davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02

place orders for giant new craft
and to fill the time-gap' with recon-
verified surplus military transports.
Figures for the first nine months
and prorated estimates for the last
quarter by the Air Transport Asso-
citation of America showed % do
mestic airlines had set the following
new records in 1945:
Revenue miles-22 800 ,538, an in
crease of 54.5 per cent over 1914.
Revenue passenger miles, $751;
500. Az, 58.3 per cent increase,
Revenue passengers-6,730,561, a
All per cent increase.
Ton miles Of mail-73,7 IT'S, 1892, a
44.23 per cent increase.
Ton miles OF express and freight
IS SOL ,208, 45.2 per cent gain.
Domestic Routes Expand.
Domestic air routes reached Sc ,97l
miles. a gain of 4,034, and the Civil
Aeronautics Board reported $50 APP
plications before it, so of them for
pickup service and II for helicopter
Fares dropped during the year to
an average of Az cents a mile, and
effective January express rates
will be cut Is per cent.
Revenues for 1916 were expected
to be double those of 1945, and triple
1914. And volume of domestic traf-
fic was forecast by Standard g. Poor
Corp. at four or five times present
figures in FEW years.
An air transport association sur
vey showed airlines were expected
in the early postwar years to spend
$3.50, 100000 on new planes and
equipment. Huge expansion of
capitalization is being considered.
Pan American has sold new stock !;
Transcontinental and Western Air
recently borrowed $l,700, 900 on a
chattel mortgage for reconditioning
war surplus planes; Pennsylvania
Central marketed 310,000,000 con.
vertible 3ta per cent debentures
becoming the first airline to enter
that financial field, long a favorite
Of the railroads.
New Planes TO Compete.
With this financing the airline.
expect to replace present equipment
with new huge. speedy airliners. b.
carrying double the amount O.
passengers greater nonstop dis.
tances at speeds around 100 mile.
an hour faster than at present, the
airlines hope to reduce rates t.
compete with railroads and steam.
ships.
The year eded with fight raging
along the international air lanes.
The Civil Aeronautics Board di.
vided the North Atlantic into thres
zones, giving American oversee.
airlines the northern. Pan Ameri.
can the central and TWA the south.
ern route. Still to be decided ar.
the Latin American routes, thu
South Atlantic and the Northern
and Southern Pacific.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02
AirIines Set Records,
Plane Makers Take
Sharp Cutbacks
BY SAM DAWSON.


NEW YORK, Jan. 2.-The avia-
ton industry produced mass Of
contradictions in 1945.
Air transport companies scared to
new records in mileage, passengers,
freight and revenues and foresaw
bigger and better tomorrow.
Aircraft manufacturers saw their
industry contract from the worlds
largest to the 18th in the United
States, but hoped that the end of
1915 found them at the bottom of
the curve.
Production of aircraft reached its
wartime peak of Gilt planes a
month in March, 1914, had already
dropped to less than 5000 a month
by VI day. and then during re-
conversion ground almost to a stop.
Employment in aircraft industries,
the United States Department of
Labor reported, was 1883, 900 the
first of this year, compared to the
peak of 2,080,000 in January, 1914
Within month after vi day TOO
600 were laid off The Aircraft In
dustries' Association of America re-
ported year-end employment at
10000 but thought it might creep
up to 100000 by the end of 1916.
Contracts Cut in August.
At the start of 1945 the industry
was turning out $500 planes a
month and had orders totalling SIG
900 100000 On August IA. con-
tracts for 81 900 planes at 5000, 000.-
900 we're cancelled. Production for
l945 will approximate $1,000 mill
tary craft at s8,320,00O, 900.
The association estimated $780,
600, 900 would be spent in 1916 for
military planes, largely expert
mental; $100,000,000 for commercial
craft; and 100000, 900 for personal
planes, and the industry expected
to fill 10000 in 1916.
With the airlines the story was
the reverse-demand exceeded sup
ply. Starting the year with too few
planes and hamstrung by priorities,
the transport companies saw priori-
ties abandoned in October, We'd to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02
Steel Industry Faces
Busy Year, but Costs
Threaten Profits
.y the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Jan. Future de-
mand for steel may push production
ahead OF the peacetin1e record estab-
lished in 1929. according to Walter
8. Tower, president of the American
Iron and Steel Institute.
ut seems improbable that in the
immediate future civilian demand
will cause steel production to exceed
the all-time record of close to 3d.
100000 tons which was made In
1914, but it may very well exceed
the previous peacetime peak of 63,-
206, 600 net tons made in 1929 he
said. steel is still the cheapest,
most abundant and most versatile
of all metals. It's applications are
wider than ever"
Mr.. Tower said steel capacity was
now close to $4,000 900 tons a year.
Production of ingots and steel for
castings in 1945 was between 79.000,-
900 and 100000 net tons-a de-
cline of about 100000 or II per
cent from the record of 89,641,600 in
1914.
The steel industry will be an i'm
portant factor in helping to put re-
turning ex-servicemen to work." he
added. over 40 per cent Of all fac
tory workers in the Nation earn their
living by making steel into useful
products.
1.-The products of the steel indus
try must play a significant part in
helping to end the Nations housing
shortage and to provide the con-
sumner goods which are so greatly
desired
Average 1945 employment In pro-
duction and sale of products was
548. 900 persons against ST. 400 In
1914; total payrolls were around ST.
631 ,O00, 600 compared with $1,745,-
019, TOO in 1874: mills operated at an
average of about 1873 per cent of
capacity through 1945 against 95.5
+ in 1914.
Mr.. Tower said the "unfavorable
relationship of the steel industry's
income and earnings as compared to
its costs has been disturbing the in
dustry."
Wages and costs of materials
have risen sharply in recent years"
he added. Meanwhile, ceiling prices
for steel products are generally less
than the schedules of steel prices
in 1887"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02
Stock Prices Boosted
To 15-Year Peaks
By Idle Funds
BY VICTOR EUBANK,

