davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Civic Problems, Civic Bodies
Safety First on D. G.. Tax Proposals;
No Free Government Without Elections
BY Jesse c. Suter
By Jesse c. Suter
ar Civic Bodies on D. G.. Taxation

Commissioners Hear Civic Bodies on d. c. Taxation
in he
there should paid by the Federal toward the
Dgd a an o amnt % to be Sa a ID & by
Cd that the income all incomes earned the District Columbia
legal residence
many organizations though organizations primarily
opposed sales tax they willingness support such
til. ss Of % s
there the suggested The attitude of
has not yet BEEN indicated there fear on the part
civic have in that
system taxation for District Columbia Most
organizations unreprssentsd
The E4ns ~ h s and an 9oo soa s s last N. @ 1 Sc
lation that should LEGISLATION which directly
Se mp tax m s h a h pon a
cannot recommend increase in the lump the Commissioners
@ tax Th make hey
adding hope regarding the for
The The result that case the past will be that Go Congress @ viii
the additional funds from local eliminate the
Hssa ee @ e hump is er
escape % local taxes vital Without local tax becomes
futile as as as meeting in addition to becoming
Capital
This tells
tax s a aS that n0qEe'e he aeeep an it. %
] m n M the osp Un s
taxation The sss equitable which
the voting against the voteles citizens the
The position OF citizens local taxation similar
what 1888 The editorial
the Commissioners able
Bureau that the reform Federal policy the place that
should follow
getting nowhere meeting financial
ourselves with futile we'll damaging taxation"
Ever since the departure the proportion
by Federal Government the
been most difficult fundamental requirement in budgeng
fairly estimate Of available
done by the District with
either existing legislation or equity
Some civic workers impressed with the Wednesdays
Star editorial inclined to making
alton as in numerous other matters safety first policy
follow.
Evening star., 1946-09-22

long, narrow valley lies Caracas
at an altitude of 1000 feet. While
the climate of the capital often has
been described as springlike, actu-
ally it is cool in the mornings and
evenings but inclined to be hot
around noontime.
Founded in 1867, Caracas is fast
losing it's Old World appearance
The trend in architecture is toward
the functional, and in the down
town section huge, ultra modern
hotels, apartments and Office build
ings are replacing Spanish colonial
structures. There is even a plan to
build subway.
The streets downtown are narrow
Automobiles are parked halfway on
the sidewalks to allow room for
streetcars to pass. Jamming the
streets are peddlers with push carts
selling sweet cakes, candies or
tropical juices, such as tamarind
and guanabana. At night they are
replaced by vendors presiding over
charcoal braziers offering demi-
Evening star., 1946-09-22

/ tasses of coffee and toasted arepa
a thick, white cornbread as elastic
as rubber.
There are few de luxe shops
Those dealing in hardware or chear
clothing hang their wares in the
doorWays as we'll as in showcases
The most luxurious shops are those
which sell jewelry, for Venezuela is
rich in gold.
Hub of the downtown district is
the mosaic-paved Plaza Bolivar
with its equestrian statue of Simon
Bolivar, the patriot who freed not
only his own country from the
tyranny of Spain but also those now
known as Colombia, Peru, Ecuador
and Bolivia.
Evening star., 1946-09-22
More About That Carillon at Valley ForSe

