davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-08-19

cial connections, II not Official support,
such as the Society for the Prevention
of World War III" attempted, and to
an extent succeeded, through immense
propaganda, in putting this policy over
on American public opinion
say apparently" thus qualifying
descriptions of our own Government
policy and of the Russian attitude, be-
cause this is supported by formidable
circumstantial evidence, which could be
dissipated or confirmed only by access
to records Of the meetings of the Big
Three
At any rate. whether our policy foun-
dered on being dominated by vicious
revengism or merely by being feeble
minded, which usually means the same
thing: whether the Russians treacher-
ously handed us the rope with which
to hang ourselves, by appearing to con-
form with our policy while intending
always to pursue another, or whether
the rope was handed us by American
advisers whose jealous hatred greatly
surpassed their intelligence, it is now
clear that the Soviets are playing their
own tune to the defeated nations, while
we are left with no tune at all.
y \
The U. s. s. r. is winning thus by our
stupidity, immortality, and default.
And Germany will be the critical and
decisive point. 1t is the German settle
ment to which the settlements being
discussed IN Paris are anticipatory and
on which they will be influential.
Within the last few days I have re-
ceived the first candid, uncensored, sum-
married reDOrt m all CsArunon ,opas
from a person whose competence and
integrity are not open to question and
who has been during the past year in
every zone for weeks, not as an outside
observer but as one with intimate in
ternal knowledge and connections. This
person Is . survivor of the German
anti-NaM Undergraduate a Commu-
nistic one but one naturally oriented
toward Western civilization-whose rec
ord was so well known to all the Allies
as to win unique opportunities to travel
throughout the Reich.
The report is objective, dispassionate,
and extremely disquieting, especially for
the west. 1t Is my intention to share
this information in future columns with
the American people, with only such
deletions as will protect my correspond
ent.
Unless we radically change our policy
toward the defeated, we eventually shall
see Russia. Germany, and the rest of
Europe lined up together against the
English-speaking world.
When that happens Americans will
cover in caves or surrender their free
dom-perhaps forever.
(Released by The Bell Syndicate, 1nc)
Evening star., 1946-08-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Broun

which stood with Britain In many cases
against Russian aspirations Is far from
the power she was in the 18th century.
Which leaves Britain and the United
States-which had always been a mild
ly interested spectator in high Euro
pean politics-the only real bastions Of
resistance to Russian expansionism.
An interesting sidelight to the Russian
demand for revision Of the Montreux
convention is the concurrent maneu-
ve.ing going on at the Paris Conference.
There Bulgaria, one Of the defeated Ak
is satellites for whom the conference is
supposed to draw up peace treaty, has
presented misunderstanding to the Gus
tom Of defeated nations at peace con-
ferences-for a corridor through Greek
territory to the Aegean. The effect Of
this would be to eliminate Greece
which the Russians link with the Anglo
Saxon bloc-as Black Sea power. This
then would limit the nations having a
and Romania in addition to Russia and
Turkey.
Such ascombination would spell GER
tain defeat for Turkey in any policy
which would run counter to Russias
only be regarded in their present state
as quasi-Russian territory and wholly
under Russian influence.
In any joint Russo Turkish defense
scheme for the straits the ingredients
would be 80 per cent Russian and 10 per
cent Turkish, with Turkey having to
put up with permanent Russian mill
tary and naval establishments on her
territory.
Turkey can accede to Russias de-
mands in these two respects only If she
has given up all hope of ability to escape
the Russian tide which is sweeping East
ern Europe and the Near East. That
in turn depends on what hope Britain
and the United States. give the Turks
Of support in their resistance to the
Russians. And therein lies the explo-
sive situation which In significance for
the future oyershadows the Paris Con-
ference.
American concern over the matter is
real but evidenced by little that is to
be seen in the Nations press. There
are many reasons for officially soft
pedalling our involvement in the situa-
ton, for We already have too many
points Of bitter issue with the Russians
which are OF more immediate concern.
But the American public must be aware
OF the potentialities Of the straits dis
pute for their own future, for one step
removed from the straits is the issue
OF control Of the Mediterranean and
with it naval supremacy in the Atlantic.
Evening star., 1946-08-19
Report on Germany

