davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-28
President Rios

All friends of American CO.
operation must mourn the untimely
death of Juan Antonio Rios, Presi-
dent of Chile since the autumn of
1941. He was man of significance
throughout the hemisphere. In his
own person he symbolized the liberal
point Z. view. As leader of the So
called Radical party, he opposed
both the reactionaries and the
extreme Communists. His attitude
toward social questions resembled
that of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Legend tells that President Rios
announced his intention to achieve
the highest office in the gift Of the
Chilean people while he yet was but
a schoolboy. Be the fact what it may,
a purposeful and logical trend is
discernible in his career from its
start. When seventeen, he already
had chosen the political philosophy
by which he was to abide to the
end-the middle, rational, humane
course. He received his law degree
at twenty-five, was Mayor of Con-
cepcion at twenty-nine, a Deputy
in the National Legislature at thirty
four, Senator at forty, Minister of
the Interior at forty-two. His talent
as a lawyer and his skill as an
economist were combined in his
services to mining, public housing
and banking. He sought to stimu-
late the production of prosperity by
the wise exploitation Of the resources
of the national mind as we'll as the
national terrain.
President Rios stood six feet four
inches tall. His height was sympto-
matte of the elevation of his views
above those of many of his con-
temporaries. He knew the past, but
he likewise saw far into the future.
The destiny of mankind, according
to his faith, was to be free-not
merely from dictators but from con-
ditions restrictive of human progress,
health and happiness. He was not
himself privileged to experience the
fulfillment Of his most ardent hopes.
Evening star., 1946-06-28
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0vn

ments of the Yugoslav troops on the
other side Of his line. He has asked
urgently for reinforcements.
The American Government has or
dered all available warships in the
Mediterranean concentrated at Trieste.
This sounds more imposing than it ac-
tually is The available fleet represents
10,0O0-ton cruiser and couple of de-
stroyers whose action radius is limited
to the Adriatic littoral
The British also have dispatched
number Of warships-mostly light units
to Trieste and Pola. Unquestionably
their presence will impress the inhabi-
tants Of the ports, but will not have any
effect on Marshal Tito, who is said to
have expressed himself cynically that
the American and British men of war
have been sent to the Adriatic ports to
evacuate the Morgan divisions, once the
Yugoslav Army starts to march,
+ \
Morgan's request for additional
ground forces has not been needed be-
cause of political considerations. AL
though neither the American nor the
British government is rich" in man
power in Europe, the Allied group on
the Morgan line could be easily REIN
forced by the addition of at least Two
divisions from other parts of Europe
The Morgan request was submitted
to the combined chiefs of staff in Wash
ington whose opinion is reported to
have been that he needed reinforce
ments to ward off a surprise which
might have unpleasant consequences to
the security of our forces.
From the strictly military point of
view the request should have been
granted. But the American State De-
partment and the British Foreign Office
oppose any troop movements at this time.
The diplomats are anxious to deal with
the situation by negotiation without
using clubs. They believe that the ar
rival Of $4,000 American British troops
might give an excuse to Tito to march
into the disputed area. In such a case
they have no doubt that the Yugoslav
dictator would have the full support of
the U. S. S. r. 1t would give Foreign Min
lister Molotov an excellent opportunity
to denounce the American and British
governments as having "provoked' an
incident with Tito.
Because the war is over, nominally
the combined chiefs of staff are reluc-
tant to mix up in diplomatic affairs and
have decided to give priority to diplo-
matte considerations rather than the Sc
curity of the forces which guard the
disputed areas
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Teachers Pay Dilemma

