davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-30
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

veto on that procedure of the Council
This attempted veto did not stand up
The Council went ahead and heard Am
baSSador HuSSein Ala of Iran give his
reasons against postponement of the
case against Russia, and some of the
arguments of Iran in support of that
country's complaint against Russia.
The Council was left, however, con-
fronted with a one-sided hearing. since
Russia declined to participate further
in the discussions. In order to get
around this situation, the Council de-
&ded to appeal directly to the Moscow
government for full information regard
ing the reports that Russian troops were
being withdrawn from Iran as a result
of some understanding or agreement
between the two countries. how that
understanding or agreement had been
reached, and whether pressure Of armed
forces had been applied by Russia to
obtain concessions from Iran
Obviously, Russia or any other of the
member nations is in position to de-
cline to present its side of any dispute,
although this is contrary to the pledges
made by all nations when they joined
the United Nations and accepted the
Charter. The Council must rely on the
force of world opinion to make any ma
ton, including Russia, understand that
1t should present its arguments in any
dispute threatening international peace.
when called before the bar
The row in the Council between Rus
sla and her supporter, Poland, and the
other members of the Council was heard
in public, and fully transmitted to the
world. Suggestions have been made that
such publicity was inimical to settlement
of controversies among the nations; that
publicity, in effect, was proving a him
drance to peaceful adjustments. How
ever, if the force Of world opinion is to
be vital and a strength to the United
Nations Organization, the fullest pub
licity of all the facts and arguments
must be had
Just as obviously, if discussions OF
disputes should be held behind closed
doors, the world would not be fully in
formed The cure of private hearings
might well be worse than the temporary
setback due to the publicity of acri-
monious debate.
The Council is on the right track in
giving full publicity to its deliberations.
Evening star., 1946-03-30

NEW YORK, Mar. 30.-The need of a
definite set of rules to govern procedure
in the meetings of the Security Council
of the United Nations is becoming more
evident each day. Lack of rules, while
not responsible for the impasse which
arose in the Council, resulting in the
Walkout of Soviet RusSia's representa-
tive, Ambassador Andrei A Gromyko,
in the Iranlan case, contributed largely
to the confusion, to long debates over
procedure and to the unhappy situation
which arose.
A committee of experts has been hard
at work on proposed rules, which are
to govern in the future-rules which
when submitted by the committee must
be adopted by the Council itself to be-
come effective. Representa- tives of all
the II members of the Council, includ-
ing Russia, compose the committee of
experts.
Impressed with the desirability of a
set of rules to govern debates and pro-
cedure in the Council itself, the COM
mlttee is Fastening to complete its re-
port, which may be ready to be laid be-
fore the Council within few days.
For deliberate-as we'll as executive
body such as the Security Council to
begin work on important issues without
set Of rules for procedure is like
putting the cart before the horse Yet
this is just what the Security Council
was pitch-forked into doing
Take one problem, for example-that
Of the veto which may be exercised by
any one Of the five permanent members
of the Council. Under the terms of the
Charter, the veto power runs on every
substantive question-but not on pro-
cedural matters. The right of the
Council to hear and discuss any dispute
between nations which holds a threat
to international peace is set forth in
the Charter, with no veto applicable.
Russia opposed the limitation of the
veto power in this regard at San Fran
cisco when the Charter was being draft
ed but finally agreed.
Had this provision not been placed
in the Charter, it is obvious that the
veto could have been used by Mr..
Gromyko to prevent the consideration
of the Iranian dispute. His threat to
walk out of the Council meeting-which
he eventually carried out-if post
ponement were not granted until April
10 was really an attempt to exercise
Evening star., 1946-03-30
This Changing World
BY Constantine. Bro1yn

