davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-01
DOGS. PETS. ETC.

GERMAN SHEPHERD. male, 81 mos :
beauty, all marks; not registered, S120:
owner going overseas. Ho. 2104, Ext. 1907
ENGLISH BULL PUPPIES, from 7 wks. to
q mos. old sired by Sassy Dan. HOS
1l0b Il
Evening star., 1946-09-01
APTs. FURk. AND UNFUR.
APARTMENTS EXCHANGED.

SMALL APARTMENT of 10th ST. NV
available If you will sell me your house
No brokers, pleasel Box 10-E. Star. g
Evening star., 1946-09-01

Continued on Next Psgs.l
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
NO. 1899.
VETERANS ARE WORKERS NOW

Returning veterans have told us stories that reveal a studied effort
on the part of somebody to turn soldiers o the battle lines against
workers on the home front.
dirs were in uniform, w c ar now certain that the GI's Will not be
back homo very long before they come to realize that they were beng
made the victims of vicious and unfounded propaganda.
From observation and association we have been treasured. The
worker and the soldier will not be divided because the soldier becomes
a worker very soon after he dofs the uniform and dons civvies.
coming to realize that their future lies with their fellow workers. They
ore hunting jobs, living on wages that get them nowhere, searching Tor
homes that are not to be found and going o strike. They know that
they can get no farther ahead than their fellow workers and they are
quickly catching on to the fact that their best defense under present
conditions is their labor organization.
class. If the capitalist system fails to solve the job problem and if, in
the course of time, another unemployed army develops within the
nation, then it may be that the jobless will again be viewed a second
class citizens by more fortunate workers whom they, in turn, will
resent
If such a division comes, however, it will not be based upon mill
tary experience. Soldiers and exsoldiers will be able to understand that
much if they will only look back to the days of Camp Anacosta and
recall that then it was soldiers who we're sent against soldiers.
We are not optimistic about the future in this regard. The profit
system always has developed unemployment crises and may be OK
pected to do Sc in the future. 1t is quite possible that divisions will
then occur within the ranks of labor, divisions that will give some
future demagogue of fascist leanings his opportunity. If workers, both
veretans and stay-at-homes will ponder that possibility they may sec
the sense organizing for action on the political, as well as the economic
front Reading Labor Advocate.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
HELP THE STARVING PEOPLE

Herbert Lehman's 1946 forecast of UNRRAsr requirements outlines
a program OF relief which, though unparalleled in history, barely meets
the most elemental of human needs and anevates only the most intoler-
ab!e OF human suffering. Take this paragraph from the Director Gen
erals, report o Byelorussia and the Ukraine: THE enemy took vir-
SuaLy all thu agricultural machinery away; the livestock herds were
terribly depleted. All movable stocks of food and even of seeds were
removed. Millions were left homeless City after City was totally des-
troyed, and countless cities and villages were heavily damaged. More
than 25,OOO,OOO are without shelter save such IS they a get in caves
and dugouts and ruined dwellings. Whatever assistance UNRRA will
be able to provide to these brave people will be infntesimal in pro-
portion to the need" And so the story goes for Italy-'the utter destitu-
ton of Italy is well known and does not require recountng here
Tor Austria, Finland, Korea, Formosa, China, where new programs arr
being set up, and for Albania, Czechodovakia, Greece, Poland and
Lehnans estimates is the careful survey just completed by the National
Planning Association. This survey stressed the fact that UNRRA did
not reach many of the countries, either Allied or enemy, which had
suffered severely during the val 1t recommended that the United
States make a gift of n billion dollars in food and feed over and above
the UNRRA appropriations ito keep the peoples of the liberated coun-
tries of Western Europe, the United Kingdom, and the ex-enemy coun-
tries from hunger Or starvation this winter" If w e could forget for the
moment the practices Of power, the sharp bargains of the market place,
the mechanical safeguards of national integrity, we would see that a
billion dollars sin food "a a slight enough gesture in the direction of
a world community and the peace that must ultimately be based there
on-The Nation.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
SOVIETIZATION OF GERMANY
COMMUNISTS Efficient THERE

many of them from the Free Ger
many Committee trained in Mos
COW.
Kasischke reported that agrarian
reform has gone far; 1000 Junker
estates have been -subdivided
among 281,155 peasants, each re-
ceiving II to 10 acres, for which
he must pay the government. More
than $500, 900 refugees from Po-
land and Czechoslovakia have
sWarmed into Saxony, bringing the
density of population to TIT per
square mile, and another million
is expected. Peasants are allowed
to sell 80 percent of their produce
in the free market.
Charles Arnot of the United
Press added to this general picture
that the Russian plan to stay for at
least ten years.-From The New
Leader.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09

