davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11
Gttner uberle Bite

.StefhenOfIle, glellLln0lQn0

49,
S%tefbenuille, g,eltfun0lanO II Il-
lie 80 8erioneny ole iid an Board eli
mes groBen ulnerifaniiden 6lugjeu-
ges befanoen, iait0en ibren ToO, ais
es in 6lammen ouf einen bepaloeten
SiIgel o6itiir5te, ole groBte Srogooie
III Der @ei6ifte Der 3ipillnftfobrt.
Cine Rettltngsmannlhoft, Die iif
ibren @eg ourh 8alo llno @eitriipp
bobnen mllBte, if}ifte Ole MteIOulg
,,9tieHnairo gerettet." gl9n Nadlmittog
flo0 EN- Sllblfroltber ser &iiitetnpo,
die pom bier rad ser 5ebn Meilen emf
wfernten llngliifsitdtte a6. &ubihrou-
Der murOen au6 eifgeieBt, ols nf
Is. Septelnber Elm 6elgiides Sabe-
ina 6llg5eug iiber NeufunoIon0 ab-
~ltiir5te uno 81 Yerionen ibr 2eber
D%erloren.
Inter sen Gpfern oeS llngliids
befonOen iid3 oltd 5rulleil itnO aiil-
Der BON SoLoateft, ole lpaf @lircpo
flie8en iolIten.
Sn Nep gorf erbielt Die .Riilteit-
mof)e Die fur5e Mteloutg, 0aB ole
&ettun9smonnidoit alle SnioBer
Oes 1lug5euges tot auigefulloen bot
@leid5eitig muroe mitgeteilt, ooB
9lt6ihrauber nod Stepbenpille abb
geflogen limo, INN Mit9lieoer Der &ii-
ltenDudle ltno Sffi5iere na1 Der I'M
fallItdtte 81 b%rirlgen.
Neun Der 12 6rouen, ipeIde Iid)
on Board 0es perungLiidten SfDna-
tiers befnn0clt aporen 6rnten DON
Solooter, sic in europa itebell. 8
6rauen nuroen bon ieds &inoern be-
gleitet, Ole inn gllter ootl 20 Dlono.
ten bis 81 II Snbre1 ltnnoen.
Ser lSfDmalter ein piernotoriaes
6lug5eltg, mar uolt Netp gorf
Berlin ~unterpegs 1ttl0 lofrOete
.llf Dem @arnton fSiel0 BEL Stepber-
ollle, I'm neiten SreIbtoff eilt5utleb-
men. Inter norniolen llmltdn0en au1.
es oltf Dem 5lugplab bon @oiroer
JelanOet, aber er mar lpegen Gegelt
mo Rebel 1ridt SIT benllsen.
ytad) elmer Gai1 Don IL Stuit0en
tieg Oos 6lllg3ellg an Nadmittaq
im 3.f5 lbr mie0er auf uilo l%tiir5te
10 Wfinlten Ipdter alb.
Beanie ser ghnerican A.inuaps BE-
'ifteten nod @anoer, 0oB Slug3eu-
Ie, Ole iiber Ser ltigliidsitelIe frei-
ten gemeloet boben, 0aB es nod A
5tunoen nod Dem gl6itllr5 bronnte,
mo nidt ~an3unebmen lit, ooB ie-
tlar0 am 2e6elt ge6lieben lit.
Saques Gbnuno3 Don Der Dir
Sronce teilte in Nem Oorf nnit. er
ii6er Die llnglidsitGtte gefloaen
mo babe fem 2ebens5eiden feltitel-
ell f0ttten.
sd fonnte sic @tut mu6rne6-
ler,~ Ia8te er. ,,gSir lmfreiiten 0ie
trimmer. Gas 6ll95eitg lpar 3ienl-
i'd bod gegen einen 6iigel geitoBen,
mo Die Sriinuner raud)ten nod. 9te
0ldlt mar lfleht umO ih fonnte Oie
1etle oeS J~lltg5eugs nidt ieben. ST
III feline Derfoblte Strede. Ser SIT
ut 5ienli6 beipaIoet. SD tonl1te
Der nidt ENCOURAGEMENT 0aB 0as
lug5eug 0urd ole 81lnne gerolt lit.
E 1T hpa6rideinlid9 Oireft gegen 0en
geflo9er.
Nad 8eridten ser aiiitempode lit
as 6llug5eug etapa 100 SUB unter
e. Spite oes Siioels gesen 6eIien !
yaab 9eridten Ser aiiltenpade lit i
Is 6llrg5elg eflua 100 SUB unter d
T Spite oes Siigels gesen 6elien G
Nad elmer MeIouug DOM Slug
bel ct. Sobn iin0 sic @aiolin- J
mfg bel oen Anprall erplooiert,
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11
GrsprGI. 1l1cscicei
IN Ssttuci3 ecltcrbcn

