davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
THE ANTI-LABOR BILL

The passage of the Truman antilabor bill (H R. 657S) by the States House of Representatives by such an overwhelming majority headed by the coalition of Northern Republican reaconares and Southern Demo cratic potaxer should wake all Negro citizens to the imperatve need of registering to vote Deprvlng labor of it's hardwon right strike for better wages and work conditions this bill places in jeopardy the organized labor movement strongest and most consistent ally of Negro Americans their unremitng struggle for the status of full citizenship Amy Negro who views this eglslson lightly stands indicted of shameful ignorance and crnl al the fate of his is the duty of all to become eligible vote and to help legsla tion which nufes the democratic liberties of the Amer ican people. . a3s.
 President Truman's vengeful a1acrity in making his antlabor proposals is vivid, contrast to his silence Tn supporting Attorney Tom Clarks announced de termination check the subversive Ku Klux klan The seeted have begun their Fascist offensive in At lanta Georgia effort block the whole organizing planned in the South by both the American Fedora ton of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organza 'tions Computations inherent in the Truman antabor bill have not only a1ienated labor from the Adminstra t also have specifically given aid and comfort to t&N other terrorist enemies of labor and the tion workers forced to work for any working conditions decreed by ownership management will submit to the kind of tyrannca oppres sion.
 Every voter in Massachusetts should sit down and
 write postcard to Senators Leveret Satonsta and David Walsh at the Senate Office Building Wash ington G. asking them to oppose H. R. 6578, the Tru- nan anti-labor bi
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
ACTION FOR FREEDOM

,, 4i +bo+ cvnicaI observers publish their belief in the ncapacty of Negro Bosonans to battle be on the side of freedom and progress tneH cyllo1S
 and the aboonss planted the seed ot vgana struggle for liberty William hss ed in the eketine staged by the Boston NAACP Youth Council as pro @ s1rance Company hire Negro employees sta11eo oy Negro and white representatives of numerous nneTa ana nrooressve organizations the picketne has synbolzed the national unity under the arduous tasks of the war to preserve countr independence from Fascs5 ensavement The decent citizens who have witnessed the line of archers Post Office Square, one of the cita- des Big Business have expressed sympathy With the in employment. .......-
 their to the picketne the mos1 cons 4 most liberal The line rebdkes the evil who are committed to denying Negro people full citizen ship at best and to combining the barbarous crimes of iynching and Jim Crowsm at worst It dramat1zes the ARE RADICALS except fstfu of traitors despised by the masses of their people. JIM CROW HAS GOT TO GO! Every action for freedom speeds it's removal!
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
FLIGHT

Naoro American writer from his native land is tragic While his expaation to the admittedly freer atmosphere of France personal advantages h1s departure at this critical time robs the Negro people of one of her and outstanding spokesmen Hence1ortn ms remoteness the of titanic struggles Will disqualify him interpreter of them, and whatever contributions make to the French people even to the coored colonial peoples of Africa Asia and the Indies under the domination of French imperialism will suffer from his inexperence until he becomes oriented
 Gertrude Stein, another expatriate who has ceased to have any urgent significance for the American people has welcomed Wright exponent of modern English prose syle Perhaps his technique may in the future startle with novelties but and method, devoid of content will land him inevitably in the company of the literary eccentrics.
 The act of Wrights withdrawal is reminder or the horrible stresses and strains imposed upon Negro Amer through that denial citizenship against winch his Native Son Black Boy were both such v1gor- ous protests registers the brutal impact of racla prejudice upon sensitive spirit lacking the tough fibre which has enabled the Negro people to keep their morale and cherish the hope of achieving freedom in firm alliance with the democratic forces in nation
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01

tors of Lincoln the responsibility of making their college equal to a white school. The expenditure per capita for maintaining a segregat- ed set-up is $697 for a Negro stu dent and $229 for a white student. (1937-1944). To maintain a sepa- rate law, journalism, or graduate school imposes an added burden upon the taxpayer who baked last year at supporting poorly at tended School of Journalism.
 It is concluded: "The real trag- edy of Missouri's attempt to fur nis'h higher education for Negroes .......-(is) the extreme lengths - educationally, socially, and finan- cially - to uphold a principle that runs counter to the religion and to the political philosophy they profess"
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
THE NEGRO LATIN AMERICA
By Harold Preece

