davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
MOntrOse Church of God

Mary Margaret Sewers, Pastor
$3.50 A. M. Teachers prayer
service.
GAS A. M. Sunday School.
II A. M. Morning Worship
6 P. M. Young Peoples Prayer
Service.
7:45 P. NJ, Evening Service.
WEEDS. 7:45, Prayer meeting.
Fri. 7:45, Youth Fellowship.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
Washington Grove
Methodist Church

Methodist Church
Rev. Royal A. Rice, pastor
10 A. M. Church School.
IL A. NJ, Morning Worship. Ser
mon by minister.
st. Luke's Lutheran Church
Re6land
Rev. George P. Schmidt, Pastor
9:45 A. NJ, Sunday School.
IL A. M, Church Service.
The DerwOOd Church
Derwood, Md.
Rev. w. B. Waters, Minister
10 A. M. Church School.
8 P. M. Divine Worship.
Thursday s P. M, Prayer Ser
vice.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
Christ Church, Rockville
(Episcopal)

DR.. G. Freeland Peter, Acting
rector.
$3.50 A. M, Church School.
II A. M, Morning Prayer and
Sermon.
Holy Communion, First Sunday
in each month.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
Seventh-Day Adventist
Church

Spencerville
II. Ray Doyle, pastor
S:l5 P. M. Friday The Young
Peoples Meeting.
$3.50 A. M. Saturday, Sabbath
School.
II A. M. Saturday, Church Ser
vice.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
st. Bartholomew Parish

Rev. Arthur L. Ribble, Rector
Assisted by Seminary Student
Service st. Johns Church Olney,
every Sunday, 11:15 A. M.
Services at St. Luke's Church,
Brighton, every Sunday 10 A. M.
Services at st. Bartholomew's,
Laytonsville, every Sunday 1t;15
A. M. W.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18

Mt. Zion Cedar Grove
Baptist
c. A. Brubaker, Minister
9 A. M. Broadcast WWDC.
10 A. M. Worship Mt. Zion
11:30 A. M. Worship Cedar
Grove
300 P. M. Worship Traviiah
Alternate Sundays.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1946-04-18
Baptist Church

baptist Church
Rockville
Rev. w. B. Adams, Pastor
9:45 A. NJ, Church School.
IL A. M, Worship Service.
GAS p M, B. T. u.
BOyds Presbyterian
Rev. J. P. Kerr, Pastor.
10 A. M. Church School. Pro.
gram in charge of Sunday School
officers. Glasses for all ages
IL A. M. Divine Worship.
Sermon by pastor. Special music
by choir.
8 P. M, Sunday School. Easter
Program.
Friday, 8 P. M, Annual Good
Friday Cross Service with sermon
by pastor and music by choir.
Ad-daleel., 1946-05-08

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AD.DAIEEL 7The Cuide1 PAGE 8
Detroit, Mich "Wednesday May 8, 1916 Vol 3 No AZ
Evening star., 1946-06-02
BY Sam Bouchard
As Told to George Kennedu

and its Kennebec and Penobscot Valleys
furnished masts for Cinnamon, clippers
and schooners. But I am from the in
land county of Aroostoock. You may not
know what Aroostoock County is, but you
should. 1t supplies your potatoes. 1t is
almost as big as the rest of Maine and
it is on the Canadian border. I come
from Caribou, 18 miles south of the
border. There is no language barrier
between New Brunswick and Maine at
that point At home my parents and
the IA children, of whom I was the 11th
spoke French. That was the language
Of the parochial school I attended. 1t
was not until I entered high school that
I had to buckle down to English
My mother, a very healthy and young
looking woman in her Cos, had 20 chill
dren; six died in infancy.
When I was graduated from high
school, the commencement orator was
Irwin Cannon of the Portland Press
Herald. He told how his paper had sent
him to London and Paris.
That" I said, "is the life for me-"
There was no going back to the farm
The Federal Farm Loan Bank had the
farm and my father had political job
as a potato inspector.
came to Washington and moved in
with one of my brothers, who was work
ing as carpenter. I applied for job
at The Star. was welcomed. 1t was
June, 1912. They hadn't had male
applicant for copy boy in weeks. The
men were getting into something of a
panic as they saw all the traditional
starting-in jobs taken over by girls. I
was 18. The Army wasn't going to take
me because of visionary ,defect-stul I
could read: I was find. ,t.,..
They gave me the job of handling the
pneumatic tubes at the copy desk. When
cylinder would pop up from the Asso-
cIated Press off1ces on a lower floor, I
would open it and put the copy on the
editors desk. If it was a bulletin or a
flash, called it to his immediate at
tention. I also put edited copy into
cylinders and shot them up to the COM
posing room on the floor above. They
said it was very important and respon-
sible job and they must have thought
SO, because when I once spoke of quit
ting they made fuss and told me was
doing fine. They were very nice to me.
They gave me scholarship to George
Washington University night school
available to a Junior member of the
staff selected by The Star
Toward the end of my first year at
G. w., I wrote Sunday feature story
about wartime shipbuilding. 1t ap-
peared about We day. That was when
the women in VISA headquarters told
Evening star., 1946-06-02

