davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-12-31
China Refutes
Soviet Rights
To Port City
Foreign Office Spokesman
Says Russia Surrender
ed Claim To Dairen
WOULD TAKE OVER
Chiang's Government Mott
fled In May Red Army
Was "Pulling Out"

NANKING, Dec. 30.-(P)
The Chinese government
does not recognize Russia's
right to continue occupying
Dairen and would take over
administration Of chat impor-
tant Manchurian port if it
were not for distractions by
the Chinese Communists,
George Yeh, foreign office
spokesman, told a news con-
ference Monday.
However, a Kuonintang
Government party official told
the Associated Press that the Chi
nese-Russian treaty of 1945-which
defines the status of Dairen as a
free port-was defended by For
eign Minister Wang Shih-chieh at a
private meeting of the party's Ma
tional assembly delegates.
Wang was quoted as telling dele
gates who questioned the treaty's
value that it had saved China mil
lions of dollars by eliminating the
need of maintaining a large army
on the Manchurian frontier.
Premier T. V. Soong, who called
the meeting, was quoted as saying
that the postwar political strife
in China was blocking smooth i'm
fermentation of a well-planned re-
conversion program.
Yeh, the Foreign office spokes-
Continued On Page 2. Col. u
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-12-31
FORECAST

Wilmington and vicinity: Increasing
cloudiness and slightly colder today, fol-
lowed by cloudy weather. and slightly
warmer tonight; Wednesday rather cool
with occasional light rains.
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-12-31

Continued on Page 2. Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1946-12-31

Continued on Page 2, Col. 81
Evening star., 1946-09-22

immense dangers of "bacteriolog-
ical' warfare, and from time to time
since then, in Congress and else
where, there have been significant
references to such things as the de-
velopment of unprecedentedly dev-
astating germ sprays"
Against this background the
statements of Dr. Wendt and Gen.
eral Watt add up to what amounts
to the most definite indication to
date that the killing capacity of the
atomic bomb may well be rivaled
and possibly even "excelled" by other
weapons within the reach of any
country OF any size equipped with
test tubes and scientific brains. This
is something that speaks pretty
much for itself. Man has torn so
many dark secrets from the heart of
nature that unless we acquire new
wisdom to balance our fearsome
knowledge, unless we establish lit
orally permanent peace, that knowl-
edge may well prove to be the death
of us-the death of most of our race
and the finish of what we fondly call
civilization.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Churchill on Europe

Winston Churchill seemingly de-
lights in challenging the mood of
the moment. He has done so in the
past on several occasions, yet never
more forthrightly than in his ad-
dress last Thursday before the Uni
versity of Zurich. Switzerland.
His plea was for "some kind of a
United States of Europe" This was
not his first advocacy of the concept,
but the forum and the circumstances
combined to render peculiarly apt
his reiterated presentation of the
idea. Switzerland, that solid island
OF peace and security in an ocean of
wars dreadful aftermath, is the best
Illustration of what a genuine fed
Grafton of Europe might be like,
because Switzerland has solved the
problem of reconciling diverse
bloods, tongues, cultures and reli-
glons into an enduring harmony,
each segment maintaining it's cher
ished identity yet all fused into a
cooperative and constructive larger
unity.
Furthermore, the desperate need
OF a devastated and devitalized con-
tlnent should strike a responsive
chord In the minds and hearts of
forward-looking men and women in
every part of historic Europe-that
is, the Europe which has evolved
from imperial AND Christian Rome
through the Middle Ages and the
Renaissance to modern times. In
deed, the concept of western" soli-
darity and basic unity has been the
theme Of churchmen, philosophers
and statesmen athwart the CEN
turies. The last phase of this trend
was the "Pan-Europa" movement
which attracted much attention in
the period between the two world
wars, embodied in such able spokes-
men as Count Coudenhove -Kalergi
and the late Aristide BRAND.
Alas, that this trend was overborne
oy clashlng teudS, ambitions and
liberated nationalisms, which pro-
voked the recent catastrophe. The
pity of it is that now. even should
the bitter lessons of adversely en-
gender a movement toward the ideal
set forth by Winston Churchill, the
peoples of Europe are no longer the
masters in their collective house.
Europe's immediate fate is TODAY
being decided chiefly by three great
powers, two of which (the. United
States of America and U. S. SRI
are outside Europe" in the historic
sense, while the third, Britain. is a
contiguous island which heads an
extra-European empire world wide
In scope. BY their inveterate an
tagonisms and fratricidal fury. the
Europeans had not only cast away
their global predominance before
World War I but have jeopardized
even the opportunity to soeEe their
own problems in their own way.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Thot National League Race

