davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-14
|BortIett ArkelI, Founder
OF Beechnut Co, Dies
BY he Assoeioi.d prsss

NEW YORK, Oct. 14.-Bartlett
Arkeli, "a, founder Of the Beechnut
Packing Co. and its president so
years. died Saturday night at Ben
nington, Vt.
Mr.. Arkell was q pioneer in tbs
packaging Of food in glass contai1-
ers and aided In developing b va
cuum packing technique now widely
used In the food industry.
He retired as president Of the
firm five years ago, but remained
chairman Of the board. He had
lived here since 1888.
Evening star., 1946-10-14
Meat
Continued From First Page.)

. duty : to make every effort to
obtain equal facilities for the pres
sentation of the Republican view
spoint. Therefore, I am requesting
land expecting that the four major
radio networks give equal facilities
to the Republican Party"
a Representative Jenkins of Ohio,
chairman of the Republican Con-
gressional Food Study Committee,
called for Immediate and perma-
nent elimination of all OPA con-
trolls and price regulations over the
livestock and meat industry"
The committee reported that at
its recent hearings in Sioux City,
Kansas City and Tulsa witnesses
were unanimous in declaring" that
another temporary decontrol period
would be the most tragic and dis
astrous thing that could happen to
meat production.
Secretary of Agriculture Ander-
son now has before him formal
petition from the beef industry ask
ing that meat be decontrolled. The
decision on this is expected to be
disclosed by Mr.. Truman.
On the administration side, Sena-
tor Pepper, Democrat, of Florida
said In a speech in Columbus, Ohio,
that Republican Senator Taft Of
that State more than any man in
America" had brought on the pres
ent high cost of living and the
shortage of meat" BY @wrecking the
price control law in tie last session
of Congress"
+ Taft Urges Decontrol.
Replying, Senator Taft told re-
porters in Cincinnati that he had
voted "at all times for the decontrol
of meat-the only solution of the
meat problem.
Senator Taft added that while he
was voting for decontrol, Senator
Pepper and his friends insisted on
continued control, although all
through the spring IS per cent Of
the meat was sold in the black
market"
Chairman Doughton of the House
Ways and Means Committee issued
q statement saying he favors de-
control of meat "at the earliest
practicable moment" His ONCE said
Mr.. Doughton had urged Mr.. Tru-
man ito take sound and immediate
action to relieve the meat situation -
The American Livestock Associa-
tion appealed to the President. say
ing he was playing with fire" II he
acted to lift the hoof-and-mouth
disease embargo to permit importa-
ton of beef.
Every livestock producer in this
country will deeply resent any move
that would threaten to ruin his
business" the association said IN a
statement issued in Denver.
Evening star., 1946-10-14

Cauley In Civilian clothes when the
Hutchinson'S were held up" Sheriff
Clark said.
Early Wednesday the bodies Of
Lawrence o. Hogan, "a, and Miss
Elaine E1dridge. %, Of Fort Lauder
dale were found shot to- death on
Dania Beach. Each had been shot
once with q .32-caliber pistol.
Sheriff Clark plans to use Army
mine detectors on the beach and
nearby water, perhaps today, In an
effort to locate the murder weapon.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
MANY PRESIDENTS
 FAVORED STATEHOOD

The history of the territorial expansion and political develop ment of the United States is one of the advance of area after area from territorial status to state hood. This has been the logical development for any substantial American area.
 It would seem to be a logical development at this time for the two areas, Alaska and Hawaii, which have the advanced and special position of being "incor- porated territories and which have developed the general problems common to American territories in their progression toward full self-government and inclusion in the family of states.
 There is m do,,htt put what Secretary Seward had eventual statehood in mind when he con cluded the arrangements for A a k S annexation. In a lengthy and learned speech in support of ratification of the treaty of purchase of Alaska, Senator Charles Sumner also specifically dedicated Alaska to future statehood in the Union and made a prophetic appeal to the Senate on behalf of the tide of Americans to follow into Alaska in the future. Others prominent on the national scene since that time, including Pres idents T h e o dore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and liar ry s. Truman, have spoken of statehood as Alaska's destiny. The late James Wickersham, who was Alaska's Delegate to Congress longer than any other man, looked forward to the time when Alaska
 will emerge from the chrysa-
 lis of territorial darkness,
 adopt a state constitution and
 attain final home rule as the
 sovereign state of Alaska.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

