davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07

less, build little adobe huts in high, protected spots and look out for their own interests. By in- stinct they are engineers and dip lomats but, like so many insects, they know very little about mod ern industry. Some of their mis- takes are costly.
 An aristocraitc family named Sceliphron Cementarius Common mud-daubers) got busy one sum- mer and built fort inside the vent pipe on top of a big steel tank of heating oil. The tank had
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07
.ALASKA-49TH STATE?
(DenVer PoSt)

Not since Feb 14, 1912 when Arizona became the 48th State in the Unon has there been addition to the family of States. Now the question is being asked Will Alaska become State number 49? There is bill in Congress to give her that status.
 A Congressional investigating committee has lndl- caed however that Alaska has not attained sufficient economic stability and political maturity to qualify for Statehood President Truman and Secretary of the h. teror Ickes disagree with this conclusion.
 We don't propose to argue the question, but if Alaska is ready for full membership in the Union for econo mic it is largely the fault of the United States
 There has been too much exploitation of Alaskan re- sources and little effort toward helping the Terri tory build itself up permanent basis. Too many American business concerns and individuals have made a practice of grabbing much they in Alaska and leaving as little as possible The federal govern ments tendency treat that Stepchild has not helped much either.
 Alaska is much more than frozen wilderness There is extensive acreage of fertile land that is wonderfully productive in summer Being situated on the shortest route to the Orient, Alaska has great possibilities air center in the coming age of flight.
 After serving apprenticeship for more than three quarters of century Alaska at least morally entitled to Statehood if she wants it. But she is entitled to thing more: square deal from American business and government-and she certainly wants that
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07
Trying To Bet Boys Not Fire-Out

HOT SPRINGS, S. D. RD - The fire siren shrieked, necks craned to find where the smoke was coming from and few ad- diets jumped into their cars.
 Editor C. J. Twomey called the fire station. "No fire" came the reply. "A lot of the boys are late for the firemen's banquet at the church and we're tryin' to get 'em out"
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07
ZOONW. AAE40 ' GEORGE { BENSON \ rhesikfsf-EsnfisI Ehal4s
 Sesnfy. <sfssa0
MUD-DAUBERS

Down here in the Mississippi valley we are all acquainted with a species of wasps called mud daubers. They are relatively harm
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07
THE NOME GET
MONDAY, JANUARY 2, 1946

convenient to all the TransPacific air routes.
 We believe that the establishment of North Pacific air route to the Orient is clearly required by the tional interest
 We firmly convinced that to adopt the Examiner proposal for a single North Pacific air route Can ada via the Twin Cities would seriously retard the de- VelOpment of the West
 Since all portions of the United States be better served by al-AmeIican route to the Orient via the Seattle-TacOma gateway, the interests of the entire Western half of the United States should not be subor dnated to fore gn route to the prejudice of the tional interest
 We urge that all-American North Pacific air route to the Orient be established through the natural Pacific Northwest gateway.
 WESTERN BLOC(K)
 Naturally the Western States going to push the Coast cities for their Oriental outlets Go West Young Man, is still their motto, the East is pretty well ganzed and needs very little of what the West has to offer Nevertheless the East does need outlet petitive outlet to the Orient through Alaska and Can ada by which Alaska also be served from the East
 Normally Alaska and does make it's purchases on the Pacific Coast if possible but the route planned by the SeattleTacoma groups would in way be benefi- cial to Alaska The only stop would be at base in the Aleutians
 corporation may spread itself over the whole world may employ one hundred thousand people yet the average person will form his judgment of the poraon through his contact with individual If this individual is rude inefficient, 1t will require lot of courtesy and efficiency to the bad impression Every member of organization who in any capacity comes in contact with the public, is salesman the impression he makes is an advertisement good orI A,,fhn T1ol>rO
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07

