davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
NEWS AND
VIEWS
BY ALEXANDER S. LIPSETT
Can ILNS Feature)

Where are the political aspirations
of organized labor leading to? A
pointed answer was given by Frances
Perkins, former Secretary of Labor,
who told a New York audience that
political action interferes with the
economic purposes Of labor unions and
is bound to weaken American trade
unionism.
The former Cabinet member, known
for the courage of her convictions,
spoke out bluntly against what she
called "a tendency today on the part
of younger and doctrinaire leaders to
think they can rely on pressuring the
government or their employers by
political techniques and political
FORMS" Commenting on the strife
between the AFL and the CIO, she
expressed the fear that Continued
rivalry between the two may become
unhealthy and too tense for each of
them"
Miss Perkins apprehensions are
shared by many cognizant of the trend
of public opinion and the conditions
prevailing in labor ranks. That she
has chosen to express herself SO firm
ly and Enthusiastically on the thorny
question of labor political action
highlights the road the United States
has travelled ever since organized la
Dor back in the middle thirties set
out to attach itself to the tail end of
the New Deal.
That view, unnecessary to say, is
sharply challenged by the CIO. The
recent CIO executive board meeting
in Washington voiced the need for
intensified political action and called
upon the national membership to fur
nish wherewithals in the neighbor
hood of 6 million dollars to the cof-
fers of the CIO-PAC. "CIO political
strength, combined with economic
strength and strike action" says the
CIO resolution, helped to win "great
victories" How the 113-day battle
royal with General Motors and other
costly strikes can be termed union
victories is hard to understand.
But the issue for transcends politi-
cal considerations. 1t reaches deep
into the relationship between govern
ment, management and labor, rela-
tionship on which the Ives Commit
tee on Industrial and Labor Conditions
has some pertinent words to say.
In warning directed to both man
agement and labor, the committee
councelled both sides not to rush to
government for a cure of their ills.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
Arkansas Jury Frees Scob Murderer.
Railroads Three On PickefIine

Little Rock, Ark.-(FP).-The same
jury that freed a scab who murdered
picket sentenced three strikers
guilty Of no greater crime than walk
ing on picketline-to one year in
the state penitentiary.
The guilty verdict was handed down
by a hand-picked circuit jury here
against Roy Cole, Louis Jones and
Jesse Bean, who were indicted under
Act 1913, the socalled Arkansas anti
violence law. The defendants are mem
bers Of Local 90, Food Tobacco G.
Agricultural Workers, on strike at
the Southern Cotton Oil Co. The other
three strikers who were indicted un-
der Act 1913 will be tried at the next
court term.
Eta will appeal the circuit court
verdict, union officials announced. Even
the Arkansas Gazette, local anti-labor
paper, observed that the prosecution
was having hard time making a
case until Judge Lawrence G. Auten
instructed the jury that the pickets
could be found guilty if they had aid
ed or just stood idly by while violence
occurred in connection with the strike,
Testimony showed that the defen-
dant pickets were two blocks away
when Eta member Walter Campbell
was knitted to death by Otha Will
liams, scab. The jury completely
exonerated Williams.
| In Arkansas the presiding Judge APP
points the person who selects the
jury in criminal case. In this case
the judge appointed Mark Valentine
who, after selecting the jury, signed
an ad in Arkansas and Tennessee
newspapers pledging "active and un-
relenting aid in the legal prosecution
of these men,"
Names of six of the jury members
appeared in published open letter to
Pres. Truman demanding repeal of the
Wagner act. The other six were Little
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
Boruch Hits NAM
Position On OPA

