davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

cusSing alternative courses of
political action in the face of
shifting political alignments and
the growing intensity of national
and political issues. One alterna-
tive discussed was a new poll
tical party and a provisional ma
tional committee headed tenn
porarily by A. Philip Randolph
was established with the purpose
of developing an educational
program aimed at that objec-
tive"
Randolph, emphasizing that
the conference "aims at reaching
beyond 1896" declared that "We
wish to start an educational cam
paign that will unite American
progressives behind democratic
pl ogram reaching toward fun
damental solution of our eco
nomic problems.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

document or had been altered In
such a way as to put the union
at a disadvantage.
When negotiations were re-
sumed on Tuesday of this week,
union officials, Howard Redi-
ger, Local II and Walter Muir.
ply, from Director Gosser's of
flee pointed out the commits
sions. Company spokesmen in
formed the union that there was
mo use in discussing the alter
ed and missing clauses because
c. E. won't stand for them"
Workers Walk Out
When the workers were In
formed of the company's refusal
to discuss the altered contract,
Continued On Page 3
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

Negotiations on April 6
participated in by Richard
Gosser, UAW-CIO regional
director and other union repre-
sentatives and c. E. Swartz-
baugh, company president and
company officials led to agree
ment on all points of the con-
tract.
Company Changes Contract
Following negotiations, Presi-
dent Swartzbaugh informed the
union officials that he would
have copies of the contract pre-
pared for both the union and
company. The union agreed to
the proposal, but discovered
when the contract was sent to
them that six important points,
other than wages had either
been completely left out of the
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Local IL Members
Given Increases

Wage increases for 435 mem-
bers of Local IL, UAW-CIO,
were announced on Tuesday Of
this week by Lloyd Speidell, Lo-
cal II recording secretary.
Benefitting by the increases
will be $50 employees of the fill
lotson Mfg. Co. and 285 en-
ployes of the Acklin Stamping
Co., both of whom were given
raises effective April 8.
Tillotson workers received an
18-cents-an-hour raise plus one
half cent for inequalities, while
A kiln employees increases
ranged from 18 to "a cents with
the larger m cunt going to
workers improperly classified.
Increases received now will
bring employees of both plants
Continued On Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

by Philip Randolph, president
of the Brotherhood of Sleep
ing Car Porters-AFL.
The conference, which dis
cussed a program TO. liberal po-
litical action, was summoned by
Randolph, S a muel Wolchak,
president of the United Retail,
wholesale & Dept. Store En-
ployees-CIO; James Patton, pres
ident of the Natl. Farmers Un-
ion; John Dewey, professor en-
e-itus of philosophy at Columbia
University; Simeon Martin, pres
ident of the Michigan Farmers
Union; and H. L. Mitchell, presi-
dent of the Natl. Farm Labor
Union.
Discuss Alternative
The conference was called"
said a statement issued after the
meeting, for the purpose of dis
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

voted 3, ,147 to ], l,5O6.
Principal fight against the
tax was waged by the PAC-
CIO which battled the measure
before it was enacted by City
Council last Jan. q and through
whose efforts the special cleo
ton was made possible. More
tnan $4,000 Toledoans signed pc
titions to place the issue on the
ballot following Councils re-
fusal to place an exemption IN
the measure and its failure b
provide a referendum.
Upholding the tax ordinance
was the United Toledo Commit
tee under the chairmanship of
Vice Mayor Michael v. Disable.
Mr.. Disable and his committee
fought for the ordinance aided
by the real estate, banking and
other large financial interests
who contributed thousands of
dollars in their efforts to sustain
the tax.
GOsser Issues Statement
Richard Gosser, UAW- -CIO re-
gional director who led the fight
against the ordinance, issued
this statement when il was ap-
parent that the fight had been
lost:
1--WE accept the mandate Of
the voters as expressed in yes
terday's election and will abide
by their decision. We have 20
apology to offer for our opposi-
tion to the payroll-income tax
ordinance and have strength
ened, rather than weakened the
tax measure by making it pos
sible for the people of this city
to express themselves in a dem
ocratic election.
''We pledge to continue work
ing in the future as we have in
the past for the best interests of
the workers and plain people of
Toledo and will cooperate with
all progressive groups which are
Continued On Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
One And Only