The current monthly report of
General Joseph T. McNarney, COM
mander of United States occupation
forces in Germany, is official con-
firmation of recent reports from
press correspondents and other quail
flied civilian observers concerning
the critical situation in the Reich.
This situation is basically due to the
failure of the occupying powers to
live up to the agreements arrived at
in principle at the Potsdam meeting
of year ago. And that failure, in
turn, is basically due to the non
cooperative and unilateral policy of
Soviet Russia, which seems to be
aiming at eventual domination of
the entire Reich under the nominal
control of local Communists whose
ascendancy is being promoted by
Moscow in every way.
General McNarney gives in detail
the Communist program for attain
ing control. There was first the
formation of the Soviet-sponsored
Socialist Unity party" through
merger" of the Communists and
Social Democrats in the Russian
zone, attained by strong-arm meth
DDS repudiated by German Social
Democrats in the other zones. The
party tactics consist of minimum
or short-range and a maximum or
long-range program. The former
envisages gaining political control
by the elimination of all opposition;
then the total destruction of any
thing sayoring of capitalism" and
the establishment of Communist
state on the familiar totalitarian
pattern, including control of educa-
ton and all other aspects of public
life.
The general points out that this
Moscow-sponsored scheme is strongly
opposed outside the Russian zone,
not only by the Social Democrats,
but by other political parties. The
Christian Democrats Sharply reject
MARKHAM socialism," while the Lib
eral Democrats stress the sanctity
of private property and private en-
terprise." The general thus sets
forth both the cleavage between
democratic and totalitarian ideol-
ogies in Germany and the lineup of
their respective adherents within
Germany itself.
! This report from our commander
Evening star., 1946-08-19

in Germany should be read in con-
junction with the simultaneous re-
port from General Mark Clark, our
commander in Austria, which sets
forth the same clash between the
Soviet authorities and ours. Both
are, In turn, parts OF larger whole,
wherein the Soviet Union and the
western democracies appear to be
lined up against each other through
out the globe.
Evening star., 1946-08-19

The Paris Peace Conference Is pro-
viding spectacular headlines for the
world press and holds world attention
as the repository of hope for lasting
peace. In actual influence on the future
and in the minds OF those who guide
world relations, however, the conference
is overshadowed by the Russo Turkish
breach, which grows deeper as fresh
issues come to the surface
The latest of these issues-which,
however, is but part of larger issue
is the Russian demand for control of
the Dardanelles by the Black Sea powers
and for joint Russo Turkish defense of
the strategic straits. The latter Of these
demands is closely associated with Rus
sia's still informally presented demand
for cession of the Turkish Armenian
provinces Of Kars and Ordahan.
The broader issue Of which the Dar-
danelles Is but one facet Is the Soviet
intention to convert the Mediterranean
into a Russian lake, and thereby to
gain strategic position in the Atlantic.
Although Catherine the Great cast
longing eyes at the Turkish straits and
her successors on the Russian throne
never ceased trying to acquire control
of them, the Russian CZars never had
such dreams of imperial power as do
the masters of the Kremlin in this fifth
decade Of the Goth century.
Russia has reached out to grasp the
straits on numerous occasions and al
most had them at the end of the
Russo Turkish war in 1878. Russia
would have had them then if Bismarck
had not forced the issue and summoned
the Congress of Berlin, which over
threw the Treaty of San Stefano term
mating that war.
As the Ottoman Empire dwindled and
the Turk was forced out of Europe, the
struggle became one between the Con-
cert of Europe to prevent the Russian
or Austria Hungarian governments from
acquiring superior strategic advantage,
particularly with respect to the straits.
Britain, with her superior Mediter-
ranean position, was the leader in this
effort to keep the spoils of Turkey from
the hands of what were then the two
great imperial governments of Europe.
The relative positions are somewhat
different today, but the fundamental
principle is the same, except that it is
intensified by Russian ambitions which
would have made the Cars look like
pikers.
Turkey is no longer the sick man Of
Europe, but virile young republic, al
belt of limited strength and resources.
There is no Austria Hungary or ascend
ant Germany to juggle into the scales
against the Russians. Even France.
Evening star., 1946-08-19
What Is the Wisconsin Idea?
BY Raym Molev,

