davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-15
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,pn

ing in the Balkans. where "Fascism" Is
only in hiding and has not been actually
suppressed, the governments still need
large military forces to keep law and
order.
The American and British secretaries
may answer that argument with an
expression of their willingness to permit
both satellites to have stable forces on
condition that the Soviet government
promise to withdraw at the earliest pos
sible moment the large Red army con-
tingents now stationed throughout Gen.
tral Europe and the Balkans.
The Russian military strength in Bull
garia is estimated at between % and "a
full divisions. In Romania the Red
army still has more than 100000 men,
while in Hungary the Russian force is
estimated to total at least 100000 men.
These troops are living on the fat Of
the land and are aggravating an already
bad food situation.
* 4
1t Is doubtful If the American and
British, secretaries could make direct
approach regarding the presence Of
Russian troops in the defeated coun-
tries. This matter could be taken up
only after peace treaties have been
signed. But it would be in order for
the secretaries to raise the question of
the plans for the large national armies
based on compulsory military conscrip-
ton in Bulgaria and Romania.
The Soviet government, according to
indications from Moscow, is equally
opposed to discussion of the exclusive"
economic arrangements already signed
with the Danubian states. These trea-
ties preclude any business deals be-
TWEEN the Russian satellites and any
other power except with the consent
of the U. S. s. r..
The Russians have already obtained
such powerful grip on the entire eco
nomic life OF the nations of the Danu-
bian Valley through the signing OF
economic agreements with Moscow
selected governments that there will be
no room for outside business in these
countries.
Because of the totalitarian form of
government adopted by Eastern and
Southeastern Europe, free enterprise ex-
lists in name only. The reciprocal"
agreements signed between the puppet
premiers and the U. s. S. r. are COM
plex but q careful analysis shows that
whatever business they may wish to
transact with foreign nations must be
done through Moscow
Evening star., 1946-04-15
Green Covenant

We hunted the nssGdotD, green h the
morning.
The sky ,cas clean tpi,sdy banner OF
blue.
From, the tangled thicket Of Dildplun
and redbud
The meddow lark's unpolished gold
rang true.
We carried knife, a split-htckory bas.
ket,
Brimmed to the handle, an aromatic
hoard
OF jade green jauelins OF ,pild n,eodo,p
lettuce,
The bitter notched blade OF the dan.
delions stDord.
And ne kne,D. tasting our sharp nssd-
dotD salad,
The sdDor OF sun aad distillats roans.
We, tOtth spring. kept the Old sreex
covenant,
Dratping elirir Of earth THROUGH our
osaHs. YETzA GIL1EspIK
Evening star., 1946-04-15

experience in one of the services would
not be q qualification but a disuualifi-
cation. The President would be moved
TO select neutral person-that Is, one
who knew nothing of either service.
That would be the Presidents test Of
the probable fairness and balance of his
appointee.
1t is silly to argue that a cabinet
member need not learn the details of
his department. Those who have seen
the inside of a new administration
getting under way can testify how
rapidly and how deeply a new cabinet
member must dig into his department
in order properly to represent it. He
cannot delegate this job OF explora-
tion to others. He and he alone must
know enough to decide hundreds of
issues among his subordinates. He must
make his decisions as an administrator,
not as a judge, which is an important
distinction.
Ihe Truman plan assumes that q
colossus can be found who can master
the equivalent Of three departments in
the time formerly required to master
one. And in the future, the three de-
parments-Navy, Army and Air-will
be many times larger than before the
late war. If we may Judge from Mr..
1ruman's past appointments, he is no
discoverer of such supermen.
The Truman proposal for a single
Chief of Staff has another grave fault
Here no layman is involved, but a
person from one Of the services, with
all the traditions, prejudices and in
stincts of limited professional life as
a soldier, sailor or airman. Here the
difficulty would be not only lack Of
knowledge, but lack Of judicial ca
pacity.
The sweet word unity" has covered
many . sin in the past, but it has never
faced such . contradiction as this,
CKeleassd By the Consolidated News
Fsstussa fne.l
Evening star., 1946-04-15
Veterans in College

