davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31

London, July 31 -(UP)- Anglo American experts have agreed that it will be possible to admit 100000 Jews into Palestine immediately, with immigration continuing there after, the House of Commons was told today.
 Herbert Morrison, acting govern ment leader in Commons, told the House that the experts following through on the Anglo-American commission recommendations had submitted a plan for the movement of 100000 immigrants into the Jew ish area of Palestine
 The plan can be put into effect "as soon as it Is decided to operate the scheme as whole" Morrison said.
 Morrison said the biggest obstacle to British efforts to pacify Pales- tine had heen the refusal of the Jewish population to corporate with the forces of law and order
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
|IPHTHERIA STRIKES US. TROOP SHIP
Possible to Admit 100000 h1mediately

Morrison defended British mili- tary orders prohibiting British troops from having any contact with Palestine Jews and said that the government is satisfied that the instructions given by the con- mander were justified in the pres ent disturbed state of the country" ;"
 Morrison said that Palestine Jews have resorted to passive re- sistance of the most determined kind" but that the government was determined to punish those re- sponsible for the King David Hotel bombing
 He said that 446 Jews whose record shows association with ter rorist organization" were arrested.
 "The curse of Hitler is not yet wholly removed he said. Some of his victims fleeing ravaged Eur ope have carried with them the germs Of those very plaques from which they sought protection ,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Party to Hold
 Columbia Rally

Columbia, July 31 = tUP1 = The first major Democratic state rally of the preconvention campaign will be held here Saturday at the home of Mrs. Fannie Dixon Weleh.
 Party leaders will be enter tained in Mrs. Welch's garden where they hope a State ticket for the Fall election will germ mate. ssf
 U. s. Senator Brien McMa- hon, the State party leader, will be principal speaker. It. Gov. Wilbert Snow, leading gubneratorial prospect who is on vacation in Maine. is ex- pected to return in time for the affair.
 It was not known former eco homie stabilizer Chester BoWles. another Maine vacationer who figures prominently in the State Democratic picture, will attend.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Supina Feels 

Hartford, July 3i-UP)-The Attorney General found today that proposed bill of Rep. Thomas Supina (D.-Ashford) to pay a s200 bonus to veterans of World War II failed to exclude the other 47 states.
 Supina proposed the state float a S75,000,000 bond issue for bonus to veterans of the second World War and asked Attorney General William L. Hadden. for an opinion whether it would be constitutional
 Hadden replied that he found an Astounding situation" in the recommendation inasmuch as the wording of Supina's bill did not limit the bonus payment to Connecticut veterans but actu- ally included some 13,000.000 ser Vicelnen throughout the coun- try.
 At the rate of s200 each, Con- necticut would have been sad dled with bond issue of S2,600- 100000 plus administrative eX- . penses according to Hadden.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Federal Check
 TrQueIs Around

Hartford. July 3l-Connectl- cut unemployed got their August compensation cash from Washington by way of Denver. Colo, State Treasurer William T. Carroll explained today.
 When s400,000 for the com- pensation fund tailed to arrive from Washington, Treasurer Carroll had that amount trans ferred from other sources so beneficiaries would receive their checks on time.
 Then he started an investiga- ton. Yesterday he got his an- sWer from Denver. Deputy State Treasurer Jacob Wilson of Colorado informed the Con- necticut treasurer that a s400,- 900 check addressed to The Treasurer of the State of Col orado, Hartford, Conn, had been delivered to his office.
 A day-dreaming typist was credited with the error by Treasury Department officials in Washington.
 Denver has re-routed the s40O,OOO to Connecticut.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Another story on Coffee inquiry
 on Page

