davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-19
John Locher

The whole community OF Wash
ington lost an able and devoted
leader with the death of John
Locher. He was man with natural
gifts of a high order, and those
talents and qualities were spent
literally for the benefit of hu-
manity at large. A native of George
town, he lived all his days within
the boundaries of the Nations Cap
ital and was we'll acquainted with
the peculiar problems resulting
from it's fiscal and political handi-
caps. But he also was an American
in the most notably comprehensive
sense of the word. His patriotism
was constructive, sound and sane.
He strove for the realization of great
national ideals in terms of progress
from which no citizen should be
shut out.
Mr.. Locher's interest in the cause
of organized labor waSinstinctive at
the start. With the passing of the
years it became to him creative
philosophy of genuine significance.
AS secretary of the Building Trades
Council and as president of the
Central Labor Union he was nee
essarily partisan, yet it never
could be said of him truly that his
Judgment was biased unfairly
against any class. Few of his con-
temporaries had as much scientific
understanding of the workers
needs and coincidentally as much
comprehension of the employers
duties and responsibilities. He
could express sharp indignation on
occasion, but he never sought a
quarrel nor invited an avoidable
difference of opinion. It was because
of these qualities that he rose to the
positions of trust which he held so
long and with so much credit to all
concerned.
But Mr.. Locher gave himself gen.
erously likewise to activities from
which he neither expected nor re-
ceived any reward. His church, his
charities, his civic work made heavy
claims upon his strength OF mind
and body, yet he responded with
enthusiasm. zeal and enduring
patience. His example certainly will
be an inspiration to community
leaders for decades to come.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

For the second time in four mon.h hs
the Russians, like Achilles, have VIM
drawn into their tent and are sulking.
The protracted absence of the head
Of the Soviet delegation, Vice Com
missar of Foreign Affairs Andrei Wish
insky, from the UNO meetings has
thrown the whole organization of ST
nations into turmoil No one knows
why the Russians are participating
only half -heartedly in the meetings of
the organization which it is hoped will
guarantee peace to a deyasted and
strife-ridden world.
During his visit to Moscow, where
he signed far-reaching agreements
more pleasing to the U. S. S. r. than to
other nations, Secretary of State
Byrnes expected that Russia would be
represented at London by Foreign Com
missar v. NJ Molotov. Molotov, how
ever, pleaded fatigue and designated
his most brilliant assistant, Mr.. Wish
insky, to act for him.
Because of the vast experience in
foreign affairs Mr.. Vishinsky has gained
in the last few years and because he
Is known as the outstanding legal mind
In the U. S. S. R.. the other Foreign Min
listers who head their delegations were
satisfied with this substitute.
He was not expected to carry the
same weight as Mr.. Molotov, for the
latter now has become almost as i'm
portant in Russia as Prime Minister
Stain. But he was known to have the
full confidence of his government and
might have been able to make decisions
without referring them to Moscow.
Mr.. Vishinsky, to the surprise of the
SO other Foreign Ministers, never showed
up In London. He left Moscow, soon
after the conference of the Big Three
Foreign Ministers, on mission to Ro-
mania and Bulgaria to present to these
governments the conditions under which
the United States and Great Britain
would recognize their government. He
is said to have struck a snag in Bull
garia which necessitated his return to
Moscow, where he now remains.
Reports from the Russian capital saw
Mr.. Vishinsky has been taken unex-
pectedly i'll and it is questionable
whether he will be able to attend even
the closing sessions of the UNO.
Illnesses of diplomats have been a.
matter of grave suspicion ever since
countries began to have extensive in
ternational relations. The term dip
lomatic illness" means that the diplo-
Evening star., 1946-01-19