Westinghouse (FP).-Two financial
experts from the most conservative
side of the American business scene
took issue Mar. 25 with the assertions
of the Natl. Assn. Of Manufacturers
that OPA must be killed outright to
save private industry.
The first was Elder Stateman Ber-
nard M. Baruch, who told the House
banking committee that the "NAM
really doesn't know what it is asking
for" Baruch declared that unless
OPA is extended pretty quick, we're
all going to fall down on our faces.
Next came Chairman Mariner s.
Eccles of the Federal Reserve Board
who blasted the reasoning and arith-
metic" whereby the NAM came to its
astonishing conclusion" that OPA
must go. He reported that savings ac-
counts of individuals were off 10et
from 1915 "and may decline still fur
ther in the course of the year. This
tendency should not be accelerated by
raising expectations that those who
do/not buy now will have to pay high
er prices later on Such a development
would be invited by weakening Of OPA
controls"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04

Rock businessmen. There were no
workers or Negroes on the jury al
though all six defendants are Ne
groes.
Motions to squash the indictments
were overruled by the Judge without
reading them. The motions protested
absence of Negroes from the jury, ex-
cessive penalties in the Indictment and
charged that Act 1913 constitutes class
legislation against workers and does
not cover others for similar offenses.
Appeal bond was fixed at $1,000
each. The usual bond in such cases is
81 600. Expressing confidence that
the case would be won on appeal,
Lindsey Walden, general counsel for
the Oil Workers Intl Union who is
assisting Eta, said: Labor has been
victim of fixed juries before and
we have been able to set the verdict
aside. | have never before tried a
case where a judge and jury were SO
prejudiced and committed so many
reversible errors"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04

1945. Under the closed shop only union
members may be hired by an employ
er. The union shop permits hiring of
non-union men who must join the or
ganization within a short period,
usually 80 to 60 days.
The closed and union shop with pre-
ferential hiring prevails in baking,
brewery, canning, preserved foods,
hosiery, mems and womens clothing,
printing and publishing and shipbuild-
ing industries.
The union shop without preferential
hiring is characteristic of coal min
ing, bus and street railway, paper and
allied products industries.
Maintenance of union membership
agreements are widely used in the air
craft, aluminium, auto, cigarettes
chemical, cotton textile, electrical ma
chinery, meat packing, nonferrous
metal, petroleum, basic steel and stee
products industries.
Simple preferential hiring of unior
members prevails in the pottery, mari
time and longshore fields.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
Victory For Union
In Legal BoffIe

New York City-QLNS).-The In
ternational Ladies' Garment Workers
Union has won a smashing victory
in the long and bitter legal battle
with the Donnelly Garment Co., of
Kansas City.
The union received word at it's
headquarters here that the Eighth
Circuit Court of Appeals at st. Louis
had decided against the Donnelly Co.,
in its fight to restrain the union. from
attempting to organize its employees.
The company, which is headed by
the widow of former Senator James
A. Reed of Missouri, began the in
junction proceedings in 1887. The
Circuit Court in a unanimous opinion
held that the evidence presented by
the company did not warrant the
issuance of an injunction under the
Norris aGuardia act.
In announcing the union victory,
Emil Schlesinger, counsel for the
ILGWU group, hailed it as a mile
stone in the legal progress of organ
lied workers in this country.
The legal fight, which has attracted
national interest, has been one of the
most bitterly contested in American
labor history.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
u. S. Medidtors
(Confinued From Pdgt OneJ

Westinghouse also proposes unila-
terally to establish new incentive pre-
cedures and techniques," the report
said, pointing out that this would be
a substantial reduction "for the 55%
of the company's hourly employees
engaged on an incentive basis"
The company had claimed its pro-
posed 1850 offer would actually mean
Isle more for those it covered. The
UE estimates it at only 97c. Davis
and Meyer said the discrepancy comes
from failure of the company to allow
for the 1c it would take away for diff
ferentials and the important changes
in incentive pay.
After rejecting the company offer
the union proposed an 18.5c increase
across the board, return Of all strlk-
ers without discrimination and nego-
tiation of all other problems for ~
DAYS. If there were unresolved issues
at that time, they would be submitted
to arbitration.
This counter proposal OF the union
was promptly rejected and the com
pany insisted upon union acceptance
of it's money terms without change
The company notice was given the
mediators, they reported, together
with its refusal to extend the con-
tract for a reasonable period" and
"created conditions that made media
ton impossible. Accordingly the me-
diators withdrew"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
fLL551aaaszR!