@enf, S6r6ei3 - Sgna3 Moscidi.
Der frii6ere Brdiioent Der polniIdeit
&epn6lif, itarb rs id6rig OH ieincm
@ut i'll S%erioir. Moscidi NOR in
RilBlano geboren uno 10 So6re Yo-
lens BraiiOent, bis er iid bei Nus
6rnf oes 5%rueiten 8eltfrieges ais
5liihtling in ole SdhDeia 6eou6.
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11

@leitseitig milroe miteeteilt, OaB
aud Colonel SUporo MarpelI, Der
9ommlun0etr BON @ornon 6ielO,
ii6er oie Griinumer binnueg geflogeit
lit 1t10 fem 2ebens5eiben mabrge-
lollnen bot.
9tn 8oro befnn0en iid 81 Salin-
giere ulro cine Ntonnidoft non odt
Eerionen.
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11

Stoot, Die 8irlitn Sdulenburg &
9ehler, fonnten bereits inl @tui ..
s. Die @roouftion wleoer a%lrfnebmen.
@Ghrer0 iOie mpaotlide SOfltpro-
olpftion I'M porigen Sobr 10000 NJ
@are betrltg, itieg Die 3d6l I'M sunni
5. 5. ouf mebr oils 10000 IN.
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11

S0be bon 60 Gogelt ST geiuG6ren,
luenn lie lid sur 6eimfe6r entiflie.
zen fonnen. Gieies Geriprehen iei
,oliBeroroentlih erfoIqreih urto Bat
cine iiberrafeno poiitipe Aufno6mt
gefunOen, iagte GGop.
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11
gsrslei6

oBnrum nennit on &leiits @a
gen einen 9afen?"
u@an3 einfad er 9oppelt."
Washington Journal., 1946-10-11
Weberei IN Ser

@ern. - Cine Der gr0Bten Sci
oer- ans acknowledgements Ser
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
Beginners Dress

lust two main pattern pieces
- for this charming daytime
frock that closes just below the
waist. Makes easy sewing for the
beginner. Dropped shoulders ac-
cent trim, neat waist, soft gath
ers and bow tie give dainty
feminine air. Certain to win you
many compliments.
Pattern No. 1882 comes in sizes 10, IA,
16, 10, 20; 40 and A. Size IA requires 4
yards OF IS or 39-inch.
New--Exciting--Dl summer
issue Of FASHION. Send twenty-five cents
for your copy Of this b2-page book Of ideas
and patterns for all home sewers sug-
gesti0ns by nationally known fashion edi-
tors special patterns by top-fiight
American designers contest designs
shoulder pad pattern printed In book.
Send your order to:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
Soil Termed Greet Laboratory
For Production Of New Druqs

