davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-01
More Policemen Needed

Police superintendent Callahan's S
request for 125 more policemen is
fully justified by conditions facing
the Metropolitan Police Department
during the period of postwar read
juStment Immediately ahead. This
troublesome period poses problems
not only of departmental reorgan-
ization but of increasing crime. The
expansion sought by the new super
intendent would provide for the
return to the force of policemen
who left during the war to serve
in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps
or Coast Guard. Even with this
enlargement of the department, how
ever, Washington's police force still
will be short of its authorized
strength Of 1886 by so men. This
authorized strength presumably is
the minimum required for efficient
policing of a city the size of this
swollen community.
The Federal Bureau of Investiga-
ton recently called attention to
marked upward trend of crime since
the close of the war-especially
among children in their teens.
Nearly every police department in
the country has noted this ominous
trend and is taking steps to combat
it. Officials who recall the wave of
lawlessness which swept the coun-
try after the First World War are
on the alert to forestall a recurrence
of such conditions in the wake of
the recent conflict. One of the ways
to prepare against such an outbreak
is to develop asstrong, active and in
telligent police department, trained
not only in detecting crime and
arreSting criminals but in methods
of discouraging and preventing
crime.
Evening star., 1946-03-01
Diplomacy and Espionage
By RAYMOND NJ oIey

effort is made to get advance informa-
ton about the opposition's speeches.
At what point in the relations among
nations does espionage cease to be a
game and become an international
crisis? No fiat rule can be set down.
Presumably, the matter becomes Seri-
GUS when a foreign diplomat interferes
in domestic politics. 1t is serious when
foreign embassy organizes subversive
activities among the citizens where he
resides. War accentuates the serious
ness of all diplomatic activities.
1t must be pointed out, further, that
international spying goes on outside the
diplomatic field. Some countries carry
on systems of espionage wholly un-
known to the diplomatic corps. In some
instances such an espionage agency re-
ports solely and exclusively to the head
of the government. And the books are
full of instances where spy who gets
caught is repudiated by the very gov
ernment which employs him.
In the Canadian-Russian case, we
don't yet know enough to draw con-
clusions. What is clear is that as long
as the atomic bomb remains a secret
there will be efforts by powers outside
the secret to learn about it. What rests
on us is to sharpen our counterespio-
mage, to centralize our intelligence serv-
ices and to avoid hysteria.
Above and beyond that is the duty to
labor necessarily to create the sort of
general international relations which
will render the inevitable disclosures of
espionage less of a sensation. For we
shall never reach the point where one
nation will not try to find out what is
going on abroad.
{Released by the Associated Newspapers. Inc)
Evening star., 1946-03-01
Philadelphia Riots

The street fighting between police
and strikers in Philadelphia, out
growth of refusal on the part of
the latter to obey court injunction
against mass picketing, is much too
serious in it's implications to be
taken lightly by any one,
Under the National Labor Rela-
tions Act, employers are subject to
regulation by the courts. Usually,
the procedure is that union COM
plains to the NLRB that an employer
has been guilty of an unfair labor
practice. If the board finds this
complaint to be well founded, it di-
rects the employer to desist from
the practice. If the employer does
not comply with the directive, the
board can and does go to a Federal
Circuit Court for an order requir-
ing the employer to obey, and if he
ignores the courts order he goes to
jail for contempt. And all of this
is done with the full and enthusiast
tic approval of the unions.
In the case of mass picketing,
however, the shoe is on the other
foot. Some unions, including the
CIO General Electric strikers in
Philadelphia, as we'll as others in
such places as New Jersey and Con-
necticut, are undertaking to trample
on the rights of employers and non
strikers, to defy the orders of the
courts, and to forcibly resist the
efforts of the police to enforce those
orders.
1t cannot fairly be said that this
is general union practice, for in some
instances, notably in the recent
Pittsburgh strike, the unions have
complied with court orders limiting
the number and activities of pickets
But at the same time, there is no
use in blinking the fact that the
trend toward defiance of the courts
seems to be on the rise, and, to
some degree, it is beginning to take
the form of pattern of union, par
ticularly CIO union, activity
The disorders in Philadelphia
Evening star., 1946-03-01