within the realm of "free enterprise"
had something to do with the decision.
At any rate, the companies ran the
ships and paid the men.
The pay was swell for an unmarried
man like myself-the real wage much
higher than my cub-reporter salary
after supporting myself in Washington
I didn't think much about it at the
time because had no idea I was going
to be gone so long. The War Shipping
Administration is little sensitive about
stories Of the high pay in the wartime
merchant marine. The $3.50 month
the able seaman was paid for services
west of the international dateline
looked very big to the Navy seaman, first
class, in the gun crew of the same Lib
erty ship. He was getting $3.50.
The VISA points out that the $5-a-
day bonus was usually of short dura-
tion. It also points out that the Navy
man had only to put aside $22 month
for his wife and two children and the
Government would increase it to $780,
The money the merchant seaman sent
home was all his own.
After the unfortunate incident in
casting off, the captain sent for me.
He knew I had come aboard as a sea-
man-correspondent He told me the
chief wanted him to fire me but that
he wasn't going to do it. The captain
said could write all I wanted when
1 was off watch but he wanted me to
know that my primary job was as
member of his crew.
I didn't blame the captain. One OF
his difficulties was lack of experience
in the forecastle and had no expert
ence at all. And I could sympathize
with the mate, who had spent 20 years
on West Coast fishing vessels.
Give me seafarin' men," he would
say longingly in his evaporation.
I could sympathize with him except
for the fact that he always seemed to
have it in for me. 1t seemed that
whenever did anything wrong would
look around and there he'd be glaring
at me. .,- ,-.
books
Give me seafarin' men, he would
say. Il wouldn't sail across San Fran
cisco Bay with, that bos'n.''
The bos'n. who was Is and wartime
mariner, knew his stuff all right. He
just didn't care.
Nov T." said the chief, "have every
thing made fast before casting off,"
realized the chief was right one
night during storm when cases OF per-
cussion caps In the cargo OF ammunition
We were carrying got loose and started
banging about in the hold was one
OF the men who had to make them fast
again. The function of a percussion
cap is to explode when it hits some
thing. 1t seemed right dangerous to
me.
"Practicing?" asked the chief when
he saw me tying knots one day.
YES" I answered. hoping for his
appreciation at last.
That's all right" he growled "but
Evening star., 1946-06-02

1t took crusade to break up an
artificial" famine in France in 1895,
caused by the speculation of corn mer-
chants. AS an eyewitness account put
it: THE French at this time suffered
from famine, bad harvests coming blow
upon blow had raised the price of grain
to an excessive rate. Avaricious mer-
chants speculated according to their
custom. All of a sudden the cry of the
crusades broke the locks and chains of
the granaries. Then provisions which
formerly were beyond price were sold
for nothing when every one was aroused
and wanted to CO."
Most of the great famines of history
were caused by natural phenomena, but
war has done its share-as it promises
to during the five full years OF famine"
now predicted for world with a $780,
000-ton grain deficit. 1t was after the
Gothic Wars in Italy, for example,
when fields went uncultivated for years
that death from starvation and death
by cannibalism went hand in hand.
Evening star., 1946-06-02

N ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS has re-
IA served place in history for
this ship.
Save for its selection as the flagship
for the atomic bomb test, the Mighty
Mac" would have been mighty only to
her ships company who knew how well
she served in the amphibious warfare
of the Pacific.
BY no standards is she either BEAU
tiful vessel or streamlined fighting
ship. She looks like radio broadcast
ing central station carried out to sea
in a flood. On her wau-sided hull
grow forest Of masts and jungle of
antennae. Shelter deck space is
crammed with communication equip
ment. Radar and other electronic de-
vices give her vision in the dark, in
storm, under the sea. Landing craft
swing from davits.
The Mount Mckinley is an amphibi-
GUS command ship. The command ships,
called ACES, were built to meet the
tactics OF a particular war where land
ings on hostile shores by whole armies
became part of the pattern
From them, some of the bittereSt
over-the-beach campaigns of the war
were directed by the joint command
aboard-Army, Navy and Marine chiefs
The ships fought off air attacks They
sometimes joined the feet in lombard
ment of enemy shores.
Even today there is frequent gunnery
practice. While Bikini- the Mount
Mckinley sends aloft target balloons and
Evening star., 1946-06-02
Famine Dominates History's Pages

alone in 1866, and 100000 in three
areas II years later. Between 1860 and
$780, an estimated 100000 died of
hunger.
China lost 9,500,O00 between 1878
in just one of its many famines. Rus
sia experienced II between 1845 and
1922-the last of which came after the
civil war. One expert attributed that
food shortage to disinclination on the
part of the peasants to raise anything
they didn't need for themselves. About
100000 people died in one year OF
famine, twice as many as were killed
during the World War, and another
$4,000, 900 were near starvation.
Horror stories and famines have been
a. constant pair throughout history
Back in 1876, famished Romans were
throwing themselves into the Tiber. A
few years later, parents in Italy were
eating their children, and in the sixth
century, people starved to death in the
streets. Wolves found so many corpses
to devour that the animals became a
menace to the few starving survivors
Crusades Broke Up
Famine in France
During the Middle Ages, when, as one
historian says, beyond all doubts the
worst privation Of the medieval peasant
was famine" the German population
was cut In half. Elsewhere, civil au-
thorities were allowed to drive the
neediest out of community limits and
let them perish because that left fewer
mouths to feed. Fourteenth century
Englishmen ate the flesh of horses, dogs,
cats and vermin. Parents who ate their
children two centuries later in Hungary
were not prosecuted.
Experts have divided the prime causes
of famines into two broad classes.
natural and artificial. The natural
causes-rain, frost, drought, insects and
the like-are beyond mans immediate
control. The artificial causes-war, de-
fective agriculture, transportation,
speculation. etc.-he makes for himself.
Probably one of the best-known
natural" famines was brought about by
the failure of the potato crop in Ire
land in l846. Landlords made the situ-
alton worse by evicting the starving
farmers to turn farms into pastures for
cattle. 1t was said that "cows ate men"
during the hungry '40s. In five years,
100000 Irish emigrated to America.
leaving behind 100000 who neither
survived nor emigrated.
Evening star., 1946-06-02
Atomic Probers Pool Talent

the structure and functions of living Or
ganlsms and to determine how high en-
ergy radiations affect biological proc
esses. The scientists seek basic infor-
nation about such things as the aging
process and the causes of cancer. They
want, for instance, to know more about
diseased cells.
Then, says Director Raymond E.
zirEe, prematurely gray veteran of the
War Research Army and a radiation
specialist, I'VE can shoot with a rifle
instead of a blunderbuss."
Personnel in this division-l1 men at
present-includes biologists, physicists,
chemists and physicians. The diverse
staff includes DR.. Austin Moore Brues,
widely known cancer biologist; DR.. Ken
Evening star., 1946-06-02
Mighty Mac Destined for Niche
In History as Atom Test Ship

star shells, then blasts at them with 20
and 40 millimeters and the deeper
throated 5-inchers mounted bow and
stern.
AS in wartime, the staff aboard this
ship today is combination of Army
and Navy, the services cooperating in
an operation. From that operation, the
Combined Chiefs of Staff back in Wash
ington hope to find what changes in
ship design, deployment, tactics, new
equipment for land armies is dictated
by the atomic bomb. 1t was Vice Ad-
miral w. H. P. Blandy, commander of
Army-Navy joint Task Force No. 1,
who chose the name for the project,
Operations Crossroads
The Mount McKinley's skipper is Capt.
Wayne N. Gamet Of Oral, S. OAK, who
took command early in 1s45. Execu-
tive officer of the ship is Comdr. c. c.
Hersey of Danbury, Conn, one OF the
eight officers and II crewmen who are
plank owners" which means they
came aboard when the ship was COM
missioned May l, 1914.
This journey to Bikini is the McKin-
ley's fourth cruise "a cruise is defined
by the number of times Navy ship
puts out after returning to a United
States porD and her sixth operation.
Built at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, the
Mount Mckinley went through the
Panama Canal and to the Russell Islands
staging area, from which she sailed on
her first operation, the Palau campaign.
Then came Leyte Gulf, Lingayen Gulf,
action at San Narcisco, Luzon, and then
the historic battle of Okinawa, where
in So days air attacks put the ship on
40 red" alerts.
Evening star., 1946-06-02


