davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

Gen. George c. Marshall Is making
strenuous efforts to patch up another
armistice between the Chinese govern
ment and the Yenan Communists.
Although the present truce, which
was hailed few weeks ago as a foun-
dation for better cooperation between
the national forces of Generalissimo
Chang Kai-shek and the Communist
organization of Gen. Mao Tse-tung, did
not apply to Manchuria where no Com
munist forces were supposed to exist,
the American special ambassador is re-
ported to be willing to extend the exist
ing arrangements to that area.
He is reported to be proposing COM
promise whereby the Communists would
remain temporarily in their positions in
Changchun and Harbin while Gen.
Chiang's divisions would occupy only
Southern Manchuria, which they now
hold in sufficient force.
Gen. Marshall bases his compromise
on the American desire to eventually
combine the Communist and Nationalist
armies into one force, in which the Com
munists would have 10 divisions. These,
however, will no longer be considered as
separate unit, but will belong to the
national army.
This reported plan of Gen. Marshall
would succeed if things were what they
appear to be on paper. The premise on
which the American conciliator proceeds
is that the present trouble in China
arises from riyalries between two Chi
nese factions: the officially recognized
Marking government, and the Yenan
Communist government.
In fact, however, the struggle in China
Is not among the Chinese themselves. For
almost half century Russia has had its
eyes on the rich Manchuria province
and has used all means to gain a privi-
legged position there The Russo -Japa
nese War of 1904 was caused by conflict
ing Russian and japanese imperialisms
and the Chinese had to pay for the
broken glass.
Communism has changed nothing in
the political makeup of the Russian
leaders. There is the same desire today,
as in the days of the Cars, to control
Evening star., 1946-04-23
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

Meade be the nominee for Governor.
Further, Mr.. Farley will not, it is be-
lieved, raise finger to help elect Mr..
Mead be the nominee for Governor.
he would feel impelled to denounce Mr..
Mead again, however, is another ques-
ton. The probabilities are he would
content himself with saying nothing
publicly, which might have considerable
effect.
1t is not unlikely that before the De-
mocratic nominations for Governor and
Senator are made Mr.. Farley's advice
may be sought in Washington, as we'll
as here. The New York campaign this
year has its full significance for the
Democrats nationally. AS a warming
up gallop for the 1948 Presidential cam
paisn that would be greatly satisfied if
they could win the gubernatorial race
and at the same time knock off Gov.
Dewey, the titular leader of the Repub-
ican party as its standard bearer in
1914. Mr.. Farley has been a friend in
the past of Democratic National Chair
man Hannegan, as well as of President
Truman. 1t is natural they would be
glad to have the Democrats present a
solid front in the New York campaign.
While Mr.. Farley was in Europe he
talked over the New York political stu
alton with Associate Justice Jackson of
the United States Supreme Court, now
prosecutor of war criminals in Ger
many. Justice Jackson has been con-
sidered a potential nominee for Gov
ernor. Undoubtedly Mr. Farley would
find it easy to go to work for him in
the campaign, should the party nomi-
nate him. There is no feud between the
two as exists between Messrs. Farley
and Mead. Justice Jackson, however,
was entirely noncommital on the sub
ject of running for Governor At present
Justice Jackson has the support of none
of the Democratic leaders in New York,
who are out beating the tom toms for
Senator Mead. However, the State
conventions are five months in the fu-
ture and lot could happen in that
period
Mr.. Farley right now is not talking
politics publicly. That eventually he
will have good deal to say about the
New York situation seems inevitable.
No Democrat in the country, and Ger
tainly in New York, has more friends.
And no Democrat has a greater reputa-
ton for political sagacity and for
integrity
Evening star., 1946-04-23