Inc eagernesS with which the
average Washington baseball fan
turns to the sports pages these days
can be traced to something more
exciting than the efforts of the SEN
ators to hold onto their fourth place
position in the American League.
Most likely he is looking for the
latest news on the ck-and-neck
pennant race being run in the Ma
tional League by the Saint Louis
Cardinals and the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Every sports fan loves close contest
and few contests could be closer
than that which has developed be-
tween the Cards and Leo Durocher's
Buns"
With Boston safely ensconced at
the top OF the American League
clubs, the uncertainty over what
team the Red Sox will have to face
in the forthcoming World Series has
created a situation as tense for
fans the country over as it must
be for Joe Cronin and his outfit. As
this was written yesterday after
noon, only one game, or seven per-
centage points, separated the
Dodgers from the first-place Car
dinals, and this advantage could be
wiped out overnight. Both teams
had eight games yet to play and
both have been playing baseball of
championship caliber, with no signs
Of crack-up. Much can happen in
eight games, however, and every
player on each Of the teams is play
ing with a full awareness of the
weight he carries.
The majority Of local fans, for
some reason or other, seem to be
pulling for the Cardinals. At least
that is the impression, created by
the applause and cheers which have
greeted scoreboard announcements
at Griffith Stadium of Cardinal
gains. The BUNS" also have a
vociferous following here, however.
The fact of the matter is that it is
the tightness of the race rather
than the principals involved which
has the fans by the ears. About the
only thing in the baseball line that
can compete right now is Mickey
Vernon's sparkling batting spree,
one OF the few sparkling things to
catch the eye on the Senators front
Of late.
Evening star., 1946-09-22

School doors have opened through
out the Nation. The picture is truly
inspiring-scores of thousands OF
boys and girls and young people
and many who are older crowding
through the open doors of our schools
and colleges. The first day of school
sometimes brings tears to mothers
but it stirs feeling Of pride in
fathers. To start ones school days
is to begin long pilgrimage, rich
in its possibilities and unpredictable
in its influences.
The importance Of our schools
scarcely can be overestimated. From
the standpoint Of the time spent
there each week. Of the information
learned, of the ideals formed and Of
the social element involved, we should
have the best buildings and equip
ment and the finest teachers we can
afford. All honor to our teachers!
In sincere tribute we say to them,
I'VE express our confidence in you
by the fact that we turn over to
you our children, our most precious
possessions, for large part Of their
life each week; we appreciate what
you are doing; we wish that your
salaries were larger, and we hope
that you are finding inner COM
pensations for the service you are
rendering"
4
So much for America. However,
the school situation in Europe and
Asia is one of serious concern. School
buildings have been destroyed,
teachers killed, books and materials
burned One of the most important
tasks in world reconstruction is that
of opening doors for the school
children of every land; the task of
constructing buildings and providing
adequate materials and text books.
1t is staggering to realize that three
out of every five members of the
human race cannot read. The world
literacy movement has its"greatest
days and years ahead. Our goal is
nothing less than literate world,
an informed world. We would open
the doors of education to all.
Opening the doors of our schools,
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Mr.. WoIIoce's Opportunity

