davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
GrosvenOr Square and Belgrave Square are the ast of the great London squares remain unspoIed
Crop of Insurance?

WASHINGTON, Aug. 27-Department of Agricul- ture predictions of bumper wheat and crops. With another bad crop of cotton again focus interest on the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation program It will lose money again this year. the loss cotton more than offsetting the profit wheat and flax.
 Last year the Crop Insurance Corporation took in nine million dollars in premiums and paid out 2l million dollars in ndemnities-a loss of l2 million collars. Only l92OOO farms were covered
 Winter wheat wasn't included because Congress didn't pass the necessary laws before planting time. Corn and tobacco were covered on an experimental basis ony 27000 farms in 19 counties The big loss was on cotton-nearly l4 million dollars
 Officials of the FCIC say people shouldn't take too dim view of this situation. When crop insur- ance was first authorized in 193o, it admitted that 25 years might be required to find formula that would work. It took much longer than that to put other forms of insurance on sound actuarial basis
 Also it is pointed out that crop insurance in- demnitieS aren't all loss. They do take in premiums and they get part of their money back which is than can be said for some other government farm programs.
 Nobody expects government crop insurance to show profit But if this thing worked right it should pile up reserves in the bumper years to offset losses in years of great drouth, hail wind, flood, freeze or insect hordes
 It doesn't work right. Nobody has found the right formula.
 Crop insurance was pioneered in this country about 1920 and not by the government either Private enterprise took whack at it and lost IA million dol lars The reason was that the crop insurance policies were written the basis of dollar-yield per acre. That being the year of great bust the bottom dropped out of the market between seed time and harvest and the insurers lost their shirts
 When the government went into the business lr 1938 decided to insure the bushel- yield per acre basis Average yields determined for each area Insurance was written on three-fourths or on one-haf of that average yield.
 If the historical average 12 bushels per acre the farmer could insure up to six nine bushels per acre. The premium on the latter was of course high er the farmer didn't harvest his crop the ndemni-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27

EDITORS NOTE-Drew Pearson, who always
 gets restless vacations, last week interrupted his vacation long enough to write the following column Marshal Tito. Pearson, incidentally, spent two years after the last directing relief work in Yugoslavia town in southern Serbia, "Pearsona- vatz" is named for him.
 NEW YORK, Aug 27-When the full details of
 the Teheran Conference told they will show that after Josef Stalin and Winston Churchill finished dividing up the Balkans-one of the worst things
 FDR. let them do-Stalin then sold Churchill on the
 trigger-happy little dictator who has just caused such
 crisis between the United States and Yugoslavia. Marshal Stalin at that stage of the Teheran Con-
 ference was in expansive mood. He had beaten down
 Churchis insstence that the 2nd front against Hit
 Ter be staged through the Balkans and had put an agreement instead that Russia take Ronania
 and Bulgaria, with Britain getting Greece and Yugo slavia. So at this point staln gave his friend Churchill some advice. The Adriatic coast of YugoSlava and the in which Britain is especially interested he said are Croatan, not Serb Therefore General
 Mihailovitch Serb, was the wrong man to run
 Yugoslayia. Instead Staln offered Churchill his man Tito Croat.
 Those are the inside facts on how Churchill hap
 pened to take on Tito and how the United States
 immediately switched tons of valuable lend-ease equipment to Stalin's puppet-in- disguise. The finishing touches to this tropic error were
 applied when Churchill sent his bungling, son. Ran
 dolph together with equally bunglng Brigadier Ftz
 in turn, played right into the hands of Stans shrewd
 plan to steal Yugoslavia right out from under the
 British
 When Dictator Tito fired U. S. arpanes re- gently it not the first time he had shown his
 teeth. His first snarng display of force toward the end of the relations between himself and the British began to cool.
 One night Tito's headquarters raided by a Nazi alrborne division and he barely escaped It so happened that this particular night young Ran
 dolph Churchill and all other Brtshers left Titos headquarters for the first time in two months. Tito beside himself with rage and suspicion
 figured the British out to doube-cross him, and
 shortly thereafter flew to Bari, Italy, then headquar ters for refugee Yugoslavs.
 AS Tito's plane landed, several hundred Yugo- | slavs armed with tommy guns surrounded it. No
 British official allowed anywhere their chief Later Tito invited to dine with Gen. Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, British commander in the Mediter- I ranean, and arrived at the dinner with two dozen l husky Yugoslav guards who lined up with tommy guns both sides of the dining room. T say Marshall remarked General Wilson, isn't
 this a most unusual procedure?" | This General" replied Tito lis most unusual l war"
 l Next day he flew to Bucharest, conferred with
 Russian officials then returned to Yugoslava. His l cooperation with the British absolutely dead
 He was openly working for Russia. Meanwhile
 the United States had poured millions in endlease material into TitoS hands.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
Mutual Opportunity

