davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1946-02-20
Atonnic Spy Ring investigation In Canada

OTTAWA. Feb. 19- (P) The governments investigation into a leakage of highly secret informa- ton was linked today to it's probe of Eldorado Gold Mines, Ltd, Canada's source of uranium, by a Montreal report that Russian agents had tried to buy S500,000 worth of "black market" uranium.
 The Montreal Gazette published a report stating that "a Russian plot, the buying of more than S500,000 worth of virtually black market uranium in Canada to bring about the successful culmin- ation of it's atomic bomb espionage conspiracy in Ottawa and other parts of the Dominion, has been uncovered"
 "Toronto was the locale of the Russian scheme to obtain the neces- sary activating force to complete the circle begun by agents who conspired, allegedly, with Cana dian civil service employees, to obtain secret and confidential in formation on atomic energy" the paper said.
 The Gazette story indicated that those allegedly buying the uranium failed to get it out of Canada. The paper recalled gov ernment appropriation of the FL dorado mine some time ago and the subsequent announcement of an official inquiry, now being con- ducted by, J. Grant Glassco, Tor onto accountant.
 Glassco's activities, however, are as yelled in secrecy as the Royal Commissions inquiry into the leakage of information, al though it is known that 22 en- ployees or former employees of the government were arrested Friday in connection with the in formation leak.
 One of the g, it was learned last night, held a rank 'very close to deputy minister, highest rank attainable by a civil servant in the Dominion. None of the suspects, however, held that rank.
 (The full text of Prime Minister Mackenzie Kings first official statement regarding the leakage of information was broadcast without comment by the Moscow radio last night.
The Nome nugget., 1946-02-20

AS early as l941, 94 out of every 100 British men aged IA to 64 had been mobilized.
The Nome nugget., 1946-02-20

WASHINGTON, Feb. 19-(P)- Secretary of State Byrnes declar- ed flatly today that as far as he knowns the know-how of atom
 Continued on Page Tour)
The Nome nugget., 1946-02-20

HAVANA, Feb. 19-(P)-Russia, Gin self defense, has every moral right to seek atomic bomb secrets through military espionage if ex- cluded from such information by her former fighting allies," says Joseph E. Davies, former U. s. Ambassador to the U.S.SR.
 "If Russia had developed the atomic bomb and the United States were in her shoes, we cer- tainly would try to obtain such information, especially if we faced a potentially hostile world" Dav- ies said in an interview last night.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
GOOD NEWS FOR MALARIA
SUFFERERS

Wartime shortages and the more
urgent needs of our armed forces
kept Nash's c g. L Tonic away from
you for a time during the war, but
now you may again expect wonder
full relief from the attacks of that
dreaded Southern disease. Nash's is
one Of the very few Malaria prepa-
rations which combine a laxative
with a wonderfully efficient medi-
cine for the symptoms of Malaria.
This combination serves to eliminate
the wastes from your system while
treating the actual Malaria attack.
Relief is usually obtained in seven
short days. Temporary constipation
and associated biliousness are re-
ieved in a few hours.
II you suffer from Malaria and
If your treatments were neglected
during the war, you shouldn't wait
another day. Go after that illness
now. Malaria may make you feel
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
SOi6tGy * * Clubs * Personals
Miss Mamie Clark
Hostess To Club

On May 21st Miss Mamie Clark
was hostess to the Woman's Club.
The meeting was opened with the
salute to the flag after which "The
Star Spangled Banner" was sung.
Fifteen members responded to roll
call after which the minutes of the
previous melting were read and ap-
proved.
At the conclusion of the business
Mrs. McCune as retiring president
graciously turned the gavel over to
Mrs. r. c. Elmore who introduced
the program radio and Motion Pic
lures" Mrs. Doster gave an interest
ing a talk on Films Interpret Ma
ton to Nation, and "The Untouched
Potentialities of Radio" were enlight-
eningly discussed by Mrs. M. d.
Baine. Concluding the program, Mrs.
Howard sang beautiful solo accom-
panied by Mrs. Doster. During the
social hour the hostess served deli
cious refreshments to members and
guests, Mrs. Harrington and Miss Pi-
gott.
The club then adjourned to meet
again in September.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30

