davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
TAX SYSTEM ALSO WAS MAKESHIFT

Such is the genesis of the charter under which Alaska's territorial government func C. tions. It is underlain by, and in- corporates by reference, even older and less satisfactory scraps and pieces of congressional leg islation. The earlier Organic Act of 1884, according to the Nichols account:
 was evolved from a composite
 of honest intentions, ignor-
 ance, stupidity, indifference,
 and qua s i-expediency. The
 Senate debated it at some
 length on five consecutive
 days in January of 1884; and
 on May 13 following the
 House adopted the measure
 precisely as it came to them,
 after about two hours desul-
 tory discussion.
 The act as passed was a com promise bill drawn in the Senate Committee on Territories to pro vide a simple, temporary form of government without meeting any constitutional stumps."
 Similarly, Alaska's tax sys- tenn stems from a time when the territory had no local govern ment, no representation in Con gress, no legislature and no means of assessing or collecting an equitable tax. It was mott vated by a desire on the part of Congress in 1898 to legalize the liquor traffic in an area in which absolute prohibition had been the law, though far from the practice. Taxes were levied upon the residents in general, accord ing to the business in which they were engaged, whether it was billiards or boarding houses, meat marketing or taxidermy. The fisheries were taxed accord- ing to their output, for example. four cents for each case of can ned salmon and ten cents for each barrel of salted salmon The gold mines were taxed by the number of stamps in opera ton, three dollars per stamp. This system of licensing all busi- nesses on the same principle as saloons adapted itself readily to Alaska, because of her lack of the usual organization for levy ing ordinary taxes. There was some justification for such tax system in that day. But 1t has been retained, with some mo1i- ficatons, to date.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
INTERESTS JGHT TO EVADE TAX

he Organic Act had been in- Jed 10 be even more restric-
 |. One of the most interesting stacles in Congress during consideration was the effort ie by the fishing interests to It the power of the legisla- , to tax them. This effort and unforeseen result are describ- by Jeannette Paddock Mich
 in her admirable book
 ska: a Study of lis Admin aiion. Exploitation and h. trial Development During lis # Half Century Under inc
 e of the Uniied States.
 They secured upon the floor the House the insertion of ,lause in cluding g among |. )se laws which the legisla- -e was forbidden to alter, lend, modify, and repeal" assures rel5 ting to game and n These precautions 'nt for naught, however, as as taxation of the fisheries Is concerned: for in the in- liable committee of confer ce of the two housee on the
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
SPECIAL STATEHOOD SECTION

as God is afar off and it is long way to Washington" Forywo later the saying still has point applied to Alaskas territorial form of government.
 Alaska is far removed from Washington, and has so
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

Eendered them of much less |orce and value than identi- |allv the same laws possessed n the older territories. By bter congressional acts, some Emes even by executive proc bmations, and more often by |ules and regulations prepared Ind adopted, by some or all |f the numerous United States |ureaus engaged in public ac- |vities in Alaska and which lave or are assumed to have Ie force and effect of the |nited States statutes, the or bnic laws of Alaska are ren- |ered less effective and in bme instances practically re- |aled, though not mentioned the Acts of Congress ere ling the bureaus.
 |The enabling act of 1912 made |aska a potential state. But the |Rcial limitations which had to | inserted in the act to insure passage have not been re- lved in the years since elapsed. ANY LAWS FORBIDDEN ' ALASKA LEGISLATURE |The national governments
 to Alaska of a legislative Ey falls far short of fulfilling Iritorial aspirations for home Ie, since Congress has specifi- Ily forbidden the Territorial bislature to enact certain kinds | laws. Among these specific Ambitions are the following;
 It may not pass any law in Irfering with the primary Isposal of the soil; it Iay not authorize bonded in-
 btedness or the creation of Iy debt by the territory or Municipalities thereof; it Iay not create or assume any Idebtedness for the actual Inning expenses of the terri
 rial government in excess of Ie actual income of the terri Iry for a given year; it may It levy any tax for territorial Irposes in excess of one per Itum upon the assessed val Ition of property, nor within
 incorporated towns (for , Iyn purposes) in excess of To per centum; it may not
 s any law providing for the Jmation of county govern Int within the terri tory IhOut the affirmative ap- l Ival of Congress. it may not liter, amend, modify, or re- kl" the "game" and fish" Ms passed by Congress and tI tOfce m Aldska.
 | be Organic Act also extends
 Alaska limitations imposed in
 parate act of 1886 prohibit
 passage of local or special
 by legislatures of the ter
 ries.
 Delegate Wickersham h a d II the senate committee in Irge of the so called Alaska
 he rule bill that he consid-
 the sumptuary provisions
 biting territorial expend d i-
 s and taxes) an insult to his
 stituents and that he expect
 them 10 be repealed when Igress learns to have confi-
 Ice in the integrity of the
 ple of Alaska" However,
 provisions remain to this HING INTERESTS
 .IGHT TO EVADE TAX
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
TIE DISADVANTAGES OF TERRIToRIALIsM

