davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-23
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

justment of disputed issues in accord
ance with the Charter of the United
Nations.
Marshal Stain took occasion to ex-
press the opinion that the present fear
of war is being fostered by certain
political groups engaged in the propa-
ganda of new war" He did not under
take to name these political groups.
However, the Russian press-and il is
government controlled-has recently
violently criticized all those who have
opposed Russia's moves on the interna-
tional political board. Marshal Stain
himself assailed bitterly former British
Prime Minister Winston Churchill for
his proposal that "fraternal associa-
ton" between the United States and
Britain be entered into. He dubbed Mr..
Churchill war monger because of The
Englishmans pointed remarks against
the course that Russia has been pursu-
ing.
Obviously, the present Stain state
ment is intended to ease the situation
and if that be its purpose and the intent
of Russia is really disclosed, the state
ment should be most welcome If the
WOit ia Gall tuIll llOlll tdlhlllS dDOut WAL
to talking about peace, the chances of
peace will be vastly improved. 1t has
never been difficult for an individual
or a nation to talk himself or itself
into fight.
Actions. however, mean more than
words. And it is toward the actions of
Russia since the completion of hostilities
in both Europe and the Pacific area that
criticism in this country and elsewhere
has been directed. Further, while Mar
shsl Stain is attacking propaganda of
certain political groups on the ground
that it is leading to war, Russian prope-
ganda, criticized by Britains FOREIGN
Minister Bevin during the London Sc
curity Council sessions, has been calcu-
lated to stir up more trouble in areas
where trouble already exists. Inde ID. it
has been calculated to inspire minor
tiles in some countries to direct action.
The attacks made by the Russians
against the presence of British troops
in Greece and Indonesia are cases in
point.
The proof of the pudding is in the
eating. The attitude of Russia and her
participation in the deliberations of the
Security Council can do more to dispel
the fear of new war than all the pro-
nouncements that emanate from Mos
cow.
Evening star., 1946-03-23

government in Bavaria will have a
force of only 1900 officers, enlisted
men and civilians by June /. This
is apart from the regular occupying
force, of course, but it is obviously
not enough for the job the AMG is
supposed to do to help the popula-
tion get back on a self-governing
basis. AS a result, the AMG is faced
with such necessities as trying in
one area, where there are 10000
Germans, to carry out it's work with
a staff of only three officers and two
enlisted men-an impossibility con-
sidering all the problems involved,
including the threat of famine.
The situation is the more serious
and discouraging because as the
correspondent points out, it tends
along with our general demobiliza-
ton policy-to create "a growing
feeling of insecurity on the part of
those Germans who have bravely
assumed the task of educating
the inarticulate masses in demo-
cratic ways" and who are we'll aware
that there are still plenty of venge-
full Nazis about. The situation re-
fleets weakened ability, on our
part, to follow through on what
was undertaken. We cannot afford
to be less watchful of our RESPONSE
bilities in Germany than Russia,
Britain or France.
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Stains Hopeful Words

In the present disturbed state of
the world, there is apt to be a
tendency to clutch at straws of hope.
Nevertheless, and with the fullest
allowance made for the possibility
of wishful thinking, the interview
which Marshal Stain has given to
Associated Press Reporter Eddy
Gilmore on the eve of the UNO
Security Council meeting in New
York constitutes the most hopeful
development of recent times.
The Council, at this session, will
! have to deal with the complaint
brought by Iran against the Soviet
Union, and those who had described
this as critical test" of the UNO
were not guilty of exaggeration.
Since the Russians had asked for a
postponement of the meeting,
request to which this Government
and the British would not accede,
fears had been expressed that the
U. S. S. R. might boycott the meet
ing or prevent effective action by
the Council through exercise of the
veto. In the light of Marshal Stalin's
statements, however, it seems un-
likely that any such course will be
followed.
Stating his own belief that
neither the nations nor their armies
are seeking another war;" the
Soviet leader said that he attaches
great Importance to the UNO, as
1t is a serious instrument for the
preservation of international peace
and security" Then he went on to
say that "the strength of this Or
ganization consists in that it is
based on the principle of equality
of states and not on the principle
of the domination of one state over
Others"
It may fairly be said that it is
difficult to reconcile the seemingly
plain meaning of this language with
some of the things that the Russians
are reported to have been doing in
Iran, Manchuria, Korea and other
places. But it may also be fair to
infer that the mounting firmness
OF western opposition to some of the
policies which Russia has been pur-
sui9g has convinced the Kremlin
that Soviet tactics have been unwise,
and that, in the long run, they would
prove inimical to Russia's real
interests.
In any event, Marshal Stain has
set the stage for what now promises
to be constructive meeting of the
Security Council If the Russians
demonstrate by action that they
are prepared to submit the Iranian
dispute to the Council, and if they
will abide by whatever decision
is reached, the world will have taken
long step forward toward that era
of peace and security which is so
earnestly desired by war-weary
peorleS
Evening star., 1946-03-23
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Brovn

