davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-27
BOND SUMMARY

Furnished BY the Associated Press.)
selected list of active Bonds on the
New York Stock Exchange. Showing the
high. low and closing price for the week.
and the net change from the previous
Saturdays close.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Chicago Grain

CHICAGO. Jan. 20 !pP---All grain fu.
pushed sharply upward today. with new
seasonal highs chalked up again for Ma,
rye and July oats
All oats deliveries were at or near tn,
81 cent Government fixed maximum most
neak in early trading then fell back frac.
thlonaly ton It was the first time this Season
May contract hit the ceiling earlier this
week and has held there almost continu-
ously.
MAY. rye, which is without ceiling price
'umoed more than 4 cents, q bushel at the
| start of the session and held the gain mos'
Of the day At times it was within "a cent
OF the a,,Ia agent limit p,ermitted ter in one day
the highest price in o5 years.
May rye sold at 50 .04 "a - bmshel lust
before the close of trading, gain of the
| full ) cents for the day
! Wheat closed unchanged to " hieher
than the previous finish. Nav SOHa: corn
changed to 2H Up. May 81; rye UNCHANGED
to 5 uD. May 204%-h barley unchanged
to l higher, MAY 1.22R
Evening star., 1946-01-27

| Rates of dividends in the foregoing table
quarterly or Semi-annual declaration I'm
less otherwise noted, special or extra divi-
dends are not included. Also extra or
extras. Plus stock dividend Cash or
stock. e Declared or paid so far this year.
LIE n ansSsn e funds as year
dividends paid or declared this year. n New
issue. WV With warrants. XIV Without
warrants,
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Washington Stock EXCHANGE
TX
TRANSACTIONS c

tReported by W. B. Hbhs g. Co, Washington. D c)
, AND INCLUDING FRIDAY 25. - -
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Housing Notes, to Lift
Financing Volume

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Jan. 26.-Offerine
by group of IA local housing ALL.
thorities of $30,347.000 temporary
loan notes maturing from August
27. 1916, to March 4, 1947, provides
the bulk of municipal issues sche.
duled for sale next week, the Daily
Bond Buyer said.
Total for the week is Alta 900
compared with $l2,344 500 in the
past week
Largest note issue in the housing
group which will open bids Tuesday
is $18,408,000 by the Chicago, Ill.
Housing Authority. Others include
Providence, R. l., $4,775.000; Rich
mond. Va, 81, ,394. 900, and San Ber-
nadine County, Calf. S1,358, 900.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
BONDS
PUBLIC UTILITIES.

$1,000 Capital Traction lst 5s June !. g41
3Sr500 Capital Transit 1st g. ref As, 964
1000 Wash Gas Light 1st 5s. 1960----
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Brokers' Looms Gain
SAB, ,OO0,0 900 in Week

BY the Associated Press.
The Federal Reserve Board re.
ported that loans to brokers anc
dealers on securities held by mem.
Der banks in New York City totalee
81 ,850, 100000 Wednesday,, an in.
crease of $43,0O0,O 900 from a week
ago, and an increase of $374, ,0OO, ,0O(
from year ago.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Foreign Exchange Market

Paid 1945. b Plus extras.
Evening star., 1946-01-27
Commodity Prices

NEW YORK, Jan. 26-The Associated
Press weighted wholesale prices index OF
35 commodities today advanced to l1236
Previous day, 11226; week ago, 1921;
month ago, 112. 40; year ago. 10S15;
based ON 1925 as loo
Evening star., 1946-01-06
Orphan Areas Of Europe
X. Macedonia

road line from Belgrade. Budapest and
beyond. Yugoslavia. deprived of good
Adriatic ports by the lofty Dinaric
Alps, looks south for an outlet, as does
Bulgaria Three nations-Greece, Bull
garia and Yugoslavia-share Macedonia,
making it a bone of contention.
Fertile Basins
The northern reaches of Macedonia
are ridged with rugged and diverse
mountain chains which girdle hilly
plains. There the climate is continental,
and nomadic shepherds life is the
lot of most inhabitants. Farther south,
a series of broad alluvial plains stretches
across the seacoast regions-fertile
basins with a Mediterranean climate
which produces grains, tobacco, grapes,
figs, apricots and similar crops. Much
tobacco smoked in America and labeled
Turkish is really from Macedonia.
This southern section is better de-
veloped and more populated Beneath
its surface lies oil, as yet practically
untapped Along the coast itself, the
vastly irregular Khalkidike (Chalcidice)
Peninsula thrusts it's three rocky prom
ontories tridentlikc into the sea.
Macedonia's population consists of
Serbs, Bulgarians, Greeks, nomad
Vlachs, Albanians, Turks, gypsies and
Jews. The inhabitants speak a dozen
Evening star., 1946-01-06
Army Headquarters
Continued From Page C-4.)


