davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Brooklyn High
School Refuses
OAR. Medal

Brooklyn, N. Y.-The Girls
High School of Brooklyn, which
has goodly percentage of Negro
students enrolled, has refused to
accept the annual American His
tory medals awarded by the Battle
Pass Chapter of the OAR. The
action was taken because the Bat
tie Pass Chapter wrote Principal
Edith M. Ward that it's policy was
mot to comment on any action
taken by the National Society of
the Daughters of the American
Revolution"
Mrs. Ward had written the chap
ter that her students were upset
at the discrimination shown by
the Washington Chapter of the
OAR in the case of Hazel Scott,
and earlier, Marian Anderson
She asked what the attitude was of
the Battle Pass chapter. When in
formed that the Battle Pass Chap
ter had mo comment" Principal
Ward wrote:
"To evade a stand is equivalent
to agreement with those who would
deny to the Negro his American
ism. / regret, therefore, that be-
cause of this, our long and hitherto
pleasant relations will have to be
severed"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Vets To Hear Discussions
On Small Business Setup
Commerce Dept,
D. C.. Institute
Sponsor Project

WASHINGTON, - (NNPA)-
The Commerce Department in col
laboration with the Washington
Small Business Institute will spon-
sor discussions for veterans in Feb
ruary and March on how to estab-
lish and operate a small business.
The discussions will begin Feb
ruary II and will be held at the
Twelfth Street Branch YMCA.
The aim of the discussions is to
aid the veteran and small business
man in the essentials of small bus
mess operation by making avail
able to them management aid facil-
tiles and research studies within
the Department of Commerce and
other government agencies.
The group, on February IL, will
discuss GLOW to Establish and OPP
crate Small Business. planning
the Location for Small Store"
will be discussed on February "a.
Specialists Slated
A discussion on March 3 will be
held on "Window Display and Store
Arrangement" The closing discus
sion on March 10 will have as It's
subject Merchandising a nd Pro-
per Record Keeping"
Specialists from the Commerce
Department Washington business
concerns and from the small bust
ness training program of the Unit
ed States office of Education will
lead the discussions.
A similar conference will be held
in Akron, Ohio, on February 10,
with Bishop r. R. Wright as prin-
cipal speaker
The Iota Phi Lambda Business
Sorority is one of the sponsors OF
the Washington discussions.
Emmer Martin Lancaster, Spec
ial Adviser to the Security of Com
merce on Negro Affairs is chair
man of the committee on arrange
ments for both discussions.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Vets DenouIlce
Senate Action

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(NNPA
The Veterans League of America
last Saturday denounced the ac-
ton of Senate leaders in allowing
legislation for permanent F. E
P. c.. to be aside because Of the
filibuster by southern Senators.
Brigadier Gen. H. c.. Holdridge
(retired) chairman Of the League
legislative commission, said the &C
ton of the Senate was IAN abrog-
alton of democratic rights and a
step in the direction of Fascist
dictatorship"
Colored veterans are entitled tc
fair chance to get decent en-
ployment at good salaries the
same as white veterans are, the
former general said.
Jews, Catholics ana other min
ority religious group should not be
made to suffer for want OF EN-
ployment because of the beliefs
of their conscience, he added.
The VIA called upon veterans
throughout the nation to join to.
gether in the fight for FEPC leg.
islation.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

OKINAKA, Western Pacific =
Shortly before the end of HOSTILE
ties in the Pacific, Corporal Ray
Mcconnell, 209 Johnson ST., Ma
rietta, Ga, captured four heavily
armed japanese on this island.
The Japanese pistol he will bring
back to the States with him is a
souvenir of this memorable expert
ence.
Cpl. Mcconnell was on a special
assignment with the Military Gov
eminent unit operating on the
Chinen peninsular of Okinawa-
During July and August he had
an Okinawan interpreter and sew
eral civilian police assigned to him
by the Military Government His
job was to rout out of the evacuat
ed civilian areas all unauthorized
natives.
STOPPED @OFF-LIMITS"
On the LIST of August, Corporal
Mcconnell had collected % ma
tives and was returning to the
Military Government compound at
Temagusku when he stopped at
one more "off- limits" area.
From one of the houses in the
area came suspicious noises, and
Mcconnell called to his interpre-
ter. After an investigation the ma
tive returned to report that the
noises were made by Japanese
soldiers. Approaching within ear
shot of the house Corporal Nc
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Norfolk Gets
Fourth Officer

