, that iA brought entirely under the
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
PEOPLE DENIED
 MANY BASIC RIGHTS

An amendment to the Consti- tuition must be approved by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress chosen by the states-and approved by the legislatures of or conventions in three-fourths of the states. From beginning to end, the reinS which guide the progress of the national government lead only from the states and citizens of the states. The territories and pos sessions are out of it.
 Apparently it was inconceiv- able to the founding fathers that Americans anywhere or of any era should exist for long un- der a form of government in which the benefits of suffrage and representation are denied them.
 It is true that Alaska sends a Delegate to Congress. But this representative has no vote. His influence, if any, is personal. It is also true that both of the major political parties grant rep resentation to the territories in their nominating conventions. But this results in only indirect,
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

people. Over them in the terri tories Congress has also that power which in our federal plan we have allotted to the states, The chief additional power in dealing with the local affairs of the territories is what is known as "the police power of the states" This is the power to make laws concerning the pri- vate affairs of individuals, con corning property, contracts, pub lie safety, public health, public morals, and the general welfare of the community. As Judge Morrow of the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit once declared, in a decision re- specting Alaska,
 The United States having
 rightfully acquired the terri
 tories and being the only gov
 ernment W h i c h can impose
 laws upon them has the entire
 dominion and sovereignty, na-
 tional and municipal, federal
 and state It may legislate
 in accordance with the spe-
 cial needs of each locality and
 vary its regulations to meet
 conditions and circumstances
 of the people. Whether the sub
 ject elsewhere would be a
 matter of local police regula-
 ton, or within state control
 under some other power, is
 immaterial to consider.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
RIGHTS OF STATE VERSUS ALASKA'S

And so, while congressional acts regulating the speed of au- tomobiles, the making of con tracts, or the closing of shops on Sunday within the state of Greg on would be unconstitutional as invading the functions of the state government, yet the same laws for Alaska would be en- tirely within the rightful pow
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
HOW A TERRITORY DIFFERS FROM A STATE

THE TERRITORIAL plan of government was devlsed TOT
 regions under the sovereignty of the United States to which Congress felt itself compelled to allow measure o selfgovernment but to which it was unwilling at once to ornt l membership in the Union The status of territory M always been regarded as sort of governmental adoles cence from which with increasing population the area
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
ALASKA STATEHOOD ISSUES
 AND FACTS IN BRIEF
tContinued from Page l.

tcontnued Page D
 2O Territorial impotence costing Alaska vast sums annu ally in congressional appropriations rghtfuy hers and which will be obtained with statehood
 91 Statehood would obtain for Alaska the benefits of the Federal Highway Aid act amounting to $l2OO0OOO to $ 100000 annually road grants for state outlay of $2OOO
 2 The gift of natural wealth to Alaska proposed in the BarettMcCarran statehood bill is generous beyond the g made to any existing state.
 2 Statehood would bring release of many of the reserv tons and withdrawals of land and resources made through the wears by the federal government
 4 Portions of the large national forest reserves should mass with statehood to Alaska and result in development oil a type not now possible
 25 With statehood complete control over the fisheries will pass to Alaska
 26 The Native Indian Eskimo and Aeu residents of Alas a are permanent concern of the federal government which will continue to provide for their welfare on exactly h same basis after statehood as at present. 27 There are numerous antstatehood arguments These deserve study 98 There have been numerous evidences that the people of Alaska do favor statehood The October referendum will give them an opportunity formally declare this atude 29 vote in favorof statehood in the October referendum does not mean Alaska would forthwith become state would merely be an indication to Congress that the peop of the territory desire that the long process toward aeho be commenced Hawaii voted overwhelmingly m 1aVor o1 statehood six years ago. and yet Congress has not to that mandate. ao vote for statehood the October referendum doed not commit Alaska unalterably to statehood or begln which the people of Alaska cannot stop later thev desire to do so Full control over whether the becomes state remains firmly in the hands ot the peop7 of Alaska until after state constitution ra1eo Oy Pop lar vote
 a, oe aoainst statehood in the October referendur1 will kill all hopes for statehood for many years to come Alaskas interests in other ways as well
 32 The forces which opposing statehood today nave fought every extension of segovernment 10 AlaSka 1 through the years They are the people who LOOK upon ; loe to extract from and who believe in putting nothing back.
 s. Statehood Alaska probably inevitable With every year of delay the many faults which statehood is desgn to cure will become progressively worse Therefore this @ the time to take the first step.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

would eventually grow into adult statehood. When terri tory has acquired about '60,000 people. it has usually been re- garded as of age. Every sta Q west of the Alleghenies, except Texas and California, passed through this stage of develop ment.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
U. $. ALSO EXERTS
 AUTHORITY LOCALLY