when Congress made it possible to do
otherwise
At first the company was located at
Pennsylvania avenue and Nineteenth
street, but about 1869 it purchased for
$4,000 the corner once owned by DR..
Gunnen and here erected a five-story
building for banking purposes. At the
time 1t was said that the property had
a frontage of 1876 feet on Pennsylvania
avenue, and that the entire tract con-
tanned 25,298 feet: also that it was i'm
proved by frame building on the cor
ner Evidently property in this neigh
borhood must have been greatly on the
increase at that time, for this identical
piece had only brought $4,000 six years
before.
The Freedmens Trust CO. soon failed,
and 1t is quite likely it never occupied
its handsome building. for in a few
years it became the headquarters of the
Department of Justice and continued
as such for a long while
The Treasury annex now occupies the
site of this old bank building and of DR..
GunnelPS home. 1t is a tragic neiehbor-
hood, for, in addition to the Sickles-Key
homicide mentioned, the attempted as
sassination of Secretary of State Seward
occurred just around the corner in what
was originally the Rogers house, built
by Commodore John Rogers about 1880.
The large, attractive building at the
northeast corner of Pennsylvania avenue
and Seventeenth street was the original
Corcoran Gallery of Art, erected by
William w. Corcoran, Washingtons mil
ionaire philanthropist, just prior to the
Civil War and taken over by the Gov
ernment for military purposes and not
opened as an art gallery, as first plan
ned, until 1871, from which date 1t was
so used until the new building a few
blocks to the south was erected.
An older building stands on the OPP
posite, or northwest corner OF Seven
teenth street and Pennsylvania avenue.
1t was also used by the Army during
the Civil War and here was the head
quarters of Gen. Mansfield, by whose
direction passes were issued to cross the
Long Bridge and through the Federal
lines o;
When the territorial government was
established for this city in 1871, the
offices of the corporation were moved to
this building, and here the Board of
Public Works first met and originated
In May of that year. 1t was at this meet
ing that Alexander r. Shepherd, later
Governor of Washington, was chosen
vice president of the board.
Evening star., 1946-01-06

This is the last OF series OF
articles lUhich hare been prepared by
the National Geographic Society for
The Sunday Star to inform recderS
about disputed areas IN Europe
1uhoSe forms OF government and
economic relations lCith neighbor-
ing countries may haze to be de-
ternlined BY negotiations among the
Allied polgerS.
BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
The vortex of the political whirlpool
known as the Balkan peninsula-where
history has long reflected strife, violence
and oppression - is loosely-bounded
area called Macedonia. There difficult
problems defy the wisdom of Solo
mon-for over two million people of
varying racial strains. creeds and
tongues live in some $4,000 square miles
divided among three neighboring ma
tionS.
Macedonia roughly fan-shaped is
bordered on the southeast by the Aegean
Sea- and stretches east, north and west
from Salonika, its chief city and prin-
cipal port Touched on the east by the
NestoS river and the majestic Rhodope
Mountains, Macedonia includes much
Of the southern lobe of Yugoslavia, and
reaches on the west to the Albanian
border. Macedonia's generally &C
cepted southwestern border meets the
Evening star., 1946-01-06
American Friendship Helps Airminded Brazil to Fly

Here the Would-be instructor undergoes
the study of Portuguese in six hour
daily doses. Twenty per cent find the
tongue a stumbling block and are
washed out. Those who make the grade
are subjected to a Dun & Bradstreet
character checkup, made at the inStlga-
ton of Riddle, and upon passing are
flown to South America. Upon arrival,
the teachers are kept in drydock for
period of indoctrination while their
ability to teach is further tested.
Meanwhile Santos has been plugging
away. His road to mechanical knoWl-
edge has been streamlined by all of the
neW-fangled training aids. The U. S.
Army Air Force borrowed heavily from
Riddle in founding its technical schools,
and Riddle, in turn, reborrowed and
improved on those methods for his
Brazilian venture. American aviation
experts would be wise to re-reborrow
from Escola Tecnica de Aviacao.
Our Flags Fly Together
When graduation day dawned, Santos
entirely forgot the traditions of the
school, lease-lend Riddle and all for
in the crowd he had quick glimpse Of
Ivone and she pumped high-test gas
through his veins. Buttons FURNISHED
brightly he fell into the long line and
accepted diploma in his left hand
In the hurly-burly of excitement,
Ivone smiled and pinned on his ser
geant's stripes as was being done by
hundreds of other godmothers.
Santos was hardly aware that the
Stars and Stripes and the flag of Brazil
were being run up on the slim stand
ards by the reviewing stand and that
his excellency, Maj. Brig. Armando
Trompowsky, the Minister of Air,
was saying: Work is the order of the
day, work more and better every time
because only through fruitful and
honest work will we be worthy of look
ing at the flag which waves in the
breeze over our heads and which repre-
sents our beloved country-the flag Of
Brazil
Evening star., 1946-01-06
BY Adelaide Kerr,
Associated Press staff Writer.