xr. m M item in s sar Of s a Of
makes the proposed bell which will house carlton
Foss'" Dell '0' 'a'H00 az '"Ae'
there stated plans for representing each
state in the Union and that at last report about 40 States already
m e s m in msnss ian @
n0o housed in the great Memorial Bell Tower costing
Society the Daughters the
@ @ the I sses aD e c for % have come
The m Of including the carlton bell
attention Of the District OAR Historians Committee
a IN. the Of their country they
Indicating an ee 5 h0 M not neon ne
the Ss I1sa,s,sd in belief N. the undsryas
under the ,s leadership of the District OAR
official commission which has general charge project
Much Indifference to Duty Vote on Election Davs
While the voess people the District of
Columbia continue their long fight for the right to participate
the voting privilege
in national elections they note that throughout the States
numbers Of citizens who Indifferent ppetuaion this
Republic neglect habtuay day.
There astounding difference ballots cast
IN these elections and the number OF citizens of voting OF
to extent this difference sections by
discrimination But in such sections express
complete indifference a. to
government AA' 0 s Oh ''Ans supposed popular
agitation been employed for ban on the
Of their inability pay this
tax which is requisite of eligibility in number the States
the most reliable sources Of information that
inability poll
a
section R which Happy Land" Many
things told this little republic
Inhabitants but nothing impressive than the Eligible
hned ST.
voting The President serves four cannot be reelected"
writer editor
item
State of Connecticut only
representatives
combine make eight
the election Of 1914 83l 1893
showed their preference through absentee ballots.
But his bitter cast
the out
Of particular interest
national
large representation in Congress presidential
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
Anglo-American Oil Pact
By Rav,n Molev

ALI M. Landon has q right to speak
with great authority on problems in
volving oil. He led the fight in Kansas
for the first petroleum conservation leg
lslation. He was the only State Governor
to attend President Roosevelt's 1888 con-
ference on oil conservation. After the
attempt to set up Federal conservation
legislation failed, Landon's state, Kan
sas, was the first to ratify the compact
drawn up for the oil States. And, it
may be added, Mr.. Landon is success
full oil man in his own right.
Speaking on Tuesday before the Kan
sas OIL Association, he read good les
son for all of us on the Anglo-American
Petroleum Agreement, now before the
Senate for ratification. This agreement
it should be noted, will have status as
q treaty. As such, it will take prece-
dence over all State and Federal laws
and regulations. Also, this Anglo
American agreement will be followed by
multilateral international agreement.
the outlines Of which are in the Anglo
American agreement.
Mr.. Landon points out that, due to
the loose wording Of the measure be-
fore the Senate, there Is ample reason
to believe that every facility Of the
Worldwide petroleum industry will be
brought within the provisions of the
agreement" This, Mr.. Landon asserts,
leaves open the possibility Of price fixing
by an international body.
To sustain his argument, Mr. Landon
points TO the following language Of the
Encouragement:
That the exploration for and de-
velopment Of petroleum resources, the
construction and operation Of refneries
and other facilities, and the distribu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

armor would be greatly strength
ened, both below and above decks,
against atomic bomb attacks from
below the waterline or in the air.
As one naval officer aptly sum-
married 1t, the whole plan at this
stage OF atomic bomb experimental
ton involves a considerable amount
OF crystal gazing" If the Bikini tests
support the contention of some
atomic bomb theorists, fleets are
sure to become as obsolete as the
dodo. Others, including some ex-
perts who worked on development
OF the atom bomb, are not certain
that the crossroads" tests will end
the atomic b-yersus- battleship
controversy. 1t Is probable, how
ever, that the experiments at least
will give naval experts enough new
data to guide them in deciding
whether the Kentucky and the Brit
ish vessels can be made over into
useful warships or whether 1t would
be wiser to scrap them altogether
and devote the money to other
purposes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