There is only one official
authorized CIO paper in
Toledo and Northwestern
Ohio and that is the To-
LEDO UNION JOURNAL,
representing the Toledo In
duStrial Union Council.
Only the URN AL
speaks for Toledo CIO.
This notice is to again re-
peat our warning issued on
several previous occasions
that any other paper which
purpOrts to represent the
entire CIO in Toledo is a
fraud.
There are one or two
shop papers of small circu-
latiOn which are published
in Toledo for shop distribu-
ton, but the TOLEDO UN-
ION JOURNAL is the one
and only official authorized
CIO newspaper in this city.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Limo Foundry
Wins Increase
Ohio Steel Signs
Joint Agreement

LIMA, April 13 - Another
Region 2-B, UAW-CIO shop met
the national wage pattern when
negotiations were completed
here on Wednesday of this week
with the Ohio Steel Foundry
Co. to grant an 18 cents an hour
increase to 1900 members of Lo-
cal 975 and 600 workers of the
Springfield plant, members of
Local 926.
Hourly employees were given
an 18-centS an hour increase
while piece workers received 18
per cent on their rates. An ad-
ditional l cent was allowed rails
ing the basic rates 18 cents to
% cents an hou-. All increases
were retroactive to Feb. 4.
Joint Negotiations
Negotiations were conducted
jointly for the Lima and Spring
field plants of the company.
Lima is in Region 2-B under
Regional Director Richard Cos
ser, the Springfield plants is in
Region IA.
In addition to Howard Seren
who represented Region 2-B, the
following members of Local 957
took part in the negotiations:
Paul Holden, president; Furl
Williams, chairman, bargaining
committee; Ed Herndon, Ed
Wooley, Ray Foulk, Max Toalsi
and M r. Garland.
Acting for Local 926 were
Howard Deedy, president; Ferdi-
nand Clark and Bart Cauley.
Austen Patton represented Re
gion IA.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

Director GoSser and other Auto
Lite representatives and the
company management headed
by Royce G. Martin, president.
Wage Increase Granted.
Principal of the several agree
ments reached between the un-
ion and corporation was a wage
increase of 1871 cents an hour
Tor both production and non
Continued On Page Q
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

Complications which de-
velOped in negotiations be-
tween the Local Auto-Lite
management and union in
Wednesdays n 60 t iations
might lead to strike, it
was reve called here on
Wednesday night prior to a
special meeting of the Auto
Lite Unit of Local IL,
scheduled for Thursday at
1890 p. m. at Civic Audi
tOrium.
Principle points in dis
pute were maintenance of
m e m b ership, vacation
clause, seniority and other
important provisions previ-
Ously in force which were
under serious attack by the
local AutO-Lite manage
ment.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Packard Calls
Special Meeting

"A special meeting of Packard
Unit of Local IL, UAW-CIO, all
shifts for Saturday, April 20
was announced on Monday of
this week by Jerry 6iddle, Unit
chairman. The meeting will be-
gin at 1890 a. m.
Principal items of discussion
will be the contract, shop prob
lens and related topics. This is
an exceptionally important meet
ing and all Unit members are
urged to attend.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Colds Cause
Absenfeeism

CHICAGO LPA) - Even in
spring, it's not your heart that
keeps you away from your job.
It's your head (colds) and your
tEmmy (aches), according to a
statement made by the president
of the Assn. of Industrial Ply
sicians and Surgeons. These two
account for so to 60% of time
lost from jobs.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Toledo Payroll Tax Approved
By Large Turnout or Voters
Ordinance Wins By Small
Majority Or 5,3o3 Votes

Citizens of Toledo numbering 7O667 turned out to vote
in the special election held Thursday of last week and
approved the highly controversial ncomepayro tax ordl
by majority of s. 303 ballots The 81 ,985
for the ordinance and 30, ,682 opposed to it.
Tax proponents jubilant over their unexpected
victory although the ordinance defeated in IL of the
cy 81 wards Principal sronghods of the ordinance
in the 5th 10TH 11th 18th and 9Th wards One of the
biggest for the in the 21st ward which
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
ReutherFn Test
In MChicagoMeeHn
Board Meeting Marked
By II. J. Thomas Blast

CHICAGO, April 16 (SpecaD-Frst critical test of the
leadership of Walter P Reuther newly elected UAWCO
president members of the International Board
gathered for their first meeting since the Atlantic City
convention.
Leading off the attack President Reuher Hill
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Gray 7 ellis
Or Dues


