davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-22
Marriage License
Applicotions


one day. tDdit three tull days and
receive the license on the fifth
day. Sundays and holidays are
counted the same as other days.
Mark Reid: 80. 41s RAYMOND St. Chevy
Gss AVE- ad sRer aRa MaT9. sprna Msst a. us
Robert Stewart. SO, 6s57 Washington blvd,
Falls Church, Va, and Mary Townsend,
John dlsss' g. sBtnf 1fss 81 st. w. NV and Ruth
pors1d lander9th, %cn 2s' Arinston sd Farms Va.
Shirley Bennett 2s. Chatham. v Va. " and
Myrtle sE,it.t,J Jaaves' 22. 1417 N. 18th St,
aeorse Sausel.. 30 Richmond Hill, n. Y.
and Murielene Dorsey. 23. 1855 4oth
Johsny bo16 T9rnsr n; 5.S q and Matte
Audree Ha~fns. 25, is54 New WI Hamp, ano
y. both Of Norfolk. Va. "A "SN"'e'
Roseo Latimer. 5I. 200 200 < st. Sc, and
wsm as eafs e sYs sss pemsTey Hsassy St I'd
and Phyllis Cloninger. 90, $500 8. Sd
st, Arlington. Va.
Arlington. Va, and Elizabeth Marsden
VI, rs, 2iOd OdriS, n Kenmere sg s.. Arlington.
octtS opi' a. 80 nj ON rdfmSt va.
John Moran III. ~. Gloucester City, N J.,
and Lydia Israel, 21, 1858 Butterworth
pl. NV
Peter Nelli, 25 Trimountain. Mich, and
Tressie Dennison, "a, 4464 Alabam a
ave. Sc.
and Ruth Henry. %, 2714 31st St Sc
James Osborn, 30 22s E. Capitol st, and
Ruth Helm. II. 909 N. Wayne St. Ar
Wilmer Stark, 23, Fort Myer. Va. AND
C1arce Hite. ~ Arlington Farms, Va
Bernard White, IS, 5000 M pl Sc, and
Norma Bryant. 23. 915 Alabama ave
Edward Grimm, 80. Winchester, Va. snc
Katie Campbell, 26, 1915 22nd ST. NV
Howard Klemmer % Fort Myer Va and
Evening star., 1946-02-16
A Bid for Berchteseuden


For various reasons of national Sc
curity, Austria has announced intention
to claim a small piece of Germany as
prize of war. There may be another
reason why the Austrians would like to
own Berchtesgaden.
There is hardly a place In Europe
likely to attract more tourists when the
world settles down to peacetime WAYS.
BerchteSgaden was holiday resort be-
fore the world ever heard of Adolph
Hitler. It is surrounded by some of Eu-
ropes loveliest scenery Many young
Americans who have seen them will
admit the beauty of the mountains
called the Watznann Grippe and the
blue lake named Koenigsee They say
that Hitler showed good judgment when
he made his home among the Alps at
Obersalzburg.
In addition to scenery, there are ex-
traordinary attractions for tourists in
the neighborhood of Berchtesgaden.
There is the wreckage of Hitler's home
and the underground hideout behind
1t. High on the mountain top is the
Eagles Nest, untouched by war, though
stripped by souvenir seekers. Within
convenient distance are the former sum-
mer homes of Goering and Ribbentrop
and other Nazi notables.
Under new management the Berch-
tesgaden area may become one of the
worlds most popular Fairgrounds The
Austrians point to the map, which shows
the district jutting into Austria and
partly dividing the Province of Salz-
burg. They say the people of Berch-
tesgaoen never liked the Nazis, anyhow.
II tney did, they are not likely to men,
ton 1t when the map of Europe is made
over.
Evening star., 1946-02-16

both have weaknesses, a compromise
between the two would seem ad-
visable, or rather a combination of
the best features of each in a new
measure.
Thus, as advocated by the Presi-
dent, there could be an all-civilian
control body, but at the same time
there could be, as Mr.. Patterson
says, safeguards" to guarantee that
the military would not be "stran-
gers to what is going on" This
might be done by establishing
permanent liaison between the
Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
projected commission, to which the
Secretaries of War and Navy might
belong as ex officio members. In any
case, it is fairly obvious that the
armed services must keep up to the
minute with atomic energy and that
no legislation will be sound or safe
If 1t ignores that fact.
Evening star., 1946-02-16
Conviction of Hommu