Possibly by the time this column ap-
pears Edwin w. Pauley will have been
given testimonial regarding his per
sonal integrity" There will probably
be the usual exchange of Dear Ed"
and Dear Harry" for customary
face-saving.
Nevertheless Senators Tobey of New
Hampshire and Brewster OF Maine, Re-
publicans, have. / think, won out over
Senator Tydings of Maryland, Demo-
,crat. 1t is not to the advantage of
the interest Mr.. Pauley represents to
continue the hearings. Mr.. Pauley has
failed, and they, like the President,
Will probably quietly drop him.
1t is not only in despotic states that
those who fail are liquidated by the
forces whose faithful agents they have
been. 1t Is usually the agents, not the
forces themselves, who take the rap.
Senators Tobey and Brewster have
done fine job, but the credit does not
go to the Republican party There
have been hidden Republican pressures
on the side of Mr. Pauley as powerful
as the open Democratic pressures. Mr..
Pauley represents a concept transcend
ing and exploiting both parties-de-
pending on which is in power. In this
concept the state is an instrument,
not Of the people, but of the economic
empires" which. by planting fifth
columns at key points within the state,
can control its major policies.
The empire represented by Mr..
Pauley-with personal integrity, per-
haps, within the framework of fidelity
to this concepts oil; specifically, it is
Standard Oil Of California. And oil is
not merely an empire within the United
States. 1t is a worldwide empire.
Indeed, the greatest assets of Mr..
Pauleys bosses lie outside our borders,
in one of the politically most critical
centers of the world-the sands of
Saudi Arabia. where are buried in
calculable petroleum riches, developed
and undeveloped
To make the defense of these riches
. cardinal point of American foreign
policy is natural to the oil magnates
mentality. Hence the desire-defeated
after exposure-that the United States
Government should assume responsible
ity for laying and protecting 1850 miles
Of pipeline. across half dozen countries,
the consent of those sheiks should be
purchased by American agreement to
maintain the backward political status
quo. Hence the letter to Ibn Saud,
great and good friend" dashing the
hopes Of and promises to the Palestine
Jews
Hence the concept Of the primary re-
Sponsibility of the American Navy and
other armed forces to defend the over
seas oil empire against, for instance, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

Soviet Union, whose state capitalism Is
no less greedy for oil than is private
capitalism. A reliable Assistant Secre-
tary OF the Navy to succeed the present
Secretary and, possibly, then to work for
an Army-Navy merger under his lead
ership-what could be greater REIN
surance for this concept? The NAVY
plus oil! What could not be justified
from that combination! For oil is the
food OF ships, and who would denv the
Navy its sustenance?
The stakes in the Pauley case have
been much higher than tidelands oil
or Elk Hills naval reserves. They in
volve such questions as the Atlantic
Charters pledge of equal access to raw
materials"
There is great moral struggle on
involving the lives, human rights and
standards OF living of millions of the
common man" who fights all wars
dies for all causes, and in whose name
all wars and causes are fought. The
struggle is three-way, between despotit
capitalism, subverting and suborninp
the democratic states; democracy em-
bracing, perhaps, forms and degrees of
socialism and capitalism, but ALWAYS
upnoiolng the integrity OF popular gov
eminent and despotic communism.
Precisely because the struggle for the
aueglances of mankind is so epochal
must American democracy keep clean
her hands. The other way lies war.
revolution and defeat.
The withdrawal Of Mr.. Pauley will not
answer the question: What should
American foreign policy protect -
America, and with her humanity and
law, or powerful private interests? Mr.
lckes. for all his attacks on Mr.. Pauley.
would do well to review his own past
Oil policies in the foreign field.
There is oil enough for all peoples in
Arabia alone. There is oil to maintain
l0th-century despots in Oriental
grandeur, or help lift millions from
ignorance. disease and want. There is
oil for cooperation or for greed.
Senators Tobey and Brewster, con-
servatives, have fought to maintain the
sovereignty of the American Republic
over its foreign policy and over internal
pressures. They are therefore true
Republicans.
Iney have been supported by some oil
men. 1t Is not true that all capitalists
put private interests above the Nation.
or see the two As synonymous or that
the confusion of national interest and
selI-lnterest Is monopoly of any class.
But the matter Is not settled by the
withdrawal of Mr.. Pauley. PauIeys
come and 60. They are not the PLAYERS
but only castles, kings or pawns in the
great power game.
released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The determination Of Secretary OF
State Byrnes to stick not only to the
letter but also the spirit Of the Moscow
agreements is responsible for the pres
ent friction between the American and
Russian governments regarding Bull
garia.
The Moscow agreement provided that
Romania and Bulgaria would be recog-
nized by the United States only after
their puppet governments were re-
vamped to include two representatives
of other democratic groups in the re-
spective countries.
In regard to Romania, America and
Britain accepted in silence Russias de-
termination to place two unknown
members Of the Liberal and Peasant
parties In the Bucharest administra-
ton. Moreover, these Representatives
OF the loyal opposition" were given no
responsible duties; they were appointed
members OF the Groza cabinet without
portfolios
w. Averell Hartman, who was our
Ambassador to Moscow at the time,
went to Bucharest as the representa-
tive of the United States to settle the
question of the characterization" of
Washington that the whole thing was
farcical, but in view of the determine
ton OF his colleague on the commits
sion, Vice Commissar Andrea Vishinsky
who was pulling the wires behind the
scene-there was nothing he could do
Secretary Byrnes did not protest
Vishinsky's maneuverings. He hoped
that II the American Government over
looked the spirit of the Moscow agree
ment on such q minor matter as the
makeup of the government of Ro-
mania he would obtain Russia's further
collaboration on matters of much
greater import. The attitude of Rus
sia's chief delegate at the Security
Council disproved the fondest hopes
of the American and British Secretaries
of State.
As q result the State Department, fol-
lowing Mr.. Byrnes' direction, adopted a
tougher policy and insisted that the
Bulgarian government must include rep
resentative individuals of the opposition
parties.
The American representatives in Bull
garia, Minister Maynard Barnes and
Maj. Gen. Charles Crane, have put up
with serious difficulties and suffered
humiliation at the hands of the Sofia
government, which. even more so than
the Bucharest government, is entirely
in the pocket of Moscow. But, in spite
of the difficulties they encountered, they
stood their ground whenever possible.
The Soviet government is particularly
dissatisfied with Mr.. Barnes because of
the "Dimitrov incident"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
Stormy Petrol