have been accompanied by union
complaints of police brutality"
This may or may not be a justified
accusation, but there is not the
slightest doubt that the trouble was
pfecipitated by the lawless conduct
of the strikers. Fortunately, it does
not appear that, as yet, any one
has been seriously hurt. If this sort
of thing is permitted to continue,
however, there is more than a little
chance that serious injuries and
even deaths will result. If for no
other reason, this prospect should
give pause to those national labor
leaders and those members of the
Senate who say that lawlessnesS and
violence on the part of strikers is
not properly concern of the Fed
eral Government.
Evening star., 1946-03-01
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

A report on "intellectuals and the
French renaissance" from a recent con-
greSs of the French Communist party,
reads almost exactly like Hitler'S views
on art, and threatens that the new
iconism, the outward manifestation of
fuehrer-worship, may shortly engulf
France.
A visitor to Hitlerite Germany was
nauseated by ubiquitous chromos of the
Fuehrer, which had to be exhibited in
every Office and home. The new court
painters, who made very good thing
out of theological reliability, depicted
him always in a highly idealized man
ner, as the brooding philosopher, the
powerful orator, or the armored knight,
and for a few marks every household
could (and had darned well better dis
play him in the place of honor, prefer
ably with vase of flowers underneath
his enframed visage. Visitors to Office
or family were thus reminded by the
picture to salute and he'll.
Whenever Russian occupation armies
marched, they were accompanied by
truckloads of new icons. Now Stains
face, blazoned on banners, was carried
as though it were monstrance. in
religious procession, and appeared over
night in every shop. while tens of thou
sands of Red paper flags f1uttered from
all the windowsills. In Czechoslovakia
it gave one a remarkable impression of
a change in actors, but not in the play
itself One looked in vain for the face
of Roosevelt. Occasionally, amidst the
red mass and the ubiquitous face one
saw a little American flag, cut out of
paper and crudely colored with crayons,
hung out, one felt, with half-deflant
nonconformism.
Philip Hamburger, in a recent issue
of the New Yorker, reports the same
fuehrer indoctrination in Yugoslavia-
the two faces, Stain and Tito, in tens
of thousands of reproductions, broad
cast for display at price and carried
in tired and monotonous professions by
uniformed youth all shouting, "Zivio
Tee-to." and singing anthems of praise
and gratitude to the fuehrer exactly
reminiscent of the hymns to Hitler
Now, the French Communists an
nounce new orientation in French art.
1t is to bring about the union OF art
with the nation" to satisfy other needs
than those of the handful of decadent
sickly snobs who led them (the artists
to the worst experiments and aberra-
tions" They must respond to health
ier passions" The people are thirsty
for the tonic, and heroic" The "de-
cadent artists are incapable of giving
them these things"
These echo Hitler's words on July 18.
Evening star., 1946-03-01

1887, on experiments and alterations.
ANY one who sees sky green should
be sterilized." Works of art that can
not be understood but need a set of
swollen instructions to prove their right
to exist, and which find their way to
neurotics receptive for such insolent
nonsense, will no longer find the road
open to the German nation"
Ironically enough, it is Picasso who is
elevated to head the new French move
ment-precisely that painter whose
genius was recognized and fame made
by the "decadent snobs" of picture-deal-
ing and picture-buying bourgeoisie, and
whose paintings might be described as
the recording by supersenSitivity of gen.
eral disintegration.
But Picasso has joined the Commu-
mist party, and, like many German
artist under Hitter, is apparently pre-
pared to follow "the line" and become
one of the first court painters to the
anticipated new fuehrers. We learn
that Picasso, Pignon and Fougeron have
been commissioned to paint the por-
traits of the Communist leaders, Tho
rez, Duclos and Cachin. They and 9TH
ers will be made financially independent
of the 'sickly snobs,' because these por-
traits, and other proper pictures repro
duced, each with royalty to the artist,
will soon replace the postman's cal
endar in every peasant or workers
home" Thus the artist will be lin
contact with the masses"
OF course reproductions of master
pieces always have been available to
every peasant or worker everywhere for
a cheap price, but these reproductions
are different. Given good break for
the Communists and soon the great
leaders will shine on the walls of every
cottage and apartment, to prove for the
secret police that the tenant is not IAN
enemy of the people" The painters
will have financial security and the
people will have "art"-protected by the
police. At least, each humble home will
have an icon in place of "depraved"
picture of a kitten playing with ball
of wool
For century, France has surpassed
the world in the art of painting, and
even the Soviet Union carefully guards
as a national treasure its galleries of
French impressionists confiscated from
private owners-those "sickly snobs."
But, if Delacroix and Gegas, Renoir
and Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gogh and
Cezanne produced without benefit of
dictator's court, what can their success
sors not accomplish with the patronage
of M Thorez, ever ready to sit for his
mug on an icon?
(Released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc)
Evening star., 1946-03-01
Doniphun Remembered