HERE is old Aleut saying which current in Alaska
 at the time of Russian occupation: God high and the IT far away" It paraphrased in 1904 by the Nome gget in complaining bitterly of official neglect of Alaska
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30
ImUowcuse dismissed but not over

finality he pronounced, Case
dismissed"
But the case isn't over"
Attorney Keys says. dis
elimination is a worse crime
than the robbery. IT'S more
dangerous for the general
public. Minority groups who
lose faith in legal processes
have no other course but to
take the law into their own
hands,"
Attorney Keys plans to bring
civil suit for damages. He will
ask $500 each for Artman Walk
err, 1851 w. 18th Street, and
Theodore Jackson, 6236 ST.
Lawrence Avenue.
Walker and Jackson who
work for Wisconsin Steel stop
ped in the restaurant last May
IL. Miss Marich said, Sorry, we
don't cater to colored."
They went next door to the
police station and inquired
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

John Hendrick is an assistant
states attorney. Last week in
Judge Harry P. Beams court
Jury Branch at the County
Courthouse he prosecuted a dog
en- cases with cold objectivity Of
a legal machine.
But these were only larceny,
assault, hit-run driving and SIM
liar offenses. Then Ulysses Keys
appeared demanding court &C.
ton against Emily Marich for
refusing to serve two Negro
steelworkers in her restaurant
at 10118 Ewing.
Hendrick lost all his calm. He
became so upset that at times
he was almost speeches..
Finally he clustered at Keys,
you're only adding to racial
tensions. These things should be
referred to the Mayors Commit
tee on Human Relations"
: Judge Beam too was of that
opinion and with uncontestable
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

where they could eat. Upon
hearing the story, two detec-
tives advised them to swear out
a warrant.
The two steelworkers forgot
about the whole affair and re-
turned to work. However the de
tectives looked them up and in
duced them to press charges.
The case was heard before
Judge George B. Weiss at the
Grand Crossing court on May
20. He continued it. 1t was con
tinued more than a half dozen
times afterWard.
On November 20, it came up
before Judge Beam. Miss Ma
rich claimed that she serves
many colored people. Her ex
cuse for not serving Walker and
Jackson was that she was busy
attending to a group Of school
children who were eating and
had mo time" to take care of
the two Negroes.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

bers from plants throughout the
plant gates in support of the
Milwaukee area Tnassed at the
seven-month old strike, charac.
ter1zed by CIO president Philip
Murray as the most critical now
facing the CIO in the Country.
Ten pickets were arrested, ard
several injured, as 700 police and
deputy sheriffs attacked the
mass picket line. The demonstra.
tion followed a unanimous resolu.
ton passed at the national clio
convention in support of the fight
and OF Local 248 of the United
Auto Workers.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