bill as amended by the Senate,
 the House conferees put
 through a joker. following
 the clause above referred to:
 Provided further. that this
 provision shall not operate to
 prevent the legislature from
 imposing other and additional
 taxes or licenses. The joker
 was in the bill to stay, and al-
 though it is the only clause
 giving the legislature author
 ity over the fisheries, it has
 served to empower that body
 to use the industry as the
 chief mainstay of the terri
 torial treasury.
 The main question of debate when territorial government, and not statehood, was at stake was the old, old issue between home rule and big business. Their lobby was asking; Would big business be required to pay the costs of home rule, and to suffer under the jurisdiction of the local legislature?" The Or. ganic Act, as presented to the 62nd Congress, was carefully drawn to quiet their concern Expenditures and taxes were to be limited in the manner already described; non-residents were to be taxed no higher than resi- dents; county organization was prohibited, an d indebtedness was carefully hedged about to preclude extravaganza. These restrictions were explained as due to the fact that it was not a question of what was right for Alaska to have, but, as Delegate Wickersham put it, of what the particular interests will lei Congress pass for us, because they are in a position to defeat the bill if they determine to do SO"
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

many unique requirements, that it is almost fantastic to expect good local government in the Territory to stem from the na- tionaI capital. Yet, under the territorial system, that appar- ently is the expectation. It has never been fulfilled. The his tory, as someone has said, is one of
 how Congress occasionally
 and hastily fashioned a few
 legislative garments for Alas
 ka .. how those clothes were
 never cut to fit, how Alaska
 tore them out in the seams
 and wore them out at the el-
 bows. with Congress too busy
 to mend.
 Aside from the relationship which it creates between the territory and Congress, in the one case, and between Alaska and the federal bureaus in the other, there are other and Seri- ous disadvantages to territorial ism. One of these was discov- cred as long ago as 1921 by Alaska's then Attorney General, John Rustgard. He had sought to obtain for Alaska the same privileges afforded residents of the states in the matter of using foreign ships. In brief, the law provides that merchandise ship ped from one American point to another over the Canadian railroads may be shipped in a British bottom over the water part of the route, as on the Great Lakes.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
ECONOMIC GROWTH
 DELAYED BY STATUS

Alaska spent 45 years in pain ully acquiring the political sta tus commonly accorded to our territories after a comparatively brief and uneventfuI novitiate. Alaska belonged to the United States IT years before it had any legal government whatsoever. Sixteen more years passed be- fore Congress determined what laws should guide her people in their daily conduct. Another six years elapsed before the terri tory was permitted an official representative at the national capital, and an equal and addi- tiOnal length of time before the people were permitted to take any part in making the local laws under which they were governed. Since the territory was given a legislature. 34 more years have passed into history with relatively little improve ment in Alaska's governmental status.
 That for which Alaskans have been struggling since 1912 has not been political recognition, as such. It has been economic de- velopment. Yet, for economic de- velopment Alaska is almost to- tally dependent upon the action of Congress. And the favorable action of Congress has been found to be all but impossible without statehood. If this view be accepted-and it is difficult to place any other interpretation on the eVents-Alaska's politi- cal struggle must begin anew, the fight for home rule must re- commence, and Alaska should begin now 10 equip herself for entrance into the sisterhood of states as one of the greatest.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
PEOPLE HOLD FATE III THEIR OWN HANDS