Olson said Anderson threatened to publicize s2,500 check he had given Olson in 1941.
 Anderson had told the committee that the check was for services of Coffee and Olson in aiding him to get sl,000,000 contract for Fort Lewis. Wash. hospital
 Contend Given for Campaign
 Coffee and Olson contend the check was campaign contribution and had no connection with their aid to Anderson on the contract
 Olson told the Senate War In- vestigating Committee that Ander- son had injected the check into the mayoralty campaign in order to ruin Olson'S chances.
 Olson and Anderson both ran for mayor in the primary on Feb. 26, 1946. Olson and Anderson trailed in field of four. A week before the election on March 12, outgoing Mayor Harry P. Cain issued a state ment on the check episode based on an affidavit furnished him by Ander son. Olson lost the final election. .. Called to Home
 Olson told the committee that An- derson called him to his home last January to ask him for help from Coffee in getting General Ac- counting Office payment on a mil lion-dollar hospital contract.
 At this meeting at his home, ' Olson related, he asked me to with draw. He said if would not with draw, leaving him the only man with a Scandinavian name running in this preponderantly Scandina- vian community, then he would use the check in some fashion to injure me in the March election. He at- tempted to blackmail me into with drawing from the race"
 T said, Nothing doing, Eivind. There's nothing wrong with that check and you know 1t and I Know it. If you want to use it, go ahead. ,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Mortin, Pepin Lose Court Tilt

New LonCon, July 31.-(UP)-A decision of Superior Court Judge Ernest A. Inglis today held that neither Maxsim Pepin, Jr,, Re- publican. nor Thomas L. Martin. Democrat. were entitled to hold the office of New London county commissioner.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Scotch ArriUes

New York, July 31-(UP)-Twen- ty-five thousand cases of Scotch Whiskey-300,000 bottles = direct from Glasgow, Scotland, were un- loaded today from the freighter Eu- cadia, Liquor wholesalers said the cargo trebled the supply Of scotch whiskey in New York City.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Big Nations Must Not Force Small, Molotov Says
ConciIiotory Note Adopted By Minister
 First SIops Small
 Notions for Revolt
 On Votinq Rules

Paris. July g -UP)- Russian Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov today called for equal voice in the Paris peace conference for all 21 nations. although he charged that packers of a majority vote plan were trying to line up voting strength against Rus sia by trickery.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Anderson Attempted
 To BlackmaiI Olson

Washington, July 3l CUP1 = Paul A. Olson. former secretary to Rep. John M. Coffee. tD., Wash.1 i, charged today that Fiyind Anderson Tacoma war contractor who gave a S2,500 check to Coffee, attempted to blackmaiI him into withdrawing from the Tacoma mayoralty cam paign last Spring.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
Bulletin

Chicago, July 31-(UP)- A new U. s. record hog price was set at East St. Louis, Ill.,, today when a number of choice animals sold for S24.25 per hundredweight.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
STATE SOLDIER DIES

Frankfurt, July 3l-(UP)-Pfc. George F. Maloney, MiddletoWn, Conn, was injured fatally Saturday morning when he fell 30 feet from a barracks window to the courtyard below, U. s. Army officials an- nounced today.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31

This official catchet will be inn printed in red on all envelopes to make the first air mail flight from Waterbury to New Haven tomor- row as a part of the 10th anni- versary of Air Mail in New Eng land. ss
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31
WHY BE DIFFICULTY

Los Angeles, July 31-tUP)- Maxwell Lester Sarran, 32, petl, tioned Superior Court today to re- store his original Hindu name oi Cfandres- -Haker Rabindra Sarran. Singh.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-07-31

Another Story on Page ?
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
5O00 Rise Seen
In Shoe Output

NEW YORK. Jan. II i Con-
siderable expansion in the shoe
industry over the next few years
is expected. Some estimates Of
productive capacity run as high
as 60000O,000 pairs a year by the
end of l9i7.
- -ftt-rortrast, the average annual
production of civilian shoes and
house slippers in the prewar
years 1868 slightly exceeded
400 100000 pairs.
w. w Stephenson, executive
vice president of the National
Shoe Manufacturers Association,
says that if postwar national in
come is maintained at the eX-
pected level. il should be possible
for the American industry to
merchandise so per eent-u>ore
shoes than were produced before
the war.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Explain Violation

