davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-04

Stabillzatlon of currencies, the re-estab-
llsnment of international commerce,
without the trade barriers which not
only blocked trade but were the cause
OF friction before the last war, depend
on strongly reviving economy in Great
Britain. To deny the loan would cause
hard feeling and suspicion Further,
foreign trade has always played an i'm
portant role in American economy. It
is to the interest of our own people that
the way be kept open for our foreign
commerce. England is the worlds
greatest importer. Drained by the six
years Of war, Britain needs this credit
One OF the arguments made against
tie loan to Britain is that she will not
repay 1t: that she failed to repay the
money loaned by the United States
during the World War.
England did make payments on her
loan until 1881 when President Hoover
proposed moratorium on war debts
for one year Because of the world
wide depression and because of sharp
reduction in United States imports and
foreign investments. England was un-
able to resume payment of the debt
However, the United States had loaned
Britain a total of s4.277 900 900 between
April, 1917. and July, 1919. On this
amount, Britain paid back to us s2,O34,-
S43,S17. The House Banking and Cur
rency Committee, in making its report
on the proposed loan, insisted there
is nothing in the long history of our
relations with England which gives
evidence of her lack of good faith in
meeting her financial obligations"
The loan is in reality an investment
and not an expenditure. Only if the
interest payments prove it to be less
than the cost of borrowing by the
United States can it add to the tax
burden of the American people. Interest
payments begin in 1851 and are per
cent in five equal annual installments.
minority of the committee, four
Republican members from the Middle
West, recommended the loan be rejected
by the House. In general, they con-
tended that the United States had done
enough, that such loan would strain
financial resources, and that the Ameri-
can people, who must foot the BILL
are unwilling to give their consent.
The action on the loan will have it's
international repercussions.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
Dewey's Stock Rises
By Jay e. Hayden

a State FEPC, armed with authority to
prosecute criminally persons guilty of
determinations in employment on ac-
count of race. color. creed or national
origin. The Dewey Board, however, so
far has been able to settle by conference
and agreement all complaints submitted
to it without single court action.
* X
It is claimed on behalf of Gov. Dewey
that New York, under his administra-
tion, has been freer from strikes than
any other large industrial State Not
long ago, he won particular credit for
settling an elevator strike, which stopped
egress to both homes and work places
in city Skyscrapers, after Federal
agencies had failed to end this stoppage.
When he lost New York State to
scored against Wendell Willkie, Dewey's
presidential prospects underwent
severe sinking spell, which continued
through all of 1945. But latterly, Dewey
has been picking up at a great rate.
Usually trustworthy neutral observers
now are saying he is unbeatable for
reelection as Governor of the Empire
State, even though the Democratic,
American Labor and Liberal parties hold
together against him.
Senator James M. Mead, slated for
Governor by this combination of parties,
is showing marked signs of cold feet
and his hackers admittedly are fearful
that before September nomination time
he will abjure the governorship and try
to hang on to his present senatorship
for which former Gov. Herbert H. Ieh-
man has been picked
released by North American Newspaper
Alliance.O
Evening star., 1946-07-04
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The proposed United States loan of
$3.7500000 900 to Britain hangs in the
balance in the House-although the
Senate on May 10 approved it, 46 to "a,
a substantial vote. Should 1t lose in
the House, British Foreign Minister
Bevin can thank himself for placing a
stumbling block in the path of the bill.
Britain's whole attitude to the Palestine
question; its disregard of the recon-
mendations of the joint commission
Omitted States and British which in
vestigated the question of admitting
Jewish refugees into the Holy Land has
had bad reaction in this country and
will be reflected in the House vote.
But Mr.. Bevin himself pulled the
prize boner when in an address June
u he said: THE agitation in the United
States and particularly in New York
for 100000 Jews to be put into Palestine
and I do not want the Americans
to misunderstood me-is because they
do not want too many of them in New
York"
1t may be the Foreign Minister was
speaking lightly-as it has since been
said-but if so he was light at the wrong
time and in the wrong way. With the
huge Jewish vote in New York 1t is
easy to understand that this remark
put members of the New York delega-
tion on the spot when it comes to voting
nearly four billion dollars to Britain
x
The administration leaders In the
House are hopeful they can gain the
approval Of majority of the members
for the loan. but they are distinctly
worried. The loan is not popular in the
States of the West. 1t was made a
principal issue against Gov Griswold
of Nebraska in his recent try for the
Republican senatorial nomination Sen
ator Butler, Republican, who was re-
nominated, was opposed to this Gov
ernment loan and Gov. Griswold frankly
supported it-and lost by a big vote.
The loan will not have the support
of considerable number of Republi-
cans from that section of the country
indeed, it has been estimated that per-
haps not more than Is or so Republican
members of the House would vote for it.
Should there be considerable Demo-
cratic defection-and there have been
rumors of such opposition-the loan
would have tough time
The loan should be approved. Greater
Evening star., 1946-07-04

