davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
Macarthur Announce,
New Jap Constitution
Barring War Forever
Emperor Is Retained. but
Stripped of All Real
Government Powers
BY the Associated Press

TOKYO, Mar. GA new Japa-
neSe constitution renouncing
war for all time and prohibit
ing the maintenance of armed
forces was announced today.
Gen. Macarthur, reporting that
it was drafted with his full APP
proval, emphasized that the fore
most of its provisions that
abollshing war as a sovereign right
of the nation = $ renders (Japans)
future security and very survival
subject to the good faith and JUS
tice of the peaceloving peoples of
the world"
Hirohito, who will be reduced
from "a sacred and inviolable" en-
peror to symbol of state with very
limited formal functions, issued a
special rescript stating:
ut is my desire that the consti-
tuition of our empire be revised
drastically upon the basis of the
general will of the people and the
principle of respect for the funda-
mental human rights.
Il command hereby the COM
petent authorities Of my govern
men to put forth in conformity
with my wish their best efforts
toward accomplishment of this end"
Gen. MacArthur's approval of
the constitution. maintaining
the Mikado as a symbol of state,
presumably ends any possibility
of his being arrested as a war
crimes suspect)-
Sovereignty in People.
The proposed constitution vests
sovereignty in the people and strips
all governmental powers from the
Emperor.
1t replaces the powerful House of
Peers with a House of Councillors
who must be elected by all of the
people and who may be overridden
by the House of Representatives on
some major issues.
1t enumerates a long list of revo-
lutionary individual rights for the
Japanese.
1t renounces war as a sovereign
right of the nation and the threat
or use of force as a means of set
Ting disputes"
Wataru Narahashi, chief cabinet
secretary, told a press conference
the constitution lis one of the draS-
tic steps the government must take"
and he hopes it will be blood
less revolution"
Premier Kijuro Shidehara said in
a statement:
IF our people are to occupy a
place of honor in the family of ma
tons, We must see to it that our
constitution internally establishes
firmly the foundation for democratic
government and externally leads the
rest of the world for abolition of
war"
Diet to Select Premier.
The constitution provides for Sc
lection of the premier by the Diet,
but also specifies that the present
officers can remain. Nevertheless,
five members of the present cabinet
may be forced to resign when a
new extension of the Macarthur
ordered political purge is announced
in few days.
The constitution says the Emperor
is "a symbol of state" deriving his
position from the sovereign will of
the people" he never shall have
powers related to the government. I"
The new constitution also limits
lSee- Japan. Page A-5l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
(Tert of ChurchilPs Speech on
Page 49,
BY the Associated Press

A number of influential Sena-
tors today rejected Winston
Churchill's suggestion for a mill
tary coalition with Britain as an
affront inviting Russian retalia-
ton and a body blow" to the
United Nations.
Senator George, Democrat, OF
Georgia told reporter that an
agreement to dovetail American and
British armed forces, such as pro-
posed by the former Prime Minister
in his speech at Fulton, Mo-, yester-
day, would weaken the United Ma
tons as strong and dominant Or
ganization"
Il think it would be a body blow
to the UNO if the world understood
that the United States and Britain
were entering into anything that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
Another Overseas Star
Available Today

The latest Overseas Edition
of The Star is available to-
day at both The Star Office
and the Victory Bond booth
in Lansburgh's Department
Store.
Copies are free, with en-
velopes for mailing, but the
edition is strictly limited.
Please do not waste a single
copy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
Notes on Manchuria
And Iran Rushed 10
Moscow by Byrnes
Unusual Diplomatic Steps
Are Taken TO Express
DisopprovuI of Activities
By Gornett D. Homer

