Evening star., 1946-10-19

commerce on the Danube on terms
of equality to all states.
l hope that when the Foreign Min
listers meet we can agree upon the
adoption of this recommendation
In recent weeks much has been
said about acrimonious debates and
the division in the Paris Conference.
Back of those debates and divisions
were real and deep differences in
interest, in ideas, in experience, and
even in prejudices.
Those differences cannot be dis
PEELED or reconciled by a mere gloss
of polite words. And in a demo-
cratic world those differences can
not and should not be kept from the
peoples concerned.
No Perfect Machinery.
In democratic world, statesmen
must share with the people their
trials as well as their triumphs.
It is better that the world should
witness and learn to appraise clashes
of ideas rather than clashes Of arms.
If this peace is to be lasting, it
must be peoples peace.
The peoples of this world who
long for peace will not be able to
make their influence felt If they do
not know the conflict in ideas and
in interest that give rise to war, and
if they do not know how the states
men and the peoples Of other coun-
tries view those conflicts.
| But 1t is our hope that in inter-
national democracy, as in national
democracy, experience will prove
that appeals to reason and good
faith which unite people count for
more in the long run than appeals
to prejudice and passion whick
divide people.
In a world where no sovereign
state can be compelled to sign or
ratify peace treaty, there is no
perfect acemaking machinery.
Where boundaries, colonies and rep
arations are involved, a peace treaty
cannot be made effective unless it
is satisfactory to the principal pow
ers.
Under these circumstances the
Paris Conference provided as ade-
quate an opportunity for the smaller
states and ex-enemy states to ex-
press their views on the proposed
treaties as it was practical to pro-
vide.
Disturbed by Tension.
The thing which disturbs me is
not the lettered provisions of the
treaties under discussion, but the
continued if not increasing ten
sion between US and the Soviet
Union.
The day I took once as Secre-
tary of State I stated that 1.-The
supreme task of craftsmanship the
world over is to help them (the
people of this war-ravaged earth)
to understand that they can have
peace and freedom only if they
tolerate and respect the rights of
others to opinions, feelings and
ways Of life which they do not and
cannot share"
/ It is as true now as it was then
that the development of sympa
thetic understanding between the
Soviet Union and the United States
is the paramount task of states
manShip.
Such understanding is necessary
to make the United Nations q true
community of nations.
From the Potsdam Conference,
which took place at the beginning
of his administration, President
Truman and I have worked and
We shall continue to work to bring
about an understanding with the
Soviet government.
Two states can quickly reach an
understanding II one is willing to
yield to all demands. The United
States is unwilling to do that. 1t Is
unwilling to ask it of another state.
Every understanding requires the
reconciliation Of differences and not
a yielding by one state to the arbi-
trary will of the other.
Until we are able to work out
definite and agreed standards OF
conduct such as those which govern
decisions within the competence of
the International Court Of Justice,
and such as those which we hope
may be agreed upon for the control
of atomic energy, international
problems between sovereign states
must be worked out by agreement
between sovereign states.
! Must Cooperate for Order.
! But If states are to reach such
agreements they must act in good
faith and in the spirit of concilia-
ton. They must not launch false
and misleading propaganda against
one another.
They must not arbitrarily exercise
their power of veto, preventing a
return to conditions of peace and
delaying economic reconstruction.
No state should assume that it
has a monopoly of virtue or Of wis
DOM No state should ignore or veto
the aggregate sentiments Of man.
kind.
States must not unilaterially by
threats, by pressures or by force
disturb the established rights of
other nations. Nor can they arbi-
trarily resist or refuse to consider
changes in the relationships be-
tween states and peoples which
justice, fair play and the enlight-
ened sentiments of mankind
demand.
We must cooperate to build a
world order. not to sanctify the
status quo, but to preserve peace
and freedom based upon justice.
And we must be willing to CO.
operate with one another-veto or
no veto-to defend, with force If
necessary the principles and pur-
poses of the Charter Of the United
Nations.
Those are the policies we have
pursued. In following those policies
we have been criticized at times
for being too soft" and at times
for being too tough" I dislike
both words. Neither accurately de-
scribes our earnest efforts to be
patient but firm.
We have been criticized for being
too eager to find new approaches
after successive rebukes in our ef-
l forts tn effectUate those policies