davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-11-05
Equilibrium of Power
By Georee Fielding Eliot

CHICAGO, Nov. 5.-We are seeing
more and more clearly that the estab-
lishment of what Harold Nicolson calls
n just equilibrium of power" is an es-
sential prerequisite to the building OF the
peace temple of our hopes and dreams.
It is impossible to negotiate reasonably
and calmly in an atmosphere charged
not only with mistrust but with fear.
The mistrust may be alleviated with the
passage of time, provided that. mean
while, the practical opportunities for
the mistrustful parties to do each other
irreparable injury are removed. or at
least reduced to calculated minima.
r X y
But it is clear that as long as we on
the one hand hold an atomic threat
above the head OF the Russians, and as'
long as they on their part remain In
position to begin a swift overrunning
of western Europe and the Middle East.
the making of o settled peace Is I'M
possible, or at least unnaturally dtmcult.
What is required is the establishment OF
an equilibrium of power so that neither
party can do the other any serious IN
Jury without warning.
Again to be precise just what is neces-
sary to reach this equilibrium? Obviously
there are two complementary neces-
stiles: ID that the Russians should not
be in a position to overrun Western
Europe or the Middle East without
lengthy preparations; (2) that the
United States should not be in posi-
ton to launch decisive atomic attacks
against Russia without lengthy pre-
parations.
The first necessity is matter Of
troop disposition. As long as the Rus
SLAMS continue to maintain 40 full
strength divisions and large depots OF
military stores and weapons In Germany.
Austria, Hungary and Poland, while the
total Anglo-American strength in West
ern Europe does not exceed the equiva-
lent Of 10 divisions, successful ground
defense of the long line from the Baltic
to the Mediterranean is not very bright
prospect, and the Russians may indeed
entertain hopes of being able to overrun
the West rapidly enough to prevent the
build-up of our air power In time to
make effective attacks on their lines
Of communication.
Evening star., 1946-11-05

But 1t should be noted that for the
Russians-everything depends on salts
faction, that Is. on the troops stationed
in forward positions and on the con-
tents of the forward depots. If the Rus
SLAMS had to depend for decisive Often
sive on troops and supplies moving from
Soviet home territory, they could not
count on pushing us out of Europe be-
fore we had time to react effectively
with ground and air forces. Indeed, in
the present state Of European land COM
munications, it Is doubtful whether the
Russians could, starting from their own
frontier, build up a striking force along
the Rhine or even the Elbe any faster
than we could do so across the sea from
would be very great that they could fail,
great enough to be powerful brake
upon their calculations Hence a reduc-
ton Of the Russian armies of occupa-
ton and military depots in Eastern and
Central Europe to a point where they
are no more than equal in strength to
the Anglo American forces on the Con-
tinent-that is, sufficient merely for oc-
cupation duties that the United States,
it seems to me, could seriously consider
the number of bombs we possess and per-
haps enter into negotiations looking to
the dismantling of part of them, so that
the number remaining in hand would
be insufficient, for immediate decisive
attack on Russian vital centers.
- \
Once these two steps have been taken,
the military position would be that the
Russians could not, without extensive
preparations which would give ample
warning, attempt to overrun Western
Europe-and similar reductions Of the
Russian armies in Trans-Caucasia could
give corresponding security as regards
the Middle East. On the other hand, We
could not, without extensive prepara-
tions which would give ample warning,
resume manufacture Of atomic bombs
and prepare for an atomic attack on
Russia.
Neither mobilization by the Russians
or the resumption OF atomic production
by us could under these conditions be
concealed from the trained eye.
(copyrisht, lo46J
Evening star., 1946-11-05

nounced before either technical or
diplomatic problems were properly
weighed encourages speculation that
the AAF may have been thinking
more OF the prestige to be derived
from such feat than OF possible
international repercussions. Yet
one ill-advised excursion might well
undo weeks of studied diplomacy.
The times are too tense to be launch
ing any military displays not care
fully, aligned with American foreign
policy. Administration officials have
acted wisely in deferring the flight
pending further consideration of all
the factors involved.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
The Voting Tradition

