davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07
Protection Sought
III Bristol Terrace
Residents Complain About City's
Lack Of Service IN Section

complaints from residents Of the
ristol Terrace section Of the city
invaded the peace and quiet Of both
the Fire and Police Board meetings
yesterday.
Eleven members Of the section,
located near the Naugatuck- Water
bury line, declared IN q letter TO
the Board Of Aldermen Monday
that the district does not receive
adequate police protection. The
letter asserted that 70 patrol car
has never been seen in the dis
trict."
The matter was turned over to
Police superintendent william J.,
Roach for investigation. Superin-
tendent Roach declared that the
Motor Patrol makes regular visits
TO the area. His declaration was
backed up by q statement from
Commissioners Wendell Cross TO the
effect that although the residents OF
Bristol Terrace as we'll as other
sections, may not see the police
patrols, they nevertheless make
steady and periodic checks Of all
the neighborhoods"
Want Better Fire Ald
The same II petltioers who de-
clared that they planned to "secede"
from Waterbury II not provided
with adequate city services, reques-
ted the Board OF Aldermen 10 in-
stall better fire protection.
Fire Chief Martin ]. Campion,
10 whom the matter was referred
by the Fire Board, declared that the
distance from the city OF the Sec
ton makes II " an expensive prop
ositlon," He said, however, that he
would investigate the situation and
report to the Board.
Also before the Board OF Fire
Commissioners was O complaint
from Park Road residents who de-
sired additional fire alarm boxes.
Installation OF two boxes win begin
within few days, the Board was
told by an investigating committee.
Donation Announced
An application was received from
Frederick A. Thomas for appoint
inent to the Departments Call
Force. Receipt Of a S. donation
from the Waterbury Civic Theater
TO the Fifemen's Aid Association
was announced.
i, Upon receipt Of an opinion BY
Corporation Counsel Maurice T.
Healey, the Board Of Police Com
missioners voted disband the Wa
terbury Auxiliary Police Unit which
has been In operation here since
the advent Of war
10 was declared at o previous
melting that the Board would seek
to retain the valuable" services Of
the unit which has assisted the po-
lice department all during the war.
Attorney Healy's opinion yesterday,
however, pointed out that under
the law the unit was scheduled for
disarmament six weeks after the
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

panies; 2o3d, 26th, S478th Ordnance
Motor Maintenance Companies;
559th, 549th A. A. A. Aircraft Warm
ing Battaliors; 20lst, 3l4th, S42d
Ordnance Depot Companies: 459th
Ordnance Evacuation Company;
368th Ordnance Maintenance Com
pany; 5l9th, Engineer Maintenance
Company; 2836th Petrol DISTRIBUTE
ing Company; 7leth Engineer De-
pot Company; 1254th Engineer
Construction Company; 4S4th En-
gineer Heavy Shop Company; l6Sd,
3lst Engineer Construction 1attal-
ions; 18th Field Artillery Observa-
ton Battalion; 998th ON Salvage
Collecting Company; 6oth Anphibi-
Gus Tractor Battalion; 687th Engi-
neer Base Equipment Company;
436th Engineer Shop Company;
l172d Engineer Collecting Group;
4lSth Engineer Dumptruck Com
pany; 9e7th, 8llth, 988th Ordnance
Base Depot Companies; l65th Sig
nal Photo Company; 413th Field
Artillery Group; >39l3th QM Gas
Supply Company; seth Signal Bat
talon; e25th Tank Test Battalion;
747th Amphibious Tank Battalion;
3OS4th, S01sth ON Bakeries; 2l6th
Signal Depot Company; 5th Evac-
uation Hospital; Esd Field Hospital.
Sailed Tuesday from Bremen:
Part of 35th Engineer General Serv-
ice Regiment; 9o5th, 907th Engineer
Treadway Bridge Companies.
Sailed Tuesday from lie Havre:
Remainder Of 407th Infantry Regi-
ment; five groups Of casualS.
Troops cleared during the twen-
ty-four hours ending noon today to-
tailed / 1877, as follows: Bremen, ZOOS
and LIE Havre, 1874.
Requirements arrived Tuesday:
Two officers, thirty-three enlisted.
Total March requirements to
date: 6,2l6.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07
Your CT Rights
BY DOUGLAS LARSEN
NEA stan Correspondent