-
NEW YORK, Jan. 2.-The big bull
stock market, third longest on rec
ord, roared through 1945 to estab-
lish string of new 15-year average
highs in the final months.
The list began its recovery from
the war lows in 1912 and, despite
frequent Interruptions caused by
technical and other factors, the di-
rection generally has been upward
ever since with volume and strength
accentuated in the year just closed.
Reasons for the upsurge were
imitation psychology, predlcated
mainly on the fact that liquid assets
of the Nation in 1945 reached an his
torical aggregate; that there was
more idle money than stocks or con-
sumner goods, together with excep-
tionally low interest rates, probably
furnished the principal prop.
Market on Cash Basis.
The boosting of margins by the
Federal Reserve Board during the
year, with issues selling under $40
eliminated from the borrowing COL
umn entirely, made for a virtually
cash market. The result was that
stocks were bought and taken out of
brokerage Offices. This brought the
"thinnest" condition in the memory
, of the financial sector. Jumps of 81
to IS on single sales eventuated and
fluctuations of $40 to $50 on the day
became commonplace.
At the same time one analyst
sized up the situation thusly: we
liquidated 80 per cent of the errors
of 1929" He meant that, in the EZRA
Of wonderful nonsense" of 1929, the
!, brokers loans barometer hit high
of $3.50 1888 ,979, most of which was
used in the purchasing of stocks on
margin. On April l. last year the
total fell to low of 1881 ,s17,17O, of
which stable proportion was for
the acquisition of War Bonds. The
figure mounted in the later part of
the year as the Victory Loan drive
broadened.
Reached Low in January.
11C Ald1 hOt ICOOlo Oo ITO Va
1945 late in January as the ending
of the European conflict was fore
Swallowed and reconversion doubts
touched off selling.
The death of President Roosevelt
In April failed to unsettle prices and
a sharp rise quickly got under way
when the new administration took
over, on the idea that business and
industry might get better break
Talk of Washington taking steps to
stem speculation was blamed for
some subsequent relapses.
Collapse of Germany saw consid-
cradle liquidation due to the feeling
that the Forthcoming corporate
transition period might depress
earnings appreciably
The retreat was brief. There was
another drop in July as the Japa-
nese wobbled. Again trends soon
negotiated a comeback when Russia
entered the war. Reception of the
Nipponese surrender ON August IA
was comparatively steady.
Rise Speeded in Last Quarter.
The advance really got going in
Nhe last quarter with heavy specula-
ton in low-quoted utilities dominat-
ing theAicker tape and putting many
daily turnovers well above the q
inillion-share total. Later steels,
motors, rails, liquors, mail orders
rubbers, coppers, aircrafts and spe-
cialties attracted strong demand al
though gathering strikes and price
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02