Thousands of pathetic Jewish victims seek the refuge from European suffering and hardship they so des perately need They seek it primarily in Palestine But they cannot find it there
 Thousands of miles from Palestine, another nation struggles with critical situation South Africa desper atey needs immigrants that appealing to people all over the world to migrate there. And it's efforts too thus far have met largely with failure.
 The South African crisis the less real for the fact that until very recently it has been little known De- vepent of Free State gold deposits extension and dvers fcaton of manufacturing and period of unprecedented economic growth for which the plans have long been peted all forestaed by labor shortage of staggering proportions
 The Pretoria government apparently desires and eommodate almost unlimited number of immigrants It needs workers of virtually category and degree of skill
 needs them immediately that is preparing series of handbooks in many languages to be given the widest possible distribution effort to interest people all over the world in the opportunities South Africa has to offer
 "The shortage of manpower is becoming increasingly in sstent and obstrusive said Field Marshal Jan C. Shuts recently And he went to add that every kind of good and useful immigrant would be welcome and that Eve want good Europeans We get hundreds of thousands ml lions of them. We want strong flow to supplement our human resources"
 While Jewish refugees look in vain for home then the Union of South Africa looks in vain for immigrants The two problems considered unit could readily be solved The Jewish wanderers offered the refuge they seek South Africa would provide South Africa with the manpower it seeks.
 South Africa has what perhaps no other nation on has at presena labor shortage and the to support the immigrants who relieve that short age It therefore, afford the Jewish refugees the he opportunity they seek.
 The Jewish refugees the other hand have something equally valuable to offer South Africa They constitute band of migrants both and desirable They in tremendous numbers The very industry which inspires such violent opposition to their admittance to Palestine the noadc Arabs renders them ideal for the African purpose.
 Why does not South Africa extend it's immigration in vitation specifically Jewish refugeesand doing convert mutual need into mutual opportunity?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
Better World Ahead

For the first time in many long years the American traveller today has to hope that better world lies ahead Deving deep into cobwebbed files of the distant past the American Hotel Association recently revived set of sound business practices long neglected and mailed them in pamphlet form, to it's 5000 members.
 Reads this booklet of joyful implication: Tomorrow the problem will be to devise ways and to meet compet ton every side For America faces new era of travel and business expansion"
 It then goes to stress check list of sales made future business The smart appearance and cordial of the clerk the neatness courtesy ef fcency of the beboy and elevator g and the rendness Of the telephone operator
 individual hotels take the association seriously here
 what you may expect from the clerk when you register at hostelry: Your clerk pleased to he has the attitude of expectngnot just anyonebut He makes feel welcome that both and the hotel there to you Please disregard that early call left at the desk sr-we have postwar dream ing to do. -.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
by Peter EdS0n

ty was cut 20 percent The premium might be bushel acre.
 In 1941 the corporation took on cotton. It was covered in progressive policy Every time the farm cultivated, his coverage increased up to lay-by time If the crop picked full coverage given. If the crop abandoned the insurance went down. The idea to keep the farmer from being able to make more money by abandoning his crop and collecting his insurance than he could make by harvesting what there was of a lean yield
 Premiums aren't payable in advance: as other insurance Crop insurance premiums become due at harvest time Premiums aren't paid in cash, but in bushels of grain pounds of cotton tobacco. Premiums average out to approximately 10 percent of yield, which is high.
 Say the crop is cotton and the farmers yield is 1000 pounds below his average. If he has one-half coverage the farmer collects a certificate for 800 pounds of cotton his indemnity He sell this certificate, just like bale of cotton, for cash. Or he can get a Commodity Credit Corporation loan and hold his cotton in the warehouse gambling little on rise in price.
 When the Crop Insurance Corporation issues certificate of this kind, it buys equivalent amount of cotton to hold hedge against price fluctua- tons, and so protects itself.
 Federal crop insurance dropped after 1943 But it was reinstated in 1945 on wheat cotton and flax, with authority for the experimental coverage of corn and tobacco.
 Last year the losses on tobacco were only nine percent of the premiums but the losses corn due to a wet Spring and soft grain, 166 percent greater than the premiums
 For the 1947 crop year, with winter wheat in the program, about 500O00 farmers have taken out crop insurance. Considering that the U. S. has six million farms this isn't many.
 No estimate what the losses will be this year. But if they hit bad crop year. like of the 193o drouth years, the losses will be terrific.
 The present law says that no part of the Federal Crop Insurance Corporations 00-mon- dollar cap tal stock may be used to pay indemnites after 1949 But President Truman asked the last Congress to extend the program to other crops an he will prob ably repeat the request to the next Congress.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
Justice McReynolds