marketing and stood quiet Tor months. Finally came an order for a barge load of heating oil and the plant owner started pumping it out of storage. Suddenly the big tank collapsed.
 Tco Much Authority
 The oil mans motor-powered pump silently pulled out the h- quid and built up a vacuum inside the tank. Being in a position to plug up a vent line and call down the forces of nature of destroy property and waste merchandise is too much authority for a mud dauber. To be perfectly frank, the more l observe the workings of the OPA, the surer I am that suctI authority as it has is too much for anybody.
 Right now our governmental price fixers have the vent line closed on some exceptionally tie' structures and the pump has al ready started. People who buy machines shall not pay more for them," says government, but (With government consent people who manufacture machines must pay more, much more, for every hour of effective labor, and for every pound of processed material.
 Strong for Service
 I am in favor of workers getting high wages. The more take-home pay Americas factory workers earn and get, the more food and feed stuff our farmers will sell. N means prosperity. Just the same, natures laws are memorable. If wages keep going up, somebody'd better uncork that priceline or business is sure to collapse. Some firms have crumpled already and more are in jeopardy.
 Americas big manufacturing concerns have some strength; of course they do. They need finan- cial strength to navigate economic storms, race with competition and meet payrolls on schedule. The more strength they have the morel useful they are. That oil man'A tank had great deal of strength too; was useful because it was strong, but it buckled because of a vacuum.
 Sublime Vandalism
 Big corporations have to be eff ficient. If they grow extravagant, a lot of small concerns with lower overhead stand ready to undersell them and take their trade. Accord ingly, big firms must operate on thin margins of profit. Figurative- ly, they are tight. They can be pumped down" by holding their prices and boosting their costs, Ford declares a S27 net loss orP every new car sold at prices fixed by government.
 Nearly everybody knows that advantage over foreign lands is based on mass production and volume sales, things we have
The Nome nugget., 1946-01-07
FOR ALASKA?

In our latest mail we received the following resou- tions the product of eleven Western States The Vest States Council and twenty-two Senators:
 WESTERN STATES COUNCIL
 RESOLUTION
 Air Transportation i'll Eleven States RESOLVED, that the Board of Directors of the West States Council approve the following fivepoint pro- gram for the improvement and development of air transportation in the eleven western states:
 l. Approval and support of the Air Route through the mountain states via Great Falls to Edmonton and Alaska.
 2. Approval and support of air transportation in Alaska which would give the territory to and from air gateways at Seattle Great Falls and Mnne- apolis-St Paul.
 3. Support and approval of the Oriental Route through the Seattle-Tacoma gateway to Alaska and across the North Pacific to the Orient
 4. Approval and support of the Trans-Pacfc Gen. tra Route with terminals at San Francisco and Los An gees.
 g. Approval and support of local air service between California points and Hawaii and between Pacific Northwest points and Hawaii.
 The following resolution has been signed by the P Senators of the eleven western States:
 We the Senators from the eleven western States slider vital to the most effective development of com merce between the United States and the Orient that Western and Pacific States be afforded the most
Evening star., 1946-01-05
RondIe Highlands Unit
Asks More Buses

The Randle Highlands Citizens
Association voted last night to re-
quest prewar bus service by Capital
Transit Co. Specifically, Mrs. E. B
Morris, making the motion, asked
that service be extended beyond
Sousa Bridge and that 10-minute
schedules be restored.
1t was decided to send letters of
appreciation to agencies which aided
the community Christmas tree
project and nonmembers who con-
tributed are to receive honorary
membership cards.
The treasurer reported a balance
of $126.2s. Ely Busada, president,
presided at the meeting, held at the
Orr School, Twenty-second and
Prout streets Sc.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
College Credits to Cut
Navy Flight Troininq

Candidates between IS and %
years old who successfully complete
two academic years at an accredited
college by March / may enter di-
rectly into the Navy's VS. flight
training program, it was announced
today.
Heretofore, all successful candi-
dates were required to pursue a por-
ton of their curriculum under Navy
jurisdiction. Applicants. who meet
the revised educational requirement
will be enlisted Immediately as
aviation cadets and ordered to a
pref1ight school.
Other requirements for entrance
In the program remain the same
the Washington office of naval
officer procurement, 1920 @ street
NV, announced.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Chemical Society Sets Up
$4,000 for FeIIoWships