The acts of Congress take pre- ceGence over and repeal acts of the Territorial Legislature in conflict herewith. At any time Congress may increase or de crease it's grant of powers to the Territorial Legislature. Al though some mentally resource ful constitutional wyers have sought to maintain the op- posite, it is no doubt true that Congress could entirely with draw this grant of power. Any law passed by the Territorial Legislature is subject to veto by the Governor of the Territory, a federal official, and laws may be passed over his veto only by a two-thirds vote in each house of the legislature. Any law of the legislature may be rendered void by a specific action of Con gress. Otherwise, it is for the courts to decide upon the legali- ty of territorial legislation if and when it is challenged.
 The power of the national gov ernment over the territories diff fers from the power of the na- tional government over the states not only as to the establishment of local government but also as to the regulation of the social and personal relations of the
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
FINAL AUTHORITY RESTS WITH STATES

RESTS WITH , Al6S
 It is fundamental in the con stitutional theory of the Amerl- can federation that the states are sovereign in certain fields; that they have certain inherent powers, certain authority which is neither granted nor delegated to them. The federal govern ment, on the other hand, has only the powers specially dele gated to it, such as the powers to declare war, to levy taxes, to regulate commerce between the states, and to coin money. All governmental powers not grant ed to the national government are, according to the Tenth Amendment, reserved to the states or to the people"
 The theory of federal power does not apply to the territories. They are not sovereign. They have no inherent powers. Any authority which they have. is delegated to them by Congress.
 One of the prime tests of SOW ereignty of an area is it's ability to change it's form of govern ment. States can do this at will, except only as limited by the federal constitutional provision that they shall have 9 republican form of government. But the ter ritories have governments hand ed to them by Congress. All gov ernmental powers over the ter ritories are in Congress. The Congress alIots what authority it wishes to whatever agencies it desires to set tip i'll territory such as Alaska.
 Nor are there any Limitations upon the legislative powers oi Congress, as respects territories, save those imposed upon it by the Contitution, which in this re spect are slight indeed. All those powers reserved to the states" by the Constitution re pose, in the case of Alaska, in the federal government. From time to time, and especially in the Organic Act of 1912, Con gress has granted certain local and territorial legislative pow CTS to the people of Alaska. This grant of powers is not absolute. Congress may legislate - and does continue to do so = in pure ly local and territorial matters.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Baker Test to Bring
 Doom to Fleet Armor

chinery. magazines, living and working quarters.
 Meanwhile, propellers and screws are outside the armored box with minimum protection at the stern of even the biggest, strongest craft, offering another weak spot to the bomb.
 This is an attempt to explain con- cisely why that formidable arnlor you've heard about won't be too much protection for battlewagons against A-Bomb Baker, which will attempt to do to the entire under water hull what the torpedo does to one small portion. And torpedoes have sunk bigger and more modern uper-dreadnaughts than those in the target fleet. ...:'.
 If the atom bomb succeeds in do- ing this to battleship, it should not have too much trouble against even thinner hulled and less com partmented cruisers, destroyers, cargo ships, transports and landing types. And submarines have suc- cumbed too often to depth charges to hope that the one which will be in the inner target array has any great chance of surviving.
 This is not prediction by your correspondent of what the bomb will do, but merely an explanation of why experts believe that the Ar Kansas, Nagato and Saratoga, at least, are in for a hard time July 25, Bikini time.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Ban on Women On Senate Floor Lifted in Test

Washington, July 23 = (UP) - The Senate today set aside tradi- tion which for more than a century has barred women employees from the Senate floor.
 Members agreed without objection to an unprecedented ruling that female clerks" to senators and senate committees be allowed on the floor when their duties require it.
 The issue was raised by Sen Owen Brewster, O., MeD, who asked a ruling from Senate Pres ident Kenneth McKellar, O., Tenn), because he wanted to stay on the floor and yet talk with his secretary.
 McKellar, 77-year old bachelor ruled for the female clerks" then immediately asked that senators raise any objections they might have "or forever hold their peace
 Brewster's secretary, Mrs. Fran ces Dustin, then entered the cham Der and conferred briefly with her boss.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Byrnes Asks For ReveoIinq Of Treaties

Washington, July 23-tUP)-The State Department disclosed today that Secretary of State James F. Byrnes has asked the British, Rus sian and French foreign ministers to agree to make public at once the Big 4 daft treaties for Italy and Germany's satellites.
 Pending such agreement. a De- partment spokesman refused to comment on reports from Paris that the treaties stripped Italy and the Axis satellites of virtually their en- tire war making potential.
 The official said Byrnes yester- day cabled foreign ministers Ernest Bevin of Britain, V. M. Molotov of Russia and Georges Bidault of France urging prompt publication in Paris of the treaty drafts.
 The drafts were prepared by the Big 4 foreign ministers at their recently concluded Paris conference.
 The ministers deputies agreed last Friday to hand the question of publishing the drafts to the 21-na- ton peace conference which begins July 29 in Paris. The decision was made over the protests of the Am erican deputy, Assistant Secretary of State James c. Dunn.
 Byrnes' action today in urging publication of the drafts was a re- suit of the leakage of the drafts contents in Paris, the spokesman added.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
AII-Purpose Arm Operates With Motor