Well-informed quarters in Washing
ton Speculated today that signal from
an agent on the sidewalk of the Fifth
avenue building in New York where
the Security Council was meeting in
secret session Thursday was the cause
for Ambassador Andrei Gromykos re-
fusal to alight from his car to join
his colleagues.
The Russian delegate is not free
agent and must follow the instructions
of his government more literally than
the representatives of democratic coun-
tries. He had been ordered by Moscow
to refuse to discuss the Iranian ques-
tion in any shape or form until April
10. or until other formal orders we're
given him. At the same time, ne is
reported to have been instructed to
cooperate with the Council ON any
other matters not pertaining to the
Iranian problem.
The note inviting Mr.. Gromyko to
the Council meeting contained only the
information that questions of procedure
would be taken up. Under these con-
ditions he thought he should be pres
ent at the secret session. A call to
the UNO Secretary General, Trygve
Lie, left him in suspense, however. Mr..
Lie could not say whether the Iran
question was to be taken up again or
not
In order to play safe. the Soviet Am
bassador decided to use a signal ar
rangement which would keep him out
of trouble. He is said to have asked
the Polish Ambassador to let him know
whether Iran was going to be discussed
at the meeting.
The Polish Ambassador, DR.. Oscar
Lange, is brilliant diplomat Before
taking his present post last September,
he was an American citizen and was
professor of political science at the
University of Chicago. AS a citizen Of
the United States he went to Moscow
in the spring of 1914 to see Prime Min
lister Stain. He made such a favorable
impression on the Russian Prime Min
lister that after the recognition of the
Polish government by the Big Three
Stain insisted that he be made Poland's
Ambassador to the United States.
Although Mr. Gromyko had not made
up his mind definitely to attend the
Council meeting, he allowed his press
attache, Victory Ulanchov, to tell the
press that the Soviet representative
would attend the conference. In the
meantime, Mr.. Gromyko summoned DR..
Lange to his headquarters, where ap-
parently the signal to keep the Soviet
Ambassador out of trouble was ar
ranged.
Five minutes before the secret ses-
sion was scheduled, Mr.. Gromyko left
Evening star., 1946-03-30

This is not moment for sitting in
Judgment 1t is rather moment for
the careful and constructive appraisal
of the facts, insofar as facts are avail
able 1t is easy enough to say that the
Russians by walking out of the Security
Council meeting on Wednesday alter
noon have put themselves hopelessly In
the wrong before the court of American
and world public opinion. But as I sat
there and watched Mr.. Gromyko and
his aids pass behind the long semicircle
of their colleagues toward the exit I could
not help recalling the various crises that
arose during the Charter meeting in San
Francisco and the occasions on which
wise men and experienced men had
assured me that there is just no getting
on with the Russians"
That is still the issue.
Can the Western World devise a
means, a workable and reliable means,
of getting on with the Russians
working with them on terms which every
one understands and adheres to, in the
building of just and durable peace?
Despite the various crises at San
Francisco, we did get Charter, which
the Russians signed and ratified. The
problem now is to make that Charter
work, and to make it work the parties
to it must be in substantial agreement
as to what it means and how it is to be
operated.
X
The fundamental difference of ap-
proach has its origin very largely in
the fact that, as regards the United
States, the British Commonwealth and
other Western nations, their represent
tatives are guided and constrained by
public opinion which regards the
United Nations as living force, as
having substance in itself, while the
Russian attitude is that the United
Nations is merely an instrumentality
by which the great powers-the Big
Three in particular-niay carry out de-
cisions already agreed upon between
them. The Russians here referred to
are not, of course, the Russian people,
but the small group of men who control
their destinies for them and who are
not under the necessity of bearing in
mind, from day to day. the restraints of
free and vigilant public opinion.
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Threatened Power Strike

