davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03
Franco seeks British loan
as peoples demand custer

London While the
bolster his oteng
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03
BY JOHANNES STEEL

OF all former Axis satellites,
Finland today is in the most for.
tunateI position.
Despite her alliance with Nazi
Germany, throughout the war
she was treated somewhat as Il
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03
GruU, Cuba Communists
for popular coalition

HAVANA Efforts by American sugar
dollar to fight communism apparently
men Sunday that President Ramon
coalition with the Communists parties obtain
solid maority support for his government
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03
New 'Kumikuzes
aided by Macarthur

TOKYO, (ALN) - The KamkaZe formerly den.
tilted the suicide planes in which fanaca japanese
down u ships has been revived by organized gang of
strkebreakers.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03

free and Independent country.
SOME censorship necessarily
exists, but for the most part
Finland has a free press. The
press remains free to criticize
internal affairs as much as it
sees fit.
In spite Of understandable
shortages in clothing and hous
ing and of taxes and general in,
flation, the Films are compare
lively well off. Conditions have
improved considerably With n
the past two years. Repair of
war damage to Helsinki is a.
most completed. With some few
exceptions, bomb damage to pub
lie and private buildings is re-
paired.
A few completely burned-out
buildings remain as signs of the
bombings. Of course on the ba-
sis of ultimate need, which will
include homes for almost half
a million evacuees from lost
territories, the building program
has hardly begun.
4
IN large sense, Finland's
national economy seems to face
a difficult future but not by any
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-08-03

IN large sense, Finland S
national economy seems to face
difficult future but not by any
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Yumushitu
Continued From First Page

out allowed the defense time to pre-
pare an adequate case. Petitioners
rights under the due process clause
under the Fifth Amendment were
grossly and openly violated without
any justification.
All of this was done without any
thorough investigation and prose-
-cution of those Immediately re-
Sponsible for the atrocities, out OF
which might have come some proof
or indication of personal culpability
on petitioners part. Instead, the
loose charge was made that great
numbers of atrocities had been COM
mitted and that petitioner was the
commanding officer: hence, he must
have been guilty of disregard to
duty. ="
The dissent of Justice Murphy
runs Is pages, while the dissent ot
Justice Rutledge takes up 80 pages
Rutledge's Dissent.
Justice Rutledge wrote:
More is at stake than Gen. Yama-
shitas fate. There could be no
possible sympathy for him if he is
guilty of the atrocities for which
his death is sought But there can
be and should be justice admins
tered according to law. In this stage
OF wars aftermath it is too early
for Lincoln's great spirit, best lighted
in the second inaugural address. to
have wide hold for the treatment
of foes.
The difference between the
courts view of this proceeding and
my own comes down in the end to
the view, on the one hand, that
there is no law restrictive upon these
proceedings other than whatever
rules and regulations may be pre-
scribed for their government by the
executive authority or the military,
and, on the other hand, that the
provisions of the Articles of War, of
the Geneva Convention and the
fifth amendment apply"
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Halifax Sees Peace
In UN0 Support and
u. S.-British Team
By Staff Correspondent of The Star.

By Staff Correspondent of Tho Star
ATLANTIC CITY, Feb. 4.-Warn-
ing that atomic energy may place
Ia tremendous advantage in the
hands of an unscrupulous aggres-
sor," Lord Halifax, British Ambas-
sador, today urged Anglo-American
cooperation and support of the
United Nations Organization as the
best safeguards for world peace.
The Ambassador spoke before the
annual meeting of the National
Gamers Association. In connec-
ton with their industry, he told
them there was no better way for
them to contribute to the cause of
peace now than by increasing "in
every possible way the supplies Of
food available"
Leads to War.
Stressing the close connection
between world economy and peace,
Lord Halifax said:
Discomfort in the world of COM
merce leads to war, and in that
sense commerce is inseparable from
peace. A world in want is an un-
healthy world and one that is ter
ribly liable to move down dangerous
paths"
Lord Halifax pointed out that
during the war the United States
and Great Britain had co-operated
closely. He particularly praised
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower for main
tanning a staff of British and Amer
ican officers who had a unified
point of view.
IF this partnership was neces-
sary instrument for victory, we
have to have it for peace, just as
we had it for war" he declared.
Force Must Keep Rules.
In connection with his remark
that the invention of the atom bomb
had placed the fate of civilization
itself in the balance, he observed:
There are two or three things
we shall do well to remember. The
first is that it is impossible to arrest
the march of science, for science,
like democracy, never goes back.
Secondly, think it improbable that
any rules we can devise will stand
the test of future war unless we are
in a position to force people to keep
them. And thirdly, no one ever starts
a war unless he thinks he is pretty
sure Of winning it.
"All this means that VIC r,,,Sf
create conditions. if we can, that will
effectively make war itself impos-
sible. And do not know of any bet
ter means of doing this than to make
1t perfectly and abundantly clear to
any aggressor that he cannot win"
To this end Lord Halifax urged
strong support of the UNO by all
peace-loVing states. Nothing can
contribute more to that, he added,
than "a firm British and American
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Tuqbout
Continued From First Page.)