NEW YORK-While men were talk
ing and tangling over the housing prob
lem, a woman solved it for 81 New York
veterans, doctors and nurses in a way
that paid her per cent on her invest
ment.
She Is Mrs. Elmire During, French
born American citizen who came to this
country In 1903 with S25 and little Eng
lish. She stumbled into the real estate
business soon afterward and has been
in it ever since.
Her answer to the housing problem
is in two parts.
The first is group OF cold-Water
tenements on East Twenty-fifth street,
converted in 80 days to so clean, attrac-
tive, well-equipped apartments dubbed
by the neighbors Park Avenue in the
Slums." 1t was begun less than year
ago when Mrs. During remembering
the housing shortage after World War
and the slunls she had reconverted in
Greenwich VILLAGE determined to pro-
vide some of this wars veterans with
homes.
The second is another group of tene-
ments on East One Hundred and Fourth
street, which Mrs. During is retaining
as fast as she can. 1t houses % veter-
ans families now and will take care of
81 more as fast as the necessary work
can be done.
"The housing situation for veterans IS
a national scandal" said Mrs. During,
her eyes swapping. ITO think that after
all they gave, the veterans should come
home to no homes, when there are thou
sands of these tenements in cities all
over the United States that could be
fixed for them!
IT'S folly to talk of solving the hous-
ing problem by building now. Under
present conditions it would take five
Evening star., 1946-01-06

years to resolve the housing shortage by
building. But We finished these tene-
ments-even at a time when there was
little material available-in 80 days. OF
course, we all sweat blood-but We did
it. Now I can do so TO 80 unit house
every 80 days. My investment pays me
per cent. The cost of building and
improvements should not exceed five
times the yearly rental today and in
normal times it should not exceed three
times the yearly rental"
They Were Disgraceful
When Mrs, During began operations,
the East Twenty-fifth street tenements
were dirty. rundown. three-fourths un
occupied infested with rats and vermln
and with such bad plumbing that water
would not run above the second floor
Bathtubs were in the kitchens-gen-
one toilet to a floor
The first thing Mrs. During did was
to spend ST 900 on vermin killer Then
she hired an architect-and rearranged
his plans. Womanlike, she knew a
housekeeper needs storage Space and
believed a home centers around the
hearth, so she wedged in dozens of
closets the architect had not thought of
and put fireplace in every living room.
She built bathroom out of corner
of the kitchen, with tiled floors and
wainscoting, cut off the legs of the old
fashioned tubs and walled them around
with tile. Then she worked out two
and-a-half and three alf-room
units equipped with hot water, steam.
electric refrigeration and gas stoves.
The apartments are decorated in light
pastel colors on modern note and most
tenants have kept their furnishings in
the same key. The front of the build
ing is painted white with green trim
and the three entrance halls are done in
different colors with white grillwork
effect and stone benches.
Evening star., 1946-01-06

different tongues and are divided into
seven rival religious groups There, in
deed, is the land of Babel-a ''tangle
of tongues" a dumping ground of
peoples" a museum of racial strains.
A crossroads battle-ground since pre-
historic times, Macedonia was subdued
by ancient Persia in the early 5th
century, BIC. 1t was known the rule
of Philip and Alexander the Great,
the sway of the Romans, Byzantines,
barbarian Slavs and Turks. st. Paul
established the first Christian churches
there, SITS. Cyril and Methody, creators
of the Slavic alphabet still used through
out Eastern Europe, went north from
Salonika to enlighten the barbarians.
In the 18th century the rising tide
of Islam inundated all the Balkans
and beat against the gates Of Vienna.
For nearly 400 years the tide remained
full and strong, but in the 18th century
a strengthening undertow of national
ism caused Turkish power to recede,
and Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Ro-
mania and Bulgaria gained their in
dependence.
Evening star., 1946-01-06
How We Plucked War Secrets Out Of A
From Japanese and Nazi Broadcasts
BY Brack Curry,
Associated Press Staff Writer.