The American Chemical Society
today announced 1t will award fell
lowships totaling $4,000 during
1946 and 1947 to aid in training
chemists and chemical engineers.
Bradley Dewey, president, said
"predoctoral" students whose work
was interrupted by war will receive
S100, 900. The remainder will go to
holders of doctors degrees who de-
sire to devote one Jr two years to
research and teaching.
The predoctoral fenowships will
carry an annual stipend of $1,000
for single candidates and 81 800 for
married candidates, plus $500 for
tuition and laboratory charges. Sc
lection will be based largely on
Sacrifices and contributions to the
war effort with special considera-
ton for those who began graduate
work before entering war service.
Postdoctoral fellowships will carry
a stipend of $4,000 annually, with
the understanding that institutions
at which they study will provide an
additional sum, presumably at least
81 900, for teaching.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Services at Cathedral
Attended by 1882

The Very Rev. John w. Suter
dean of Washington Cathedral, re-
ports that 1882 persons attended
1,150 cathedral services in 1945.
Making the report yesterday
Dean Suter said:
"We may we'll expect a deepen.
ing of religious thought and feel
ing in these times, when the aver
age man is brought face to face
with a few ultimate questions.
He reported 161, 900 visitors came
to the Cathedral during am. tc
S pan. visiting hours.
The Cathedral, on which no new
construction has taken place since
1942, is now conducting a building
campaign with the immediate OBJ
jective of at least $5,000,00 to COM
plete the nave and south transept
Dean Suter said.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Restaurant License
Case Deferred q Week

Louis Baumholtz. charged with
operating an unlicensed restaurant
in the 1900 block of Pennsylvania
avenue NV, was granted a con-
tinuance of one week yesterday in
Municipal Court to allow his newly
retained counsel time to prepare a
defense.
When it came into court last week,
the case brought a protest from
Assistant Corporation Counsel
Robert Wise, who said the defendant
had been operating without license
since September %, that his Office
was not notified earlier.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
lMiddIe-CIass Births
Below Both Poor
And Rich Families
BY THOMAS r.. HENRY

Americas middle class, education
ally and economically, may be. on
Its way out.
Birth-rate statistics analyzed by
the Population Reference Bureau
here show that during the last Is
years it has failed by 10 per cent
to reproduce itself while the poor,
with little education, have nearly
doubled their numbers and the rich
have come out even.
Says DR.. Guy Irving Burch
director of the bureau: IF we divide
all native white women from 45
to 40 years old into three nearly
equal groups, we find that the third
whose homes ranged from under
IS to SIS monthly rental value, had
more than twice as many children
per woman as women in the same
age group whose homes ranged from
$40 to 500 or more monthly rental
value.
Lower Group Overreplaced.
"The lowest economic third OF oul
families has overreplaced by rs pei
cent while the others underreplacec
by 10 per cent. The birth rate
of the higher economic third, the
monthly rental of whose homes was
500 or more, held it's own. But
this wealthy group is relatively small
and its birth rate per woman was
only about half as high as that
of the lower economic third.
THE economic groups that lost
the most ground in their birthrates
were the great middle class-namely
families the monthly rental value OF
whose homes ranged from $40 to STA
1t is the middle group of this gen.
eral group, families the monthly
rental value of whose homes ranged
from $50 to $40, who lost the most
ground"
Sees Pace Accelerated.
DR.. Burch found much the same
picture when he analyzed the BIRTH
rates from the standpoint of the
education of mothers. He found
that women with no schooling what
soever had an average of about -four
children each, while high school
graduates sank to less than two and
college graduates to an average of a
little more than one each.
While this general trend in BIRTH
rates has been noted for more than
rs years, DR.. Burch says, it now
seems to be proceeding at con-
siderably accelerated rate.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
JapC Cabinet Posipones
Discussion Of PURGE
Ordered by Macarthur
BY the Associated Press.

