davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-23
The Political Mill
By GOnId Lincoln

not have this equality, especially when
it comes to matters OF property and to
control their own Affairs. 1t is to cure
these inequalities that this group of
women has been pressing q constitu-
tionsl amendment to bring all the
States into line on the matter OF equal
lty OF the sexes.
There nave been two schools OF
thought in this country-snd the diff
ferences in opinion lie between women
as well as between men-on this ques-
tion of equality OF the sexes before the
law. One group stands for the pro
lection of women-for laws giving them
certain advantages. Many of the States
have such laws. relating TO hours of
work and 4 multitude OF other working
conditions. The other group more
sturdy, insists that women be treated
on the same footing as men, and that
they take their chances.
There isn't member OF Congress
who does not profess to be for the best
treatment for women. But those who
oppose the equal rights amendment
contend that if the amendment becomes
part of the Constitution all the laws
enacted for tine special benefit Of women
will 60 out of the window. =
Quite naturally = lot OF women who
have fought for the enactment of these
protective laws are disinclined to support,
If they are not actively hostile TO, the
equal rights amendment Male members
OF labor unions have looked askance
100, on proposition that seems to make
women more on an equality with men
Among the women hostile to the equal
rights amendment is Mrs. Franklin D.
2oosevelt, so the Woman's National
Party leaders assert. AND you and men
Who are labeled liberal. like Senator
Wagner of New York, arguing against
the amendment. The equal rights pro-
ponents blame also the CIO and its
PAC for their Senate defeat.
In this recent Senate vote the Re-
publicaps made . much better showing
for the equal rights amendment than
did the Democrats-although Demo-
cratic Leader Bsrkley voted for it and
Republican Leader White voted against
1t. Mr.. Barkley told the Senate he con-
sidered both party members pledged to
support the amendment, by reason OF
their 1914 platforms MI White, on the
other hand, said he was not bound
because his party had lost the 1914
national election and he did not con-
slider . platform which had been re-
jected by the voters any compulsion
on his vote
1t may very well be that the women
will take this issue into the coming
congressional campaign
Evening star., 1946-07-23
The Conference Committee
Br Bprfram Benedict

the chairman OF the committee In
charge Of the bill and the ranking
majority and minority members OF
the committee. Occasionally, one of
these is displaced by 4 member spon
soring the bill. On especially impor-
tant bills the number Of conferees from
each house may be more than three
On the pending OPA bill there were
seven conferees from each house.
Conference on a bill may be either
free or simple" In free" confer
ence the conferees are at full liberty
to use their own Judgment. In a sim
pie Tor specific) conference. conferees
are supposed to try to get the desires
Of their branch followed. The House
is more prone than the Senate to In
struct It's conferees to insist on certain
points
Sometimes conferees report that they
have agreed on certain issues. cannot
agree on others, In that case, any in
structions given the conferees on the
points still in disagreement may be
waived Or renewed. The conference
report says that the Senate recedes
from sections or paragraphs numbered
so-and-so and the House on Its side
recedes from sections or paragraphs
numbered so-and-so: many members of
Congress voting for the Anal conference
report may not be clear on Just whs It
these several sections or paragraphs
cover, When a conference report Is
submitted with all points OF difference
reconciled, 1t may not be- amended In
either House, but must be accepted or
rejected In entirety.
Evening star., 1946-07-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,oN

fairs and foreign policy are not being
sufhciently reflected and evaluated from
the point Of view OF the interest of
the Soviet State, from the point Of
view of the interests of the struggle
for peace and security"
Coming at q time when Russis's reis-
tions with the western democracies are
more strained than ever. when Russia
is reported to be beginning to have a
difficult time holding her domination
over some Of her Central European
satellites, this criticism is more \ cause
for wonderment than anything else.
Why, one cannot help but ask, is Mos
COW denouncing the newspapers OF
Russia when she controls them?
On numerous occasions, repr esent-
atiyes of America and other western
countries have attempted TO get Russia
Moscow has maintained for years to
the harassment of those foreign cor
respondents who like to dig for a good
story and see it printed.
None of the appeals has been needed
and Russia has continued to adhere to
her policy OF keeping a rigid eye on
the information that gets out to other
countries. This policy has been ex-
panded during the war, period TO in
clude those states ovef" which Russia
has extended her control. News from
the satellite nations is about as hard
to get as it is from the Soviet itself
While correspondents sent to Russia
occasionally have been permitted to
file mildly critical stories, the Soviet
has always let them know in no uncer-
tain terms that one "indiscretion' on
their part means that they will soon
De on their way home. That is why
scoops" of major proportions by for
eign correspondents in Russia are rare.
indeed. Most OF the information comes
from handouts" or semiofficial or Of
ncial sources which know exactly what
and what not to say These sources
are available to one and all
Evening star., 1946-07-23