Delegate Wickersham was sue ceedeo by Delegate Dimond, who throughout his dozen years in Washington, while winning many new advantages for Alas ka as a territory, made state hood for Alaska a continuing and ultimate aim. Now Delegate Bartlett is continuing the long struggle to bring Alaska's state hood aspirations prominently to the attention of the Congress and the nation. Whether he, or whether some successor as Dele gate, will succeed in gaining ad- mission for Alaska depends pri- family upon how vigorously and insistently the people of the ter ritory show their desire for such a step.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
STATEHOOD MOVE BEGAN IN 1915

The statehood movement in Alaska already has many years, and the long efforts of many good men, behind it. Cries for statehood began to be heard throughout the territory in 1915, as many people came to realize that in no other way could they hope to throw off the shackles of colonialism with which Alas ka was continually being bur dened. The second Territorial Legislature saw introduction of a statehood bill by Senator o. P. Hubbard. who the following year became the first president of the first Alaska Statehood Club, organized at Valdez on February Is, 1916.
 A bill for statehood was also introduced in Congress by Dele gate Wickersham in 1916, caus- ing the newspapers of the Unit ed States to take up the ques- ton of admitting Alaska, while of course the press of the terri tory devoted much editorial space to the issue. Delegate Wickersham's bill came to naught. Far from being inter- ested in giving Alaska more self government, the federal gov ernment at that time was busily engaged in trying to take back what few privileges had been ac- corded the Territory by the Or ganic Act of 1912.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

. reHdered them of much less force and value than identi- cally the same laws possessed in the older territories. By later congressional acts, some tines even by executive proc lamations. and more often by rules and regulations prepared and adopted, by some or all of the numerous United States bureaus engaged in public ac- tiVities in Alaska and which have or are assumed to have the force and effect of the United States statutes, the or ganic laws of Alaska are rem dered less effective and in some instances practically re- pealed, though not mentioned in the Acts of Congress ere ating the bureaus.
 The enabling act of 1912 made Alaska a potential state. But the special limitations which had tC be inserted in the act to insure it's passage have not been re in the years since elapsed
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
FISHING INTERESTS SOUGHT TO EVADE TAX

The Organic Act had been in tended to be even more restric- tive. One of the most interesting spectacles in Congress during it's consideration was the effort made by the fishing interests to limit the power of the legisla- ture to tax them. This effort and it's unforeseen result are describ- ed by Jeannette Paddock Mich ols in her admirable book Alaska: a Study of Its Admin istration. Exploitation and h. dustrial Development During lis First Half Century Under the Rule of the United States.
 They secured upon the floor
 of the House the insertion of
 a clause n c l u d i n g among
 those laws which the legisla-
 ture was forbidden to "alter,
 amend. modify, and repeal"
 measures relating to game and
 fish These precautions
 went for naught, however, as
 far as taxation of the fisheries
 was concerned: for in the in-
 evitable committee of confer
 ence of the two houses on the
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
MANY KNEW LITTLE; MORE CARED LITTLE

On the other hand, there bas been no lack of persons of oppo- site view, though it is fair to say these have always been the men who knew the least about Alaska, and cared even less than that. During the period of total national neglect of Alaska from 1867 to 1884, the Congressional attitude toward the new posses sion was expressed by Repre- sentative Price of Iowa, who said,
 Now that we have got it
 and cannot give ii away or
 lose it. I hope we will keep ii
 under military rule and get
 along with as little expense as
 possible.
 Every session of Congress from 1868 to 1884 saw at least one bill for providing tempo rary government for Alaska in troduced in the national legis- lature. None was passed. Most
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

died in committee or were killed by "obiection.2 The difficulty was a lack of information and interest to pass legislation for a region which gave no congress man a constituency. The history since that time has been hardly less unhappy.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
ALASKA WAS VICTIM OF DISCRIMINATION