.ened legal proceedings and initi-
ated a campaign to raise money
for the suit. The restaurants i'm
mediately halted their discrimin-
alton.
The Interraciag Committee
is continuing it's educational
program and has started on the
problem of jimcrOw in local
theaterS.
The committee was organized
last Spring. Among it's officers
are Lindsay Jones, American
Youth for Democracy and Ameri-
can Veterans Committee, and DR..
Mosher, professor of Spanish, CO.
chairmen; Mrs. Parker, house
mother, and DR.. Philip Schug, Re-
verend of the Unitarian Church.
University President Stoddard,
in one of his first official acts,
endorsed the aims of the Com
mittee.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30
Unions rally at
AIIis Chalmers

CIO unions in Milwaukee rail-
lied for a last-ditch fight against
the Allis-C Chalmers company and
the union-busting forces of the
state this week, as police and
deputies went on duty to "pro-
tect" scabs at the large West
Allis farm implement plant Mon
day.
An estimated 5000 CIO mem.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

The Committee had sent out
small mixed groups to the restau-
rants, and publicized the discri-
mination these groups found. 1t
then led a drive which got resolu-
tons from leading campus orga-
nizations and so residence halls.
Students polled on the issue
overwhelmingly supported til e
drive to lift the jim crow bar
riers. When all this failed, the
Committee presented legal evil
dence to States Attorney Bresee.
THE restaurants ignored the
States Attorneys communication
and the Committee set up picket
lines around the eateries. Leaders
and members of major campus
groups joined the lines, despite
the fiery cross burned in Cham
paign when the picketing began.
Finally the Committee threat
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30
JUDGE ORDERS DISCHARGED
VETS BARRED FROM CITY!

Judge Samuel Heller i'm License reaffred
his ruling that pigeons whether are not
good companions for city Mfe vacae
$50 and $40 costs fine imposed against William Seerba
5219 South Sacramento
Attorney Herbert Wetz for Seerba quoted awboos
10 the erect that honng pigeons the cate
OF STRAY fowls and animals just because of their hono
He cited the fact that Serba pigeons had lust
been 'honorably discharged" by army.
Wetzel would seek ruling from, 4ae boh.r
courts uphoIding the pigeon. e
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30
Win 1st round in battle
against Champaign Jim crow

CHAMPAIGN Jim at restaurants in the vicinity OF
University Illinois smashed the joint fight Negro
Students faculty townspeople Student
committee Of Urbana Champaign last week
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-11-30

MnssM
s. United Wm Milwaukee Ave. Fur
s. LN Farm akey
= innI
Evening star., 1946-04-13
Gen. Eisenhower Acts
To Intensity Military
Drive on Prostitution

Faced with the first sharp rise in
the Army's venereal disease rate
since 1902, Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hover, Chief of Staff. has backed
up the continuous military drive
against vice conditions with a new
regulation requiring all commanders
in this country and overseas to de-
clare all identified houses of prosti-
tuition "off limits"
The new regulation provides dis
ciplinary action'-a court-martial,
officials said-for any serviceman
knowingly entering such a house.
At press conference called to
discuss the problem which the Army
thought it had clicked" a few years
ago, a spokesman said the all-time
low rate of % cases OF infection per
1000 men set in 1943 had risen to SO
cases per 1000 men last year. It is
still mounting.
Up to now the Army had let over
seas theater commanders exercise
their own ideas of controlling We
nereal disease in their areas. In
contrast with the World War, the
present disease rate is higher among
soldiers overseas than in the United
States.
The spokesman said, in reply to a
question, that he knew of no houses
of prostitution having been ap-
proved for the use of troops over
seas. He also denied published
charges that the Army is discharg-
ing men still infected with venereal
diseases.
Gen. Eisenhower's regulation, It
was said, merely give the force of
additional authority to the numer-
Gus circulars to Army commanders
on the subject since the start of the
war. 1t is an order which all Army
echelons everywhere must carry out
When the Army first began taking
the problem seriously, in 1902, il
was pointed out, the rate of infec-
ton was 160 per 1000 men. In the
World War, the rate had been re-
duced to 86.71 per 1000 men, with
four times the number of infections
among soldiers in the United States
than among those overseas.
Now the situation has reversed
itself. In 1945 it was claimed the
rate was 40 per 1000 in the United
States compared with 83 per 1,00C
overseas.
Ofhcials attributed number Of
factors to the combined increased
rate since 1913. There have beer
more men in transit and on ex.
tended furloughs in this country
under the redeployment program
than during the early years oi
training. Overseas, it was claimed
there has been less control over the
men. and the scarcity of drugs had
Evening star., 1946-04-13
Sche|l 10 Receive Legion S
Certificate for War Effort