NORFOLK, Va.-(ANP)-Ap-
pointment last week of two Negro
policemen here brings to four the
number now serving on the force.
The first ever named for that ca
pacity in Norfolk, the four are
proving very satisfactory, Police
Chief John F. Woods declares. APP
pointments Of Negroes to- the force
began in November as IAN expert
ment in interracial law enforce
ment."
Three of the men are ex-service-
men. All Of them, entering the po-
lice dept. with the same rank as
any new appointee, patrolman,
fourth class, were accepted only
after rigid physical and mental
examination. They are H. C. Case,
ex-marine, r. D. Weaver, former
army MP, William Lewis, former
navy So in Norfolk, and Clarence
v. Cooke, former. student at Vir-
ginia Union university.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
By LOUIS LAUTIER
For the NNPA News Service

WASHINGTON, d. C.-Speak-
ing at the annual Lincoln Day Ban
quet at the Statler Hotel last
Thursday night, Representative
Clare Boothe Luce, of Connecticut,
called upon the Republican party
to finish the task which Lincoln
began by freeing colored people
from economic slavery.
On the program with Mrs. Luce
were House Minority Leader
Joseph w. Martin, Jr., of Massach-
usetts, and Governor Edward Mar
tin, of Pennsylvania. Eugene 5.
Clayton, the first colored man ever
to be elected to the city council OF
Louisville, Kentucky, read Lin
coins Gettysburg address.
Mrs. Luce was in excellent form,
reminiscent of her playwriting in
the days she authored "The Wo-
men," as she departed from the
text of her prepared address to
shoot barb after barb at "Bilbo and
his ilk."
White "Reddened''
Sitting on her immediate right
while she was speaking was Sena-
tor Wallace H. White, Jr., Republi-
can, of Maine, who had that day
denounced the bill to set up a
permanent Fair Employment Prac-
tice Commission and announced
that he would vote for neither
cloture nor the bill.
His face Redeemed as she con,
demned the filibuster and declared
the legislation desirable because i
would constitute a constructive stef
in changing the morale attitudes OF
any community where preJudlceS
might exist"
During the filibuster in the Sen
ate, she said, "no sensible wore
has been said except by those, o.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
GIL Souvenir From 0kinaWa
Recalls Memorable Experience

Connell told the interpreter to
tell the Japanese to come out or
he would fire into the house. The
japanese soldires replied that they
would open fire if Mcconnell did
not leave.
Mcconnell had the interpreter
warn them again, also to add that
this was the last warning. This
time the japanese agreed to come
out. They were taken to the mill
tary police stockade at Hyakuna
where it was discovered that they
We're making an attempt to infil-
terate the American lines to join
the several hundred Japs conducts
ing guerilla warfare in the North
The four Japanese were armed
with pistols, sabers and had 80
hand grenades among them.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Boi|errllakers'
.AuxiIidries
Said Illegal
Court Reverses
Two Decisions In
Previous Cases

Los ANGEIlES-(ANP)- Negro
union workers and their WHITE
friends were jubilant last week
over what appears to be the death
sentence pronounced on jim-croW
auyiliaries of unions. This came
about when the state supreme
court this week outlawed the Doll
ermaker's union Jim crow auxli-
iarieS.
Acting with dispatch. the court
reversed previous decisions in two
cases brought by Negroes ana
ruled that TIL e arbitrarily closed
union should not exist with a clos
ed shop" and that .the union has
the duty to represent all employ
eS."
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Luce Calls On COP To
Finish LincoIn's Task

whom the majority were Repubi-
cans, who sought to stop it."
Her address was delivered to an
almost all-white audience. In the
gathering of several hundred peo-
pie who heard her, there were only
eight colored persons.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
WILLIAMS CASE

The rulings were handed down
in the cases of Wilbert Williams
representing about 1000 Negro
ennloyes at Permanente Metals
Corp. and Kaiser Co., ana Ray
mon Thompson, employed by
Moore Drydock Co. who began
their fight in 1913.
williams had sued the lnterna-
tional Brotherhood of Boilermak-
ers (AFL), charging that Negroes
were required to join an auxiliary
unon which denied voting and 9th
er privileges.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Draw Lines In
Curry Fight
BY VIOLA DREW