The United States exerted un-
usual diplomatic efforts today tc
squelch peace-disturbing Rus
sian activities in Manchuria anc
Iran.
Secretary of State Byrnes sem
two hastily prepared notes to Mos.
COW which were understood to ex.
press firm opposition to:
l. Soviet efforts to arrange dis.
posal of Manchurian industries in 6
manner constituting clear discrim.
nation against Americans anc
other Allies who bore the major
burden of defeating Japan"
2. Retention in parts of Iran Of
Red Army forces which he insists
unquestionably were scheduled BY
agreement to leave by last Satur-
day.
Contents Not Made Public.
Mr.. Byrnes indicated the serious
ness of his concern over these mat
tiers by forsaking the usual diplo-
matte practice of preparing notes
through extended consultations and
then giving time for their study in
the capital to which they are sent
before announcing their dispatch.
The basis for the two notes to
Moscow developed during the day
yesterday and the State Depart
ment announced last night that
they had been sent. Their contents
were not made public pending their
receipt in Moscow, but spokesman
did say what they were about.
At press conference earlier yes
terday Mr.. Byrnes appeared irri-
tated that Moscow SO far had ig-
nored February 8 request for full
and frank discussion" of the prob
lem in Manchuria and japanese
Preparations generally.
He said he had just received a
Chinese government report of Rus
sian claims to japanese industries
in Manchuria as Red Army war
booty" and proposals for joint op-
GRAFTON with the Chinese of remain
ing Manchurian enterprises. He
then tersely announced his intention
of communicating promptly with
Moscow again.
Comedies With Churchill Plea.
The note on Iran was sent imme-
diately after Mr.. Byrnes received an
appeal through Iranian Ambassa-
dor Hussein Ala from the Iranian
government to support it's protest
against Russian failure to live up to
an agreement for withdrawal of
Soviet occupation forces by March 2.
Mr.. Byrnes' effort to force diplo-
matte showdown with Russia over
the type of issues which he said in a
New York speech last week are
breeding suspicion and distrust'
conceded dramatically with former
British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill's plea at Fulton, Mo, for
quick creation of an Anglo-American
military alliance.
Some diplomatic observers be-
lieved Mr.. Churchills address would
help bring critical issues out into
the open for peaceful adjustment.
or lead toward definite development
of spheres of influence and intensi-
fled armament.
Mr.. Byrnes was stalking his hope
for adjustment of problems raised
by Russian activities on the belief
that plain speaking would induce
the Soviet government to cooperate
in working out settlements to main
tain unity among the big Allied
powers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
British Fleet Due 10 Sail
For 6 Weeks Maneuvers

LONDON, Mar. 6.-The Admiralty
last night said units of the British
Home Fleet would sail from Port
land, England, tomorrow for six
weeks of maneuvers which will in
clude battle exercises off Gibraltar.
A Foreign Office spokesman, in
answer to a question, said the ma
neuvers were not in any way related
to the three-power declaration of
the United States, Great Britain and
France calling for the removal OF
the Franco regime in Spain.
The battleship Nelson will lead
the 10th Cruiser Squadron and an
escort of five destroyers during the
battle phase of the maneuvers, the
admiralty said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06
Late Bulletins
French Worships Bottle
Chinese at Hoiphong

CHUNGKING, Thursday,
Mar. 7 GA Central News
dispatch today said five
French warships bombarded
Chinese troops at Haiphong,
Indo-China, yesterday, and
both sides suffered casualties
in a hot but brief exchange.
The warships withdrew, leav-
ing huge fires roaring from a
blasted ammunition dump, the
dispatch said.
ABOARD THE FRENCH
CRUISER EMILE BERTIN
OFF HAIPHONG, Indo- China
R.-C0astal batteries opened
fire yon this cruiser today as
it cruised off the entrance to
Haiphong Harbor with other
warships awaiting Chinese
permission to land force of
more than 10000 French
troops.
Newsmen Reported Safe
SHANGHAI up. - Five
stranded correspondents who
have sent no news from Rus
sian-Occupied Manchuria in
10 days will be flown out to-
day in a Marine plane, mes
sage from Tientsin said. Four
others, three of whom are re-
ported ill, are in Changchun,
capital of Manchuria, where
they went by train February
"a from Mukden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

(See PAULEY, Page A-4.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

(See JAPAN, Page A-5D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

(See HOUSING, Page Asp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

tSee LOAN. Page A-5D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

.lSee RAILROADS, Page A-4.3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-06

TELEPHONE COMPANY hopes to
maintain service during strike.
Page B-1
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14
How the dairy trust U.