The conviction by military COM
mission of Lieutenant General
Masaharu Homma on numerous war
atrocity counts, including response
bility for the ruthless Bataan death
march of 1912, was foregone con-
clusion to those, who have been
following developments in the
Manila trial. General Homma him
self had no illusions as to the out
come, according to press reports.
This is understandable, since HON.
mas dramatic appearance on the
witness stand had helped to seal
his own doom. During that ap-
pearance he conceded what the
prosecution already had sought to
establish by other testimony-that
Homma personally had ordered the
march that was to cost the lives of
approximately 1900 American and
$4,000 Filipino prisoners of war.
Moreover, unlike his fellow war
criminal, General Yamashita, HON.
ma frankly accepted moral re-
sponsibility" for any and all
atrocities committed by his men,
Evening star., 1946-02-16

were so concerned. This Is what hap
pened in 1926. Unions of civil servants
will be empowered to affiliate with the
Trades Union Congress. They would be.
although government servants, enabled
to take part in strike in which they
themselves were not directly involved.
This not only undermines the principle
which has prevailed in England that
a civil servant owes undivided allegiance
to the state, but encourages him to alle-
glance with organized labor.
One particular advantage which would
accrue to the Labor party is entirely
financial. Under the existing law the
members of labor unions are not COM
PEELED to make payment of levys to the
Labor-or Socialist-party unless they
volunteer to do so. Under the proposed
change in the law members of labor
unions would be compelled to take the
initiative and declare they did not wish
to pay these levys. This Is what the
British call contracting out" of the
payment Of political levy. Under the
present law, the union members con-
tract in"
It is estimated that at present there
are about 5000, 900 members of registered
trade unions with a political fund. In
the neighborhood of 2,225, 900 of these
members pay the levy as against $685.
600 who do not. Opponents of the re-
pealer bill figure that political party
the socialist party-funds would gain
about $4,000, 900 to $2,250,000 annually If
the law is changed. A tidy increase in
the political war chest of the party
now in control of the government.
Other objections to the bill are that
intimidation, apart from threat of vio-
lence, would no longer be prohibited,
and workers would no longer be pro-
tected from the picketing of their homes.
The opposition to the repeater bill
will make as tough fight as possible
against it's passage-though against
great odds British labor laws have,
on the whole, been more effective and
have brought about greater response
bility on the part of unions and their
leaders than have those in the United
States. There have been strikes in
Britain-in times of recent emergency.
But they have been nothing like the
wave of strikes that ran over the United
States before our entry into the war,
during the war, and since VI day.
Only an aroused public opinion in
Britain, and strongly aroused public
opinion, will have any real effect on
the fate of this labor bill in the House
of Commons. II the Labor government
carries out its plan to drive the meas
ure through, 1t seems sure to pass.
Evening star., 1946-02-16
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

At the same time that the Congress
of the United States is seeking to place
restrictions on strikes and violent pick
citing, the British House Of Commons,
under the leadership of the Labor
party's Prime Minister Attlee. is going
to strike down the Trade Disputes Act
of 1927-enacted, after Britain had suf-
fered a disastrous general strike, for the
purpose of preventing ever again such
an occurrence. In the United States
there has been a wave OF strikes which
threatens reconversion Of industry to
peace-time economy and the prosperity
of the people. Also, in the United States,
for a dozen years. there has been vir-
tually a labor government, although it
has gone under the name New Deal"
In Britain, on the other hand, labor
has come into control of the govern
ment in big way, through the elec-
tions of last August. Indeed, for the
first time In history the Labor party
more properly, the Socialist party-has
a real working ma jority in the House
of Commons.
One of the promises made by the
Socialists during the heated campaign
last summer was the repeal of the Labor
Disputes Act of 1927. The government
intends to live up to its promise made
in that campaign. A high official of
the present government told me on the
day the bill was introduced in London
that every effort would be made to put
through the repeater. He contended, in
deed, that the strike could and should
be used when necessary, as a political
weapon as well as weapon to gain the
ends of labor in a dispute with man
agement. He did say, however, that his
government did not believe that the
repeal of this act should be construed
as an invitation for or as making pos
sible another general strike.
X =
The conservative opposition in the
House of Commons, on the other hand
will make the shadow Of another gen.
eral strike principal argument against
the bill On its second reading. how
ever, the repeater was approved by
vote of 1863 to 1874, which virtually
assures its passage. For whatever the
Labor party leaders may say, 1t is
fact that If the repeal bill is enacted
unamended, Britain's labor laws will
be as they were before the general strike
of 1926. They did not and could not
prevent a general strike.
Here are some of the things which
will happen if the repeater takes effect.
"Sympathetic" strikes, outlawed at pres
ent, will become legal. Labor unions
not directly concerned in a dispute could
strike in support of other unions which
Evening star., 1946-02-16