However well-intentioned the pro-
posal may be, the fact remains that
Senator McCarran's move to revive,
in modified form, his sliding scale
plan for increasing teachers salaries
serves to complicate further an
already confused situation and
thereby to magnify the danger that
teachers pay legislation will be lost
in the closing congressional shuttle
Instead of a weary Congress being
called upon to consider a simple pay
raise plan having the united support
of the Commissioners, the Board of
Education and the forty-od teach
ers' organizations campaigning for
higher salaries, it is now con-
frohted with the possibility of hav-
ing to weigh the merits of varying
formulas and plans. The prospect
is disturbing to those who appre-
ciate the urgency of keeping teach
ers' salaries at least on a par with
those of other civil servants.
The Board of Education and the
teachers groups originally advo-
Gated fiat $600-a-year increase.
The Commissioners countered with
a 14-per cent proposal to match the
increase which Congress approved
for Federal employees. After further
discussions between the Board of
Education and the Commissioners,
the latter recommended to Congress
a compromise plan for fiat $3.50 in
crease, the cost of which would
have been about the same as the
14-per cent raise, but which met the
teachers insistence that the larger
percentage boosts go to those in the
lower-pay grades.
It is estimated that the McCarran
plan would double the cost of the
compromise proposal to somewhere
in the neighborhood of $3,000000.
To add $1,500,0O0 to the school pay
roll at the very time that the con-
gressional conferees are forced to cut
nearly that amount from the school
budget, including funds urgently
needed to employ additional teach
ers and to build more c1assrooms for
the badly congested system, is
neither desirable nor rational. A
practical consideration of the legis-
lative realities would dictate that
attention be concentrated at this
Evening star., 1946-06-28
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

Senator Harley M Kilgore Of West
Virginia hopes to push through the
Senate the bill sponsored by leading
representatives of American science
and education for the creation Of a
National Science Foundation.
This is necessary, but not enough. The
atomic physicists, themselves divided
on many issues. are practically unani-
nous on one thing; namely, that
American scientific advancement is
slipping back from the extraordinary
achievements of the war. These were
the result OF close integration and team
work between the pure or exact scien-
lists, the technicians, the men who had
industrial or production know how %
and the Government. A remarkable
fellowship was thus created. which
solved the problem OF atomic fission
and produced the decisive weapon of
history.
This fellowship has been disinteerat-
ing since the pressure of the war re-
laxed. It's disintegration may be fate
full for American defense until the
problem of the abolition of atomic war
is solved. And it is delaying the con-
structive use OF atomic energy for
economic purposes. in which the scien-
fists as whole are -eminently in
terested.
Thus, the struggle as to how and by
whom atomic energy should be con-
trolled is not merely an international
issue. but domestic issue as we'll. The
heated fight over the relative merits of
the Mcmahon bill is a symptom. The
scientists, with their knowledge of the
necessary conditions of freedom for re-
search, are so bitterly opposed to Army
or brass" control that many of them
have practically gone on strike: the
Army, which rightly recognizes the vast
importance Of atomic energy to Ameri-
can defense until some generally and
credibly effective system of collective
security is created, is unwilling to relax
its hand, although in the sphere Of
creative economic application it is
largely q strangling hand.
Thus the great creative cooperation
which produced an apocalyptic weapon
Of destruction is not on hand to develop,
with anything like equal unity and en-
ergy, the peaceable potentialities of
atomic science. Can the Gordian Knot
be cut and the old cooperation be re-
stored?
1t will. of course, by the nature of our
economic system, be more difficult. But
our economic system had better get rid
of some of its traditional prejudices if
it wants to live much longer in this dy-
manic world. Some businessmen, who
have made habit of turning what they
Evening star., 1946-06-28

Are we, the supposed sensible American
people. harboring an incipient delusion? i?
Are our heads. as well as our prices, In
spiral of imitation?
u y x
The danger to this country of con-
slant talk of an inevitable war appears
in the comparison of public opinion in
various western nations, as shown in
Gallup polls. Many more people in this
country believe there will be war with
IN Is years than do Englishmen or
Frenchmen. American opinion is more
hostile to Russia than is British The
extraordinary acceptance of the idea of
future war is not so eagerly shared
by those who were close to the sights
and sounds of the past one.
If fatalism is to dominate American
thinking, it is easy to see the tragic end
of the present peace The task of those
who lead public opinion is not to add
to that faoalism, but to encourage Amer
leans to believe that peace is possible,
despite the difficulties involved. Other
wise, we may be the victims of our own
conquests.
Evening star., 1946-06-28