NEW YORK-James A. Farley-"Big
Jlm'-holds unique position in the
Democratic party, both State and ma
tional, today. Famous as the man who
conducted Nationwide campaign in
1882 to nominate the late Franklin D.
Roosevelt for President, who served in
the Roosevelt cabinet for nearly eight
years and at the same time was chair
man of the Democratic National Com
mittee and Of the New York State Dem
ocratic Committee, his words and ad-
vice carry weight. He Is back from Eu-
rope, where he went on business trip,
and his views on the New York politi-
cal situation are eagerly sought.
He has been mentioned many times as
possible nominee for Governor-some-
times for Senator. The latter job does
not interest him in the slightest. There
is strong feeling, however, he would
like to be Governor-particularl as a
stepping stone to vice presidential
nomination in 1948.
Despite his wide participation in poll
tics, Mr.. Farley has never been a can
didate for high elective Office except
once. That was after he broke with the
late President Roosevelt on the third
ia LSSuc dllQ dllOWeQ Ills name 10 20
before the Democratic National Con-
vention in 1910 for the presidential NOM
ination. His split with Mr.. Roosevelt,
after years of close association, is as
much part of political history as was
the break between the late President
Theodore Roosevelt and the late Presi-
dent and Chief Justice Taft.
II n
Mr.. Farley. however, has always re-
tanned his Democratic party regularity.
He did not, like the late Gov. Alfred
E. Smith. abandon the Democratic ma
tional ticket in the campaign of 1940
or in that of 1914. In a serious clash
with Mr.. Roosevelt in 1912, however,
Mr. Farley nominated his candidate for
Governor over Senator Mead, who had
the all-out backing of Mr.. Roosevelt
in a turbulent Democratic State Con-
vention. This has its bearing on today's
situation-for Senator Mead is appar-
emily the Democratic high commands
choice for the gubernatorial nomination
against Gov. Dewey next fall Before
that convention Mr.. Farley delivered a
bitter diatribe against Mr.. Mead
What Mr.. Farley said then will un-
doubtedly be used by the Republicans
in the coming campaign, should Mr..
Evening star., 1946-04-23
Coal for Relief

In appealing to John L. Lewis to
permit the mining of enough coal to
satisfy the essential needs of war
stricken European countries, Mr.. La
Guardia, director general of UNRRA,
has approached the head of the
United Mine Workers from a side
which may prove vulnerable.
Mr.. Lewis, who is conducting a
strike, will not permit the mining
of coal to satisfy the needs of this
country, and no one is asking him
to do so. If he were asked, he prob
ably would say no. But he may be
more amenable to an appeal on be-
half of the suffering people of
Europe.
An adequate supply of coal is
essential if the current effort to
alleviate the distress Of the war
victims is to be successful, for with
out coal the food being gathered
for those who are starving cannot
be delivered. And coal is also essen
tial if the industrial establishments
in the destitute countries are to be
restored to the point where the
people of those countries can begin
to supply their own needs.
The avowed purpose of the strike
which Mr.. Lewis is conducting is to
alleviate the economic distress Of
the members of his union. He says
that their distress is very great. But
certainly it is not as great as that of
the people of Italy, Greece, Poland
and other countries. Their distress
approaches the borderline of death,
and Mr.. Lewis is in position to do
something for them. His response
to the La Guardia appeal will be
awaited with interest.
Evening star., 1946-04-23

defend the basic community of in
terest and thought that has bound
them together for generations. Now.
as he prepares to return to Britain
he raises the same point again, earn
estly urging that Anglo-American
relations be cultivated in such a
manner that no one in the future
will ever doubt where We stand re-
garding liberty and that the United
Nations and world peace may thus
be bulwarked. If this counsel is not
1oilowed, it will not be because Hall
TAX has failed to offer it repeatedly
and persuasively during his years as
Ambassador when he served not
merely his own country, but also, in
broader sense, the freedom of man
everywhere.
Evening star., 1946-04-23
Advice From Hulifux

In his farewell address last night
as British Ambassador to the United
States, the Earl of Halifax once
again displayed those qualities of
mind and spirit that impressed his
name and personality so deeply on
the American people during the war
years. He arrived among us in the
dark days of 1941, when President
Roosevelt went down Chesapeake
Bay to greet him personally even
before he had set foot on our soil
an unprecedented gesture dramatic
ing the greatness of the cause rep
resented by this modest but excep-
tionally gifted Englishman
The cause was the cause of free
dom and democracy, and it was as
much ours as Britain's, though Brit
ain in that desperate time stood
almost alone on the other side of the
Atlantic in fighting for it. Events
themselves, of course, finally con-
vinced most Americans that just as
they shared with the British a COM
mon heritage of language and politi-
cal philosophy, they shared also a
common peril But Halifax, in his
work as envoy, visiting every State
in the Union as none of his predeces-
sors had ever done, accomplished
more than can be measured in max
ing that peril understandable in
simple human terms. He distin-
guished himself greatly in the way
he discharged such heavy technical
responsibilities as working out lease
lend agreements, but he will be best
remembered in this country for his
unassuming yet warm and attrac-
tive personality and for the wisdom
and sincerity of his words and their
fine Christian temper.
A point often made by Halifax
during the war was that the Axis
aggressors would never have dared
to march had Britain and the United
States demonstrated a concerted will
to use their combined strength to
Evening star., 1946-04-23
No Quarter