British people are making a real and
honest effort to do something effective
about self-government for India and
for other colonial areas. He no longer
believes that freedom is dead wherever
the British flag flies. He does believe
it is dead, or at least enchained,
wherever the Russian flag flies. And
his interest in freedom for others is
no longer merely sentimental. 1t is
painfully individual. He believes it is
his only reliance for security against
another war. He believes that if we
are to have peace it will have to be a
peoples peace, based on the realization
by people everywhere that they have
everything to lose and nothing to gain
by war.
No American believes that the Amer
lean brand of democracy can be exported
to Russia. But he continues to worry
over Russian intentions and Russian
policy as long as they are made in the
Kremlin and not in the homes and
hearts Of the Russian people. That is
why, instinctively, he resists the idea
of Russian expansion.
This is plain speaking, and 1t should
be understood as clearly in Moscow
as 1t is in Kansas City, The Russians
seem to have misjudged the temper Of
the American people rather badly. The
Introduction of the Russian -Ukrainian
charges against British procedures in
Greece and Indonesia was an obvious
attempt to appeal to the court of Amer
lean public opinion and to- obscure,
in that court, the real issue over Iran.
It was an attempt to drive a. wedge
between American public opinion and
the British. AS such it was not success
full, and this lesson should be carefully
weighed in Moscow.
If the Soviet government is setting
out to follow the czars along the path of
empire, then the rulers Of Russia will
encounter increased resistance from the
American people at every step on that
path. It is because the American peo-
pie see increasing signs that the British
people are turning aside from that path
that the two are drawing closer to-
gether with every day that passes.
tCopyrisht. 194e, New York Tribune. IneJ
Evening star., 1946-02-16
Obviously Needed

Secretary of War Patterson is on
sound ground in warning against
legislation that would fail to give
the Army and Navy an adequate
voice in the future control and de-
velopment of atomic energy. The
logic of his. position is unassailable.
There is no subject more revolution
ary in terms of the Nations security,
and hence the military must deal
with 1t as matter of prime impor-
tance. Any other view simply does
not stand up under inspection.
AS he has just made clear to
the Special Senate Committee on
Atomic Energy, Mr.. Patterson is not
opposed to the idea of creating
domestic control commission made
up of civilians only, principle ia
vored by the President and en-
bodied in the bill introduced by
Chairman Mcmahon of the commit
tee. He insists, however, that this
bill, if adopted in it's present form,
would make the Army and Navy
"utter strangers to what is going
on" in the field of nuclear fission.
Though something of an exaggera-
ton, this criticism is not entirely
unjustif1ed, for nowhere in the
measure is there any provision for
active, constant or systematic con-
sultatiop or cooperative effort with
the armed services. On the con-
trary, except when otherwise directed
by the President, the commission
would be the sole controller and
custodian of the bomb and by
product weapons.
Mr.. Patterson himself favors the
May-JohnSon bill, which would set
up commission whose members
could include military personnel.
However, if the Mcmahon bill can
be criticized for being perhaps not
restrictive enough and for ignoring
the Army and Navy, this measure
can be and has been criticized for
setting up excessive secrecy regula-
tions and for placing too much en-
phasis on the armed services. Since
Evening star., 1946-02-16
Closer Anglo-American Ties
By George Fielding Eliot