fuel and nearly half its food supply
Much of the city's fuel and food
are ferried across the Hudson River
from railroad terminals in New
Jersey.
The Mayor said the city govern
ment was preparing a blueprint
against an extended emergency
and added that he would set up q
plan for emergency distribution Of
supplies.
The tugboat workers seek a 40.
hour week in place of the presen,
48, hourly wage boosts from Sill
to $1.57 and from SLAP to $1.8s
for licensed personnel and a fiat
S1.35 an hour for unlicensed per.
sonnel in place of the present 81
to 72 cents.
The tugboat exchange offer O.
a 10 cents an hour increase for al
personnel was rejected by the union
Evening star., 1946-02-04
|NewYork Towns Join Greenwich
In Opposing Chosen UNO Site

Theme of the messages, said John
E. Lockwood, lawyer and resident of
the community, was that the UNO
committee was spending 100000 :
900 more than was necessary in
order to be near New York City's
night clubs" Mr.. Lockwood re-
ferred to the cost of land in the
area.
1000 Signatures on Cable.
A protest cable bearing nearly
l 900 signatures also was dispatched
from Greenwich, while churches and
World War II veterans in Bedford
Villa, N. Y. sent Others
An estimated 5000 persons reside
in the full 42-square-mile area
among them Gene Tunney, Henry r
Luce, the publisher, and his wife,
Representative Clare Boothe Luce
Republican, of Connecticut, and
Frank Altschul, retired New York
banker and brother -in-law of Her
bert H. Lehman, director of the
UNRRA.
Mr.. Tunney said If it were neces-
sary for world peace wed give up
our land 10 times over" but added
he thought the selection was "a great
In New York City, before the UNO
committee left early yesterday for
London, its chairman, DIR. Stoyan
Gavrilovic of Yugoslavia, said in re-
sponse to questions of newsmen that
he personally had not heard of OPP
position to the site chosen.
I'VE have made our report" he
said. TT is now for the General
Assembly to decide what they
will do
Following the committees arrival
in London early today, it was an
that the report would be
presented to the Headquarters Site
Committee tomorrow, with the COM
mittee expected to present it to
the UNO Assembly before its ad-
journment, tentative scheduled for
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Two Ohio State Veterans
Hurt on Fraternity Walk

By the Associated Press.
COLUMBUS, Ohio, Feb. 4.-Two
Ohio State University students, who
came through World War II safely
didn't fare as well in campus get
acquainted" event and Dean of Men
Joseph A. Park said last night he
would investigate fraternity initia-
tions.
Robert B. Brooks, %, former
BIS pilot, suffered back injuries
and William E. Lewis, jr., %, 9th
Army veteran, suffered head bruises
when the pair plunged 60 feet into a
stone quarry Saturday night. Both
are Columbus residents and pledges
of Sigma Chi.
Arthur Hermann, Sigma Chi pres
ident, denied the injured veterans
were being initiated, saying they
were on a fraternity walk" to be-
come better acquainted with other
pledges. They simply went the
wrong way, it was explained.
Dean Park, however, isn't con-
vinced. He's looking into the whole
business of fraternity limitations.
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Ey the Associated Press