OAllldl dilIlOuIlCSIllSIlL VI
the increase in dues from 81
to $1.50 a month was made
this week by Randolph Gray,
Local IL financial secretary,
In a bulletin issued to all Units
affiliated with the Local.
Gray's statement was as fol-
lows:
I'm conformity with action
taken by delegates to the 10th
Annual Convention of the UAW-
ClO, you are hereby notified
that commencing May l, 1916,
each member of the Interna.
tional UAW-CIO will be re-
quired to pay dues of $1.5O per
Hereafter, the Local Union
will not issue any official re-
ceiptS for the month of May,
1946, unless it receives $1.5O for
cues.
Members who have paid in
advance of 81 per month shall
be required to pay the addi-
tional 80 cents commencing with
the month of May. Failure TO
do so within the time specified
by the International or Local
Union Bylaws will lead to sus-
pension"
Two Months Grace.
Time allowed by the Interna-
tional and Local Union Bylaws
provide two calendar months
from the date the payment is
due.
Contained in the bulletin was
notice of the 10th Annual UAW-
CIO Convention in assessing s1
OH all members as of March 90.
1916. This assessment must be
paid during May, June or July.
Proceeds are sent to the Inter
Union and placed in the
strike fund.
No dues receipt will be issued
oy the Local for the month of
unless the 81 assessment
1as been paid.
A request to committeeman
md stewards was made by the
Local IL financial secretary ito
De extra careful in the next few
months in advising members in
regards to their membership in
lues payments.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Georgia Teachers
Get Pay Raise

ATLANTA (LPA) - Teachers
in Georgia, whose pay scale has
been as low as S45 a month, will
receive 500 wage increase,
Gov. Ellis Arnall announced last
week. The new salaries, begin
ming with the new term in Sep
tember, will run unit. the gov
ernor's term expires with the
beginning of the new year. What
happens after that depends on
the next administration.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
Union Heads Talk
About Third Partv

CHICAGO, April Is NPA) = Groundwork for the be-
gngS OF new third political party based labor farm
ana progressive support was laid last week when
OF "A unlon agricultural and liberal leaders met here and
set up provisional national committee headed temporarily
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
AutO-Lite Agrees
In Establishing
Ne1U Wage Pattern
Wage Increase Is Granted,
Awaits Membership Approval

An indusry-wide wage pattern for eight aUAWsCA9
shops under contract with the Electric Auto-Le Corpora
ton announced Thursday of this week by Richard
Gosser, UAWCIO regional director The agreement was
reached April 10 in meeting in Detroit participated
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
S1Uartsbaugh Workers
Strike When Company
Breaks Its Agreement
Company Head Rejects Union
After Agreeing to Contract

Employees of the Swartzbaugh Mfg. Co. members OF
Local 1 UAWCIO walked off their jobs Tuesday afternoon
of this week. when the company management in now-we
now-we-dsagree policy rejected the unions request
to keep its word made on April 6.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

by Walter Reuther, UAW-
CIO presid ent; George
F. Adde's, secretarY-treasurer:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

Regional Director Gosser ex-
pressed his satisfaction with the
Hobart Mfg. Co. contract early
this week and expressed his
thanks to the International rep
resentatives and shop bargain
ing committee.
Said Gosser, my only regret
is that Harold Tull did not live
to complete the agreement which
is in many ways monument to
his devotion and sincerity. l
am sure that I express the views
of Howard Seren and the Hobart
Committee when I say that we
all appreciate the work which
Harold did and hope that Local
1913 will continue to benefit from
the efforts which he made to
give the Hobart workers real
union"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19
s
Is Sianed

TROY, April Is. (SpeciaD
Negotiations were completed
here last week between
Local 1913, UAW-CIO and the
Hobart Mfg. Co. for the first
contract since Hobart workers
became members of the UAW-
CIO late last fall.
Increases of 1872 cents an
hour were granted to the $50
company employees bringing
them up to the wage increases
set throughout the rest of the
country and providing that Is
cents an hour of the increase
would be retroactive to Feb. IL.
The remaining 312 cents in
crease became effective with the
signing of the contract.
Provision of Contract
Other clauses in the contract
provide for maintenance of
membership without an escape
clause, checkoff of dues and as
sessments, employees ability de-
termined jointly by the manage
ment and executive shop COM
mittee and piece work prices to
be jointly set by the union and
company.
Top seniority is granted to
stewards and committeeman in
the contract with both being
paid for time spent in adjusting
grievances.
Grievances will be handed
through the stewards either by
submitting the matter to the
steward for settlement, or by the
aggrieved employee taking up
the grievance accompanied by
his or her steward.
TulI Initiated Contract
Initial contract negotiations
were carried out by the late
Harold Tull of Toledo who was
in charge of organizational work
prior to the NLRB election last
fall and were completed by
H ward Seren, International
representative from
the office of Regional Director
Richard Gosser, Toledo.
Assisting in the contract nego-
tiations were the following mem
bers of Local 1885 bargaining
committee: Vern Hall, Orville
Macy, Arthur Fagin and Ran
dali Driscoll.
Regional Director Gosser ex-
pressed his satisfaction with the
Hobart Mfg. Co. contract early
this week and expressed his
thanks to the international rep
and shop bargain
ing committee.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-19

