davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-15

he E piscopa| Church in General Convention

of st. Paul's and later Bishop of
Washington.
The convention was held at the
Church of the Epiphany, the
bishops meeting in the parish hall
and the deputies in the church.
Present on October 5 were United
States Supreme Court Justice Fuller,
who was a lay delegate from Chi
cago, and j. Pierpont Morgan, the
famous financier. The remarriage
of divorced persons was one of the
issues before the gathering.
An event that dampened some
what the social spirit of the conven-
ton occurred october 7. While
President and Mrs. Mckinley were
entertaining the Episcopal Council
at the White House that evening,
Evening star., 1946-09-15

lain Of the expedition. Not long
afterward a small wooden church
was built, and in 1t John Rolfe and
Pocahontas were married In 1914.
A brick church, remains of which
are still standing. replaced the
wooden one in 1899.
Direct connection between the
Colonial churches and the mother
church In England was established
in 1850 when the Rev. Samuel Blair
became the first Commissioner of
Virginia. He represented the Bishop
of London. under whose Jurisdiction
the American churches were placed.
Blair is perhaps best remembered
today as founder of William and
Mary College, the first institution of
higher learning in the country.
Evening star., 1946-09-15
By Cospor Names

the House Of Deputies, a post he
held through the 1910 convention.
District delegates to the House of
Deputies were the Revs. George r.
Dudley, rector Of st. Stephens
Church; Robert Johnson, rector of
St. Johns Church: George c. F..
Bratenahl, dean of the Washington
Cathedral, and DR.. Phillips. Lay
delegates were Hugh T. Nelson, All
Souls Church; Harry L. Rust, sr.
ST. Paul's Church; Arthur s.
Browne, Rock Creek Church and
chancellor of the diocese. and DIR.
w. s. Bowen, st. Adams Church.
Evening star., 1946-09-15
Threats of War in '92
Compelled I'd Term

1t is commonly supposed that the
farewell address was conceived as
the most suitable means Of advising
the people that Washington would
decline to serve a third time as
President. But he conceived of this
idea during his first term and he
fully intended to issue the address
in 1892, in time for the voters to
turn their attention to the choice of
new President. He told Madison
and Hamilton of his purpose, and
requested them to draft a rough out
line OF what they would deem appro-
pirate for him to say to the people.
Copies of paragraphs and inter-
l1neated pages, in the handwriting
of each OF Washington's advisers.
are extant.
The plan to decline a second term
was abandoned by Washington
when he encountered dark clouds
and threatened tempests in 1892 as
France and England grappled and
drew other nations into war. The
United States was never in greater
danger. Washington witnessed the
probable collapse of the Republic
and the ruin of all that his life and
toll had strived to establish. He
was compelled to keep his hand on
the wheel or see the ship of state go
down. Accordingly he accepted a
second term as President, and soon
after his second Inauguration he
issued the celebrated proclamation
of neutrality, which saved the
United States from annihilation.
This act, he foresaw, would subject
him to the most savage criticism and
abuse from the frenzied partisans of
France on the one hand and equally
frenzied partisans of Britain on the
other. But he squared his jaw,
gripped the rudder more firmly, and
stuck to his course, as he had done
when disaster had dogged him dur
ing the Revolutionary War. The
Evening star., 1946-09-15

their suggestions along the lines he
laid down and made it very plain
to them that he reserved the right
to adopt, amend, revise or reject any
or all of their suggestions. From
them he gathered several valuable
ideas and happy phrases which he
wove into the finished product.
With his usual painstaking care he
wrote the address, revising it in some
details up to the last moment. Then
he called in Mr.. David G. Claypoole,
publisher of the American Daily
Advertiser. the leading journal In
Philadelphia, and handed him the
of the address for publ
cation. This was on September II,
Evening star., 1946-09-15