Financial Bulls" and Bears"
cannot affect the value Of your
Victory Loan Bonds. Uncle Sam
guarantees you an excellent profit
on Victory Bonds that are held to
maturity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-01-02
IBM ANNOUNCES

the 1916 Electromatic Typewriter,
which produces letters Of dlstln-
guished appearance, with minimum
Of physical effort on the part of
the operator.
1t is now on display in 1BM
offices in all principal cities
throughout the country. We will
be glad to furnish you with full
information upon request.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Evening star., 1946-09-25
Newsprint Shortage
through Spring forecast
From Yesterdays Last Edition.
BY the Assoeiofsd Press

nj
BY the Associoied Press
The Commerce Department said
today that the pulp and paper sup
ply is not expected to improve until
the spring of 1947, despite a rise in
domestic production in August.
Many major newspapers could use
at least Is per cent more newsprint
than is currently available and many
converters and distributors could
use up to so per cent more supplies
the department reported.
Inventories of most grades OF
paper are negligible, the depart
ment said, adding there is little
chance of users building up stocks
Of European pulp before the ship
ping season closes.
Imports from Finland are ex-
pected to average around 10000 tons
a month during the next six
months" the department estimated
No material change is expected ir
imports of Swedish pulp, which
amounted to about $4,000 tons ir
the 10 weeks ending September 5
Small quantities may be received
from Norway"
Evening star., 1946-09-25
IWAA Salesman Arrested
| On Chorqe of Tokino Bribe

ST. LOUIS, Sept. Is lP,.-The
Federal Bureau Of Investigation an.
nounced last night the arrest of q
$4,400-ayear employe of the re.
gional War Assets Administration
here ~on a charge Of accepting 9
5000 bribe for the purpose of OBJ
tanning influence in the procure.
ment of $4,000 worth of scarce elec-
trical equipment.
Herbert Moss, acting head of the
st. Louis FBI Office, said agents TOOK
in custody Ernest Adolphus Gunkel
At. salesman for the WAA here
after he accepted 5000 in marked
bills from Malcolm C. Hulvard
partner in an electrical appliance
jobbing firm in Atlanta, Ga.
Mr.. Moss said trap was set after
Mr.. Hillvard, 24year-old veteran
complained to the FBI at Atlanta
that he made an unsuccessful trir
to st. Louis in August to obtain some
scarce electrical copper wire ane
conductors and later was visited ir
Atlanta by Gunkel, who was alleged
to have said that for 5000 thing.
could be arranged"
Evening star., 1946-09-25

! broke in to observe that for twt
days I've been in q temple of con.
| fusion"
After Mr. Kaiser and his attorneys
had listed in detail the net income
of MIR. Kaiser from each concern
and offset it against the losses or
the steel plant, Mr.. Mcconnell again
observed, with smile:
We start out with very large
figures, but when we get through
I don't know whether you're a plus
or a minus quantity"
Another flareup occurred when
Representative Bradley. Republican
of Michigan read a recent letter
from Representative Woodruff, Re-
publican, of Michigan complaining
about the amount of war work given
to New Deal sacred cows"
I'm sure you don't mean me,
Mr.. Kaiser broke in.
The committee is seeking to as
certain the reasonableness of prices
paid by the Government for ships
that were built by 19 companies that
were given contracts to manage
yards built wholly. or almost en-
tirely, by the Government.
Mr.. Kaiser and his son are the
first to be called, and indications
are it will take the committee a
long time to complete its inquiry
In addition to the 19 companies to
be heard, the committee plans to
call in Maritime Commission off,
cials.
Evening star., 1946-09-25
New York Union 10 Stop
Trucks From New Jersey
BY the Assoeiotsd Press

NEW YORK, Sept. 25.-Officials ol
the International Brotherhood ol
Teamsters said today they woule
begin stopping thousands of trucks
bringing freight from New Jersey
into New York untir the trucking
firms sign bona fide" union con-
tracts.
John E. Strong, president of Loca
807 of the teamsters, said he and rep
resentatives OF five New Jersey locals
of the union agreed to stop move
ment of the trucks to strengthen the
position of the union, which is still
in dispute with two large trucking
associations.
Mr. Strong explained the actor
was taken to force firms which signed
if contracts to agree permanently
to terms of the 'Bohack plan" which
resulted in a partial settlement Of
the New York truck strike last week
Firms signing ''if" contracts agreed
to abide by the terms of any gen.
eral settlement.
The Bohack plan provided 81 4(
weekly wage increase for drivers
bringing pay to $71.40 and a reduc-
ton in the work week from A tc
40 hours.
Evening star., 1946-09-25
Newspaper Freight
Rate Increase FOUGHT
BY the Assoeioted Press