TULSA, OKla.--(ANP)-- Bishop
George Edward Curry, named re-
Gently in Arkansas in a sensational
expose charging illegal sale OF
Flipper- Key Davis college prop
erty and Misrepresentation of mon
ey obtained Is authoritatively re-
ported to have called together the
% ministers who met in his be-
half at Avery chapel here last
week. The bishop is co-defendant,
along with the Rev. j. S. Johnson,
the Rev. r. B. Mcdaniel, and the
Conway enshaw Lumber 20 M
pany, in a district court suit filed
by Attorney Primus G. Wade IN
which he asks restitution of ST.
200 with interest from date of sale
of buildings in March, .945.
The minister, attending last
weeks meeting, are said to have
been given the choice Of signing a
petition to support Bishop Curry
or of leaving the meeting. This
idea did not meet the approval OF
a group of ministers and laymen
who are girding forces to "oust the
bishop" The feeling seems to be
that "the bishop may be guilty of
money discrepancies in Oklahoma
as we'll as in Arkansas"
UP FOR GUSHING
Rev. Johnson, pastor at Vernon
and right hand man of Bishop
Curry, is up for ousting also. When
asked for a staten ent for the As
ISOLATED Negro Press, his emphatic
response was: I have nothing to
say"
Of the nine board members at
Vernon, the AMP correspondent
learned that four are in favor of
the custer and five against it.
Those favoring Rev. Johnson saw
he was only carrying out orders of
his superior, Bishop Curry, when
he became involved in the alleged
sale of buildings and misuse OF
funds.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

Lucky for you this 3 way relief is ready
to help YOU. For colds are raging all
around now So when cold gets your
chest muscles tight and aching, sore
from coughing, and you feel "ehoked
up". get Penetro. 1t works fast On
Grandma's old reliable idea, using
mutton suet 20 helpcarry medication
10 do it's local pain-easing. Only PEN
etro is Grandma's idea made even
better by science. That's why people
everywhere count on Penetro-
You rub Penetro on chest, throat
md back. AS its medication reaches
nerve ends in the skin, pain easea.
And Pcnetro draws more warm red
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Deal On FEPC
Senators Warned Not To
Be Parties To Agreement

WASHINGTON, d. C-Sharp condemnation of the deal
between of the supporters Of FEPC both Republican
and Democrat and the fbuster bloc Dixie senators
Contained in kilograms to senators last week by Walter White
NAACP Secretary.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Senators Warned

senator's not to be a party to the
agreement and to "insist FEPC
legislation continue as official order
Of business of the Senate and re-
main so until vote is secured on its
merits"
In addition to the Walter White
wire, hundreds Of kilograms and a,
score of telephone calls reached
Washington Friday and Saturday
from NAACP branches in 80 states
urging senator's to vote for cloture
and to keep FEPC the order of bus
mess before the Senate.
One aspect of trickery in the deal
was the setting of the cloture vote
for a pm. Saturday, February 8.
Opponents of the bill were count
ing on the. fact that the daughter
of Senator Chavez was scheduled
to be married at / pm. February
9, and that therefore the leader
in the fight for FEPC would be in
no mood to be present and put up
battle. They also depended on
senator's being absent on Satur-
day afternoon.
NAACP branches warned their
senator's to oppose any motion
made after the cloture vote which
would displace FEPC as the Sem
ate's business, including a motion
to adjourn.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Vapors help you
breathe easier, as
phIegn1 loosens,
coughing lessons.

blood to those parts faster, to help
break up local congestion. Right then,
chest muscle tightness, soreness, are
relieved and distressing muscular aches
and pains are eased. Phlegm loosens,
sore throat, h0aEenesa and coughing
lessons. That "all IN feeling disap-
pears. It's. soothing vapors help you
breathe easier. toe And for hours,
Penetro keeps on working in a natural
way to make you feel better. Yourest
more comfortably, especially at night.
These are the reasons so many PEG.
pie everywhere are using Penetro, and
why your druggist so often recon-
mendsit only 25c. double supply Soc
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Relief At Last
For Your Cough

Circumcision relieves promptly be-
cause it goes right to the seat OF the
trouble to help loosen and expel
germ laden ph1egrn, and aid nature
to soothe and heal raw, tender, In.
famed bronchial mucous mems
branes. Tell your druggist to sell you
q bottle Of CreomulSiOn with the I'm.
derstanding you must like the way It
quickly allayS the cough or you are
20 have your money back.
CIRCUMCISION
eosc Coughs, Chest celda Bvnehisis
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

II you suffer geCCAn8 up nl8uSsS pnAH ~
burning passages, aching back and legss
nervous weakness or sore, aehlnE joints
why don't you see what this medicine
can do for your You, Hike thousands
NAV find 1t IL just what you need TO
helm you feel better. stronger ana
younxef.
beneficial herbs, bar1xG roots and now
ers from India, China and Africa 20 IN
"a tFfs fine medicine. Often help to sur
nrfsfnx relief IN money stemic -anerGAnic
Kidney and bladder irrttations becanse
they help your body expei acids eno
You may have cause to bless the az
YOU heard Of bed Dragon Herbs. Ify
them right awayi Send no money-Jnss
nav the postman S1.96 plus few cents
postage when he brings your medcano
iiu plain box). Satisfaction assured q
every penny Of your &I.06 refundeo'
~ w. s4tb g. Nev yoek I. y. 4
VITA BOTANICAL co.
Dept. s..
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Do Your KIDNEYS,
BLADDER Need Help?