you have chills and fevers. 1t may
make you have a sallow yellow
complexion. Mr.. Nash is anxious to
have you try his c & L Malaria Chill
Tonic on his personal guarantee of
complete satisfaction or money back
Your dealer will gladly refund
every cent you have paid if you do
not feel that the first bottle is fully
worth the purchase price.
Mr.. Nash has sold millions of bot
ties of Nash's c g. L Tonic and every
one has carried this guarantee. Sur
prisingly few have ever asked for
refund. This is full proof, Mr..
Nash believes, that Nash's is every
thing he claims it to be.
Nash's c & L Tonic is sold by
good dealers everywhere and fea-
tured in Durant by Howell-Heggie
Drug Company. The regular four
ounce bottle is only fifty cents or
the large economical ten ounce bottle
only one dollar.
Use only exactly as directed.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30

Mrs. Wylie Humphries visited in
Lexington Monday.
Mr.. Jim Daniel attended Shrine
meeting in Jackson Thursday.
Miss Allene Ramsey spent the
weekend at home but left Monday
for French Camp where she will
teach this summer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Marcus Love, Jr. are
spending this week on the Missis-
sippi Coast.
Miss Edith Rhyme is spending her
vacation at home with her parents,
Mr. and Mrs. r. H. Rhyme.
Mr. and Mrs. Teddie Stout of Jack
son, spent the weekend in Durant
with Mr.. and Mrs. Ross Rhyme.
Mrs. G. B. Ramsey is spending
several weeks in Starkville with her
son, G. B. Jr. and family.
Miss Rosemary Howell of Mill
saps spent the weekend at home.
Doug Ramsey of Jackson spent
the weekend with Mrs. G. B. Ram
sey and Rob.
Mrs. j. R. Cargill is visiting her
daughter, Mrs. Jessie Kweany of va
zoo City.
Mr.. Will Sails Wilburn will be
member of the faculty of State
College this summer school.
Miss Peggy Knott, Ole Miss, anc
Miss Carolyn Hays, Millsaps, Miss
Jane Harrington and Miss Margie
Norwood, MSCW, are home from
school for the summer holidays.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30

Robert Love, Roy Williams, Paul
Odom, and Bubber Lewis spent the
weekend in Memphis.
Mrs. Albert Brown is visiting her
son and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. AL
bert Jr in Alexandria, Virginia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Phil Rooney are NOV
ing to Grenada this week.
Miss Cargill Howard of New Or
leans spent the weekend at home.
The Bridge Club met with Mrs.
Douglas Ramsey Tuesday.
Marcus Love, Jr. spent a few days
at home this week before returning
to Starkville for summer school at
State College.
Kenneth VanKeuren is the proud
owner of new red Chevrolet pick
up truck purchased from A. B. Glenn
ents Chevrolet Co.
Mrs. Pearl Phillips is in Helena,
Ark, where she will attend the grad
uation of her granddaughter Bettye
Pearl Heskett from the Barton High
School She will be there for an ex-
tended visit.
David Comfort, Robert Horace
Bowie, Roy Williams, George Arnold
Renacker, are home from school for
the summer.
DR.. Patton attended the Dental
convention this week.
Mrs. E. S. White spent the week
end in New Orleans with her daugh-
ter, Miss Emma Kathryn White.
Mr. and Mrs. Carlton Wilson have
returned to their home in Baltimore,
Maryland, after a pleasant visit with
Mr.. and Mrs. Curtis Howard and
family.
Miss Sara Nell Howard will leave
Wednesday with her grandmother
Mrs. Lee Hudson, for a visit with re-
latives in Memphis and Blytheville,
Arkansas.
1t Commander and Mrs. H. ].
Roberts and little daughter, Diane,
of New Orleans were recent guests
in the home of their sister, Mrs. M.
j. Mitchell.
Mrs. Margaret Moorhead Ashton,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Moor
head, now living in Houston, Texas
is the proud mother of son, Dub
Ashton Jr. born May 25th.
Mrs. Hattie Fox, and Mrs. Bill
Donald of Goodman went to New
Orleans Monday to be with their
sister, Mrs. H. j. Roberts, who un-
derwent an emergency appendectory
Sunday night
Robert Moorhead spent the week
end in Columbus with his brothers,
j. l.. and Fred.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. w. Mitchell Jr.
and children of Monroe. La. were
guests of A. w. Mitchell, Sr. last
weekend.
Mrs. Merrill Mitchell will return
to Ruston, La. after spending several
days here.
Mrs. Odessa Browne left last week
for a visit with relatives in Dayton,
Ohio.
Mrs. B. c. Candy and little son,
Jimmy are visiting in Memphis in
the home of Mr.. Gandy's parents,
MIR. and Mrs. Blake Candy.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
Sgt. Wilbur D. Reed
Get Discharge