As the United Nations Organization
begins to take tangible form, among the
most interesting of the agencies which
now meet for the first time will be the
Military Staff Committee.
This committee acts in an advisory
capacity to the Security Council ION
all questions relating to the Security
Councils military requirements for the
maintenance of international peace and
security, the employment and command
of forces placed at its disposal, the regu-
lation of armaments, and possible dis
armament"
1t is to be composed of "the chiefs of
staff of the permanent members of the
Security Council or their representa-
tives." AS matter of actual practice,
it is expected that each of the per-
manent members (the United States,
Britain, the U. S. S. r., France and
China) will send three high-ranking
officers to the first meeting, one each to
represent its army, navy and air force.
It is obvious that this Military Staff
Committee will have a great deal to
say on the subject of control of atomic
weapons; in matters relating to its
proper province its views may be de-
ciSive.
This, however, will take some time in
discussion. Meanwhile, almost its first
duty will be to determine the con-
tingents of armed forces to be made
available to the Security Council by
each of the first great powers in case
of need, and to prepare preliminary
drafts of the agreements between each
power and the Security Council which
will determine, as the charter says,
"the numbers and types of forces, their
degree of readiness and general location,
and the nature of the facilities and
assistance to be provided"
\ *
1t is necessary to have some decision
on these points before any of the five
powers can go ahead with permanent
arrangements for postwar military and
naval establishments. In the United
States, for example, we must know the
size and nature of our international
commitments as an essential factor in
preparing legislation to be submitted to
Congress fixing the size of the Regular
Army, Navy and Air Force, and asking
appropriations for its maintenance.
The character of the American con-
tribution to world police, as now en-
visaged by our military leaders, is made
quite apparent by the names of the
officers selected for our first delegation
to the Military Staff Committee. It is
clear, from review of these names, that
for Americas part our chiefs of staff
are thinking in terms of fast-moving,
hard-hitting, highly mobile sea and
air forces, backed up by airborne troops
and by expeditionary forces Of the gen.
eral character Of the United States
Marine Corps. Our idea is to have a
sort Of international IRE department
Evening star., 1946-01-19
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

the Russians have talked informally of
their support Of Stanoje Simic, the
Yugoslav Ambassador to WASHINGTON, for
secretary general Other delegations.
however, do not take this too seriously
Edward R. stettinius, jr., former Sec
retary OF State and President Truman's
appolntee to represent the United
States on the Security Council. has
taken over his new duties. No man is
more conversant with the organization
OF the United Nations. He took the
lead in the draft Of the Charter in San
Francisco and has been at work on
the Preparatory Commission, whose pro-
posals are now before the Assembly and
the Council. 1t had been suggested that
Secretary of State Byrnes might, at the
flrst sessions of the Security Council,
SIT IN as representative of the United
States. This, however, would have left
Mr.. Stettinlus in position both EN-.
oarrassing and untenable. It was Mr..
Byrnes who succeeded him as Secretary
OF State, and for Mr.. Byrnes now to
step into the Security Council-in his
plaee-might have been bit thick.
= +
Inc security Council has other i'm.
portant matters. to tackle and among
them is the organization of its Military
Staff Committee. Until that has been
done, the framing of agreements with
individual nations. including the United
States, for their quotas of armed forces
to be put at the disposal of the Council
must wait.
The Councils principal test at this
meeting may come over the Russo-Ira-
nian dispute. 1t is not likely to be an
easy matter to handle, If it is pressed.
Some OF the delegates here feel that
1t might be wiser if Iran would wait
until March 2, the date fixed for the
withdrawal of foreign troops from Iran.
and see what happens. without in the
meantime bringing the issue before the
UNO.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
Locating the UNO

