davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-01

where he raised the billion-mark
fine as stated elsewhere, but in the
conquered territories as well.
His own utteranees then and in
his testimony show this interest was
primarily econonic-how to get their
property and how to force them out
OF the economic life of Europe.
Extended Anti-Jew Law.
As these countries fell before the
German Army. he extended the
Reich's anti-Jewish laws to them;
the Reichsgesetzblatt for 1889, 1910
and 1941 contains several anti-Jew-
ish decreees signed by Goering.
Although their determination was
in Himmler's hands, Goering was far
from disinterested or inactive de-
spite his protestations in the witness
box. BY decree of 81 July 1941 he
directed Himmler and Heydrich to
bring about complete solution Of
the Jewish question in the German
sphere of influence in Europe"
There is nothing to be said in
mitigation for Goering was
often, indeed almost always, the
moving force, second only to his
leader. He was the leading war ag-
gressor; both as political and as
military leader. he was the director
of the slave labor program and the
creator of the oppressive program
against the Jews and other races at
home and abroad.
All of these crimes he has frankly
admitted. On some specific cases
there may be conflict of testimony
but in terms Of the broad outline,
his own admissions are more than
sufficiently wide to be conclusive of
guilt.
His guilt is unique in its enormity
The record discloses no excuses for
this man.
CONCLUSION.
The tribunal finds the defendant
Goering guilty on all four counts of
of the Indictment.
Evening star., 1946-10-01

to that position by this Judgment.
Other aspects Of the opinion are too
intricate to be appraised without
study Of the text, for which there
has been no time.
II regret that the tribunal has
felt constrained to acquit Schacht
and Won Papen and to decline to
declare the criminality Of the gen.
eral staff.
Arguments Seemed Convincing"
"Our arguments for their con-
viction, which seemed SO conyinc-
ing to all OF us prosecutors, seem
not to have made a similar i'm
preston on the tribunal. The ef-
feet Of these acquittals on the fur
they prosecution of industrialists
and militarists which have been
planned will have to be studied
from the text OF the opinion.
However, I personally regard the
conviction and sentence of indi-
viduals as Of secondary Importance
compared with the significance OF
the commitments by the four ma
tions to the proposition that wars
of aggression are criminal and that
persecution Of conquered minorities
on racial, religious or political
grounds Is likewise criminal.
These principles Of law will In
fluence future events long after the
fate OF particular individuals is
forgotten"
Evening star., 1946-10-01

dence has been offered concerning
his activities in that position impli-
eating him In crimes.
Aim to Undermine Schuschnigg.
The evidence leaves no doubt that
Won Papen's primary purpose as
Minister to Austria was to under
mine the Schuschnigg regime and
strengthen the Austrian Nazis for
the purpose of bringing about an
schluss. To carry through this plan
he engaged in both intrigue and
bullying, but the Charter does not
make criminal such odenses against
political morality, however bad these
may be.
Under the Charter, Won Papen can
be held guilty only If he was party
to the planning Of aggressive war.
There is no showing that he was q
party. to the plans under which the
occupation Of Austria was a step In
the direction of further aggressive
action, or even that he participated
In plans to occupy Austria by ag-
greSSive war II necessary.
But 1t is not established beyond a
reasonable, doubt that this was the
purpose of his activity and therefore
the tribunal cannot hold that he was
q party to the common plan charged
in count one or participated in the
planning of the aggressive wars
charged under count two.
CONCLUSION:
The tribunal finds that Won Papen
Is not guilty under this indictment
and directs that he shall be dis
charged by the marshal when the
tribunal presently adjourns.
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Texts Of Judgments Against Goerng and Other Nuz Criminals

their positions. He informed Hit
Ter. that he regretted his recall be-
cause he had been trying since
November, 1887, to induce Schusch-
.nigg to hold conference with
Hitler and Schuschnigg had ii1di-
Gated his willingness to do so.
Acting under Hitler's instructions
Won Papen then returned to AUS
tria and arranged the conference
which was held at Bcrchtesgaden
on February u. 1888.
Won Papen accompanied Schusch-
nigg to that conference, and at its
conclusion advised Schuschnigg to
comply with Hitler's demands. On
March 10, 1898, Hitler ordered Won
Papen to return to Berlin. Won
Papen was in the chancellery on
March II when the occupation OF
Austria was ordered. No evidence
has been offered showing that Won
Papen was in favor of the decision
to occupy Austria by force and he
has testified that he urged Hitler
not to take this step.
After the annexation OF Austria,
Won PApen retired into private life
and there is no evidence that he
took any part in politics. He ac-
cepted the position Of Ambassador
to Turkey In April, 1899, but no evi-
Evening star., 1946-10-01
U. ). Officers Hail
AequittaI Of Staff
BY the Assoeiaisd Press