In quitting the Government at
President Truman's request, Henry
A. Wallace has displayed a great
deal OF personal grace and dignity
where lesser man might have been
meanly sullen or turned the air blue
with bitter and rancorous epithets.
This is all very much to his credit,
and he will be serving both himself
and his country if he makes a point
Of instilling the same spirit into
anything he may now undertake to
do in.carrying out his plan to fight
for peace" as a private citizen.
Fundamentally, what Mr. Wallace
stands for is what the President
stands for, what the Secretary of
State stands for, and what all Amer
leans in their right minds must
stand for. AS he declared in his
radio address on his resignation,
he stands for foreign policy that
will win the peace, and he believes
1t the holy duty" of every one of
us" to fight for such a policy-a
policy that will wipe away war in
an age when horrors like the atomic
bomb and archaeological weapons
are at least theoretically capable of
annihilating the entire human race
AS far as the objective goes, there
Is no disagreement among sane
Americans. The debate begins and
ends on methods alone, with the
overwhelming majority of the people
OF this country, Republicans and
Democrats alike, standing behind
the patient but firm policy so far
pursued by the President and Mr..
Byrnes. But though this policy is
in keeping with the Nations tradi-
tional principles and with its COM
mitments under the Atlantic Char
ter and the Charter of the United
Nations, Mr.. Wallace, together with
a considerable number of supporters,
has called for a change in it, and
the change would seem to amount
to little more than all-out appease-
ment of Russia.
Yet Mr.. Wallace claims otherwise,
and he has a chance now to come
forward with his proofs if he has
any. For his own sake, however,
and for the sake of American unity
in foreign affairs, it must be hoped
that he will try to do this not in
the Incorporate, insinuating and
demagogic spirit of the muddled
speech he delivered in New York
on September IL but in the spirit
that seems to have animated his
forced resignation. All too fire.
quently in the past, he has used
loose words and resorted to name
calling, but he cannot continue to
do SO if he really means to wage a
good fight for peace. Given careful
thinking and moderation on his
part, there is room for profitable
debate on our international dealings,
and Mr.. Wallace is. equipped to
contribute constructively to it. That
Is his great opportunity. If he makes
the most of it, his retirement to
private life may prove to be but
q passing interlude
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Refugee Difficulties

The difficulties attending Solu-
ton of the complex problem of ref
ugees and displaced persons" in
Europe have just been given de-
tailed analysis by the United Nations
secretariat in the form of a report
laid before the UNO Economic and
Social Council, which has jurisdic-
ton over the matter.
Reliable estimates give minimum
of 850,000 persons in Europe who
either cannot or dare not return to
their countries of origin. Some of
these unfortunates go back to the
aftermath of World War I, chiefly
the White" Russians who fed their
country during or after the Boil
shevik upheaval there. The more
recent refugees or ID. P.S" include
not only Jews, but very large con-
tingent of Poles. with Sizable groups
from the Baltic states, Ukraine and
elsewhere. Until now their care has
been largely a task of UNRRA, but
with that organization soon to go
out of existence a United Nations
agency has been proposed, to be
known as the International Refugee
Organization. It's aim is not merely
the care of these persons in Europe,
but their permanent settlement else
where.
From the very outset a major
difficulty has been the objection of
Soviet Russia, which regards most of
the D. P.s as enemies of the Soviet
Union who are doing dangerous
propaganda work abroad. The Rus
sian delegate has accordingly re-
fused to contribute to the budget
of the IRO, preferring that these
refugees be given the choice either
of returning to their countries of
origin or left to shift absolutely for
themselves.
A canvass made by the U. N. sec
retariat of member countries which
might be willing to receive these
D. P.s as permanent residents has
not had much success. OF forty-one
nations solicited, eighteen have not
even answered, and most of the re-
plies received indicated unwilling
ness to take a large number. espe-
Evening star., 1946-09-22
'Sovereign'-but Dead
From the New York Post.