GREENWICH, Conn, Feb. A.
This normally peaceful Connecticut
comunity, it's nearby hills dottec
with homes of many wealthy New
York City lawyers, bankers and
businessmen, was in turmoil today
over the inclusion in the site recon
mended for the United Nations
world capital
An estimated one-third of the
town of Greenwich lies in the AZ
square miles of Connecticut and
Westchester County IN. ", coun-
tryside rated No. by the UNO Site
Inspection Committee which return
ed to London yesterday to report to
the General Assembly on the pro-
posed location for permanent UNC
headquarters. The committee an
nounced New York as its primary
choice for interim headquarters.
Protests also came from some of
the New York State communities
affected, especially the 200-year-old
town of North Castle, all of whose
1000 inhabitants live in the pro-
lposed permanent site, but it was in
Greenwich that the storm struck
hardest.
On one side property owners con-
fronted with the prospect of evic-
Ition from land that has been in
their families for generations pro-
tested that the choice was unfair
and undemocratic."
On the other side was less voci-
ferrous group, among them a repre-
Sentation of Greenwich shopkeepers,
who declared the choice bestowed a
high honor on the community and
that the cries of opponents reflected
selfish interest.
Deny They Fight UNO.
Originally, the move to interest
the UNO in this region was initiated
by group of Stamford, Conn, resi-
dents who asked Kingsley Gillespie,
publisher of the Stamford Advocate
to sound out public opinion on the
matter. A committee to promote the
Stamford area then was organized.
All opponents were unanimous in
declaring that they were not fight
ing the United Nations Organiza-
ton, and that they Fundamentally
indorsed the UNO principles.
just what they could do to keep
their property from being swallowed
up in an international zone they
were not certain. They hoped, how
ever, that their protests might cause
the Assembly in London to act in
their favor
Across the New York State line
In North Castle, civil social and po-
litical organizations fired volley
OF protest cables at the Assembly in
London.
Evening star., 1946-02-04

General Secretary Parzalidis OF the
EAM, Greek Leftist coalition, quoted
him as saying 1--WE want to say
clearly and specifically that we sup
port all Of the arguments and opin-
ions of the Soviet government"
Gen. Gregoriadis, another member
of the EAM delegation, which is
visiting in the Soviet Union, was
quoted as saying "if the present
Greek government wants to speak
Of the necessity of the presence of
British forces, then this by no
means expresses the wishes of the
Greek people"
The semimonthly magazine New
Times, declared that the presence
Of British troops was interference
by great power in the affairs of a
small state. and threat to peace.
Comment On Trans Charges.
New Times expressed a similar at
titude also toward British troops in
Indonesia. The Council is scheduled
to consider the Indonesian problem
after dealing with Greece.
The Communist party newspaper
Pravda, commenting on the action
OF the Council in Iran, said the ques-
tion "artificially raised in the Secur-
ity Council has been returned to its
natural and legal course-direct ne
gotiations between the two inter-
ested sides"
Prayda charged that "it is no
secret that for some politicians the
raising of the 1ranian question in
the Security Council was only
means Of bringing political crisis
in the United Nations but these
politicians suffered defeated"
New Times declared also that the
United States has been showing
great interest lately in economic
penetration into Saudi Arabia,
Syria and Lebanon.
''The problem of Palestine has
taken on such sharp character
precisely because in 1t is expressed
the differences of interest of Eng
land and America in the Near
East" it said.
atom tests-replaced by one impos-
ing strong secrecy rule.
Mr.. Cole revealed he is drafting
Evening star., 1946-02-04