Not every American knows the
story of Alexander William Doni-
phan, yet his achievements merit
the remembrance of his country
men. In rough outline, the facts
are these: He was born in Mason
County, Kentucky, July 9, 1903, and
was educated at Augusta College
and in the law Office of Martin
Marshall. BY the time he was ELI
gible to vote, he had won repu-
tation at the bar in both his
native State and Ohio. Removing
first to Lexington and then to
Liberty, Missouri, he soon after 1880
became the acknowledged leader of
his profession in the neighborhood
of his new home.
At the outbreak of the war with
Mexico in 1846, Doniphan organized
the First Regiment of Missouri
Mounted Volunteers and, against his
wish, was chosen its colonel Start
ing at Fort Leavenworth, he quieted
the Navajo Indians in New Mexico
and with eight hundred and fifty-six
men in his command commenced
an operation which took him from
Valverde on the Rio Grande to
Chihuahua City. On Christmas Day
he defeated a force of six hundred
Mexicans at Ell Brazito; on December
27 he occupied the village of Ell
Paso; on February 8, 1847, he set
out with nine hundred and twenty
four men to strike at the heart of
the Mexican frontier defense system.
At Sacramento on February %, he
met over three thousand Mexican
troops under General Pedro Garcia
Conde. The fighting was furious for
while. When it ended, Doniphan
was the victor He entered Chihua-
hua ninety-nine years ago today
conqueror in the full meaning of
the word.
The Dictionary of American Biog-
raphy says: "This expedition
is still considered one of the most
brilliant long marches ever made"
1t had no quartermaster, no pay
master, no commissary, no uniforms,
no tents, not even military disci-
pline, yet it covered thirty-six hun
dred miles by land and two thousand
miles by water, winding up at Mata-
moras, in less than a dozen months.
Doniphan himself shortly returned
Evening star., 1946-03-01

Charles A. Beard, noted historian and
political scientist, once said, half seri-
ously, that the best way to promote
international peace would be to elimi-
nate all ambassadors, ministers and dip
lomatic agents, except for special and
designated missions. He pointed out
that, historically and actually, such
agents in foreign countries are normally
the means through which the home
government keeps informed about all
manner of doings abroad.
DR.. Boards suggestion is an extreme
way of pointing out what goes on in the
great game of diplomacy. The most
capable members of the foreign service
of any country are those who find out
most about the country where they are
stationed. Their reports are voluminouS,
littering, every day, the desks of the
higher officers of the home foreign Of
fee When in the State Department, I
often calculated that If read all the
foreign reports there would not be a
minute left for anytl ing else. These
reports cover all kinds of things, some
trivial, some significant. Information is
gathered at dinners and cocktail parties,
through private messages and by ocular
observation. High secrets often come
through labeled only for the chief of the
department. Gentle espionage is not
frowned upon.
Why do we send military and naval
attaches abroad? To keep in touch with
every army and navy development
everywhere.
All this is taken as matter of course
by all concerned. 1t is like the mild art
of spying which goes on among football
and baseball teams. When Notre Dame
sends an observer to an Army football
game, he is not thrown out of the park.
He is welcomed, just as rivals are well
coined at South Bend. On professional
baseball teams, the best coach is the
one who catches onto the opposition's
signals. In political campaigns, every
Evening star., 1946-03-01
Strange NormuIity
From the Halifax Herald.