President Truman. who is following
the Paris Conference "blow-by-blow"
either by talking with Secretary of State
Byrnes by telephone or by reading the
secretary's "for the eye only" dispatches,
Is said to be aware that the Big Four
session is faced with the possibility of
complete collapse.
Unlike his procedure during the De-
cember conference at Moscow, Mr..
Byrnes now calls up his chief twice and
sometimes three times week and gives
him the low-down on his troubles.
In addition to these personal tele-
phone conversations which the most
recent developments in telephone Sc
curity" have made foolproof against
tapping" Mr.. Byrnes is sending Mr..
Truman full and complete daily cable
report on what develops at the secret
meetings between him and his Russian
or French and British colleagues.
The President Is in full agreement
with his Secretary of State that the
IStrian question must be settled on eth
nical grounds and, consequently, Italy
should retain that province. However,
he is willing to permit some sort of in
Standardization of the Trieste Harbor
provided the rest of the country remains
under the control of Italy.
*k x+
All efforts to change the point of view
of Mr.. Truman and Mr.. Byrnes for the
sake of "Allied unity" have failed The
President and the Secretary are most
anxious to see unity among all powers
re-established, but they are no longer
willing to purchase it at the expense of
sound principles or by depriving another
country of its just claims
Italy fought against us until Septem-
Der, 1943. Soon after we entered the
country her people did their best to
facilitate our task. In the opinion of
the President and Mr. Byrnes the Ital-
Ian people have already paid dearly for
the faults of Mussolini and his Fascist
regime. According to those in the conf
dence of President Truman and Secretary
Byrnes, this country cannot subscribe
to policy Of blind revenge, but must
DO Its utmost to see that the war is
liquidated on the basis of justice.
The gravity of the situation lies in
the possibility of Marshal Tito forcing"
the Trieste issue by coup OF either his
regular or irregular forces which have
infiltrated into Istria in large numbers
in the last few weeks.
1t. Gen. William o. Morgan, the area
commander of the American British
forces, has sent alarming dispatches
about the concentrations and move
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Opposes Barge Project

To the Editor OF The Star:
Your valuable Star casually mentioned
on June 81 that the Senate had "ap-
proved" an appropriation of $150,O0
for "the building of new and modernly
designed barge for the Water Gate
concerts"
Here is an item in an appropriation
bill that distinctly is not for any public
purpose, but mainly for a private group
for private gain. from which the public
but incidentally gains, and that to q
minor degree.
Those in authority are not content
with allotting valuable public prop
erty to private organization free of any
charge, from which the general public
is excluded unless it purchases admis-
sion, then compounds such uncalled- =
for generosity by giving it an added gift
of a s150,000 barge.
AS a District taxpayer I strenuously
protest against such legislative per-
version, and in such protest feel I am
not entirely alone. Of course, a $50, 900
item in an appropriation bill in these
billions-of dollars days is 50 infinitesi-
NAL as virtually to be overlooked, but
to my mind is a sizable sum, especially
when We consider that it is utterly
uncalled for. SAAdL. SALOMAN.
Editors Note: The barge is the prop
erty of the National Park Service. Its
use, of course, would be governed by
park service regulations.)
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Our Toxpuyers' Paradise