Those who believe the voice Of the
people to be the expression Of occult
wisdom will have hard time RATIONAL
izing the recent Wisconsin primary. The
voters rejected capacity and long ex-
perience in favor Of candidate with
no discernible distinction in statecraft.
1t could hardly have been due to
Senator La Follette's prewar isolation
ism alone, for all observers Of recent
primaries say that what was said on
that subject five years ago is OF little
concern to voters now. It could have
had little to do with La Follette's
liberal economic views, for by COM
parison with current New Dealers, La
Toilette is a conservative. 1t could
hardly be attributed to La Follette's
neglect of his constituents, because no
Senator ever thought more consistently
of the home folks. 1t may have been
due, in part, to the hostility Of many
Polish American and Catholic voters
who felt that La Toilette was too SYM
pathetic toward Russia. But that could
hardly explain the whole OF what hap
pened.
What makes the result most strange
was the vote In the same primary for
the aged Gov. Goodland. Despite the
protests OF some people, 1t is distinctly
legitimate to write and talk about
candidates physical qualifications for
office. In Gov. Goodland's case, 1t was
clear to intelligent observers that no
man OF such age and abated vigor could
effectively govern great State. That
fact, may add, has been clear to
Governors of other States who have
seen the octogenarian statesman at
Governors conferences. Apparently,
about all Goodland could do in the
campaign was to summon the energy
to say that he was still young enough
to be Governor.
Evening star., 1946-08-19
News From Argentina

There are many residents of
Buenos Aires who believe that the
people in the United States have
not been getting fair report of
the news from Argentina That
this belief should be entertained by
the supporters of President Peron
is to be expected, and their views
may be discounted. But it is not so
easy to brush aside the opinions Of
others, who though firmly opposed
to Peron and his policies are just as
emphatic in asserting their belief
that many of the news dispatches
going to the States from Argentina
are biased and distorted.
The recent incident of the Nor
wegian quislings" may furnish a
case in point. This story appeared
last Thursday in dispatch from
Buenos Aires which said that 1000
Norwegian "quislings" would be
permitted to settle in Argentina
under an immigration program be-
ing worked out by DR.. Santiago M.
Peralta, director of migration for
Argentina.
The story was phrased in such
manner that the casual reader
would get the impression that DR..
Peralta had used the word "quis-
lings" to describe the prospective
immigrants. But upon careful read
ing 1t appears that this impression
might be erroneous. Although the
Argentine official was quoted at
some length in the dispatch the
word "quisling" did not appear in
the context of any quoted matter
attributed to him, and it is entirely
possible, if not probable, that the
word was used by the reporter as
a personal Interpretation OF what
DR.. Peralta had said. This inference
is supported by the unlikelihood
that the Norwegians would let a
thousand quislings evade punish
ment by going to Argentina, that it
would be an act of astonishing
stupidity on the part OF DR.. Peralta
to use the word in reference to these
prospective immigrants, and by the
fact, for what it may be worth, that
in a subsequent interview with the
Associated Press he denied making
such a statement.
These considerations were either
overlooked or ignored by a number
of American newspapers. Headline
writers accepted the "quisling" YER
sion without any reservation, and
several editorials, ignoring the
Peralta denial, seized upon the
ambiguous dispatch as conclusive
evidence that the Nazi philosophy
still prevails in Argentina.
This may be the case, but 1t is not
established by the quisling dispatch.
For that story was an example Of
poor newspaper work In that it
seemed to attribute a Nazilike
statement to DR.. Peralta without
presenting any specific language
from him to support that impress
sion. And if, as a matter of fact,
the word "quisling" was the re-
porter's and not DR.. Peralta's, then
an unjust and preiudicial impress
sion of Argentina has been created
in this country and the Argentines
have one more item to add to their
bill of complaint against American
Journalism.
Evening star., 1946-08-19

young clergyman who really tried
to live in harmony with the teach
ings of Christ. Without suggestion
OF irreverance let it frankly be said
that was what Mr.. Pollock himself
tried to do. OF course, he neces-
sarily compromised with Mammon;
much of his labor was wasted on
ephemeral assignments and many
Of his fondest hopes were destined
to Illustration. But some of his
dreams came true, and that is all
that matters now that his career
has ended.
Evening star., 1946-08-19