The leader of the United States Mu-
slcians' Union has just issued a COM
munication to all broadcasting stations
In that country stating that: During
the war, radio stations were permitted
to broadcast musical programs origi-
mating abroad in order to promote good
Will and good relationship with other
countries. However, now that the war
is over, we believe that we should get
back to normal as rapidly as possible.
Therefore, you will kindly discontinue
the broadcasting of any musical pro-
grams emanating from foreign coun.
tries" Quite evidently this union leader
believes it is not normal" to promote
good will and good relationship with
other countries" 1t is, surely, an un-
fortunate attitude. This war-weary old
world wants no return to a "normalcy"
that regards international good will as
abnormal. The peoples of the earth are
praying for the day when universal
brotherhood and good will shall be rec
ognized as the norm of human conduct
the acknowledged standard of a truly
Christian civilization.
Evening star., 1946-03-01

that any spark might cause fire which
might spread very far. The Spanish
people are unhappy under the strict
Franco regime. but there are few coun-
tries in Europe today where the people
are enjoying their governments. Spain.
therefore, is no exception and the
Franco government is believed to be no
worse than the dictatorial governments
in Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania and
Bulgaria
The only real difference is that the
Spanish dictator's masters-Hitler and
Mussollnl-are dead and he Is on his
own now,, while those in Eastern and
Southeastern Europe still have to play
to the tune Of Moscow. The Caudillo is
said to have expressed in of -the-record
conversations with representatives of the
western powers his desire to seek other
protectors" Since he has burned his
bridges, SO far as Moscow is concerned,
he has intimated he would like to enter
some sort of western bloc" should one
ever materialize.
The French government took the lead
in the offensive against the Spanish die
tator at time when Gen. de Gaulle had
become the provisional president of
France and hoped to keep the Com
munists and Leftist Socialists on his
side. Gen. de Gaulle, who himself has
always had dictatorial tendencies, did
not wish to upset the Spanish applicant
by direct action. But he played along
with Maurice Thorez, the head of the
French Communists, and made the first
approaches to Washington and London
for common action against Franco.
4 +
Because of his halfhearted action,
nothing happened. But soon after his
political eclipse and temporary retire.
ment from the French political scene,
the Communist leaders, who now have
far greater influence in Frances do
mestic and foreign affairs, persuaded
Foreign Minister Bidault to take direct
action. The French cabinet was
threatened with another ministerial
crisis, which would have incalculable
consequences because of the internal
conditions in France, unless it ordered
an immediate break with Spain.
Our State Departments policy franz
ers, whose ideologies are far more theo-
retical than those of their counterparts
in Britain, crystallized the French move
by proposing in unequivocal terms that
Franco be asked to quit
Secretary Byrnes and his associates
are said not to fear any major reaction
as a result of their demand for Frances
custer. They believe the Spanish people
will rally around the great powers and
accept a government composed of the
many political factions which exist in
side and outside Spain.
Evening star., 1946-03-01
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