The violation" occurred when
the Woodwork Company in
vited five employees to set up
their own companies to subcon-
tract work. Woodwork sup
piled plant. equipment and
bookkeeping for an agreed price
and the five companies each
hired seven men. 1t was alleged
that by limiting employees TO
seven, the little companies were
designed specifically to eVade
the Wage Act provisions.
Here is what Calm says about
II in his dissenting opinion
II have concluded from the
facts that there Is no intent TO
violate, nor is there violation
Of the act ..
The findings Of the majority
contain many factual errors
and HHjustified '-inferenCes -.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Sales Drop
I'm Detroit

Despite relatively mild and ia
vorablc shopping weather, retail
business in the Detroit area last
week continued. as during the
previous week. below the level of
The same period of last year. In
some instances ttie percentage de-
clInes were even greater than in
the first week of the year, Dun q
BradStrect stated.
Representative q epartm @ n (
stores reported a sales drop from
l9i5, ranging up 10 20 per cent.
Similar results were noted m
speciality shops. AS in earlier
weeks. apparel made the best
showing with accessories and iurS
wen below last years totals.
Mems clothing stores continued
10 be handicapped by very small
inventories but furnishings did
good business. Some stores re-
ported record buying of ncckticS
during the holiday season and
carrying over into 1916.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
What 'sNew
In Business
Industry Members
Defend Firm s ACTS
By WARD SCHULTZ

In business as elsewhere there
are usually two sides TO every
story.
The other day the papers car
ried a news item to The effect
that the y. A. Woodwork Co.
had been penalized 10 The extent
Of a 100000 tax diSallowancc
for violations OF the wartime
Wage Sterilization Act.
In the violation panel Chair
man Kurt Anderson, represent
ING the public; and Daniel Cal
laCher, labor. ruled against the
company with Chester a. Calm.
industry, dissenting.
And on the enforcement board,
industry members John l.. Loyett
and Clifford {. Hale again dis
sented.
Interested in learning both
sides OF the story, l obtained
& copy of the majority and
minority findings. II Is difficult
10 understand how they could
listen 10 the same testimony and
yet finish so far apart in their
findings.
Anderson and Gallagher were
convinced that there was de-
liberate violation and without
"eXtenuating circumstances. -
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Market Opens
Active, Higher

NEW YORK. Jan. II QNS)-
Stocks opened active and higher
this morning with a number OF
pivotals squirting more than a
point on the possibility of break
in the strike clouds.
Steels were exceptionally strong
with Bethlehem climbing Ia on
its initial sale. Rails and motors
moved TO higher ground. Aviations
were active and better. Rail equip
ments gained sizable fractions.
Opening prices: Bethlehem Steel
10l2i up Ia; Jones & Laughlin
Steel AIS, up 1; Southern Pacific
6lia, up l; Lockheed Aircraft
43%. up /; General Motors 1875.
I'D |
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Graham Sells
Warren Mfg.

Graham Paige Motor Co. has
sold all of the outstanding and
authorized stock of its subsidiary
company. the Warren City Manu-
featuring Co. of Warren. O., to
Federal Machine and Welding Co.
of Warren. Joseph w. Frazer,
president and chairman of Graham,
announced.
Frazer said that Graham-Paige
is the sole owner of outstanding
capital stock and that holdings
had been disposed of at a price
equal TO the aggregate book value
of the stock as of Jan. %, 1916.
He pointed out that the decision
to sell was based on a desire to
house all Graham operations at
Willow Run and that the heavy
machinery of Warren City Manu-
featuring could not be used in
manufacture of either farm equip
ment or automobiles.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Identical Terms