"I'm tired Of supporting the whole
world" Mr.. Dilworth grumbled.
"Then why don't you support your
own family for changer" Little
Luther asked.
"You can't make me mad at you to-
day, son." said the old man. "Tm too
mad at those European countries
that are kicking up a fuss at the
UNRRA meeting at Atlantic City
They're stepping all over the L. s.
"Judging from the size of youi
paunch, I'd say you could stand q
little steping on" Luther .muttered
"You could stand a little less food
too"
"Now, son." protested Mr.. Dilworth
II don't mind our sending food ovei
there but they ought to show little
gratitude"
"How, Pop, by trading democracy
for bread?"
"You never will learn the subtlitiei
Of diplomatic language said Mr. Dill
worth fretfully. "It's just that if they
take bread from US, they ought to bt
willing to take advice too"
advice from Herbie Hoover? i
they do that they'll find themselves
without any bread at all just like the
workers here did back in the '30s."
you're ungrateful toow Mr.. Dill
worth stormed. "You ought to be gla6
that Hoover came right out and saio
we didn't have to bother with ration
ing in the U. s."
You'll excuse me if Pm not quite
as joyful as the initiation boys" muir
INJURED Little Luther. "Mom said Her.
bert Lehman was right when he rip
ped into the government for dropping
rationing so fast that we all got
stuck with higher prices and black
markets and the people outside the
u. S. got stuck with no food"
"Now stop exaggerating, Luther
You know that we are sending stuff
across"
isn't it strange, though, that most
of it winds up in places like Spain
and Portugal and enemy nations"
"Don't be vindictive, Luther" Mr.
Dilworth said piously. "If famine
threatens, we must help-regardless
of what the nation is"
"And if in the process we help
build up the fascists, why that's SC
much gravy on our bread, eh, Pop?"
HI
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04

And it added:
"By abdicating to government in
matters where the decision of govern
ment was not required labor and
management have been surrendering
to the one force which can destroy
both of them =. :. Government is grasp
ing too much additional control in
areas where management and labor
should always act voluntarily and in
dependently of government. AS soon
as possible free collective bargaining,
genuine mediation and truly volun-
tary arbitration should again become
the media for meeting the problems in
all worker-employer relations"
- i:
Labor will do we'll to heed these
warnings. Neither political action
nor reliance upon government can
cure our ills. A combination of both
is likely to prove deadly to the best
interest of labor, and of the nation
strife, foster subversive intrigues,
as well. 1t will intensity current
and finally destroy that delicate bal
ance on which the progress of the
American people depends.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
WAR GAINS OF LABOR
SHOWN TN u. S. SURVEY

Washington--(F (FP).- Organized la
boris gains during the war are reflect
ed sharply in study by the Dept. of
Labor showing that in 1915, of all
manufacturing workers, 87e6 enioyed
protection ranging from maintenance
of union membership to the closed
shop.
The breakdown, compiled by Feder-
ated Press from the official release
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, fol-
lows:
Manufacturing Industries.
Pet. of all
Type Contract Employed
Closed Shop or Union shop
with preferential hiring) $50
Union Shop
(Without preferential hiring) 1870
Maintenance Of Membership 46d
S796
In preparing its figures, BIS esti-
mated that IA million workers were
covered by union contracts during
1945 out of 20 million engaged in oc-
equations in which unions seek writ
ten contracts for their members.
Of all the production workers in
manufacturing in 1945, BIS found
about 70ao were under union agree
ments.
In 1871 slightly less than 1870 OF
the workers eligible for union agree
ment coverage were under contract
protection, but this figure includes
n-manufacturing workers as well as
production employees.
For 1915, the total under union con-
tract in both manufacturing and non
manufacturing industries was 500 ac'
cording to BIS.
A large port Of the contract pro
tected workers in 1915 were covered
by the Natl. War Labor Board in ex
change for labor's no-strike pledge
For 1915 the BIS said, 29ao of al
covered workers had maintenance OF
membership clauses in their contracts
In 1912 it was only 1870, in 1943, 20%
and 279o in 1914.
Closed shop and union shop agree
ments took in 459o Of all covered work
ers in 1912, and rose to 500 in 1943
before falling off, to reach 45%o il
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
The Record Speaks