DR.. Bowen Is an alternate at the
present convention.
The Right Rev. James Edward
Freeman was Bishop of Washington.
Gen. John J. Pershing was chair
man Of the National Committee for
the Washington Cathedral Fund.
The Star of october 10, 1923, noted
there were nearly 10000 persons at
the opening Of the convention. One
proposal suggested the church call
conference Of clergymen, en-
ployers and industries to discuss
the implications of Christian
principles in industrial relations. .
Retention of the 80 articles Of
religion in the Common Book of
Prayer was another important is
sue. as was the approval by the
House of Bishops Of the dry laws.
The convention voted approval of
Evening star., 1946-09-15

retain the manuscript as a souvenir,
If the President was willing, and
Gen. Washington handed it back
to Mr.. Claypoole, with his compli-
ments.
The fact that Gen. Washing
ton had invited suggestions touch
ing the preparation of the farewell
address was made the basis of
foolish attempt by relatives of
Alexander Hamilton, then deceased,
to make it appear that Hamilton,
and not Washington, was the sole
inspirer and author. Considerable
correspondence passed between
these parties and friends of WASH
ington, and the letters Of both great
Evening star., 1946-09-15

- HE 55th General Convention
OF the Episcopal Church,
now meeting in Philadel-
phia, bears certain obvious
resemblances to the first authorized
convention there in 1785. Then. as
now, the country was readjusting
itself to peace after bitter war.
The church was daced with prob
lens of historic Importance.
With 1e clergymen and "a laymen
In attendance at Christ Church In
1875, the denomination was strug-
Cling to establish itself on a firm
basis in the newly created Nation.
A major task was to send a COM
munication to the bishops of the
Church Of England concerning the
necessary legislation for the conse-
Grafton Of American bishops. An
other was the drafting of tenta-
tive church constitution, and a third
was the revision of the English
Church Prayer Book to fit new con-
ditions.
Today the church has $50 bishops.
325 clergymen and 325 laymen par
ticipating in the convention. But
the problems it faces are equally as
important as those of 1785. There
Is the question of union with the
Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. A
new presiding bishop must be elected
to succeed the Right Rev. Henry St.
George Tucker. The location of a
See for the presiding bishop, prob
ably in or near Washington, will be
argued. Liberalization of marriage
and divorce canons is still an unde-
cided and debatsble issue. Mrs.
Randolph H. Dyer of the st. Louis
Diocese, first woman delegate to the
House of Deputies, won her seat
without a debate, which had been
anticipated.
Supreme legislative body of the
church is the General Convention.
which meets every three years. 1t
Evening star., 1946-09-15

the Kellogg BRAND peace pact out
lawing war.
There have been many changes in
personnel and issues since 1928. The
Bishop of Washington now is the
Right Rev. Angus Dun. Delegates
to the House of Deputies are: The
Rev. Drs. Charles w. Sheerin, rector
Of the Church of the Epiphany;
Theodore o. Dedel, warden of the
College of Preachers at Washington
Cathedral, and G. Leslie Glenn,
rector Of st. Johns Church, La
fayette Square. Lay delegates will
be Ernest w. Greene, st. Margaret S
Church; Ogle r. Singleton, Church
Evening star., 1946-09-15

Of the Epiphany; Thomas E. Robert
son, All Saints Church, Chevy
Chase, Md, and Charles F. Wilson,
Church of the Epiphany.
The history of the Episcopal
church in America goes back to
the 10Th century when Francis
Fletcher, one of Sir Francis brakes
chaplains, held the first service at
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.
In 1887 Virginia Dare, the first
child born of English parents in
America, was baptized.
Continuity of the Church of Eng
land in America dates from the
settling of jamestown, Va, June
21, 1907. The next day the settlers
stretched an old sail to several trees,
made seats of logs. placed a bar
between two trees for a pulpit and
then listened to Robert Hunt, chap
Evening star., 1946-09-15
Joy Riding to Better Health
On Unique Hospital Ship
By Arlene Wolf

dragged to the free dental, medical
and oral hygiene clinics by their
mothers. The oral hygienist seems to
be the most popular-word has gotten
around that she doesn't hurt" No
one is required to take advantage
of these health facilities, but all
three clinics do brisk business
every day. In an average year,
about $50 youngsters learn the dos
and don'ts of medical care. $50
mothers and 1900 children are
examined by the doctor and hum
dreds get on-the-spot filings or
extractions in the dentists Office,
located in a dummy smokestack.
Meanwhile, on the top sundeck.
babies snooze peacefully in deck
hammocks and cribs, mothers relax
in the sunshine, and the older chill
dren (age IL is the oldest permitted
aboard play games apparently con-
sisting mainly of dashing from one
end of the play area to the other
and screaming Justify at the same
time. The kids who weren't playing
were cutting out things and making
obscure new ones in 'handicrafts
section. Others just hung over the
rail and stared at the water, passing
ships and the orra siopa1 cillIs
Even lunch, provided by the Guild,
which is supported by private con-
doesn't quell the hubbub.
Babies scream for the formulas pre-
pared for them on board. and there
is audible comment from the older
kids who, as one youngster put 1t.
thought the sandwiches and milk
were really delicious"
Evening star., 1946-09-15

