davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-24

under appalling conditions But sew
eral million are still there The peasant
clings to his cottage and soil despite
disastrous circumstances There Is
truly an iron curtain" over this anomal-
Gus zone, but some persons have pene-
trated 1t and report privately that what
was previously the great grain and
potato belt of the Reich is today a no.
mans land, given over to rowing band
TRY, with some villages without a single
innabitant. For though divested. in
part, Of its German population. 1t is
still not being Systematically colonized
by Poles, who come and loot, but do
not settle and work,
At any rate, relations between Poles
and Russians are reported to be very
bad In this area. Reports from Dan
zig, Stettin, and Breslau, all say that
the German population seek and find
protection from the Russians against
the Poles and that If the people were
Eranted plebiscite to choose whether
they want to go to Russia or Poland.
The vote would favor Russia, for the
worst atrocities have not been COM
mitted by Russians, but by Polish bands.
Poland has no representative in the
Allied control council in Berlin, so this
fourth of Germany is outside even the
pretense of joint Allied control.
Meanwhile, Poland, as a nation, is
getting herself a black eye In the eyes
of the world. Every surviving Jew is
leaving it. The Beirut government
washes its hands of recent pogroms
and lays the blame on the anti-Beirut
underground. But a police state. as
Beiruts Poland is. cannot exempt it
self OF responsibility for keeping order.
Actually. the BEIRUT Government has
little popular support and no legiti-
macy, and cannot properly govern
There is open or latent civil war. and
the anti-Semitism endemic to Poland
which all but died out during the fight
against the Germans flares again, Ger
tainly not assuaged by the fact that
the head of the hated NKVD in Poland
is Jew.
There are many Polish Jews who are
as anti-Beirut as most Poles, but the
Jews are caught in wretched internal
struggle. In fact, If the Russians had
wanted to inflame anti-Semitism with
view to awakening international hos
tility against Poles in general, as a
preface to future repartitioning of the
country with friendly" Germany. they
couldn't have prepared the ground more
favorably.
The situation holds the most serious
dangers. But we cannot, with talk of
mercy and "justice'-welcome as are
these unaccustomed words-wash our
hands OF responsibility in contributing
to the dangers
tRelease BY the Bell Svndicate 1ncN
Evening star., 1946-07-24
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

In the spring Of 1945 had a long
talk with Mr.. Mikolajczyk, in London,
shortly before his return to Poland I
had met him previously only once, as
President RooseVelt's guest, in the White
House. Our talk did not center on the
internal affairs of Poland. but on her
foreign situation. Polands eastern
frontiers had already been set-without
the participation of the Polish govern
ment. which had entered the war
against Germany-and Mr.. Mikolojczyk,
though no more enthusiastic about them
than any other Pole, had accepted them
realistically" The great powers had
also concurred, in principle, that there
should be some "rectification" of Po-
pense of Germany as compensation"
Now, it was these western frontiers
that concerned Mr. MikolajcZy who
was apprehensive that they might be
set without clear guarantees from all
the great powers. For, he argued. if
new (and highly dubious TERRITORY
comes to lis by the sole grace of one
great power, and that a power which
has four times, and once during the
recent war, partitioned Poland with
Germany, it might happen again.
Mr.. Mikolajczyks apprehensions were
entirely justified To this moment no
formal public act of all or any of the
great powers has fixed the Polish bor-
ders permanently in the west. The Pots
dam Declaration left the final delinea-
tion to the peace conference. Subse-
quent to Potsdam. Mr. Bevin, speaking
to the House of Commons, stated that
this zone" between Oder and Neisse)
had been turned over to the Poles for
administration, and repeated that the
final disposal of the territory had not
been settled.
However. the Poles moved in on the
assumption that their administration
was tantamount to annexation, and
lately ratified the annexation by
Polish plebiscite Since no great power
protested against this palpably absurd
performance in violation Of the Pots
dam agreement - unless some secret
agreement exists-silence may be taken
to have given consent.
The territory is enormous, amount
ing to about a fourth of the prewar
Reich, and apart from small section
of East Prussia clearly awarded by
Potsdam to Russia, 1t is all in the
hands of Poles although the Red Army
is also in occuption. Actually. there
are three separate "Neisse" rivers and
one wonders what experts" decided
to select that one as frontier which
includes three and half million more
Germans than either Of the others would
have done
1t has been the policy Of the Poles
to evacuate this area Of all Germans
and an undetermined number have left
Evening star., 1946-07-24
For Better Teuchino