washington, March 7-(NEA)-
One Of the big answers to the hous-
ing shortage Is the cooperative
action OF veterans in using their
CT rights to finance new projects
and in buying government housing
for their own use.
Veterans who get toether and
pool the money they can borrow
on q guaranteed loan are in q
better position to get place to
live than is the ex-serviceman who
acts on his own. They are able to
bid on big projects which the gov
eminent has up for sale
So far Washington hasn't made
1t specific policy to give groups
Of veterans priority for all surplus
housing such as the law provides
for other surplus property. At
present private real estate men and
organizations can bid in direct COM
petition with discharges groups
for such housing. But Congress-
woman Edith Nourse Rogers (R.-
Mass) has introduced q bill which
gives veterans co-ops first crack at
these government projects, and
quick congressional action on 1t is
expected.
Under the Rogers Bill, veterans
would have first chance to buy war
housing within 80 days after it
was offered for sale. The govern
ment and the veterans organiza-
ton which wanted to buy the
property would get together. II
they couldn't agree on the price.
an independent appraiser would be
called in 10 establish a reason
able" value.
It Is Is possible, too. for veterans
to pool their loan money and buy
q lot and material for new home
units. Appreciable savings can be
made by veterans working together
this way. It has been done success
fuily ~ many cases.
Other bills now In Congress give
additional veteran priority for
building materials. If, in addition
70 pooling their money, vets pool
their priority claims for building
materials, thus buying in large lots,
they are likely TO get much faster
delivery.
MnnAG4sAaaa n
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

Cpl. Albert J. Bibeau, son Of Mr..
and Mrs. Wilfred Bibeau, 8 Glen
ridge Street, is scheduled TO arrive
in New York today from Kassel,
Germany, aboard the Cape Cod.
Overseas for Is months, Corp
oral Bibeau entered the service in
November 1914. He was awarded
the Purple Heart for wounds re-
ceived in Luxembourg on January
u, 1945. He attended Leavenworth
High School and worked for the
Scovill Manufacturing Co. prior TO
entering the service.
His wife, Theresa, resides ct 8
Glenridge Street. cpl. Bibeau has
two brothers, Cpl. Francis, who is
now stationed in Germany, and
Andre, who was discharged last
year.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

Anthony KuharslSi, Pharmicist
Mate, second class, Navy, has re-
ceiyed an honorable discharge and
returned 10 his home on Bristol
Street, Thomaston.
He was q member or the armed
forces three years, IS months OF
which were spent In the Pacific.
He has received the Asiatlc- Pa
ciflc ribbon with two battle stars
and the Philippine Liberation rib
bon with two battle stars, the Good
Conduct Medal, Victory Medal and
American Theater ribbon.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07
TO-DAY
DUE TODAY