FRANKFURT, Germany, Oct. L.
American Army officers here hailed
with general satisfaction last night
the ruling by the International Mill
tary Tribunal at Nuremberg that the
German general staff and high COM
mand cannot be prosecuted as a
criminal organization.
at is very encouraging to any
staff officer that the court has not
set a precedent under Which he
might some day be prosecuted just
for doing his job in helping plan
the military defense of his country,
said Col. D. F. FritzSche, deputy
chief of the intelligence division Of
United States Army headquarters
in Europe.
Col. Fritzsche, whose comment was
typical Of most officers questioned
said This phase Of the trial
- affects all members Of the mill
tary profession in all countries who
might be on the losing side some
time and be prosecuted for it."
Col. Fritzsche continued: "Staff
officers have a job to do in the plan
ming stage of military preparedness
"a job they get merely by selection.
It should be no blame to us that we
are made staff officers"
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Several Are Injured
AS Officers Battle
Film Studio Pickets
By The Assoeiotsd Press

HOLLYWOOD, Oct. 1.-Several
men were injured today In clash
between police and sheriff's deputies
and parading pickets at Metro
Goldwyn-Mayer Studio.
As the paraders resisted efforts OF
the officers to drive them back. night
sticks were brought into use and
a number OF men on both sides went
down.
/ A call was issued for police re-
serves and ambllances.
The parade followed a meeting
last night Of veterans of both
World Wars at which a demonstra-
ton in sympathy with studio union
pickets was planned.
Court Order Defied.
Shortly before 8 am. and follow
ing the reading for the second time
this morning Of court order for
bidding mass picketing, about 400
men, many of them in military uni
forms, lined up in two companies
and started a march behind a United
States nag.
Commanded by former Army and
Navy officers, they bore placards
that read: I'VE fought for our coun-
try and for the ideals of Roosevelt"
When the paraders disregarded
orders Of sheriff's officers to get back
from the studio gates, the deputies
started pushing them back, and
violence broke out.
Several Pickets Beaten.
Several pickets were beaten in the
melee and the sheriff's men also
suffered casualties. Two of the lat
ter cooked their pistols menacingly
before they were able to rescue fell
low officers who had gone down in
the fighting. A dozen arrests were
made.
The paraders were dispersed after
a quarter hour of violence, but be-
tween so and 100 of them reformed
their ranks shortly afterward and
started a march around the entire
studio, singing the National An
them and other patriotic songs.
One of two warning AFL groups in
the movie studios threatened last
night to withdraw its members from
any studios which continue to en-
ploy workers belonging to its rival,
the Conference of Studio Unions. :
Won't Assist CSU.
Roy M. Brewer, local head Of the
International Alliance of theatrical
Stage Employees, said:
Our men aren't going to assist
the CSU in financing its strike by
working with CSU men at one place
and having them go out on picket
line at another studio and try to
bash our heads in
| Mr.. Brewers action was aimed at
three unpicketed members of the
big ten" producers, Hal Roach,
Samuel Goldwyn and Republic
and % minor producers, most of
them affiliates of United Artists.
Seven striking CSU locals took
their case to the National Labor Re-
lations Board yesterday.
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Sentencing
Continued From First Page. J