AS this is being written, Federal
conciliatorS in Richmond are max
ing laSt-minute efforts to avert a
threatened strike tomorrow night
OF electrical workers in Virginia,
West Virginia and North Carolina.
The implications of such a strike
IN its effect on the public interest
are SO grave and so far-reaching
that 1t is hard to believe that re-
sponsible men would let it happen.
The threat arises from a stale
mate so far in discussions between
the international Brotherhood of
Electrical Workers of the AFL and
the Virginia Electric and Power Com
pany as to the extent of retroactive
benefits of negotiated pay raise.
Regardless of the merits on either
side, there are no circumstances
which would justify the Statewide
paralyzing blow which a shutdown
of electrical power in three States
would entail Governor Tucks an
nounced "astonishment" that the
rank and file of good citizens hold
ing membership in the union have
not publicly repudiated the "ulti-
matum" issued by their leadership
is shared by many persons in and
out of the State.
There are growing indications,
however, that the Governors action
in declaring a state of emergency
and drafting" the electrical work.
ers into the State militia, under
threat of court-martial if they refuse
to stay on the job, was ill-timed.
The Governors proclamation was
announced while Federal concilia-
tors appeared to be making progress
in bringing the union and the COM
pany closer together. Both sides
had agreed to meet with Lucien
Rye of the Department of Labor
Cancellation Service in a conference
this morning to consider an arbitra-
tion proposal drawn up by Mr.. Rye.
Governor Tuck's proclamation, with
the subsequent invoking of an OBJ
scure State Guard mobilization law
making all males between the ages
of 16 and SIS liable to service in an
emergency, did not help the nego-
tiations. Drastic measures are JUS
titled when all hope of agreement is
gone, but the wisdom of instituting
them when Government mediators
are still hopeful of settling the dis
pute by arbitration is open to
question.
What is beyond question, how
ever, is the Governors contention
that the Vepco employees owe first
allegiance to the Commonwealth in
a crisis of this nature and that ANY
obligations to unions or other Or
ganizations should be Subordinated
when found to be in conflict with
the public interest" That is sound
doctrine-especially applicable in
the present case, involving as it does
a dire threat to the health and well
fare of the citizens of three States.
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Britain and the UNO
From the Christian Science Monitor.

The question of commonwealth unity
and defense is by no means the only
one determining British attitudes to-
ward UNO. These are as profoundly
rooted in idealsm and a desire for
peace as are the attitudes of any UNO
member. At this moment, the British
are illustrating this point by taking
positive and constructive attitude to-
ward the trusteeship issue They are
offering to place most of their mandates
under UNO supervision. Mr. Bevin has
spoken of the UNO as "all of us working
together, all peoples in all countries and
continents. 1t is not them; it is us;
every one of us seeking as citizens of
the world peace and security for hui
manity." The basic reasons for British
interest in UNO, and for commonwealth
interest, are shared by us all To under
stand how tangible these reasons are,
how directly they bear on the national
security of every nation, is to build
moral support for UNO which will help
it to outlast its technical imperfections.
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Wilderness

Not to my taste the trim and measured
park
Where shrubs in geometric raiment
stand,
But the fierce zest of Hte's untruoul
hand
That rears the redyoods almost bark to
bark,
That clusters the laurels till the lanes
are dark
Beneath them, and in many a thrustino
band
The brier and mdnsanitu cloak land
Where only the green lord nature leaves
his mark.
There, 1ohen each fertile inch supports
its 1reed
And rootlets clasp each fingers lenqth
beloD.
Not fury nor struggle Is the tale read,
But Joy, abounding joy. whose power
and glolD
Flood every tendril, sprout Nth euery
seed
Most jubilant Where the stalks most
thickly groD.
STANTON A. COBLENTz.
Evening star., 1946-03-30