TROY, April IS. (SpeciaD
Negotiations were completed
here last week between
Local 1913, UAW-CIO and the
Hobart Mfg. Co. for the first
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12
Frank Haddas, Detroit, Mich. LOO
John Merkel, Marshfield, Wis. LOO
VIGIL LIGHTS

BY J. Luddy. ...........,.. $500
Mrs. j. Hlarach, Spencer, Wis. 100
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12

linn Die HroteItanten ibr @laubeps-
befenntnis, itieBen aber auf einen entl
l6ieoenen @iberlprub. SIM Heihs-
.ablhieb befabl &arl be1t Hroteitanten
ilnter i6orfen Grobungen Die &iifs
febr 5ur fatbolii6en Stride gr ihlmg
Dem BapIt elm allgemeines aonail
Dor, Inn Die &irdenperbeiierung
mad ieinem Sinne ein5ufiibren.
8leid5eitig mar er entI6loiien, Die
@ioerltrebenoen nit @emalt gum @e-
boriam gu bringen. Mber ipeoer 1880,
|nod 1881 seItattete ibm feline Gage,
Eoieien gntidluB alls5ufiibren. So, I'M
Sabre 1882 mar er ge5mungen, ben
9roteItanten &on5eiiionen 5ll getpGb=
|ren. gs fam Der erlte Niirnberger Ste
ligionsfrieoe 5ultanoe.
+ 0tit elmer Irmee bon adt5igtau-
ieno Mann brad bierauf ser &aiier
1882 nod llngarn gegen bie Siirfen
|uuf uno notiste iie gum &iid5ug.
9ann febrte er brr6 Stalien nod
|Spanien 5uriid. llnausgeiest orobte
ibm Elm neuer fran5oiiiher arieg.
llnmioerlteblid) perbreitete iih in
Deutl9lanb Der Broteitantisnus nnb
Der 8apit NOR in feiner @eiie 5ur
8erufung zines neuen aon5ils 5u be-
megen.
SIM Sabre 1886 unternabm &arl
|einen 6elo5ug tpioer Die unter Dem
S6ut Der Bforte (Siirfei) an Der
|afrifanilden aiiite itd biloenben
&aubltaaten, erItiirmte ben Safen bon
gunis, 8oletta, idlug 6. 8arbaroila
in elmer groBen 6eloi6ladt, ieste ben
Iber5asten Mulei Saiian in gunis
rpieoer elm 1lno befreite 5panaigtau-
|ieno Gbrilteniflapen aus ben Sanoen
Der 8arbaresfanitaaten.
@1brenb oieier iiegrei6en Sample
mar a6er &onig Sran5 BON 6ranfreid)
|pon ttel,em in Sapopen uno Sber.
|Stalien eingefallen. Omar naro er
aus Dem groBten 9eil Ser iapopiidetl
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12
M. 9. 8.

Sn unierer Soiepbinun-Sa
gibt es, tpie itberan in 1lnIerm 2anoe
oes l1eberflulies, 5ablreide fleii6loie
Gage. gs lit auffaaeno 5u beoba6ten,
nie uniere S6peitern es periteben,
10 man6erlei uno 10 i6madbafte
Speiien 5u5ubereiten. 8ielleid]t iper-
ben mir NIT Ser 3eit nod 5pangs=
meiie 81 Segetarianern berange5ogen.
Sic Morgen5eituns brinst bie
Na6ri6t, baB sic Wil6 mieoer I'm
bier Gents oie @allone geitiegen iit.
@obl cine &leinigfeit, aber bus miro
uniere 1nonatli6e Mil6rednltng et=
pa Inn $75 erb0ben.
au oieier Stelle mar oes oftern
Sic 9febe bon unlerem &oblenfon6
Siesmal uollen mir BON etlpas gis=
faltem reoen. 8ir geeben nit Dem
Slan I'm, einen nit Huu -Semperatur
|oerlebenen &efrigerator IN unIerm
&ii6en-llntergei6oB ein5uri6ten. 90,
burh miro es uns moglih, in unierm
eigenen n2oder" gefrorenes Sleiib,
Slide, @emiiie uno Sru6t ein5ule-
gen. Seoesmal, penn dbnlibe @spa=
rem gu baben uno bie 8reile ni6t 5ll
| bod iino, tperoen mir irnitanbe iein,
Suden in ar0Bern 9uantitaten auf-
sulogern. geienano bralidt gegens
p4rtig einen anoern Sonbs auf Die.
ier Seite gu erparten; nur Der Stu.
bentenfonos unb ser &oblenfonos
meroen an oieier Steae tpeiter ge.
fiibrt merben. Sollte Elm 2eIer Die
Abli6t baben, gum ugolo Suno" on.
| Itatt gum &oblenfonos beisutragen
Ip1re es fir ltniern 8uhfiibrer cir
E2ei6tes, cine neue Spalte in ieiner
Sauptbud ein5ufiibren.
@enn 11niere 2eIer oes ,SoIepbi
mum 8eeflp' einen unieler anfangs
9e5ember erl6einenben oeuti6er
Sausfalenoer 5l1 erbalten miinihen
peroen iie eriudt uns oeitig ibr'
8eItelll1ng ein5uie,toen banit lie bi'
geipiinidte sln5abl erbalten f0nnen.
glae 2eier 1,nIeres ,Sbio=@ailen
lfreuno' erbalten, obne oenlelben 81
|beIteaen, ben aalenber 5ugelanbt.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12
1QdankQn
u. Erinnerungen
Bon @es. 8. Tnertses
(6ortleBung)

