davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Guards
Continued From First Page.)

(COntlnueQ from First Page.)
muzzle of his carbine, the veteran
of II years in the Marine Corps at
tempted to blast the steel bars in
the cell windows with rifle grenades
The bars were too closely spaced te
permit passage of hand grenades.
THE carbine didn't have the
range, so after several grenades fell
short, switched to an MI" Buck
ner explained. The Garand MI
rifle was standard infantry equip
ment in the war.
my shoulder is kinda blue this
morning" he grinned. Usually we
use padding when firing rifle gre
nades, but there wasn't any around
They'd make good Marines" he
said, paying the prison guards the
highest compliment in "leatherneck
lingo"
Il watched from the visiting room
while they rescued other guards who
were hostages. They put down q
covering fire SO thick none of the
rebels could raise their heads to
fire.
Then, two at time, guards would
dash into the cell block and carry
out one of their buddies until all
were safe"
Pfc. George j. Meyers of Los
Angeles, one of Buckner's fire.
leaders, said Buckner understood
that we were to enter the cell block
and clean the resisting prisoners
out. He said that Warden Johnston
wouldn't give us permission to enter
the cell block. area. = We coulo
have cleaned them out in no time
Pfc. A. L. Smith of Alexandria
S. OAK, and Pfc. Vernon Weber OF
Bridgewater, S. Oak, nodded their
heads in agreement.
so then Buckner ordered us to
check our carbines," Meyers con-
tinued, land not to fire unless we
were fired at or unless the prisoners
got out of hand"
Buckner was the only Marine ac-
tually to engage in the fight with
the prisoners. His men guarded
the stockade or "bull pen" where the
prisoners who had refused to Join
the fight burned everything made
of wood in an effort to keep warm
The warrant officer plans to &c
back to Alcatraz soon-for a visit
"The warden told me-" he said
ito come back any time. Said he'c
give me a dukes tour of the place.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Putuxent River Center
To Hold Open House

The Naval Air Test Center at
Patuxent River. Md, will hold open
house Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday in line with observances
slated by the Potomac River Naval
Command for the first anniversary
Of We day.
Continuous tours will be con-
Quoted for civilian visitors from 9
am. to 3 pm. each day. Among
exhibits will be captured Japanese
and German aircraft and seaplanes
now being used by the Navy for air.
sea rescue and observation work.
Firing demonstrations of primary
weapons at the armament test
grounds will be held each dey at
II IN. and pm.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
15Nations Told 10 End
Buying Missions Here
To Spur Private Trade
BY the A.soeioied Pres,

The United States has asked IL
foreign governments, including the
major wartime Allies. to disband
their purchasing missions in this
country as soon as possible in a
move to get trade into private
channels.
The State Department, announc-
ing this action yesterday, also de-
clared the policy that so long as
official agencies continue to engage
IN world trade. such state trading
agencies should conduct their trade
In accordance with usual CONNER
ciai considerations"
The only justification recognized
IN the State Department announce
ment for any delay in getting rid of
the purchasing missions here is
that during the transition period
the continuance of governmental
participation in trade may be re-
quired to bring about the prompt
reconVerslon of the economies of
the world, stability of prices, and
equitable distribution of available
supplies"
The governments which have been
asked to disband their missions are
Great Britain, Russia, France, Aus
tralla. Belgium, China, Greece, IN
ola. Italy. the Netherlands New
Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal
and Union of South Africa.
These are all the nations having
purchasing missions here. The State
Department said that there was
general concurrence" with its policy
OF getting back to private trade.
Representatives of several nations
said their purchasing mission work
had already been much reduced
and would be ended this year.
In their talks with the foreign
representatives., State Department
officials declared that purchases
made here during the transition
period from war to peace conditions
should be only to meet essential
civilian requirements for relief and
rehabilitation"
Ihe Russian representatives were
told that in the particular circum-
stances raised by the fact that the
Russian Government normally con-
trolls all Soviet trade, commerce be-
tween the United States and the
Soviet Union should again be con-
Quoted by one or more agencies in
corporated in this country as was
done before the war. The great
Soviet trading organization in the
preWar years was Amtorg.
Evening star., 1946-05-05