Veterans intent on reSuming their
studies next fall will find encourage
ment in the report of survey OF
1885 educational institutions just
completed by the Veterans Admin
istration. Whereas the enrolment
situation last September was so tight
that many colleges and universities
were forced to turn veterans away,
adjusted classes and expanded IA
cilities are expected to make room
for 24s,472 additional students with
gold discharge buttons in their
lapels. Already more than $4,000
former service men and women have
taken advantage of educational op-
portunities afforded by the CT Bill
Of Rights. Veterans Administra-
tion officials hope that a substantial
majority of these will continue their
studies in the fall.
One of the difficulties encountered
in the field of veterans vocational
rehabilitation and education is that
too many veterans apply for enroll
ment in the larger and better known
colleges and not enough give atten-
ton to the excellent curricula and
facilities available at smaller and
less prominent institutions. As a
result, most Of the big universities
Evening star., 1946-04-15
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

You see. we don't know what to do
about Franco. because the issue is not
Franco any more than the previous
issue was Iran. or before that Indonesia,
or Greece, or Bulgaria, or Romania.
At every U. N session it is charged
that a situation here or there is "men-
ace to peace" And q. N. is presented
as laboring valianly to settle all these
menaces to peace, for, as we are at
tempting to prove at Nuremberg, to
menace the peace is crime.
But no one thinks that Bulgaria, Ro-
mania, Greece, or Franco-Spain are
going to wage war. No, not even II
German scientists in Spain are working
on the atom-as German scientists in
Russia, and in the United States, also
are. For with or without atomic bombs,
Spain could never win a war without
allies in Europe or America, and the
power on the European Continent
against which, or without which, no
Spanish government could wage war is
the Soviet Union.
There is, behind all the debate, no
consideration for the people of Spain,
as there never has been, on the part Of
any OF the great powers, consideration
for the history, interests or predictions
OF the people Of any part of the world.
The SovletS want Franco out of Spain,
lest an anti-Communist government
might one day be used by Britain and
America against the Soyiets; the British,
especially. fear that If Franco is over
thrown, the heir might be the Spanish
Communists, which would put Russian
satellite at Gibraltar and in North
Africa with inevitable repercussions on
France.
X i
The menace to peace has thus only
one source, the struggle of the great
powers who alone can wage war, and
whose every policy is being made from
power viewpoint, except for the United
States, whose policies appear to have no
viewpoint, but to be determined by rule
OF thumb on the spur of every moment.
The problem Of Franco, like the prob
lem OF Germany, France, Italy, or Yugo-
slavia, is inseparable from the problem
OF Europe. Had we entered the war.
with concept of the future of Europe
from view of European culture history,
political and economic necessities and
possibilities, We might, In triumph, have
raised banner to which the wise and
the just would repair. We could, con-
ceivably, also, have reached an under
standing with the Soviet Union, for
instance, for a European socialism
strengthened by federalism and west
ernized by liberty.
But the American mind, for a full
generation, has been repudiating alb
stract thought in favor of a cheap
pragmatism and RELATIVELY. Only in
Evening star., 1946-04-15

the physical sciences, and the tech
nology which derives from them, have
We been creating bodies OF principle
and exact thought. Thus, we can dis
lntegrate the atom but have no notion
OF principles necessary to integrate So
cieties in an atomic world. We have
demonstrated utter incapacity to sense
or implement historical trends, or fore
see the results OF policies. Our Euro
pean approach has been negative-anti-
Fascist, but promoting.
The Russians, on the other hand, ap-
proach every problem in terms of al
most mathematical equations, fornu-
lated through abstract political syllo-
gisms. One such syllogism is:
dynamic and goal-conscious mi
nority can always override a dis
oriented majority.
Discrimination Chaos serves the Tdy-
manic minority.
Therefore. Discrimination (chaos)
should be promoted.
The antithesis between the Anglo
American, or Western World, and the
Soviet Union, might have produced q
synthesis, but only on the presumption
that the West had thesis and that
all three wished to recreate Europe rs
a civilization and "politis."
y X
But the West has had no thesis except
vague hope that somehow victory
would restore the prewar status QUO
without Germany-a hope which could
not sustain 10 minutes Of rigorous
thought. The Soviet Union, moving
against purely rhetorical obstacles, has
no thesis except to drive Anglo-Ameri-
can influences out Of Europe, and create
an international feudalism of vassal
states paying tribute to the Communist
Rome and Mecca.
Europe is thus polarized between the
Sovlets and the Anglo-American pow
ers, with the Soviets winning through
clarity Of aim, while the magnetic Euro
pean attractions to the West bounce
back from political, intellectual, and
moral vacuum, q state of affairs which
is creating total loss OF European
political consciousness.
Every country Is fearful Of its peace
from one side or the other Of the great
powers. Their dichotomy alone men,
aces peace, order, and evolution toward
democratic freedom and humane civil
lization.
How utterly unprincipled-in the
exact sense Of the word-the great
power struggle has become is demon
strated by the fact that while Poland
(Russia) presses for a break with
Franco, Soviet trade mission to Bueno
Aires opens negotiations with Peron,
incidentally. with view to re-estab-
fishing diplomatic relations severed for
IS years.
tRelessed by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1946-04-15
The Interim U. N. Home