House approval of the teachers
pay and retirement bills brings
closer to realization a program of
personnel benefits that is certain
to raise the morale of teachers and
to bring about more stabilized con-
ditions in the teaching profession
locally. The added costs involved
in the reforms must be regarded as
a wise investment In behalf of a
better public school system in the
District.
The "stopgap" pay raise of $3.50
a year, which awaits only the sigma
ture of President Truman to become
Immediately effective, and the
iberalized retirement bill, which Is
pending before the Senate, are de-
signed to insure equitable treatment
for teachers at time when other
public servants and employees in
private industry are receiving pay
raises and other benefits to meet the
high cost of living. The lump sum
salary increase for teachers ad-
mittedly is a hastily drawn COM
promise measure intended approx
mately to match the increases re-
Gently given by Congress to Federal
employees and to local policemen and
f1remen. The retirement bill is
companion-piece to the pay increase
that should receive quick approval
from the Senate and the White
House. It modernizes an antiquated
annuity system so that teachers will
receive annuity advantages similar
to those already granted Federal
employees. An important proviso
will facilitate retirement of teachers
at earlier ages, move in the in
tereSt of faculty efficiency.
With higher pay and an improved
retirement system in the off1ng,
school officials should have more
success in meeting the shortage of
teachers-a problem reflected In the
falling off of normal school grad
yates. Much remains to be done,
Evening star., 1946-07-24
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

is made no easier by the appearance
OF Nine. Sun in the Chinese political
sphere. Dr. Sun has become legendary
figure to the Chinese millions and
abroad his name Is synonymous with
Chinese nationalism. The presence of
his widow on the side Of the Communists
can scarcely be ignored as a source of
prestige for the associates of Moscow.
What Is most disconcerting about
Nine. Suns statement is her implied
charge that American military aid to
China, being the policy of American
''reactionaries,' is fostering China's civil
war and encouraging Chinese reac-
tionaries to stir up war between the
United States and Russia. She echoes
the demands of the Chinese Commu-
nists that all American military aid be
withdrawn from China, until coali-
ton government, which she proposes,
is created.
II
American military aid to the Chinese
government Is scarcely the product of
reactionary forces in this country. 1t
was the settled policy of Washington to
strengthen China militarily as well as
economically as a bulwark of peace in
eiiO i oA I1oSO' ialiitdly dlu WIS SA-
tended not only to the Chinese Central
government but to the Communists as
well.
Under pressure from pro- Communist
sources-such as Nine. Sun Yat-sen-
the American Government may be
forced to withdraw it's support from
the Chinese group which is doing most
at this moment to hold the Communist
peril in check in the Far East.
With communism becoming more
and more menacing not only in China
but in Japan-where the Russians have
undertaken a determined propaganda
campaign-and in other parts of the
Far East, a surrender to the Chinese
Communists will have decidedly adverse
effects on the barriers to communism
elsewhere in the Western Pacific area.
Nine. Suns admonitions to the
American people against further mill
tary aid to the Chinese Central gov
ernment and her denunciation of Amer
lean as well as Chinese elements for
their alleged effort to stir up war be-
tween the United States and Russia
are taken seriously in Washington more
for their revelation of Communist prop
aganda than for their content.
That American and Chinese "reac-
tionaries" are plotting to embroil the
United States and Russia in war is
regarded as little too far-fetched to
merit serious consideration.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

busy members of Congress to take
part actively in discussion Of mat
ters affecting their welfare than
from the occasional hostility of ag-
grieved individuals. Service on the
District Committees of House and
Senate, with its opportunities for
such close participation in develop
ment of the American Capital, should
offer compensation in the form Of
personal satisfaction over such tan
gible progress as promised in pas
sage of bills like the urban re-
development and hospital center
measures.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Issue at Nuernberg
By Raym ond oiep