SINCE THE 1865 the growth
of the market milk industry has
been subject to radical changes.
Between 1923 and 1882 there
was a rapid growth of dairy
chains. Two of these chains, the
Borden Company and the Ma.
tional Dairy Products Corpora
ton expanded their operations to
a national basis. Federal Trade
Commission studies show that
within the next few years after
the National Dairy Products Cor
poration was organized in 1923,
market milk and ice cream facili-
S ties were acquired in most of the
large cities of central and eastern
United States.
It's largest single acquisition
was the property and other as
sets of the Kraft-Phonix Cheese
Corporation. This latter corpora
ton had previously acquired con-
troll of more than so separate
dairy companies, including South
ern Diaries, Inc, which had ex-
tensive facilities throughout the
southern states. During the 10.
year period 1924 to 1888 the Ma
tional Dairy Products Corpora
ton had acquired control of 331
separate dairy companies.
THE SECOND largest dairy
organization, the Borden Com
pany is similar in size and opera
tons. Prior to the 20's, the Bor-
den Company had expanded slow
ly. through growth of its own
company. From 1923 to 1882,
however, 1t acquired 207 separate
dairy enterprises located in IS
states.
1t is evident that the milk mo-
nopoly, like all other monopolies,
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14

is fastening the developing
omic crisis by its greed for
its through higher and HI
prices. Meanwhile, the pur'
ing power of the people is !,
ding.
The exorbitant prices of
and other dairy products CO
brought down so that the p
will be able to buy these
titles. Our government has ]
the people and has not mail
ed any effective price &C
whatsoever. This leaves the
pie at the mercy of the
trust, which has its own bra
price control.
MANY OF the good laws 81
during the Roosevelt era a
danger of being wiped of
books. The economy of GU
ton has been deeply shake
hostile policy toward ou1.
mer good neighbors" and q
Peaceful trade relations are
to our economy.
Thousands upon thousan,
children all over the world
crying for milk and other
foods, while we have a del
ing surplus of milk and
cows. The big monopolies
in the way of the American
pies desire to aid their fl /
and neighbors throughout
world.
They have two reasons. FIJI
all, the rate of profit is notj
enough to satisfy their greed
secondly it is to their interd
see that there ARE some
ing people in the world
They think of food as a DO
force, and the Herbert Ho
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14
This is the third of a series
Of articles on issues in the com
ing city elections.

troll, protection against evictions,
slum clearance, and low cost rem
tai housing. And they will expect
answers.
Everyone knows that the vet
Grams housing program has col
lapsed. This was clear long be-
fore Mr.. Wyatt resigned. But un-
fortunately it has not been SO
clear to many people just who is
to blame for this failure.
Republican sabotage and
Democratic fumbling In the
18th Congress wrecked the
Wagner-Ellender-Taft housing
bill. Republicans in Springfield
blocked a special session of the
state legislature on housing. A
Democratic city government in
Chicago flubbed the veterans
temporary housing program
and failed to give leadership in
the city's crisis.
BUT party labels only confuse
things. For behind many labels
Republican and Democratic are
to be found friends of special
privilege and enemies of the peo-
pie.
Neither party has a monopoly
on reaction. And neither party
has resisted the pressure of the
real estate interests, the quick.
profit jerrybuilders, the land
lords lobby, and the army of
profiteers who are far more eager
to hoodwink the veteran than to
house him. That is why sc many
Republicans and Democrats vote
on the same side of so many is
sues. They think of profit and
not of people.
Chicago has chance to change
all this, chance to make the
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14


peoples housing program the
politicians program. To do this,
people must become = i'll a very
real and practical sense = politi-
clans. For political action is the
only and the best insurance in
democratic and progressive gov
eminent.
POLITICAL action will make
housing a key issue in the COM
ing campaign. 1t will bring home
to every citizen the real nature
of the housing crisis - the con-
flict between the need of the peo-
pie and the greed of the profit
takers. 1t must make sure that
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14