from an element highly antagonistic
to President Roxas, which will tax
the powers of the government in
maintaining order.
1t is not an auspicious beginning.
But the record in the Philippines
Of our own sovereignty is one of
which every American citizen may
be proud. 1t is one Of the finest
examples in history of national
idealism applied in the government
of conquered territory. 1t is to be
hoped that we have not been pre-
mature in ending that sovereignty.
We are still bound TO the Philippines
by the ties of moral obligation to
their people, whose dream of inde-
pendence we cannot permit to
become bitter diSillusionment.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
Initiation in Hungary

Hungary now is experiencing the
ultimate in imitation. probably the
worst ever suffered by any country
in history. not excepting Germany
after the First World War. Money,
in effect, has become virtually mean
ingless there. and the price of the
smallest commodity must be calcu-
lated in terms of figures that are
literally too astronomical for the
average mind to comprehend
In prewar days the pengo. Hun
gary's basic monetary unit. was
worth about II cents in our money.
But today it's value is so infinites-
imal that it would have to be null
tiplied 10000 trillion times to equal
the value of a'dollar. In the normal
past Hungarian would have been
comfortably fixed if he earned 400
pengoes week, but to be as well off
now he would have to earn some
thing like 100000 trillion pengoes.
Since this situation grows worse
from hour to hour. the wages of
Hungarian workers undergo daily
adjustments to keep pace with soar
ing prices, which are some 125 tril-
lion times what they were when the
imitation first started The Buda-
pest government has worked out a
program of stabilization, but until
that takes hold the people of the
country are going to continue to
suffer. It is an economic tragedy of
the first magnitude. and to visualize
1t Americans need only think OF
what would happen to them If our
monetary structure suddenly col
Evening star., 1946-07-04
This Changing World
BY Constantine Bro,On

Three peace loving nations have for
warded their applications for member
ship in the United Nations to the Sc
curity Council, which must decide
whether they comply with the require
ments provided in the U. N. Charter.
The requests then will be forwarded to
the General Assembly.
The three petitioners are the Kingdom
OF Afghanistan, the Mongolian Peoples
Republic and the Albanian Republic.
With the exception of Albania, whose
admittance might be questioned by the
United States and Great Britain, it
appears probable that the nations will
be admitted without opposition, although
from the diplomatic point of view they
are considered as being either under
Russias direct. tutelage or pressure.
The Afghan government has recently
signed treaty with Moscow whereby
it made some territorial concessions to
the U. S. S. r. For many years Afghan
istan has been the battling ground be-
tween the Russians and the British
which Wed with each other to establish
their exclusive influence. In the last
few months, and especially since the
Soviet government succeeded in obtain
ing important concessions, the impress
sion among diplomats is that for the
time being at least the Kabul govern
ment will lean toward Moscow on most
matters concerning the u. N.
+
Afghanistan managed to escape being
drawn into the two world wars and is
genuinely peace loving. But its geo.
graphical position-between two of the
largest powers in Asia-gives its gov
ernment no choice but to lean toward
one or the other contender. The U. S.
S. r. now has the upper hand.
The Mongolian Republic better
known as Outer Mongolia-is under out
right Soviet domination. It's govern
ment was established in 1924 along So
vieS lines and its 40,000 inhabitants,
mostly herdsmen, have since that time
been under Soviet control. It's economic
and political life is tied up exclusively
with that of the U. S. S. R. All govern
ments regard it as being as much a
part and parcel of the U. S. S. r. as
Byelo Russia or the Ukraine But since
these two so-called republics are men,
bers of the u. NJ there seems to be no
reason why the application of the gov
ernment at Ulan Bator should not be
approved.
The question of Albania's becoming a
member OF the U. N. is another matter.
Albanias President Enver Hoxa, young
and ambitious man, has had major fric-
Evening star., 1946-07-04