New York, July 23-(UP)-Sam- uel Alderson, research physicist, disclosed today he had developed an artificial arm operated by a small but powerful motor which gives the Wearer use of the wrist, forearm, elbow and fingers.
 Alderson. formerly of the Univer- sity of California's radiation labor atory, developed the device at the International Business Machines re- search laboratory at Endicott, N. Y. He began work on it last October
 The arm is powered by several matchbox-si storage batteries con- cealed in strap that holds the de- vice in place. The tiny motor, pro- duced for the Army during the war, and surpassing others for smallness of size, low weight and efficiency, moves cables hidden within the arm. Elbow bend, wrist motion, finger grip and other functions are controlled by gears which are thrown into position by shoulder movements.
 Aldersons first model weighs less than four pounds and he hopes to reduce that weight by improve ments He also planned to make close copy of the human hand, using cosmetic skin glove which gives the appearance of a normal hand and fingers except upon close scru- tinp.
 The device permits person who has lost one or both arms to carry on by himself the daily routine of dressing, eating and handling ob- ject of reasonable size and shape, Alderson said. The fingers are strong enough to allow a man to lift a weight up to 40 pounds and their operation delicate enough to permit work with objects weighing up to five pounds.
 Thus, the physicist said, a man could handle some tools and do light bench work. It was such a goal, relating to reha bilitation of war veterans, that led to the de- velopment of the arm with the en- couragement and financial assist ance of Thomas J. Watson, IBM President.
 Alderson said that a wearer could achieve complete control of the de- vice within several weeks and that the operation of it thereafter would be as natural and automatic as the average drivers operation of an au- tonlobile.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Yale Receives
 Tracking Rodor Gear From Navy

New Haven, July 23-CUP)-Yale University today received an auto natic angle tracking radar from the Navy which developed it too late for use in the war.
 Yale became one of few educa- tional instutions to possess such equipment.
 Parts of the unit will be used for undergraduate instruction in Yales electrical engineering department. Some conponents will be used in research the electrical engineering department is conducting for the Navy.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Playground
 Activities
INTER-PLAYGROUND

The Chase track team will have their first challenge of the year when they meet the Fairlawn team Thursday morning at l0:30 at Ham, ilton Park. Both teams have been practicing daily for the match.
 For the second time the Chase swimming team will meet the Ham, llton mernlen this afternoon at 3 at the Hamilton pool. The Chase swimmers lost their previous meet, but are confident of victory today. Cummings, head of the Chase team, will be supported by Moher, Dervis and Newell, while the Hamilton swimmers under Gladney include Garrity, Marcetti, Cierello and Christianson.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
G.I.'s Say Army Caste System Still Exists Despite Order

Editors Note: This is the first of a series of dispatches on the Army as it is today, based on an extended tour of major installations in the U. s. for which Gen. Eisenhower's orders were Show them everything if there is any, thing wrong we don't know about, we want to find it out from these reporters" What MEAS staff correspondent on this tour found is enough to make Uncle Sam cry "Oh, My Aching Army!"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23
Tluo Local Hospitals Receiue $515,382. co

During 1945, Connecticut Blue Cross paid s515,382 to Waterbury and St. Mary's Hospitals for the care and service of 8594 members, it was revealed today by Robert Par nall, General Manager.
 Commenting both Waterbury hospitals for their cooperation with Connecticut Blue Cross, Parnall said that there were more than l0O,578 Blue Cross members in the area served by these hospitals, and that the majority of these members were enrolled through APO participating firms in and around Waterbury
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23

Parnau had strong praise for these firms which are cooperating with their employees by making Blue Cross benefits available.
 Enrolment, which has been vol untarily suspended by Blue Cross during the Plans current readjust- ment, will be renewed shortly, Par Tall stated, and the many firms in the Waterbury area whose employees are anxious to enroll will be con- tacted as soon as possible. At the present time, he said, there are 56O, 900 Blue cross members in Connec- ticut enrolled through 450O firms.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-23

1 demic. cultural routine which has turned out so many securities sales | men.
 Among the Useful Topics showed down my throat in school was "po- | litical economy" That seems to have gone into the discard and is now generally referred to as econ omics' But the study of "poli- tical economy" was hot stuff where I got my higher education, in Chi cago . Out there, in those days political economy" meant Don't buy any more votes on election day than you need!"
 It Keeps Right On-Bonita Gran vile seen with producer Jack Wrather Russell Arms with Martha Vickers on his arm :. Al Seigel the "discoverer," in a corner at Fl Borracho every even- ing with Virginia Gilmason, who discovered one of the Vanderbilt tribe Hal Horton, the singer, with Tina Elk, the model |. Jo Stafford and Pete Bawford in rhythm. like their names Ely Marshall, of the Copacobana, and Huntington Hartford, who knows his groceries, nice package RKO's Ira Marais drinking in the charms of blonde Lee Edwards.
 There will be a Waldorf Astoria built in Beverly Hills Yep, by the original New York management. =. Thaet localit
 That locality could use dozen more first-class hotels The mob boys, who own Las Vegas, Nev., and who are frantically buying up hostelries across the map, also plan one out there And the Holly wood studios may get together and pool the jack for still another, so they'll have facilities for housing their visiting exhibitors, execs, stars and officials. as well as providing cocktail rooms and banquet halls which are non est in the film environs.
 And what can one of those un- derWater pens WTite-except rub Der check?