Though seaDind shrieks and rnoin1
wdters fling
The great ship dopn q precipice Of
foam,
The petrol rides the storm on sinegy
tDing
And at the heart OF tempest Is at
home
Sustained like Peter By an unseen hnnd
He tredds the ,papes. Not sno,p nor
singing po0d
OF drtpen sleet Gun urge toapuyd thu
Nor gales dissuade him from hts harsh
abode.
But Dhen the sun subdues the .phfyi.
Uisd's anger,
When peace returns and blue tyan.
guilty,
When pale clouds drift abope the ocean,,
luN0uor,
The pstret floats On bright, sntyoubled
sea,
The n.urmurous paps his ,ottly- ,,oas,
ting nest
Where dasky iDtnss may fold saA b
Ct rest.
NEz BARCLAY KIRBY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13
First Atomic ButtIeship?

Britain, like the United States, has
reached the crossroads in the field of
battleship building. A. v. Alexander,
first lord of the admiralty, has re-
vealed to the House of Commons
that construction of four super
dreadnoughts is marking time until
Operation Crossroads" at Bikini
Atoll points the direction which
naval warfare should take In the
atomic era But, in harmony with
the views of a majority of American
naval experts, Mr.. Alexander is not
ready to concede that the atom
bomb has showed the battleship onto
a bypath leading to oblivion. He
believes that the bomb may lead to
revolutionary changes in ship con-
struction and tactics, however, and
our own experts recently gave the
House Naval Affairs Committee a
similar opinion, citing tentative
plans for converting the two-thirds
finished q. s. s. Kentucky into what
may be the worlds first atomic-age
battleship.
Work on the 45,00O-ton Kentucky
was halted after VI day and her
fate has been a topic for much spec
ulation at the Norfolk yard. where
she was being rushed toward COM
pletion when the war ended last
September. There had been, rumors
that she would be converted into a
mighty antiaircraft ship, that she
would be completed as originally
planned and placed in reserve or
that her hulk would be towed to
Bikini Atoll as a target for an atomic
bomb.
The present plan, however, calls
for Incorporating in the new battle
ship offensive and defensive devices
based on lessons learned from the
forthcoming Bikini experiments. In
stead Of the 16-inch guns originally
destined to sweep her decks, the
committee was told, there may be
formidable atomic rockets, capable
Of inflicting incalculable damage ut
far greater distances than today's
big install guns. Presumably her
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