For % wears 3 proposed amendment
to the Constitution OF the United
States, providing that equality of
rights under the law shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States OF
by any State on account of sex has
been knocking at the doors of Con-
gress. and on July l9 it met its irst
test in either house While the pro-
ponents of the so-called womsn's eoua /
rights amendment were in the ma
Jority, they were considerably short of
the necessary two-thirds vote required
of each house OF Congress to submit 3
constitutional amendment to the States
for ratification. The vote was 80 ayes. ="
35 noes"
Considering that the amendment
started from scratch q score of wears
ago-the showing made by the pro-
ponents OF equality of women with men
under the laval laws-in this Senate
vote was encours ging As a matter of
fact. members of the National Woman's
Party, the militant organiza ton which
was largely responsible for the adoption
Of the womans suffrage amendment to
the Constitution, insist that l8 of the
% Senator'S voting were pledged to
support the equal rights amendment
1t is obvious, however. that as long as
80 or more Senators are found voting
against the amendment it cannot pass
the upper HOUSES being one more than
one-third Of the total voting strength
of the Senate. The women proponents
OF the amendment. therefore. have still
bit Of work ahead Of them
For the first time in 1914. the womer
prevailed on both the Republican ant
Democratic National Conventions to
write into their party platforms q plank
pledging support OF the equal rights
amendment And for the frst time
TO get favorable reports OF the resolu
tion proposing the amendment from
the Senate and House Judiciary Com
mittees. The women believe they could
secure the necessary two thirds vote
for the amendment If 1t were brought
to 4 vote in the House at the present
session-but whether the Senate, now
in haste to close its session and 40
lourn, would agree to vote on the
resolution again is decidedly oues-
ton. The resolutions opponents could
easily block its coming up again.
It is common but erroneous belief
that since the women of the country
were given equal political rights with
men-the right to vote and to hold
ofIice-they have equality before the
law with the male sex. In long list of
cases, in nlany States, the women do
Evening star., 1946-07-23

The conference committee is really
third house OF Congress the late
Senator Norris OF Nebraska used to
declare. Particularly toward the emo
Of session is a conference committee
almost nntrs n1meled in giving Anal form
to bill on which the Senate and the
House have disagreed. That was one
reason why Senator Norris pushed in
cessantly for the lame duck amendment
He thought that with the biennial
short session of Congress abolished and
with every annual session beginning
early in January, the two houses would
have more time to put on contentious
legislation, and the wings OF the con-
ference committee would be correspond
ingly clipped,
That this prospect was too optimistic
was proved by the outcome OF OPA
legislation. Most members of Congress
are itching to break away and were
in mood 10 accept almost any bill on
which the conferees agreed.
After the veto Of the first OPA re-
newal bill was sustained in the House
the House passed a resolution merely
extending OPA until July 90 The Sen
ate, on the other hand, passed q new snd
detailed OPA bill Thus in the confer
ence the House conferees had \ free
hand. the Senate copferees were sup
posed to put up fight for the provisions
in the Senate bill
Senator Norris estimated that three
fourths of all important measures found
the two houses in disagreement and
were finally enacted in the form ham
mered out by a conference commit
tee. Conference committees are still
guided largely by the rules which
Thomas Jefferson drew up when he
presided over the Senate as Vice Presi-
dent The conferees are supposed not
to insert new matter in q bill-that
is, matter absent from the bill as passed
by either house. II such new matter
Is inserted, 4 point Of order may be
made against it on the floor However,
new matter sometimes is included with
out any point OF order being made
against it. The conferees are sup
posed similarly not to delete provisions
on which the two houses had agreed
The United States is almost the
only country in which the conference
committee functions. In most other
countries with bicameral legislatures,
informal talks are relied upon to
smooth out differences between the
two houses on q bill. If the talks fail
the bill dies.
the presiding oficer OF the Senate
House conferees by the Speaker. Usually
the confefees from each house ars
Evening star., 1946-07-23