DUE TODAY
At New York-Huddleston (Bre-
merhaven), SIG patients, o5 troops,
Pier IS, 8. l., 8 a. m. Ernie Pyle,
Gle Havre, 2,998, Pier "a H. r., 7:30
q. m. Westminster Victory CAN'T
werp), l,402 Pier 8, Bush Terminal,
3 q. m. Coaldale Victory lie Havre),
1851, Pier Is, 8. l., q. m. st. Adams
Victory Gle Havre), l47i. Pier IS,
s., $50 p. m. Cape Cob, lie
Havre). l,222, pier "a, H. B. $50
p. m. Orpheus (Calcutta), 20, will
debark of Rosebank, s. I. at 3 a. m.
At Norfolk. r. Drake, 20.
At San Francisco-General
Bundy MANILA, 1880, sea Ray
(Okinawa), 2,l96. Fred W. Weed
manila, IS, Kennebago (China)
l04.
AT San Diego-Destroyers Craven
and Gridley, IS.
ARRIVED YESTERDAY
At New York.-Lejeune Qe
Havre) $500, Pier, 81, II. B. z a. m.
Mahonoy City Victory lie Havre),
1,434, Pier IS, S. l., 6 p. m. Agwi
Prince Gle Havre), 1927 Pier "a,
H. S., 8 p. m,
At Norfolk Rufus Foster Casa
blanca, 80. Robert Lansing amt
werp), six.
At San Diego-Guilford, l,742
Destroyer tender Oamli $685. De-
stroyers Metcalf Shields and escorts
Savage Mile SallStrom and Rams
den, 348.
At Seattle-Wapio (Oaku four
European RedeplOyment Table
Frankfurt, March 7-(UP)-Yes-
terday's redeployment schedule: Al
sea: 331st. 3S0th, 327th, S70th Field
Artillery Battalions; 327th Medical
Battalion; 4O7th Infantry Regiment
Gall Of 1929 Division); 607th, 259th,
3O8th, 364th Field Artillery Battal-
ions; 5O3d Medical Company; 37lst
Medical Signal Company, 27lst En-
gineer Combat Battalion Gall Of list
Division; Seth Engineer General
Service Regiment; 156th Infantry
Regiment; 3l87th, 1850, 409lst ON
Service Companies; 3664th, 4254thr
3872d. S71Oth, 39O6th, 3e02d, 30O4thr
3SO9th, 34OSd QM Truck Companies;
256th, 959th, 775th, 280th, 6O9th,
25Oth, 60lst Field Artillery Battal-
ions; 257th Engineer Combat Bat
talon; 3473d, 3522d, 352Sd, 1l6th
Ordnance Medium Automotive
Maintenance Companies: 54Sth
566th Motor Ambulance Companies;
378th Medical Collecting Company
528th Port Company; 900th ON
Laundry; 527th, 3l0th, 352d ON
Railhead Companies: 245th Engi'
neer Construction Company; 5000
NIP Company; 229th Salvage Col
lecting Company; e5th Medical De
pot Company; 947th Ordnance Mo
tor Vehicle Distributing Company
64Tth Medical Clearing Company
827th, 019th Base Ordnance Com
Cherry Street, Naugatuck.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

RETURNING CHS
Four local Hervicemen are schedA
uled 70 arrive In the states from
overseas stations this week, Due
10 arrive II New York aboard the
Westminster Victory are SGT. Philip
O. Story and Sgt. Sebastian A. Ven
ezlaro. Landing at s. Francisco on
Saturday are SfSgt, Constant STAN
so, IA Adams Street Extension, and
Cpl. Ambrose v. Carrangelo, a
Pleasant View Avenue. Pfc. Ray
lnond Sexauer, 'roi1ington, is also
scheduled 70 land At San Francisco
on Saturday.
The Belgian bride Of Armand J.
oraSso, 20 Granger Street, Is due
10 arrive IN New York aboard the
General Goethals on March l5.
Grasso Is now employed by the
Lux Clock Company. He was mar
ried In Belgium last June. A for
ner AAF sergeant, he was dis
charged on September n.
RETURNING FROM TOKYO
With the Isl Cavalry Division in
Fokyo-Pfc. Charles j.. Caputo Of
Hartford, with enough points UNI
der the present Army redeployment
plan, Is among the latest group OF
men eligible from the LIST Cavalry
Division for return to the United
States from Tokyo,
Overseas 10 months, Caputo
served in &C" Troop, 18th Cavalry
Regiment, as a rifle man. A veteran
Of two campaigns, he wears the
ASiatic- Pacific Theater ribbon with
campaign stars for Leyte, and Luz
ION, the Combat Infantiymans
Badge and the Philippine Liberation
ribbon with two stars.
A graduate from Leavenworth
high school, he worked for Water
bury Steel Ball Company. He en-
tered the Army on August Is, 1874,
and received his basic training at
Fort Riley, Kansas.
His parents, Mr.. and Mrs, Leon
ard Caputo, reside at % Market
Street, New Haven. His wife and
daughter reside at 2S6 Dutch Point
Colony, Hartford.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07
Suppose You're Not in the Picture