an amendment to have the resultS
of the test explosions, due to start
three months from now of Bikini
Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
cloaked with secrecy accorded data
about any other new military
weapons.
II think the measure as It now
stands gives the armed forces too
much discretion Mr.. Gale said. 1--WE
want to tighten 1t up"
Approximately 100 warships will
compose the target fleet on which
an airplane will drop an atomic
bomb to determine its effects on
modern fighting and merchant ships,
as well as on shore Notifications
the Army plans to install on Bikini.
Chairman Vinson has told the Ma
val Committee he thinks the Navy's
plan to make discretionary with
armed forces chiefs the disclosure
abroad of the test information Is
sufficient for proper security pre-
cautions, but Mr.. Vinson said COM
mittee members should feel free to
offer stronger language when the
bill reaches the House floor.
Mr.. Cole said ne expects this to
be soon. Among members sharing
his views is Representative Hebert,
Democrat, of Louisiana, who said
the plan to let the Army and Navy
decide what disclosures will be
'prejudicial' to the Nations inter-
ests, to too broad"
What may be prejudicial in one
mans mind may not be prejudicial
to another" Mr. Hebert said. Tn
something as important as this
there should be no leeway at all. I'll
follow Cole in anything he's got"
Quite a few Congress members
feel, like Mr.. Vinson, that military
leaders would be the last to give
away atomic secrets which might
later be turned against this coun-
try In event of another war.
I'm very definitely of the opin-
ion we should keep our atomic
secrets commented Representative
Drewry, Democrat, of Virginia. But
I trust the Army and Navy leaders
to do that"
Evening star., 1946-02-04
-UN0 Military Group
Holds First Secret
Session in London
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, Feb. 4. - The United
National Military Staff Committee.
which will control the worlds inter-
national police force, met for the
first time today. 1t was a secret
session.
Seventeen high-ranking officers
representing the United States.
Russia, Great Britain, France and
China sat around a U-shaped table
in a crowded committee room and
talked for more than an hour.
One woman, Junior 1t. Mini
Boiskov of the Russian delegation,
was among the numerous aides at
tached to each delegation.
Admiral Sir Henry r. Moore.
chief of the British delegation, was
named president of the first session.
The delegates decided that subse-
quent meetings would be headed by
the chiefs of the various delega-
tions. presiding in alphabetical
order.
Gen. Shang Chen of China, Cen
efallSSlmo Chang Kai-Shek's per-
sonal chief of staff, will preside at
the next meeting scheduled tenta-
lively for Wednesday.
A member of the American dele
CATION said no business had been
submitted yet to the committee by
the Security Council. Delegates said
the entire session today was devoted
to drawing up rules of procedure.
Gen. George c. Kenney, Admiral
Richmond K Turner, 1t. Gen.
Matthew B. Ridgway and Naval
Capt. Dennis Knoll represented the
United States.
Russian delegates included Mai.
Gen. A. R. Sharapov, Vice Admiral
V. l.. Bogdenko and 1t. Gen. A. P.
H. Vasiliev. 1t. Gen. Edwin I. Morris
sat with Admiral Moore of Great
Britain. Naval Capt. Ying Tsung-
chow and 1t. Gen. Kwei Yun-chen
represented China and Col. Pierre
d'Esmeval, Vice Admiral Raymond
Fernard and Naval Capt. G. Re-
buffel represented France.
Evening star., 1946-02-04

