davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Haphuzord Luwmukino

Conference approval of the Lea
bill to restrict the activities of James
c. Petrillo, president of the American
Federation of Musicians, virtually
assures enactment of piece of legis-
1ation which should have the highly
desirable effect of bringing MIR. Pc
trillo down to earth. But the Petrillo
bill, like the watered- down version
of the Case bill now before the Sen
ate, reflects distressing reluctance
on the part of Congress to deal with
labor abuses on broad and realistic
scale.
Although the Lea bill does not
mention Mr.. Petrillo by name, it is
aimed squarely at this self-appointed
dictator of American music. It is
worded in such a way as to limit it's
stringent provisions to the Musicians
Union in its heretofore successful
attempts to control the musical out
put of radio stations and record man
ufacturers. The use of force, threats
or 'other means" to bar cultural
music from the air, to compel the
use of standby orchestras" or to
coerce record makers into paying
"exactions" to the union are among
abuses outlawed. The legislation is
not designed to prevent union abuses
in fields other than those within Mr..
Petrillo's particular domain.
A similar tendency to narrow the
limits of labor legislation was ex-
hibited by the Senate Labor Com
mite last week when it reported the
Case bill with most of its teeth ex-
tracted, except that union racketeer-
ing at the expense of the farmers
would be prohibited. Eliminated
from the bill were the provisions to
penalize the unions for breaches of
contract and to require a cooling-off
period before strikes, but at the last
minute the committee, apparently at
the insistence of the farm bloc,
tackled on an amendment which
would make it illegal for labor
unions to exact tribute from farmers
seeking to deliver their produce to
market. 1t would still be perfectly
lawful for labor racketeers to hold
up delivery trucks of any other de-
Evening star., 1946-03-29

ern portion, or Zone B, was left pro-
visionally in Yugoslav occupation.
Marshal Tito and other spokesmen
of his regime, however, have been
making truculent statements and
strongly reinforcing the Yugoslav
troops in Zone B, which now vastly
outnumber the Allied forces in Zone
A, reduced to one American division
and trif1e larger British contingent.
Furthermore, riotous demonstra-
tions have been staged in Trieste by
the Yugoslav element, provocative in
character.
Apprehending that all this might
portend another attempt to stage
an accomplished fact" the Allied
commanders have warned Tito that
no such action would be allowed.
Acting on specific instructions from
Washington, our commander, 1t.
Gen. Lee, states: eve shall tolerate
no attempt to prejudge in any way
a final disposition of the territory.
= There should be no question
as to what attitude the Allies will
take in the circumstances" With
equally vigorous language from Brit
ish Gen. Morgan, Tito should now
be put on notice that, while his
forces may have local superiority
over the Anglo-Americans, any at
tempt to use force would be resisted
and, in the long run, would have
disastrous consequences for himself
and his regime.
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Letters to The Star
Mrs. Luce Explains Her Bill
To Help Polish Allies
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
Your editorial of March %, headed
Poles Abroad" is a much needed re-
minder of the fact that these men,
whose sacrif1cial courage and skill at
arms saved many American lives in
Italy and Northern France, are today
deprived of the homes and the free
country for which they fought SO GAL
lantly and SO long. In the rush of
events many Americans may have for
gotten that their present stateless stu
alton is largely due to the agreement
given by the United States and Great
Britain at Yalta, by which Al per cent
of Poland was annexed to the Soviet
Union and political control of the Po-
lish state was likewise delivered to Mos
COW.
Just a year ago, I saw the men of
General Anders' Second Polish Corps
on the italian front. In spite of the
destruction of their hopes for their
country, they had lost neither their
courage nor their faith that with per-
severance they would establish the JUS
tice OF the cause for which they had
given six bitter years of effort.
Before left the United States, in
troduced bill Oh. j. Res 110), calling
attention of the Congress to the great
injustice done our Polish Allies, and
asking that the Congress assume ma
tional responsibility for the results of
the Crimean Conference as they affect
members of the Polish armed forces
serving today outside Poland" by "re-
vising existing immigration quotas for
Poland to admit to the United States
OF America-With their wives and chill
dren, all officers, enlisted men, and
others who have served with the Polish
armed forces in French, British, or
American theaters OF war"
This resolution was referred to the
Committee on immigration on February
10, 1945, where it has languished. Grant
ing OF the right of asylum and citizen
ship to these men and their families,
it seems to me, is only one possible and
partial solution of what your editorial
rightly terms "a peculiarly difficult
problem" But it is recognition which
should hardly be denied them, in view
of their services in our common cause
in which they alone have been deprived
Of any benefit.
CLARE BOOTHE LUCE
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Victory Gardens