AS long as you have a job
you will protect your family
-. see to it they have a good
home, comforts, security.
Will protection cease if you
are no longer here to provide
for them?
Low-cost Savings Bank Life
Insurance offers a practical
way for you to be sure now
they will have the protection
they may need later. Straight
Life may be the best buy for
you.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

The Society Islands OF the South
, seas have . censor Of photograph
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

Cherry Street, Naugatuck.
John w. Fitzgerald, EN- 2/c,. 81
Railroad Hill Street, was discharged
from the Navy at the separation
center at Shoemaker, Calf.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07
STABILIZED 1855

A Great TopcOot-The Lombok-A
Greet Price $45-A Greet Topcoct
To Be Seen In.
IFS versatile ell around he'll
rain o. shine wsotheE beatsE, good
for every coat day In ths year for
Mony men.
This Lsmbsk fleece, us soft sur
faced and comfortable os you
could Imagine, Is : tOpeoss shst
asks 10 qussfer, takes On unmsg-
eiful service weIlop. end comes
~ seady for noss--it's hand
tal'eFsd eoot thors on me lob
soFa long sinSs end takes iEs work
seriously. II
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

The cost is really low, for ex-
ample:
ONLY Sc A DAY
FOR $1,000 STRAIGHT LIFE
OR $l.s7 A MONTH AT AGE 80
Get costs for your age on this
and other standard life poll
cies. The only life insurance
sold in Connecticut with frat
year dividend and cash value
without restriction = makes
annual net costs less. Com
pare before you buy. Send
coupon. No agent will call.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

Leonard Nardozza, son Of Mr.,
and Mrs. vito Nardosza. 4S
Howard street, win graduate from
the University Of Maryland School
OF Dentistry on March 3. He will
receive the degree Of Doctor OF
Dental surgery. NardoEza win be
q dental inferno ct st. Mary's
Hospital following his graduation,
A graduate Of Crosby High
School, Nardoxza attended Ford
ham University where he obtained
his Bachelor Of Science in 1913.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1946-03-07

Qnestiens win be answered
eniy u this space-nOt BY NALL
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

And lumbermen claim England
is getting the bulk of our hardwood
flooring, for reasons similar to the
wall board Well our government
has been taking pretty good care Of
England for some years now-at
the cost of American lives and mon
ey.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

If the "boys in Washington" will
only let US go, Libby is due for a
fine building boom and growth in
population during the years just
ahead. In addition to being the
leading lumber products communi-
ty in the state. there is no legiti
mate reason for the Libby country
failing to become one of the fav-
ored Montana vacation spots.
Situated in an alpine setting Sc
cond to none, the section has the
scenic drives, the fishing, hunting
and pack-in possibilities, supported
by an idea summer climate to make
a vacation center with attractions
for most everyone
One of the community's out
standing assets for future develop
ment is the local flying club The
forest service and the Libby Fly
ing Club will assure the perpetual
ton of good landing fields for the
section: and in the days to come,
flying facilities will contribute
more and more to the economic, So
cial and vacation development OF
our country.
All D O ssible encouragement
should be given to our local flying
club and the development in which
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28
NOTICE OF HEARING