The act of voting Is older than
history. Perhaps 1t dates back to
the first use of the human voice for
organized social purposes. The very
existence of even the most notably
primitive community obviously de-
pends upon individual choice. One
man elects to be associated with
another. The resultant contract Is
the fundamental basis OF a village
or a city or nation. Indeed, If the
great circles of Avebury and Stone
henge were parliamentary centers, as
some writer's believe, vast empires
rose in the distant Stone Age as an
expression OF the willingness of large
numbers OF people to live and work
together, not under arbitrary COM
pulsion but deliberately as vol
unteers.
A vote in ancient times was vow.
That is shown in the fact that the
word "vote" derives from the Latin
"votum," meaning a pledge or q
promise. In It's original aspect, the
term implied a solemn commitment
on the part of the "elector" to a
person or a principle preferred. It
followed that the actual casting OF
the ballot was a proceeding Of dig
nifty and distinction, not casually
performed. In Greece, marked and
unmarked shells were distributed to
the citizens for their convenience in
registering their convictions. Under
the Gabinian law of 139 BIC, the
Romans were provided with carved
pieces of wood which they deposited
in urns furnished to receive them
in designated booths. Ballot"
comes from the Italian "ballotta,"
referring to a small ball Of clay or
metal colored white or black for
"yes" or mo" Secrecy in voting was
practiced in India three centuries
before the start of the Christian
era. The Indian tribes in America
in pre- Columbian days developed q
system of balloting which was as
democratic as any more recently
invented. When they saw the set
tiers in Massachusetts voting in 1884,
they understood what was going on.
But is was the privilege Of the
Colonial Americans to give the rest
Of the world lesson in the expany
sion of voting to issues and problems
which earlier had not been dealt
with generally in that manner. The
town meetings of New England
turned on popular discussion and
decision as a wheel turns on an axle.
A similar rule prevailed in the South,
even at Jamestown, where Captain
John Smith was elected president
of the Council in 1908. The Federal
Constitution reflects the tradition OF
1--WE, the people" in every particular
save that which, in effect, dis
franchises the population Of the
Nations Capital. Today's plebiscite
will be an honorable protest against
that political, and fiscal discrimina-
tfOn.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
In Pioce of Strikes
By David Laurence.
From lie Devoir tMontresD.

from lie DeVoir tMontfeAD.
1t is quite probable that the demands
of workers may be quite reasonable. But
it is not question of determining who
has had the better arguments in this
discussion as it is to discover what is
in the best interests of the workers and
of the public, in the end the same thing.
Strikes are an arm which is not only
permitted but which is sometimes neces-
sary, and the unions cannot be blamed
for a reasonable distrust of employer
promises. But the strike remains an
extreme measure, with consequences so
serious, because of the conflicts which
they arouse and the results that they
bring about, that there is seldom reason
for being pleased about them. That Is
why a system of arbitration must be
found that will guarantee the rights
of both sides; system that will pro-
tect the workers against the exploiting
employer and also the honest employer
and the worker against agitators; .
system which will be worth while not
only when labor Is scarce but also in
periods of unemployment; q system
which recognizes not only the rights but
also the duties of both sides, whether OF
the employer, the worker or the govern
ment.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
A Crucial Meetinq

The immediate business OF the new
meeting of the Council of Foreign
Ministers Is to pass upon the flnal
texts of treaties for Italy. Romania,
Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland. For
almost three months these treaties
engaged the attention of the twenty
.one nations that took part in the
recently adjourned Paris Peace Con-
ference. Because the conference
could only recommend, however, and
because the recommendations are
subject to the great-power veto, the
world must now hold its breath
while waiting to see whether Russia
is in a mood to make concessions.
If we are to Judge solely by what
was said at Paris, the outlook is far
from bright. At any rate, in an en-
bittered speech at the close of the
twenty-one-nation meeting, Foreign
Minister Molotov strongly indicated
that Russia would refuse to accept at
least two of the 15-to-6 conference
decisions. One of these has to do
with the nature of the international
regime proposed for Trieste, and the
other would write into the Balkan
treaties a provision calling for free
navigation on the Danube and ac-
ton to establish internationalized
supervision of the rivers traffic.
BY a two-thirds majority vote, the
Paris Conference agreed with Brit
ain and the United States that the
Trieste regime should be headed by
strong United Nations governor
subject only to the Security Council.
Russia, on the other hand, supported
Yugoslavia by holding out for gov
ernor responsible to an assembly
popularity elected by the people of
the area, which is predominantly
Yugoslav-a loose arrangement OBJ
viously open to domination by the
Moscow -oriented Tito government.
AS for the Danube-despite another
two-thirds vote by. the conference
Mr.. Molotov insisted that the dec
laration on free navigation had no
place in the treaties and that the
subject concerned only the countries
through which the river flows.
What the world will be anxious to
see now is whether Mr.. Molotov is
going to adhere to these views or
whether he is going to show a more
conciliatory spirit. In the past few
weeks, Notwithstanding his recent
ill-tempered speech before the Gen
eral Assembly in New York, there
have been some hopeful signs that
he may be willing to unbend bit.
If he does not, If he persists in de-
manding that the future Of Trieste
and the Danube be hammered out
Evening star., 1946-11-05
This Changing World
By Consfanfine BroWn