tions with the British Moreover, for
NAL complaints have been made that
the Albanian government has been
guilty Of encroaching on Greek terri
tory
From the political point of view,
Albania is as much a Russian puppet
state as Yugoslavia
Last week President Hoxa visited
Belgrade, where he was given a bril-
liant reception by Marshal Tito. There
has been some talk about Albania
being integrated in the confedera-
ton of Yugoslav states, which appears
logical in view of its geographical po-
sition and the strong leanings of its
authoritarian government toward Mos
COW by way of Belgrade. But this
scheme is said not to have been indorsed
by the Kremlin because it would deprive
its diplomats of another independent"
state which could speak out on its own
initiative in international matters.
If Albania were accepted into the
family of peace-loving nations she could
become nonpermanent member of
the Security Council and whenever
necessary add its voice to those of
the permanent Soviet delegate.
But while there appears to be no
valid official reason to block the ap-
plications of Afghanistan and Mongolia,
the British government is reported to
wish to present its own motivated OBJ
jections to the admittance of President
Hoxa's Albania.
The goal of the u NJ is to include all
the nations of the world in it's fold
eventually America, Britain and other
western members of the organization
would welcome an early inclusion of
truly peace-loving nations such as
Switzerland and Sweden. The govern
ments of these two countries, which
have fought no wars for more than
100 years, have not yet been able to
apply for admittance because they were
neutral during the war. The charter
members of the U. N. were only those
which declared war against the Axis
even if they did not fire q shot.
1t is hoped that the expected applica-
tion of Afghanistan, supported by the
U. S. S. R., may open the way to other
neutrals to join in the u NJ The Afghan
Kingdom kept strict though friendly
neutrality toward the Allies throughout
the war. For the time being, however,
there has been no indication that Switz-
erland and Sweden have been encour-
aged to apply for application blanks
from the secretariat of the U. N.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
Protecting the Source

Federal officials having custody of
confidential files relating to loyalty
Investigations made of Government
employees are on sound ground in
holding that these records should
not be made available to the House
Civil Service Subcommittee which
is about to inquire into alleged COM
munistic inroads in the Government.
These files contain statements OBJ
tanned by Federal investigators from
reliable informants who agreed to
be interviewed only upon the un-
equivocal promise that the source of
the information would be held in
Strictest confidence.
Unless these pledges could be
given, the Federal Bureau of In
vestigation, the Civil Service Com
mission and other agencies con-
cerned would be seriously handi-
capped in checking on alleged crimi-
nal or subversive activities of present
or prospective Federal employees. II
deprived of this assurance of pro-
lection, many citizens in possession
of information of great value in
guarding the Nations integrity and
security could not be induced to talk.
Such development obviously would
be welcomed by Communists and
others under investigation.
1t is for this convincing reason
that the Attorney General on nu-
merous occasions in the past has
respectfully declined to accede to
requests by congressional commit
tees for confidential files. although
agreeing to cooperate in any other
feasible way. The policy is a good
bne to adhere to.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
Big Cities Must Go