ton Of petroleum, shall not be hammered
by restrictions inconsistent with the
purpose Of this agreement"
Mr.. Landon's warning is well taken
III may well be that the oil resources of
the world are largely the cause of much
OF the present friction between Britain
and Russia. Certainly, it Is the belief
OF Britain that If oil can be brought
under some three-party agreement, the
way to peace will be cleared. FOREIGN
Secretary Bevin said in Parliament 10
days ago, Il would be quite willing II the
Soviet would join Britain and America
in an international oil agreement which
would solve this conflict for oil as be-
tween great allies"
This is an extremely hopeful means of
eliminating friction, and no one can
oeny the desirability of some interna-
tlonal means Of limiting the reaches of
the big powers, while permitting nations
with no oil Of their own to get what
they need in fair market.
x
But to build international agreements
on vague and ambiguous language is
TO court trouble and to permit q govern
ment IN Washington or m international
board to reach unnecessarily into the
domestic affairs of this country.
The fact is that all nations are now
able to produce oil freely in the United
States. We have an open door," We
ought to insist on an open door every
where. The rights Of American pro-
ducers should be guarded In British and
In Russian territory If all nations are
to agree on this vital ISSUE It would,
Mr.. Landon suggests, be well to settle
this whole Oil question before money
loans or gifts are made to any country.
But the Senate should clear the ambie-
uity from this present agreement.
Rieass b. t5s Associated Newuapera hal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-13

George M. Dimitrov is leader of the
Bulgarian Agrarian party. one of the
most important leftist organizations in
the country. In 194l he openly warned
King Boris not to become a Nazi puppet,
AS result of his daring he had to fee
his country and was a political refugee
for four years. Dimitrov returned to
Sofia soon after Bulgaria surrendered.
full of enthusiasm and ready to CO.
operate with the other liberal and Com
munist parties in establishing a demo-
cratic regime in his country.
But he opposed the idea of Bulgaria
becoming a puppet state. Because of his
popularity in Bulgaria, he was regarded
as potential troublemaker by the
puppet government, which ordered his
arrest. On May IS, l945, he presented
himself to the American Legation, where
he was Immediately admitted as a DO
litical refugee Minister Barnes acted
within his rights. International regula-
lions provide that foreign legation Is
entitled to give refuge to political
criminals"
Within a few hours after Dimitroy
was safely In Mr.. Barnes home, Mai
Gen. Oxley, the British military repre-
sentative on the armistice commission
for Bulgaria, attempted to reach Mr..
Barnes home. He could not do so
because Russian battalion was on the
march to get Dimitrov from the hands
OF the American Minister He called up
our representative, who Immediately got
ready for siege.
In MIR. Barnes home there were six
American sergeants, Gen Crane and
Mr.. Barnes himself. The American GIs
were armed with tommy guns. They
were Immediately modified and placed
at strategic points"-on the roof, in the
doorway of the hall and at the windows
OF the living room. Two American on
cial automobiles were placed across the
road. The Russian colonel who COM
manded the expedition stopped his men
at the automobile "barricade" and began
his parleys with Mr.. Barnes. He was
admitted to the house and realized
from the military preparations" and
the strong attitude of the American
Minister that he would have to Tight
to get his Bulgarian victim He was
aware that such an action would create
q serious incident, and, after leaving
strong sentry posts around the Minis
ters residence, he withdrew with the
rest OF the troops. Dimitrov stayed In
the residence of the American Ambas-
sador until September /, when he was
smuggled out and sent by plane to Italy.
The young American Minister was
among the first diplomats to prove
conclusively that a firm attitude, even
In the face Of overwhelming odds, Is
respected by the Soviet government.