But the people have decreed that
shall 60 out. They have done this,
despite the fact that La Follette's long
service In the Senate has given him
position Of seniority which, under the
rules, enables him to get much more
for his State than many other Senators
can get for theirs and which a new
conner can get only after many years.
Although La Toilette is not an old
man, he has served 81 years as Sen
ator and several years before that as
his fathers secretary. Only Senator'S
McKelar, Walsh, Capper, George, Ship
stead, Wheeler and Gerry have served
longer. His position of seniority on
committees is important, and in case
OF Republican control, he would have
been one of the most influential men
in the Government. He is, in the present
Senate, the highest ranking minority
member OF the Finance. Education and
Labor, Manufacturers, and Indian AZ
fairs Committees. On the Foreign Re-
lations Committee he Is second to
Senator Capper. AL the advantage in
volved in this seniority the voters have
rejected. The Senator they elect in
November must start at the bottom Of
the list.
- +
And seniority Is not ALL The quiet
but solid achievements of La Toilette
are known and respected by every ex-
pert student Of government. In body
where industry is not too plentiful, he
has been a hard worker His name has
been associated with q good deal of
constructive legislation. He is serious,
almost painfully serious. He spent years
on the dry but extremely important
subject Of streamlining Congress and
only this year saw his plan enacted
into law. His defeat is q National loss.
Released By Associated Newspapers. lns.,
Evening star., 1946-08-19
Chonninq Pollock

washing VIII was GIlc BACKGROUND
from which Charming Pollock
emerged into national prominence
while still but a young man. Born
March 4, 1880, he always claimed
the Nations Capital as his native
city. His father was a newspaper
man, and the son grew up in the
atmosphere Of the working press
and never quite escaped from it
or wanted to. He wrote theater
notes for the Washington Post when
he was only sixteen and was the
drama critic of the Washington
Times at twenty. The weekly ORA
matte Mirror, however, gave him
a larger field for his endeavors, and
publicity service to Florenz Ziegfeld.
William A. Brady and the Shuberts
furnished him with opportunities to
know the metropolitan theater
world intimately. His first original
play was "A Game of Hearts; his
first distinctive success "The PITT:
subsequent achievements "In the
Bishops Carriage" "The Enemy"
"The Sign on the Door" and, most
notably, "The Fool" which had long
runs in New York, London, Berlin
and Vienna. The most durable of
his fugitive productions probably
was Fannie Brice's song, my Man"
His novels, essays, memoirs and his
letters to the press on the problems
and issues Of his day, however, are
not inconsequential contributions to
the annals OF the age.
Mr.. Pollock, briefly, was a person
consistently and expansively busy
all his life. Like at least few other
self-made geniuses he was possessed
of an instructive humanitarian slant,
Having been an underdog, he SYM
pathized with underdogs as a class
and sought to help them. The quality
for which he is most apt to be re-
membered was an attitude toward
human experience. He believed that
people suffer to purpose, not use
lessly. In a correlative sense he
had faith that only slowly, patti
emily and by arduous endeavor
could humanity accomplish lasting
changes for the better in its condi-
ton. He was skeptical of made-to-
order schemes for social revolution
The exceSseS of militant COM
munism filled him with horror. Yet
he was no reactionary, even though
on occasion he was driven into
ultraconservative positions. Possibly
the best appraisal of him that is
feasible at the moment of his pass
ing would be to bracket him with
Joseph Howard and Florence Night
ingale, Charles Dickens, Ben Lind
sey and Jane Addams. He belonged
in the company of those reformers
rather than among the less liberal,
less tolerant radicals who were his
noisier contemporaries.
1t was inevitable that he fire.
quently was misunderstood. The
plot of "The Fool" almost surely
has photographed connotations
It chronicles the sufferings OF a
Evening star., 1946-08-19
Letters to The Star
Booker T. Washington Coins
To Aid Negro Youth
20 the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The National Urban League recently
released a study that it made of Negro
workers in the building trades in Sc
lected cities. This study indicates the
serious need for trade and industrial
training as advocated by Booker T.
Washington.
As an example of the employment op-
! portunities offered in this field. Wilson
Wyatt, administrator of the National
Housing Agency, is quoted as saying
that 100000 additional workers will
have to be recruited and trained by the
middle of 1947. 1t further is advised
by Mr.. Wyatt that "a large-scale ap-
prentice program be undertaken
promptly to produce the skills that are
necessary"
During the past 20 years, according
to the urban leagues study, the num-
ber Of Negro mechanics steadily has
declined. Fewer Negroes were appren-
ticed in the building trades and such
vocational training as was available
did not stimulate Negro boys to develop
skills in these trades" The report fur
ther states that "the number of Negro
youth and veterans enrolled in train
ing programs is almost negligible, large
ly because of lack of training facilities. :"
II the Negro is to contribute his
share to this grave national need, he
must be given opportunities for trade
and industrial training, and it must be
eiynro of in
educational status of the masses of
Negroes. A program along these lines
was mapped out by Booker r. Wash
ington nearly 65 years ago. The grave
needs of the times indicate the wisdom
of his planning.
The Booker T. Washington Birthplace
Memorial, Inc, is working to establish
at his birthplace in Franklin County,
Va. an industrial training school in
keeping with the ideals and teachings
Of this great leader and planned to
serve the needs of Negroes below high
school and college levels. The Congress
Of the United States, recognizing the
need for and soundness Of such an in
dustrial training program. recently
passed bill to mint 100000 Booker
T. washington 50-cent pieces. These
are to be sold at 81 each and the funds
thus realized are to be used in helping
to establish this type of service me-
mortal to make possible the carrying
on Of Booker T. Washington's unfin-
ished job of helping the man farthest
down." S. ]. PHILLIPS,
President, Booker T. Washington Birth
place Memorial.
Evening star., 1946-08-19
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