A question too hot to handle was
asked in the House during recent
debate on an misunderstanding bill
aimed at curling union activities.
Representative Knutson (Rep.,
Minn.) objected to the number of
speakers friendly to labor.
us all the time going to be given
to left-wingers?" he asked Repre-
sentative BulWinkle (Dem.. N. c.,
who was presiding at the time.
This brought Representative
Marcantonio (A.L.. N. W to his
feet.
"a parliamentary inquiry" he
cried.
"The gentleman will state it,
BulWinkle said.
"The gentleman from Minnesota
has referred to left-wingers," Mar
cantonio said. Just what does he
mean by that?"
"That's not a parliamentary in
quiry," BulWinkle ruled hurriedly
and the matter was dropped. - Bas-
com N. Timmons in The Chicago
Sun.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09

Five American correspondents
who went on a Communist-con-
Quoted and closely-supervised tour
of the Russian occupation zone of
Germany found that So~Vietization
is making more rapid strides there
then characterization in the west
ern zones GladWin Hill of the N.
Y. Times and Richard Kasischke
of the Associated Press and others
agreed upon On this point.
THE Russians are far ahead of
the Americans in turning over pub
lie administration to the Germans"
Hill reported. A more pragmatic
policy of disqualification is followed.
The Russian zone is ahead in re-
vival of industry and agriculture.
Reeducation along Communist lines
proceeds rapidly. The Communist
minority seeks a multi-party unit
ed front everywhere. The Red
Army is ubiquitous. Looting and
rape cen to have been checked.
There is little determination. IN
like the Americans, the Russians
have a vigorous, positive program
and are applying it efficiently. The
regime is authoritarian if not to-
talitarian. Eighty percent of the
factories are in operation as COM
pared with 18 percent in the Amer
a zone, and they are controlled
by a council of management and
workers. Most key posts are oc-
cupled by German Communists,
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
WHAT CAUSES STRIKES?

a resumption Of collective bargain
ing, and the union at once accept
ed, the U. S. Steel Corp, still said
NO, and ran ful-page ads saying
nothing can be settled through
collective bargaining"
Instead of bringing sharp pres
sure to bear on the corporations to
abide by the law, which requires
collective bargaining, the admins
tration supinely yielded to their
arrogance and called for a law to
shackle labor.
So three CAUSES of the steel
workers strike vote at once emerge.
none of them created by labor: Cd
the intolerable economic condition
of sharply cut wages in contrast to
fantastic profits; (2) the refusal of
the corporations to bargain colIec-
lively; and CD the failure of the
Government to require collective
bargaining.
The answer to the question:
"Why do workers want to striker"
lie: They don't; they're forced to by
conditions and employers actions
over which they have no control.
But the real question that should
be asked is: Why do employers
force strikes?
The answer, certainly in the case
of steel, lies partly in their greed
for exorbitant profits at the ex-
pense of labor and the public; and
partly in the emergence of increas-
ing sins that they're trying to start
another union-busting campaign
similar to that which followed the
last war. - The CIO News.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
ETHRIDCE ON THE BALKANS

The report by Mark Ethridge, publisher of the Louisville Courier
Journal, to Secretary of State Byrnes o political conditions in Romania
and Bulgaria, would have interested many Americans had it been made
public. Most of us, however, will agree that if withholding the report
has contributed to the improvements which now loom for those coun-
ries, by reason of the Moscow accords, then the decision to withhold
it was a wise one, as MI. Ethridge believes tt to have been.
Two conclusions stand out in his Louisville speech on the subject:
He found in his visit that neither Romania Bulgaria had a broadly
representative government in the Yalta sense" Secondly, nothWith-
standing Russias disagreement with that belief, she made great con-
Moscow. Accordingly, both in Bucharest and Sofia, the governments
are to be materially broadened.
Both economical and political democracy ought to gain rapidly in
the Balkans. AS compared with condition under the old Balkan mon
arches and petty olgarchies, economic democracy surely will do so
under leftist governments such IS those at Bucharest and Sofia, which
work closely with Moscow. For extension of civil liberties, Western
those liberties far more by seeking continued Russian cooperation than
Ivy using Balkan issues as SNUG debaters' points to whip the Russians.
THE Chicago Sun.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
Why Not q New Stomp for King Coal?