Dog Hospital?
 The letter cited the case of a United Fruit dockworkers who suffered internal injuries, when steel bar fell on him. He was talk en to the hospital" given a pur- gative and a few days later was sent back to work.
 The worker, Jose Nj. Mendez, suffered serious abdominal pains when he again tried longshoring and reapplied for admission to the hosptal. The company doctor re- fused, claiming his pains had noth- ing to do with his previous acci- dent. The union forced an X-ray examination to prove Mendez's case.
 The CTCR warned in it's letter that strike action twill be inevi- table if our just complaints and demands are not settled" The case has been submitted to the Sgoyerr- ment board of arbitration.
 The CTCR open letter was signed by executives Rodolfo Guzman, Fernando Aguilar and Victor Cor dero. Workers on the United Fruit plantations are affiliated to the CTCR.
 As an example of prices charged in United Fruit controlled stores, the only ones available to workers in the banana-growing regions, the CTCR pointed out that a pound of butter sells for $108 cents, coffee at 40 cents U. s. pound, eggs at about 90 cents a dozen and a can of evaporated milk about 20 cents.
 At the same time, workers on the company-owned railway whose wage scale is comparatively high, were paid averages as low as 65 dollars a month. Maximum wages on this railway were listed at about 90 dollars per month, com pared with 175 dollars a month on non-company railways.
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
BOOK REVIEW
TOP SECRET. By Ralph Ingersoll.
 New York: Harcourt, Brace $500

TOP SECRET. By Ralph IngersOll. New York: Harcourt, Brace $500
 Now that VIE Day is almost a year old, we are beginning to learn what really happened on the Thigh political levels" crop Secret" by the Editor of New York's liberal daily PM, is probably the most enlightening account so far. It states clearly and explicitly what Butchers much more ballyhooed "My Three Years With Eisenhow- CT" reveals only partially and in- directly.
 Half of Ingersoll's book is about the fight from D1Day to the final Nazi collapse, from the inside viewpoint of a liaison officer be- tween Omar Bradley, Eisenhower and Montgomery. This part is fas- cinating, but more important are Ingersol's revelations about Brit ish policy. 'The British" he says, "always mix political with military motives" The chief British fear (apart from the Nazi threat to their Empire) was of expanding Soviet influence in Eastern Europe particularly in the Balkans. Ac- cordingly Churchill, though for in vading Fortress Europa, wanted it done through what he disingenu- ously called 'tthe soft underbelly of the Axis" Gen. Devers' staff in London, appointed to plan for an- invasion of France, was stalled, hamstrung and sabotaged by the British all through the latter half of 1942. In the meantime Church i'll, while agreeing that invasion of France should have first priority, persuaded Roosevelt to invade North Africa. Then Churchill asked for Sicily, then for South ern Italy. As he foresaw, so much of the then limited U. s. shipping and equipment was tied up by these invasions that the Channel invasion had to be postponed. This of course left the Russians to do the heavy fighting and sustain the heavy losses - which was o. K. with the British, who meanwhile secured control of the Mediterran- can Cup to Trieste when the
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
MAIL BOX
YES. HERE'S ANOTHER

Boston, May 28 = Anothe- mile stone of service to the public has just terminated in the Peoples Palace at Washington and Black stone Street, Boston, operated by the Salvation Army.
 1t was good news to me and surprising, too, that Mir. Thomas Ferguson their treasurer, building engineer, and song writer is a Ne gro who through his years of ser vice has proven his worth in that organization.
 Could it be that we here in Bos- ton like to be hidden away from the rank and file of the race, never letting our light so shine that it will lead other aspirants to seek that goal of achievement whatever it may be, or is it that we as a race fail to seek out those who have won and award them with the diploma of success?
 It seems to me it would be a commendable thing to know lit tie more about MT. Ferguson. The songs he has written and are sung on the streets perhaps, and in the meetings of this loyal band of Christian Warriors.
 Here's hoping for a new Peo- ple's Palace. It's much needed now.
 C. A. Franklin
 Pres. Peoples Improvement Asso- citation, Roxbury, Massachusetts
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01

whistle blew).
 After the Allies were stalled ir the Churchill-sponsored .ttacks al Anzio and Casino, the Tory lead CT was finally forced to agree to the Channel invasion. Even then, the brilliant Allied successes un- der Bradley, the greatest of the U. $. field generals, were constant ly hamstrung by British efforts to transfer the chief Allied leader ship (and glory) to their vain and arrogant Montgomery, who proved thorouhgly incompetent as an of fensive general. Allied successes in France, and particularly the final swift penetration of Ger many, were of course made much easier by the fact that the Rus sians were engaging most of the Wehrmacht.
 The British built up Nazism as a weapon against the USSR. Now that Germany has been defeated, the British policy of holding the balance of power in Europe has been upset. Accordingly the Brit ish - Laborites as well as Tories are trying to bring Western Europe under their influence to use it against the Russians, and are also scheming to weaken or destroy Russia. This is despite the fact that the Soviet Union cannot be called imperialist even Byrnes has acknowledged its right to control Eastern Europe to pro tect itself from further aggres- sion. Russia's interest is as much to develop it's own immense terri tory and resources as our was in the 18th century. The last thing it wants is another war.
 The British, too weak to fight Russia alone, are trying to use us as a cats paw to do their dirty work for them. Powerful financial interests in this country are help ing them - as witness the mount ing anti-Soviet hysteria in the press. As Ingersoll sums up Gin italics):
 During the war, the British at tempted to manipulate our mili- tary policy so that we would fight the war the way they wanted it
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
MAGAZINE RACK
By Samuel P. Perry, Jr.