one reason which impels Senator
O'Mahoney to persist in seeking
agreement with the House on a
larger lump sum is that House
defeat of the lump-sum increase
yesterday now throws the District
budget out of balance. Instead of
a small surplus at the end of the
next fiscal year, the District would
incur, under the bill as it stands,
a deficit of nearly two and half
million dollars.
The situation is indicative of the
hopeless confusion which results
when the House repudiates, on the
one hand, the recommendation and
the earnest efforts of the members
whom it assigns to the detailed
study of the District pudgey and
follows, on the other hand, the mis-
informed, misleading and prejudiced
leadership of those who presume to
speak with authority on local mat
ters but who refuse to devote as
much as ten minutes a session to
getting the facts.
The defeat of the lump-sum in
crease in the House yesterday was
marked by repetition of many of the
same old absurdities regarding the
District that time has worn thin.
One very accurate statement was
made, however, by Representative
Tarver of Georgia in his unfriendly
reference to the District of Columbia
as taxpayers paradise" For Mr..
Tarver and many of his State
voting constituents who live here it
is, indeed, taxpayers paradise. A
large proportion of the people who
live and earn their living here and
who benefit by all the local tax
supported services of the municipal
ity pay no local taxes. They ride
free. The free ride is provided by
Mr.. Tarver and his colleagues, who
have specifically voted themselves
tax exemption while voting. tax
burdens for others to carry. And
in addition to such personal tax
exemption, half the land area is
tax exempt, not only in the case
of the property owned by the United
States Government, but the property
owned by foreign governments and
institutions of all sorts which choose
to locate here because this is the
American Capital. For the very
reason that Congress has made of
the District taxpayers paradise"
it is essential that Congress ap-
proach the matter of equitable
Capital financing with some regard
for the facts.
The Star agrees with Senator
O'Mahoney that a record vote in the
House, which showed 112 members
in favor of increasing the Federal
payment, is a most encouraging
indication of a growing appreciation
of the seriousness of the local fiscal
problem and willingness by sincere
men to find the fair and workable
remedy.
Evening star., 1946-06-28

call private enterprise" into what could
better be called amortization enter
prise" are afraid that atomic energy
Will replace sources of power, and ma
chimes for transmitting that power be-
fore they have paid their original in
vestment 10 times over.
They are also afraid of the socio-
economic implications in the ownership
OF atomic energy. Its secrets and its
control belong to Government and there
the effective ownership must and will
rest. Private firms eventually may have
access to the energy. but they will have
to rent 1t under conditions set and sup
ervlsed by Government. They will never
own 1t. Hence, in some quarters,
there appears to be silent sabotage of
its economic development.
Yet it holds within itself the greatest
possibilities since the dawn of the in
dustrial revolution, and possibilities even
more revolutionary for the raising of
the standard of living throughout the
globe
To cite but one. and one which is by
no means a pipe dream of the remote
future, it holds within itself the pos
sibilty OF regulating climate; of giving
temperate stability to such volatile cli-
mates as that of our eastern seaboard:
OF assuring rain in the exact quantities
required or desired in such areas as the
Midwestern Dust Bowl; of cooling torrid
zones and warming cold ones; of build
ing artificial barriers with the effect of
mountain ranges; in fact, of heating,
cooling, and air-conditioning. not houses,
but whole regions.
When one considers how relatively
large proportion Of the Soviet Union
Is inarable and uninhabitable, one
grasps from this single possibility the
vast Importance of atomic energy to
Russia. When one realizes how much
of our own country and the world is
desert, reclaimed insofar as it is re-
claimed by such costly and already
theoretically antiquated means as Boul-
der Dam and IVA; when one thinks of
the tremendous overcrowding of the
temperate zones of the earth, one can
see in this single possible use of atomic
energy an entirely new life of mankind.
Therefore, it seems to me, for the
sake OF reinstating creative co-opera-
ton. both for defense and for economic
development, we need not only a scien-
tine foundation, but new cabinet post.
a secretary of science, preferably a
civilian, and, all other things being
equal, a scientist.
For science will make or break the
world.
hv he ALI
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Not Wanted, but Necessary

From the New York Times.
Nobody in a land of abundance likes
the rationing system. The British, who
still have it, don't care for it. It means
more, perhaps, to the Viennese, Who are
on diet of 867 calories daily; to the
Poles, who had just had to divert 10000
tons of seed grain for immediate con-
sumption; to the Indians, to the Chi
nese. In hungry countries it spreads
the hunger more equitably In we'll
fed countries like our own it makes it
possible for us to help our neighbors
with the least inconvenience. When
earlier in the year, the famine crisis was
expected to last only few months.
there was a strong argument against
books and coupons. Now we know We
are in for long haul, just as we were
after Pearl Harbor. The peace of the
world, the fruits of victory, depend upon
our swift and effective action.
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Can We 7 rust Ourselves?
By Raym ond Moiey