The Attorney General took the position that a section of the Jones Act which denies this same privilege to the people of Alaska in utilizing more eco nomical Canadian transporta- tion is unconstitutional in that it discriminates against Alaska in matters of interstate com merce. The court held that Con- gress not only has the right to discriminate against Alaska in this manner but could, if it saw fit, close every port in the terri tory. The Supreme Court sus- tained this position. Comment ing on the decision, Rustgard suggested remedy.
 The blow is a severe one, and there is no remedy for 1t except to give to Alaska. state government in which event the people will have the same protection against discriminatory legislation as is accorded people of the states. The decision of the Su- preme Court is the best argu- ment in support of a demand for state government.
 Alaska's pre- s en t Attorney General, Ralph Rivers, recently summed up some of the more important legal disadvantages of territorial status as follows:
 Alaskans cannot elect their Governor or Secretary .. The Alaska Legislature can not alter the number of Rep resentatives or Senators in the Territorial Legislature as in- creased population or shifts in population might warrant Alaskans cannot have a delegate in the United States Senate The legislature canno. create courts either with original jurisdiction or appellate powers Alaska cannot control its fisheries and wildlife, excepting as in- cidental to taxation. The legis- lature cannot pass a local or special law no matter how necessary in a particular case. Municipal corporations cannot bond themselves in excess of 10 per cent of the taxable value of property :. j. and can not levy a tax in excess of two per cent The territory cannot levy a tax fer terri torial purposes in excess of one per cent and assess ments for the purpose of taxa ton on property must be &C., cording to the "actual value thereof" which restriction inn poses an almost insurmount- able obstacle to any reason able property taxation pro- gram within the usual consti- tttional restrictions. The ter ritory cannot bond itself no ma ter how great the need might become, unless Congress would pass law allowing it. Although money from license taxes on trades and occupa- tions imposed by Congress -.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

goes to the municipalities
 or to the Alaska Fund =. the disbursement of the Alas
 ka Fund, under the law. by
 the US. Treasury, is absolute
 ly arbitrary The President
 is directed to submit territOri-
 al laws to Congress so that it
 may diSapprove any law en-
 acted by the Territorial Legis-
 lature. This is a useless indig-
 nity because Congress, with
 its plenary power over terri
 tories. can pass special laws
 for Alaska in derogation of
 our local enactments at any
 time. All of these restrictions
 could be abolished by grant
 ing statehood.
 The faults of the territorial form of government were SC glaringly revealed during the debates upon statehood for Ok lahoma, New Mexico and Ari zona in the early 190O's tha Governor Brady of Alaska. fol one, propo d that Alask; should remain unorganiZed unti ready for statehood. This, o. course, was an extreme view which not many Ala S k n: shared. Bad as it is, territoria status undoubtedly is justified as a temporary expedient, as ; step toward statehood. No onC ever intended it should continue as long as it has in Alaska.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
TAX SYSTEM ALSO WAS MAKESHIFT

Such is the genesis of the charter under which Alaska's territorial government fun C. tions. It is underlain by, and in cOrporates by reference, even older and less satisfactory scraps and pieces of congressional leg islation. The earlier Organic Act of 1884, according to the Nichols account:
 was evolved from a composite
 of honest intentions, ignor-
 ance, stupidity, indifference,
 and qua s i-expedieney. The
 Senate debated it at some
 length on five consecutive
 days in January of 1884; and
 on May 13 following the
 House adopted the measure
 precisely as it came to them,
 after about two hours desul-
 tory discussion.
 The act as passed was a com promise bill drawn in the Senate Committee on Territories to pro- vide a simple, temporary form of government without meeting any constitutional stumps."
 Similarly, Alaska's tax sys- tenn stems from a time when the territory had no local govern ment, no representation in Con- gress, no legislature and no means of assessing or collecting an equitable tax. It was moti- Vated by a desire on the part of Congress in 1898 to legalize the liquor traffic in an area in which absolute prohibition had been the law, though far from the practice. Taxes were levied upon the residents in general, accord ing to the business in which they were engaged, whether it was billiards or boarding houses, meat marketing or taxidermy. The fisheries were taxed accord ing to their output, for example, four cents for each case of can ned salmon and ten cents for each barrel of salted salmon. The gold mines were taxed by the number of stamps in opera ton, three dollars per stamp. This system of licensing all busi- nesses on the same principle as saloons adapted itself readily to Alaska, because of her lack of the usual organization for levy ing ordinary taxes. There was some justification for such tax system in that day. But it has been retained, with some modi- ficat ons, to date.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
MANY LAWS FORBIDDEN
 TO ALASKA LEGISLATURE

