Evening star., 1946-03-31
u. S. Adopts Firm Stand
For Justice Under UNO
Policy of Appeasement Ends as Every Effort
/; Possible Is Made to Guarantee Peace
Through World Organization
Bv Constantine BrOtOn


one road to lasting peace; The UNO,
which must remain super -organiza-
ton fully empowered to dispose of all
conflicts, arguments and frictions be-
tween all nations.
Unless the Soviet leaders are so utterly
misinformed about our determination
to do our utmost to maintain this
organization, they will realize that any
bullying of the Security Council will
place Moscow in an isolated position
which might have unpredictable conse-
uuences for the present Russian govern
ment
In spite of the announcements from
Moscow, up until the very day of the
opening of the UNO Security Council
sessions IN New York last Monday no
one in this country knew for certain
that Russia's troops actually were with
drawing from Iran. No one knew
whether a special deal had been ar
ranged between the Iranian Premier
and the Soviet representatives as a
price for withdrawal For several days
the Iranian Ambassador to Washington
had been unable to contact his superiors,
and neither had our State Department
been able to get in touch with Wallace
Murray, the American Ambassador at
Teheran.
Secrecy Is Banned.
Any secrecy is not conducive to good
relations among the nations comprising
the UNO. But the important thing, how
eyer, is the fact that the United States
and Great Britain, backed by the
majority of UNO's members-are de-
termined not to permit the UNO to
become a puppet in the hands of any
of the Big Five.
As far as the United States is con-
cerned, Secretary of State Byrnes made
his decision after consulting President
Truman, members of the Congress and
the top-ranking advisers in the War
and Navy Departments. He decided last
Sunday, before he left for New York,
that the Security Council could not
permit the carrying out Of any bilateral
deals unless it was fully informed of
the contents of the agreements In other
words, the stand taken by this country
is that the United Nations Organization
must remain, insofar as international
matters are concerned, the superstate
which was conceived in the San Fran
cisco Charter.
The UNO is dear to the hearts of the
vast majority of the American people.
The blood of our young men was shed
and the economic and financial re-
sources of this country were depleted
for only one purpose: To obtain rea-
sonable guarantee for peace in our
time" and prevent by all means, In
cluding armed Intervention, the revival
Of totalitarian aggression such as we
saw seven years ago.
Slow to Halt Appeasement.
It took the American Government
long time to realize that the policy Of
appeasement, as had been practiced
since the meeting Of the Big Three at
Teheran, was not likely to pay divi-
jends.
Soon after Mr.. Truman became Pres
ident he attempted to adopt a policy
based on the principles of the Atlantic
Charter. He urged Russian Foreign
Commissar Molotov to come to Wash
ington, before he went to the Sap Fran
cisco meeting, and spoke to him in
stern terms But the policy was not
maintained. Some of Mr.. Truman's
advisers feared that complete reversal
of our previous attitude might endanger
plans for the UNO.
Thus at San Francisco we reverted
to appeasement again. This was fully
demonstrated in the case of Poland.
Some 16 members of the underground
cabinet" had gone to Moscow. They
had been officially assured that they
would not be molested, but soon after
they reached the Russian capital they
were thrown into Jail. All efforts of the
American and British governments to
obtain their release, or even to find out
what had happened to them, remained
fruitless.
When the question of Poland's be-
coming member of the UNO was raised
In San Francisco by the Russian dele
CATION, Edward Stettinius, our then Sec
retary of State, backed by his British
colleague, Anthony Eden. said we would
not discuss the Polish matter until the
Is Poles had been released Within two
weeks we reversed our position and ac-
cepted Poland, with the majority of its
government hand-picked by Moscow,
into the family of nations. The Rus
sian government condescended to in
f1ict only light penalties on the 16 men,
whom the former Lublin government
described as collaborationists, although
they had fought the Nazis to the bitter
end. And we accepted the Russian So
luton.
Firm Stand Dropped.
On two other occasions we stood up
against Russia's plans for encroach-
ment at Potsdam, when Mr.. Truman
and Mr.. Byrnes obtained the agreement
OF the U. S. S. R. that Japan should be
directed by an American supreme COM
mander without active interference
from the other Allies; and at the Lon
3. don Conference of Foreign Ministers,
when Mr.. Byrnes refused to accept the
Russian demands to set up a control
commission in Tokyo and an advisory
Committee for the Far East with policy
framing powers. Both these mo appease-
fnent" acts were short-lived and given
up, at least in theory, at the meeting
Of the Foreign Ministers in Moscow last
December.
Moscow's disregard of treaties con-
corning Iran, together with the Kremlin-
inspired verbal campaign against Turkey
and the "fiuctuating policies" of the