A press association reports the follow
ing from Tsingtao: Thomas Cardinal
Tien said today he believed a third
world war was inevitable and that II
fought Immediately, or in the not too
distant future, it would save more lives
and avoid more destruction than q de-
layed war"
This is an extraordinary statement,
considering the traditional pacifism of
the Chinese and the dedication to peace
of the church of which the cardinal IS
a high dignitary. But 1t is only frank
expression of what is in the minds of
many people throughout the world. 1t
is a logical inference from what is
being said again and again in this
country.
If public opinion is to be played upon
day after day, week after week, by
those who say that two great ideologies
mean two worlds, and two worlds mean
war, the conclusion that the inevitable
war should be fought while the western
powers have the atomic bomb may come
to be generally accepted.
But let us see what further logical
inferences must follow. Let us follow
up the inevitable result of the war
which, the cardinal says, is inevitable.
The war is fought by coalition against
Russia. and, with the atomic bomb on
our side, Russia is beaten. Then occu-
patton and the de-doctrination of the
Russian people is started. American men
and money must be used for such oc-
cupation and de-doctrination. The final
result is an American peace in the
world, more potent than the peace of
imperial Rome.
In that new order of things, can we
be certain that we can trust ourselves?
Can we be sure that the moral and
political principles which distinguish us
as nation can resist the spiritual cor
ruption that has always attended a
monopoly of world power? Are we be-
ginning to believe that we are special,
chosen people, without selfishness and
with faultless wisdom, for whom the
world has been waiting for centuries?
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Letters to The Star
Dissents From Mr.. Lawrence's
Views on Atomic Security

To the Editor of The Star:
Is David Lawrence really as unin-
formed as his column in. The Star
June 81 indicates? 1t seems hardly
possible that any person, particularly
one who is widely credited with being
an. able columnist, still is talking about
the United States keeping or not keep
ing its so-called atomic secret" as if
1t were an absolute thing, piece of
paper perhaps which we have locked
up in a vault and can mimeograph or
not as we alone deem fit.
This Is the most dangerous kind of
talk because it lulls the unwary reader
into false sense of security, feeling
that if the politicians and bureaucrats
will just be smart enough once not to
let the sneaky Russians put something
over on us we will be safe from an
atomic armament race. And Mr.. Law
renee, with seeming satisfaction, repor-
torially assures his readers that the
chances now seem good that the BUREAU
Gratis will be just that smart, all be-
cause Mr.. Gromyko has "stalemated"
the negotiations.
1t is true, of course that we have a
tremendous asset" at this time-we
can make and are making atomic
bombs. We are pretty sure that no other
nation either has made any atomic
bombs or is capable of making any.
But, until 1 read Mr.. Lawrence, I felt
rather sure that every one in the coun-
try above the intelligence quotient of
Andrew jackson May had accepted
what every informed person on atomics
knows and has said time and again,
that within few years whether or not
we cooperate even teeny little bit)
other countries will be making atomic
bombs even as we are today, unless
something is done to stop the armament
race.
The problem, therefore, is to find a
way to set up practical, workable, air.
tight international mechanisms to pre-
vent all nations from ever making
bombs, and to do this before other
nations acquire a competing vested in
terest in making them. We have only
a relatively brief time in which to do
this, considering the scope of the prob
lem. The fact that the United States
is now making bombs and appears dis
posed to continue doing so until some
control is set up already is making it
hard enough to work out the solution,
without the added burden OF nonsense
such as Mr.. Lawrence dished out on
June 81. EX2MARINE.
Evening star., 1946-06-28
Platinum

Prom the New York Journal of Commerce.
The price of platinum has advanced
from the ceiling price of $35 an ounce
to $50 per ounce since price control for
this metal was ended last month. Is
this rise merely temporary speculative
bulge following termination of price
control, or is it likely to be lasting?
Industrial uses for platinum ex-
panded greatly during the war. The
metal was used freely in the manufac-
ture of electronic tubes, contact points
and spark plugs for aircraft, among
other products. Its resistance to acids
and high melting point made it espe-
ciauy desirable for such uses.
Since the largest part of the wartime
output of the metal was diverted to
industrial uses, the jewelry trade was
not able to cover it's requirements.
Hence, there is considerable backlog
of demand which remains to be satisfied.