Calm was also impressed
with the fact that, although
the majority panel made much
of the suitcase arrangement.
terms were approved by DPC
and the Army Air Corps: terms
were identical with outside sup
pliers 10 whom Woodwork
supplied machinery; and phrase
ology was identical with Wood
worth's own suitcase under
which il received DPC equip
ment from Packard.
He points out that although
the FIVE owners showed good
profits and their employees
earned more than when they
were working for Woodwork,
there was sharp upturn in
production and a substantial
saving in manpower.
Calm drew attention 10 the
fact that Woodwork was oper-
ating under a fixed fee contract
and did not receive any of the
usual benefits of Wage Stabili-
Zation violation
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Cites Good Record

In his summary, Calm drew
attention 10 Woodworth's excel
lent record in filing some 90
Wage Sterilization applications
since October. 1912. and also
suggested that the size Of tho
recommended penalty was out
OF line.
II is not my place 10 take
issue with the findings Of the
majority but certainly the
minority decision deserves some
space-even as is the case in
Supreme Court decisions -cspc-
ci5lly when there is such a varl-
ancc in the opinions expressed
II would seem that, al least
in the eyes of industry, Wood
worth was following accepted
business principles.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Sought Suppliers

"The company was confronted
by bottleneck and was unable
10 meet production schedules i'm
its screw machine department.
An effort was made To procure
outside suppliers but this was
futile and finally, after securing
the advice of one Of Detroit's
most reputable law firms, the
company offered five of its
most trusted employees the OPP
pOrtunity 10 start in business.
Calm went on to say that
prices were competitive with
outside sources: all employees
Of the new small firms lost all
seniority rights when they
switched over from Wood
worth; and the owners" had
the power TO hire and fire
He further points out that
there is no claim that the
charges made by Woodwork
for facilities provided were not
proper and fair"
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Hail Loading
Drop Forecast

+, WASHINGTON, Jan. 14--RaiI-
road freight car loading OF 80
prime pal commodities are ex-
pected 10 be per cent lower
in the first quarter of the year
than in the same l945 quarter, ac-
cording TO estimates by the l3
shippers advisory boards. Load
ings are placed at 6.417,622 cars
versus actual loadings Of 6,687 ,839
cars in the 1945 quarter.
Five of the boards predict
larger carloadings in the l94r
quarter compared with the 19r
period. and eight look for de-
creases.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Paper Output
Gains Sharply

NEW YORK. Jan. IA - The
ratio of u. s.. paper production
10 mill capacity for the week
ended Jan. 5. 1916, as reported
by the American Paper and Pulp
Association, was S9.1 per cent
compared Mith-6n-s- percent fer
the preceding week and -Sl-per
cent for the corresponding week
a year ago.
Paperboard production was IS
per cent for 'he current week,
compared with 81 per cent for
the preceding week and 80 per
cent for the corresponding week
a year ago.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Martin Parry Elects
f. F. Fisher 10 Post

E. F. Fisher has been elected
chairman of the executive com-
mittee of Martin Parry Corp,
T. Russ Hill, president, announced
today. Fisher succeeds w. K.
Keyworth. resigned. Fisher has
been on the Martin Parry board
since his retirement from the gen.
eral managership of Fisher Body.
He is also chairman of the board
of directors of Martin Parry's
subsidiary, ReXdir. Inc.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
-NASD TO Elect

NEW YORK. Jan. 1.-the an
nusl organization meeting of the
National Association of Securities
Dealers. Inc, will be held at Hot
Springs, Va. today and tomorrow
when the board of governors will
elect a successor TO the retiring
chairman, Ralph f. Phillips, Los
Angeles. and other officers tc
serve in 1916.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Tax Attorney Will
Address Controllers

George L. Cassidy, practicing
attorney specializing in federal
tax cases. will speak on Changes
in-the 1915 Tax Laws Affecting
individuals and Corporations" at
the regular monthly meeting of
the Detroit Controllers Group.
The meeting IS scheduled for
next Wednesday at $50 p. m. in
HuVlcr'S restaurant
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Holders Ola
Stock Split