Soil not only is the source of life
supporting food but also is a great
laboratory in which are produced
many new-found drugs for curing
diseases of man and beast against
which even good nutrition cannot
prevail, according to Alden Stair
and DR.. Boyd Woodruff in an arti-
Gle in Capper's Farmer.
''These are the so-called miracle
drugs, first of which was tyrothric-
in" says the article. "Then came
penicillin, used extensively during
the war, followed by actoinomyein,
streptothricin, clavicin and guma-
gicin. Others have been discovered
and more are in prospect"
Among the things scientists have
seen and identified, Stair and Wood
ruff point out, are: One-celled
plants. molds, green plants, ami
mails, protocol, worms and nema-
todes. And these soil inhabitants
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

do more than provide fertility to the
soil. In their struggle for existence,
many of them throw off waste prod.
ucts and create chemical sub
stances which are deadly to disease
germs. Thus very special strain
or species of fungi yielded PENCIL.
lin, which shared the credit with
blood plasma and the sulfa drugs
in greatly reducing the wound NOR.
tally rate in World War II as
compared with the First World war.
1.-THE SOIL" conclude the writer's,
sis so complex mixture that there
must be many other healing agents
found in it. Many of mans 1000
diseases still are unconquered.
Most prevalent of all, of course, is
the common cold, which causes
more economic loss and discomfort
to people than any other disease
and, weakening the system, paves
the way for more serious ailments"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

10000 brides and children came
from these two areas and they rep
resented more than 80 different ma
tionalities.
Great Britain had the largest per-
centage of war brides, rs per cent,
followed by France and Italy with
Is per cent each, Belgium and Ire
land with 3 per cent each, with
about 4 per cent from the other
countries of Europe and North AT
RIGA.
Many From Australia.
From the Pacific area came 10, 900
war brides, IS per cent of whom
were from Australia. Another 10 per
cent are from New Zealand and 5
per cent from other countries, par
ticularly the Philippines.
Age of war brides varies con-
siderably, with marked concen-
trations in the late teens and
early twenties.
Just as personnel of the armed
forces was recruited from every
state in the Union, so will these
wives and children of ex-G.I.s set
tie in every part of the country.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

Longer duration Of World War II
and the far greater numbers serv-
ing overseas account for the in
crease in marriages, statisticians
point out.
Third Have Children.
Duration of the war also is re-
sponsible for an increased number
of children in war marriages. The
$4,000 foreign brides coming to the
U. S. to join their husbands were
accompanied by 1880 children, in
dicating that nearly a third had
children. In a majority of cases
there was only one child, although
there are instances of as many as
three children.
War marriages were most COM
mon in European and Mediterran-
can theaters. Nearly 10000 of the
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
Blood Test Used
To Fir Mateynity
In AnimaI World

CHICAGO.-An equine parallel to
Hollywood's recent series of pater-
nifty disputes was reported by the
American Veterinary Medical asso-
citation.
The investigation described by the
veterinary authorities was made by
two French veterinary scientists
and was believed to be the first
practical application of blood group
ing to determine parentage in
horses.
The problem was to determine
which of two mares, Fanny" or
"Clairette," was the mother of a
colt named Robert" Serum tests
showed that Fanny's blood belonged
to group "AB," Clairette's to group
GAP and Roberts to group 90"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
QbMQhM 90 - - -
|Unh1 b. IS

Late fall is regarded as the best
time to do house painting, for by
then the long summer sun has re-
moved all moisture from the wood.
II you wish to mix cheese with
other ingredients to be cooked, cut
the cheese in small pieces or
CRATE it.
Let a child's going to bed be a
pie asant experience. Then he
won't be as apt to rebel at the
idea. Never send him to bed as
a form of punishment. Builds up
wrong attitude.
Heavy roof paint applied to In
side of metal cutters will prevent
rusting for a long time.
When you line dresser drawers
or cupboard shelves, cut at least
three layers of papers. Place them
all at once. Then when the top is
soiled, slip one paper off.
A noted fashion authority adj
vises buying a hat last when
planning a new ensemble. 1t is
then simpler to make a better Sc
lection in regard to color, material
and style.
Sandpaper is useful in cleaning
suede shoes. After a thorough
brushing, go over them lightly
with fine sandpaper, then follow
with a cloth which has been moist
ened with vinegar.
Tip on painting: Don't overload
brush, dip it one-third its length,
and keep the can about half full.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