the Russian consulate, where he had
spent the afternoon, and when asked
by the reporters gathered in that build
ing whether he would attend the meet
ing, he answered emphatically yes"
Mr.. Gromyko's limousine drove slowly
down town until it stopped for a red
light in front of the building where
the other members of the Security
Council had already gathered, waiting
only for the Russian delegate to start
their debates.
The chauffeur of the Ambassadors
car. according to witnesses. went
through the motions of double-parking
then suddenly appeared to change his
mind and drove on south, then turned
west and returned to Ambassador Gro
mykos headquarters
Trained diplomats who are CONVEX
SAINT with Russian political methods
speculate that after DR.. Lange dis
covered that the Iranian question would
be the major topic of conversation at
the secret meeting, he managed to
convey to some one posted on the side
walk outside the building the pre-
arranged signal informing Mr.. Gro
myko to drive on.
After having taken a Commute air.
ing in the streets Of New York, Mr..
Gromyko returned to the Russian con-
sulate, where he closeted himself with
his advisers. refusing to explain why
he had failed attend the Council meet
ing, after saying a half hour earlier
that he would do so.
In spite of the firm attitude of Sec
retary OF State Byrnes, who has the
backing of not only President Truman
and of the country, but also of the
majority of other nations, the Moscow
political leaders refuse to change their
uncompromising attitude They are
firmly entrenched in their belief that
the Western democracies will confine
themselves to talking and "stabbing
the air" and that if Russia has pa
tlence and refuses to yield they will
accept any accomplished fact.
This view is reported being strongly
impressed on the Iranian government
Although Trans representative, HuSsein
keeping with the spirit and letter of
tilC Odll 1diiClSCO SIldi teI, IL Is UueS-
tionable whether he will be backed for
long by his own government.
Premier Ahmed Qavam is hard
pressed by Moscow and, according to
available reports, he has not yet yielded
completely to Russia only because he
hopes that Security Council action
might worry the Soviets into making
few more nominal concessions to Iran.
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Military Brain Trust

The Nation as whole will heartily
indorse President Truman's move in
nominating ten of our key Army and
Navy leaders to retain their top war
time rank at full pay for life. The
nominations cover four generals of
the Army - Marshall, Macarthur,
Eisenhower and Arnold-four ad-
mirals of the fleet-Leahy King,
Nimitz and Halsey-and a full gen.
eral and admiral-Vandegrift of the
Marine Corps and Waesche of the
Coast Guard. These are the men
whose strategical and tactical plan
ming and direct command led our
armed forces to such great victories
that Senate support of the Presi-
dent might be taken for granted in
giving them the honors and rewards
they have earned so we'll and so
fully.
Mr. Truman, moreover, is on sound
ground in designating these COM
manders as a military brain trust
to be organized informally as elder
soldier statesmen whose advice will
be available to him on consultative
basis. Their deep experience in global
warfare, their knowledge of modern
techniques in waging such warfare,
and their special insight into the
tremendous problems raised by rev.
olutionary electronic devices and
atomic power unquestionably will
make their counsel valuable in the
years ahead. With that said, how
ever, it is worth emphasizing that
such an arrangement will be an
extremely loose one and hence only
of incidental or supplemental i'm
portance in shaping our future ma
tional defense policy. In the nature
of things. as the years pass and
younger and fresher minds move to
the top, the influence of men like
Marshall and King is bound to di-
minish, so that although it is good
to have them as a brain trust"
they cannot serve-in a long-term
sense-as substitute for what our
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Walter McCuIIum

Walter McCallum, who died yes
terday, had the good fortune to turn
a hobby into a vocation aNd what
might have been grinding work for
others was a labor of love to him.
AS young man he was a proficient
and promising golfer at time when
the sport, in this country, was iden-
titled chiefly with elderly gentlemen
who followed little white balls
around the courses of exclusive clubs.
He saw the game become one of the
most popular of outdoor sports in
America, with the construction of
public links making 1t possible for
millions of people to play and to
follow with fascination every stroke
Of the current heroes who battled
for the various championships AS
a golf writer for The Star, he was
a contributor to this popularization
of noble sport and he attained
a following, in Washington, that
identified him as spokesman
for golfers everywhere. He made
himself a respected authority on
the game and champion of it's best
interests. His trips abroad as war
correspondent resulted, in part, from
associations with military comman-
ders which began on the golf course
and their insistence, to The Star,
that he 60 with them overseas. He
made friends everywhere by a per-
sonality which communicated, to
others, some of his own zestful
enthusiasm for competitive sports.
He will be missed, here on The Star,
and among many others who knew
him through what he wrote or who
were able to enjoy his good COM
panionship
Evening star., 1946-03-30