The threat of French Foreign Min
lister Georges Bidault that unless the
United States grants France loan of
$2500 900 900, French foreign policy will
be reoriented toward Russia is received
with surprised amusement in Wash
ington.
1t is the first time, so far as trained
diplomats can remember, that leading
figure in foreign government has used
political threats" to blackjack another
government into giving loan.
Political pressure Is sometimes applied
in such negotiations, but they take the
form of veiled<hints dropped in private
conversations between interested ne
gotiators.
Those conversant with the situation
in France are convinced that Mr.. Bidault,
who in the past has shown himself
shrewd and able diplomat, has been
coerced into such blunder by his Com
munist colleagues. ~
In the last few weeks the Communist
movement in France, headed by Maurice
Thorez, has been extremely active. 1t
was under pressure from the Commun-
ist party that Mr.. Bidault was COM
PEELED to push the question of the over
throw of Generalissimo Franco much
further than other elements in the
French government intended 1t Is
known that Mr. Bidault would like to
see the matter soft-pedaled, but cannot
do SO because of the pressure on him.
The French representatives at the
UNO declare publicly that the only
real threat to the peace of the world
is the presence of Franco at the head of
the Spanish government and insist,
officially, that all the other questions,
such as that of Iran, are minor mat
tiers. Some of the delegates in private
conversation admit they are compelled
to adopt this attitude because the gov
ernment is forced to press this matter.
When asked by whom, they merely
shrug their shoulders.
The idea that the U. S. S. r., which
is seeking a loan here too, can aid
Frances economic reconstruction is
considered naive. Russia's offer to sell
France 100000 tons of wheat and 100000
tons of barley in compliance with Mr..
Thorezs request has already boomer
anged.
1t appears that the French govern
Evening star., 1946-03-23

tions do not enjoy, and should not
enjoy. The civilian Secretaries of War
and the Navy are the proper channels
OF military access to the President, and
should so remain. 1t is true that there
was tendency to short-circuit this
process during the war, but a great
many things are done in this republic
in war which ought not to be done and
must not be done in peacetime.
y X *
Yet the necessity remains for making
sure that the military voice shall be
properly heard and considered in this
vital matter of the domestic control of
atomic energy-and the fact remains
that so far the only practical applica-
ton OF atomic energy which has actually
been worked out is its use as a weapon
Its civilian uses lie well in the future.
1t seems to me that we have here just
one more proof of the need for the
creation of a national security council,
under the Craftsmanship of the Presi-
dent, to consist of the Secretaries of
State, War and Navy and the Secretary
of the new Air Department when that
has been created as it ought to be
created. An essential subordinate
agency OF this council would be scien-
tiflc research and development commit
tee, composed partly of military officers
and partly of civilians. The civilian
chairman of this committee, directly
responsible to the national security
council, might then be made, by law,
member of the Atomic Commission,
and he would of course have staff of
military advisers to help him in that
duty. This would preserve the proper
channels of constituted authority and
responsibility: it would keep the Nation
al Security Council in constant touch
with the day-to-day work Of the Atomic
Commission; and it would provide for
the immediate discussion by the Ma
tional Security Council of anything the
Atomic Commission might do which
could be dangerous to ''the common de-
tense and security with immediate
access to the President, if necessary,
through proper channels. 1t would like
wise keep the Atomic Commission adj
vised of the trend of policy and act as a
check on its courses Of action without
in any way interfering with its proper
freedom of decision. Furthermore this
procedure has the virtue of simplicity,
and of the avoidance Of unnecessary
friction.
(copyright, 1e46.l
Evening star., 1946-03-23