America 10 JOIN their former ". l.
husbands.
The common impression that the
average CT. of World War II was
more inclined to take foreign wife
than was his counterpart of World
War I is contradicted in statistics
compiled by Metropolitan Life In
surance company.
Records indicate that there were
about $500 marriages with foreign
girls during World War II, COM
pared with an estimated 1000 to
5000 during the war of a quarter
century ago. Records for war mar
riages at that time are very in
complete.
Despite the increased num-
Der, however, the foreign mar
riage rate of the two generations
of servicemen is practically
equal.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
Vicuna. Possessor of Fine
Fleece, Is Rarely Tanned

Although the vicuna of Peru
possesses the finest fleece known,
this animal has never yet been
domesticated on a commercial
scale, says Golfers. It is too
wary and fast-moving to be cap
tured and spends most of its time
at 16, 000-foot attitudes in the Andes
where the air is too cold and rare
fed for man.
Of the few thousand that have
been caught and tanned in infancy,
one man owns a flock Of 300 from
which he shears a total Of only 100
pounds of wool a year, or barely
enough for ten mems overcoats
that have sold for as much as
81 1000 apiece
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

Wearing of dangerous hatpins in
any public place automatically
makes the wearer disorderly per-
son, liable to a fine of S. to $40
for each offense. In case someone
should be stabbed, the injured per-
son can recover half the fine.
Practice of witchcraft or sorcery
in an attempt to discover lost or
stolen goods is classed as a mis-
demeanor under the law. A similar
charge can be placed against any
one pretending to be God and caus-
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

Ancient blue laws continue to
gather dust on New Jersey statute
books.
A person who drives a horse while
intoxicated-the driver, that is, not
the horse-is subject to a fine of
from $3.50 to $40 and 80 days i'm
prisonment, according to one Of the
outmoded laws.
Another law authorizes magis-
trates to order a ball and chain to
be placed on the leg of any tramps
tried as disorderiy persons. on'
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
% worship him.

ing followers to worship him..
Selling floral wreath at a home
where funeral is about to take
place is barred, the offense being
listed as disorderly conduct and
making the offender liable to fine.
Dumping of junk on private prop
erty also puts person in the out
law class.
The legislature meets yearly to
correct existing laws and enact new
ones, but calmly ignores the out
'moded regulations.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
&$4a,ze
STAGE CREEN ERADl0
Released by Western Newspaper On
BY VIRGINIA VALE

By VIRGINIA VALE
LINDA DARNELL won out
~ over Gene Tierney for the
title role in Forever Amber"
and a lot of us are still protest
ing that goth Century-Fox has
made another bad mistake in
connection with that opus.
Three hundred thousand dollars
goes down the drains because of the
first one-giving amber" to Peggy
Cummins. Cornell Wilde remains as
Bruce Carleton; Otto Preminger
will direct, replacing John Stahl,
who walked out before shooting
came to a halt last spring. Come
September the whole thing starts
again-and this time it's got to be
goodl
Also in September William Gag
ney's "The Stray Lamb" goes into
production, with Audie Murphy, the
most decorated GIL, making his de-
but, unless Cagney lends him out
to somebody else first. Murphy
has been considering various. film
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
1929
34-48
Cool Nightie

ESPECIALLY nice for the
IL slightly larger figure is this
neat and delightfully."- cool night
dress. Narrow lace makes a
pretty design to match the fiatter-
ing sweetheart neckline. The back
is slit to the waist and there's a
narrow belt to tie. Use a colorful
all-over print with crisp white
trimming.
Pattern No. 1929 Is designed for sizes
"a, SO, SO, 40, AZ, A, 46 and 48: Size 49,
33s yards Of IS or 39-inch; ia yards
narrow lace.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16
like father, LIKE SON.
Statistics Show Equal Foreign
Marriage Rate for Both Wars

Influx of brides to all parts of the United States leads
the impression that s serving during World
War II addicted to marrying foreign girls than
their doughboy fathers of World War From the British ses
France and Germany from araway Australia and the
Philippines have bride ships transporting wives to
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16