The national governments s giEt to Alaska of legislative body falls far short of fulfilling territorial aspirations for home rule, since Congress has specifi- cally forbidden the Territorial Legislature to enact certain kinds of laws. Among these specific prohibitions are the following;
 It may not pass any law in- terfering with the primary disposal of the soil; .. it may not authorize bonded in- debtedness or the creation of [ any debt by the territory or municipalities thereof; it may not create or assume any indebtedness for the actual running expenses of the terri torial government in excess of the actual income of the terri tory for a given year; it may not levy any tax for territorial purposes in excess of one per centum upon the assessed val uation of property, nor within the incorporated towns (for town purposes) in excess of two per centum; it may not pass any law providing for the formation of county govern ment within the tory without the affirmative ap- proval of Congress: it may not alter, amend, modify, or re- peal' the game" and fish" laws passed by Congress and in force in Alaska.
 The Organic Act also extends to Alaska limitations imposed in a separate act of 1886 prohibit ing passage of local or special laws by legislatures of the ter ritories.
 Delegate Wickersham h d told the senate committee in charge of the so called Alaska home rule bill that he consid- cred the sumptuary provisions Qimiting territorial xpend i, lures and taxes) an insult to his constituents and that he expect ed them to be repealed "when Congress learns to have conf dence in the integrity of the people of Alaska" However the provisions remain to this day.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06

God is afar off and it is long way Washington" Forytwo years later the saying still has point applied Alaskas territorial form of government.
 Alaska is far removed from Washington and has
The Wrangell sentinel., 1946-09-06
THE DISADVANTAGES OF TERRIroRlALIsM

THERE is old Aeut saying winch in Alaska
 at the time of Russian occupation: God high and the Czar far away It paraphrased in 1904 by the Nome Nugget in complaining bitterly of official neglect Alaska
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-11-30
Housing Needs
Described As Ex-
tension Workshop

Although thousands Of farm
families are being helped by Elk
tension Service agents to improve
their homes, too many low-income
farm people are still being passed
by declared TN. Campbell, Fed
eral Extension field agent, last
week in talk on rural housing
before the Extension Service sup
ervisor's workshop at Southern
University, Baton Rouge, La.
Mr.. Campbell, who was chair
man of the two-week workshop,
urged the 80 supervisors in at
tendance to stress the importance
of rural housing in their con-
ferences with county agents. "You
ought to so out and get some
first hand information on the
housing needs of the people
he said.
Pointing to ain enlarged photo
graph of dilapidated farm home,
the field agent told the super
visors that they ought to spend
a night occasionally in home
like this with no sanitary toilet,
no electric lights, no scheens,
and not half enough rooms for
its eight occupants.
j 4sNow l know that many agents
are encouraging farmers to inn
prove their homes; some are help
ing them to obtain plans and mat
erials for building or repairing
their homes, but | am afraid that
we are passing by this family
and thousands of others like it
in our rush to make shov "
Mr.. Campbell said. Som ii us
drive Is or 20. miles to get a
good home to spend the night
when we ought to spend it right
where night catches u.s." the field
agent added.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1946-11-30
Truman Disproves
Sentence Given
Negro Soldier


Washington, D. C. (NNPA) =
The War Department announced
last Tuesday that President Tru-
man has disapproved the sentence
given Private Lemas Woods, Jr.,
of Detroit, who was tried by gen.
eral court martial in the Philip
pines and sentenced to death.
A rehearing will be given him
before another court martial to be
appointed later.
In disappearing the sentence
and authorizing another trial, the
announcement said," consideration
was given to new evidence produc-
ed since the trial."
At the rehearing all evidence
taken at the original, as we'll az
all new evidence will be offered
for consideration by the court
martial, the War Department said.