ment had taken seriously the Moscow
promise, and asked America to rush
ships to take the precious cargo from
the Black Sea to Marseilles. The ships
are on their way back empty. There
was no wheat, or for that matter any
thing else, on the Odessa wharves.
The same thing is likely to happen If
France sells, as Bidault stated, her
from Russia. There is no question that
the U. s. S. r. has sufficient gold to ex-
tend cash loan to France. But money
alone is of no avail these days.
The cash France needs today is for
the purchase of food, factory tools and
raw materials for the reconstructed fac
tories in order to put her economy in
order. These are lacking in Russia
almost as much as in France.
Leon Blum, the former Socialist Prime
Minister who is in Washington sounding
out the American Government about a
$4,000, 900 900 loan, has found little en-
couragement so far.
The doubt in some official quarters
and among many members of Congress,
about the wisdom of loaning France
such sum, is not due to the fact that
this country is reluctant to help, but is
caused by the political uncertainties
which are reported to exist in France
today.
The American negotiators are fully
aware that France must have an i'm
portant sum not only to purchase pro-
ducts for the economic rehabilitation of
the country, but also to prevent the COL
lapse of the franc. If the French cur
rency remains unsupported, grave social
disorders may be expected.
But so far as is known, neither Mr..
Blum nor reports from Paris and other
parts of France have reassured the
United States that the political and
social gangrene, which seems to have
spread throughout that country, is
likely to be arrested by substantial
loan. The unwise statement Of Mr..
Bidault has not helped matters, either.
The only thing Mr.. Bidault has
achieved here is to strengthen the fear
that France is on the verge of political
upheaval which makes that country
bad risk from the banking point OF view.
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Justice for q Courageous Group
From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

from the ST. Louis PoSt-DiSpatch.
Who is better entitled to American
citizenship than men who risked their
lives, whether in battle or in the in
telligence services, to help win the war?
Soldiers of alien birth are entitled to
citizenship because of their military
service, but not men who were in nom
military agencies such as the Office
of Strategic Services. This exclusion
does an injustice to rion-citizen Amer
leans of Japanese descent, who faced
execution as traitors If captured by
the Mikado's troops, and now find they
are ineligible for citizenship
The American Committee for Protec-
tion of Foreign-Born has a good cause
in petitioning Congress to permit the
naturalization of all who participated
actively in support of the war. Ger
talnly these men have met the first
test of loyalty by showing readiness to
sacrifice their lives for the country of
their adoption. The naturalization
privilege would be an act of Justice to
them, and means of adding citizens of
good promise to our population.
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Lost GreeIy Survivor

The story of the expedition to the
Arctic led by Lieutenant Adolphus
w. Greedy will not die with the
passing of Brigadier General David
L. Brainard, the last of its survivors.
1t long ago became part of the COM
mon stock of public interest and
discussion which the American
people naturally have developed over
the centuries. Generations hence
the tale will be told and retold very
much as it was while the six of
its heroes who returned remained
alive.
Nothing of authentic worth, how
ever, is likely to be added in decades
to come. More or less definitive
reports were published by Greely
. and by the leader of the rescuers,
Commander Winfield Scott Schley.
The unofficial" literature on the
subject. runs to thousands of titles.
Some of it, inevitably, is critical.
But the expedition was planned with
care, and it did succeed The notion
that the whole venture was an error
is itself a mistake What caused
disaster was the failure of two supply
ships to reach the points to which
they were dispatched in 1882 and
1883. The relief expedition of 1884
found seven of the original group
of twenty-five men on Cape Sabine.
One soldier had been executed for
thieving, one died on board the
rescue ship, 'lack of food, harsh
polar weather, close confinement
and growing despair" accounted for
seventeen others. The tragedy
shocked the world.
Yet the net result was construc-
tive. The Greely party had reached
the fartheSt northern latitude at
tanned by any explorer up to that
date. It had examined and roughly
but effectively mapped six thousand
square miles of newly discovered
land, kept valuable day-to-day me-
neurological records, studied animal,
bird and fish life, gathered wealth
of scientific data which was to be of
use to those who followed them into
the polar zone long after their own
experience there had closed in sorrow
but not in Illustration.
General Brainard was an officer of
distinction who well deserved the
shonors which his country, many
6arneG societies at home and abroad
Evening star., 1946-03-23