THE PRICE OF SEGREGATION R. I. Brigham (Survey Graphic, May)
 Written by a former member of the faculty of the University of Missouri, this timely article deals explicitly with a question which is of peculiar interest to all Ne groes, north and south - that of education under a segregated set up. MT. Brigham focuses the spotlight upon the problem of maintaining segregated schools in the deep south and in the border states = burden on the pocket book of MT. John o. Public - a there has been discreet silence.
 The author cites the cases of Herman M. ESweatt in Texas and Lincoln University's Gaines in Missouri who applied for admis- sion into the white schools in their respective states since the courses they chose to pursue were not available in segregated schools. The United States Supreme Court decision in the Gaines case set the precedent for the rest of the southern states. 1t was stated in the case (1938) that Negro was entitled to the same educational facilities as his white brother in the state of residence. Indubitably, this outlawed out-of-st;.t .te educa- tional grants - the method of es- capism from providing equal edu- cational facilities. As it is averred, "The {southern) states knew that the final decision in the Gaines case ultimately spelled an end to their common practice regarding Negro education: neglect of col ored schools, lop-sided division of the state and federal educational funds, and the payment of out-of- state tuition for qualified Negroes desiring graduate, professional or technical education barred to them at home." At that particular time,
 
 southern press reaction was the same: the acceptance of the decision as just and the admis- sion that something should be done anent Negro education.
 Two alternatives were proposed: CD Regional colleges formed by four or five adjacent colleges equal in educational standards to white colleges in those states and CD the subsidization of established private Negro schools.
 1nasmuch as the Gaines case had had origin in Missouri, other southern and border states looked to that state for a criterion for applying the final decision. But, unfortunately, judging from the evidence adduced in the article, Missouri is endeavoring to main tain segregated set-up at great expense rather than admit Negro students to it's white schools. For the objective reader, MT. Brigham presents the facts: CD No asso- citation of Negro and white schol- ars in Missouri; CD Negro His tory Week not observed even though Sociology American Negro" is taught at U. of Mo. (3) No Negro speakers at white schools to better relations. Even the state legislature introduced a bill which placed upon the cura-
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
PLAIN TALK
By John M. Lee

opinionated distinction. Unlike the
 colleges and universities ln the
 South, Columbia does not say that
 Negroes and other lesser citizens
 must not enter through it's sacred
 portals and remain to taste of it's
 fruits of knowledge. To put 1t thus
 ly would be to employ the blunt
 frankness of the bigoted Souther- ner, which Columbia teaches Is
 crude and un-American. Columbia,
 being among the leading Northern
 universities, will have none of the
 unpublished Jim4Crow practiced by
 less urban Southern educational
 institutions.
 Columbia Quota System Steeped in tradition, and all but
 hallowed by legend, Columbia Uni
 versity chose dignified course to
 make certain that only the finest
 specimens with master race quail
 fcations would gain entrance to
 it's classes. It selected the quota
 system of admissions, thus enabl- ing the door to be thrown open
 wide for the big, white, Protest
 ant, non-Italian brains, while giv-
 ing it the privilege to let an oc-
 casional lesser human slip through
 and profit from association with
 the pure. and the mighty.
 In this way, the stigma of dis eliminating against student be- cause of his race or color or re- ligion could not be attached to the university, at the same time, the racially unanointed lame-brains could be kept from lousing up the place. It was a neat trick that didn't work, but nothing could be done about it until some one hit upon the idea of cutting off it's tax exemptions. For all of its desired exclusiveness and dignity Colum- bia University is not above accept ing a gratuity in the form of an endowment or a tax exemption. It is presently enjoying an exemp- tion of some two million dollars, a gift from the people of the City , of New York of all races, creeds and colors. This money amounts to a subtle subsidy that helps pay for the subtle practice of keeping the bright white boys on the in- side while those of the wrong col or, race, or religion stand on the looking in - net too sub tle1y.
 Because it stands to lose an an- nual two million dollar gift, the ! university has deigned to throw off it's aloofness and argue the point with the Negroes, Jews, Catholics, and Italians, and it isl expected that it will put up a good figh. Nevertheless it can be pre- dicted that Negro students will | soon get a better break at the university, because dear old Col umbia made the mistake of put ting the squeeze on the Catholics and Jews, too. They are two of the subtlest fighting minorities in the North, and having created so I much subtle policy themselves, I they know just how to expose it and knock it over. ThereIl be hail Columbia before this is over.
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
SUBTLE RACIAL DISCRIMIN ATION IS