Having lust completed q visit to
America, Ilys Ehrenburs, probably Rus
sia's most prominent contemporary
Journalist, has written q series OF ar
ticles for the Moscow newspapers on
his impression OF this country. Excerpts
from his articles have been carried by
newspapers throughout the United
States and, while not too critical of the
American way Of life as he saw it.
Ehrenburg has made 1t rather clear
that he thinks the Russian people
would not care much for it,
While there may be little or no con-
nectlon. 1t is interesting to- note that
at about the same time Ehrenburg and
his party were in America, the Moscow
radio carried q lengthy criticism of
the shortcomings of the press in Russia
The Russian newspaper, as Ameri-
cans understand it, has always been
under the donins Jion Of Moscow. and
although it may carry wide range of
subjects. it sticks strictly TO the Com
muniSt line, insofar as politics is con-
cerned. Even the printing of rumors
Is froWned ON by the leaders in Moscow
unless the rlrmors are published with
definite political aim in mind.
In its criticism, the Moscow "a oio
salo: The papers do not publish full
facts on the life in the Soviet Union,
the vital political and industrial sctiv-
tiles OF workers. peasants and intelli-
gentsis. The greater part OF their
pages are filled with repetition OF
truths known TO all and with casual in
formation. District papers need
particular care. There are some good
ones. But there are not many of them
The bad ones are predominant" The
broadcast went on to emphasize that the
Soviet press must satisfy the needs
required Of it. It cannot be said that
the press fulfins these needs. In the
central press the international events
are being given 4 small space. Many
important events of international af-
Evening star., 1946-07-23
Boliviun Revolution

The aSSassina ton of President
Villarroel Of Bolivia and the over
throw of his whole dictator like
regime will have the effect of keen.
ing that turbulent South American
country's revolutionary record un-
changed on at least one outsta nding
point: Bolivia has yet to see q presi-
Dental term begun and ended by
constitutional elections. President
Villarroel Is the tenth chief exeeu-
tive which Bolivia has had in the
past fifteen years. He came into
power as a result Of the revolution
ary coup of December 20, 1913
much to the alarm of all American
republics except Argentina and he
came to an inglorious end suspended
from lamppost in front OF his
palace, the victim of type OF vio-
lence Of which his enemies asserted
he was master.
Although the latest revolution in
the landlocked Latin country was
bloodier than some of those which
have preceded it, it followed the
same general pattern of many which
have racked the mineral-rich little
country since Simon Bolivar liber-
ated it more than 100 years ago. Its
flrst President, Antonio Jose sucre.
was elected for life" in 1925, but he
set the style for those who followed
when he was tossed out the very
next year. Revolutions and wars
have plagued the nation ever since.
The alarm which the United States
and allied Latin American govern
ments experienced when Villarroel
first rode into office in the wake of
what was regarded rs a pro-Nazi,
anti-American coup, eventually dis
sipated as the Villarroel regime kept
it's promises to throw it's lot with
hemisphere solidarity, despite It's
early recognition by pro-Axis Ar
gentina. After six months of aloof-
ness, our State Department extended
recognition - and the Allies con-
tinued to obtain from Bolivia the
tin so vital to prosecution of the war
against Germany and Japan. But
the taint of pro-Germanism never
disappeared completely from the
Villarroel government. And it is
significant that one OF President Viii
larroel's last official acts was an
attempt to set up 4 military cabinet
Evening star., 1946-07-23
Stress on People
rom the b. nsor DE- lily News.