From the Media (Pa) News.
There is nothing to worry about In
the fact that the Army and Navy are
studying the caves and caverns of the
United States to see what ones would
be suitable for strong weapons, planes
and people.
But it seems to us that in addition
to looking for caves and perhaps max
ing plans for the manufacture of goods
and weapons underground our Govern
ment should be giving lot more atten-
ton than 1t is to the decentraliza ton
of industry.
We can't hope to, and don't want to
carry on all manufacturing underground
during peacetime, but We could work
toward spreading out production over
our vast country instead of concentrate
ing it in a few overloaded cities. The
greatest temptation of any nation which
might consider attacking us would be
the fact that it would only require the
destruction of dozen or so cities to
paralyZe our production
Evening star., 1946-07-04

While Washington politicians-Presi-
dent Truman and Senator Robert Taft
especially-are sparring desperately for
political advantage from the OPA
muddle, Gov. Tom Dewey of New York
already has chalked up score that
will be hard for any OF his rival presi-
Dental aspirants to match.
In a message to the New York State
Legislature last January, Dewey pointed
out the danger that there might occur
q hiatus in Federal rent control and
asked for enactment of a law which
would enable the State to take over in
such an event.
After a rip-roaring legislative battle,
with much attendant publicity. law
providing for State control of resi-
Dental rents if and when the Federal
Government relinquished this function
was passed and signed by the Governor
on March 81, 1916.
Thus. when President Truman's veto
last Saturday wiped out the whole OPA,
Dewey was all set. He promptly ap-
pointed Joseph D. McGoldrick, former
Democratic controller of New York
City, head of temporary State Hous-
ing Commission and got that agency
into actual operation before Sunday
midnight.
New York tenants not only have been
spared the fear and uncertainty that
has afflicted renters in all the rest of
the Nation, but the rent stability engen-
dered by Gov. Deweys law has seemed
to extend to all other parts of the
States economy. Prices of all sorts have
held more firmly in New York than in
most other States.
Quick to spot the vote-getting gain
for Gov. Dewey from this development.
the Democrats sought to counter it.
Two Democratic, Legislators from New
York City demanded that special ses-
sion be called to effect an overall State
price control. Gov. Dewey replied that
while it was fine to take over rent con-
troll, any attempt by a single State to
hold down commodity prices would fail
for the simple reason that no goods
would come to it if they could be sold
for more elsewhere.
Incident to Dewey's assumption of
rent control 1t is being pointed out that
he previously had taken over where an
other Washington agency-the Fair En-
ployment Practices Committee-expired
June 80.
More than = year ago Dewey set up
Evening star., 1946-07-04

Theodore w. Moves

Mr.. Noyes has left many things
for which he will be remembered in
Washington. He earnestly devoted
an unusually long and useful life to
the development of the Capital. His
efforts were inspired by genuine
love for his native city and he felt a
deeply personal obliga ton, as editor
of The Star, to his neighbors of the
community.
His character, his ability and his
position enabled him to exercise a
great influence on those about him.
His conception of his own respon-
sibilities extended beyond those usu-
ally associated with the policy-f form
ing supervision of daily newspaper.
He was not content to give merely
written expression to thoughts and
ideas relating to those things in
which he believed. He took an active
part, as citizen, in working with
others to give material form to what
he advocated in type. That ac-
counted for his membership and the
leadership he gave in so many local
organizations, covering a wide vari-
ETY. of interests but all drawn to-
gether by what he called "the work
for Washington" 1t also explained
the breadth and the loyalty of his
acquaintanceship and the strong
personal ties that bound him to so
many people. representing so many
segments of life and shades of
opinion.
To this large company of friends
and acquaintances and to the
smaller group of his family and his
fellow workers on The Star he has
left a peculiarly intimate possession.
1t is found in their memories, which
In his lifetime took the form of af-
fectionate veneration. of man
whose philosophy and personal life
so exemplified the Christian gentle
man. He was a good and a wise
man. His gentle courtesy, his great
dignity, his patience. his respect for
the rights and opinions of others, his
moderation in all things and the
quiet persistence which lent such
strength to his own convictions were
some of the manifestations of a
rarely beautiful character. Toward
the close of his life his facial ex-
preston, in the tranquility of old
age, seemed to reflect those qualities
which in his active years had shaped
the course of his daily conduct.
He joined the staff of The Star
tWenty-four years after its founding.
He leaves it in its ninety fourth
year. He was builder of The Star,
which profited from his singular
devotion to its interests, his wise
direction of it's policies and his
jealous regard for the principles
which he made it his duty to follow.
Those whom he has left at The
Star are left in sorrow. But they
are left with profound apprecia-
tion OF the qualities of Theodore w,
NoyeS which will remain not merely
a memory but guiding inspiration.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
July