Many Victory gardeners are at it
again, now that spring really has
arrived, but lot of last years gar
den plots seem to have been aban-
doned. 1t would be unfortunate if
this war-born hobby were to lose its
widespread popularity so soon after
the close of hostilitieS, for the condi-
tions which prompted launching of
the program during the war have
not entirely disappeared. Further
more, as Secretary of Commerce
Wallace pointed out to delegates of
the National Garden Conference, it
seems inappropriate to drop the gar
den idea at time when Americans
are being asked by their Gov ern-
ment to conserve food so that mil
lions of famine victims abroad may
be saved.
1t is true, of course, that Victory
gardens do not supply the wheat and
fats which are the principal items
sought for shipment abroad, but
they can supply nutritious vege-
tables to supplement the curtailed
diet on which the President has
asked the people voluntarily to go
in furtherance of the famine relief
drive. Besides, gardening is a health
full outdoor form of exercise for city
dwellers. From the recreational
standpoint alone continuance of the
gardening program would be well
worth while.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

For what is involved is a treaty-the
treaty concluded between the United
Kingdom, the U. s. S. r. and Iran on
January 70, 1912, parts of which were
subsequently re-embodied in an agree
ment signed by the United Kingdom.
the U. S. S. r. and the United States
on December !, 1943.
Both treaty and agreement seem clear
enough. In the treaty Britain and
Russia jointly and severally undertake
to respect the territorial integrity, SOW
ereignty and political independence of
Iran; 1t Is agreed that the presence of
Russian and British armed forces in
Iran IS solely for waging war within
the alliance, do not constitute q mill
tary occupation "and will disturb as
little as possible the administration and
security forces of Iran. F" The nor
NAL movements of the Iranian popula-
ton, and the application of Iranian
laws and regulations" and that the
forces will be withdrawn not later than
six months after European hostilities
have stopped-later agreed to be March
2, 1916.
The question is whether this treaty
is violated or threatened with violation.
But the judges include personally in
terested persons sitting on their own
case.
Now. law has an aHtere authority of
its own only when the Judge Is the
servant of law clearly embodied in
statutes and precedents, and sitting
above the contenders, who appear as
prosecutor or defender with witnesses
under oath. 1t can never have moral
authority when prosecutor and defend
ant sit, themselves, as judges.
In fact, to my mind, the most i'm
portant thing about the Iranian case is
that 1t calls attention to serious weak
nesses OF the UNO structure, from the
viewpoint of recreating and expanding
the rule OF law, through which it alone
can attain moral authority, justice and,
hence, peace.
Ihe dynamics of history-very we'll
represented by the Russian Ambassador
will not be influenced by the judp-
ments OF the existing UNO system. For
the preSSures are not of law but of
power, and the influences working on
world opinion are not impartial eyi-
dence, but interest, prejudice and propa-
ganda.
We. whose concept of justice is rooted
IN centuries of experience, of written
law, impartial Interpretation and care
ful codes regarding rules of evidence,
are slipping into exactly what we de-
plore-the justice of the peoples tri-
bunal, where prosecutor and Judge are
identical and the law is whatever NAV
be conceived to serve a special political
interest
Released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc)
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Looking Glass

The room, beyond the mirror is a lovely
room
Where neuer footsteps fall or human
Doices sound,
The fowers neper wither there and no
dust falls;
Its perpetual and tin,eless silence Is
profound.
Cool, n,agically remote. as a garden
undersea,
With books not eper read or music
heard By ear,
With a fire in the CRATE perennially laid
nnlit
For the unknoUn guest pho never ,oiR
appear.
The clock hands on the nlantel nove in
slotD reverse,
Gold Roman numerals count hours
that neper pass:
Backward they step to,Dard their for.
gotten youth,
or death, 1o',o step through this bright
looking glass.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

