davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-08-12
u. This Changing World
BY Constantine Br0wn

start training the Communist forces
will be recalled and shipment Of equip
ment to these troops will be halted.
The difficulties encountered by Gen.
Marshall were due principally to the
directives he received to consider the
strife between the Kuom;ntang and the
Communists as an internal affair.
AS matter of fact, however, Gen.
Mao is nothing but puppet of Moscow
and the job of getting the Chinese
together was made impossible because
1t was against the present interests
of the U. S. S. r.
1t is true that during the conversa-
tions between President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Stain at Teheran and
Yalta and later when President Truman
discussed the Chinese situation with
Stain at Potsdam, the Russian leader
obtained extensive concessions in Man
churia and Korea and agreed that he
would recognize only the legal Chinese
government headed by Chang. On the
basis OF this agreement the Sino-Soviet
Treaty OF August IS, 1945, was signed by
Chiangs plenipotentiaries in Moscow.
But soon afterward it became evident
that Stain made that agreement with
aaAo AhSCAo ClooSCu. anu Willie even
today the Soviet government still Of
f1cially recognizes the China regime as
the sole authority in China, it is lending
undercover assistance to the Yenan
crowd. In the meantime, the Soviet
propaganda agencies are attacking the
Chinese leader and his government
while extolling the democratic ten
denotes" of the Yenan organization.
In the course of the last eight months
high Government officials in Washing
ton noticed queer phenomenon. Every
time Secretary Of State Byrnes locked
horns with Foreign Minister Molotov,
the near agreements" which gave us
hope that the internal situation in
China might be settled became suddenly
worse. At first 1t was believed that this
was a coincidence. But when the "co-
incidence" repeated itself with monoto-
nous regularity it became obvious that
there was strong link between the
Far Eastern and European problems
and that the same hand pulled the
strings in Europe and Asia.
The Saturday declaration of Gen.
Marshall and Ambassador Stuart to the
effect that there is a deadlock in our
efforts to bring about fusion between
National Government and the COM
munists came at time when the
relations at Paris between the U. S. S. r.
and the western powers including the
United States have reached new
dangerous impasse.
Evening star., 1946-08-12

The speeches of Mr. Molotov and Mr.
Byrnes, In their clash over peace confer
ence rules and procedures had a passage
which I believe has escaped comment
Mr.. Molotov was arguing in the rules
committee on the question whether the
conference should vote by simple ma
jority-as advocated by Mr.. Byrnes-or
by two-thirds majority, which he de-
Tended. He argued that the Council of
Foreign Ministers, when 1t makes the
final decision on proposed recommended
tions, would naturally attach greater i'm
portance to proposals put forward by
two-thirds of the delegates than those
of a simple majority.
He accused Mr.. Byrnes OF advocating
a simple majority in order to block
Soviet influence, quoting Mr. Evatt that
under two-thirds rule nothing contrary
to the views of the Soviet Union could
be recommended" and commenting,
there are projects, therefore, contrary
to the interests Of the Soviet Union
which he Mr. Evatt, and by implica-
ton Mr.. Byrnes) desires to see adopted"
Now, Of course, what is at stake is
not the interests Of any particular state,
but Of all states, and above them, of
mankind. Mr.. Molotov believes that the
interests of the U. S. S. r. are synony-
nous with those Of mankind, as indeed,
to greater or less degree, do all powers.
But 1t is one of his arguments that de-
mands, I think, special attention, the
more so since it represents a view
point generally held, and which Is i'm
plicit in the composition of this con-
ference. AS pointedly observed by a
Brazilian delegate, DR.. Raoul Fernandez,
Europe is hardly represented, though
the treaties being made will affect Eu-
rope in the most drastic way. "It is" he
said, "a conference of Slavs and Ameri-
cans with scarcely anything Of the Euro
pean spirit represented. ''' They are
thinking of peace by force instead of
peace by law and the spirit, and the
outlook is far from encouraging"
In this thus well-described situation
Mr.. Molotov complained that under SIM
pie majority rule "the nine nations -
who have experienced the aggression of
one of the states for whom we are
celebrating here peace treaty - In
spite of the fact that they have suffered
most may find themselves in a
minority" This, indeed, was his chief
argument for demanding two-thirds
concurrence-and, therefore. one-third
veto right-namely that the fact of
having suffered aggression from state
lends superior right of judgment on
It's treaty.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Year After Wars End
By BneF ". Patch