Samuel Duvall Schell, executive
director of the United States Mari
time Commission, will be awarded
the American Legion Distinguished
Evening star., 1946-04-13

Trieste area. The United States has
sponsored a settlement to leave a
minimum number of Yugoslavs
under Italian rule, and vice versa
while Russia wants a border highly
favorable to Yugoslavia.
S. The Western powers want guar
antees Of equal trade opportunities
In the Balkans, where Russia seeks
special advantages.
When these issues are disposed OF
one way or another, the April Is
meeting in Paris may turn to dis
cussion of the disposition of the
Ruhr and Rhineland which France
wants separated from Germany. Mr.
Byrnes Is understood to have in
formed French Foreign Minister
Bidault he would be willing to take
up this question after peace treaty
discussions.
France has insisted that the Ruhr
and Rhineland question be settled
before any central administration is
set up in Germany. This Govern
ment has been pressing for estab-
lishment of central services to ease
economic difficulties.
Evening star., 1946-04-13
Airline Pilots Call
Strike on TWA for
Week Of April Il

Pilots and copilots of Transcon-
tinental & Western Airlines have
scheduled a strike for the week Of
April 81 in support of their demands
for higher pay for flying four
engined planes, David L. Behncke,
president of the AFL Air Line
Pilots Association, announced this
afternoon.
Mr.. Behncke said TWA pilots had
voted 812 to In favor of the strike.
He said that there are approximately
1000 TwA employees involved out
Of approximately 5000 pilots and
copilots employed by all the airlines
in this country.
Employees of airlineS are governed
by machinery of the Railway Labor
Act. Mr.. Behncke said that, should
President Truman appoint an Emer-
gency Board under procedure pro-
vided by the act to hear their COM
plants, the strike would be post
poned.
The act provides a 60-day cooling
on period for investigation of dis
putes affecting the various types Of
carriers.
Mr.. Behncke said that while the
unions complaint involved higher
pay for only those flying four
engined equipment, all of TWAS
pilots would walk out in the case
of strike. He indicated the pilots
were seeking an increase of about
$4,000 year in the maximum pay.
Mr.. Behncke said the present pay
scale, which varies with flight con-
ditions and other considerations,
ranges from $2,760 to $4,000 an
nually. He estimated the average
annual pay OF first pilots at $675
a month and said a second pilot
earns less than half the pay of a
first pilot.
The proposals Of the pilots, Mr.,
Behncke said, III figured under the
best possible earning conditions,
range up to approximately $4,000
to $4,000 annually for the best
paying runs"
He added that II the threatened
strike materializes 1t will be the first
major one in the history Of the
Nations commercial air transport.
TWA operates routes totaling 49,
900 miles, extending as far as Ceylon,
India, with about 100 planes.
Evening star., 1946-04-13

GETS ROOSEVELT PICTURE-Junor crowd around Po-
lice Officer Oliver Cowan who heads Police and
Citizens Corps for the Juvenile the METROPOLITAN
Police Department. he receives
Roosevelt from Mrs Mabel Webster personal maid to
Mrs Roosevelt The presentation night at 72O
Barry place NV in recognition of Policeman work
Staff
Evening star., 1946-04-13