Despite the determination of the
Swiss to maintain their independence
against Nazi Germany. the great
strength of their neighbor brought
unusual concessions. The Nazis "boueht"
on credit large amount of stuff in
tended to help their war machine
There is some dispute about the
amount OF Swiss claims against the
German government and German ma
tionals. A preliminary census of the
banks brought out the figure of $780,
100000.
goodwill" agreement has lust
been reached with DR.. Stuck to the
effect that Switzerland would claim no
reimbursement for $3.50, 900 deficit
IN the Swiss clearing account with Ger
many. This means, essentially, that the
Swiss will not hold that amount of
German assets against their claims.
But at the same time, Switzerland is
already raising the amount of her
claims to $750, 900 900. In short, Swiss
claims rise as Allied estimates of Ger
man assets rise. The Allied claims are
based on information unearthed in
Germany during the occupation.
Meanwhile, subcommittee are at
work in Washington, matching data
and wits. The slowness with which
these negotiations are proceeding is
good evidence of how long it viii be
before German assets are unearthed in
other countries, such as Spain, Portugal
and Argentina. But the treasure hunt
must 60 on. The original estimate, at
Potsdann, Of $1,oo0,o0o,o 900 in hidden
German funds Is now believed to be
too low. It is probable that $4,000, ,000,.
900 are in golden NaM nests in Switzer-
land and elsewhere.
Caeleased By the Associated Newspaper, Ius,)
Evening star., 1946-03-29

in Europe. Any false move by Tito
would have meant his destruction. To-
day we have only nominal force across
the Atlantic and the British are not
much better of. Tito, on the other
hand, has worked hard and with the
assistance Of the u. s. s. r. has been able
to organize sizable Yugoslav Army.
In the meantime, the Russians also have
considerably strengthened their forces
in Hungary. South of Lake Balaton-
short distance from Yugoslavia- they
are reported to have at least 100000
men, fully equipped with the most mod
ern war paraphernalia
Some observers fear that Tito will
become more and more aggressive in
the near future and believe that this
will be Russia's first answer to the "un-
compromising" attitude of the American
and British governments at the Secur-
ity Council meetings.
There Is a complete blackout of in
formation regarding the Russian troop
movements on the eastern borders of
Turkey and Iraq. The same applies to
the Turkish Bulgarian frontier, where
Russia is estimated to have massed be-
tween 20 and Is divisions.
For several months there has been
speculation that as soon as weather
conditions permit, the Russian govern
ment will force the issue in an "un-
diplomatic manner" This speculation
was based on the reported concentration
OF Soviet forces and on the war of nerves
waged by Moscow goyernment-co
newspapers and broadcasts which have
been saying that the districts OF Kars
and Ardahan should be joined to the
U. S. 8. r.
The Turkish government is said to be
in possession of conditions formulated
by Moscow whereby the situation can be
settled without armed conflict. These
conditions are reported to include not
only the cession of the two Eastern
Anatolian provinces, but also the grant,
ing of an air and naval base to the
Soyiets in the Sea of Marmora-some-
where between the Bosporus and the
Dardanelles.
The Soviet government has now made
1t clear that the Security Council can
exercise its functions, as far as Russia
is concerned, only If it complies with
Moscow's wishes. Otherwise its repre-
sentative will walk out again. The pecu-
liar procedure" which Ambassador
Gromyko established Wednesday on or
ders from his government is causing
alarm among the other members of the
UNO. What happened in connection
with Iran may easily be repeated in re-
gard to Turkey, or. for that matter, any
other country which is on Russia's bor-
ders
Evening star., 1946-03-29
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