Because of it's length, the Nuremberg
trial is daily running into declining
state Of Indignation in this country.
The passage of time destroyed all chance
for Justice after the First World War.
But conditions are different in this
case. The accused people are being
tried by a court composed Of the vic
torious Allies, not by German courts.
The issue is more clear-cut, particularly
with regard to the grosser offenders.
And the prosecution has been we'll pre-
pared. But Americans should, despite
the passage of time and preoccupation
with new international difficulties, keep
their eyes on the issues. These issues
are timeless. They affect the whole
future of justice on earth.
Although a vast amount of detailed
evidence has come through in the news,
the main issues are simple and clear.
Justice Robert H. Jackson has stated
them over and over with authentic
ability. Now he has simplified them
for us again in an introduction to
little book by Professor Sheldon Glueck
OF the Harvard Law School. THE Nu-
ernberg Trial and Aggressive War"
y y X y
In an earlier statement Mr.. Jackson
summed it up by saying that these
defendants are being tried mot for
losing a war. but for starting war"
Now Mr.. Jackson has restated the basic
law which these defendants are accused
of violating. That law Is that 1t is
crime to make war of aggression.
The law that aggressive war Is
crime WAS reStated in the Dndnn rnllr-
Power Agreement of August s, 1945
This agreement, drawn up by jurists
and lawyers, stated that aggressive war
has been crime and is a crime. Hence,
although some of the defendants are
claiming that the law under which they
are tried Is ex post facto, the issue Is
foreclosed Professor Glueck outlines
the body Of international law, which
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Productive District Duy'

No House District Day" in recent
years has been so productive of i'm
portant local legislation as last
Monday. The slum clearance and
urban redevolpment bill, the bill for
liberalization of teachers retire
ment legislation and the hospital
center bill received an unusual
degree of intelligent consideration
through lively and for the most part
informed debate.
The Acting Chairman of the
House District Committee, Repre-
sentative Ned R. Healy of California,
showed himself again to be highly
competent in managing local legis-
1ation on the floor. Representative
Everett M. Dirksen of Illinois, rank
ing minority member and a veteran
of the House District Committee,
pitched in and fought for the slum
and hospital bills and carried lot
of weight with him. Affable, able
and as usual thoroughly prepared
on his subjects, he was persuasive
in the face of distinguished opposi-
tion.
Any one reading the debate will
be impressed by the absence of the
vindictiveness toward the people of
Washington which, In the past, has
been the refuge of more than one
lightweight politician, unable to
gain an audience on any other
subject. The number of members
who expressed themselves SYM
pathetically on Washington's prob
lens, including Representatives
Randolph of West Virginia, O'Hara
of Minnesota, Bloom of New York,
Rogers of Massachusetts,, Summers
of Texas, Rabaut of Michigan,
Folger of North Carolina and others
not usually heard in debate on local
matters, was highly encouraging.
For the people of the District
suffer more from disinclination of
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Basic Issues Stressed
} the Editor The Star.

To the Editor The Star:
The article on THE Future Of City
Planning in Washington" by Rudolph
Kaufman, which appeared in The
Sunday Star, July 7, and your subse-
quent editorial on July dealing with
the same subject, have cleared away
lot of debris which has been accumu-
lating over period of years and pre-
sented the basic issues between the
National Capital Park and Planning
Commission and the District govern
ment in their true light. 1t is only to
be regretted that you apparently felt 1T
necessary to modify the force and
clarity of the article, which points its
finger directly at the fundamental
reasons for the controversy, by conclud-
ing that money alone was the cause OF
it all. Your excellent editorial helped,
however, to rectify this somewhat weak
kneed conclusion by stating, among
other things, that opposition to Federal
budgeting of the commissions funds is
indeed shortsighted.
Having been connected with the
Planning Commission for number of
years as its city planner and on,
think, friendly terms with both District
and Federal officials, have had ample
opportunity to observe the develop
ment of the present unfortunate situ-
alton without being personally involved.
Some of it is inherent in the Federal
local set-up peculiar to the National
Capital involving, of course. the item
of money; much of it is due to short
sighted thinking. expediency, and juris-
dictional jealousies which in some in
stances have deteriorated into personal
animosity. Being no longer connected
with either the District or Federal Gov
ernments, feel I can make the above
statement without my objectivity being
too seriously challenged My hope is
that you will not let this vital matter
die for want of newsprint.
MAX S. WEHRLY.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Bordering Goes Scientific