The debates in the Peace Conference
make abundantly clear what Is going
on. Far from being a conference of
Allies basically unified in their plans
and views, it has become a sounding
board from which the U. S. S. r. Is at
tempting to win to itself the defeated
peoples, through the default of a west
ern policy. All the correspondents rec
ogniZe this by now.
Assisted by its team-Poland, Yugo-
slavia, Czechoslovakia-the most open
overtures are being made to the former
enemy states, with the clearest impli-
cations that all who ally themselves
with the U. S. S. r. will be rewarded
while those who hitch their hopes to
the west will be disappointed. In fact,
one receives from time to time the i'm
preston that it is not the ex-enemies
who are sitting in the dock, waiting to
be sentenced, but the United States and
Great Britain.
But denouncing this situation is not,
likely to help, for, unfortunately, the
western powers do not have q compre-
hensible European policy, either idealis-
tically or realistically, from the view
point of their own interests. The Rus
sian concept of winning war has, at
least, the merit of clarity and classical
simplicity. 1t is to add the ex-enemy's
industrial. military and population
strength to its own, against any possible
or conceivable future enemy or combi-
nation of enemies, and to do this with
both honey and iron-by offering hope,
instilling fear, and using willy di-
plomacy to preclude any alternative.
Success in this requires that the
western powers, toward whom, initially,
all Europe was oriented, should be per-
suaded to demobilize themselves, actu-
ally and morally. This we have been
doing, grasping at the Russian rope in
order to hang ourselves. I know OF no
analogy in world history to the Ameri-
can default of leadership and basic
self-interest at the very summit Of
power.
The central point Of this unequal con-
test Is Germany and here 1t Is entirely
futile to blame the Russians. The Rus
slams did not create the Morgenthau
plan. The Russians never committed
themselves to the disintegration of the
Reich.
In fact, if don't quote me" reports can
be credited, which reach our ears from
persons present in minor capacities at
the various conferences where Germany
was discussed, the Russians opposed the
smash -and-run policy which President
Roosevelt apparently was persuaded to
accept advice of his own State De-
partment Organizations enjoying off,
Evening star., 1946-08-19
Sunday Picnickers

They pro,ol among these hills and taste
the dark
Wild grapes and tropn; they strip
blackberry pines
OF sun-stDeet fruit; they desecrote tbs
bark
OF elnps pith names and aYrotr-pdlen-
tines.
They let their children Suing upon and
break
Young saplings, and stampede and
trnmpIe do1Dn
The lace OF tUild blue chicory, and take
Bouquets to scatter on their ,pay to
toaDn.
Their bonfres run dmuck soon after they
Go home. The tpind returns to coar
the grass
To rise II 1t surDipes this holiday
OF paper plates and mud and broken
glass,
While wary birds take up their songs
again
Be,oildered By the treachery OF men.
COSTETTE MIDDLETON.