Memorial Hospital and Mo-
western University M e die
School.
The original operation w
, developed by DIR. Alfred BlaIo
of Johns Hopkins i'm 1914 al
has already saved the lives
more than 200 stricken oh
dren. DIR. Blalock developed t
operation on dogs and SO d
Drs. Potts, Smith, and GibsC
IF it is useless to save the Ii
of children who would be doom
by heart trouble, then vivisect
is indeed useless and fallaciol.
and if it is cruel to experim
on dogs in order that pare.
may keep the children who
born to them, then indeed doct
are sadists.
The reporting of that particu5
story, incidentally, gives an
sight into the way Hearst hant
q news story. The Chicago S
the Times, the Tribune, and
Daily News also reported on [
life-saving operation, and t.
all referred to the fact tina
was developed by operations
so dogs. The Herald-Ameri
left that part of the story oul
their account.
Again and again, you can 81
contradictory statements in
Hearst campaign against vivi.
ton. An editorial in the Her
American October % leuds
gift of S1,000,0OO to found
Nathan Goldblatt Memorial III
pital at the University of
cago to fight cancer.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14

A PARAGRAPH in bold
type states, ut will take its d
in the long fight Tin which
ence is steadily advancing tow
victory to free humanity f
an ever present dread"
statement is correct, and nj
of that fight is being waged \
the aid of experimental amin
Yet the Herald American say
the editorial, referred to ear
that, true science has ]
or nothing to do with WV
ton"
What Hearst does in edito
and news columns he also
with pictures. The August /
sue of the Herald-American
voted a full page to warning
cationists of the "vivise,
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14

As Chicago prepares to elect new
mayor. the question Of how candidates
measure up on the aII-important housing
issue may decide the outcome Of +he cleo
fion.
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14
BY THOMAS j. BLAKELY

Legislatures in most of the
forty-eight states will be bonn
barded this year, as they have
been in past years, by the anti
vivisection groups, which repre-
sent a menace to the nations
health because they are deter
mined to abolish animal expert
mentation in the medical sci
enceS.
The anti-vivisection movement,
whose total number of supper
tiers is actually very small, gets
its greatest support from the
Hearst newspapers-on direct or
ders from William Randolph
Hearst.
Preying on the natural human
sympathy for dogs, the Hearst
papers have led their readers to
believe that medical scientists are
sadists, that vivisection has yield
ed no benefits, and that medical
progress is possible without vivi-
section = statements which are
simply untrue.
ON Sunday, July Ia, for in
stance, the first page of the Chi
cago Herald-American carried
long, defamatory editorial attack
ing visection and referring to it
as useless and fallacious."
The front page of the Herald
American for November II, how
ever, carried story headlined,
- Chicago Doctors Save Blue
Babies" describing the improved
method of operating on "blue
babies" developed by Drs. Potts,
Smith, and Gibson of Children's
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14
The house we live in an issue
in Chicago moyorolty elections

In Chicago, housing is a politi-
cal hot potato.
In fact, this issue has enough
explosive quality to determine
the outcome of the next may
orally and aldermanic elections.
Even Mayor Kelly is appre-
hensive of that fact. In an exclu-
sive press interview which ap-
peared recently in the New York
Post, the Mayor said that the Ad-
ministration's bungling of vet
housing cost the Democrats the
November 5 elections.
\
HOUSING is one political is.
sue people literally live with, and
it is an issue about which plenty
of people have plenty of facts.
Which means, of course, that the
citizens of Chicago are going to
ask a lot of questions in the com.
ing election = questions. about
housing for veterans, rent con-
The Chicago star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, 1946-12-14