STRICTLY A NORTHERN ART
 New York-City Councilman Flu
 gene P. Connolly led a host of fairminded New York citizens re-
 gently in strong plea for an 1n-
 dependent investigation of the
 charges that Columbia University
 practices racial and religious dis
 imitation by imposing admissions
 quotas on Jews, Negroes, Catho-
 les and Italians. The matter came
 before the rules committee of the
 City Council in a public hearing
 on a resolution previously intro
 duced by Connolly to withdraw tax
 exemptions from the University.
 Figures were introduced to show
 that enrolment of Jewish students
 in the College of Physicians and
 Surgeons had fallen from 46.92
 per cent in 1920 to GA per cent in
 1940. While no figures were re-
 leased to show how sharply the
 drop in enrolment of Negro, Cath olie and Italian students has been,
 it is unoficially reported that the decline is more severe.
 The American Jewish Congress, which has taken the lead in this fight to make the staid old Morn ingside Heights University open
 up or pay up, brought volumes of statistical data to the hearing to prove that discrimination is a fine and practiced art,s not necessarily a part of the curriculum, but cer- tain1y a major pant of the admis- sions practices. Ordinarily it would be expected that affidavits and sworn statements would be the sort of evidence introduced to sub stantiate such a charge, but this is happening in New York, the metropolis of the cosmopolite, the capital of 1iberal-thinking where things are done differently. Rabbi Wise Sums Up
 Rabbi Stephen $. Wise, eminent leader and teacher, and president of the American Jewish c, ngress, summed up the facts in essence when he said the university was practising discrimination, Gin 2 slyly and subtly con- cealed." Dr. Wise, who studied at Columbia for ten years must have known for a great part of his highly useful life in the city that certain types of students were be- ing denied the privilege of study ing at the university, for it has been common knowledge and a subject of much conversation for as long as twenty years. The thing to do was to prove it.
 While there is a lar.e fratern- ity of students of Negro, Jewish, Catholic and Italian definition who aspired to and failed of admission to Columbia, not one of their num- Der can honestly say that he has or indirectly been in- formed that his race or religion was the reason for his failure to gain admission to the university over whi h Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler presided for so long in
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01

fought - which was an anti-Rus- sian way. They did not succeed. Now, with equal determination. they are attempting to manipulate American foreign policy to link our future irretrievably with theirs. If they succeed, and if there IS third World War we, will surely fight it for them - against the Russians"
 HERBERT HERMAN
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01

vention of the CIO United Trans port Service Employees of Amer ica, at 3520 South State Street.
 A feature of the convention will be the formal dedication of the Unions new home at 3452 South State St. The building was former ly the Binga State Bank.
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
STORM ON THE BANANA
 COAST

Trouble is, blowing up like tropical typhoon on the Caribbean coast, generally known as "the Banana Coast, according to a re- cent news bulletin sent out by the Confederation of Latin American Labor from San Jose, Costa Rica.
 Negro banana workers of the Caribbean countries are demanding that the Wall Street-controlled United Fruit Co., come across with better wages and decent working conditions. Samuel Zemurray, Bos- ton, president of the United Fruit Co.,, once served as a member of the Presidents Fair Employment Practices Committee.
 Conditions of labor on the ban ana plantations of the United Fruit Co.,, in this country have been exposed by the Costa Rican Federation of Labor (CTOR) in factual account published as an open letter to United Fruit Gen. eral Manager E. H. Hamer.
 The CHCR discloses that the United Fruit pays lower salaries, charges above normal prices in it's controlled stores, crowds in workers where housing is not available, uses blacklists, fires workers arbitrarily, uses a con- tracting system similar to "black- birding" refuses adequate medi- cal treatment for employees, cheats in it's company lunchrooms and has arbitrary wage classified tions.
 Uses Blacklist
 The CTCR charged point-b1ank that "workers who stand out be- cause of trade union activities and their refusal to kowtow to fore men are put on blacklist. Their names are then telephoned into the company and they are fired"
 To keep from paying indemni- zation, the company forces work CTS to sign voluntary dismissal" slip. If he refuses, his pay is with held until he signs and he is evict- ed from whatever served as living quarters.
 Another way of getting around indemnization used by the con- pany, the CTCR revealed, is to hire the worker on an "indefnite'' con- tract. Since three months are re- quired before he is eligible for indemnization on dismissal, he is fired at the end of two and a half months and then perhaps rehired on the same terms.
 Company spiders are sent to lure workers to the banana plan tations. They crowd in with their families but find no place to stay and no transportation to get back, finally becoming so desperate they will work at any wage.
Hartford chronicle., 1946-06-01
\ TO HOLD NATIONAL

Delegates represent 'OOO red caps, din Pullman laun- line service
 e June 4 I Con-