Dean Edward Steidle of the Pennsylvania State College has come
up with a meritorious suggestion that our postal authorities issue stamps
to commemorate the mineral industries. He points out that:
The stamp collectors of the United States number in the Millions
both young and old. During the past ten years there has been a con-
slant flow of new issues concentrating about everything of n his
torcaI or personal nature that has happened in the country. Con
spiciOus omission, especially considering present-day mineral conSci-
business, has been anything relating to the mineral industries. In fact,
the only United States issue or the records is the 5Ocent Trans Missis-
sppi issue of 1898 on which was depicted a prospector"
We agree with Dean Steidle that something ought to be done about
it Why not start with a stamp concentrating the coal miner?
This is the Coal Age. Coal furnishes the power that turns the
wheels which make the products that we need and use. 1t furnishes the
heat for our homes and office buildings. 1t is the basic material upon
which the American economic way of life has been built.
But it takes a man with courage, strength and skill TO Wrest coal
from the earth, and without him you can't have coal. So why not, in
recognition of a debt that the Nation owes the coal miner, commemorate
him with a stamp issue?
It's celebration was foregone because Of the war. A stamp to commence
rate that event can still be issued-United Mine Workers Journal.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
RELIEF SUPPLIES
DISTRIBUTED FROM
LJUBLJANA

The American Committee for
Yugoslav relief recently disclosed
that 491,421 pounds of relief sup
plies had arrived in Y~ugoslavia, on
the S. S. Albert P. Ryder and is
being distributed from Ljubljana,
capital of Slovenia.
The cargo includes such diversi-
fled items as clothing, sewing ma
chimes, sulfa drugs, baby foods,
soap and seeds. This is the Commit
tees third shipment of the year.
The Yugoslav Red Cross had adj
vised the Committee that all three
shipments had arrived without loss
due to spoilage or other causes, an
unusual record, according to the
Red Cross.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
Open the Books Of big Business!
Government, Stockholders and Workers Are Entitled to The
Information Industrial Totalitarians DENY

Sometime ago one of the vice presidents of General Motors de-
clared the employees union would not be permitted to examine it's
books so a to determine the profits of the big corporation.
Readers will remember the vice president exclaimed: Why, we
don't share that information with our stockholders"
At the time LABOR suggested that was a PECULIARLY arrogant state
1nent. We pointed out that the officials of General Motors own al in
significant fraction of the stock, and yet they take the position that they
are dictatorS, accountable to NJ one--not even to the tens of thousands
Of men and women who really own the institution.
The issue has come up again. Now a number of large concerns find
themselves in the same boat as General Motors. Their employees are
asking increased wages and insisting that such increases are we'll within
he means of the corporations. The latter enter emphatic denials, but
they guard their books a they would their lives.
For the moment, let's forget the labor side of this controversy. Whv
should great corporations be permitted to conceal their profits from
their government, their stockholders, their employees?
The only answer we have heard is that by opening the books COM
petitors might discover valuable facts. In or judgment, that's all
'bosh Henry Ford and Chrysler know exactly how much it costs Gen
eal Motors to make an automobile, and General Motors has the same
information concerning its competitors.
That's not the explanation. These industrial moguls hope to keep
their books closed because they wish to cover up profits and other
facts which are calculated to shock public opinion.
Without regard to the effect N the pending wage negotiations
Industrial totalitarians should not be permitted to get away with that
sort of things. Government, stockholders and workers should unite to
compel them to come down off their high horses.
Railroad workers have no direct interest in this controversy. For
many years the Interstate Commerce Commission has been scrutinizing
railroad bookkeeping methods, and when wage controversies arise, it is
always fairly easy for the employees, through their unions, to determine
the financial condition of their employers.
Ire l. c. c. has always gone on the theory that railroad revenues
and railroad disbursements are matters of public concern.
Why shouldn't that same rule be applied to General Motores and
every other corporation in America?-Labor.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
New Cardinals Reflect Postwar Necessity