the screaming fanatic of the Nazi
press. He was immobile when he
was condemned. Because he had
been found guilty on only one count,
it was thought for a time he might
escape death.
Wilhelm Frick, one-time Nazi
street fighter who became the pro
tector of Bohemia and Moravia" un-
der Hitler, looked haggard as SEN
tence of death was pronounced. But,
like Kaltenbrunner, he bowed to the
court.
Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, who
planned the Nazi domination of the
sea and the attacks on Norway and
Denmark, remained as impassive as
he had been throughout the trial as
the court doomed him.
His successor, Grand Admiral Karl
DoenitZ, who became Fuehrer of
Germany in the last days of the war
without emotion heard himself SEN
fenced to 10 years imprisonment
The lightness of the sentence i'm
posed on the Nazi submarine chief
surprised many spectators.
Shabby Walther Funk, one-time
economics minister, looked more like
comic strip character than a once
powerful cog in a grim war ma
chine. He shot disguised look al
the court as he heard himself SEN
fenced to life in prison.
Baldur Won Schirach, chief of thu
Hitler youth, was hustled OF quick.
ly by his two military police guards
when the tribunal sentenced him te
20 years. He looked away.
| Next into the hot courtroom came
the tough Nazi labor boss and en-
SLAYER Of millions, Fritz Sauckel. Ht
greeted his death sentence with ar
ostentatius sneer.
Col. Gen. Alfred Jodl, whose ample
diary Of his association with Hitle,
helped convict himself and his co.
conspirators, stared languidly a.
Justice Lawrence sent him to the
gallows in the same dispassionats
monotone. The presiding judge, a
he did with all the others, looked the
prisoner quarely in the eye.
Arthur Seyss Inquart clung tensely
with both hands to the railing of the
dock as he heard his death sentence
With a palpable effort the former
gauleiter of the Netherlands and
Austria controlled his emotions.
Old and worn, former Foreign
Minister Constantin Won Neurath
looked limp in his dark clothing, as
he heard himself sentenced to Is
|years-yirtually life imprisonment
considering his age. t,5
When the last pair Of military
policemen departed, Won Neurath
between them, Justice Lawrence
passed the sentence of death on the
absent deputy fuehrer, Martin Bor-
mann, and ended the historic To-
month session by announcing the
dissenting Russian opinion, which
will have no effect on the present
judgments.
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Confused on Identity,
Man Goes to GoIIinqer

A white man, about As, was under
observation at Gallinger Hospital to-
day after being picked up In an ap.
parently dazed condition at $40 am
by police from No. 3 precinct.
Police said the man hailed tax
at Washington Circle, but was con.
fused as to his identity and destina.
ton. When turned over to police, ht
had only six cents In his pockets
and no means Of Identification.
The man was described as 6 fee1
tall and weighing 174 pounds.
Evening star., 1946-10-01

| man question q live issue which
might serve as an excuse for the at
tack which Germany was planning
against Czechoslovakia.
In August. 1898, he participated
| in a conference for the purpose OF
obtaining Hungarian support in the
event of war with Czechoslovakia
After the Munich pact he continued
Ito bring diplomatic pressure with
the object of occupying the re-
mainder OF Czechoslovakia. He was
instrumental in inducing the Slovaks
Ito proclaim their independence.
He was present at the conference
of March Ais, 1889, at which Hit
ller, by threats of invasion, COM
lpelled President Hacha to consent
to the German occupation OF
Czechoslovakia. After the German
troops had marched in. Ribbentror
signed the law establishing pro-
tectorate over Bohemia and Mo-
ravia.
Ribbentrop played particularly
significant role in the diplomatic ac-
tiyity which led up to the attack
on Poland. He participated in a
conference held on August 10, 1899,
for the purpose Of obtaining italian
support If the attack should lead
to a general European war.
Knew Of Attack on Norway.
RibbentroD discussed the German
demands with respect to Danzig and
the Polish Corridor with the British
Ambassador in the period from Au-
gust Is to August 80, 1899, when he
knew that the German plans to at
tack Poland had merely been tenn
porarily postponed in an attempt to
induce the British to abandon their
guarantee to the Poles. The way in
which he carried out these discus
sions makes it clear that he did not
enter them in good faith in an at
tempt to seek a settlement OF the
difficulties between Germany and
Poland.
Ribbentrop was advised In advance
of the attack on Norway and Den
mark and of the attack on the Low
Countries, and prepared the ofncial
Foreign once memoranda attempt
ing to justify these aggressive ac-
tions.
Ribbentrop attended the confer
ence on January 20, 194l, at which
Hitler and Mussolini discussed the
proposed attack on Greece, and the
conference In January, 194l, at
which Hitler obtained from Anto-
nescu permission for German forces
to go through Romania for this at
tack.
On March Is. 194l. when Yugo-
slavia adhered to the Axis tri-par-
tite pact, Ribbentrop had assured
Yugoslavia that Germany would
respect its sovereignty and territorial
integrity. On March 81, 1941, he
attended the meeting, held after the
coup d'etat in Yugoslavia, at which
plans were made to carry out Hit
ler's announced intention to destroy
Yugoslavia.
Ribbentrop attended conference
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Ribbentrop Is Convicted
On All -Four Counts