NaZi and Japanese news broadcasts
sometimes spilled the beans on top war
secrets.
When they went on the air the FBIS
the ears of America-was listening
On several occasions a few lines from
their broadcasts tipped off American
intelligence officers.
The Foreign Broadcast Intelligence
Service of the Federal Communications
Commission FCC)-intercepted and re-
corded more than 100000 words of
foreign broadcast material daily from
1941 to December 5, 1945, when it
ceased operation.
FBIS editors digested this immense
inflow of foreign news and enemy claims
for Government agencies, including
Army and Navy intelligence.
Now 1t Can Be Told
Disclosing for the first time the war
role of the FBIS, the FEC gave these ex-
ampleS of how broadcast monitoring
became a prime source of intelligence:
An item from a Berlin broadcast and
a similar item from a Swedish broadcast
disclosed that the Germans were runs
ming short of ballbearings This led to
concentrated air attacks on Nazi ball.
bearing factories. The United States
also started to purchase the Swedish
bearing output to keep it out of German
hands.
Another Berlin broadcast announcing
a band concert in a certain area dis
closed the location of a German regi-
ment.
A steady check on German broad
casts disclosed that some Americans
known to be killed in action were being
listed as injured and prisoners of war
in an effort to upset relatives.
Still another Berlin broadcast disclosed
that the crew of Nazi submarine had
taken part in a soccer game at Ger
man-controlled port. A member of the
Evening star., 1946-01-06

sea just north of famed Mount Olym-
pus The region is drained by two i'm
portant rivers, the Vardar and the
Struma, which have cut valuable out
lets for the inner Balkans. An i'm
portant east-west route which skirts the
sea from Southern Greece to Istanbul
(Constantinople) passes through South
ern Macedonia.
Salonika, ancient and cosmopolitan
"city of thousand sails" is rich in
history. An important Greek colony, it
was busy Roman port, and became the
second city of the Byzantine Empire.
Sacked by the Saracens in 904 and by
the Normans in 1185, it later fell into
the hands of the Venetians The Turks
took the city in 1430 and ruled it for
nearly 500 years. A beautiful white
towerfort, built by Suleiman the Mag
nifcent att he height of Turkish power,
still stands guard over Salonika.
The city's Importance today stems
from the fact that it is the only first
class port of the North Aegean and
lies at the mouth of the Vardar de-
preston. route of the principal rail-
Evening star., 1946-01-06

vile, Tex; Algiers, San Francisco and
Stockholm, Sweden.
FBIS also received material monitored
by other members of the United Nations
and from the Army's Psychological
Warfare Branch in Italy.
Big Job OF Editing
Some 2,100 foreign broadcast programs
containing 5,250,000 words were avail
able daily to FBIS. Of these, 1,433 pro-
grams, containing 1852, 500 words, were
monitored and recorded. From this
material, 100000 words were distributed
daily to Government agencies.
Evening star., 1946-01-06

Here Is q U1eU OF one OF the
FBIS t01UerS - Americas lis
tening postal SiZUer Hill,
Nd, 10here n1onitoring of AriS
broGdcaStS became a prime
source of War intelligence.
crew later was captured and starte
giving false information. He broke
down when informed the Americans
was played.
Long After Surrender
japanese code transmissions and voice
broadcasts revealed that the japanese
still gave out anti-American propa-
ganda long after Nippon surrendered.
In peace as in war radio monitoring
sometimes proves the only source of key
information on local conditions in for
eign countries, especially in areas with
out free press, the FEC notes
The Office of War Information, in
letter quoted by the FEC, made these
comments in connection with the re-
cent Bulgarian election crisis:
Was Invaluable Aid
without the FEC monitoring service
In London and Cairo it would have been
impossible to watch and to evaluate
political events in Bulgaria during the
last few months our Voice of
America show was able to come to the
support of democratic opposition ele-
nents in Bulgaria"
During the war, the FEC reports the
British monitoring service had 500 en-
ployes in London and over 100 near
Cairo and New Delhi The German
service had 1000 employees and the Rus
slams about as many. The French now
have 1900. New Zealand along with
Argentina, recently set up monitoring
services.
THE British, the Australians, the
Chinese, the Russians and others still
have such organizations and obviously
plan to keep them," says the FEC.
When it closed, the FBIS had 275
employees, compared with a wartime
peak of about $50. The agency stopped
listening to international broadcasts
December after Congress pared FEC
national defense funds
Sponsored By State Department
FBIS was created at the State Depart
ment's request. Shortwave broadcasts
originating in Europe, Africa, Central
and South America were monitored in
Washington, D. C. Far East broadcasts
were intercepted at Portland, Greg, and
Hawaii Early this year listening posts
also were set up on Guam and Two Jima.
Earlier the FBIS also operated sta
tions at San Juan, Puerto Rico: Kings
Evening star., 1946-01-06
A New Park Avenue Rises in the Slums