the need of the people prevails.
The people as politicians must
put their program across:
/. Additional funds for tenn.
pOrary housing.
2. Immediate revision of the
building code to permit
new materials and meth.
DDS.
8. Immediate changes in the
ION n & ordinances to
make unused structures
available for housing.
a. Changes in coming to
make more land available
for housing.
5. City rent control and anti
eviction measures.
6. A city breakdown on
black marketeers in build
ing materials.
Z. Large-scale acquisition of
land by public agencies
for lOw-cOst housing.
s. City action against dis
criminatory practices in
housing.
n n
BUT the price of this program
is the effective political organiza-
ton of liberals and progressives.
Only their strength can over
come the special interests who
will seek to obstruct and block
such a progress.
The housing program people
want and need must be based on
organized political strength = in
the wards and precincts - for
the simple and unavoidable truth
is that to live decently people
must live politically.
The city elections in February
and April must furnish the proof
that people know this and know
how to act on it.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Lou,eU Melleff
On the Other Hand
Says Place to Look for Judicial
Politics Is on the Bench, Not Off

Senator Styles Bridges OF New Hampshire proposes
10 the United States Supreme Court
an oan TO refrain from all political activities after joining the
IN speech to the Senate he limited dary political
purpose neno Justice Jacksons assignment
nerg and declared that has been unnamed
Evening star., 1946-05-02

ivestigations that would need de-
tense. He dragooned both Secretary
of the Navy Forrestal and Secre-
tary Of War Patterson into staying
at their posts with the argument
that they should be on hand to
defend the work they had done.
Nothing of the sort has hap
pened. Pearl Harbor hired its own
counsel, and, even so, fizzled out.
There are recurrent rumors that
surplus property viii be investigated
and a resolution to that effect is
IN the Rules Committee of the
House. But no real legal problems
have arisen so far to test the legal
acumen Of the Texan.
Cheerful, imperturbable Paul Por-
ter. who as national committee
publicity director held excitable Bob
Hannegan's hand during the '46
campaign, has become one of the
men mentioned for any Job that
comes up now. A radio lawyer, he
claims he'll be satisfied with FEC if
he can only get there and stay
there.
Evening star., 1946-05-02

m OSt famous DORIS Fieeson.
fiesta. Kentuckians also are Mr.
and Mrs. Paul Porter, an admins
tration trouble shooter, who is cur
rently lodging OPA brickbat0 but
whose permanent job as FEC
chairman has obligingly been left
open for him just in case the SEN
ate completes the House massacre
Clarks and Wilson's in Party.
Attorney General Clark and his
pretty young wife are in the party
They have invited Mrs. Lyndon
Johnson, wife of the Congressman
from Texas, and Ralph Pittman
president OF the Texas State So
ciety, and Mrs. Pittman.
The Wilson's have also invited the
French Ambassador and Nine. Bon
net.
Friday the party will tour the
bluegrass, admiring the breed at
all the famous farms. They will
spend the night at the home OF
Barry Bingham, Louisville pub.
Usher. After they have won OF
lost their all on Saturday they
Evening star., 1946-05-02

will entrain for Hot Springs, Va,
to recupexate before returning to
Washington Monday.
Mr.. Vinson has earned his jaunt
with the . Presidents daughter on
his arm to show the home folks
what Harry thinks Of him. He has
been doing the heavy work Of Bret
ton Woods, the International Bank
and the British loan, and of him
Mr.. Truman has said: "He Is the
man I depend on most"
Mr.. Truman also has expressed
himself as well satisfied with Mr.
Clark, who was the unknown guam
tity Of the cabinet when he came
In, an obscure Texan who had been
glad to get the Job Of Assistant At
torney General and who was more
surprised than any one else when
he landed.
Problems Fizzle Out.
A principal reason Mr.. Truman
picked Mr.. Clark has not materi-
allied. Mr.. Clark was head of the
criminal division, a trial man, and
Mr.. Truman suspected, probably as
a result of his own investigating
committee work, that when the war
ended there would be a rash of in