I Dould hare shown her phere the
1dder-tongue
Gre,D in the s,Damp, its golden chulice
turned
ModeStly do1Dn,0drd ho1D the oriole
s,Uung
His hammock from the elm .ho,o
NAPLES burned
With God in autumn ho,D the first
snoD found
Tenantless nests In lovely, naked trees.
,Dould hare taught her hotD beneath
the ground
The sap began to stir NTH memories.
And rise triumphant oper ,Dinter slun,-
ber
I ,could haze shosDn hsr oaks q Gen.
tury old
Putting forth leaves IN spring, sresn,
tDfthont number.
Oh, ,Dise and secret things I spould
hare told.
The Master ordered other,ciss-they
face
Accounting strict, pho rssr her In ny
place.
ALMA ROBERTS dloRDAN.
Evening star., 1946-04-23
Castles in Spain
To the Editor Of The Star;

To the Editor Of The Star:
The hounds Of spring leap from their
lair and wanderlust is in my hair. fain
would board liner, sleek, and head for
misty Mozambique. Or follow Cleo
patra's style-a galley floating down the
Nile; or yet, magic carpet haunt and
fly to Bagdad for jaunt.
All, just to sit beside the sea and
breathe the air of Normandy . That
lovely view from Naples bay >. The
smoky haze of dim Pompeii . Fair
Erin's isle so misty green =. The azure
blue of Loeb Katrine! Why, cen Car
ibbean cruise would lure me into tray
elm shoes.
Yet, as I pen this arabesque, fresh
papers pyramid my desk; my vagrant
fancies far may stray, but needs demand
three squares" per day and clothes to
shield my angled form in keeping with
conventions norm: so, what though
gypsy dreams bestir? Stern Routine
bellows: "As you were!"
RAY H. EVERETT.
Evening star., 1946-04-23

and such matters as commercial ar
rangements, the routing of shipments,
freight rates and customs charges are
OF vital importance to it's future. It's
great prosperity was under the dual
monarchy, when all this was centrally
controlled for most of the area served
by the port. Under Yugoslav rule, this
situation would be partially reproduced
at least for an area from which
about 30 per cent Of the former trade
OF Trieste was drawn. Granted the
long g-dreamed-of Danubian customs
union and commercial agreements COW
ering Yugsolavia, Austria Hungary and
Czechoslovakia, the great days of Trieste
might come again.
All these considerations must be in the
minds of the peace conferees at Paris
when the italian peace treaty comes
before them. The disputed area has been
Professionally divided into two zones.
Zone A, including Trieste itself and the
naval base at Pola, is occupied by Allied
troops-to be precise, by one and a half
British divisions and the 88th United
States Infantry Division, the whole COM
manded by 1t. Gen. w. D. Morgan of the
British Army. Zone B, the eastern part
Of the disputed territory, is occupied by
the Yugoslav forces of Marshal Tito in
considerably greater numerical strength
The line between the two zones-known
as the Morgan Line"-is too long for
two and one-half divisions to defend
under normal conditions.
In the north, adjacent to the Austrian
frontier, the terrain on both sides of the
line Is mountainous. In the south the
Allies in general hold the plain, the
Yugoslavs the mountains commanding
the plain to the eastward. The military
factor favoring the Allies is the fact that
the Yugoslavs are dependent for supply
on two railways-those from Ljubliana
and Fiume-which could easily be inter-
rupted by Allied air power, considerable
OF which could be made available to Gen.
Morgan in case of need. The Yugoslavs
have no air force worth mentioning.
Hence they are unlikely to try any mill
tary coup at present unless they are
guaranteed Russian support, and no one
thinks the Russians are prepared to risk
a general war over the future of Trieste.
A better guess would be that the Rus
slams will in the end yield on Trieste
thus, incidentally, avoiding q breach
with the Italian Communist party-and
seek by this sweet reasonableness to gain
compensating advantage elsewhere In
areas Of more immediate Importance to
them, such as the Dardanelles and the
Middle East.
Evening star., 1946-04-23
The Trieste Issue
By George Fielding Eliot