N in developing the atomic
lV bomb for war have teamed up
in projects to harness it's
mighty power for beneficial peacetime
uses.
Their prime purpose is to gain bet
ter understanding of atomic energy
rather than to put it to work driving
rockets to the moon.
These men have pooled their talents
in three new organizations at the Uni
versity of Chicago-the Institute of
Neuclear Studies, the Institute of Radio
biology and Biophysics and the Institute
for the Study of Metals.
The Institutes were conceived during
World War II. Brain-power was re-
cruited against stiff competition. The
stats were drawn, to large extent,
from the ranks of scientists who had
been engaged in war tasks; from former
enemy countries as well as the United
Nations.
"The appointments commented
Chancellor Robert NJ Hutchins, "place
the university in pre-eminent position
in nuclear work."
Samuel K. Allison, big, hard-driving
director of the Institute for Nuclear
Studies, who participated in the first
atom bomb explosion in New Mexico
uses an analogy to illustrate mans
present position in the atomic era:
early men made fire thousands of
years before they understood what made
it burn"
The modern men who produced atomic
energy want to find out more about the
source Of this energy. They want to
find, identify and determine the pre-
else power of new and more plentiful
sources of this energy.
"The problem Of what holds the par
ticles together in nucleus is essentially
unsolved," says Mr.. Allison, citing one
of many remaining riddles.
His team now numbers 50 persons.
There are two Nobel Prize winners
Italian-born Enrico Fermi and Harold
c. Urey. Among others are Arthur ].
Dempster, discoverer of U-235, and Ed
ward Teller a native of Budapest,
Hungary, who worked on the Oak Ridge
and Los Alamos bomb projects.
The Institute OF Radiobiology and
Biophysics will use radioactive materials
,roduced In atomic piles to investigate
Evening star., 1946-06-02
Odyssey Of Star Copy Boy

the merchant marine when they real
lied their draft boards interest in the
possibility of making soldiers out OF
them was serious
All of them felt they were going into
something more dangerous than the
run of military service. They cited fig
ures (Which were true we'll into the sec
ond year of Americas war; to show
that the percentage of losses in the mar
itime service was higher than in the
Army Navy or Marine Corps. All were
sure they would get no credit for the
risks they were going to run. And it
wasn't the higher pay that attracted
them, they all said. All offered the
same reason for entering the merchant
Evening star., 1946-06-02

built the ships and trained men for
them, the established shipping lines ran
the ships as the Governments agents.
The reason the Government did not op-
crate them itself was this: When Pearl
Harbor was attacked there we're about
$4,000 men making living on American
flag ships. 1t was figured there were
several times that number ashore who
had the know-how from previous mari
time experience.
At the high level where the decision
was made it was thought essential to use
all that know-how that could be rounded
up and increase it Immediately. 1t was
increase fivefold. At it's high point
in the war the American merchant
marine was manned by 250,O00. Men
Evening star., 1946-06-02
BY Arlene Wolf
Associoted Press Staff Writer