July, the realist. deals NTH TIE fact,
Her story is clear and her style is bold.
Her blue is bright and her yellotu Is
gold,
Her meaning is plain, portrayed enact.
The redlist describes the finished oct
WhichShinting April long ago toretold
And May and June did only halt un-
fold
July has all the ANSWERS that they lacked.
The prologue and the wondering are past
Here Is denouement on the bending
Dough,
Suspense Is done. No subtleties ars
1lO1U.
The fruit Is rounded and the plot is cast.
With gold pen dipped In ,ohite-hot at
nosphere.
July repedls the secrets OF the year. -s
MYRA PERRNGA.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
lapsed and things like loaf of bread
rost q eo1lnle of hillion dollars.

lapsed and things like loaf of bread
cost a couple of billion dollars.
Special factors, OF course, account
for Hungary's grave plight; yet, even
though those factors do not figure
in our own picture. what has hap
pened over there makes opposite
reading for us. We have had little
bits and starts of imitation already,
and since these have a way of
gathering weight and momentum
they can become wild and over
whelming unless effectively con-
trolled, as President Truman has
said. Relatively speaking, our money
is by far the strongest in the world,
but it can be hit very hard by too
hasty decontrol of the economic
forces that could crack it. The
story of Hungary should give pause
to any American who would take
all barriers down at once and with
out further ado.
Evening star., 1946-07-04
A New Nation Is Born

It is one of the tragic ironies of
war that the celebration of Philip
pine independence, timed to fall on
this 10th birthday of our own
Declaration of independence, is held
against so bleak a prospect.
1t might have been otherwise. 1t
was the honorable intent of this
country during the years of our
trusteeship, assumed after the Span
ish- American War, that Philippine
independence would become reality
when the opportunities for success
overshadowed all reasonable doubt.
That intent was based on a genuine
regard for the welfare of the
Fiipinos. Even when enactment of
the Tydings- -McDuffie Act set the
date and the pattern for future
independence, five years before war
began in Europe, there were many
friends of the Filipinos who were
not convinced that the time for
independence had come.
But long line of eloquent and
persuasive Filipino politicians had
been campaigning for independence
since before the war with Spain and
in later years the movement gained
strength in this country from
curious combination of groups. One
Of them sympathized with the
Filipinos' aspirations on grounds of
altruiStic principle, the other was
motivated by the purely selfish
desire to exclude Philippine products
from the free markets of the United
States. When the conquering Japa-
nese promised the Filipinos "imme-
diate" independence, we countered
with the same offer. And now it
has become fact.
Instead of being launched, how
ever, in promise and bright hope
there is a serious question in the
ability of this new little republic
to survive. The government treas
ury is empty. There is much un-
employment. Prices are inflated.
The cities are in ruins and the
means of production are largely
destroyed. There is political unrest
and an incipient rebellion in Luzon,
Evening star., 1946-07-04
Different Outlook
From the Wall Street Journal.

From the Wall Street journal.
From the Russian conception that
the individual fulfills his destiny as part
of the group inevitably stems the con-
ception toward other nations; if it is
right to make the individual conform to
= pattern decreed <rom the top, there is
nothing wrong with making nations
onform with a preconceived pattern
regardless of the choice of the nation
concerned.
1t is this clash of morals which we
are seeing in the United Nations delib-
erations over Iran. When it is easy and
convenient to do so, the Russians argue
that they are not violating the rights Of
a smaller nation, and that their troops
are not on Iranian soil for the purpose
Of coercion. But when this defense Ii
successfully attacked, then the Russians
merely say that the whole discussion
makes no sense and walk out. And to
them 1t does not make sense, because
their code is not the same as that Of
the other disputants.