Balkan countries might make it i'm
possible for them to negotiate with
the other Allies.
The chief American objective in
pressing for early peace settlements
Is to get occupation troops out of
the former enemy nations and so
pave the way for a return to normal
conditions as quickly as possible.
Most of the occupation troops in
volved are Russian and Moscow
seems in no hurry to withdraw them.
Five major issues still are blocking
agreement among the Big Four on
the treaties with Italy, Romania,
Bulgaria and Hungary, with little
difficulty reported about the treaty
with Finland in which the United
States is not directly concerned.
Deputies of the Big Four Foreign
Ministers have been working in Lon
don for months on these problems,
which generally line up with Russia
on one side and the United States,
Britain and France on the other.
These pricipal differences involve:
l. Russia's demand for a Soviet
trusteeship over Tripolitania, as op-
posed to an American plan for a
joint United Nations trusteeship
over all Italian colonies to prepare
them for independence.
2. Soviet insistence on $500, 900 900
reparations from Italy for herself
and smaller nations. This country
has taken the firm position, with
British and French support, that
Italy is unable to pay any repara-
tions. Some chance of a compro-
mise on this issue is seen in the
possibility of turning over some
Italian ships to Russia.
8. Russian objection to demili-
tarizing the Dodecanese Islands, de-
spite indications of its willingness to
agree to returning them to Greece
Apparently the Soviet position on
this point is based on the hope of
eventually having a Communist
government in Greece.
4. Establishing a new boundary
between Italy and Yugoslavia in the
Evening star., 1946-04-13
Woman, 63, Is Found
Hanqed in Her Bathroom

Miss Faye Louise Stewart. So, Of
the 1400 block Of Girard street NV,
a teacher and real estate broker in
Missouri until she came here about
a year ago, last night was found
hanged in the bathroom of her
home.
Police said she was suspended
from section of clotheshne tied to
a towel rack on the bathroom door.
She was discovered by her sister,
Miss Anne Stewart, believed to be
her only survivor here. She was
removed to Garfield Hospital, where
she was pronounced dead.
Coroner A. Magruder Macdonald
issued a certificate of suicide. He
said he learned Miss Stewart had
been in i'll health for several years
Evening star., 1946-04-13
Duce's Diamond Rinq
Found by Milan Police
BY the Assoeiotsd Pres,

MILAN, Italy, Apr. ia plati-
mum and diamond ring which once
belonged to Benito Mussolini has
been found by Milanese police. The
ring, which contains a 32-grain Go
caraD diamond and is valued at
more than $65, 900, was lost at Dongo
after Mussolini's capture by parti-
sans. An anonymous letter gave the
first tip to the police.
Evening star., 1946-04-13
7 Escaped kaniacs Caught;
Eight Remain at Large
Ry the Assoeiu,sd Pres.

ST. LOUIS, April 13.-Eight of the
10 men escaped late yesterday from
the ward for the criminally insane
at City Sanitarium were still at large
today. Two were recaptured a few
hours after the break.
The men, although confined to
the ward for criminally insane, were
described by sanitarium authorities
as not Of the dangerous type.
Dewey Walker, guard assigned to
the ward, said two of the inmates
snatched his keys, unlocked the
door of the building, which is not
provided with bars, and ran out
the front entrance. The rest OF
the men followed.
Some Of the inmates were con-
fined to the institution by the courts
for minor offenses, while others were
assigned there by other sanitariums
because they were considered toe
unruly for private institutions
Evening star., 1946-04-13

greatly increased infections In the
city populations of Germany, France
and italy.
Officials also gave as one possible
reason for the increase in the in
lection rate the too ready reliance
of servicemen on the Army's quick
cure" of venereal diseases.
The Army's study Of the problem
produced this revelation: Ten years
ago, 30 per cent Of the infections
among servicemen were traceable
to prostitutes" the spokesman
said. Now the rate from this
source is Only 2 per cent.
Evening star., 1946-04-13
$700, 900 in Supplies
Stolen From u. S. Army
BY the Associofed Press

FRANKFURT, April 13.-Approx-
imately 100000 worth of United
States Army supplies were stolen
in Europe during March, Army
headquarters said yesterday.
Most Of the pilfering, $530,000
worth, occurred in countries lib
Grated by the Allies. Chief losses
were food and clothing, most of 1t
taken while supplies were in transit.