On his retirement from the United Staes Supreme Court in 1941 Justice James Clark McReynold the oldest justice years and number of in office and the last of the mine old men, so-caed. He bitter foe of the Deal and held record of voting against New Deal than any other member. His when all the and details assembled in the life of this tcuar justice will present him of the great dis senters
 He entered the political field back in 1896, defender of the gold standard and since that time has been in and of politics. He summed his opposition to New Deal measures these worlds We believe in the Constitution as written and not whted away in tenuous reasoning From 1886 on he filed dssents steadily.
 Starting trust buster under Theodore Roose vet McReynolds regarded liberal in day when
 liberal had the advanced ideas of later day, and species against which he bitterly opposed. In the Franklin Roosevelt circle he regarded as conserva- tive.
 His 26 years the bench of service and effort to maintain certain principles designed not to tamper with the Constitution Though his beliefs might not coi eide with his associates his honesty of purpose could not be questioned
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
by Randolph Churchill

this is the best alternative. And no circumstances will any buildings be used for shops and offices.
 The square has been closely associated with America and Americans since the Revolution. John Adams, first American Ambassador to this country lived at No. g, and the house still bears plaque commemorating his tenure Walter Hines Page that great friend of Britain during the first World War, when he the American Ambassador, lived at No 6 from 1913 until 1918 Gen Eisenhow- CTS headquarters during the last filled the square with American uniforms And at present, the Amer can Embassy with it's many departments, still oc- cupes several buildings on the square.
 The final plans for the layout of the garden are being considered by the Pilgrim Society under whose Ministry of Works. The square is to be laid out as lawn, with the statue at one end. The Government will bear the cost of the garden ard, the pill is approved the Pilgrim Society will launch lppeal for funds the cost of the statue Sir William Reid Dick has been commissioned to execute
 bronze figure of the late President.
 After six years of war the square is battered and rab. Nissen huts and Army lorres have taken the 3ace of the cool secluded gardens of l939 But those gardens raed in, hidden from the public eye; only residents of the square had to them The raings have long since vanished, taken for sion into weapons of war, and the new Grosvenor Square will be open space, free for anyone to enter and enjoy.
 The figure of Roosevelt will command the square -a fitting memorial to man who gave his life in he service of world freedom. Once before there
 statue in Grosvenor Square. In 1725, certain John Most commissioned to build there statue of George l. But the subsequent defacement of the statue of that unpopular monarch caused the author ities to have it removed. There will be danger of
 repetition these old offenses there is no man living dead whom London honors so highly and cherishes warmly as the late President Roosevelt
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
Views of the Press

tWenty-six years, became known as 'the lone dissenter.' His voluntary retirement in 1941 marked the end of an era. It was his opposition to the spread of Federal control, to- gether with that of Justice Van De vanter and Sutherland, which so reused the ire of President Roose- welt against the nine Old Men" that he proposed his court-expan- sion plan. But among the dWindling ranks of the conservatives Justice McReynolds voted his convictions to the last. He stood immovable on the rock of the written Constitu- tion," resisting the New Deal and all it's works.
 In sense this was strange, for before his appointment to the tri- bunal he was regarded by many as an advanced liberal and by some as radical. AS Attorney General under President Wilson he made a notable record as a militant trust buster. But his course on the high bench was entirely consistent with his deep devotion to States rights as basic to our national structure. With the election of President Roosevelt it was clear that times and attitudes were changing, but Justice McReynolds refused to shift with the wind. He said, You can not paint white rose red" From his opinion in the famous gold clause case, in which he spoke for the minority who felt shame and humiliation" at our loss of repu- tation for honorable dealing" he never deviated. He met legislation of the new Administrator head on, matched it against his ideas of con- Stitutional government, and ap- proved practically none of it.
 Justice McReynolds would have felt utterly alien and isolated on the Court as it exists today. He was succeeded by James F. Byrnes, now Secretary of State; and the infiltra- tion of Roosevelt appointees con- tinued until the completion of the tribunal had been changed as ef- fectively as it would have been un- der the "court-packing'' plan. But Justice McReynolds, had he re- mained on the bench, would not have changed. It was not in his nature to alter or compromise his principles. Affable in private life, acid and -necked in his firmly argued legal opinions, he would have remained to the end, as Chief Jus- tice Hughes described him, forth right and independent.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
Waterbury or the Past