richly endowed. The number of u.
S. cardinals is raised to five, Of
Canadian to two and of Latin
American to no less than seven.
The Pope is not only the spirit
ual head of a religion, he is also
the temporal head of a state. AS
both, he engages not only in the
saving of souls but in appropriate
political action. With so much Of
the worlds temporal power con-
centrated in Protestant United
States, it is natural that His Holt
ness should desire a strong United
States representation, Moreover,
the activity Of U. S. Protestants in
the additionally Catholic states of
Latin America is taken with i'll
grace by some Catholics. Conceiv-
ably, the church's center of gravity
might have to be shifted from Eu-
rope to Latin America.
Particularly so, should Soviet
Communism spread further into
Europe.
Finally, in his allocution, the
Pope refers to what he calls "musty
liberalism" which sought without
the church or in opposition to her,
a unity built on lay culture and
secularized humanism." This Ii
berralism Pope Plus makes respon-
sible for totalitarianism - a sur
prising charge in view of the fact
that totalitarianism was promoted
by Catholics in Catholic countries.
But 'musty liberalism" remains
one of Pius's admitted adversaries
in the church's present fight for
world unity against totalitarianism.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
BY EDGAR ANSEL MOWRER
in The Chicago Sun

Pope Pius's replenishment of the
College Of Cardinals to 70 mem
bers, the maximum allowed by
law, and the geographical
locations of the new princes of the
church, show a determination to
meet the new needs of the postwar
world. It is hard to realize that the
majority of the sacred college will
no longer be Italians, for it has
been centuries since the college
was not Italian-dominated.
This situation was not so much
planned as happened. The church
as an international body could not
afford to fall under .ne influence
of any great power. Italy was not
a great power. Until 1870 it was
not wen united. Italians could
therefore be counted on to think
more internationally" than priests
of other countries. But after 1870
and particularly after Mussolini
fermented Italian patriotism into
strong drink, certain Italian pre-
lateS INDUCED in patriotic exuber-
ance that vexed Catholics in other
countries.
Change was therefore in the
cards. When authoritarian govern
ments were springing up in Italy,
Portugal, Spain, Austria, Poland,
France and Germany, the Holy See
more or less went along"
The downfall of the totalitarian
states made it incumbent on the
Pope to disassociate himself rigor-
ously from a political conception
he never approved. A first step was
a recent pronouncement in favor of
democracy properly understood"
The naming of no less than 80 new,
mostly non-Italian cardinals and
the accompanying papal a%llocution
makes the situation pretty clear.
Totalitarianism is condemned as in
compatible with a healthy demo
cracy." This looks to me like the
kiss of death to Dictator Francisco
Franco.
The centers of power have large
ly moved out of Europe. Into the
Soviet Union the Catholic church
can hardly penetrate, as matters
now stand. But there are now two
Polish cardinals, n Czech cardi-
nal and n Armenian cardinal, all
in touch with Soviet affairs. The
extra-European regions have been
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
THE PROFIT SYSTEM,
IT'S WONDERFUL!

The Washington reporter of a
chain of I'll areas dailies reports
that the Federal govt will sell the
boats built at head-of-the-lakes
shlpyards for peacetime traffic on
the Great Lakes. The boats will
be sold at one-third their cost to
the govt (for instance, a $1A
million boat for $612, OOO).
One of the men he reports as
possible buyers for these bargain
basement ships is Robert Butler,
whose yards built a lot of them.
on a cost-plus system, thus getting
a generous" profit on their con-
structlon. Nice system, for those
on top of it!
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09