Die &epolntion batte inSlpii6er
groBe 5ortibritte in 9eutidlanb ge-
ma6t = our6aus gegen ben @ineit
oes &aiiers, an oeilen slbIesung io4
gar Die SiirIten geoa6t batten, als
er oas &ei6sregiment aufloIte. Der
Sieg bon 8apia bate aber bielen
Blan perbinbert.
8ieoerbolt batte 4arl an Die GoG-
Itredung bes @ormier goifts ge-
mabnt, aber obne grfolg. Mu6 Die
8eI6liiIle bes stpeiten Speperer
8eihstaees 1920 eegen Die &efor-
nation tparen frubtlos geblieben.
Sest gebadte &arl ernltli6 ein5u-
i6reiten. Son Den lingarilden Mnge-
legenbeiten uno einem ginfaa ser
Eiirfen beunrubigt, belon0ers aber
Inn oem in1mer mebr Inn ii1 greifen=
ben 2utbertum enteesen5umirfen,
ibrieb &arl 1890 einen Gei6stag
nah @ussburs aus. Sier ii6erreidten
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12

2etSex eJe ~
Bsprrbea, &benmatismns, Diabetes,
8lutbergiftmng pSer Wanarene ~
Smsn sebrmden ete bas tpeltberHtmte
D-O-D
Die Gebrni@ Snnipetfnns tft teRr anfatA
D-O-D TT abfoIut gtftfret, tntn sbnen be-
baIb i1te f&aben. - Refine 6imgerfureu. -
En,tfenbe hnn 9emgnifIen t1nfere R,inbeE ftnb
unfere gertdufer. RBenn rtnttg eebrou9t
brtngt D-O-D ben eeipnnf9fen 0rfnlu
epedHe 30. 8 f1r menfG lt@en 0e1rau@. Pea
30. fiir duberIi6en 6e6roii@. Ser WG&fS:
nir $3.50. - 9u beSieben bon
CHARLES R. NEUMANN
0erteuber rex D-O-D
eos So. Monroe Ave-, Columbus 3, q.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12
WOLFRAM'S LAXATIVE
CAPSULES

llniere aus &eilfrdlstern berse.
ftelIten 2aratipe gapi,tles sir,6 ni#
MIR elm milees Nbfiibrn,ittel, ion6ern
f0roern Die 8erbau1ng, ertfernen bic
@iftitoffe aus Magen uro ben Ser.
ba,ungsorganen, itdrfen bieielben
luro reinisen bas @lut. 9ei hroe,i.
fder @eritopfung ii1o fie 1,niibertrof-
fem.
greis: $500 per 8or (Torrat fitr
2 Bis 8 @onate); $500 fir 2 8ores,
Horto eTtra.
THE WOLFRAM co.
P.O.B. IS Columbus, Ohio
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-10-12
Sooesanjeigen

Tran gbriitina Sden, geitorben
am 6. Suli 1916 i'm ct. Soiepbs-
Soipital in Slice Safe, g8is. Mlte Sc.
ierin.
Naria Aoams, Sdneiter bon Mo=
rib sloams, Su6iaco, arf., seItorbeit
am 80. SUM- 1916 i'm Sitter bon aft=
unofiinf5ig Sabren in &anaoa.
Srancisfo Gmoboba, geitorben in
Gictoria, Ser.