The Presidents proclamation Of Vic
tory Day calls upon the American peo-
pie to observe the occasion as "a day of
prayer and Of high resolve that the
cause OF justice, freedom. peace and in
ternational good will shall be advanced
with unremitting efforts. :" On
Armistice Day, 1919, President Wilson,
i'll in the White House, issued q state
ment In which he spoke Of gratitude
for the victory, both because of the
thing from which 1t has freed us and
because of the opportunity it has given
America to show her sympathy with
peace and justice in the councils of
nations"
A year after the end of World War I,
the peace treaties had been written, but
the League OF Nations had not yet ON
cially come into being. Eight days after
Wilson reminded America Of its inter-
national obligations, the Senate turned
down the Treaty Of Versailles and the
League Covenant and 50 kept the United
States out of the councils Of nations"
Today, In contrast, this country is very
actively participating in the new and
already functioning world organization,
as we'll as in numerous other interna-
UlONdl COUNCILS.
X k*
In domestic affairs there are more
similarities than differences between
the two immediate postwar periods.
Widespread labor disturbances marked
both years. Although the 1o45-46 strike
wave seems to have spent Its force now,
the 1919 strike wave was at its height
q year after wars end. Great steel
and coal strikes were then in progress.
On Armistiee Day itself labor violence
f1ared In Centralia, Wash, where I.
w. w. members fired on holiday pa
raiders and killed four veterans.
In those days there was no PAC for
politicians to denounce, but the country
was full Of antiradical agitation. Four
days before Armistice Day Attorney
General Palmer had opened his famous
Red-baiting campaign. That cabinet
officers dealings with Communists. how
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Cleaning Up the Potomac

The progress being made in Clean
ing up" the Potomac River is en-
couraging to the organizations and
individuals responsible for the anti
pollution campaign waged so ener-
getically in recent years-and so
fruitlessly much of the time. The
first definite step toward realization
of the program came in 1941. when
the States of Virginia, West Virginia,
Maryland and Pennsylvania joined
in cooperative pact with the Dis
trict of Columbia and the Federal
Government to form the Interstate
Commission on the Potomac River
Basin.
At it's fifth annual meeting last
week the commission took stock of
Improvements already made, of con-
ditions still in need of attention and
of plans for future development of
the basin. The reports made to the
commission were, on the whole, of
an optimistic nature. Industrial
pollution, especially in the Cumber-
land area, is being abated through
the public-spirited cooperation of
private industry-albeit much re-
mains to be done in this special field.
OF more interest to public health
authorities are the scheduled plans
for reducing the amount of raw
sewage emptying into the big stream
In urban areas. The Maryland Sub
urban Sanitary Commission, Airing
ton County and the City of Alexan-
dria are planning increased sewage
treatment facilities. But Fairfax
County pours raw sewage into the
river near Hunters Creek and will
continue to do so until means are
found to provide disposal plant, as
originally planned, at Hunting
Creek.
Public apathy in years past re-
garding pollution hazards in the
Potomac was the result largely of
lack of knowledge regarding the un-
clean condition of the river. The
commission is helping to make resi-
dents of the great basin aware of
the perils which lurk in the inviting
waters. One important educational
project is the establishment of test
Ing stations where constant check
can be made of the degree of pollu-
ton.
The success of the commissions
program depends on public interest
and public support, for the whole
undertaking is cooperative and VOL
untary-as opposed to governmental
compulsion. Since the people who
live along the banks of the river.
who drink its waters and who eniov
the recreation which 1t offers are
the chief beneficiaries of the COM
missions program, there should be
no lack of public enthusiasm and
support for the Improvements in the
making and planned.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Wuninq Summer

And every Leaf is hanging in a dream.
The cricket's song breaks intermit-
tantly.
subtle quiet holds the summer air,
The beetle lies in dust as thick az
cream
Where freckled shodo,rs rest. Each dis
tdnt hill
z Is wrapped tn deeper haze OF purple.
Skies,
Somehow, are strangely high and reti-
cent;
The robin has far look In his eyes,
And cocks his head iohile standing mo-
tionleSs.
Though outpardly the heart Is calm
and shoaus
No tN,it OF restlessness, It seems to think
On changetuI things the thoughtful
robin knotps.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Rocket Mystery