Staff Sgt. Wilbur D. Reed. hus-
band OF Florence Neely Reed, re-
ceived his honorable discharge from
the army at Camp Shelby May le
after three years and 8 months in
service.
The ribbons he is entitled to wear
are: American Theater. Good Con-
duct, Asiatic-Pacific Battle Starr
Philippine Liberation Battle Starr
Victory Medal.
Sgt. Reed fractured his right ell
bow in Japan and after two months
in the Nagoya Hospital, he was
transferred to Kennedy General in
Memphis in Feb.
The Reeds plan, at present, to
make their home with Mrs. j. T.
Nicely in Durant
The Durant news., 1946-05-30

MIR. and Mrs. c. E. Powell, Jr. Wis
tied in the home of her mother, Mrs
Odessa Browne recently. They are
planning to make their home in
Alexandria, La. where Mr.. Powell
will be employed by Billups Petro-
leum Co.
Mrs. c. A. Knott is visiting her
sister, Miss Edna Mckee in Shreve-
port La.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Tatum and
Nancy Ann are visiting friends in
Nebraska
Mrs. T. c. Gum and Bettye shop
ped in Jackson Monday.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
Mrs. Watkins Hostess
To WSCS Circle

Mrs. Watkins entertained the Ell
ma King Circle of the w. S. c. S.
Monday Afternoon, May q, with l3
members present and one guest Mrs.
Miles Ray.
Mrs. Elmore presided over the bu-
siness session.
Mrs. Tart and Mrs Ray sang two
negro spirituals.
The subject for discussion was
THE Area of Responsibility" con-
tinuing the study on Africa. Mrs.
Comfort gave the lesson and a very
interesting debate was entered into
by all members.
The hostess then served coca colas,
sandwiches and cookies.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
FARMER, BLOATED
WITH STOMACH GAS,
FELT LIKE One
OF HIS HOGS

Mr.. Edward Banner, q farmer
of Baldwin, Missouri, says, II was
SO full Of gas, l felt like a hog
and the fine meals my wife cooked
tempted me about as much as the
slop / fed the hogs, because my
stomach was SO upset. After meals
did nothing but belch up sour
LIQUIDS. Then a neighbor told me
about Pru-lax-and now ! can eat
without bloating."
Let Mr.. Banners experience
help those of you who suffer from
constipation - sluggishness - gas
! pains. Pru-lax is wonderful new
herb medicine containing Cascara
and SIENNA that will bring you
blessed relief from constipation
misery. Caution: Use Pru-lax only
as directed. Money back II not Do
lighted with the results.
GET PRu.LAx TODAY
HOWELL g. HEGGIE DRUG CO
Durdnt
COWSERT'S DRUG STORE
Goodman
WEST DRUG co.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
Moorheud Gardner
Wedding Sunday

James L. Moorhead Jr., will be
married to Miss Polly Gardner of
Columbus June End at the Metho-
dist Church there.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30

Mr.. and Mrs. c. A. Dickerson visit
ed his brother, Joe Dickerson al
Tchula Sunday.
The Durant news., 1946-05-30
STRAND THEATRE