In the covenant OF the old League
OF Nations, which has now of1cially
certified It's own demise, the talk was
all Of "the dealings of organized people
with one another Of honorable re-
lstions between nations" OF rule Of
conduct among governments"
The Charter OF the United Nations
on the contrary, stresses faith In
fundamental human rights In the
dignity and worth of the human per
SON"
The shift Of emphasis was from gov
ernments to the people. 1t was .
shift from people organized as nations
to people as people.
That is big shift. It is 4 shift for
people to remember as we'll as for gov
ernments to remember. Above all. just
now. 1t is shift to be kept clearly in
mind by the members Of U. Ms Security
Council
Evening star., 1946-07-23
Not Settled Yet

controversy over retention, as q
function OF the municipal govern
ment, OF the child day-care centers
has been compromised by congress
stonsl approval, with red uced
appropriation, OF legislation fixing
the life OF the project for one year
only. The form of the compromise
respects the plea that sudden dis
continuance of the centers would
work an undue hardship on some
working mothers who benefit now
from the arrangement.
The compromise may be a reason
able one, in view of the tangled
history Of the undertaking. But 1t
would be a mistake to regard the
legislation ss hnal settlement of the
question whether the municipal
government should undertake, as q
part OF Its welfare functions, the
establishment and maintenance of
such day nurseries. Senator Pepper,
for example, looks to the day when
1t will be possible for every working
woman in American to have avail
able the service and help which it
Is proposed to AFFORD" under the
present law There are others who
believe that the maintenance of dsy
nurseries should be a fixed obliea-
tion Of the local taxpayer.
Perhaps they should be. But
before any such decision is made
there should be general understand
Ing of the potential cost involved
and its justification in relation to
other needs. Decisions cannot be
made, in other words, on whether
such undertakings are of benefit to
some people. As set up, as q war
measure, under 4 liberal Federal
grant that Congress has refused
to continue, the centers are about
the most expensive project per child
In the District. Approximately 400
children are the immediate and
present beneficiaries. But well over
5000 children enter the public
schools each year. a figure which
supplies a rough index to the Mum
ber whose age. at least. would make
them eligible for such care.
The day nurseries spend much
more .proportionately on taking care
Of preschool infants than the public
schools can afford to spend on the
education OF child. The cost Of
the relief they provide Is excessive
In relation to other forms Of public
assistance. And the District, at this
time, is spending more than its in
come, q fact which accounts largely
for the inadequate care 1t is giving
to dependent child wards In other
categories who should have q prior
claim for help.
1t has become the fashion to re
Evening star., 1946-07-23

gard the cost of such projects as the
least important of all considers tions.
But when this matter is revived next
year, rs 1t surely will be, there should
be clearer understanding Of the
nature of the responsibility which
the advocates of the day-care
centers are asking from those who
must foot the bills. ....
Evening star., 1946-07-23
In Looking Back

1t is so easy to escape the stark
Unlo1iness OF discipline and fear:
The thicket OF your memories is dork
And stDeet and coot-dnd Ike
startled deer
Your heart ,oiI lose itself rem en- bering
A secret pool that ,rors ,ptltoec
frame
The pool that kept your face torecer-
spring
The oriole that almost said your noms.
Laughing a httis. 1enpes Dtu n.ooe aside,
Then stain your mouth Nth berries,
sdpnge-brt1ht
And susory, and learn their ,ecys 10
hide,
TO blend auith sun and shadotu In your
tight
Into the thicket OF remember tuten,
Where yesterdays hold ont their arms
again.
cOsETTE MIDDLETON.
Evening star., 1946-07-23
The Tidelonds Issue