To hear some people talk, you'd
think labor wanted strikes and
called them just for the hell of it..
Actually, working people have
least reason of all to like strikes,
They bear the full brunt of them,
in loss of income while they last,
and in every other attendant dis
comfort and disadvantage.
AS the most substantial section
Of the public, working people have
the most reason of all to want in
dustry operating at full blast and
without interruption, to make
available a greater supply of goods
and services at lower prices, as
well as to provide steady jobs for
themselves.
Why, then, are SO many workers
today voting by overwhelming ma
jority to go on strike?
They do so because other people
lave created ~intolerable conditions
under which the workers have no
other recourse but to strike. The
trike vote does not a strike,
t is the effect of strike causes
Vhic lie much deeper and which
ire not created by labor.
The United Steelworkers' deci-
sion to strike on January IA, after
100 900 workers have voted by sec
ret ballot for such action, is a case
in point.
Here are some of the causes:
Wage rates were frozen during
the war while living costs scared.
Since the war, take-home pay has
been so cut through loss in work
ing time and doWngrading that the
workers can hardly make ends
meet, let alone provide the pur-
chasing power necessary for a pros
porous community.
So the union demanded a wage
increase of So a day, as partial res
toration of the wage cut suffered.
Meanwhile, steel profits during
the wal rose 276 per cent over pre-
war levels-from 1898 million to
over $3R billion-and net profits.
after taxes, rose 113 per cent. 3,
The steel industry is in a posi-
ton to pay the So increase and still
earn next year owe $500 million
in net profits after taxes-or 35
times its peacetime average.
There is nothing, therefore, in
the steelWorkers' wage demands
that need cause a strike. :
The orderly procedure required
by the law and desired by the
workers is that employers and
union should sit around the con-
ference table and bargain collect
lively until a satisfactory settlement
is reached.
But the steel corporations have
refused to bargain collectively.
Even when the government asked
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
In THE WIND
FROM THE Z

OLD CHINA HANDS, Hurley
era vintage, will be interested in an
excerpt from the mimeographed
neWssheet published aboard a trans
port carrying occupation troops to
Korea last fall. The item says NC
officers en- route were briefed for
their forthcoming job with the
statement: One of the principal
missions of military government in
Korea will be to form a bulWark
against communism" The briefing
officer, the paper says, was quot
ing from material gained at the re-
cent conference in Tokyo with
General Crist."
THERE'S A MAN IN CHICAGO,
a miniature collector named Joseph,
H. Gray, with a fine sense of liter
airy perspective: He is reported to
w a tWelVe-volume set of Edgar
Guests poetry-and each volume
is three-quarters of an inch tall.
THE ANCIENT CHINESE had a
proverb which was invoked by
New MeXico's Senator Hatch in
urging strong international cooper
alton to meet the challenge of the
atomic bomb: what is the use of
having a thousand-league horse if
you do not have a thousand-league
man to ride him."
WE WE'RE FLATTERED to dis
cover that Clare Boothe Luce had
read into the Congressional Record
for November 20 The Nations re-
cent article on veterans housing by
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.; so flat
tered that we will pretend not to
notice that the heading on the en-
try was ''The Luce Bill on Veterans
Housing"
WE'VE BEEN WONDERING
about this and are sure you'll be as
relieved as we were to have the
matter cleared up: a CT. in the Far
East occupation troops reports
authoritatively that Thanksgiving,
under Macarthur, was celebrated
in pre-New Deal style on Novem-
Der 20.
JOURNALISM NOTE: the Virgil
mia Press Association is working on
a plan for inviting neWspapermen
from the various United Nations to
take temporary staff positions on
Virginia papers as a means toward
more detailed understanding of
American everyday life"
GRIM-VISAGED WAR, all un-
beknoWn to us, has been haunting
the austere halls of the Macmillan
publishing company. A recent ad
Of theirs broods: Nobody knows
ire trouble we've seen -. The grim
story of paper shortage and manu-
featuring difficulties . keeps us
awake nights -. Well simply say
this: your bookseller now has CO.
pies of Forever Amber"
FLORIDA'S GOVERNOR CALD-
WELL, according to an A. P. dis
patch, refused to take action
against Sheriff Lonnie Davis, of
Madison, in connection with a
lynching because stupidity and in
eptitute are not grounds for re-
moVal."
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-01-09
HERE TO STAY

Americas atomic power projects
are here to stay and should have
a permanent force of $4,000
workers with an annual appropri-
alton of $500, OOO, 900, Major Gen
eral L. r. Groves, Army director
of the projects, told a special Sen
ate committee on atomic energy.
He revealed that 10000 persons
are now employed, but will be
scaled down to the $4,000 figure
by next July.