After series of consultations with
State Department policy trainers, Secre-
tary Byrnes decided last week that a
Blue Book such as had been issued on
the cooperation between the Argentine
military government and the Nazis
would not be sufficient in the case of
Generalissimo Francisco Franco, and
direct action was necessary.
The note which was sent on Sunday
to France and Great Britain seeking
their cooperation in attempts to over
throw the Spanish dictator had Presi-
dent TrumanS approval.
Washington fully expects that the
reaction in Spain will not be delayed
and hopes that the Caudillo will retire
when his close connections with Hitler
and Mussolini between 1886 and 1912
have been revealed by the three demo-
cratic powers, America, Britain and
France.
The custer of Franco has been a
question of long discussions among the
Allied powers.
American public opinion has favored
direct and drastic action for some time
Heretofore the British government has
been only luAewarm for two reasons
1t did not wish to risk another major
disturbance In the already chaotic
Europe in the event Frances African
armies supported him, and, moreover,
the realistic British general staff was
not fully convinced that the custer of
Franco would be safety measure for
the empire.
The British military men, while hav-
ing little use for the Spanish dictator,
recalled that Franco could have helped
Hitler prolong the war indefinitely had
he agreed in 1912 to allow the Germans
to use the Spanish airfields or had he
co-operated with the Nazis by attacking
the British at Gibraltar during the
American-British landings in North
Africa.
The landings were such a hazardous
operation that the American Govern
ment decided-over the protests of a
large section of the American public
to deal directly with Admiral Darlan,
who was later assaSsinated. The British
refused to deal with the outspoken
British-hating French admiral, but they
are reported to have secured the flanks
Of the Allied armies by obtaining
Frances assurance that he would not
yield to German pressure for assistance.
The British military men, who are i'm
bued with a practical idealism, have
taken the attitude that since Germany
and Italy are completely knocked out
for an indefinite. number of genera
tions, no good purpose could be served
by forcing Franco from power. The
world is in such highly nervous state
Evening star., 1946-03-01
Advice From an Expert

LII Calling OH former FreSlQeQL
Herbert Hoover for advice and as
SiStance In the Governments cam
paign to relieve the hunger of peo-
pies abroad through Tightening of
belts in this country, President Tru-
man wisely has sought the aid of a
veteran authority on such matters.
1t is surprising that Mr. Hoover's ex-
traordinary experience in the fields
of food conservation and interna-
tlonal relief has not been put to
good use by his Government before
this late stage of postwar rehabili-
tatlon. 1t is timely to look back
ward to the First World War and to
the trying times that followed it and
to recall Mr.. Hoover's remarkable
achievements as relief commissioner
and food administrator.
Mr.. Hoover'S World War I service
began when the American Embassy
in London drafted" the visiting
California engineer to assist stranded
American tourists in getting out of
Europe. He was engaged in this
complicated task when he was asked
to undertake an even bigger job
the organization and direction of an
emergency relief program for de-
vaStated Belgium. He transferred
his attention to the new and wider
field with display of energy and
inspirational leadership that over
came obstacles of red tape, inter
national prejudices, widespread
apathy and other disheartening set
backs and that eventually won him
the confidence of many nations and
the acclaim of many peoples. Dur
ing its four years of operations Mr..
Hoover's Belgium Relief Commits
sion fed more than 100000 per-
sons and expended nearly billion
and a half dollars. During this
time Mr.. Hoover drew no salary and
paid his own expenses.
After Americas entry into the
war, President Wilson lost no time
in Summoning Mr.. Hoover to Wash
ington for service as chairman of
the food section of the Council of
National Defense, post which led
to his appointment in August, 1917,
as Federal food administrator. 1t
was as Americas conservator of
especially of flour and sugar
that Mr.. Hoover's name became
incorporated into the language as a
popular synonym for food saving.
To "Hooverize," the dictionary says,
is ito economic in food or it's dis
tribution." Mr.. Hoover's greatest
undertaking, however, began with
the close of the war, when Presi-
dent Wilson sent him to Europe to
organize and supervise relief for
millions threatened with starvation
and disease. AS director general of
the American Relief AdminiStra-
ton, Mr.. Hoover directed the dis
tribution of food and other supplies
to an estimated 20O,OO0,O0O persons.
With such wealth of experience to
draw upon, Mr.. Hoover'S counsel
should be extremely valuable to the
Government in its latest humani-
tartan enterprise in behalf of the
victims of war.
Evening star., 1946-03-01

to Missouri and his legal business.
He tried to prevent the conflict
between the North and the South
in 1861, but, failing, quietly carried
on his practice in st. Louis and other
places until his death in 1887. His
services are commemorated by two
monuments m Missouri. He was a
typical American in the sense that
he was willing to accomplish his
purposes the hard way when no
other way was feasible.