- HIS food shortage. that is SO
critical in Europe and Asia, is
not something new in history:
Man has battled famine almost
since the beginning of time.
Scarcely century has passed without
widespread starvation and death in some
part of the globe.
1t was around 1708 BIC. when one of
the first recorded famines took its toll
in Egypt. That was the famous seven
year famine described in Genesis, and
predicted by Joseph who interpreted
Pharaoh's dream about the seven good
kline" and the seven h-favored kline"
And, just as Joseph had foreseen, "the
seven years Of dearth began to come !.
and the famine was all over the face OF
the earth"
Although Joseph STAYED off the worst
of the famine by storing grain during
the seven years of plenty, succeeding
generations haven't been so lucky or
foresighted. One historian counted $50
famines between 1000 and 1855. Another
found four major food shortages in the
ninth century, two in the 11th and five
in the 18th.
Deaths have been counted in the
millions, especially in India, where en-
tire provinces were depopulated and
survivors driven to cannibalism some
900 years ago, and as recently as 1901,
when 1,O00, 900 Indians starved to death
despite the expenditure of some TO-
100000 pounds on relief.
Primitive Agriculture
Causes India's Hunger
India, China and Russia all have suf-
fered unusually high death tolls from
famines recurring frequently because Of
primitive agriculture, bad transportation
and susceptibility to drought. In India.
where famine has been called IAN ex-
ceptional aggravation of a normal
misery the failure of monsoon rains
in. single locality has been known to
precipitate catastrophe. One-third of
Bengaps population, for example,
starved to death in ITO because the
rains ceased too soon the year before.
The great Durga Devi famine in In-
dia lasted IL years. Four hundred
years later the Doji Bara or sktll fam
1ne killed so many so quickly there
wasn't time to bury them properly. A
million Indians died in two provinces
Evening star., 1946-06-02

"The other man on nv
match undertook to teach me
hoU to handle the Wheel."
fall once before and I didn't want that
line to jerk me to the masthead.
The weather was perfect on the way
out. I had the4 to watch. / went
on at in the morning and off at 8 in
the morning; on at in the afternoon
and of at 8 in the evening. That
meant that I caught both sunrise and
sunset. At the start the moon was in
the west as the sun was setting. The
result was about 20 different colors in
the sky. 1t was something you don't
see from city streets or have leisure to
enjoy on farm. I felt this must be
one OF the reasons sailors go back to sea.
The other men on my watch under
took to teach me how to handle the
wheel. At first couldn't hold her
within 10 degrees on course-and that's
not good. Our Liberty ship was plough
ing the mother of oceans at about IL
knots Q1 nautical miles or about Is
land miles an hour.
Evening star., 1946-06-02

me they we're going to send correspond
ents on the ship and asked me If would
like one of the berths. Every boy wants
to go to sea when he reads Treasure
Island" had outgrown that little
but I said yes. I obtained leave of
absence from the paper and showed up
at Sheepshead Bay Training Station
near Coney Island, N. Y, with letter
Of credentials.
Sheepshead Bay and two other train
ing stations turned out 100000 emer-
gency seamen with 13-week course.
I was there seven days.
I was something of problem even
to the training school. I was the first
of the merchant marine correspondents
to show up and they didn't know what
Evening star., 1946-06-02
"GiUe me seafarin' .n1en!'

oversize. When the dock hands slipped
the spliced loop off the dolphin, all
hands who saw me laughed their heads
off. had taken up the slack by hitting
the deck with the seat of my pants.
looked up to see the chief glaring
down at me like the late Ford Sterling,
the head cop in the Keystone Comedies.
The chief is the first mate and I had re-
ported to him the day before with my
newly issued ordinary seaman papers.
Where did you come from?" he
shouted.
"sheepshead Bay Training Station" I
said.
My going to sea was something of an
accident. A nice woman at the War
Shipping Administration asked me if I
would like to. Here is how it came
about
am from Maine Maine has furn-
ished seafaring men through the decades
Evening star., 1946-06-02

why don't you put your line away when
you're through?"
Only once did get bis approval That
was when we were making a boom
fast and was the mid-ship man, half
way up the mast paying in the line. A
winch was lifting the boom by winding
a cable on its drum. The boom is steel,
big enough to lift locomotive and
deposit it in the hold At sea it Is up
right, bound fast to the mast. That
was what we were doing when the
cable slipped off the drum. The boom
began to fall but was stopped short
by the line was handling.
"Bouchard," said the chief admir-
ingly, II don't see how you snubbed that
line on the cleat so fast
didn't tell him but I always kept
that line with turn around a cleat
when was paying it in-something no
seaman would do. It was probably
against orders. But had seen a boom
Evening star., 1946-06-02

to do with me. They mailed my clothes
home while was trotting around skim
clad taking my shots. They do this for
their regular trainees. They hadn't in
tended to do it for me. So they had
to supply me with a complete seamens
outfit.
They put me in with crew that had
been training for several weeks-so l
could see how it was done. The very
first day with them I was herded into
an obstacle race. am feet 10 inches.
When I graduated from high school
three years before, I weighed 1856. I was
now 1876. I managed to scale 10-foot
wall and climbed up a knotted rope.
The straight rope climb just couldn't