It is only by thinking of American
foreign policy in terms of what the
American people will support over a
period of years that one can make any
sensible appraisal of what we can and
ought to do.
In a recent article pointed out
what seems to be the major foreign
policy objective of most Americans
the prevention of another war. I re-
marked that in seeking this objective
Americans would put their trust in
peoples rather than in individuals; that
they would seek, as opportunity offered,
to extend the areas Of government,
of free access to information, of eco
nomic stability for the common man.
These are, to American minds, the only
trustworthy safeguards of peace. When
our leaders move in these directions,
they have widespread support through
out the Nation; when they do not, they
encounter opposition, or at least indif-
ference.
Walter Lippmann has warned that
the American people will not support
Britain in a blind attempt to main
tain every inch of the empire. That is,
think, true. But 1t Is also true that the
American people will be unalterably
opposed to any attempt by the U. S.
S. r. to create new Soviet empire to
take the place of the British Empire
in the Middle East and the Mediter-
ranean area.
+ X 4
This is not because we are anti
Russian. 1t is not because we are pro-
British. We have used these terms too
much; they becloud our vision. The
real feeling in American hearts is that
more freedom, and not less, is the key
to safety; that the coming century, If it
is to be free of war, must indeed be
the century of the common man. We
have seen that extension of Russian
power means the shutting off of free
access to news and communications; it
means secret police, it means the sup
preston of all opposition to high
policy" it means the selection of few
to rule over the many. So Americans
do not like to see Russian expansion and
they cannot be made to like it.
On the other hand, the average Amer
ican is heartened by the signs that the
Evening star., 1946-02-16
First Session of UNO

The first session of the General
Assembly of the United Nations Or
ganization has terminated. It will
be next convened on September 8
in its temporary home in New York
City. With the record of it's initial
meeting thus completed, it is possible
to cast up at least a tentative bal
ance sheet of its performance.
Broadly speaking, the net balance
would seem to be in the black,
though the amount is not notable
one. The Assembly's president. Paul
Henri Spaak of Belgium, made
fair Characterization when he told
the delegates: Those who thought
that we would perform miracles are
disappointed, but those who under
stand the economic and political
problems left by the war will be
satisfied"
The chief gains of the session were
registered in the organizational
field. This is distinctly gratifying,
because the main purpose of this
initial meeting was to create the
operating machinery for UNO and
set it functioning. Virtually that
entire task. has been accomplished.
The General Assembly is a going
concern, with its committee system
and secretary general in the per-
son of Trygve Lie of Norway, who
is busy selecting his official family.
The Security Council has functioned
vigorously, handling an unexpect-
edly full docket of highly conten-
tious cases in a manner which per-
fectionists may criticize yet which
has avoided explosions that might
have wrecked the entire UNO at it's
very inception. Indeed, the way the
Council has stolen the limelight of
public attention has rather disap-
pointed the Assembly, many of
whose members had hoped to see
this body play the leading role. On
the other hand, the very depth of
the riffs which have been disclosed
between the great powers has done
much to quiet apprehensions of the
middle and smaller powers that the
big Three"-America Britain and
the Soviet Union-would effect a
mutual understanding for common
domination.
In the long run, perhaps the most
significant accomplishments have
been the setting up of those ancil-
larry organs of UNO provided for in
the Charter. These are the Interna-
tional Court of Justice, the Eco
nomic and Social Council and the
Military Staff and Atomic Energy
Committees which, though func-
tioning under the Security Council
rather than the Assembly, can
evolve into vital branches of the
general setup.
The decisive test of the viability
Of UNO may well come within the
period between the current Assem-
bly, adjournment and its next con-
vocation in September. Between
now and next autumn the mounting
crisis between the English speaking
democracies and the Soviet Union
should logically reach some sort of
climax. On the nature of that show
down the postwar future will largely
depend.
Evening star., 1946-02-16
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0wn