4EOm Lle NcW xOIk EoSt
Unmodified sovereignty lan only
mean an ornaments race between rival
national powers. There are now moro
horrible weapons than the cataclysmic
bomb, such as radioactive gases and
biological warfare. Sovereignty means
the right Of nations to protect their
security" by piling up these weapons
till they go of. Then you might see Q
sovereign nation with 10 million peo-
pie dead. with cities vaporized, land
uninhabitable and nothing growing in
the poisoned fields, but sovereign to the
end. Civilization and survival demand
that we place the elemental forces we
have loosed under the control of law.
The only way to do so is by yielding
some parts of national sovereignty to
international authority. 1t is no longer
possible. without disaster, for nations to
cling, to the sovereign right to accumu-
late weapons of mass destruction. Tho
hope Of the United Nations rests on the
ability Of the great powers to face the
new thinking needed to exchange IA
tional sovereignty for international law
and agreements In al fields, including
armamentA.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Not Only the Atom

Although he has not fully con-
firmed it. Major General Alden H.
Watt, chief of the Army's Chemical
Corps, has left no room for doubt
that there is considerable truth in
the statement that the United States
now has a poison of such fantastic
strength-"perhaps the most highly
toxic substance knoWn"-that an
ounce of it might conceivably be
enough to destroy the combined
population OF Canada and the United
States.
The statement, made by Dr.. Gerald
Wendt, an editor scientist associated
with the magazine Science Illus
trated," has described the poison as
Misunderstanding crystalline sub
stance whose deadliness can be
measured by the fact that seven
millionths of a gram of it-an in
visible quantity-is all that is needed
to kill one person. which is another
way of saying that a gram could
kill 1000, 900 and an ounce 180, 900, 900.
In his more or less guarded COM
ment, General Watt has not denied
the existence of such a killer. On
the contrary, although not saying
that DR.. Wendt is absolutely right
and though suggesting that it may
possibly be only scientific curl
osity" at this stage, he has made
clear that the United States has
"a toxin which approximates that"
Our American experts. he has re-
vealed, have been working with sub
stances having power far, very
far beyond anything we had known
in previous chemical warfare re-
search" and these substances
though their military use probably
involves numerous problems still to
be solved-may be regarded as
potential weapons quite as deadly
as the atomic bomb, if not deadlier.
For some time past there have
been numerous official and semioffi- :
cial hints along this line. Shortly
after Hiroshima, for instance. 1t
became known through the Smyth
report that the manufacture Of
A-bombs yielded radioactive poison
gases probably as lethal as the
bombs themselves. Then, as long
ago as last November, in their his
toric joint statement on the control
Of atomic energy, President Truman
and Prime Ministers Attlee and King
made a special point of warning
against "other weapons" of mass
destruction. Later on, Secretary OF
| State Byrnes spoke publicly Of the
Evening star., 1946-09-22

however, is not enough; we must
also seek to open the doors for God.
We need not only general education;
we are desperately in need Of religious
training. OF the 17,000, 900 youth in
our country, one-half receive no
religious instruction whatever This
is tragic in its implications for the
future. If the truth that has made
us a great Nation-"In God We
Trusts to remain living truth
(as 1t must If we are to remain
great people, we need to mobilize
our forces Of school and church and
home to open the doors for God
that He may enter the life Of Amer
ica's youth. In the District OF Co.
lumbia a recommendation recently
was made that religion be taught in
the public schools. Education in
America is the child of the church
and it Is in accord with the true
traditions of our country that our
children be taught that the strength
Of a people lies at last in q living
faith in a living God.
r
Abroad, the need for opening doors
for God is more acutely felt. A
bruised. hurt, bewildered world needs
that Divine Presence which brings
healing, which gives meaning to life.
which calls to standards of living
that abide changes. More important
to the children and youth of Europe
and Asia than secular education IS
the spiritual truth that God Is
sharing life with them, that all man
kind is within the purpose of His
love and that as humanity moves
forward into new age He offers
himself as 'the Unwearied Guide"
The convictions that the Joy of His
presence is the strength of our life,
both the life Of the individual and
the life of the world. must underlie
all education.
AS we stand at the beginning of
new school year, let the doors of
learning be open to every one, and
through the cooperation of every
agency we have let us equally be
Jealous to open the doors of life
for God.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
No Mean Country