From the standpoint of comfort
and convenience. the Long Island
sites chosen for the interim United
Nations home may raise some tenn
porary difflculties, but they have the
virtue of ending a situation that had
been becoming intolerable-a situa-
tion in which the United States
scarcely shone as host and in
which more than a few members of
the U. N. must have been beginning
to feel a bit like unwanted guests
receiving Indifferent, if not rude,
treatment.
The trouble began almost as soon
as the United Nations General As
sembly approved proposals for per-
manent headquarters in the New
York Connecticut area and tempo
rary headquarters in or close to New
York City. Residents OF the region
selected for the permanent home
Evening star., 1946-04-15

At the conference of the Big Four
Foreign Ministers opening in Paris on
April rs, Secretary OF State Byrnes Is
not likely to take up matters of detail
but only the fundamentals which have
blocked efforts of the ministers sub
ordinates in drafting preliminary peace
treaties with Italy and the minor coun-
tries which were satellites Of Germany.
These fundamentals" concern not
only the ALLEGATION of territories belong
ing to Italy either in Europe or Africa
but also some questions of disarmament.
Russian authorities in Bulgaria and
Romania have prompted the existing
puppet governments to build up strong
military forces. Thus, according to the
few available reports, the Bulgarians are
planning to organize a peacetime mill
tary establishment Of about 450,0 900 men
and Romania is said to intend to Or
ganize a permanent peacetime army Of
25000O men.
The reason the latter puppet, which
has larger population, cannot make a
greater effort is due to the fact that she
sent at Hitler's bidding about Is divi-
sions to fight the Russians at Odessa and
Stalingrad and also fought for a while
against the Russian invasion before her
collapse. Bulgaria. which fought only
the Yugoslavs in the war, has a greater
relative manpower reservoir at this time.
X X
The American and British view is that
the defeated countries military strength
should be drastically reduced These
governments would like to see the mill
tary forces Of the former satellites re-
duced to mere police force, deprived of
modern war paraphernalia such as tanks
and planes. This would be in keeping
not only with the time-honored laws of
war which provide that defeated nations
are deprived of further aggressive pos
sibilities but also in keeping with the
spirit of the United Nations, which aims
at an eventual reduction OF ornaments
in all countries and the placing of the
security of the world in the hands of an
international military force under orders
Of the Security Council.
Diplomatic reports from Moscow and
Paris intimate that Soviet Foreign Min
lister Molotov intends to oppose any
move by Mr.. Byrnes and British Foreign
Secretary Bevin to limit the military
forces of Bulgaria and Romania to a
maximum of say 10000 to 80 900 men for
each of these defeated nations.
The Russian thesis is said to be that
under the abnormal conditions prevail
Evening star., 1946-04-15