Stockholders of the Detro I
Harvester Co. have voted a two
for-onc spht-up in the common
stock, increasing the number of
outstanding shares to 298,231. They
also approved an increase in the
authorized common stock to 500,-
600 shares, with an additional
1O1 ,769 shares scheduled to be
issued TO increase the. outstanding
total to 100000 shares.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Les Altman Speaker
AT Management Meet

Les Altman, vice president Of
Fruehauf Trailer Co, will speak
to the members of National Office
NJ anaGe ment Association on
What Makes Business Go-and
Grow" at their meeting to be held
at the Wardell Sheraton Hotel on
Tuesday.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Revise Timken Axle
Sales, Profit Figures

Tmken-Detroit Axle Co. re-
ports that renegotiation of war
contracts for the fiscal year ended
June 30. 1914, resulted in a de-
crease in net sales TO S157, 1S0. .2Ii
from S15907374l and a decline
in net profit TO Si.377 ,962, equal
TO S4.iJ a share on the outStand-
ing 99l. .975 shares OF capital
stock, from S4,9OS,141 or S4.95 a
share as originally reported.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14

w &C kCr a [
Covenant Luth-
eran Church.
= o Frcn TO AT
B ucna Vista.
u &c w @ bcr
died Dec. 21.
/ 94i. IN the
Battle OF the
Bulge He was
graduated from
{ oolcy High
School and was
G m plo yed at
1 N @ ChTVSlcF-
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Freight LOadings
Gain i'm Canada

OTTAWA. Jan. 14--Carloadings
of Canadian railroads during the
week ended Jan. 5 totaled so, 700,
compared with 42,322 in the pre-
vious week and 50,243 for the like
week last year, according to the
Dominion bureau of statistics.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Underwriters 10 Hear
Seattle Life Executive

Hugh s. Bell. C,L.U.. general
agent at Seattle for Equitable
Life of Iowa. will address the
monthly luncheon meeting of the
Detroit Life Underwriters AsSo-
citation on Tuesday, Jan. %. at
the Book-Cadillac Hotel. His sub
iect will be The Rainbow of
Success
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Burdick Named

+ Burdick has been appointed
commercial agent ln Detroit Of
the New York, Ontario d Western
Railway, with headquarters al
5-1l6 General Motors Building.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Joins EIdean

David O'Connor, formerly Of
Chicago where he was actiyeN in
public relations work for the last
10 years, has joined the Detroit
Office Of the Fred Eldean Or
ganiZstion.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
ALBERT VAN DAMME, 81. al

10 a. m. Wednesday in ST. Charles
Church. Baldwin and ST. Paul.
Burial Mt. Olivet Mr.. Van
Dammc of 1864 Seyburn, died
Saturday of "A heart attack. A
member of the fire department
since 1919, he was promoted to
chief fire alarm operator in
March. 1913. A sister, Mrs Marie
Gregory. survives.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
MRS. JULIA WEBER NUN

GER at Ii a. m. tomorrow in the
William r. Hamilton Co. Chapel.
1875 CasS. Burial: Woodlawn.
Mrs. Munger, a lifelong resident
of Detroit. died Thursday in
Pompano, Fla. She was member
of the Women's City Club and
the Colony Club. Survivors: hus-
band, Frank; son. Maj. Frank
Weber Munger; brother, Herbert
Weber; sister, Mrs. Aline Wright.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14

TODAY'S BEST PICTURES
TO-DAY! The Detroit Times
gives you superb Photographic
coverage OF events.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
WILLIAM NIEMANN. "A. o

1889 Frazho road, Roseville, at
l:30 p. m. tomorrow at William
u. Clyne Funeral Home, East
Detroit, and at 2 p. m. at st.
Marks Lutheran church. Rose
vile. Burial: Forestlawn. Mr..
Niemann was justice of the peace
OF Erin township 16 years. Sur
vivorS: daughter, Mrs. Herbert
Briebe, of Detroit: sons. w tier.
Albert, and Arthur OF Rose lie;
sister, Mrs. Henry Leve. 2nz,
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
SISTER MARY OF ST. NAT