A resolution declaring an emer-
gency to exist, requiring an appro-
priation in the amount of 100000
for the continued repair and main
tenance of the city streets for the
balance of the fiscal year WiIl be
held at the city hail on April 2,
1916 at 800 P NJ, at which time
any taxpayer may appear and be
heard for or against the expendi-
ture of such money for this emer-
gency,
Resolution
WHEREAS there has existed in the
City of Libby during the winter
months of 1945 and 1916 an I'M
usual fall of snow, an excessive
amount of moisture, and severity
of climatic conditions which necessi-
tated the expenditure of all funds
appropriated for street maintenance
in excess of the budget estimate;
and
WHEREAS the shortage of funds
for further street maintenance could
not have reasonably been foreseen
at the time of making the budget
for said purpose.
NOW THEREFORE be it resolved
by the city council of the City of
Libby in a meeting held March s.,
1916, hereby declares that an emef-
gency exists in the street fund and
that an estimated amount of SlO00.-
90 is required from the general fund
to meet such emergency.
Further that a public hearing will
be held thereon at the City Hall
on April 2, 1916 at 800 P. M. at
which any taxpayer may appear and
be heard for or against the expendi-
ture of this money for such emer-
gency.
BY order of the Mayor and City
Council of The City of Libby.
PAUL K. CHURCH
City Clerk. ct. NIB.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28
DIST. FEDERAL FINANCE
MEETING IN APRIL

Helena, March 22-Misseula, Bill
lings, Great Falls, and Lewistown
have been named as host cities for
a series of District Federal Finance
Conferences in mid-April, it was
announced today by the sponsors,
the chambers of commerce of those
cities, Montanans, Incorporated, and
the Montana Taxpayers Associa-
ton. Butte is also listed as a host
city.
Persons interested, living in COM
munities within the radius of the
host cities are urged to attend the
conferences, at which outstanding
state and national leaders will dis
cuss live Federal issues. Subjects
to be considered include control of
the national debt, balance of the
Federal budget, rehabilitation
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28
ROYAL NEIGHBOR SEWING
CIRCLE MET WEDNESDAY,

Last Wednesday evening the Roy
al Neighbor Sewing Circle met at
NeighbOr Thorn's home. Plans for
entertaining our husbands to a din
ner were discussed. Various COM
mittees were appointed for this pur-
pose.
After the business meeting very
enjoyable entertainment was given
by Neighbors Reasley, Lamori and
Wilson. Much fun was had at the
Fish Pond"
Afterwards a delightful pot-Iuck
lunch was served. The next meet
ing will be held April at the home
of Neighbor West.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28
DOCTORS TO RECEIVE
AWARDS APRIL 4

The Congress of the United States
bv Public Law ll2-79th Congress,
approved by the President on July
2, l945, has authorized an award OF
merit to the uncompensated person
mel of the Selective Service System
who have faithfully served more
than two years. 1t is also provided
that those who did not complete two
years of uncompenSated service with
the Selective Service System and
who entered on active duty with
the armed forces are eligible to re-
ceive these awards. The awards
are in the form of a certificate and
medal and are given in the name
of the Congress of the United States.
During January of this year
awards were presented to local
board members, government appeal
agents and members of the State
Board of Appeal who had served
two years up to and including Aug
81, 1945.
Plans are now being formula
ted to hold a meeting in Helena
on Thursday, April 4, 1916, at which
time Governor Ford will present
these awards to examining physi-
clans, dentists, members of Medical
Advisory Boards and unemployment
committeeman who have served two
or more years up TO November 30,
1945. They need not be serving at
this time.
Those eligible to receive these a
wards from Lincoln county to whom
invitations have been extended are
DR.. Charles A. Martin, DR., V. A.
Hapnioar1
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28
BIG FOUR" MEETS AGAIN