raised a rather ill-informed and not
very polite rumpus, and only the
most makeshift arrangements were
made for the temporary home, as
If the U. NJ were just another con-
vention and not great and historic
project embracing the worlds hope
for an enduring peace.
1t is true enough, of course, that the
problem of establishing temporary
headquarters in an area as crowded
as New York would be difficult under
the most favorable circumstances,
but it probably could have been
handled lot better up to now had
our Government not decided to
stand aloof from it in order to avoid
the appearance Of forcing decisions
on the other members of the U. N.
This neutral attitude was proper
when the nations were deciding
whether to locate in this country,
but once they so decided. 1t made
little sense, and if it had not been
carried so far there might have been
fewer headaches and irritations in
coping with the situation.
As matters stand, the contract for
the Hunter College site in the Bronx
expires on May Is. The site was ade-
quate for the Security Council meet
ings but totally inadequate for the
U. N. as whole, including the Sec
retariat and the General Assembly.
The Long Island sites-one at Lake
Success for Office headquarters and
the other at Flushing Meadow for
the Assembly-will meet the interim
needs and conceivably, according to
some observers, may prove satisfac-
tory enough for permanent home.
Nevertheless. they are both con-
siderable distance from Manhattan
particularly Lake Success, which
is twenty-five miles away-and un-
less special measures are adopted
they can involve irritating incon-
veniences during the next year or
two for thousands Of delegates and
other official personnel.
In the circumstances, our Govern
ment should now take whatever
steps it can-even If it involves the
requisitioning of buildings-to keep
discomfort and inconvenience to a
minimum as regards both transpor-
tation and housing. Comfort and
convenience, after all, since they
affect temper, are of great impor-
tance in an international under
taking of this sort. In its home
seeking efforts, the United Nations
has had rather rough time already;
any more of the same would reflect
poorly on the manners of America.
Evening star., 1946-04-15
.Snobbism DepIored
By David Laurence
rom the Emporia Gazette.

FROM the Emporta Gazette.
Again and again the pattern of Amer
lean snobbism reveals itself in the smus-
ness of some people who call themselves
superior" not because Of personal tall
ent or achievement but solely because
OF ancestry. A member OF the Writ
ers' board spotted this boner on the part
OF an ancestor conscious speaker, q high
school teacher in town in New York
State. In recent speech he tried to
discredit foreign-born radio commen.
tator, not with logic or facts but
by evoking anti-immigrant prejudice
against the broadcaster. Said the teach
er: Surely whose ancestry goes back
to the 1600's have better right to offer
the advice on the affairs Of the coun-
try" Why not write to old Sitting Bull
or some other venerable chief to ask
what he thinks Of this high school
teacher?
Evening star., 1946-04-15

What is obvious is subject to being
missed. For instance, it long has
been realized that an onion will not
produce a rose, but the correlative
fact that not even the most glorious
of roses can produce an onion has
not been appreciated.
Evening star., 1946-04-15

It's amazing how many real pearls
among women don't seem to banker
overmuch for real pearls, so long as
the other kind will do.
Evening star., 1946-04-15
Horror of Horrors!

From the Omaha World Herald.
With trade In mems wear at . stand
stau the liquid stocking interests might
do somsthing about . painted. .on shirt.
Evening star., 1946-04-15

Entered at the Post once, Washington D. c.
as second-class mail matter.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-06-01
56th Commencement Ushers
In New Era At Campbell College

baccalaureate sermon at Pearl
Street A. NJ f. Church Sunday
morning, which was everywhere
pointed out as one of the most
outstanding sermons in in the Seth
Year History of the College.
In addressing the Literary So
ciety Tuesday night, Hon. III. D..
Whallum won enduring acclaim
for an address entitled This Way,
Please" in which he used the JIM
Grow pattern as a challenge to the
highest and best in the Negro
Youth and the Race.
In fitting climax DR.. Charles
Fl. Wesley, delivering the com
nencement address, urged the
graduates and leader to find new
frontiers of service and pioneer in
the leadership Of the Race to
greater achievements and TO the
highest awards and rights citizen
ship.
The graduating class included &c
graduates from the high school,
three Bachelors of Arts, four
Bachelors Of Theology and three
Bachelors of Divinity Honorary
degrees were confined upon the fol-
lowing: Thomas Earl Porter,
DID,; George Wayman Smith, DID,;
BENJAMIN F. Patterson, DID,; Nor
man w. Granderson, DID,: |. h.
McInnis, DID,; Hampton Burden,
DID,; F. ]. DUR, DID,; H. Milton
Mickens. Doctor of Letters: Pres.
Chas. II. Wesley, LID; Russell
S. Brown, LID; Marcelius K.
Dixon, LID: H. David Whalum,
LID; John Wesley Hair, LID;
William Berry, ID.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-06-01
Most WorshipfuI King Hiram Grand Lodge
A. F.. &AM To Hold Meet At GreenviIIe