On the eve of the scheduled opening
of the sessions Of the United Nations
Security Council in New York Prime
Minister Stain Of Soviet Russia made
an unqualified declaration in support of
the new organization for peace. He
coupled with this an opinion that
neither nations nor their armies are
seeking another War"-and this includes
Russia.
These assertions by the dominant
figure in Soviet Russia naturally were
regarded with satisfaction by Admin
istration and Congressional leaders ir-
respective of party. If, however, Mar
shal Stain is intent upon making a
success of the United Nations, it should
follow that he and the country which
he represents will be ready to have dis
putes which arise between all nations,
including Russia, thoroughly ventilated
in meetings of the Security Council so
that peaceful solutions may be reached.
This goes for the current dispute be-
tween Russia and Iran.
1t is true that at the London meet
ing of the Security Council the Iranian
case was discussed at length and with
heat, and that in the end Russia had
AACA way AldteC1 Wdo lStt w 41CBO-
tiation between the two countries To
date, however, these negotiations have
not succeeded. The representatives of
the Iranian government, in fact, say
fatty that all efforts to bring about an
adjustment of the differences have
failed. They have insisted that the
case be reopened by the Security Coun-
Gil. Moreover, they point out. Russia
has not withdrawn her troops from
Iranian territory. although obligated to
do so on March under the terms of
a tripartite treaty.
Marshal Stains statement on the
world situation was made in answer to
questions propounded to him by Eddy
Gilmore, foreign correspondent of the
Associated Press. If the Soviet govern
ment will match these declarations of
policy with concrete action, the fear of
new war, which has gained headway
in recent weeks and months, will evap-
crate. This does not mean that Russia
should not present its own cause and
get hearing. But it does mean that
there should be elimination of moves,
sometimes accompanied by military
forces, which seem to indicate a deter
mination to achieve Russia's ends by
war, If necessary, without a full hear
ing OF other parties. and the proper ad-
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Military Advice Needed
By George Fielding Eliot

1t is vital principle of American
Government that the top decisions of
national policy should be made by
civilians-that the military should be
made subordinate to the civil authority
1t is, however, essential to the ma
tional security that military advice
should be far more carefully consid-
cred in the formulation of national
policy than has ever been the case be-
fore. This is SO because hereafter we
shall not have time to rectify our
errors in this field after they have
become apparent, as heretofore we have
always been able to do.
The need for reconciling these two
factors is at the root of the current
dispute over the domestic control of
atomic energy.
Senator Mcmahon wants an atomic
commission of wide powers, composed
Of five civilians appointed by the Presi-
dent, with the military forces occupying
a purely advisory status: Save that he
has expressed a willingness that the
Secretaries OF War and Navy should be
members of the commission.
Senator vandenberg, supported by the
other nine members of the Senate COM
AAAeVSS Va 1SAldkOA INSN4dIlOll lS
chairman, proposes military liaison
board composed of representatives of
the War and Navy Departments. with
rather extensive powers of its own Ac-
cording to Senator Vandenberg's amend
ment, the atomic commission would be
required to advise and consult with the
military haison) board on all matters
which the board deems to relate to the
common defense and security" The
board would have full opportunity to
acquaint itself with all matters before
the commission" and to make written
recommendation to the commission.
Finally, according to the vandenberg
amendment, 'if the board at any time
concludes that any action or proposed
action Of the commission, or failure to
act by the commission, is inimical to
the common defense and security, the
board may appeal such actions or pro-
posed actions of the commission to the
President, whose decision shall be final"
This last provision seems to me to
be, In principle, open to very serious
objection. It gives legal authority to a
board Of military officers to have direct
access on Its own initiative to the Presi-
dent. . privilege which even the chief
Of star and the chief Of naval opera
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Goods for Goods
From the Christian Science Monitor.