Durant, Miss.
FridoY night and Saturday Motinee
SUNSET IN Ell DORADO
Roy Rogers and Dale Evans
PURSUIT TO ALGIERS
Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce
Saturday night only
DANGER SIGNAL
Faye Emerson and Zachary Scott
Also Western
MonddY and Tuesday
HER HIGHNESS AND THE
BELL BOY
Heddy Lamar and Robert Walker
Also News and Comedy
Wednesday and Thursday
CONFIDENTIAL AGENT
Laureen Bacall and Chas. Boyer
Also Shorts
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
THEY SA y

Warrington Secretary Of the
Navy James Forrestal: Air power
has the main emphasis in the i'm
mediate postwar Navy"
Washington-Secretary OF Agrl-
culture Clinton P. Anderson: IN.
flexible price supports may tend
to hold agriculture to its wartime
pattern OF production instead OF
encouraging II to make the neces-
sary shifts to fit a peacetime de-
mand pattern"
Atlantic City. N. Lord Hall
fax, British ambassador: I'VE have
an immediate and abiding obliga-
ton to rally the strength Of all
peace loving states behind the ma
chinery OF the United Nations Or
ganization."
Pasadena, Calif.-Dr. Richard c.
Tolman, dean OF the graduate
school OF the California Institute OF
Technology. asks full publicity on
atomic bomb secrets and adds:
"The minute this Information is
made public at least one entire
new major industry will be born"
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
BY ERICH BRANDEIS

Have you noticed 1t, too, that
atmosphere of gloom which is
hanging over our nation?
Wherever you 20 people talk
about strikes and food shortages
and not being able to make plans,
and what Is this country coming
to, and life isn't worth living.
True enough, we are going
unrest and most Of us are unsettled,
and we don't know when we can
get that new refrigerator or that
new automobile.
We can't plan our vacation trips
because there are no railroad ac-
commodations and no hotel rooms
and superficially things look pret.
ty awful.
But what of II,
Aren't all those things rather
unimportant?
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
The Brit hday Murder

vente's life.
Over so soon. The sudden hori-
zontal tape ahead. The arms fiung
upward. the tape breasted and
broken. The shrill roar from the
children on the bleachers. Victoria
Victoria.
And Victoria, small. hot and
painting. pulling up the leg Of one
black sateen bloomer. casting
bright glances among the boys and
girls who swarmed around the IN
ish line. No Johnny. No Bernice.
The pink moist face Of Adele.
Her giggle. Her whisper. behind one
hand. 'Lissen. It's awful. They
rented a rowboat. They're rowing
on the lake. Bernice and Johnny
Vente. When Miss Jacobs nnds
out. .w
The little lake, q silver mirror
In the sun. Miss Jacobs stalking to
the dock at its margin. followed by
an excited. whispering horde Of
boys and girls. Tho loving cup
bright and cool in Victoria's arms.
The trumpet Of Miss Jacobs wrath
as she stood on the dock, calling
the sinners IN. Bernice. stepping
out Of the rowboat under Miss ia
cobs' hard black eyes. Bernice's
eyes looking for Victoria, finding
her. The strange look Of triumph on
Bernice's plump pretty face. even
while Miss Jacobs tongue lashed
her. Bernice. glamorous In her
known, red-handed SHINING. Ber-
nices day. Not Victorias.
A hand closed on Victoria'a
shoulder. First the hand belonged
to someone In that June Of 1924,
and then Victoria opened her eyes
and saw Bernice, In pale blue. bend
ing over her. They looked Into each
others eyes.
you know what I was just re-
membering?" Victoria asked her,
dreamily. II was remembering that
field day when you went boating
with Johnny Vente."
Bernice's shiny brown eyes,
which had been empty Of anything
but watching. clouded over with
recollection. Her tiny voice said.
"Yes. remember"
And then Victoria saw the three
tin masks on the wall beyond Ber-
nice. and 1t was now. and Albert
was dead.
"Oh. my Cod" she whispered.
For the first time the enormous
truth dawned on her. Albert was
really dead. Their short time to-
gether was at an end. She felt tears
start into her eyes. "Albert's dead"
she told Bernice. Somehow. Al
bert's dead"
"Shhhw soothed Bernice. Il
, Know all about It Everything's all
I Light, Victoria. His secretary
phoned to find out why he hadn't
come to the studio. just told her
he wouldn't be out and to call you
tomorrow"
Victoria shook her head dazedly.
Then a new thought struck her.
The police!"
"Shhh! They're here. They're In
there where Albert Is"
10 (To Be ContiRued)
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
Atmosphere Of Gloom
Looking at Life