word was received by the Presidents
wife that her brother. George
Saton, had been killed at Canton,
Ohio. The tragedy was not an
nounced, however, until the recep-
ton was over.
President Coolidge welcomed dele
gates to the 1923 meeting at
Cathedral Close on Mount St. Alban
There were now l46 bishops and $40
clerical and lay delegates represent
ing u oioceses and 20 American and
II foreign missionary districts. The
House of Bishops met at the Willard
Hotel and the House of Deputies at
Constitution Hall The presiding
bishop was the Right Rev. John
Gardner Murray, Bishop of Mary
land. The Rev. Ze Barney r Phil
lips, rector of the Church Of the
Epiphany, was elected president Of
Evening star., 1946-09-15
By Sol Bloom
Chairman, House Committee on Foreign Affairs

neutrality proclamation became the
model for all nations, was embedded
in international law, and served as
guide for the United States in
1885 and 1887, when President
Roosevelt vainly strove to avoid in
volvement in the war begun by the
insane Nazis.
BY 1895 the danger Of American
defeat in war had passed, and
Washington had succeeded In put
ting through the Jay treaty, in spite
of its unpopularity. The country
was safe, and he could retire. Again
he requested Madison and Hamilton
to submit their ideas as to the
formation Of a valedictory message
to the voters Of the country. He
cautioned both friends to phrase
Evening star., 1946-09-15

In the late l7th century there
were II Episcopal clergymen in
Maryland. Is in Virginia, three in
North and South Carolina, two each
in Pennsylvania and New England
and one in New York. At the same
time there were only four church
buildings outside of Virginia and
Maryland-one each in New York
Charleston, Boston and Philadel-
phia.
The Revolutionary War, as well
as the Civil War later, split the
clergymen and communicates. Many
found the ties to the mother coun-
try and church hard to break. But
some leaders of the Revolution were
Episcopalians, George Washington
being one of them
On November 9, 1870, DR.. William
Smith Of Maryland, Dr. Samuel
Evening star., 1946-09-15
Washington's FareweII Address

, men were examined to gain light
on the subject. John Marshall,
author of the Life of Washington,
and Justice Bushrod Washington,
custodian of Washington's papers,
expressed their vigorous indigna-
ton in repelling the implied slur
upon the literary integrity OF Gen
Washington. Every letter, every
scrap of paper that has ever seen
the light confirms the fact that
George Washington. and no one
else. composed and uttered the fare
we'll address.
The original manuscript remained
the property Of Mr.. Claypoole for
many years. After his death his
estate was cleared up, and the
manuscript was listed with other
objects to be sold at auction on
February IL, 1850. James Lenox, of
New York, a famous collector of
books and manuscripts, was keenly
interested in the fate of the docu-
ment bearing Washingtons i'm
mortal message to his countrymen
Mr.. LenoX, with commendable pub
lie spirit, made 1t known that if
the Government desired the manu-
script he would not attempt to
acquire 1t, but that otherwise he
proposed to offer a bid for it.
Congress Acts Too Late
To Get Manuscript
Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky
learned Of the impending auction
and on January "a, 1850, he offered
joint resolution authorizing pur-
chase of the manuscript by the
Joint Committee on the Library
This resolution evoked some dis
cussion in both houses 1t was OPP
posed by Senator Jefferson Davis on
the ground that the manuscript it.
self had no value, since its contents
were universally known, and that
the Government should not expend
money on such objects. Senator
Andrew johnson also opposed the
resolution, saying that the owners
of notable relics would profiteer at
the expense Of the Government to
the extent Of offering Washington's
empty whisky bottle" and similar
trifles at fantastic prices If Con-
gress should open its purse at all
There was no real opposition to
the purchase in Congress, but there
was indifference and inexcusable
delay. Consequently it was not until
the day Of the auction that Presi-
dent Taylor signed the joint resolu-
ton. which had passed by a large
majority.
1t was too late for the agents of
Congress to enter bid for the
manuscript. James Lenox, however,
was not so dilatory. He had taken
pains to be represented at the auc-
tion by a friend, who bid in the
document for $4,000. 1t was given
the place of honor in the library
of Mr.. Lenox and passed with his
collection into the possession of the
New York Public Library, where 1t
is now safely preserved at And
street and Fifth avenue.
Perhaps, some day, the farewell
address will repose alongside the
Constitution and the Declaration of
Independence, in the Library Of
Congress. But in any event 1t is
forever enshrined In American
hearts.
Evening star., 1946-09-15