on the panel of 20 American lawyers
defending the Jap war lords.
Asked about the position of ar
American lawyer in defending these
former enemies, Mr.. Guider said q
fair trial was in the interest Of every
American "in order that no doubts
may ever be cast on the validity Of
any verdict or findings that are
reached"
I'VE will have to live ourselves
under any new law that may come
out OF these trials and defense coun.
sci are in the best possible position
to test the wisdom and validity OF
any new or novel legal theories tha,
may be urged upon the court" he
added.
1T is likely that some of these
theories will find no previous ex.
preston in either statute, treaty OF
custom and we should test then
carefully before we permit them te
be adopted as our considered con-
cept of international responsibility.
A 1922 graduate of the Nava,
Academy, Mr.. Guider graduated
from Georgetown Law School ir
1926 and practiced law for l6 year.
in Washington before going on &C.
tive duty in the Navy in September
1912. He was partner as well a.
son-in-law of the late Frank j
Hogan, a leadep of the District bal
and former president of the Ameri.
can Bar Association.
He was officially commended fol
his naval service by the Secretary
Of the Navy.
Mr.. Guider will go to Tokyo as 6
civilian.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Tennessee Statehood
Exhibit Opens June |

An exhibit in honor of the ses-
quicentennial of the statehood oi
Tennessee will be given from June
through August Is at the Library
Of Congress, Luther H. Evans, Ii.
brarian, announced today.
The exhibition will be presented
in two parts. The display in the
north gallery will consist of maps
manuscripts, books and similar ma
terial portraying Tennessee's his.
toric development from early day!
to the present. The exhibit in thu
ground floor gallery will consist Of
enlarged photographs of contem.
porary Tennessee.
Tennessee. which entered the
Union in 1796, has given the Natior
three Presidents, Andrew Jackson
James K. Polk and Andrew John.
son.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
New Flight to Coast
Scheduled by UAL

United Air Lines will inaugurate q
new high-speed daily service be.
tween Washington and San Fran
cisco Friday in addition to the pres.
ent three flights daily to Chicago
and the West Coast, according to ar
announcement yesterday by o. C
Enge, district manager of traffic ano
sales.
The new flight, stopping only a.
Toledo, Chicago and Denver, viii
leave National Airport in the late
afternoon, arriving in San Fran
cisco about dawn. Return flights
will leave the West Coast in the
evening, reaching here shortly after
noon.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Rutgers Club to Hear
Case Tuesday Niqht

Representative Case, Republican,
Of New jersey will speak at a meet
ing of the Rutgers Club of Wash
ington at pm. Tuesday at the
National Press Club, Fourteenth
and F. streets NV.
Alumni and others formerly con-
nected with Rutgers University are
urged to advise Caspar Names
local club president, $500 Porter
street NV, if they can attend the
meeting. Refreshments will be
served after Mr.. Cases talk.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Membership Chairman
OF Patton Post Named

Earl H. Smith has been named
membership chairman of the George
5. Patton, jr.. Tank Corps Post, No
l9, American Legion, to direct the
l946 enrolment campaign, Harry F.
Young, jr., post commander, an
nounced today.
The post is open to all former
servicemen. Mr.. Young said his unit
Will urge enactment of universal mil
1tary training legislation as a part
OF its program this year.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Dietetic Association
Will Meet Tomorrow

The District Dietetic Association
will hold its first annual meeting
starting at II am. tomorrow at the
Hotel Mayfower and continuing
through a dinner session at 7:3O
pm. Speakers will be 1t. Comdr
Helen E. Walsh of the United States
Public Health Service, Ida Jean
kaln, w. R. Hoover; Dallas Smith
and Augusta Clawson of Govern
ment Services, Inc, and DR.. w. R.
Aykroyd OF the United Nations Food
and Agriculture organization.
DR.. Aykroyd will speak at the din
ner session on Problems of Nutri-
ton in Poor Countries"
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Retired U. 5. Chemist, 83.
Disappears on Auto Trip

William O. Emery, 83, of 2232
Cathedral avenue NV, a retired
Government chemist, has been
missing from his home since Friday
afternoon when he took his car to
go search for wild flowers, police
reported yesterday.
His son, Gustave Emery of the
same address, told police that his
father made hobby of collecting
wild flowers but always had re-
turned home early.
Police said they are working or
the theory advanced by Gustave
Emery that the father may have
become lost or had car trouble or
a lonely country road.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Miss Marie Sosu Weds
Cupt. Robert G. Skinner