State Department officials are work.
ing hard preparing briefs and data for
Secretary Byrnes regarding the peace
treaty with Germany, which diplomats
regard as the most dif1cult subject on
the agenda of the Council Of Foreign
Ministers.
Unless the Soviet government agrees
to live up to the commitments and
agreements made In 1943 at Teheran, no
one can forecast how these preliminary
negotiations might develop. No German
representatives are expected to be in
vited to New York, since there is no
government in the Reich similar to that
existing in other defeated Axis countries.
When the question Of Germany was
discussed at Teheran in 1943, the Big
Three agreed that the German borders
Of August, 1899, would form the future
boundaries of the Reich. This meant
that the Reich would be allowed to re-
main intact, but the Allies would take
the necessary measures to prevent a re-
currence of German aggression In the
future by adopting drastic denazification
and demilitarization measures.
~
The matter of Germany was taken up
again at Potsdam after the collapse OF
Hitler and his government. At that time
the Russians had occupied all Of the
eastern portions Of Germany up to Ber-
lin and had extended to Saxony and
Thuringia. Because of the inevitable mil
itary necessity, the presence Of Russian
troops was required in these areas. But
Prime Minister Stain, who was re-
minded by President Truman and Prime
Minister Attlee of the informal Teheran
pledges, said the matter would have to
be considered when the Allies decided
tostart the formulation of peace treaty
with Germany. The western govern
ments accepted this as an indication
that the presence of Russian troops in
the occupied area would, like our own,
be Of a temporary nature and not aimed
ut any territorial annexations.
Since the Potsdam meetings, many
things happened, however. The Soviet
government has taken over East Prus-
STA and shows no intention of leaving
that agricultural section of the Reich.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
An Autumn Leaf

Today a brittle Leaf Of autumn teH
And scudded on the tcdlk. sotnd.
,Dhipped and dry,
So poignantly I had no scords to tell
The thoughts that came NTH it's long.
whispered sigh.
/ sought to snare the pathos IN the sound
With subtle tcords but kneto tcds
berett, -..--.-
For In my ,oeiohted net looked snd
found
The echo of haunting voice suast LETT.
where are the pords that could sIpress
The secret essence Of the 0atunsn's
grief,
TO hold in rhyme the unexplained dis.
tress
That hopsrs IN ths scoks OF one DRY
leaf9 REID CROWELA
Evening star., 1946-11-05
Down Hill to Winter

Gone now is the flaming glory of
autumn. The reds, scarlets, purple
and bronze banners are falling from
the trees and adding their bit to the
brown carpet on hardwood ridges.
Black frosts have laid blighting
hands on meadows, mowings and
pastures. The sun rises reluctantly
a little later each morning. If 1t Is
a brown-gray day all the landscape
has a peculiarly light hue; the SCOT
streaked stratus clouds hang low on
the mountain brows and hill heads.
There are some days of intense sun
shine while the sun circles low
across a sea-blue sky. Then for a
few fieeting hours one can see great
distances in the haze free air.
November is a brown month. The
carpet of grass is drab and Its pile
is bent and PROSTATE; the leaves on
the scrub oaks hang in motionless,
dispirited abjectness on quiet days.
The shocks of tan-brown corn stand
like tepees in long, ordered rows. A
few crows gather on the moving and
talk in desultory fashion; squirrels
poke in the leaves beneath the oaks,
hunting little more food for winter
caches. Chickadees and nuthatches
come around the farm buildings to
see If there are crumbs on the win
dow sills.
To him who loves Nature Novem-
Der Is brown, but 1t Is not sad
month. There is an inexorable
rhythm to the cycling seasons and
he who is philosophic of mind knows
that after the time of harvest comes
the period of rest. There Is still
beauty in the countryside. Rail
fences and stone walls make pat
terms on the land: on the hilltops
trees are etched against the sunset
sky. Creeks and rivers are silver
lines in valleys and sloughs. Days
grow shorter; dusk telescopes quickly
into darkness. 1t is the time when
the days run down hill to winter.
Evening star., 1946-11-05