With baked lobster. bouquets OF
flowers, baskets of fruit and an all
around warm official reception, the
people of Boston apparently have
spared nothing in an effort to con-
vince the site committee of the
United Nations Organization that
their city and it's environs ought
still to be regarded as the hub of
the universe-an eminently suitable
location for the permanent home of
the UNO.
Boston, of course, is not the only
bidder. Cases have been argued in
favor of locating the new world cap
ital at Hyde Park, at Princeton, in
the neighborhood of New York City
or Philadelphia, and elsewhere in
the East. In the near future the
site committee will be called upon
to report it's recommendation to the
current United Nations meeting, but
there is no guarantee that the Cen
eral Assembly will accept them. San
Francisco's friends, for instance, do
not seem to have given up the
fight, and there is even the remote
possibility that some European dele
gates will try again to state the case
for Europe.
Whatever the final selection, how
ever, the problem of establishing
headquarters promises to entail
nothing less than the building of a
brandnew community, enjoying an
extraterritorial status. The site is
expected to be reasonably near a
large city but not physical part of
1t, and this means that once the
choice is made construction will
have to be started to accommodate
the families of 5000 or more officials
who will be in permanent residence
as members of the secretariat and
related agencies. In addition, wholly
apart from journalists and transient
observers, there will be great num-
bers of delegates to be provided for
at every session of the General As
sembly. Considering this population
factor, together with the schools,
churches, stores, housing, Office
buildings, fire protection and similar
services and facilities that will be
needed, it is clear that the new world
capital will have to be rather big
place, with perhaps as many as 40
900 men, women and children living
in it.
It is understandable, in the cir
cumstances, that Boston and other
cities should be interested-econom-
ically, as well as from the standpoint
of being historically honored-in
having UNO headquarters near
them. In this connection, inciden-
tally, The Star has received a num-
Der of letters asking why the District
Of Columbia has made no attempt
to sell itself to the site committee.
The answer is simple enough: Even
were it feasible on other grounds, it
would be supremely ironical of this
disfranchised community to presume
Evening star., 1946-01-19

LONDON, Jan. 19.-Formal orcaniza-
ton OF the Security Council, the strong
executive agency of the United Nations
has been completed. Indeed, its birth
pains were remarkably lacking. Canada.
which had been favored by the United
States for one of the nonpermanent
places in the Council, failed, it is true,
and Australia took her place. Russia
would have preferred Norway, but had
to be satisfied with the Australian shift
Russia's prediction for Norway-she
tried first to have the Norwegian Foreign
Minister, Trygve Lie, elected president
of the acknowledgements still con-
tinues, for Russia is favorable, it Is said.
to election of Mr. Lie as secretary gen.
eral OF the UNO. This nomination of a
secretary general is one of the major
tasks OF the Security Council at this
meeting and must be tackled soon, Real
lists among the delegations, some of
whom have been sitting in London since
the Preparatory Commission began its
work last summer, have about come to
the conclusion that the office of secre-
tary general will 60 finally either to Mr..
Lie or to Lester B. Pearson, CanadaS
Ambassador to the United States
The American delegates would like to
have Mr.. Pearson take over the post of
secretary general. However, they are not
inimical to the Norwegian Foreign Min
lister. The United States delegation voted
for Mr.. Lie for president of the Assembly,
as a matter of fact. So far as the Ameri-
can delegates are concerned it is Just
case of preferring man from Americas
close neighbor, Canada, man they know
and like
Mr. Pearson would be eminently salts
factory to the British and to the Chinese
and perhaps to the French. But the
Russians favor Mr. Lie, and they intend
to have him If they can. What they will
do if the four other permanent members
OF the council line up solidly for Mr.
Pearson remains to be seen.
For trading pllrposes or so II iS cold
Evening star., 1946-01-19
The Case of Themistocles K.

The Case OF IhemlStOcleS X.
To the Editor Of The Star:
If Steve Vasilikos were living, this let
ter would not be necessary. Steve
would hear the case, leave his popcorn
machine in the care of the nearest
Secret Service man and take off for the
East Executive avenue entrance. He
would see the head of the works pronto
and all would be well again.
But Steve is dead. However, The
Star gets results, too. In recent months
The Star has given space to lots of
stories which touched the heart strings
families burned out, Fala getting
playmate, colored man losing his life
in rescuing white child-all kinds of
human interest stories.
Suppose you had been teaching boy
recently arrived from one of the Euro
pean countries overrun by the Nazis.
Suppose this boy, former resident of
the United States, was eager for the
rest of his interrupted education and
was bright and intelligent and indus
trious. Suppose this boy was working
hard to send money to his mother and
sister in that starved land of Greece.
Suppose this boys life had been re-
tarded by confinement in Nazi con-
centration camp. Then suppose that
the selective service demands that this
boy stop high school because he has
reached 18 years. If this boy were your
student and If this boy had no father,
what would you as teacher and a
Christian do?
If you can PROFOUND these questions
in prominent place where the proper
parties of Selective Service Board No. /
can read about my checked
Themistocles K, should think it might
result in an American solution.
RICHARD FELDMAN.
Roosevelt High School.
Evening star., 1946-01-19