Miss Marie B. Sosa, 10, of Long
Island City, N. Y Merchant Marine
and Capt. Robert c. Skinner, 26, OF
Washington, were married yesterday
IN Greenwich, Conn, according tc
an Associated Press dispatch.
The bride is the daughter of Mrs
Frank S. Sosa of Long Island City
Capt. Skinner. who participated in
numerous invasions during the war
is the son of w. H. Skinner, 1928
Columbia road NV, general counsel
Tor the Maritime and War Shipping
Administration.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
AIcutruz
Continued From First Page.)

standing grudge by killing Sites
A number of years ago he broke ur
an attempted escape, killing on.
convict
The riot quickly got out of hanc
and the warden called for help
San Francisco police, Navy ane
Coast Guard boats patrolled tn.
island to intercept any prisoner.
who might reach the water.
A detachment of Marines, led by
Warrant Officer Charles L. Buck.
ner, formerly of Memphis, Tenn.
landed on the island and took un.
Evening star., 1946-05-05

week, John w.
Guider, one of
the lawyers who
will defend them
declared las t
night.
Mr.. Guider, a
senior partner
In the Washing
ton firm of Ho-
gan and Hart
son, who was re-
Gently released
from active duty
in the Navy as
a captain, plans
to fly to Tokyo
Tuesday to serve
Evening star., 1946-05-05

A Treasury opinion poll reveals
that u per cent of the Americans
who have been investing in War
Bonds on the payroll savings plan
want to continue buying United
States Savings Bonds that way,
They can.
Evening star., 1946-05-05
ID. {. Defender Of Tojo
Says U. 5. Will Gain
In Giving Fair Trial

The interest OF every American
will be served in giving "scrup-
ulously fair trial" to TOTO and the
other Jap war leaders indicted last
Evening star., 1946-05-05
Philippines
Continued From First Page

merely to cooperate with America s
policy in the Philippines but also
to do everything in the power OF
the Philippine government in en-
abling the United States to safe
guard all military, naval and air
bases it may desire permanently to
establish here in the Philippines"
Wants American Capital.
In his statement Thursday Mr.
RoXas also said he was committed
to policy of stimulating the influx
of American capital to the Philip
pines. He explained that as a re-
suit of the war the Philippines con-
stituted IAN almost complete eco
nomic vacuum" without sufficient
home capital, and therefore unless
American capital comes to our aid
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
PAC Issues
New MonuoI

NEW YORK (LPA)-A 200,
page Manual of Practical Polit.
ical Action" detailin G PAC
methods and technicques of
building a political organization
and conducting a political cam
paign was published here last
week by the National Citizens
Political Action Committee.
An oversize illustrated vol.
ume, the Manual is a loose-leaf
cumulative book with articles
ranging from building a regis.
ter.and.vote campaign to meth
DDS of electing progressive legis-
lators. Designed, according to
the editors, 'to help make
democracy work" the Manual
lis intended for the use of the
politically conscious American
who would encourage similar
consciousness in his fellow citi-
zens."
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
Refoin Efficiency

political Advertisement,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
CIO Head Hits
Discrimination

ASHIN G. TON, Oct. 30
LPA) - A decision handed
down by the National War
Labor Board a few years ago
doing away with wage differ
ential among workers Of differ
ent races and nationalities, in
the Miami Copper Co., has d.
rect bearing on the present or
ganizing drive in the south. It
lis by far the shsrpest blow lev
eled against the practice of pay
ing a Negro or Mexican worker
a wage lower than that paid a
white worker for identical work
wrote James J. Leary. secre-
tary-treasurer of the Interna-
tional Union of Mine. Mill &
Smelter Workers-CIO. in an
article in the Chicago Defender
this week.
The case, which was prose
cuted by the MMSW-CIO, in
volved Negro, Indian and Mex
ferrous metal mines, W h o s 2
ferrous metal wines, whose
wages were historically below
those paid Anglo American
males for the same work. In the
Boards ruling on this significant
case, the classifications, "colored
laborer" and white laborer''
were to be abolished and all en-
ployes affected reclassified.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01