NUREMBERG, Oct. I (R.-Fol-
lotOi1lg is the teTt of the Derdict
of the International Military Tri-
bunal against Joachim Don Rib
bentrop:
Ribbentrop is indicted under all
four counts.
He joined the Nazi party in 1882.
BY 1888 he had been made foreign
policy adviser to Hitler and in the
same year the representative Of the
Nazi party on foreign policy. In
1884 he was appointed delegate for
disarmament questions and in 1885
minister plenipotentiary at large,
capacity in which he negotiated the
Anglo German Naval Agreement in
1885 and the Anti -Comintern Pact
in 1886.
On August II, 1886, he was ap-
pointed Ambassador to England. On
February a. 1888. he succeeded Won
Neurath as Reichs Minister for For
eign Affairs as part of the general
reshuff1e which accompanied the
dismissal of Von- Fritsch and Won
Blomberg.
Ribbentrop was not present at the
conference held on November S,
1887, but on January 2, 1888, while
still Ambassador to England, he sent
a memorandum to Hitler indicating
his opinion that a change in the
status quo in the East, in the Ger
man sense, could only be carried out
by force and suggesting methods to
prevent England and France from
intervening in a European war
fought to bring about such a change.
When Ribbentrop became foreign
minister Hitler told him that Ger
many still had four problems to
solve, Austria, Sudetenland, Memel
and Danzig and mentioned the pos
sibility Of some sort of a show
down" or military settlement" for
their solution.
On February 70, 1888, Ribbentrop
attended the conference between
Hitler and Schuschnigg at which
Hitler, by threats Of invasion, forced
Schuschnigg to grant a series of
concessions designed to strengthen
the Nazis in Austria, including the
appointment of Seyys-Inquart as
minister of security and interior,
with control over the police.
Signed Incorporation Law.
Ribbentrop was in London when
the occupation of Austria was actu-
ally carried out and, on the basis
|of information supplied him by
Goering, informed the British gov
|ernment that Germany had not pre-
sented Austria with an ultimatum,
but had intervened in Austria only
to prevent civil war. On March 13,
1888, Ribbentrop signed the law in
cooperating Austria into the Ger
man Reich.
Ribbentrop participated in the
aggressive plans against Czecho-
slovakia, beginning in March, 1888.
He was in close touch with the SUI
denten German Party and gave
them instructions which had the ef-
feet of keeping the Sudenten Ger
Evening star., 1946-10-01

tories over which Germany acquired
control by illegal invasion, Ribben-
trop also assisted in carrying out
criminal policies, particularly those
involving the determination Of the
Jews. There is abundant evidence,
moreover, that Ribbentrop was in
complete sympathy with all the
main tenets Of the National Social
list creed and that his collaboration
with Hitler and with other defend
ants in the commission OF crimes
against peace and crimes against
humanity was wholehearted. It
was because Killers policy and plans
conceded with his own ideas that
Ribbentrop served him so willingly
to the end.
CONCLUSION.
The tribunal finds that Ribbcntrop
Is guilty on all four counts.
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Prosecutors
Continued From First Page.)

principle that aggressive war is a
crime for which statesmen may be
individually punished the Judgment
is highly gratifying.
'It is hopeful sign for the peace
of the world that representatives of
the great powers all agree on this
principle of law and are committed
Evening star., 1946-10-01