test her tough hulk under the i'm
pact of an atomic explosion, she is
well worth careful examination by
our naval experts. And If, indeed,
she is to be the object of an atomic
attack, it will be interesting to see
to what degree-if at all-she can
stand up to what seems to be the
only weapon that has not been tried
against her.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
Wild Trolls

Sweet are the trails
Withdrawn and shy
That s10irl unpntterned
Circling by
The nearby Woodlands
Solemn eye.
Sometimes they sho,p.
Care not tUto sees,
And sometimes again,
A curled end fees
Hiding among
The darkest trees.
Such fragrant pathways
All should knoD,
Sapor their stDeetness
Till they go
To unmarked grnpes
Beneath the snoU.
ETHEL BARNETT DE VITO
Evening star., 1946-01-19

to be the home of a world organiza-
ton whose Charter reaffirms faith
in such fundamental human rights
as the right to vote. Obviously,
alas, in a town like this, the ideals
of the UNO would hardly have an
appropriate setting.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
And All Parties!

From the Canton (ohio) Repository.
Whatever else the Pearl Harbor In.
vestigation proves or disproves, we could
wish that five years ago the Nation had
been blessed with more intellectual
honesty in high places.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
One Point of View

From the Miami, Okla, News-Record.
What this country needs is to be re-
lieved of wartime controls at the earli-
est possible moment to allow the normal
factors Of the American economy to be-
gin functioning.
Evening star., 1946-01-19
Freedom of the Press

a (72T) II 204 (77g)
Evening star., 1946-01-19

81
Evening star., 1946-01-19

Still mem.
The sub., 1946-06-06

3:45 D. m. Saturday, just prior to the Presidents speech: Hold the line! We still are American citi- zenS!'
 MT. Smith has lived in New Lon don since 1905. His home is at B McGraw Street in that city. His run is to White River Junction, Vermont. At White River he is forced to maintain a hotel room, and eat his meals in restaurant during the lay-over period. This costs him at least $15 to $20 week that he can ill-afford while main- taining a home locally. These men used their own cases as typical ex- amples of what the strikers in gen. eral were putting up with, guided by rules and regulations that have been in force since 1920.
 MT. Smith revealed that his out fit had no grievances with their Canadian Road, but were out in support of the rest of the Broth erhood, and because all national freight had been tied up by the strike. He felt that the President S statement was pretty rank, and that the men were as willing to work for the Government as anyone else.
 MT. Smith, unlike the rest of the
 
 but has done fine and generous, typical American deed. He and his wife have provided a home for an English high school age youngs- ter who was an evacuee from the war-torn sections of England. The lad is motherless and his father was in the British forces. Although
The sub., 1946-06-06

motive Engineers has lived in the same house on Broad Street, New London, for 43 years. His children were born and raised in that city, and he is many times grandfather and even a great-grandfather. All MT. Cooper's first neighbors on the street have moved to other sec- tions or passed away throughout the years with the exception of MT. William May, uncle of the Mayor of New London. When w.. H. Cooper goes down Broad Street, he is a much respected figure and greets all by their first names. He is good neighbor and a good worker with A years of service to the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. He Is mod crate man, a deep and conserVa- tive thinker. He would tell you proudly that up to the recent strike his organization had not had a strike for 30 years!
 On being interviewed, MT. Coop CT revealed to your reporter that not only the younger men and re- turned veterans were out on strike, but many old timers, some with 40 to 60 years service with the railroad. The threat of the loss of seniority would have been source of real hardpship with these men whose long record is one only of service to his whole community and golden anniversary of try ing and impossible working condi- tions, that he has endured patiently.
 ?: Do you consider this a strike against the Government?
 Cooper: "No. It is a strike against the Amalgamated Association of
The sub., 1946-06-06