James Cagney has been after him
since last July. Following "The
Stray Lamb" Murphy's booked for
IA Lion Is in the Streets"
Wendy Day, 14-year-old daughter
of Clarence Day Jr., who wrote
Life With Father" has been given
role in the picture based on the
book and play. Irene Dunno and
William Powell star; if the movies
half as good as the play it should
get an Academy Award.
A perfect piece of casting-C lau-
dette Colbert and Fred MacMurray
in 1.-THE Egg and l." That hilari-
Gus account of an adventure in rails
ing chickens should be the years
best comedy, especially appreciat-
ed by all whO've ever raised chick
ems.
When Harry Won Zell went into
movies he swore he'd never play a
radio announcer standing in
front of mike and talking and gig
Cling into it is not acting, as l see
it." But Won Zell, who's featured
in RKO's "Till the End of Time"
did play radio announcer in "How
Do You Do?" However, he alibis
himself; explains that he did more
than just talk into mike-he really
acted.
That same ''Till the End of Time"
gave Guy Madison his big chance.
His only other screen role had been
in Since You Went Away" in
which he was the sailor who laughed
at Jennifer Jones' bowling. Fans
went crazy about him, and there
he is, playing opposite Dorothy Nc
CURE.
Mary Meade, who sat on an eight
foot champagne glass in Republics
Earl Carroll Sketchbook, has
been promoted. In ''The Magnifi-
cent Rogue" she lies around in the
sand, in wispy bathing suit. But
it's an advance in her career-she
gets to speak a few lines!
The airs daytime serials are nom
audience brOadcasts, but If you're
privileged to walk in ON one, it's NO
shock latter the first few timesD to
find Broadway star in the cast.
MargafO GilmOre's the latest re-
cruit. On the stage, she has an
important role in the smash hit,
"The State of the Union" And ON
the air she's recently assumed the
role of Connie Wakefield'' in s'The
Right to Happiness"
AS a special concession to Wen
dell Corey, who had the weeks star
ring role in Goodbye, Again" at
the Yardley, Pa, summer theater.
the company omitted a recent We'd
nesday night performance. That
made it possible for Corey to get to
New York for his ''McGarry and
His Mouse" NBC air show. The
concession wasn't hard to arrange
the owner of the theater is-Wen-
dell Corey!
ODDS AND DS-Undiscouraged BY
s0hat happened iUifh Forever Earnesf.S
Jackie CoOgan says he'll return to the air
sUifh his OiUn shot0; he'll also return to
the screen in Terry and the Pirates"
produced by Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
]Ss You're Having Nervous Break
d0sUn," short, is n0ic being made by
Warner Bros. :. Remember Dick Tones.
the third Henry" OF "The Aldrich Fam
ily'? He's still in the army. The typ
zeal day Of Hollywood star sUiu Be
shomn in the Columbia screen snapslto,
'Ifs Tough to Be a Star" Dennis
Morgan tells i on his young daughter,
Kirsfin-says she asked him sUhas part .of
fbs eOsu makes the botflei
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1946-08-16

y world
a in 4 a ohz
families their than
c. in
Kodiak mirror., 1946-02-23
Buys In cordova

Mike Putselas, who formerly operated the Kodiak Recreation Parlor here before selling It to Sgt. and Mrs. Nick Koutavas, recently purchased the Model Cafe in Cordova from Preston J. Williams. The cafe was eSta blish ed over 25 years ago and has been operated on the same site ever since.
 Pfc. Mike Mullen, Army Air Corps, of Afognak, IS visiting in Afognak and Kodiak now on a 9O-day furlough.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-02-23
NOTICE Of AnnUoI Meeting KODIAK ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION
NOTICE