179s. and incidentally it was the
anniversary of the signing of the
Constitution. On account of the
length Of the address, Mr.. Clay
poole advised President Washington
that several days would be required
to put 1t in type; so it was arranged
to have 1t appear on September 10,
and the date was changed accord
ingly, by Washington himself, to
read United States, 18th Septem-
Der, 1896" r.
Mr.. Claypoole later called upon
President Washington to thank him
for the honor of being chosen as
the medium for publication of the
address, and to return the manu-
script. He expressed desire to
Evening star., 1946-09-15
- EPTEMBER is a red letter
- month in American annals. In
this month two perpetual bless

~ EPTEMBER Is red letter
month in American annals. In
I this month two perpetual bless
ings were bestowed upon the
United States-the Constitution and
Washington's Farewell Address
Twice every year, the people pay
homage to the last message of the
founder of the Republican Septem-
tember 10th, the date Of the Farewell
Address, and February %, the date
of Washington birth, when the ad-
dress is read in each house of Con-
gress by member thereof. Thus the
admonitions Of the founder are kept
green in the minds OF millions, year
after year, and we cannot prefigure
the time when Americans will ignore
and forget Washington's parting ad-
vice to them.
Supplementing the Constitution,
and applying its principles in direct
fashion to both domestic and foreign
policy, the farewell address is in fact
one of the great stones in the foun-
dation of the Nation. 1t has been
consulted at every phase of our his
tory. When its counsel has been fol-
lowed the country has thrived, and
whenever the people have failed to
follow the path outlined by the one
who blazed it, they have been COM
PEELED to retrace their steps.
Evening star., 1946-09-15
Conventions of 1898, 1923
Held in Washington

Two of the IS General Conven-
tionS have been held in Washington
in 1898 and in 1923. The 1898 meet
ing was one of the longest. running
from October to 25. Presiding
Bishop John Williams of Connec-
ticut was i'll and the convention
was presided over by the Right Rev.
William c. Doane, Bishop of Al
bany. The Rev. Morgan Dix Of
New York was elected president
of the House of Deputies There
were 81 members of the House of
Bishops and 504 clerical and lay
deputies, representing SO dioceses
and 20 missionary districts, in the
House OF Deputies.
Washington was represented in
the House Of Bishops by the Right
Rev. Henry Y. Satterlee, Bishop of
Washington, and by the Revs. j. H.
Elliott, rector of Ascension Church;
Randolph McKim, rector of Church
of the Epiphany; Mackay-Smith,
rector Of St. Johns, Lafayette
Square, and Alfred Harding. rector
Evening star., 1946-09-15


all over the country devoted
to any single malady for
more than a decade, remains about
the most puzzling of epidemic dis
eases-and potentially one of the
greatest menaces of the human race
The present figure for funds de-
voted to polio research from the late
President Franklin D. Roosevelt S
birthday balls, as estimated by the
National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis, headed by Basil O'Connor
chairman of the American Red
Cross, is $14, ,468 ,00O
Still the disease of which there
have been $50 cases with IL deaths
in the District in the past 10 years
defies science.
It's behavior is a bundle of con-
tradictions, say virus disease au-
thorities Of the National Institute
of Health. 1t is well known, fol
example, that at least 80 per cent
Of all persons in this country, in
areas where tests have been made
have had the disease at some time
In some groups this runs as high as
100 per cent of all persons more
than 20 years old. Only about ont
in thousand ever had the slightest
suspicion of the fact. Either there
were no symptoms whatsoever, OF
the victims may have felt trife of
form for day or two.
Nobody's Immune,
Blood Tests Indicate
The almost universal prevalence
of polio becomes apparent from
blood serum tests. In the blood o.
nearly every American adult ther'
are polio antibodies which, so fal
as known, could not have beer
formed except in response to an at
tack of the disease itself. AS on
goes down the age scale below 20
fewer and fewer persons have thes,
antibodies and they disappear en-
tirely in the blood serum of small
children. This leads to the con
clusion that nobody is born immun,
to the disease.
Undoubtedly some persons have {
high resistance to the virus, how
ever, while others apparently have
no resistance at all. Nobody ha:
been able to find out, or even make
good guess, as to where the diff
ference lies At the National Insti.
tute of Health, mice which were tn,
result of several generations ol
brother and sister matings-which il
supposed to make the animals al
nearly identical In all physical char
Evening star., 1946-09-15