25 Years Ago William Farnum appeared in Riders of the Purple Sage" at the Garden.
 At the Strand, Wallace Reid ap- peared in Too Much Speed"
 15 Years Ago Run1or had it that local schools would not open in the Fall as 54 cases of polio" were reported. A former local man, wanted for embezzlement in New Haven, was apprehended here.
 5 Years Ago Harry Jennings was vacationing in New York.
 Misses Mildred FarnSworth and Jane Collins, students at Connecti- cut University, were spending the summer at Cape Cod.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
GOVERNOR BALDWIN FOR
 SENATOR
(NeW York Herald -Tribune)

(New York Herald Tribune)
 Connecticut Republicans have shown common sense and sound leadership in persuading Governor Raymond E. Baldwin to run for the United States Senate. After three terms at the head of the state gov ernment, the last two of them con- secutive, Governor Baldwin had re- petedly expressed his intention to retire to the private practice of law next year. but the call for his con- tinued public service as Senator has been so clear and persistent that he has consented to become candi- date for the place soon to be vaca- ted by the retiring Senator Thomas c. Hart, of Sharon. The state con- vention will undoubtedly ratify that decision when it meets in Hartford early this month.
 Sometimes when politicians refer to public demand" for candidate they are trying to promote such a demand by artificial means. Ere quently they overlook an honest and healthy popular interest in candi- date to promote some special pro- ject of their own devising.
 In Governor Baldwin's case it is interesting to note that the de- mand for his candidacy was genu- inc, state wide and prompetly recog- nized. It came from Republican leaders anxious for a strong, vic- toriouS ticket in November. It came also from private citizens seeking a high standard of representation in the United States Senate and know ing the quality of judgement, ex- perience and statesmanship which Ray Baldwin could bring to the job in Washington.
 In Connecticut, compact and closely knit politically, such a crys- utilization of sentiment on public affairs is not difficult to observe. The state is fortunate in having a Republican organization alert to the popular demand and ready to act on it without prolonged and evasive political maneuverS.
 With Governor Baldwin's ob- viouS reluctance to become can didate for public office again, the Senate post might have been jobbed around among half dozen avail ables' while the state leaders weigh ed their own and not the public in- terest. Instead, by agreeing prompt ly on the obvious and outstanding choice, the party has improved its prospects of victory in November.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-08-27
by DrezV Pearson

Shortly after that when British commandos land- ed at Split on the Yugosav coast to try to head off and sent them back to Italy
 Today in Yugoslavia, Tito is anything but popu- lar and if it wasn't for the support of Russia he would be out on his ear. The Serbs, who formerly the country, don't like him, because he is Croat and they have been put on the sidelines The Croat people also don't particularly like him because they are strong Roman Catholics and he is Con- munist Only people who really like Tito the Montenegrns and their leaders adore him-for very special reason.
 The Montenegrins the born fighters of Yugo- sava Living in one of the rockies countries in the world, they have nothing to do but fight-or migrate to America, which they did in large numbers before the war; Almost every third Montenegrin you met in the old days spoke a little broken English and had worked for time in the steel mills of Pittsburgh Youngstown.
 Montenegrins make up the backbone of Tito's army and they have been trigger-happy since they old enough to roll out of their wooden cradles.
 This writer lived for two years the junction of the Albanian Serb and Monenegrin borders where the Yugoslav Government at that time had great difficulty keeping it's federal officials long duty Some were shot; others resigned before they were shot.
 Usually the Yugoslav natchalnk or prefect would appeal to us to carry him across the country from the railhead to his post He knew the guerrilla fight CTS, unlike Tito's army today, would not fire
 
 got so bad that Yugoslav officials unpaid for several weeks because the government could not send in money without having it highjacked
 Finally had of trucks bring in 900 dinars to meet the payroll The truck however got stuck route and sat for two days in the mud vr- tually unguarded except for American chauffeur It loaded with ten tons of nails and dynamite with the 9000,000 dinars sitting in box on top. have often wondered what would have happened had the local warriors been as trgger-happy with that American truck Titos today with Amer can arplanes
 American relief organizations, at that time had poured millions into Yugosavia. But with the mill lions they had sent American nurses doctors and relief workers who lived with the people and got to know them Some Americans even stayed on perma- and probably still area lovable people But in this war Soviet propaganda plus the distribution of U.NR.R.A. supplies by international personnel has made it impossible for the Yugesav people to know where the relief has come from and who are their real friends.
 NOTE-Though Tito poses swaggering prod uct of the Yugoslav mountains, real fact is that he took doctors degree at the University of Vienna and speaks German with a cultured Viennese accent Most of the time Tito is play-actng, and what the United States needs in Belgrade is representative who can oucuss him in his language.