6S tne AssOClhteu FIcSB.
TOKYO, Jan. 5.--Premier Kijuro
Shideharas storm-tossed cabinet
weathering the first shock of Gen
MacArthur's political purge, today
postponed until tomorrow a sched-
uled emergency session to discuss
ways Of compliance.
The cabinets chief secretary indi-
Gated the government might at
tempt to remain in power by re-
organization rather than resigning
en- masse. Tokyo newspapers specu-
lated that the new Allied directives
would leave untouched only the
Premier himself and Foreign Minis.
ter Shigeru Yoshida.
The secretary, Daizaburo Tsugita
who may himself be out Of a job as
the result of the drastic Allied or
ders to eliminate all who led Japan
into war. said that drafting of emer-
gency imperial ordinances to carry
out the directives had delayed the
session scheduled today.
Shidehara Is Ill.
Shidehara, still confined to his
home by cold, was not expected te
attend tomorrow's meeting, and the
question of ministerial designations
was not officially on the schedule
Tsugita reported. Unofficial discus
sion of the problem appeared in
evitable, however.
Discussing the prospective purge
with Japanese newsmen, Tsugits
gave the impression, they reported
that the cabinet would try to carry
on after removal of several minis
ters.
The newspaper Yomiuri named
Tsugita as a former leader of the
Imperial Rule Assistance Associa-
ton, one of the organizations whose
members are denied. by the new
Allied DEGREES, any public office.
The Tokyo press, hailing the Or
ders as heralding a new day for ia
pan, said they would hit such mer
as Baron Kantaro Suzuki, who wa:
Premier when Japan surrendered
and Prince Higashi-Kuni, the first
Premier under the occupation.
Suzuki, president of the Privy
Council, was president of the I'm
perial Rule Assistance Political AS.
sociation while Premier. Member.
ship in that is grounds for remova
from office under the new directives
Served on War Council.
Both Suzuki and Hieashi-Kun
served as members of the Supreme
War Council.
A shattering effect on some DO.
litical parties seemed inevitable
The newspaper Asahi said the or.
ders would eliminate IL of the 1!
general affairs members of the in.
fluential Progressive party.
Rikizo Hirano, high Official o,
the Socialist party, predicted tn,
Progressive party would be de.
stroyed. the so-called Liberal party
will collapse" and the Socialis'
party may become "the major party
in the Diet"
The government began compiling
list of persons to be removed from
office. The list will be submitted t.
Gen. Macarthur for approval befor,
being announced.
Interest was high in the prospec.
tive changes in the Diet, constituted
almost entirely Of holdovers from
warning days.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Missionary to Speuk
lat Mt. Vernon Church

Miss Gertrude Merrill, returned
missionary from Africa, will speak
at 7 pm. tomorrow at the Mount
Vernon Place Methodist Church to
the young people.
The subject for discussion at the
forum tomorrow morning Is to be
"The Church Must Underwrite the
Peace"
Dr.. John w. Rustin will continue
his series Of studies on the Bible
Wednesday night devotional.
The Church School Workers
Conference will meet at 8 pm
Wednesday.
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Weschier Reelected

Maurice E. Weschler, representing
the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, was reelected chairman
of the District of Columbia Council
of Engineering and Architectural
Societies at their meeting last night
in the Cosmos Club. Leo H. Cleary
of the American Institute of Elec-
trical Engineers was elected vice
chairman and Henry Austin of the
American Association Of Engineers
secretary.treasurer.
Evening star., 1946-01-05