Washington-tFP). = Rep. JESSIE
Sumner OR, Ill., in the Congressional
Record Mar. 20, 1916: 'The way to
prevent the United States from be-
coming a completely communistic state
is to vote against the communistic
New Deal measures offered in Con-
gress day after day."
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04
Snyder-BOwles Dispute
Cost Rise Figures

Washington-(FP).- Reconversion
Director John Snyder and Stabilizer
Chester Bowles took issue Feb. ~
with the statement by Chairman Map
riner S. Eccles Of the Federal Reserve
System that living costs will rise ami
other 1919 under the new wage-price'
policy.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-04-04

If Union Label "stock" does not go
up-your wages will come down!
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
Realtors Hope To
Organize All
Property Owners

Washington-( (FP).-An ambitious
program of attempting to organize "a
million u. S. property owners into one
organization ain the interest Of pro-
tecting property rights" was announc-
ed Feb. 16 by the Natl. Real Estate
Foundation.
Heading the campaign will be Henry
T.. Price, attorney and former mem
Der of the Washington lobby of the
Natl. Assn. of Real Estate Boards.
His assistant is Garth Edwards, for
merly of the Federal Housing admin
istration and OPA after leaving Gen
era Motors in Detroit.
Public relations will be handled by
Clifford A. Provost, former publicity
chief Of the Ford Motor Co. in Wash
ington and former Detroit coumnist.
Pres. Arthur w. Bnns of the foun-
dation said the drive would emphasize
the enlisting of small home owners,
farmers and small businessmen, while
another spokesman said it would con
cern itself with sending out informa-
tion and not lobbying. He said the
group would not oppose the federal
housing program recently announced
to build million homes through pri-
vate enterprise
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
J Z y = + + \ = = = i = = =
OBITUARY

GEORGE f. LOCKHART

George +. Lockhart, 66, retired
potter and former East Liverpool
resident, died Of cerebral hemorrhage
Feb. Is, at his home near Beverly, o,
Mr.. Lockhart, native of Elizabeth,
w. Va, was employed by the Homer
Laughlin China Co., for more than
20 years before his retirement a year
ago. He was member of Local Union
1870.
He is survived by his wife, Mrs.
Lucy Butcher Lockhart; a son Cor
don Lockhart, and daughter, Mrs.
Dorothy Lockhart, all at home; two
other daughters, Mrs. Madora McGaf-
fic and Mrs. Esther Frontz of East
Liverpool; two sisters, Mrs. Elizabeth
Piatt of East Liverpool, and Mrs. Cora
Schneider of Greendale, o.. four broth
ers, Frank Lockhart and Samuel Lock-
hart of East Liverpool, and Albert
Lockhart and Purle Lockhart of
Clarksburg, w. Va; three half
brothers, Ed Lockhart of near Ches-
ter, and Theodore Lockhart and Gill
bert Lockhart of Parkersburg, w. Va,
and two half-sisters, Lottie of Park
ersburg, and Mrs. Elsie Wilson of
Louisville, O.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
Truman To Insist On
Pauley Nomination

Washington (FP). - Standing
erect, smiling and trim in smart
double-breasted spring suit, Pres.
Harry S. Truman told his news con-
ference Feb. he has no intention of
withdrawing his nomination of Gilman
Edwin w. Pauley of California to be
undersecretary of. the navy.
Pauley has been under heavy fire
for having sought to block the fed
eral suit to gain title to oil-bearing
tidal lands worth billions of dollars,
and is alleged to have offered the
Democratic party 100000 from oil
corporations if the suit were dropped.
He is former treasurer of the party.
In response to question, Truman
said Sec. of Interior Harold Ickes had
not consulted him before appearing
before the Senate naval affairs com
mittee to make the sensational charges
against Pauley. He observed that Ickes
could be mistaken.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
.UE Wins 78Hzc
Raise From
General Motors