1t was inevitable, OF course, that
in this antiSeptic age science one
day would get around to doing some
thing about insanitary practices and
instruments in barber shops, but
old-timers who nostalgically remem-
ber the days when regular customers
had their own shaving mugs, marked
by their names, and who have long
been accustomed. if not wholly in
ured, to the swish of the shaving
brush and the taste of its lather,
are bound to regret the passing of
mug and brush. They are on their
way out. to make room for that
marvel of tonsorial progress, the
electrical lather maker with jet
propulsion.
The proposed new barber code for
the District is responsible for the
planned innovation. Not only will
shaving brushes and mugs, with or
without names, be banned under the
new regulations. but even hair
brushes and neckdusterS will be
taboo-in the interest of sanitation.
Hairbrushes. 1t Is explained, tend to
spread scalp infections, and neck
busters whisk dust and germs into
the air when they are not brushing
clipped hair farther down the collar.
Everything will be done scientifically
II the Commissioners approve the
new code. In lieu of mug and brush,
the barber will push button on the
lather gadget, the jet machinery will
start whirring and out will squirt a
stream of smooth suds, warmed to
face temperature. When the barber
has collected a handful, the device
is shut of and the barber proceeds
to apply the lather in the usual
places by hand. And If the custo-
mers should demand 1t, the syn
thetic lather undoubtedly could be
sweetened to individual taste.
Who knows but that eventually
barbering will be entirely automatic.
with the customer being shorn.
shaved and showed electronically-
without benefit of confidential ad-
vice on the horses, politics or base
ball? Science Is wonderful, but the
idea seems too fantastic to work up
a lather over at this time.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

The accusations delivered by Mime.
Sun Yat-sen, widow of the father Of the
Chinese republic, against "reactionary"
elements in the Kuomintang (Chinese
national party were received with mild
interest in Washington, where the back
ground of Nine. Sun and her famous
husband are readily recalled.
Whatever substance there may be in
Nine. Suns charges that American re
actionaries' are allied with Kuomintang
''reactionaries" in fostering war between
the United States and Russia as means
OF preserving Kuomintang control of
China. the party line character of her
remarks was quickly discerned.
Nine. Suns husband evolved a pro-
gram for China which was founded on
nationalism, democracy and socialism.
1t was program which appealed to the
leftist, radical elements in the Chinese
political sphere, although DR.. Sun came
to be revered generally by the Chinese
The Communists have made much of his
philosophy ever since they came to
power In Russia and began to extend
their influence into that great conglom-
crate mass which makes up China.
xA 4
Thus 1t is with knowledge of Nine
Suns traditional association that her
blast against the Kuomintang elements
is received. She is scarcely to be re-
garded as an impartial voice, expressing
the true needs of her country Rather
Is she to be regarded as partisan voice,
speaking in the interest of one faction
of China's raging political battle.
The timing of her outburst Is signif-
icant, too, coming as 1t does at mo-
ment when Generalissimo Chang Kai-
shek's forces have launched a fresh
campaign to eradicate Communist forces
in the Yangtze Valley. The inference
to be drawn is that she is seeking Amer
lean pressure to stop the offensive of
the Chinese Nationalists against the
Communists
Nine. Suns declaration was directed
chiefly for foreign-and American
consumption, delivered, as it was, in
the form of an interview with the for
eign press. She was not speaking to
the people of China, but to the Ameri-
can people. who. she hopes. will force
the American Government to abandon
its support of the Chinese Nationalists
who comprise the present government.
That this pressure for cessation of
American aid to the Chinese govern
ment may be bearing fruit is indicated
in Washington dispatches.
The task of Gen. George C. Marshall,
the special American envoy in China,
Evening star., 1946-07-24
Kin