to any of them. They were accus-
toned to Bill Green's pious plati-
tudes, as unctious as any Congress
mans. They were familiar with
the righteous Presbyterian out
bursts of Phil Murray. Some of
them had heard John L. Lewis de-
liver one of Catos more fiery ad-
dresses to the Romans in a manner
that must have made Cato in his
grave turn green with envy. But
they hadn't heard anything quite
like the language of Walter P.
Reuther.
Tendency Stronger in CLIO.
The, incident is significant of
something that is happening in the
American labor movement. In the
past we've been accustomed to a
distinct difference between IN e
American labor movement and that
of Great Britain. The British labor
leaders have welcomed, or at least
received, the assistance of outstand-
ing intellectual" who have desired
to associate themselves with the
movement. No such alliance has
come to pass in this country. But
now it appears that American labor
Is raising up group of intellectuals
of its own. The tendency to do this
is more marked in the CIO, but is
not lacking in the AFL.
Prof. c. Wright Mills of the Uni
Versity of Maryland has been dig
ging into the subject. He discovers
that 80 per cent of CIO union lead
ers and 16 per cent of AFL leaders
are college men. Three per cent of
both groups have had postgraduate
training.
Not much more than half of
Americas labor leaders came by
birth from the ranks of labor-62
per cent in the case of the AFL and
Sc per cent in the case of the CIO.
Surprisingly, II per cent of the AFL
and Is per cent of the CIO leaders
had farmers for fathers and, per-
haps more surprisingly, 10 per cent
Of AFL and "a per cent of CIO lead
ers had businessmen for fathers.
Average Age Differs.
incidentally, the professor found
q remarkable difference in the aver
age age of the two groups-55 years
in the AFL, ~ years in the CIO
Thirty-two per cent Of the AFL
leaders range from so years to 70
and beyond, but CIO has only per
cent above 60.
The presence in CIO leadership
of this proportion of college-b bred
youth may account for the turn be-
ing taken in CIO policy, the basing
Of its appeal to the public on the
broad ground of national economy
rather than the immediate interest
of its enrolled members. Hence the
sweeping declaration of the auto
workers leaders that no wage in
crease will be accepted if it cannot
be had without an increase in prices.
Many of Americas old-line labor
leaders look on this new philosophy
with frank skepticism and say they
want no part of it. But is it prov
ing effective?
DIR. .Gallup's Finding.
DR.. Gallup has been looking into
that matter and has published the
results of his questioning. He says:
while substantial majority of
the voting public thinks the workers
in General Motors should be given
an increase in wages =. if the
public were settling the strike, the
wage raise would be approximately
Is per cent" Excluding citizens who
had no opinion, the poll-takers
found 10 per cent in favor of some
Evening star., 1946-01-05
Jap Campo Commando
Admits GI Execution;
Says He Lost Head
BY the Associated Press.

YOKOHAMA, Jan. 5.-Tearful 1t
Kel Yuri told an American Military
Commission today he "lost his head
when he ordered the bayonet execu-
ton of Pvt. Noah c. Heard, Salinas
Calf, at the Omuta prison camp
but insisted his act was tacitly con-
doned by American officers i'm
prisoned there.
Everything happened so fast !
can not remember clearly" the 27-
year-old camp commandant testified
at his war crimes trial, which soon
afterward was recessed until Mon
day.
g., Yuri said he decided to kill Heard
after his sixth escape and recapture
because he was "incurable." Such
drastic punishment is permitted
under japanese penal law and Heard
earlier had been warned he would
be put to death if he persisted in
his. escape attempts, the. COM
mandant declared.
Mind Confused.
His mind was confused by his own
decision to commit hara-kiri If he
let a prisoner get away, he added
and by repeated warnings from
higher authorities against permit
ting any Of his charges to escape.
Then in attempting to decide
what to do with Heard, Yuri said
he asked Capt. Achilles Tisdale and
other senior American prisoners
What do?" And understood Capt.
TiSdale's reply "Okay." to be consent
to Heard's death. The others nod
ded. he said.
Yuri testified he asked his guards
later Who will bayonet himP" and
Pvt. Nagai answered, "I will"
Yuri wept during much of his
testimony When 1t was concluded
and the prosecution declined ques-
tioning,, he was permitted to make
q lengthy statement to the court.
Four Suspects Surrender.
Meanwhile, supreme Allied head
quarters at Tokyo announced that
four Japanese had been surrendered
to Sugamo prison, suspects in war
Evening star., 1946-01-05
DR.. B. J. Bush to Speak
At CHEVY Chase Church

DR.. Benjamin J. Bush, the Pres
byterian representative with the
World Council of Churches. will
speak at II am. Sunday at the
Chevy Chase Presbyterian Church
DR.. Bush spent months visiting suf-
fering churches in Europe. His
subject will be 1.-THE Europe That
We Face"
Mrs. Joy Elmer will be the speaker
at the Thursday dinner conference
Her subject will be Lets Take a
Look at Africa"
Evening star., 1946-01-05
On the Other Hand.
American Labor Seen Developing
Own Group of Intellectual Leaders

wage increase and 27 per cent op-
posed to any increase. The raise
favored ranged from less than 10
per cent up to the 80 per cent de-
manded by the workers.
How much of this rather satisfac-
tory showing, from the standpoint
of the workers, Is due to their atti-
tude on price increases cannot be
told, since that wasn't mentioned
by the poll-takers. But 1t could be
due in some degree to a remarkably
vigorous international campaign
which Reuther and his associates
carried on-in words much shorter
than those quoted above.