Detrail-(FP) First break in a
nationwide strike of United Electrical
Radio & Machine Workers (CIO)
against the Big Three of the electrical
industry came here as the union and
General Motors electrical division
agreed on an 1SRc hourly increase,
of which 1870 will be retroactive to
Nov. 7.
The wage settlement, affecting 25,-
OCO of some 100000 UE members on
strike against GIN, General Electric
and Westinghouse, was negotiated in
unpublicized meetings here between
UE Director of Organization James
Matles and GIN Vice Pres. Harry w.
Anderson. The GIN employees began
voting Feb. IL on ratification of the
wage offer. The unions original de-
mand was for 25c hourly increase
While Matles, who had left for Day
ton, O., could not be reached for COM
ment, it was pointed out that 1870
was the rate recommended by Pres.
Truman for settlement of the steel
strike, that the same rate had been ac-
cepted by UAW in it's pact with Chry-
sler Corp. and that JAW had settled
with Ford for 1Sc.
Settlement of the GIN dispute came
after UE reached an agreement with
the Radio Corp. of America, without
a strike, for a 17ihc hourly increase.
While UE Pres. Albert j. Fitzgerald
said the GIN offer should smooth the
way for similar agreements with GE
and Westinghouse, a later statement
by GE Pres. Charles E. Wilson Of
fered slight hope for an end to the
4-week strike.
Wilson said he would make no new
wage offer until he received reply
from the White House to his demand
for higher prices.
Neither GE nor Westinghouse
have at any time made wage offer
to our union which would indicate
they were bargaining in good faith,''
Fitzgerald pointed out. CUE calls up
on these corporations to abandon their
and uncooperative positions
and in the interest Of their employees
and the general public to reach an
agreement with our union."
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
Local rs To
(Confinued From Page One.


the ranks of organized labor.
We are sorry to hear ex-presdent
Charles Smith is back ON the sick
list along with Tom Elson and Matt
Carney. We wish them a speedy re-
covery.
Bro. Matt Thornton has left the
shop and is now engaged at his old
profession of taking care of the gee
gees. We wonder who the boys will
go to now for their daily advice and
tips.
Many changes are being made at
the plant, one tunnel kiln was removed
to enlarge the ware room, new spray
ing booths are to be installed, and
tank conveyor No. is in the course
of construction.
Part of the old Ideal plant is being
torn down To make room for the con
struction of more modern up-to-date
buildings. Now that the steel strike
is settled and wage-price policies de-
clared, we hope those postwar good
times are really near at hand.
Governor Edges Public Utilities
anti-strike bill is getting a lot Of pub
licity. This is vicious bill and should
not be passed until the unfair, radical
and one-sided features are eliminated.
Secretary Ansell was instructed to let
our senators and assemblymen know
how we feel about it in no uncertain
terms.--O. c. 45.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21

Preserve your union. Buy Defense
Bonds for victory.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1946-02-21
Two Peoria Shooting
Victims Get Threats

Peoria, Ill.-(FP).-Two of the
three pickets who were wounded
here recently by strikebreakers of
the Toledo Peoria g. Western Rail-
road have received anonymous tele-
phone calls which threatened to
"finish the job right this time"
The two men, who were recent
ly released from the hospital, have
been put in hiding by union off
cials, who told Federated Press ex-
clusively of the calls.
Irwin Paschon, one of two men
murdered by company thugs on
Feb. s, received a similar call day
before he was killed. From the way
he was singled out during the at
tack, union leaders believe the
guards had orders to carry out the
threat. Police have not confiscated
guns still held by scabs.