thousands of dollars in the treas
ury, which is being increased
monthly.
The organization hasa Masonic
Congress that all members of the
organization can attend. All men,
bers have proof of the national
standing of their Grand Lodge,
and a national affiliation. They
know the names and addresses of
their National Officers.
III. E. d. Love, 33 President of
the Masonic Congress, 1909 18th
street, N. W., Washington, D. c.,
will call the Biennial Session of
the General Grand Masonic Con-
gress to order Sunday, August Is,
1916, at high noon at the Masonic
Temple, 423 Nostrand avenue, cor
ner Jefferson avenue, Brooklyn, N.
Y, to go in parade from Temple
to Cornerstone Baptist Church, To-
Gated at Lewis avenue and Madi-
son street, Brooklyn, N. Y, where
we will listen to Biennial Sermon
preached by Rev. Sandy F. Ray,
Pastor Of the Cornerstone Baptist
Church, and member of the or
ganization.
The visiting brothers from all
parts of the United States of
America will be the guests of the
Enoch Grand Lodge, III. j. {.
Dance, 33 Grand Master, 81 Down
inc street, BROOKLYN, New York.
TT. M. H. Johnson, SO Most
Puissant Sovereign Grand Com
mander of the Supreme Council,
461 A Quincy street. Brooklyn,
New York, and Noble John j:
Marshall, Imperial Potentate OF
the Noble Mystic Shrine. 63 18th
Continued On Back Pagel
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-06-01
DR.. Harold |. Trigg Jackson
College Graduation Speaker

DR.. Harold l.. Trigg, Associate
Executive Director, Southern Re-
gional Council. Atlanta, Georgia
and former President of State
Teachers College, Elizabeth City
North Carolina, delivered the COM
mencement address at the grad
uating exercises of Jackson Col
lege here Monday morning.
Speaking upon the commence
ment theme, 1.-THE Role of Teach.
er College in a State Program OF
Higher Education," DR.. Trige
pointed out the grave danger now
existing in world where with
atomic energy man acquired the
means with which to destroy HIM
self.
Speaking on the democratic
rioht Of every citizen to vote, DIR
Trigg said the South need have nc
fear Of the Negro vote. That the
Negro would make a good voter
because he needs good schools.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-06-01

The Seth Annual Commencement
at Campbell College here last
Thursday ushered in New Era for
that historic institution it was
pointed out by DR.. S. L. Greene,
Jr., president of the college, as
could be easily observed in the
actual existing conditions on the
grounds, and as ably cinfirmed by
list of outstanding speakers, SEN
sing it's new spirit, which included
DR.. Charles H.Wesley President OF
outstanding speakers, sensing its
new spirit, which included DIR.
Charles H. Wesley, President of
Wherefore University, WILDER
force. Ohio; DR.. Russell T.. Brown,
Pastor, st. Paul A. NJ. f. Church,
st. Louis, Mo-; Hon. Fl. David
Whallum. President, Union Pro-
tective Association of Memphis,
Tenn, and Bishop S. L. Greene,
Chancellor of the institution and
presiding Bishop of the Eighth
Episcopal District, which includes
the states of Louisiana and Missis-
sippi.
The actual existing conditions
observance on the grounds as
pointed out by President Greene
include the all but complete re-
modelling Of the boys and girls
dormitories, the new primary
school buildings. the new concrete
walk which now gerdles the campus
and the alreadv laid foundation for
the new $150,000 Sherm L.
Greene Administration Building,
now under construction.
Also indicative of the new era
was the announcement of Bishop
Greene that the Jackson Chamber
of Commerce. and official of the
city of Jackson had given their
approval and would join in cam
paign to raise 100000 for further
imnrovement at the institution.
DR.. Russell S. Brown opened
the commencement season with the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-06-01
BiIbo Blasts ArnaII AS
White Supremacy Traitor

II might mention in the same
breath the damnable Go strate-
gists whose ayowed aim is fran
chise for the Negro which they'll
buy in order 10 break the power
of the white man" BilbO declar-
ed" The Clio campaign may Wen
prove the mast significant political
event in the history OF Mississippi
1t win test the stability of Mis-
sissippi's political setup, a setup
that has existed in spite of OUT
side influence to undermine a
white mans governmnt.
why" he drawled, IF Bill
DO had to depend on and coddle
the vote of the Negro for reelec-
ton to the senate, Bilbo wouldn' t
have the job"