Ihe mystery OF the pnantOm rOck-
cts which have been hurtling over
Norway and Sweden with increasing
frequency in recent months is rap
idly becoming matter of interna-
tional speculation and one OF no
little concern to the jittery coun-
tries which seem to be the testing
grounds or the targets - of the
weird missiles. When first reports
of the aerial invaders" began to
reach Swedish newspapers last May,
there was public skepticism. fol-
lowed by curiosity and some indig-
nation. AS the "bombardment" con-
tinued on an almost daily schedule,
however, the indignation has been
not unmixed with fear-although
the origin and purpose of the rock
cts remain uncertain.
While the Communist newspaper,
Ny Dag, in Stockholm has sought to
laugh off the rockets as optical illu-
sions, they are no laughing matter
to other newspapers or to military
experts of the Swedish defense staff,
according to copyrighted dispatch
by Correspondent Homer Bigart in
the New York Herald Tribune. The
Swedish authorities last week re-
leased photograph of one of the
missiles that convinced nearly every
body but the editors of Ny Dag that
they are dealing with a dangerous
reality, not rumors. The defense
staff admits it is perplexed as to the
meaning, construction and source of
the rockets.
BY spotting on a map reports of
those who have seen the fast-mov-
ing objects, however, Swedish mill
tary officers have found that the
general course is from the southeast
coast of Sweden northward and
seemingly veering eastward over
that country. This would indicate
that the launching site is somewhere
in Northern Germany, possibly
Peenemuende, the Baltic coast city,
where Nazi engineers were engaged
in V-bomb research. The Russians
seized considerable quantity of
V-bombs and rocket materials and
are known to be interested in rocket
development.
II the unwanted aerial visitors are
really Of Soviet origin, what possible
motive could there be behind the
continuance OF this peacetime "war
of nerves? The usual Soviet policy
on military researches is one of ex-
treme secrecy, hence 1t is unlikely
that the rockets would continue to
Evening star., 1946-08-12

The situation In China has reached
such an explosive stage that, both Gen.
George G. Marshall and the newly
appointed ambassador, DR.. Leigh Stuart,
have admitted publicly that the chances
OF bringing about compromise be-
tween the National Government and the
Communists have practically vanished.
In the light Of this public admission,
1t Is expected that the United States
Government will have to consider what
new policy 1t shall adopt in the Far
East, where the situation Is as danger
Gus as 1t Is in Europe.
Gen. Marshall has kept a stiff upper
lip In the last few months and in his
official statements has shown a certain
amount OF optimism. But in private
conversations he has never given more
than a five-to-one chance to his plan
OF bringing about truce in keeping
with the Chungking agreement of Feb
ruary Is, 1916, between Chang Kai-shek
and Mao Tse-tung. But in order to
put his directives into effect to get the
National Government and the Com
munist faction together he worked even
on that slim margin.
President Truman's special represen-
tative went out of his way to placate
the Communists, who were more diff
cult to handle than Chiang's govern
ment representatives.
Throughout the tedious negotiations
which followed Gen. Marshall's arrival
in China after the spectacular resigna-
ton Of Ambassador Patrick J. Hurley,
the wartime chief Of staff made every
effort to gain the good will Of the
Communists. In order to show Ameri-
cas- impartiality in situation which
the United States Government regarded
as an internal strife between two politi-
cal factions, Gen. Marshall decided to
provide the Communist Army units with
American military instructors and
equipment.
This policy, however, apparently was
reversed in recent weeks when it became
obvious that the Yenan group was not
willing to play the game fairly. In a
written statement dated July 81, 1916,
Acting Secretary of State Dean Acheson
stated "it definitely is not contemplated
that American training or even mini
mum equipment requirements will be
provided the Communist units until
there is definite prospect OF the inte-
grafton of these units with those of the
National Army into a single army of
the Republic of China"
In the light Of the admission OF Gen.
Marshall and Ambassador Stuart last
Saturday, 1t is evident that the officers
who have already reached Kalgan to
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Jerk Arrives

From the Memphis Commercial Appeal
Whenever Funk g. Wagnalls can get
enough paper to print a new dictionary
one will be able to look in the is and
find "jerk" defined as an unpopular per-
son. Charles Earle Funk, editor and
photographer. says: "The word jerk is
colorful, descriptive. We're going to use
1t. Maybe it will offend the purists, but
we can't help it. We don't make the
language"
We have an idea Mr.. Funk will have q
lot of support from people who use die
tionaries for information and do not
regard them as compilations Of terms
accepted by the higher culture alone.
Likely, Mr.. Funk will suggest the slangy
origin OF the word. After all, why
shouldn't the jerk crash the dictionary?
He crashes everything else.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Albania and u. N.