From the London tontario) Free Presa.
Canadian troops were the only prop
erly armed force in Britain after Dun
kerque; Canadian food virtually saved
the British people; Canadian naval units
conveyed supplies to Britain; Canadian
loans and credits are helping Britain
to pull through now. Let's stand up
and take q look at this nation Of ours.
Evening star., 1946-09-22

cia1iy in the near future. These
answers indicate that, unless there
is a widespread change in prevailing
restrictive immigration policies, the
solution OF the D. P. problem by
>resettlement outside Europe may
prove impracticable. And of such a
change in attitude there are no
present signs.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Agreement With Iceland

The proposal presented by the
State Department to the Icelandic
government clearly foreshadows a
settlement of outstanding questions
between Iceland and the United
States. These questions center
around air rights and bases acquired
by the United States under the
mutual defense agreement con-
cluded between the two countries
on July 1, 1s41.
The vital role which Iceland could
play in safeguarding the northern
Sea-lanes between North America
and the British Isles was so obvious
that when Nazi Germany violated
the neutrality of Denmark in the
spring of 1910, British and Canadian
forces occupied Iceland, both to
forestall a possible German descent
upon the island and to make use of
its facilities for aircraft and naval
vessels. Iceland, though virtually
independent since 1918, still retained
link with Denmark through COM
mon allegiance to the Danish Royal
House.
This Anglo Canadian occupation
did not sit we'll with the Icelanders,
who proclaimed themselves an in
dependent republic in 1941. BY that
time, though still technically neu-
tral, we were obviously intent on
saving Britain from the Nazi men,
ace, especially the U-boat blockade.
All this led to the American-Ice-
landic defense agreement previously
referred to, under which our forces
took over and developed ample air
bases, notably the big Keflavik Air
port near Reykjavik, the Icelandic
capital and metropolis.
Obviously, American interests
would be best served by continual
ton of these air facilities, and our
State Department opened negotia-
tions to this effect at the close of
the late war. However, these nego-
tiations not only encountered Ice
landic national susceptibilities but
also evoked the opposition of Soviet
Russia, which intimated that, If the
United States acquired permanent
base rights in Iceland, it might
counter by pressing Norway for
similar rights in its dependencies,
Spitzbergen and Jan Mayen, the
latter an island not far from Iceland,
which would straddle the northern
sea-laneS.
The upshot Of all this is the
current American proposal to the
Icelandic government, which pre-
sumably will result in an agreement,
because it has already been ap-
proved by the Icelandic Executive
Branch and needs only ratification
by the Althing or Parliament, which
is reported favorably disposed. The
arrangement provides for the with
draWal of all American military and
naval personnel from Iceland within
one hundred and eighty days from
the ratification of the agreement
and the turning over of the air
fields constructed by us to the Ice
landic government, but with the
proviso that American civilian per-
sonnel be retained, that our civilian
aircraft enjoy their use along with
those of other nations, and that our
military and naval aircraft shall
enjoy similar facilities "in connec-
ton with the fulfillment of our
obligations for maintaining control
agencies in Germany"
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Fifty Years Ago

When Prof. Francesca Fanciulli, di-
rector Of the United States Marine
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Opening THE Doors
By the Req. D. Hobart Evans,

Moderator Synod Baltimore Presbyterian
Minister OF the Hyaspue (MdJ Presbyterian Church.
Evening star., 1946-01-11
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