The annual meeting of the members of the Kodiak Electric Association will be held on Mon day, March 4, l946, at 500 O clock p. m at the American I4e- zion hall, Kodiak, Alaska. The purpose of this meeting Is for the e.ectlon O a new board of nine directors to serve for one year .,rd until others are chosen and aual fled in their stead; and for he transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting
 It has also been proposed that au amendment be made to the Bylaws to provide fer the ap- pointment t the position of Sec retary bona-fde employee of the cooperative and not neces sarily a member of the Board of Directors, such appointment to be made at the discretion of the Board.
 Dated the tenth day of Janu- ary l946 at Kodiak. Alaska
 A. M. Haskell
 Secretary
Kodiak mirror., 1946-02-23
Baker DO Your Baking

hEiSty Bgad available Saturday evRnnqs and Sundays at Knudsen's Kndak FuuRtain
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14
Page six
b At 6H ' R' IS BORN
 TO FRED MOlgSoN

E
 An 8 pound 10 ounce baby girl was born to Mr and Mrs :. Fred Monsorl at Se1do -l via hospital at 9 min utes after mi dn fight Thur sda y nlorni ing
 The lfttle girl still is without e r1ane She Is we 1- cnned in the Monson home by four bro thers and sisters
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14

The Esent : Ter slaan (GIFTs SHOWN c ont
 the women of the fas mi1y under rneath it's bran he s
 Tn the sant1iIne the shopper [ here will find on the she I've $ a wide assort Fl mont of baby bonne ts sac cues, little lea- ther shoes blankets bunt ings and t iny totsf snow suits.
 Also at | pike 8 are to be found lit- tie knitted he lmets in two styles fash toned Of gay1y 2 ol orr ed Wools.
 A gift dear to the heart Of any boy would be one of the baseball jacketa made of all wool cloth with leat cher s lseves Sizes in this 5acke ts range up to 16 and there ' s a good ss14c tion of colors st i'll.
 For junior s 1T Is there are gay ittls woolen Jumper dresses and warm wool toql1e.s 8 and g1 owes There Ks also a q lnrf'u1 as sor tnlent Of cot ton house drss as well as warm woo | obes and coats.
 Lingerie in de cate pa stel shades and q ( comp1ete 2 inc of Van Ormar1 per { alnae $ and cologne s are g l 1t pos sib1 l ities for No-
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14

I|REfnE ] alEI
 Ionlgt { a
 Member s of the Sc 1dovia Fir emaf1f s Assoc iati on vii meet in the c ounc Il cf1amA bers of the c ity hal F at r Q lock s ata1r day ing 1t was ar1- no,lnc cd by F Ire Chief Jack Engl ish. 2 All nleHib bers are reQue s ted to be pre- sent since this is the first meet Ing e tailed in several months
 Chr i tmas shoppers during the coming we ek
 far uer ats Morris inc 1ude heavy y woo1en shirtsy a nlited supply Of hunt ing kni i've s and skis and ski eqa1i pmerl {
 On dis pl lay or 2 woman ! s Chr { s tmas pre- sent are bl anke ts q l imi itRd supp q of perf funles col ogx1es and . osme | ics q good cho ice of p1 ast ic raincoats T, pAste1 col ors and a lew dre a afternoo on frocks.
 Who said there was noth ing to buy in Se e1doVia 5,
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14
TO Os p I AI 1

HOS p TAI
 Er ic Nordensor1 baby son Of Mr and Mr s. Carl Nordenson, was taken to Se1dovial hospi tai z this Wee with a severe case of inf lueaza Er ic was very sick for several days but is now greatly ' improved
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14

N
 5IFl lED ADS | , FOR SALE
 SEINE near l y new web 100 fathoius in length See Fr ank Bel !
 ACCOUNTS DUE Char les Sharp may be paid to Earl Herr
 q FIR ONT EEl MAN subsc- ript ion makes a per- feet gi 1t for some body at Chris tlnas.
The frontiersman., 1946-12-14

At Morris and Nor l.is there were toys :: stuffed aatma 1s dolls shoe spaclsI and s boots, sWe at er s, pug |. z1es and c hinas al sh sets For the chi I'd Tefa.
 This tore stil1 has Do xes of toys to 1r,pAcJ but which will be avai lab1e to