Thousands who suffered
|torments from painful lid.
iney and bladder symptoms
due to excess body acids In
Kidneys, report amazingly
fast relief due to q thor
Oughiy tried and tested
NATURAL HERB meU
cine, Red Dragon Herbs.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

The "deap which was rumored
asst week, came out into the open
he afternoon of February Z when
epublican leader Wallace HI.
White, Jr., of Maine, made speech
raising the filibusters, declaring
le agreed with them. Immediately
sfter, Senator Robert A. Taft, Re-
ublican of Ohio, secured the floor
ind declared he was willing to go
dong with this deal" The Con-
rressional Record will probably not
reveal This remark after 1t has
cen edited, but spectators in the
allery heard Senator Taft make
he statement and also heard other
enators call out "sh-h-h-h."
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

NEW YORK-The third annual
nationwide campaign of the United
Negro College Fund, to be conduct
ed this spring, will have Frank M.
lotion, a vice-president of the
Chase National Bank, as its chair
man, DR.. F. D. Patterson, presi-
dent Of the Fund and of Tuskegee
Institute, announced Sunday.
According to Mr.. lotion, the
1916 goal will be $1,300,000. Con-
tributions last year totaled more
than $1,000,000, and were used to
meet operating and urgent re-
quirements of the 80 leading Negro
private colleges comprising the
Fund. AS Chairman of the New
York campaign committee last
year, Mr.. lotion helped to raise
S35O,0O0.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16
Morgan Active

Thomas A. Morgan, president of
the Sperry Corporation and nation
al chairman of the Funds 1915
appeal, has agreed to serve as
chairman of the national executive
committee. For the third successive
year, Winthrop Aldrich, chairman
of the board of the Chase National
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-02-16

Penefro applied to
the chest and back
helps to break UP
Iocrl con gestion.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-01-25

Neal, Mr.. and Mrs. George NJ.
O'Neal and Mr.. and Mrs. JUS
tin a. Christiano of Pascagoula
were Mt. Pleasant visitors on
Sunday. Mr.. Christiano has re-
Gently received an honorable dis
charge from the army. He was
stationed in India for over a
year. He and Mrs. Christiano will
make their home in New York
state after a visit of several days
in Pascagoula.
Miss Dollie and r. c. Roberts
have as their guest this week
their nephew, T. j. Dickson, III,
Of Moss Point.
The Methodist Mems Brother
HOOD meeting will be held at Mt.
Pleasant church Saturday eve
ming at Z p. m. Guest speaker
for the evening will be Gavin
Hamilton of Pascagoula and it
is hoped thht Donald Taylor
lately returned from Japan and
other islands in the Pacific will
relate some of his experiences.
Supper will be served and men
of any denomination are invit-
ed.
Among those attending the ball
game at D'Iberville Saturday
were Florian Ware, Marshall
Brady Roberts, Burah Lee Hol-
den and Woody Mcmillan.
The Rev. w. J. Walters preach
ed Sunday morning taking as his
text ''The Lost Christ"
Pvt. Austin Graham left Mon
day for a port of embarkation in
Virginia after a furlough of
several days at home. He was
accompanied to camp by his wife
and son.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roland Ware
were guests of Mrs. Laura Bell
and Miss Annie Laurie Ware
in Pascagoula Sunday.
Miss Willie Nell Carter has
resigned her position in Pasca-
goula and returned home for an
indefinite stay.
Guests of Mr.. and Mrs. R. j.
Van Horn on Sunday were Mr..
and Mrs. George O'Neal of Pas
cagoula.
Mr.. and Mrs. Roland Ware
were Mobile visitors Thursday.
Nurse Lonnie Mcdonald of
Pass Christian was a Mt. Pleas
ant visitor over the weekend.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-01-25
Plant Boord Experts
Recommend Sprays
For Azoled Blight