From the Christian Science Monitor
In the degree that currency difficulties
added to the general economic crisis.
and thus to the political crisis that
brought on war, the Breton Woods pro-
gram can contribute to future peace.
Yet we need to remind ourselves that
high tariffs and other devices to hinder
trade can exist alongside the Breton
Woods institutions, and can operate to
their detriment. Like the money we
spend at the grocer's or bakers, the
various currencies in the international
pool are only mediums of exchange
the real exchange being an exchange of
goods. The general understanding of
one basic and simple fact can do more
to make the Breton Woods program
an international success and bulwark
of peace than any amount of study of
the technical operations of these agen-
cies. This fact is that trade is the ex-
change of goods for goods-with money
the measure of value and mere con-
yenience
Evening star., 1946-03-23

and his neighbors and friends in
Washington gladly paid to him for
his achievements. AL his talents
were devoted to the common good.
He contributed to the expansion Of
human control of circumstance.
For that he surely will be remem-
bered both in association with the
Greely party and independently.
Evening star., 1946-03-23

Goering testified that Field Mar
shall Keitel asked for command of
a single division instead of an army.
No doubt the brilliant Nazi strate-
gist figured that would have been
the best way to have fewer men
thoroughly defeated.
Evening star., 1946-03-23
Song for Impotence

Wake tDhen life giDes
The ,Duking sign:
Tomorrou's tDine
Is on the Dine.
TomorroaD's bread
Lies in the land
As seeds sotDed BY
An earth-stdined hand.
Be not too early.
Your neW day
Rests in a sun
A tDorld a,Day.
All In good time
Will you be sped
To tonlorrotTs ,Dine,
Tomorro,Us bread.
ETHEL BARNETT DE VITO.
Evening star., 1946-03-23

Whatever has become of all those
last shirts that gamblers used to put
on horses?
Evening star., 1946-03-23


anxious to maintain the friendliest re-
lations with America and appreciate
very much American public opinion, I
think that your newspaper, which en-
joys such high moral credit, would not
hesitate to correct some inaccuracies
that occasionally might appear in Its
columns.
I am sorry that my absence from
Washington prevented me from sending
you this letter earlier. However, II you
think that it is too late now to publish
it, would be very much obliged if you
took in consideration the facts stated
above when Bulgaria's internal or ex-
ternal situation is again discussed in
your paper.
LII. GEN. w. STOYTCHEFF,
Bulgarian Political Representative to
the United States.
Editors note: We are glad to pub
lish the above letter as representing a
point of view. However, the editorial
with which Gen. Stoytcheff takes issue
discussed the State Departments policy
of nonrecognition of the present Bull
garian government as not conforming
to the Yalta formula. This policy was
adopted against factual background
which includes such well-known facts
as the roles played by the Soviet repre-
sentative, Vishinsky; the Russian mill
tary authorities and returned Comintern
Bulgarian members such as Dimitrov
and Tsola Dragoicheva. We cannot see
that the generals communication
changes the basic situation on which
the departments policy was formu-
lated)
Sunday Chicago bee. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1925-19??, 1946-10-13
WOmen'S Activities zz2zzzz
Council of Negro Women to
Hold Workshop Conference

Mission Society A.M.E. church !;
Women's Division of the I.B.P.O.-
E.W. Daughters of the Interna-
tional Order Of Elks) Sigma Gam
ma Rho sorority; Women's Parent
Mite Missionary society; Zeta Phi
Beta sorority; Madame G. J. Walk
er Mfg. Go. Association;
National Achievement c u b /;
National Democratic Women's AS
ISOLATION; Republican National AS
ISOLATION Of Women; Woman's
Army for National Defense; Won
ans Auxiliary to the National
Medical Association and Woman's
Auxiliary to the National Dental
Association.