Abania's application for member
ship in the United Nations has
already provoked considerable dis
cussion which is likely to intensity
before the September meeting of
the General Assembly. This is
because Albania seems to typify
class OF cases whose proper DISPOSE
ton Is little short Of vital for the
successful evolution of the u. N
organization.
According to the stipulations of
the Charter, membership Is re-
stricted to states enjoying a juridic
ally sovereign status and possessing
governments able to furnish proofs
of their legality and guarantees of
their peace-loving character. to-
gether with willingness and ability
to comply with all obligations which
the Charter imposes upon its
membership
A factual analysis of the present
regime in Albania headed by Enver
Hoxa throws serious doubt on its
ability to qualify as a successful
applicant for admission. The weight
of evidence tends to show that this
regime came to power by violent
methods with the assistance of the
Yugoslav regime headed by Marshal
Tito; that it maintains itself in
power by dictatorial methods, plus
the continued backing of Tito; that
it is entirely subservient to both
Yugoslav and Soviet Russian infiu-
ences; that it has adopted pro-
vocative and aggressive attitude to-
ward Greece, and has committed
unfriendly acts toward Britain: in
short. that its origin. character and
genuine sovereignty are alike in
doubt. Already Greece has formally
objected to the Hoxa regimes
claim to eligibility, while both
Britain and the United States are
reportedly dubious as to its qualifi-
cations. On the other hand, it's
application has been sponsored by
Yugoslavia and is warmly espoused
by Soviet Russia.
In its larger aspects, the case of
Albania seems on a par with that of
the Mongolian Peoples Republic,
which is likewise obviously satellite
of fba Soviet ITpiop Thoea +u,r>
admissions would enlarge that
Soviet bloc" within U. NJ, whose
unvarying solidarity seems hardly
consonant with sovereign liberty
Evening star., 1946-08-12

be sent into territory where their
appearance would be widely pub
licized and where there would be
risk of a "dud" falling into foreign
hands. Two Stockholm newspapers
have conjectured that some sort Of
psychological" campaign is being
waged as means Of obtaining easier
terms for Russia in her trade rela-
tions with Sweden. None of these
theories has any real basis in known
fact.
If Russia can clear up the mystery,
she is content not to do so, for
nothing but silence has greeted pub
lished suggestions that the phan-
toms have come from behind the
Soviet iron curtain"
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Charter Anniversary

This is the fifth anniversary of
the birth of the Atlantic Charter
a proclamation of high principles
which find little sustenance in a
world at peace.
Drafted by the late President
Roosevelt and Winston Churchill,
the charter was intended to serve as
a rallying point for the peoples who
were fighting tyranny. 1t suff1ced
admirably for that purpose, it's
statement of economic and political
principles being adopted by the
Allied powers, including Soviet Rus
sia. But now that peace, so-called,
has returned to the world, the prin-
ciples enunciated in the charter
seem all but forgotten.
1t was announced last week that
this Government had unfrozen a
$40,00o,000 balance of a 10000, 900
loan to Roland. The loan was frozen
last spring in conjunction with the
dispatch of, sharp note to the
Polish government protesting its
failure to conduct the free elec-
tions" pledged under the Yalta
agreement. 1t has been more than
a year and a half since Yalta, and
there is a tendency to forget that
it was that agreement which
marked the first major departure
from the principles of the charter.
1t was at Yalta that we agreed
to the partitioning of Poland to
satisfy the Soviet demand for Polish
territory-an agreement plainly in
violation of the charters declara-
ton against territorial changes
that do not accord with the freely
expressed wishes of the people con-
cerned" 1t was also at Yalta that
the Big Three promised free and
unfettered elections" in Poland as
soon as possible-elections in which
"all democratic and anti-Nazi par
ties' should have the right to take
part and put forward candidates.
On the basis of this free election
pledge we recognized the new Polish
government, and it was because of
the failure to keep the pledge that
the Polish credit was. frozen last
spring. Now the whole credit has
ben unfrozen, and this despite the
fact no elections have been held
and the further fact that Polish
Ambassador Lange stated in London
last week that Polish Socialist leaders
were increasingly inclined to con-
tinue to postpone the elections If
the government failed to get its po-
litical opposition to agree to single
election list-a Communist-favored
device which clearly violates the
terms of the charter.
From this at the least, it is clear
that we have decided to close our
eyes to the continuing failure OF the
Poles to live up to the free election
pledge which the late President
Roosevelt regarded as the heart of
the Yalta agreement. Perhaps there
are good reasons for this, yet 1t is
difficult to understand national
policy which accommodates itself to
the facts of life in Poland while
refusing to yield an inch in its in
sistence that the Argentines, for
example, live up to the letter and
spirit of their commitments.
Evening star., 1946-08-12