The situation in the Trieste-Venezia
Giulia area, like so many others in this
troubled world, is one In which military,
political and economic factors are mex
tricably interwined.
The basic question is whether the
great seaport of Trieste and the sur
rounding area shall be handed over to
Yugoslavia or retained by Italy. To
some the solution may seem simple.
Yugoslavia was our ally in the war,
Italy our enemy. So why support the
claims of an enemy against the claim of
a friend? But at the moment, Yugo-
slavia is in close collaboration with the
U. S. S. R., and there are many who
fear that if Trieste passes into Yugo-
slav control it will become a Russian
window on the Mediterranean"
Trieste is favorably situated to become
once again, as it used to be in the days
of the Austro- Hungarian monarchy the
great seaport Of all central Europe,
serving Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
and Southern Germany as we'll as much
Of Yugoslavia. 1t is of far greater capa
city that any Adriatic port now in Yugo-
slav possession, and has much better
inland communications than the ports
Of the Yugoslav coast, cut off as the
latter are by the high escarpment of
the Dalmatian Alps. But would it, in
Yugoslav hands, become the center Of
growing Russian influence and agita-
ton in the Mediterranean? Would it
become the Russian stepping stone to
Africa?
Then there is the question of popu-
lation. The population of Trieste is
predominantly South Slav. There is no
'clever" way of adjusting this situation;
a decision has to be made which one
element or the other will not like.
Politically it is proposed on the one
hand that Trieste be retained by Italy,
with suitable guarantees for the pro-
lection Of the Slav minority among its
Inhabitants, which involves also leav-
ing much of the hinterland under
Italian rule. The Yugoslavs want
Trieste to become unit of the Yugo-
slav federal state, with suitable guar
antees for the protection of the Italian
population. This is wholly unacceptable
to the Italians, and probably no Ital-
ian goverpment which agreed to it
could remain in Office.
The economic arguments tend to favor
the Yugoslav side, on the surface
Trieste can exist and prosper only as q
great seaport for Central Europe Con-
troll OF its rail- and. road approaches,
Evening star., 1946-04-23
The Gill Decision

THE findings by the special Board
of INQUIRY which was appointed to
investigate charges brought by the
noard of Public Welfare against
Howard B. Gill, suspended general
superintendent of District penal in
stitutions closely parallel those
made last week by the Hebert sub
committee of the House District
Committee.
The congressional group disclaimed
any purpose to pass judgment on the
charges being heard by the Board of
Inquiry. Nevertheless, the subcom-
mlttee, which made an investigation
of conditions at the Jail after the
Medley-McFarland escapes, conclud-
ed that the usefulness of Mr.. Gill, so
lar as District penal institutions
are concerned, "is at an end" In
clarification, the subcommittee added
that regardless of the ability of the
present general superintendent, an
lmpasse has arisen whereby he can
not under any circumstances be
continued in the capacity of general
superintendent"
The Board of Inquiry, composed of
two former presidents of the District
Bar Association and a District
banker, says that it's unanimous de-
cision was reached prior to the pub
lication of the findings of the con-
gressional group. There is little diff
ference, however, between the boards
conclusions and those of the sub
committee.
Without challenging Mr.. Gill's
motives, the board, sustaining six of
the original sixteen complaints,
found that the effect of Mr.. Gill's
conduct was such as to make his
return to the jail as general super
intendent impossible and intoler-
able. The cuStodial staff would have
no respect for their superiors or for
the Board of Public Welfare, and
several of the staff have expressed
their intention to resign if Mr.. Gill
returns. 1t is quite clear that the
attitude of the custodial staff toward
him would make cooperation at the
jail impossible. The board can
not escape the conclusion that the
return of Mr.. Gill to his position as
general superintendent would fur
ther adversely affect the morale at
that institution"
This puts the matter up to the
District Commissioners, and while it
seems unlikely that they will take a
stand in opposition to the conclu-
sions of both the subcommittee and
the board of inquiry, the fact re-
mains that the final decision is
theirs. 1t should be emphasized,
however, that removal of Mr.. Gill, if
that is determined upon, will not of
itself effect the needed reforms in
the Districts penal system. At the
heart of the problem is the divided
authority over the system, and
that can best be remedied by enact
ment of legislation setting up a Dis
trict department. of corrections, as
recommended by the Hebert COM
mittee. Unless this is done, and
done in a manner to establish a clear
line of authority and responsibility
for the administration of the Jail
and allied institutions, mere changes
in personnel will accomplish little
or nothing.
Evening star., 1946-04-23