also rejected Hyde Park, N. Y, as a
preferred recommendation for UNO
headquarters partly on the ground
that the area did not lend itself
to city planning, recommended two
Massachusetts, sites as alternatives
in case the preferred 42-square-mile
area on the New York Connecticut
border was not chosen.
The report is scheduled to 60 to
the Assembly for action tomorrow.
In objecting to Massachusetts,, the
Soviet delegate said a speech made
by Judge Swift at a Boston meeting
showed the Bay State did not have
the necessary political atmosphere
for smooth functioning of the
United Nations. Other members of
the committee did not agree that
this was sufficient grounds for ex-
Guiding Massachusetts.
The committee said any site Sc
lected should be within 80 minutes
travel time of big city, and should
offer the possibility of constructing
a city"
Need Area for Expansion.
1t said the local population should
be evacuated from the United Ma
tions zone as little as possible, and
people whose premises were not re-
quired Immediately could stay on as
tenants of the UNO. 1t added the
Omitted States Government should
compensate any evicted persons and
the United Nations later would pay
the United States Gocernment.
An area of 40 to so square miles is
needed for expansion over a period
of 80 or more years and to protect
the United Nations capital against
the encroachment of any factories,
the committee asserted.
OF Hyde Park, according to this
reporters informant, the committee
says:
The district is apt to be rather
hot in summer. The area does not
lend itself very easily to the build
ing of city inasmuch as there is
only one strip of land which lends
itSe1 10 CITY planning.
The close association of the area
with President Roosevelt :.
is greatly welcomed in certain
American quarters and arouses Just
as strong opposition in others"
Judge Swift, supreme knight of
the Knights of Columbus. said in his
Boston address to 1,500 people at a
dinner in his honor that although
the UNO has banished even the
name of God from it's deliberations,
we offer 1t our humble prayer for
success He said ''the veto power
insisted upon by Russia" was re-
sponsible for these conditions.
Goddess Russia has torn the
Atlantic Charter to tatters and
enslaved millions of our fellow
Catholics. BY one shameless ap-
peasement after another" he de-
clared, I'VE have failed to uphold
our American ideals. Yet we are
now asked to recognize and ratify
the so-called realism of the facts
OF International robbery and un-
blushing enslavement of whole
nations.
And after that is done" he
continued, Ito guarantee the status
quo of those subjugated populations
by sending our American boys, even
without the consent of Congress, to
rivet the fetters more firmly on those
helpless and hopeless millions, lest
their patriotic youth should ever
arise to set themselves free so they
might recover some of those very
same God-given natural rights for
which our boys were told they were
fighting"
He said that sinister forces that
now dominate the world are fever
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Fort BeIvoir Soldier
Denies knowledge oI
Auto Striking Man
BULLETIN.

Pvt. William Schmidt, "a
year-old Fort Belvoir soldier,
was ordered held for action of
the grand jury under the
Negligent Homicide Act by a
coroner's jury today in the
hit-and-run death of Richard
H. Haas, 68, of 821 Tuckerman
street NV.
Pvt. William Schmidt, "a, Fort
Belvoir soldier, said he thought his
car had run over a box and denied
any knowledge of striking a pedes-
trian in testimony today as a cor
oner's inquest opened into the
traffic death of 68-year-old Richard
H. Haas, 821 Tuckerman street NV.
r Mr.. Haas died yesterday of in
luries suffered Saturday night when
he was struck by hit-and-run
automobile at Rittenhouse street
and Georgia avenue NV.
Pvt. Schmidt is held by police on
a total of eight charges in connec-
ton with the tragedy. He was
overtaken after leaving the scene of
the accident a few minutes later.
Pvt. William K. Everett of the Po-
lice Accident Investigation Unit
told the coroner's jury.
The soldier, the father of a 10
week-old baby, was cold SOBER" the
policeman said.
Policeman Everett said shattered
glass was strewn for so feet in the
area where Mr.. Haas was struck.
and said there were two witnesses
to the accident. Pvt. Schmidt also
denied any knowledge of striking
Mrs. Alice L. Bell, %, of the 5000
block Of Thirteenth street NV. at
Georgia avenue and Quackenbos
street NV. few minutes earlier.
Police said Harold r. Hamman,
26, of Kensington, Md, captured the
soldier in a chase which led several
blocks from the scene of Mr.. Hass'
nilIrv
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Red Publications Continue
Attacks Aqoinst Britain

MOSCOW, Feb. 4.-Soviet publi-
cations yesterday continued to carry
attacks on the British policy in
Greece, which is now before the
United Nations Security Council.
Tass carried a Leningrad inter-
view with the leader of a three
man FAM delegation from Greece,
who contended that British troops
in Greece are contributing to dis
order and threatening world peace
Tass. identifying the leader as
Evening star., 1946-02-04
Gen. Morgan Departs
For Reich Headquarters
BY che Associated Press.

By Ehe Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Feb. At. Gen. Sir
Frederick E. Morgan. chief of United
Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration operations in Ger
many. left La Guardia Field last
night to return to his headquarters
at, Arolson, Germany.
Gen. Morgan came to the United
States to confer with UNRRA
Director Herbert H. Lehman, follow
ing demands for his resignation
after he had said there was an
organized plan to transport Jews
from Poland into the American
occupation zone. Gen. Morgan re-
fused to resign.
Evening star., 1946-02-04
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