Is a bundle of newspaper freight
The American Newspaper Pub
fishers Association says no, and has
asked the Interstate Commerce
Commission to rule so in consider
ing request from the 80 ma jo,
railroads for permission to increase
freight charges.
r. A. Cooke of New York. traffic
manager for the ANPA, filed brief
with the commission yesterday
pointing out that the railroads seek
to impose Is per cent freight rate
increase on commodity-newspa
pers and newspaper supplements
shipped in railway baggage cars
that has, since the inception OF
ICC regulation, been subject to in
creases approved for passenger
rates"
1--WE do not aver that newspapers
or newspaper supplements should be
treated as passengers" Mr.. Cooke &
brief said.
But it is not unreasonable to
expect that no greater increase iii
any Is permanently grantedD be
made applicable to newspapers and
newspaper supplements in baggage
car service than that given pas
senger rates.
The commission has found that
newspapers clearly have a public
interest which justifies their trans
portation in baggage cars ir
many instances the determination
of the mileage groupings on which
such rates are predicated is basec
upon the prevailing first -class one.
way adult fare"
The ICC granted the railroads s
temporary advance of 10 per cen
in passenger fares effective las
July l. Those newspaper rate.
predicated on first-class fare au.
tomatically increased 10 per CEN
at the same time.
Evening star., 1946-09-25
Moves
Continued From First Page J

rally in meeting the deadline,
the Associated Press reported)
The Council had recommended
that commissions working on vari-
Gus aspects or treaties for the five
former German satellite states be
instructed at all cost, to finish their
work by October 5. The Big -Four
agreed the commissions should
adopt such time tables and changes
of rules as would permit them to
meet the deadline.
Bidault Would Curb Debate.
The Council agreed to a sugges-
ton oy Georges Bidault, President
and Foreign Minister of the French
provisional government, that among
the necessary rule changes for the
commissions was one which would
permit limiting the length and
number of speeches in debates, if
necessary by invoking the rule of
cloture.
The Council agreed that the pro-
posed deadline of October Is for the
final plenary conference sessions
should be binding as the October
deadline for the commissions, thus
raising the possibility that steps
to choke off unnecessary plenary
discussion also would be necessary.
The four-hour discussion, un-
questionably their most decisive
since this conference opened, also
is reported to have resulted in ten
tative agreement that the Foreign
Ministers will meet In New York to
whip the treaties into final form
while the United Nations General
Assembly is in session. The con-
sensus seemed to be that they will
get down to this job in early No.
vember, having already done some
preliminary work on the treaties
here while the conference Is in its
final stages.
Compromise Hope Abandoned.
Last nights procedural recon-
mendations appear to mean this:
The Big -Four have abandoned
any hope that acceptable compro-
mise solutions to disputed peace
problems will be developed at this
conference.
If such solutions are possible, they
will be found by the Foreign Min
listers when they have their last
try at agreement in November.
Therefore the best move is to get
the conference out OF the way by
simply having it register its vote,
as soon as possible, for the Rus
sian or anti-Russian view on ques-
tions now in dispute among the
Big Four The conference is not
to hold things up while it tries to
resolve these conflicts.
United States Secretary of State
Byrnes, whose reluctance to have
the Foreign Ministers take any ac-
ton which might appear to tell the
conference what it is to- do has
Evening star., 1946-09-25
Parking to Be Borred
In Midtown New York
BY the Assoeioted Press

NEW YORK, Sept. 25-Streets in
midtown Manhattan will be for
moving traffic only. beginning next
Tuesday Mayor William ODwyer
ruled yesterday in move to end
traffic congestion.
The no-parking area is bounded
by Twenty-third and Fifty-ninth
streets and Third and Ninth ave.
nues. After two weeks of grace, the
motorists who parks in the area
will be assessed . SIS fine.
Evening star., 1946-09-25
Prices
Continued From First Page }