the war ended, the clamor for
the end of price control and the
excess profits tax began, be-
cause business wanted to keep
on piling up the profits. 1t
didn't take long to see that
business was getting its own
way, and that labor and the
public would have to pay the
price.
BASIC ISSUE
That was the basic issue for
thousands of workers who
walked picket lines during the
winter of 1945. How could
that issue have been arbi-
trated? What judge could
have settled that issue? Fact
finding panels were sc up.
They recommended that some
wage increases be paid out of
profits. What attention did
OPA and Congress pay to
these recommendations?
Did the strikes do any good?
Well, let's look at the record
The record shows that 88 per
cent of the employees in manu-
featuring industries got wage
increases between vi Day and
May of 1946. In the non-man-
ufacturing industries, VIII e e
workers aren't so we'll organiz-
ed and where there weren't so
many strikes, less than so per
cent of the workers got wage
increases.
Most of the strikes were set
tied by 18c wage hikes. But
half of the workers in manu-
featuring goet less than Ice.
DEMOCRATIC BASIS
Does that mean that I'm ar
guing in favor of strikes?
Heaven forbid! / am arguing
that the proposals for arbitra-
ton must take this situation
into account.
They must take into ac-
count the fact that business is
doing all the wrong things as
far as wages and prices are
concerned. Their wage price
policies were wrong between
1922 and 1929. They were
wrong during the war. They
are wrong now. Industry re-
fuses to accept any respOn-
sibility for keeping us out of
a crash, except in the
speeches that business leaders
make. How will judge ham
die that problem when we
bring in a demand for a wage
increase?
I'm going to keep on watch
ng the proposals, supporting
wherever it can be
made to work. But I'm going
o keep on hoping that labor
will not give up its basic right
o take immediate strike action
When that action is needed
Vithopt that right, not only la
,or<<but all d e ocracy is
Ieomed.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
NeWSmen Win
Angelo Award

NEW YORK, Oct. 80 (LPA)-
The 1916 Haywood Broun Mem
orial Award, presented annually
by the American Newspaper
Guild-CIO, was awarded last
week to three staff members of
the Chicago Times for their joint
efforts in freeing from prison a
man unjustly convicted of muir
der.
Awarded in memory of Broun,
crusading columnist, founder and
first president of the Guild, the
citation is for the best work Gin
the spirit of Haywood Broun"
and carries with it a $3.50 u. S.
savings bond.
Winners were: Karin Walsh,
Chicago Times city editor, and
James Mcguire and Jack Nc
Phaul, reporters. The Broun
award story was one of the most
dramatic ever reported in the
Chicago press and was an ex-
elusive story from the beginning
in the Times. 1t was the story
of Joe Majczek who in 1888 was
sentenced to SO years in prison
for the murder of a policeman.
Proven innocent by the Times
men, he finally was freed by a
gubernatorial pardon on August
IA, 1945.
A second award went to Mar
guerite Gahagan, reporter for
the Detroit News, who worked
virtually single-handed for many
months after refusing to believe
in the guilt of two 18-year-olds,
one white and the other Negro,
convicted in race riot killings in
1943. On evidence she unearth-
ed one youth has been acquitted,
and the other is out of prison
awaiting a second trial, with vir-
tual assurance he too will be
found not guilty.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
Negroes Fight For Rights

BIRMINGHAM (LPA)-The
brotherhoods of operating train
men last week were accused by
President A. Philip Randolph of
the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters, AFL, of trying to make
the railroads a "lily-white" in
dustry. Randolph, who is also
chairman of a Provisional Com
mittee to Organize Negro Loco
motive Firemen, accused the
powerful railroad unions" of
planning with certain operators
to undermine the status of Ne
gro employees "in an industry
which in its early stages de-
pended largely upon N egro
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01