When Russian Ambassador Gromyko
walked out of Wednesdays UNO Coun-
Gil session in New York, he did not
shut the door completely on further
Russian cooperation with the world
peacemaking organization.
But-and this seems to be increasing
ly important-oficia circles in Wash
ington fear that the Soviet government,
while not pulling out of the UNO, will
continue to put into effect all its plans
for political and territorial aggrandize-
ment in the Near East and Middle East.
The Yugoslav-Italian situation re-
garding Trieste and Venezia Giulia is
fraught with the greatest immediate
danger.
The United Nations commission has
completed an investigation of conditions
in that area. Its report is still kept
secret.
On the other hand, Marshal Tito is
not mincing his words He is anxious
to see the problem solved, but has in
dicated clearly that the only solution
acceptable to him is the expansion of
the Yugoslav border westward at the
expense Of Italy. Tito is said to be de-
termined to fiout the Americans and
the British, who are mounting guard
with several depleted divisions on the
Morgan Line, which was established
last year after the Yugoslav dictator at
tempted to defy the decisions of the
Allies by force. He was not successful
because the American armies were still
at full strength and President Truman
had ordered that force should be met
with force.
i -
The head of the Yugoslav republic
returned last Tuesday from a trip to
Czechoslovakia and Poland according
to the official version given out to the
press and contained in a speech Tito
made to the cheering crowds which
met him at the Belgrade Airport. But.
according to reliable information avail
able in Washington, he paid his respects
to his chiefs in Moscow after going to
Warsaw.
This visit, which is being kept con-
ceaied, is regarded in responsible quar-
ters here as being of real importance
Marshal Titos impulses to rush the
Morgan Line have been kept in check
in the past by Moscow. The Russian
leaders felt last summer that Yupo-
siaVlas expansionist aims could be full
nlled at the conference table when peace
terms would be dictated to Italy.
BY throwing its weight in favor of
Yugoslavia, the Russian government felt
that everything would be settled in Tito's
favor. The time element plays an i'm
portant role in the Soviet political CAL
culatlons. Last summer the American
lano ana air forces were at their peak
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Swiss Treasure Hunt
BY Raym ond Molev

A serious difference of opinion be-
tween the Allies and neutral Switzer-
land is now under discussion in Wash
ington. 1t has to do with the custody
OF Nazi assets in that country.
The Allies have a vital interest in
those assets; first, because they have
gathered in Germany only a small
amount of reparations and, next, be-
cause since the Allies are, in fact. the
only legal government in Germany,
they claim custody of German assets
everywhere. In fixing guilt for past
Nazi crimes and safeguarding the fu-
ture against the revival of Naziism.
every important piece Of evidence needs
to be examined by the powers sitting in
judgment.
The case of Switzerland is being pre-
sented in Washington by mission head
ed by DR.. Walter Stuck.
The little Confederation of Republics
has had lucky break in recent times,
For century and half, no hostile
armies have come into her borders, ex-
cept interned belligerents. The Swiss
have also been kindly hosts to many
religious and political refugees. More
important in the present situation is
the role Of Switzerland as a refuge for
fugitive capital. A large supply of
money has permitted the little country
to enjoy low interest rate. And be-
cause of the influx of capital, the Swiss
have always been strong supporters of
private property in Europe.
After the first World War, Switzer-
land limited its hospitality to foreign
ers. She was one of the first countries
to claim that foreigners had to have a
permit to stay and another permit to
work. A permit to work was given to
only few, because 1t was claimed that
Switzerland had large unemployment.
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Down East Recipes

To the Editor of The Star:
Today's mad whirl Is quite complex
with science as its passion, but Uncle
zeke it doesn't vex: he scorns to mix
with fashion. "New-fangled tonics," he
opines, may suit the city masses but,
better'n all their vitamins, is sulphur
and molasses!"
Some folks says he, may fool
around with YARDS and boneset tea,
while others think that pep is found in
any flask they see, but my old Nav
knew ev'ry trick of wise Dame Natures
classes; she allus said, Both well and
sick need sulphur and molasses'."
$50 whether you've the rheumatic or
just tech of pip, makes nary diff'runce
what it is, just take friendly tip-if
you are feelin' peaked, friend, before
the forenoon passes the misery will
promptly end with sulphur and molas-
ses!" RAY H, EVERETT.
Evening star., 1946-03-29
DR.. Taylor's Plea for advisers"