but were not able to move more than
about SO per cent of it across the border.
The Moscow government is now press
ing China for an economic agreement
which in essence is as follows:
Since the Red armies liberated Man.
churia, everything movable in that
former Jap puppet state belongs by
rights to the nberating country. This
justifles the transfer of portion Of
Manchurian industry to Siberia
The Russian government is willing to
divide equally with the Chinese govern
ment the remainder of the industrial
and mining establishments in Man
churia, which, according 70 the Sino-
Russian treaty, should come under the
sovereignty of the Chinese soon after the
liberating forces have been withdrawn.
The Russians demand, however, the
conclusion of an economic agreement
whereby the U. S. s. r. will have so
per cent share in all Manchurian in
dustries, before the Red armies return
to Siberia. That is to say, Russia in
sists on actually controlling rs per cent
of all the industry left in Manchuria by
the Japs and are keeping sufficient
army to enforce their demands.
\
Whether the Russian economic claims
extend to the rest of unified" China is
not clear yet. But the Chungking gov
ernment Is uneasy and feels that once
it has yielded to the Russian demands
on Manchuria, similar requests may
come from Moscow for a share in other
productive regions of China.
While the Central government is un-
willing to voice its discomfort officially,
Chinese newspapers in Chungking are
expressing the concern of the admin
istration. They recently attacked the
Yalta Conference, where, they say, China
seems to have been sold down the river.
According to usually well informed
quarters, China's future was discussed
at that conference, where so many secret
agreements were reached The Amer
lean representatives were deeply con-
cerned over the difficulties facing Gen.
Chang after the war.
1t was only after some definite ar
rangements were made by the Big Three
concerning the Chinese Eastern and
South Manchurian railways, the Port
Arthur naval base, the future of Korea
and the question of the Dairen free port
that the Kremlin began to smile at
Chungking.
Evening star., 1946-02-16
Redwood Forest

The signature OF past ANTIQUITIES
Is uritten on these columned boles that
stand
Like mystic ,Darders In some giants
land
Where time is reckoned by the height OF
trees.
These prone dead trunks, rotting by
sloto degrees
That hardly count the years, this
hunched old band
OF laurels, and this brooklet, alder.
spdnned,
Giue hint OF epochs pague vith mys-
teries.
And yet to him pho uie,Ds the feuthery
green
OF lady-tern, the bush azalea's phite,
The blush OF rhododendrons, and the
screen
OF lacy foliage phere the monarchs
loom,
The moods seem youthful as this
mornings light,
And buoyunt ,pith the centuries still to
bloom.
STANTON A. coBLENTz.
Evening star., 1946-02-16

The Chinese government is expressing
-unofhcially and in guarded terms-its
deep concern over the Manchurian sit
uation. Political and military leaders in
Chungking are reported to feel that the
Sino-Russian treaty of August, 1945, may
soon become another scrap of paper and
that Manchuria Is slipping away from
the Central government.
Unofficial approaches to Moscow have
elected the fact that because of trans
portation difficulties" the Red Armies
will not be able to evacuate Manchuria
until sometime early in the summer.
Meanwhile, new organizations opposed
to the Central government are being
set up in Inner Mongolia, an important
area which, according to the treaty,
should have passed long ago to the
Chungking authorities.
But what worries Generalissimo Chi
ang Kai-shek most Is the pressure put
on him by Moscow to sign an economic
agreement on Manchuria which would
in fact place that rich Chinese province
under complete control of the Soviet
government.
After the surrender of the japanese,
large Red forces were sent into Man
churia. They were accompanied by
specialists who dismantled large pro-
portion of the Japanese industrial es-
tablishments and shipped the movable
machinery to Siberia.
Only the buildings which had con-
tained the tools were left intact in some
cases. Large quantities of food have
also been sent across the border and
what is left must supply the occupation
forces first.
Weather conditions however, pre-
vented the Russians from moving all
the industrial facilities from Man
churia. Since the Japanese occupation
Of that province began in 1881, very
efficient industry had developed and
grew immensely in the two years pre-
ceding the Pearl Harbor attack.
During World War II the Japanese
industrialists further increased Man
churia's industrial capacity. The Japa-
nese war lords at one time thought
about moving the government from
Tokyo to the Chinese mainland, where
they hoped to be able to continue their
resistance indefinitely.
Thus, the Russians found most
highly developed industry in Manchuria,