Political Advertisement}
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01

was asked if labor would
rather settle its grievances by
strikes or through fact find
ing set up of some kind. SO I'm
passing the question along to
you.
The reason for all this is that
lot of people are trying to
find some way of settling labor
management disputes without
strikes. Of course, labor has
been trying to do just that for
long time, without much sue
cess, and wouldn' mind getting
little help even now. SO I've
been going into some of the pro-
posals that have been made to
see what we can learn from
them.
TO JUDGE LABOR
Most of the proposals have
the same idea back of them.
Most of them want labor to put
our case up to some arbitrator,
or judge, or panel. Most of
them want to let some i'm
partial" person or body decide
whether labor is right or wrong
in what it is asking for.
Certainly there are a lot of
dispute issue that could be de-
cided that way. A lot of strikes
would never happen if both
sides were willing to arbitrate
the issues. But not all issues
are the kind that can be ar
bitrated.
There were a lot of strikes
in the months right after the
end of the war. Go back over
them in your own mind, and re-
member what most of them were
about.
is CAUSE
They were about the fact that
prices were going up steadily,
with no end to the inflationary
spiral in sight. Workers saw
the bread and butter on their
dinner tables threatened by
plain and simple greed. They
saw their jobs being wiped out
because soon only the ricn
would be able to buy what
workers could produce.
How do you arbitrate that
kind of issue?
Business economists have said
that it was profiteering that
caused the depression of 1929.
Business did such a good job of
profiteering prosperity to death
that it took a great war to end
the depression.
During the depression, the
same economists said that prof
iteering was getting worse
When the war came, we saw
that "worse" really meant; we
saw the worst spree of profit
Aiking we had ever seen. When
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01

BY a margin of more than
100000 votes the TUG adj
vocated severance of diplo-
matte relations with Franco
Spain, and granted the govern
ment a vote of confidence in its
policy in Greece. The latter fol-
lowed no punches pulled
speech by Prime Minister Glenn
ent Atlee who assailed interna-
tional communism.
Democracy is a much abused
word" Atlee told the delegates.
1T is often used by those who
have understood or practiced
democratic principles, to mean
the achievement of power, by
hook or more often by crook, by
the Communist Party while
freedom means the denial of lib
erty to all those who refuse to
accept the Communist phil
osophy.
Call Everyone Fascist"
Everyone who does not take
his orders from the Commun-
lists" Atlee continues, is de-
scribed as Fascist. The criter-
ion by which these people judge
their action is simple one. If
in any part of the world the
Communist Party, by no mat
ter what means, is in power,
that is democracy. If anywhere
the Communists fail, then, how
ever fair the conditions, it is re-
garded as fascism."
Support of legislation seeking
a 40-hour week and national
minimum wage was disapprov-
ed, the latter because it would
tend to become a maximum
wage, it was argued.
Opposed Closed Shop
Retiring President Charles
Dukes opposed the closed shop
proposal, now a controversial
issue in TUG ranks; advocated
a greater share for workers in
management and emphasized
wider union responsibilities.
Discussing the TUC-govern-
ment relations he said, "The old
employer-employee relationship
will continue to exist in nation
allied industry, but in funda-
mentally altered form. The en-
ploying authority no longer rep
resents limited private inter
est engaged in the pursuit of
profits. | represents public
Interest. The welfare of the
whole community is its concern.
1t will conduct the industry as
a social service, owing obliga-
ions equally to the workers it
employees, the consumers it
serves, and to the people as a
whole.
New wage relationships, it
seems to me, and a new tech
nique in collective bargaining,
must be evolved to meet this
altered situation as regards ma
ionalized industry at any rate"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01

political ADVERTISEMENT
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
No Substitute Found
For Right To Strike
BY BEN DOR
LPA CoLunlniSt

would yot rather sit? In bright before
finding panel wooden by closed factory gate
fire in tin between your feet? Or isn't that really
the question?
asking you, I recently rather
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-11-01
Clement AHee Hits
Communist Hypocrisy

LONDON, Oct 80 QPA)-The 9th annual convention
of the British Trades Union Congress- representing 900
workers. last week confronted unique problems growing
of the relations between the union and the
C1nvernment
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-08-22
Civil War 4-F
 I0A Today; He'd JNst as lief SlaY On

WEST PALM BEACH, Fla, Aug. 22.-Lewis w. (Dad) Brown, who was considered too small (4 feet inches) and too puny (98 pounds to fight in the Civil War, com plained on his l04th birthday today that one trip a month to the nov ies isn't enough
 T don't get enough exercise" he said. T could ride bicycle, if l had one"
 His nurse, Miss Freda Kirk. did not agree. She recalled that an early morning walk to town last winter put Dad to bed for three days
 The diminutive patrician from Ashe county, N C., held court on the nursing homes lawn and found life good.
 If life is always this pleasant, ' he observed, I'd just as lief stay on for awhile