of action. The prospects of still
other potential Soviet satellites
seeking admission to U. NJ, including
the IA remaining members of the
Soviet Union, invoking the prece-
dent of the Ukranian and Byelorus-
sian S. S. RS, are. arousing appre-
hension in the world at large.
Albania's application is therefore
likely to be closely scrutinized, not
only on its intrinsic merits but also
as part of a larger pattern.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
New Uniforms

If the Army has the same expe-
rience as the Navy in testing serv-
ice reaction to proposed uniform
changes, the enthusiasm of propo-
nents of new military fashions may
suffer bit of deflation. Preliminary
reports from widespread survey
show that an overwhelming major
ity of Navy enlisted men prefer their
traditional bell-bottom trousers and
fiat hats to the proposed new officer
like uniforms featuring conventional
trousers and snappy jackets. They
like the distinction OF the salty garb
popularized in song and story and
they do not relish the idea OF deal
ing with laundry and pressing prob
lens involved in the new styling
plan.
The Army proposes to test soldiers
and the general public's attitude to-
ward the return of dress blues in
new form. Designed for off-station
wear, the dress uniforms would be
either OF solid blue or, if color-con-
scious soldiers should prefer, OF two
tone combinations of definitely dap
per appearance. Style shows will be
held at various posts during the
year, with the public invited to join
in expressing an opinion. For spe-
cial dress occasions, a hashy cape
with bright colored lining is in pros
pect.
Fancy dress uniforms went into
hiding during the war for both
Army and Navy men. There was no
wave of protest from officers, who
always felt uncomfortable In the
glittering and expensive garb re-
quired for formal events, with sword
and glove trappings. And If it were
put to a vote, there is little doubt
that the crowning glory OF prewar
naval full dress uniforms, the fore
and-aft cooked hat, would be con-
signed permanently to the museum.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Try Spanking the Porents
from the victoris Colonist.

From the Victoria Colonist.
Juvenile delinquency drops when pa
rental delinquency is brought to book
for It's obvious neglect. Before the state
takes to spanking other peoples chill
dren, 1t should at least examine what
may be done to set erring-and too
often absent-parents right in their
perspective as to what each home owes
to society.
Evening star., 1946-08-12
Obsolete
From the Winnipes Tribune.

From the Winnipes Tribune
Some manufacturers say the shortage
of material for pockets is holding up suit
manufacture. Maybe, after paying for
a suit We won't need the pockets.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1946-05-16


dates written history. 1t was en-
ployed by the ancients for fuel and
medicines.
LATER: Following the example of
American Indians, who found oil
floating on the surfaces Of springs,
early white settlers used it for such
things as curing rheumatism. The
first commercial production began
in Rumania in 1857. and in the
U. 8. in 1859
SOON: Far removed from the
forked stick divining rod searches
for oil as conducted in the 1905
is the remarkable new geophysical
system developed during World
War II. Until recently top secret,
according to Sherman Dryer, pro-
ducer director of the Exploring the
Unknown" series on MBS. the new
method employs seismographs
which record artificial earthquakes
caused by explosions of heavy
charges of TINT. indicating struc-
lures of rock layers where oil might
be found.