effectively at least the portions Of
Manchuria which adjoin Siberia. This
explains why the Red armies had no
compunction in surrendering Mukden
and Southern Manchuria to the National
government, while they arranged mat
ters so that the Chinese Communists,
whom they own body and soul, should
move into the northern parts Of the
country.
Militarily the Chinese Communists
are weak They have large number of
men, but lack war material. This handi-
cap was quickly remedied by the Soviet
high command. Some 300,0 900 Commu-
mist soldiers were brought into Northern
Manchuria from Dairen, port which
should have been equally shared by the
Soviet and Chinese government in ac-
cordance with the treaty signed last
August.
When Gen. Chang demanded, in ac-
cordance with that treaty, that his divi-
sions be allowed to land and use the
jointly controlled railway which leads
to Harbin, Moscow refused. Instead, it
transported large bodies of Communists
from Shantung Province. These men
were unarmed. But as soon as they
reached Northern Manchuria they were
provided with up-to-date military equip
ment.
X
Although in the long fight between
the National and Communist forces the
latter never had adequate equipment,
in the battle for Changchun the Yenan
Communists had modern artillery and
tanks. These were all of japanese make
When the japanese surrendered to
the Red armies in Manchuria all their
equipment was placed under Russian
control. No representatives of the other
Allies, and particularly Gen. Chang,
were allowed to enter Manchuria, which
was surrounded by wall of Russian
bayonets. What the Red high COM
mand did with the Japanese Kwantung
Army, estimated at between 100000 and
100000 men, is still mystery But it
is obvious that much of the Kwantung
Army's modern war material has been
handed over to the Chinese Commu.
nists, who entered Manchuria empty
handed
Evening star., 1946-04-23
Planning Is Necessary

From the London (ontario) Free Press.
Canadians do not take readily to the
notion of a planned economy but only
planned" economy can overcome the
present food crisis. 1t is ALREADY
planned to the extent that the gov
ernment sets quotas for overseas, estab-
fishes price floors and intimates how
much OF various crops the farmer should
produce. The logical development, and
the urgent necessity is to extend this
planning to insure adequate farm labor,
the crux Of which Is farm wages,
Evening star., 1946-04-23
Or Neither?

From the Philadelphia Bulletin.
This row between Russia and Britain
seemed to simmer down to q demand
whether UNs choice is vodka or Scotch.
46sAnsA
Evening star., 1946-11-17

fessionals They write Bach letters from
places like New Delhi. London, Rome,
Nome, Paris, Moscow and every other news
center in the world.
The shy and retiring mans teaching
techniques are as simple and as complex
as living. He merely tries to make his stu
dents look at their daily experiences in
terms of their pictorial value. He gives
them the technical ability to convert
their impressions into interesting pic
lures. The photographs on these pages are
the result of his teachings.
If Bach retired tomorrow. his record
would be gratifying. His students have con-
sistently proved that they are trained for
top-notch professional work. The final pic
lures by the graduating class each year
would make the average collection of salon
prints look pale.
Evening star., 1946-11-17

These high-school students do
their classwork in a darkroom
and homework with a camera
In FANCY quarters trimmed with the new
l. est equipment. sandy haired c. H. Bach
runs one of the best Photographic schools in
the West. The course. what's more. is free
for the asking. Reason: Bach is teacher
at the Los Angeles Fremont High School.
Twenty years ago. Bach along with an
old friend, the principal of Fremont High,
installed a laboratory in a dressing room
of the auditorium. Bach's first batch of
students filed in, were turned out to snap
pictures all over Los Angeles.
Today. some of those same students are
the country's most outstanding war CORE
spondents. news photographers and pro-