Short of a presidential veto, Sen
ate passage of the House approved
joint resolution renouncing all Fed
eral claims TO Americas oil-rich
tidelands apparently will have the
effect OF depriving the Supreme
Court OF jurisdiction over case that
has been brought before it expressly
for the purpose of testing this i'm
portant issue. This constitutes
rare legislative move in relation to
the judicial branch Of the Govern
ment and though within the rights
OF Congress it's wisdom is open to
serious question.
The resolutions supporters argue
that numerous past decisions OF the
Supreme Court have made it mat
ter Of settled law that the States
have undiSputed title to the sub
merged land and to everything in it
extending oceanward from the coast
line to the three-mile limit The
Federal Government, however, be-
gan to challenge this view in 1887,
and last year decided to test 1t to
the full by filing lawsuit in the
highest tribunal against California,
but II the remuneration measure
becomes effective this legal action
will be thwarted, with Congress
putting the issue at rest in Its own
way.
Persuasive points have been made
in favor of this course. 1t has been
argued. for example. that when he
first became Secretary of the In
terror Mr.. Ickes himself-the same
Mr.. Ickes who is now SO militantly
opposed to the meaSure-he1d that
1T was an established rule of prop
erty that the States owned the tide
lands, 1t has been argued, too, that
private lessees have invested great
sums of money in developing the
resources OF these lands, ranging
from shrimp and oysters to sand and
oil. and that to reverse the rule at
this stage would be to upset eco
nomic rela tionships between States
and individuals in such way ss to
burden the courts with complicated
litigation for the next fifty years.
Equally persuasive. however, are
the arguments on the other side
excepting, OF course, the epithets
and the unwarranted innuendoes
aimed at congressional good faith
by critics like Mr. Ickes. To begin
with, 1t can be maintained with
some force that title to the tidelands
is not a matter of settled law. 1t
can be maintained also that much
Of the drive outside Congress for q
policy of Federal remuneration has
been motivated not by devotion to
pure principle but by concern for
special interests. This does not nee
essarily mean that the States do not
have a strong case. but Ii they have
such case, If the rule of property
involved is really firmly established.
why not let the Supreme Court hand
down clear decision to that effect?
At any rate, on the face of things,
it would seem that the way ought to
be left open for a decision on which
sound legisla ton could be based.
The Governments suit is aimed pri-
marily at determining whether there
can be Federal action to conserve
underwater oil resources that may
be Of great Importance in the future.
BY blocking judicial ruling on this,
the Joint congressional resolution
might easily create more doubts in
the public mind than 1t would re-
solve. Everything considered, a good
case can be made for vetoing the
measure.
Evening star., 1946-07-23
All Out Of Step, Except i.

From the Indianapolis News.
Russia's use OF the veto recalls the
fellow who complained about II stub
born men who served with him on .
jury
Evening star., 1946-07-23

Quest tor People Working
To the Bdtor Of The Star:
Here is the answer to the Washington
housing shortage: Appoint = committee
of npe persons wen-equipped with an
appreciation of the ludicrous Delegate
this committee to go through the end
less halls OF government. tap each IN
dividual on the shoulder and ask this
question: What do you do?"
In this way . thousand "jobs' =
week for some time. could be termi-
mated In turn. more and more houses
and apartments would be available.
This plan probably will be more vel
comed than opposed by that vast frus-
trated Government horde now envel-
oped in complete inertia
REVERICUS.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1946-05-09
FRANK A. SMITH

Frank A. Smith, 73, prominent
retired Caldwell businessman, was
found dead at his home on West
North street, at 4:30 o'clock Friday
afternoon. Death was due to heart
attack.
Mr.. Smith had been in failing
health for two years but his death
was unexpected.
The son of the late Ambrose and
Regina Funk Smith, he was born
near Fulda. Following his marriage
to Miss Julia Ehlermann, he was
engaged in the mercantile business
at Fulda for 81 years.
He moved to Caldwell 18 years
ago and owned and operated the
Caldwell Implement and Supply
company until retiring five years
ago. He was a member of the St
Philomena Catholic church and the
Knights of Columbus council. His
wife died nine years ago.
Surviving are two sons, Norbert
anu JULIUS O1 CHS uOlilCJ DoIA AS~SAA'
ly discharged from the service
three daughters, Mrs. Robert Fitch
man and Mrs. Francis 7. Estadt
of Caldwell, and Miss Beatrice
Smith of Granville; two grandchil
dren, Julia and Margaret Estadt
and a sister, Mrs. Henry Michel OF
Louisville, o. Two brothers and tive
sisters are deceased.
Funeral services were held at
o'clock Monday morning at st. Philo
mena church with Rev. FIR. Stephel
Pekalla officiating. Burial was mad
in Mt. Olivet cemetery at Caldwell
in charge of the Estadt funera
home.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1946-05-09
"MOTHER"

Two small slender shaped hands
that have done much for us,
hand with old fashioned wedding band
Touching very tenderly,
Like flower she feared to crush.
Yes it is dear Mother
with the silver threads in her hair
Mother with her kind loving way
and her wrinkled skin so fair,
Is there any other, like Mother who
has unknd word to say?
Oh it's her tender loving eyes,
Her firing but never resting feet,
And her loving, sorrowful and happy sighs
Her unsefsh disposition always sweet.
She will always be the loving thoughtful Mother,
With her ruby, diamond and golden heart,
One who really cannot be compared to any other,
Mother from whom it would be very hard to part.
Catherine A. OMalley of Philadelphia p
Sophomore of ST. Ursula's Academy.