The spring vacation of the State
University at Missoula, brought to-
gether once again the big Four"
The big four, D. Adams, j. Rob
erts, H. Newman and B. Baker had
an evening of reminiscing old times.
The coming of Mr.. Adams from Mis-
soula was necessary to fill the quota
of the big Four"
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

a full College Course tor yoO
WITH EXPENSES PAID

Here important news for young
men 10 and over az with par
ents' consent). Under the CT
Bill of Rights, if you enlist in the
U. S. Army before October g,
1916, for 3 years, upon your dis
charge you will be entitled to 48
months of college, trade or bust
ness school education. Tuition
up to $500 per ordinary school
year will be paid. And you will
receive sos monthly living at
lowance-$90 if you are mar
ried. Get the facts at your
nearest U. S. Army Recruiting
Station.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

Dorothy Thompson has recently
stated we are now in a modern
Dark Ages" period. She lays the
blame largely to the fact America
has lost its faith, at least to a great
extent. She maintains the American
people and their representatives in
national and international affairs
have lost much of the Christian
faith which was responsible for the
founding of our country. In addition
to our loss of Christian faith, is
added a lessening in our zeal for
the freedom Of and faith in man
kind
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

you where you want to 60 or where
you want to work"
People who criticized the govern
meut IN Russia would be shot, he
said.
Too bad some of our ardent be-
levers in the great advantages OF
the communiStic state couldn't see
the light as Gouzenko has done.
It sounds too good to be true. Joe
Stain, the Soviet dictator, says in
an authorized Associated Press in
terview he is convinced that neither
the nations of the world nor their
armies are seeking another war.
He further affirms his conviction
in the United Nations Organiza-
ton as a serious instrument" for
preserving world peace. Further
along in the interview Stain spoke
vigorously against war-mongers and
those stirring up discord and sus-
picion among nations.
The question at once presents
itself: Is he sincere? Does he mean
what his words imply? Or is he
speaking with tongue in cheek?
Time alone will tell.
Acts speak louder than words.
Mondays newspapers reported that
Red army troops were pulling out
of troubled spots in Iran. Check
up round one for the United Nat
ions Organization. Let's watch
carefully how round two develops.
Says Doherty in his Missoula
County Times:
Dear Folks:
Parents never cease wondering at
the mixture of traits in their young
sters-good and bad, generous and
lazy and energetic. One
never knows what to expect. There
are traits that smack of the father;
traits that smack of the mother:
traits that smack of angels; traits
that smack of 7imps. No one can
say which trait will be evident at
a given time.
1t is not uncommon for the mother
to declare that the youngster takes
after the father-on occasions that
are not too complimentary. Dad
takes a good look at
one of the "bratS" and is sure that
the wiles of the mother are evil
dent
Most parents reason that an adult
mind should be superior to that of
a youngster; that the father and !
mother should be able to foresee the !
possible reaction under a given |
condition. However, experience !
ends to prove that reason is not |
always dependable; that a mothers
instinct may prove the better
Children are a queer lot. They |
IRE unknown quantities. They can
De a great comfort and a great sor-
'ow all in the space of about half |
/ minute However, in the final
'eckoning they clear the hurdles
md establish themselves as another
generation of fine American citi-
ems of the greatest nation on the
ace of the globe
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

From w Day to the end Of 1915,
traffic deaths rose SO per cent over
1914 the National Safety Council
reports.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

Total time lost by American work
ers because of accidents on and
off the job last year amounted to
4l5,OOOOOO man-days, equivalent to
shutdown of plants with nearly
,f1 100000 workers.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

the Federal government, modifica-
ton of Social Security, Federal aids,
the housing shortage, subsidies and
price controls, and equality Of taxa
ton. Other questions which may
have assumed Importance by the
time the conferences will be dis
cuSsed.
Plans for the conferences will be
announced by the host cities. Dates
set are, Missoula, April IS, Butte,
April l6, Great Falls, April II,
Lewistown, April Is and Billings,
April 10. Two sessions per day
are planned, one at 2 PM, the other
a dinner meeting at $50 PM.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1946-03-28

All p o sible encouragement
should be given to our local flying
club and the development in which
il is pioneering.