consists of House of Bishops and
a House of Clerical and Lay Depu-
ties. The latter is made up of four
clergymen and four laymen from
each diocese and one clergyman and
one layman from each missionary
district. There are now "A dioceses
and % missionary districts in the
United States and several overseas.
The presiding bishop acts as
chairman of the House of Bishops.
The House of Deputies elects a
president at each triennial convoca-
ton.
The General Convention operates
similarly to Congress. Either house
may initiate legislation. but both
Houses must approve proposals be-
fore they become church law.
Evening star., 1946-09-15

acters as possible, were infected with
the disease. They were given exactly
the same amounts of the virus
under Identical conditions. Some be-
came sick in one day. Others showed
no signs of the disease for 40 days.
The incubation period of the germ
thus remains completely unknown.
In other experiments with off,
spring of brother sister matings, it
was found that with a sufficiently
large dose, every mouse would be-
come sick. When the dose was de-
creased, a smaller and smaller per-
centage showed any signs of the
malady and it could finally be re-
duced to the point where only one
of large group was affected. Yet
absolutely no difference could be
found between the mouse suscepti-
BILE to the smallest dose and the
one that required the largest dose.
Experiments of this sort have gone
on in many labora tories and the
results have been the same.
Tests With Thiamine
Rule Out Factor
Recently what seemed to be a
real clue was reported. Mice fed
heavily with -Vitamin B
one-were found susceptible to much
smaller doses than those deprived OF
this vitamin. When this experiment
was tried with cotton rats, however,
the difference was much smaller.
With monkeys the difference was
practically nonexistent 1t Is fair to
assume that thiamine is not a fac
tor in the susceptibility of human
beings.
In a fair-sized epidemic, one per-
son out Of thousand shows clinical
signs of the disease and the ma jor-
ity Of these recover completely. A
small number becomes crippled for
life. But the menace of polio, Ma
tional Institute of Health officials
stress, cannot be measured by the
obvious victims. 1t seems to be the
most epidemic of all virus diseases.
with the exception of the common
cold and possibly influenza. 1t can
be completely devastating for the
individual. Viruses, microscopically
invisible and presumably the small
est of living things, are also the most
susceptible of all living forms to
mutations-changes in their heredi-
tary makeup-due to environmental
changes, exposure to cosmic rays or
ultraviolet light, or to any number
of factors known to be instrumental
in, evolution. A more deadly polio
virus, capable to surmounting what
ever protective factor exists in the
(See POLIO. Page C-sJ
Evening star., 1946-09-15

Seabury Of Connecticut and DR..
William White Of Philadelphia
called a conference Of Episcopal
clergymen at Chestertown, Md. The
meeting, which used the name
Protestant Episcopal Church for the
first time, petitioned the State
Assembly to give the disestablished
church civil existence. This was
necessary to preserve church prop
erty in the hands Of its congrega-
tions. The request was granted.
Seabury Made Bishop
By Scotch Dissenters
On March Is, 1888, a secret meet
ing of clergymen Of Connecticut
chose DR.. Seabury, who had been a
chaplain in the British Army dur
ing the Revolutionary War, to go tc
England and try to obtain confirma
ton as bishop. He did so the foi-
lowing year, and after refusal by
the church in England was con-
firmed by the non-juring Episcopal
Communion in Scotland on Novem-
Der IA, 1884. Mon Jurors were those
Scotch who refused to change their
allegiance from James II to William
of Orange in 1881
The first attempt to form one
Episcopal church for the United
States was held on May II, l7S4, at
New Brunswick, N. J. Clergymen
from New Jersey, New York and
PENNSYLVANIA attended the meeting
On October 6, 1784, clergymen and
laity from eight States attended an
other gathering to study the pro-
posal.
The initial authorized general con-
vention took place September 81
1875, in Christ Church. Philadelphia,
with seven middle and Southern
States represented. -Four years later
the second convention met in the
State House where the Constitution