The apartments are rented only to
veterans, doctors and nurses at rentals
varying from $40 to SOS a month. Mrs.
During says tenements in the neighbor-
hood rent for about S25) The first to
move into the reclaimed tenement house
was veteran who had camped in front
of the house in his car with his family
for three dayS.
Evening star., 1946-01-06

honors will befall that class. Escola
Tecnica de Aviacao has come long way,
Santos learns Beginning with four.
f-o-u-r, students and 10 instructors
with classes in the old immigration
Building, in less than two years the
school has expanded to 1900 students,
260 instructors, plus administration Of
f1cials to the total of 421 Americans
more than half the American colony
of Sac Paulo From its lone building,
Evening star., 1946-01-06

the school has mushroomed to 48 build
ings, including two hotels, and now
utilizes three airports.
American Instructors
The American instructors are not the
soldier of fortune types which might
have found their ways into South
America in the old days Riddle turns
piercing eye on each one, tests him for
teaching ability before permitting the
candidate a warmup trial in Miami.
Evening star., 1946-01-06

A teletype service operating "a hours
a day carried about $4,000 words daily to
II Government Offices.
A mimeographed daily report of for
eign radio broadcasts," containing an
average of 10000 words. was distributed
six days a week to 800 Government
officials.
A mimeographed radio report on the
Far East" averaging $4,000 words, was
issued every two weeks and distributed
to 400 officials.
Special reports and files of broadcasts
were supplied to various military and
civilian authorities at home and abroad
Evening star., 1946-01-06

Macedonia the ultimate confused border landSd region
of numerous and ctng interests There the
of line 100000 people dUded by dozen
different tongues and into Ual religious Three
natons-Greece Bulgaria and Yugosaua-sare bone of
contenio o OF them ood like larger share in order to haze
an outlet ON AeQean
Evening star., 1946-07-24
HOME IMP. coMPANIEs lcnnt

PAINTING. DECORATING, paperins. floor
rennlshins. roof repairs, waterproofinR;
work guar White mechanics referencesi
established 1925. GILBERT d. HAMILTON.
PAINTING, ,papering, plastering floor re-
nnlshlns and general contracting; Is years
tree and without oblgation Terms avail
able For home improvement cali ART
fIhms,R4GGc fFAHT ,R4GcoSATqKs aRp aI.rIIc NJ sesI
remodeling new bathrooms sinks, i drains AIMS
MskTNNGy FR assa heaters Terms s6
,erms trs. ySH5 nDms
! aAIIoM A,,6 CO., 6a02 wis. ave wi 1900
Sidng; SECURITY HOME IMPROVEMENT
Ga; i1os iHGs; o4 l3 Georgia ave. NV. GE.
ROOF REPAIRS ther-worn asphalt
Shinele roofs made new and beautiful by
wstertsht coating on old surface Choice
OF many mineral colors Economical. Saves
original Investment Look at your roof Be
curious Free demonstration Call Dl &Sol,
ROOF REPAIRS. renewed, painted; cutters
sery, GICHNER ROOFING CO. Ma. 43Sn
SCREEN YOUR PORCH while nave ma
fall phone 81 ss4s .yas rem'asnae exeept F Frdss
IN u. ~ "a Am, AND WASH. can PATTERSON
roofing and siding. also storm windows
IS4G 2sEr M LSsvaNy, s nv zone Ho 4l20
Rst 3 BsvkRIY sTFRIGE' liz s"@ nes5 and hedge work
SWATERfkooFlNG' ali H"i1 Kinds; have Your
basement waterproofed now. Cement
Work. ROBERT E. PRICE, RE 1891. !9'
OLD DOMINION CONTRACTING CO.. Gil
cutters, insulation, remodeline Terms.
SoIicltlng Virginia work exclusively. 81
IDA l.Dhf SERVICE on carpenter repairs and
conSln 92S9 after pm =