ALE at 9 a. m. tomorrow in the
convent chapel of Vista Maria
School on West Warren. Sister
Mary. who died Saturday, was
born in Detroit 50 years ago. She
entered convent in st. Louis
1883 and. after being stationed
in Chicago a short time, spent
10 years in Detroit.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Wdrners S
Rites Tomorrow
Obituaries
Funeral services Weys re-
ported TO the TineS for!

poTted TO the iHieA FoFs
MRS. MARTHA II. WARNER
at > p. m. tomorrow In the Bell
Funeral Home $40 Z. Maple,
Birmingham. Mrs. Warner, 46,
died Saturday in ST. Joseph's
Mercy Ho>pital, Pontiac She is
survived by her husband, Albert
G.. L. Warner, Detroit passenger
agent for the Grand Trunk
her father, Patrick j.
Schaump, two children, Shirley
and Robert. and a sister, Mrs.
Gertrude Mullin.
Memorial services for Pfc. DON
old Weber 20. of SAIL Westwood
VIII be conducted at 1920 a. m.
next Sunday by the Rev. III. X.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
wILBERT c. KINSMAN, 2S. of

1854 Churchill, military services
at l p. m. Wednesday in the
Harper and Mulligan Funeral
Home, 1880 Hamilton. Burial:
Grand Lawn. Mr.. Kinsman died
Saturday. He was a veteran of
World War IL. Survivors: father,
Albert; broth er, Ensign Glen
Robert, overseas; sisters, Mrs.
Faye Warrington, Mrs. Vera Mac
Donald.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14

Plymouth plant before entering
in March, 1913. Survivors
include his parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
G George W. ber, and a sister.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
Detroit Stocks

F FsdI, coi5 g9''g 20 1s,. 1sS. ~ So.
Divffcufy m foregoing table are amounts
paid m 1855 unless desirnsted by astsrisk
in which case dividend was paid or payable
90 l04G and constitutes the total paid thus
lar tLLr NrAr-
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
WILLIAM j. sWARTZ. 81, of

308 ". Buena Vista, Highland
Park, at p. m. tomorrow in the
Harper and Mulligan Funeral
Home, 1880 Hamilton. Burial:
Woodlawn. Mr.. SwartZ retired
from the Highland Park police
department last September. Sur
vivors: wife, Ida; son, Frederick;
daughter, Mrs. Florence RAIDER;
sisters, Mrs. Louise Moreau and
Mrs. Florence Decker of Chicago;
two grandchildren
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
DETROIT IN &tTfMES

Published every Week Day Evening and
Sunday Morning BY The Times Publishing
COMPANY az l225 Times Square. Detroit 81,
hichrau
Entered at Detroit, Mich. as Second cla"
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
THE REV. AARON MITCHELL.

So. of 1902 La Sale at 2 p. m.
tomorrow in Port Austin. Burial:
Port Austin. The Rev. Mr. Mitchell
came TO Michigan from England
in 1911. Five years ago. he re-
tired from the Methodist ministry
in Port Austin and came 10 De-
troit. Survivors: wife, Clara; son,
Allan; brothers, Fred. Jack and
George, all of England.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
MRS. MARY ELLEN DoNo-

VAN at $50 a. m. tomorrow in
St-AlnySegs- -GhHFeh-Mrs. Dono-
van 60 died yesterday after
short illness. Survivors daughter,
Mrs. Walter p. Baier; son, Percy
J. seven grandchildren.
Detroit evening times., 1946-01-14
ELI z. REISNER JR., 26,

$500 Marie, Dearborn, today in
ST. Bernadette Mission, Salina and
Lowery, Dearborn. Burial: Holy
Cross. He died Friday in the vet
eran's hospital, Dearborn, after
several months illness. He was
discharged from the navy Oct. 9
after seven years service. Sur
vivorS: father. Eli p. ReiSner Sr.
of Ohio, mother, Mrs Anna Terek.
and stCpfatteT, Peter Terek of
Aeat.bt,fn