In response to scores of re-
quests for information about the
azalea petal blight and its con-
troll Lewis Bond, State Plant
Board of Mississippi Inspector,
suggests two sprays to combat
the fungus-caused flower spot.
The disease which is usually
first noticeable as very small
white or pale spots about the
size of a pinhead on the bios
SONS can be fought with Dith-
ane or 604 spray.
Dithane spray is made as fol-
lows: To one gallon of water add
212 teaspoons of liquid Dithane,
stir in one teaspoon of zinc sui
phate followed by a teaspoon of
lime. Add 10 to Is drops of
B1956 as a spreader and stick
er. Prepare the spray fresh be-
fore each application, stir or
agitate the mixture while spray
ing and start treatment as soon
as the spots appear and should
be done three times weekly dur
ing the period the flowers are
opening.
The GOA or Phygon spray: The
compound GOA comes as either a
yellow or broWnish dust. Add
one teaspoon to a gallon of wa
ter. Spray during the period the
flowers are opening.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-01-25
Mount Pleasant

Mrs. r. j. VanHorn and Miss
Lizzie Ware, the latter of Van
cleave visited Mr.. and Mrs. S.
S. Wall and family in Ocean
Springs on last Sunday after
noon.
Guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Maui
rice Taylor on Friday evening
were Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Roberts,
Mr.. and Mrs. Ruble Roberts and
sons, Mr.. and Mrs. c. M. Iay-
lor and Mr.. and Mrs. Donald
Taylor.
Mesdames j. c. Harris and
Clarice Bittle were Pdseagoula
visitors Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. r. Ware and
daughter were guests of Mr..
Wares mother and sister, Mrs.
Laura Bell and Miss Annie Lau-
RE Ware in Pascagoula Satur-
day evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Frank o.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-01-25
BAPTIST BROTHERHOOD

The First Baptist Brotherhood
convention to be held in Missis-
sippi has been scheduled for
April IL, at the First Baptist
church in Jackson, according TO
an announcement by ]. H. Street,
secretary of the Baptist Brother
hood department of the Missis-
sippi Baptist Convention Board.
Plans are being made for the
attendance of a minimum of SOC
men.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1946-01-25

Bar currency antedated the in
production of coins in Britain.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-29
Ben Cflaviis
Found Dead
On Sunday

Ron Chavfs o,,c-ala59aa col,nod
MN rast 81 3,d vao l4r = firna
=. nrz.nd fer ttc c,tv eao,c yaare aao
,.a. foa,d do9d Gaaesv nao,nina
4,.a,. ~ ,a,5,3tv -rhoaI earHoo of
fTaI1iltan straaf Win hiS 1hro9t
s,sshaa rrri.r NV woe bnld-
me- .T7c Wil!ians 40 eolorea md
abalr - fo, INVESTIGATION in CO.,
.c,tien Win r5c dc3tb.
Cofoecr ASA paseha'l nlarnod +.
;-sfd an iroua.t t,l = definite dat
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-29

'through.vt this espec. ally cr;t.caI
~tase when our forces "erS atteWpt-
ING 10 overcome the determined re-
s!-tanCe Ui the enemy, set. Tucker,
an automatic ritleman. through ms
untirIna efforts ana devotion tD duty
and although constantly subjected -
Inc t;uarrs OF small arms, mortar
end o.ttllcrv fire, enabled his mt
to achieve many notable successes.
Through his tearlcssuCss and hSn
standard of conduct, SGT. Tucker
contributed greatly to the morale
and combat effectiveness of h!s unit
and reflects great credit upon hlm-
self and the armed forces.
Set. Tucker served vrth tho Rod
Diamond" division in the European
campaign He Is the husband oI -.-.--
Alice Jackson Tucker.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-29
Vance Will Send Large
Group TO Democrat Meet

Vance county VIII send - dele
o,tes anG - altcrnates to the Dem
,cratic state Convention in Raleigh
Thursday. the group naNng been
named 1t the county convention here
last Saturday. u. Il. McDuffcc is
chairman and w w. White secre-
,.Iy Of the delegation. by choice
of the county meeting.
The county is entitled to one dele
gate for every 100 votes cast for
governor IN 1914. The slate of dele
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-04-29
ACTS ON THE KIDNEYS
To increase flow Of urine and 90
relieve irritation Of the bladder
from excess acidity in the urine

Are you suffering unnecessary distress,
baokaohe, rundown feeling and discom-
tort from excess acidity in the urinep Ar.
you disturbed nights by a frequent desire
TO pass ~aterP Then you should know
about that famous doctors discovery -
DIR. KILMER'S SWAMP ROOT - that
thousands say gives blessed relief Swamp
Root is carefully blended combination of
10 herbs, roots. Vegetables, baisams. DR..
kilmer's is not harsh or habit forming in
any way. Many people say its marvellous
effect is truly amazing.
Send for free, prepaid sample TODAY
Like thousands Of others you'll be glad
that you did. Send name and address to
Department d, kImer & Co., Inc, Box
l255. Stamford, Conn. Offer limited Send
at once. All druggists sell Swamp Root.