and-take on both Sides" plus honest
dealings and a true appreciation of
each other"
Except for acquainting Premier
Stain with American popular un-
easiness at recent Russian actions,
our new Ambassador said he had no
other specific ideas about his new
job. He likewise stated that he
carried no instructions concerning
possible big Three" meeting. This
indicates the intention of our Gov
ernment to do nothing which might
bypass the current session of the
Security Council and thereby dimin-
ish the prestige and authority of
UNO.
Evening star., 1946-03-30
Veto Remains UNO Issue
Bv Georae Fielding Eliot

When Mr.. Byrnes, on that fateful
Wednesday afternoon, said that if
small nation with complaint against
a great one could not even be heard,
"all confidence in the effectiveness of
the Security Council will disappear"
Mr.. Byrnes was speaking against a
solid background of American public
opinion. He could not have taken a
single step backward from that position
and retained the confidence of his fell
low countrymen in the United Nations
Organization. But, when Mr.. Gromyko,
saying that he could not remain because
his proposal had not been accepted by
the Council, rose and left the Council
chambers he was expressing the de-
termination of mis- small group of mas
ters not to be constrained by the public
opinion of the rest of the world any
more than they are presently con-
strained by Russian public opinion.
The immediate issue raised by Mr.
GrOmyko is not the case of Iran. 1t is
rather the determination of his masters
TO have veto not only on action but
on discussion in the Security Council.
The issue before us, then, goes much
deeper than the immediate disposal of
the Iranian dispute. 1t goes to the very
heart of the problem of useful co-opera-
ton between the free peoples of the
Western World and the totalitarian
regime which controls the destinies of
the Russian people. Somehow the Rus
sian leaders must be convinced that they
cannot wholly dictate the terms of that
cooperation and that those among them
who insist on doing so are bringing
about q state of affairs in which the
whole basis for cooperative effort is
endang cred, with Russia alone bearing
the blame for this situation in the eyes
of every other people. For our part,
Americans are certainly willing to be
reasonable TO the uttermost limit of rea-
sonableness, but there is no use dis
guising the fact that there is limit and
that the Russians have reached it when
they attempt to impose, by rule or by
device, veto on free discussion of the
claims of little nation against them
selves.
= tcopyrisht 1946J
Evening star., 1946-03-30
New mission to Moscow

Lieutenant General Walter Bedell
Smiths arrival in Moscow to take up
his duties there as Ambassador OF
the United States to the Soviet
Union comes at most opportune
time!A Nothing could be more i'm
portapt than the resumption of top
diplomatic contact which has been
absent since the departure from
Moscow of former Ambassador Har-
riman. 1t is also satisfactory to note
that General Smith comes to Moscow
in a normal diplomatic capacity and
not as special envoy for emergency
purposes, such as marked the visits
of Harry Hopkins That indicates
the intention of our Government to
employ formal diplomatic procedure
rather than the extraordinary meth
DDS of the war period.
General Smiths record and per-
sonality alike bespeak his qualifi-
cations for the difficult role assigned
him. AS General Eisenhower
righthand man he displayed not
only high military ability but also
the capacity to get on with many
elements in the multi-national Al
lied coalition, including the Russians.
Furthermore, the Russians UNDER
stand and respect the tough, realistic
Soldierly type of mind which
General Smith possesses.
Our new Ambassador gave several
indications OF, the scope and nature
of his instructions in a character
istically frank interview he gave
press representatives during a short
stop at Frankfort 1.-the Main, in
the American-occupied zone of Ger
many. He stated that, at his first
conversation with Premier Stain,
he will advise the Soviet leader that
there is today a, great feeling of
doubt" among the American people
as to what the Russians want and
what the Russian motives are" add
ing: Il want to make clear this
change in the American peoples
attitude" Although deeming the
situation "eased" somewhat by cur
rent developments in Iran, the
General believes that to bring the
two peoples closer together there
has to be "a certain amount of give