history. The youngsters have not.
They'll tell you that America
was carved out OF hardship and
trouble.
They'll tell you about the pio
neers and the Forty-Niners and
the oldtimers who had to fight and
dig and suffer for every inch OF
their ground and every dollar they
ever made.
Go to the hockey matches some
time, or to the basketball games
or to the movies.
Listen to the shouting and the
enthusiasm. Watch them swoon
when Frank Sinatra sings or Harry
Jam blows his trumpet.
Look at them in their old jalo-
pies with crazy things written all
over them. and see them dance in
slacks and bobby socks.
Disgusting, you say?
Not at all. It's inspiring. It's
hope and confdence-and the fu.
ture.
It's America-the -merica Of to-
day and tomorrow.
Copyright, 1946, for Ypsilanti
Daily Press)
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
CHAPTER FOURTEEN

TUCK TURNED to Bernice SAKE.
Certainly the idea Of murder must
have occurred to you. Mrs. SAKE"
IT'S too fantastic" said Bernice
SAKE, but did not say why.
my names Tuck" Tuck told
them. mechanically showing his
badge. He turned to the servant.
whats YOU name7"
Hazel Bennett Mrs. Hazel Bet
nett"
Mrs. SAKE says you've worked
for Mrs. Hime for three years. Do
you know any reason why Mr..
Hime could have taken his own
iife!"
Hazel shook her head rather dull
ly. II was Bernice SAKE who elabo-
rated. With the ash long again on
her oigaret which she held. Tuck
noted. at an affected tilt in her hand,
she spoke from the kitchen stool
on which she was rather gracefully
ensconced. I've known him only six
months or 20. from the time they
were married, but I'd say no. I
mean, to commit suicide a person
has to have-well. q sort of pas
sionate quality. Albert was-well,
he was quiet He was q matter-of-
fact person. ! can't imagine him
killing himself over anything"
That seems to leave accident or
murder, then" said Tuck, and
watched them.
Mrs. SAKE slipped from the stool.
her high heels clattering on the
floor. 'It can't be murder!" she ex-
claimed, with what seemed to Tuck
undue passion. 1T Just can't BE-"
She added. staring into his eyes
with her shining brown ones. Il
mean, they were such q devoted
couple"
Hazel's little gray head turned
toward Mrs. SAKE and at the same
moment the friend of Mrs. Hime
seemed to realize the implication of
what she had said, and abruptly
lowered her lids over her eyes.
A. Tuck turned to leave the
kitchen he told them. You'd better
wake Mrs. Hime now. I have to
talk to her. You might give her
some black coffee"
There isn't any coffee" said
Hazel. Il was Just going to the
store to get some"
Go right ahead" said Tuck.
In the narrow hall leading back
to the bedrooms Tuck came face
to face with Froody. Froody, .
white handkerchief around his
hand, was holding out a cardboard
box about six inches high. "Look!"
he said.
Tuck moved 10 that light from
the window above the recessed bar
fell on the yellow box. II had q fins
coating Of dust and bore the le-
gend, "Fuller's Ant Poison" 1t had
been opened.
Il found It on the top shelf Of
the cupboard In the den." said
Froody. TT was showed way back"
The medical examiner turned
into the hall from the dead mans
room, his bag in his hand, his hat
on his head. Tuck held out the box
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
Extraterritoriaity
TheseDays5~y ~tHs eEo. %fe!p3s'ou9H e. soxoIs%1

what have you. The girls had paid
these foreigners from $50 TO 500
to marry them, more or less. with
the object OF a swift but dubious
transfer Of nationality. The girls
wanted It dubious, for business
reasons.
One OF the biggest businesses In
China under extraterritoriality was
the flag" business. Some Of the
consuls OF the weak and -ackward
powers enjoying extraterritoriality
used to clean up. selling the flag.
In a worl. II Chinese wanted to
go into the opium business-let
us say-and he needed foreign pro-
lection. he would buy foreign
flag In the form OF deal with
some consulate. When the Chi
nese government tried to arrest
their own citizen 70: crime
against their laws, they discover
ed he had become a foreigner en-
joying extraterritorlality all OF
sudden. What q racket that can
become In this country.
Copyright. 1916. for Ypsilanti
Daily Press)
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
ORDINANCE HOLDS
MINORS LIABLE