the war is over now. they have been allowed to keep the boy of whom they have grown very fond, until he graduates from High School this June. He will then return to his father in England and leave their home empty, but happier for the good deed they have done.
 Yes, all of these men that worked up frontal attacks by anti-Labor forces all over the country, are cer- tainly GOOD NEIGHBORS, and OUR KIND OF FOLKS!-R. B.
The sub., 1946-06-06

Who are these men?" he ex-' claims. T want to go to work, but the trains aren't runningl" His voice is the echo of the voice of millions of voices, and his per- sonal needs intrude themselves foremost in his mind. He would be surprised if you told him, 'These men are the men you were boys with, grew up with, and played golf or an occasional poker game with, these men are your neigh borS. But such is the fact Let me introduce to you who have not already met them, some of your good neighbors.
 MT. w. H. Cooper, Local Chair man of the Brotherhood of Loco-
The sub., 1946-06-06

Railroads, and their antiquated po- licies and working conditions.
 ?: What do you think of PreSi- dent Truman's statement that this is a strike against the Government?
 Cooper: He is talking for the bankers and Mr. Policy, Chairman of the Board of Railroad Execu- tives. Considering that we are not at war it is ridiculous to claim that we are striking against the Gov ernment.
 Other local officials who were interviewed at their open house at the Labor Temple in New London were: Charles F. Brannon, Chair man of the Brotherhood of Loco motive Engineers, L-496, who has been with the railroad for thirty one years; and George William Smith, Local Chairman of the Southern Division of the Vermont Central B. of l.. E.
 MT. Brannon lived in New Lon- don up to two years ago when he removed to Miner Avenue in Wa terford. He also is considered a very good neighbor by all who know him. MT. BrannOn'S answers to the general questions were very similar to MT. Cooper's, but he went even further in describing the conditions under which the road men were striking to change. Lack of consideration in lay-over time was the straw that broke the camels back.
 Money, and a raise, MT. Brannon disclosed, was but minor factor. The trainmen work 365 days a year on straight time pay! And the present rules and regulations require trainman to buy the best watch on the market, nothing un- der $10O, which he must purchase himself. Uniforms that up to one year ago were wholly furnished by the men are now bought jointly by the Road and the man. However, caps are still purchased wholly by the men. With their uniforms the men must purchase and wear WHITE SHIRTS (wonder where they get 'em), black ties and black shoes. These men work 70 hours a week for 42 hours pay. Sanita- tion, particularly in the freight service, is bad. They still have the bucket brigade in the old ca booSe car. During the lay-over periods, trainmen never collect overtime, and must meet all their own expenses. In many cases this means paying for a hotel or lodg- ing house room the year around where they can get a good sleep. This type of double life and ex- penses soon eats up the straight time pay of the men. Although there is bunk-room in the larger cities for those who are brave enough to sleep there (these rooms need more frequent attention with the fit or what have you), such as Boston and New York, the men must pay BOG for their bedding for the layover sleep. Many of the men go into the trainmen room and try to catch a little shut-eye sitting up in chair.
 All the men, however, had the highest praise for both the Rail- road YMCA in New Haven, and the Engineers Bunk in Wor- cester that cost the Road $25,
 Our interview was interrupted by message from c. w. Kealey, who was in charge of the New England Division of the strikers. and was their official source of in- formation. His message was at
The sub., 1946-06-06
These Men Are Your Neighbors

Reading the papers from day to day to feel tha most situations like story book far away from and everyday existence. It is only when Labor-Manage ment argument reaches strike that nterferes with ordinary existence that the ordinary citizen awakes the realization that he is ntedependent upon other work era and industry in his nation.