record feed crops into meat, rather
than rush livestock to market be-
fore it is ready" He said that while
the result may not be apparent
for months to come, it will mean
more meat than We otherwise
would have"
Mr.. Anderson cautioned against
the attitude that the present farm
policy was "a one-way street, the
only direction being up" Farmers
he added, must be interested in
keeping their prices reasonable so
as to maintain a high level of con-
sumption for agriculture's expand
ing production.
He also warned farmers that
these war years have made con-
sumers price conscious to a surpris-
ing degree"
Meanwhile, OPA conceded that
prices for margarine, shortening and
salad and cooking oils will have to
be raised at least 2 cents for con-
sumner packages. This will be the
result of ruling of Sterilization
Director Steelman that higher
prices are justified for oil ingre-
dents.
Mr.. Steelman was called in to
arbitrate dispute between OPA and
the Agriculture Department and
ruled in favor Of the department.
Evening star., 1946-09-25
ShipbuiIding
Continued From First Page

resentative argued profits ordinarily
are figured as a percentage made
on capital invested.
Mr.. Kaiser repeated his claim that
he was able to build Liberty ships
for the Government at a saving OF
$3.50, 900 900, and argued that When
a man saves me $3.50, 900 900, don't
care if he has dollar invested"
After committee members had
questioned the heavy-set, good ma
tured industrialist all day yester-
day about the separate earnings OF
the various companies he was asso-
ciated with during the war, his
testimony boiled down to the con-
tention that a potential profit OF
about $5,000,000 from shipbuildine
is offset by loss of $4,000 ,0OC
from the Fontana steel plant he
built in the West.
Mr.. Kaiser contended that the
Fontana steel plant built by his
group will have to compete in the
postwar period with a 5000 900 ,00(
plant, which, he said, the Govern
ment sold to the United States
Steel Co. for $4,000, 900.
Loses on Magnesium Plant.
He said his group also has 9
magnesium plant it built during thu
war, which is losing $4,000 q
month, but which has great pos
sibilities" for the future.
Seeking to sum up the picture
Representative Herter, Republican
Of Massachusetts, asked Mr.. Kaiser
how he and his family felt they
came out of the war.
Mr.. Kaiser said that could not b<
determined until he finds out how
much loss will have to be taken or
contracts still to be renegotiated, OF
outstanding claims and the future
operations of the steel and mag
nesium plants.
Yesterdays session was marked by
alternating periods of sharp reparte'
and good banter, as Repub
lican committee members showeret
Mr.. Kaiser and his son, Edgar F
Kaiser, with questions about tn,
separate makeup Of all the com
panies in which they had any in
terest.
At one point Representative Nc
connell, Republican. Of Pennsylvania
Evening star., 1946-09-25

had found at Christmas time a gift
of two bottles Of whisky.
1T was darn good whisky, and !
took 1t home" he said. Il don t
know where it came from"
Committee members and counsel
Joined yesterday in expressing
amazement at the failure of the
auditing sections Of the surplus
agencies to make regular checks on
what materials the industry agents
had been given for sale, what they
had sold, and what they had left
in their warehouses.
After Mr.. Foss had told the COM
mittee that he had found Army and
Navy declarations of surplus to be
about so per cent correct, and that
audits were made only at very
great intervals" Representative
Risley, Republican, of Oklahoma,
declared what was done was just a
sloppy job anyone would expect in
the sale Of Government property,
when no one in the Government
knew just who was selling what"
Mr.. Foss said he had had no way
Of finding out what the agents had
in stock and that If this informa-
ton had been available, Eve could
have taken care of veterans, who
had applied for surplus materials" "
Slaughter Puts Question.
This inspired Committee Chair
man Slaughter to ask, What was
to keep the industry agents from
selling what they wanted and let
ting it go at that?"
That" said Mr.. Foss, lis a ques-
ton I would like to ask you"
Mr.. Slaughter continued: You
mean there was no itemization at
'all?" The witness replied that the
only check he had was the routine
reports from the industry agents
that they had sold this and that
for so much.
One of the basic defenses of all
Government surplus property Of
f1cials was sounded by Mr.. Foss
when he declared the Army Signal
Corps alone had engaged $4,000
men in cataloguing and finding of
needed equipment, whereas the
Government surplus disposal
agencies had assigned this task to
so men.
Evening star., 1946-09-25

been noted often. had little to say
at yesterdays meeting He was un-
derstood. however, to be in accord
with his. colleagues as to the sug-
ReSted procedure.
Evening star., 1946-09-25

have reacted violently heretofore to
any suggestion that debate be lin
tied, but Soviet Foreign Minister
Molotov a ooroad IN II loSt y,{obt