Ann Arbor. Feb. SAN amend
ment TO the city ordinances will
hold minors who falsify their ages
to obtain intoxicants. liable OF
misdemeanor. and punishable BY
500 fine or 80 days In the jail. The
law also applies to anyone who mis-
represents the age OF the minor In
order to obtain the intoxicants. The
amendment will become effective
10 days after legal publication.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
Extraordinarily

When the people up In Stamford
and Greenwich, Connecticut, wax
ed-as the old.timers said-eXcited.
also enthused, about making them
selves the site OF the UNO, they
obviously had no idea what they
were letting themselves In for.
Stamford, In particular, wants this
project, in the hope, perhaps. that
the visiting foreigners will make
OF their city. something OF a spa
or q casino or some other Euro
pean word for a place where those
who have money spend 1t on their
off-days, which are usual.
But the new proletarian dele
gates to UNO are neither the
spenders OF the ancient regime nor
are they OF the character and cali
bre. They are more likely to spend
their evenings pouring over vol
umes OF why the world went to
hell and what Is there to do about
Il than In the gaieties OF a gentle
society, and II they like the lighter
touch. they are likely to go to
such an institution as the Boar
Club. where they might be photo
graphed and peepholed for home
consumption.
Besides. they will be living In
an extraterritorial society. Those
parts of America in Stamford and
Greenwich. Connecticut, and West.
chester County, New York, where
UNO will be. will cease to be
U.S.A. The American Constitu-
ton will not obtain there. Nor
the Bill OF Rights. Nor the laws
OF the states of Connecticut or New
York, or the municipal ordinan.
ces of the cities nor the regula.
tions OF the OPA or the I.C.C. or
the FEC.
To enter this territory, an Amer
lean might be required to produce
visaed passport; should he be
arrested for expectorating on the
sidewalks Of this enclave, the State
Department might have to enter
upon prolonged negotiations for the
Americans extradition. Westbrook
Pegler lives up around in that
country and I'm Just awonderln'
II 1t will be necessary to place a
regiment OF Marines about his farm
to protect him from the foreign
powers In his vicinage.
I lived under extraterritoriallty
for more than 13 years. and can
tell you that for the benenciaries
OF the system, II is OK, although
II goes a bit hard on the natives,
like brother Pegler. In the FIRST
place. the beneficiaries live under
their own laws and are tried in
their own courts. There will be
some so nations II the UNO and
the delegates OF each live under
their own laws. Let me show you
precisely how It works and am
giving you this one out OF the book
Of personal experience:
There used to be a street in
Shanghai called Kiangst Road
which was lined with palaces OF
Joy. the wicked women being al.
most exclusively American. And
the American flag flew over these
gay and festive buildings, so that
no Chinese would dare enter them
to molest the habitues or their
customers. So along came a Unit
ed States attorney-for we had an
American court in Shanghai-who
loved his flag and scrupled over
its use. He gave the girls 10
much time to haul down the flag
or be depcrted-that Is, sent back
to the U. s. A. where that kind Of
business was not so profitable,
American girls not being so scarce
T.. the United States.
So. In due course, for the Ameri-
can flag was substituted the Portu.
guese. the Spanish, the Cuban and
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-02-06
Contract Signed
by Hoover, Union

Ann Arbor. Feb. sAOficiary the
strike OF Hoover Ball and Bearing
employees has been ended by the
signing OF one year contract be-
tween the union. Local rs. UAW-
CI0, and the management. The
men returned TO work January 2s.
The contract follows conventional
patterns, with 40 hour week. with
time and half for all over 40
hours, and double time for Sun
days, paid vacations. and rest per-
iods guaranteed by the company,
while the union promises no work
stoppages or strikes unless nego-
tiation for a reasonable length Of
time has failed to find solution
to grievances.