The struggle for control Of the
Democratic Party. which has manifested
itself more and more during the political
campaign now ended, Is expected to In
tensify early in the new year. Largely,
In the opinion of some aStute Democratic
leaders, 1t will be = contest between
President Truman and his lieutenants.
particularly Democratic National Chair
man Hannegan, on the one hand, and
former Secretary Of Commerce Henry
A. Wallace, Senator Pepper of Florida
and Jimmy" Roosevelt, son Of the late
President and Mt present Democratic
State chairman in California, on the
other Far from being struggle be-
tween two groups. one OF which taxes
. more conservative position and the
other a more radical position, it is ex-
pected the race will be over which, the
Truman group or the Wallace group,
can move farthest to the left.
The slogan of the Democrats-and OF
both these groups-will be a continue
ton of the Roosevelt line Mr.. Wallace.
Senator Pepper and others in their
groups already have charged that Presi-
dent Truman has deviated from Roose-
velt policies-though in what respect 1t
is dif1icult for the ordinary man in the
street to see.
Mr.. Truman, advised by Mr.. Hanne-
gan, has apparently done all he possibly
could to-aappease the leftists In the
Democratic Party and to keep them
lined up. Only on one occasion did he
oppose the. demands Of labor and
II cx+s onfiao-uhAn a.
tion's railroad workers voted to strike
and were about to walk out. Then the
President called upon Congress to give
him law which would let him draft the
railroad workers into the military
service and compel them to continue on
their jobs. This proposal was denounced
by labor organizations generally-and
particularly by the railroad brother
hoods and the CIO.
The President encouraged labor in its
demands for wage increases after the
war ended. He vetoed the Case labor
bill, when 1t came to him from Congress.
because labor was opposed to It, More
recently-on the verge Of today's elec-
tions-the President yielded to the de-
mand of John L. Lewis, head Of the
mine workers union, for a reopening
of the contract entered into between
the mine workers and the Government
for the operation of the coal mines.
Further, 1t is reported the administra-
ton will in the end give Mr.. Lewis and
his union q considerable increase in
pay This will be q signal, in all prob
ability, for a new onslaught by the C1O
and other AFL unions all over the
country for increased WaQeS
Mr.. wallace and his supporters will
take advantage of the unpopularity
which has come to the President be-
cause Of conditions In the country with
SHORTAGES Of all kinds of commodities,
Evening star., 1946-11-05

The name Of its capital, Koenigsberg,
was recently changed to Kaliningrad
in honor OF the late President Of the
Soviet Union. The coal-rich Silesia and
the once agriculturally prosperous Pome-
rania were handed over to Poland rs
compensation for Polish territories
which the Beirut government ceded to
the U. s. s. r.
And there are no indications that
either the Russians or the Poles have
the slightest intention of divesting them
selves of this war loot Quite the con-
which at the end Of the hostilities was
estimated at about 100000, has been
reduced to a mere fraction Of that num-
Der. Able-bodied young German men and
women have been deported to the
U. s. 8. r., while the less useful indi-
viduals have been forcibly encouraged"
to emigrate.to the western areas of the
Reich
According to available figures, there
is today no more than 10 per cent Of
the German population in that province.
A similar situation is said to exist in
East Prussia. Details are not available
because the iron curtain is more tightly
drawn in the Russian than in the Polish
zone.
Under these circumstances, the Amer
lean delegates, whose task it is to draft
the most important peace treaty in Eu-
rope, fear that they will be told by the
Soviet delegation that the Teheran
agreement requires some drastic changes
in order to conform to present
conditions" There have been some
straws in the wind that this would be
the attitude of the Soviet government.
Secretary Byrnes and his counselors
fear that it would take a good deal of
persuasion to get Russia and her Polish
satellite to move out Of the territories
they are now occupying in Germany.
They also suspect that unless there is
a drastic change of heart in Moscow
toward the rest of the world, the Soviet
government will insist on keeping most
of the areas which, for all intents and
purposes, are Russian and Polish prov
inceS
Evening star., 1946-11-05
A Form Of InfIotion?