in May, 1941, with Hitler and An
tonescu relating to Romanian par
ticipation in the attack on the
USSR. He also consulted with
Rosenberg in the preliminary plan
ming for the political exploitation Of
Soviet territories and In July, 1941,
after the outbreak Of war, urged
Japan to attack the Soviet Union.
Ribbentrop participated in meet
ing of June 6, 1914, at which it was
agreed to start program under
which Allied aviators carrying out
machinegun attacks on the civilian
population should be lynched.
Gaiety Of War Crimes.
In December, 1914, Ribbentrop
was informed Of the plans to murder
one Of the French generals held as
prisoner of war and directed his
subordinates to see that the details
were worked out in such O. way as to
prevent its detection by the pro-
tecting powers.
Ribbentrop is also responsible for
war crimes and crimes against hui
manity because of his activities with
respect to occupied countries and
Axis satellites.
The top German official in both
Denmark and Vichy France was a
Foreign once representative and
Ribbentrop is therefore responsible
for the general economic and politi-
cal policies put into effect in the
occupation of those countries. He
urged the Italians to adopt ruth
less occupation policy in Yugoslavia
and Greece.
He played an important part in
Hitler's final solution" of the jew
ish question. In September, 1912, he
ordered the German diplomatic rep
resentatives accredited to various
satellites to hasten the deportation
of Jews to the east. On February
IS, 1943, Ribbentrop protested to
Mussolini against italian slowness in
deporting Jews from the Italian oc-
cupation zone of France.
On April IT, 1943, he took part in
a conference betweeen Hitler and
Horthy on the deportation of Jews
from Hungary and informed Horthy
that the Jews must either be ex-
terminated or taken to concentra-
ton camps" At the same confer
ence Hitler had likened the Jews
to tuberculosis bacilli" and said if
they did not work they were to be
shot.
Explanation Is Rejected.
Ribbentrop's defense to th e
charges made against him Is that
Hitler made all the important de-
cisions and that he was such great
adrnirer and faithful follower of
Hitler that he never questioned Hit
ler's repeated assertions that he
wanted peace OF. the truth of the
reasons that Hitler gave in explain-
ing aggressive action. The tribunal
does not consider this explanation
to be true
Ribbentrop participated in all OF
the Nazi aggressions from the oc-I
cupation of Austria to the invasion
of the Soviet Union. Although he
was personally concerned with the
diplomatic rather than the military
aspect of these actions, his diplo-
matte efforts were so closely con-
nected with war that he could not
have remained unaware of the ag-
gressive nature of Hitler's actions.
In the administration Of terri
Evening star., 1946-10-01
Recalled in 1893.

On February 4, 1888, Won Papen
was notified of his recall as Minister
to Austria at the same time that
Won Fritsch, Won Blonlberg and
Won Neurath were removed from
Evening star., 1946-10-01


AGAINST HUMANITY
The record is filled with Goering's
admissions of his completely in the
use of slave labor. 1--WE did use this
labor for security reasons so that
they would not be active in their
own country and would not work
against us. On the other hand, they
served to help in the economic war" ]"
And again: workers were forced to
come to the Reich. That is some
thing I have not denied"
The man who spoke these words
was plenipotentiary for the four
year plan charged with the recruit
ment and ALLEGATION of manpower.
AS Luftwaffe commander chief
he demanded from Himmler more
slave laborers for his underground
aircraft factories: THAT T requested
inmates of concentration camps for
the armament OF, the Luftwaffe is
correct and it is to be. taken as a
matter of course" o.
AS plenipotentiary, Goering signed
a directive concerning the treatment
of Polish workers in Germany and
irnplemented it by regulations of
the SD, including special treat
ment."
He issued directives to use Soviet
and French prisoners of war in the
armament industry; he spoke of
seizing Poles and Dutch and making
them prisoners of war if necessary,
and using them for work. He agrees
Russian prisoners of war were used
to man anti-aircraft batteries.
AS plenipotentiary Goering was
tine active authority in the spoilation
of conquered territory. He made
plans for the spoilation of Soviet
territory long before the war on the
Soviet Union.
Set Up Economic Staff.
Two months prior to the invasion
Of the Soviet Union, Hitler gave
Goering the overall direction for
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-05-02
L I: :! ! (: ): f f: ~ ~ {:r. Hit i:

DRY Is correct"
1t is" Tonic said.
shortly afterWard. nearer half
past three than four, the important
visitor of the afternoon must have
arrived went on.
How d'you figure that OUT"
Dita wanted to know.
why, she must have got. and
| paid for, The letters before Deane
showed up at last-around four.
She couldn't very well stuff them
INTO her chair unless she had
them" | argued. And from the
vav Deane said she aCtcd-all
graciousness and apologies and-er
-hichballs- j assume she and the
unknown had gone on from BUSH
ness to talking to making up
"Why making up This time In
spcctor Barry cut into my recon-
struction.
Because she'd sent her guest
into Meals room, and then detained
pcane to fIirt with him for half An
hour She must have done 1t 10
make the other man jealous. Be
cause. if she'd wanted to. she could
have sent Deauc away at the door
"Feminine logic rumbled Mr..
Pearce. Senior.
We'll observed" said the inspce-
tor. Modifying his praise at once by
adding. If there a. a MAJ in
Miss Tarrant's ROOM
Henderson daily dispatch., 1946-05-02

Under modern medical rehabilita-
ton developed to improve recovery
Of seriously injured mon, the Veter-
ans Administrator doctirs have
patients take systematic exercises
over before thnv can SIT 10 in bed
Such exercise may begin with simply
Hle.lIns the hands or feet.