To the Editor OF The Star:
There is a widespread belief among
church people that moral ethics and
spiritual principles should be incorpo-
rated in the peace treaties that are to
be made in order to give permanence to
such treaties.
Recently, the President said: IF men
and nations would but live by the pre-
cepts of the ancient prophets and the
teachings of the Sermon on the Mount,
problems which now seem difficult would
soon disappear" John Foster Dulles
stated that: There must be the pro-
lection Of Christian principles into the
treaties of peace and their expression
in the life OF the United Nations" 1t
recently has been wisely declared by an
eminent writer, Emery Reeves in THE
Anatomy of Peace" that: Universal
statutory law . must take the place
of the utterly fallacious, Intellectual and
precarious rule of unenforceable treaty
obligations entered into by sovereign
nation states and disregarded by them
whenever it suits their purpose"
A universal statutory law" based
upon the teachings of the Sermon on
the Mount and thus comprising spiritual
principles, will prove not only an ef-
fective law but also set pattern for the
adjustment of relations between nations,
which adjustment based on law will
make for peace.
The United Nations Organization at
San Francisco had as advisers" six
representatives Of religious faiths, two
each from the Roman Catholic, the
Protestant and the Jewish organizations.
These representatives by invitation of
the Government attended the confer
ence in the capacity of advisers" and
their recommendations may be seen re-
flected in the preamble to the Charter.
Very soon the peace conference will
meet to draft treaties with Bulgaria,
Finland, Hungary, Italy and Romania.
Here will be a major opportunity to
incorporate in these treaties those
spiritual principles which are definite
contributing factors to a universal
statutory law" according to which peace
might be made permanent.
Through your paper an appeal is
made to individuals and religious Or
ganizations to write to the President
and Secretary of State, requesting that
a group TO religious leaders represent
ing different faiths be selected as "ad-
visers" to the peace conference.
REV. JAMES H. TAYLOR, D. D.,
Pastor Emeritus of Central Presby-
terian Church.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

scription and collect "fees" as a con-
dition to immunity from molesta-
ton. This is discriminatory legisla-
ton of most haphazard nature.
What is needed is broad, fortnight
legislative action aimed not at a few
abuses here and there on the labor
front, but at all abuses wherever
they occur and regardless of who the
victims may be.
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Thin Slices Suggested
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
If it appears impractical to reduce
the size of bread loaves by 10 per cent,
perhaps an approximate saving could
be reached If bakers would be willing
to slice their bread thinner. House.
wives long have wanted thin-sliced
bread, but usually cannot obtain it. A
thick-sliced loaf is used up more quick
ly, resulting in greater sales for the
bakery. Would not the present emer-
gency justify offering the public thin
sliced bread? A.P.
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Or Just Peace and Quiet?

From the San Francisco Chronicle.
Getting no action on their bids for
UNO world headquarters, some of the
smaller communities are reverting to
size and will consider a walkathon or
any good indoor winter attraction.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

There are two kinds of teen-agers:
Those who do not tie up the family
telephone facilities for hours at a
time with gooey talk, and those who
are strictly "call me up tonight"
daffy.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

The war never will be quite COM
pletely over as long as ex-gobs
think of their shore leave as being
up in two dollars.
Evening star., 1946-03-29

Maybe it was the modernistic
furniture and decorations at Hunter
College that caused the disharmony
Evening star., 1946-03-29
Member of the Associated press

Entered at the Post ONCE, washington, D. c,
as second-class mail matter.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-08-03
WV Considers
Organization Of
Negro Posts

In a recent Council of Admins
tration meeting held in Jackson,
the Veterans of Foreign Wars,
Department of Mississippi, passed
proposed motion that Negro
posts be orginized throughout the
state, if all the posts in the coun-
ty in which the Negro post is to
be organized, approve of such.
1t was further voted that the
Department Commander appoint a
committee to work out details re-
garding these Negro posts, and
that this comittee draw up a
special set of bylaws for these
posts.
Negro Veterans throughout the
state, anxiously awaiting the
findings of this committee, ascer-
tain that the Robert G. Nail post
of Jackson, with a membership
of nearly fifteen hundred men,
and the post at Raymond, will un-