From the st. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Eugene O'Neills thesis in "The Ice
Man Cometh" is that people live by their
illusions. Meanwhile, it appears that
Mr.. O'Neill is living by other peoples
illusions that "The Iceman Cometh"
is worth four hours In time and $40
in cash.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
Replies to Franchise Critic

Replies to Franchise Critic
To the Editor of The Star:
George Bond Cochranis rebuttal to
District OF Columbia suffrage, October
IS, seems to indicate that democracy
is word, not condition. It's all right
for some people. Such a conclusion
puts one in mind Of the Communistic
state, where those in the higher places
accept democracy in practice but not
in name. A good illustration in point
has occurred several times recently,
when Russian ofIicials (and their wives)
have become indignant when subjected
to ordinary procedure in customs In
Spections, etc.
It is not probable that the average
American is aware of the needs of the
average Chinese. BY the same token,
but not so extreme, I doubt that a
Californian is much concerned with
the needs of Washingtonian. II the
latter Is expected to pay taxes and
fight wars, he at least should be afforded
the privilege of making the mistakes
which Mr.. Cochran contends are made
so frequently elsewhere.
As for our present unique position,
we do not seem to be overendowed with
equipment befittins the Capital of so
great Nation. Ever hear Of subways,
auditoriums and s. stadiums, Mr.. Coch-
ran? Are they just words, too?
JOSEPH T. REYNOLDS.
Evening star., 1946-11-05
Sees Trick in Decontrol

To the Editor OF The Star:
The recent well-publicized decontrol
of meats and other items has all the
earmarks Of q cheap political deal.
presume that most of the voters have
forgotten all about the fact that just be-
fore the election In 1874 rationing points
were removed on many items-just to
make every one feel happy-and that,
after the election, rationing promptly
was clamped on once more. They also
doubtless have forgotten how PWA and
public work expenditures always were
increased greatly by the New Deal just
before each election.
That the present decontrol policy Of
the administration ID just another of
these cheap tricks is quite evident from
q number of factors. Postmaster Gen.
eral Hannegan, up to two months be-
fore this election, was crying for the
retention of controls as loudly as any
Communist. But his position suddenly
was reversed and 1t is reported that he
was one of the principal advocates Of
decontrol at the Presidents conference
which finally decided on this procedure.
HENRY c. PARKER.
Evening star., 1946-04-07

white calla lilies, the bride was cos
TUNED in a gown Of white net with
satin bodice and veil. She was given
in marriage by her brother, Mr..
William Shivelhood, and Mrs. Mad
allyn Clicking Of Elizabeth, N. j., at
tended her sister as matron of hon.
or. Mrs. John CARRIER of Washing
ton acted as bridesmaid.
Serving as best man was Mr.. John
Evening star., 1946-04-07

P. Haskell and the usl1ers were Mr..
Mason DeLand, Mr.. Whitford Ches-
;on, Mr.. John Graber and Mr.. James
Shivelhood. brother of the bride.
Mr.. Hynson has just returned
from overseas duty, having served
as a lieutenant in the Seabees, sta
toned on Okinawa. The newlyweds
will make their home in Washing
ton.
Evening star., 1946-04-07

Ms W. Ho,Dard Ball Is the former Miss Angela Hosnsk
daughter OF Mrs. Pearl A. Hosins of South Bend Ind Mr.
Ball the Mr. and Fred Ball of this city,
marriage took place in South Bend
Nrs Robert c. Crckard j the bride of Ensign Crckard
U. S. M s. She is the former Miss Lucille Shlingburg,
daughter OF Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Shiingburg They
married IN the Ninth Street Christian Church.
Mrs. Ed0n L. Guilday married In Holy Name Church
to Gutduy OF Mr. and Mrs. Michael D. Guilddy. She
Laurence Murray.
Mrs. Arthur James Gouen j formerly Miss Lucille
May Little daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Little
riage Mr. Goue of Mr. and Mrs Gouen OF Wauregan,
Conn.,, took place in St. Francis XaUier's Church.
Evening star., 1946-04-07
Miss SbipeIbOOd
Recent Bride

Miss Jane shivelhood, daughter
Of Mrs. Helen E. Shivelhood of
Shamokin, Pa, and the late Mr..
Shivelhood, became the bride of Mr..
Thomas Hynson on Saturday, March
30. in Calvary Methodist Church.
The Rev. Orris G. Robinson OIL
ciated at o'clock In the evening.
Mr.. Hynson is the son of Mrs. B. T.
Hynson Of Washington and the late
Rev. Hynson. Following the cere-
mony, an informal reception was
held In the church parlor.
Carrying an arm bouquet of