Bro1on treckles that sttppied his ta.pny
skin
Made the boy and the golden ta,cn seem
kin
So that one small creature looked at tbs
other
And, each draton by the tie OF the some
earth mother,
Stood bredthheld and still, not toantfro
to stir
Though parrtdges rose ,pith a sudden
Dhir
OF startled tDings and red squirrel ran
To squat in larch- bough's tasctcle fan
And send tDdrning signals doWn the blue
air
Which the ja,Dn didn't heed In the
shddotpS Uhere
A bro1on lad faced him and understood
That they both belonged In the SUM-
speckled ,pood,
Pine-needled, Leaf f-mossed, tDind -souohed
and fern-cool,
ne-dGppled apith lupines and ons
polm-cupped pool,
Where primeDnI urge had brought them
together,
A boy and fa,on In the peachblo,o
tDeatheri ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1946-07-24
America in Chino

In declaring that American reac-
tionaries are teaming up with Chi
nese reactionaries" and that the
latter are trying to stir up civil war
in China in order to provoke armed
conflict between Russia and the
United States. Nine. Sun Yat-Sen
tends to support a simultaneous
charge by the Moscow radio that we
are seeking economic and political
dominance in the Far East by foster
ing bloody strife between Generals
simo Chiang's Nationalist forces and
the Yenan Communists.
AS the widow of the founder of
the Chinese republic, Nine. Sun does
not see eye to eye with the Kuomin-
tang or the generalissimo who is her
-in-laW. But even though
she leans to the left and sympa-
thizes with the Communists, 1t is
difficult to understand how such
a distinguished and well-informed
woman can have the impression
that civil strife in China is attrib-
utable in part to the presence of
Americans. Yet this is her view, and
in expressing it she has moved close
to the Moscow line, which is COM
plete distortion of what we stand
for.
The record is clear enough, II
Nine. Sun cares to study it. Civil
strife in China is not something that
began in the past year with the ar
rival of American forces. 1t has
been raging there. off and on, for
the last two decades. and it Is def
initely not Of our making. On the
contrary, as Nine. Sun should know
and as the Russians should know
and probably do know but refuse to
Acknowledgment have been trying
as earnestly as possible to bring the
warning factions together, to unity
them politically and militarily, to
get them to agree to lay down their
arms and collaborate in establishing
peace and promoting economic bet
terment in their land
What, after all. is our policy in
China? AS restated only few weeks
ago by Undersecretary of State
Acheson, 1t has a short term objec-
tive and long-term objective. The
short-term objective Is simply to put
an end to the internal fighting and
to help the Chinese people begin
to recover from their devastating
struggle against Japan. The long
term objective is to work with them
in an effort to bring about a demo-
cratic government representative of
all parties and to go on from there
doing whatever we can to strengthen
them industrially and agriculturally
and to encourage their development
into nation capable OF taking care
of itself internally and of being a
force for world peace as a stabilizing
influence in Asia. This is the goal
General Marshall has been aiming
at in his long and patient effort, as
President Truman's special envoy, to
put a permanent end to the threat
of civil war by getting both sides to
live up to their agreements.
In short, our policy-which is by
no means designed to perpetuate
the one-party rule of the Kuomin-
tang-iS directed toward the very
goal envisioned by Nine. Sun. This
is to our own interest, of course, but
not in the sense suggested by Rus
sian propaganda. 1t is to our own
interest simply because a democratic
and prospering China can be a
powerful factor in maintaining a
good and enduring peace-the kind
OF peace that will benefit us materi-
ally and spiritually, just as 1t will
benefit the Chinese and the world at
large.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

Conudo and the Commonwealth
E Toronto Globe and Mail,

From the Toronto Globe and Mail
Our membership in and closest DOS
siole cooperation with the common
wealth are no longer matters of power
politics, so long the excuse for stunning
open contacts. Power politics exist. Be-
cause they exist We need the common
wealth and it needs U.s. 1t is matter
OF whether Canada is to be beneficiary
OF the great liberalizing influence which
the commonwealth represents or wheth-
er she keeps aloof and remains Just an
other small nation in a world of power
There is no middle" way. The COM
monwealth can be force in today's
world only as collective entity. United,
Its influence Is much greater than the
mere sum of the parts.
Evening star., 1946-07-24

however, before conditions are ideal.
The pay legislation, fortunately,
contains provision calling for a
long needed general study OF
teachers pay, with view to re-
classification of jobs and readjust-
ment of salaries as required. 1t is
to be hoped that the next Congress
will give further attention to the
pay problem, in the light of in
formation obtained in the reclas-
sification study.