davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-02-28

ton Of another Republican Senator
from that State. Anyway, the President
said that he could not afford to take
Mr.. OMahoney out of the Senate or
words to that effect.
1t has been reported that Democratic
National Chairman Hannegan was anx-
ious to appease the friends of Mr.. Icloes
in the appointment of a new Interior
Secretary. How far Mr.. Krug fits in
with any such plan remains to be SEEN
1t is quite evident, however, that the
New Dealers would not have regarded
an OMahoney appointment as down
their alley. They remembered his fight
against the Roosevelt Supreme Court
packing bill, and some of them may not
have liked his more recent opposition
to the Missouri Valley Authority project
another IVA, and the kind of thing
the late President Roosevelt favored.
The question is being asked now
what does Mr. Krug bring to the Tru-
man administration and the Democratic
party in the way of political strength?
AS Of today, it seems that he does not
bring anything. He has no political
following that Is evident to the naked
eye. But If he turns out to be an effec-
tive and efficient Interior Secretary, he
may prove a real political asset-and an
asset where one is needed-in the West,
which has been moving back to the Re-
publican fold. It's up to Mr.. Krug to
prove that Mr.. Truman's choice was a
wise one.
Mr.. Truman has now revamped the
Roosevelt cabinet almost entirely, the
only exceptions being Secretary of the
Navy Forrestal and Secretary of Com
merce Wallace. How long Mr. Forres-
tai will remain in the cabinet is an
open question, although in statement
before the Senate Naval Affairs Com
mittee in regard to the Pauley ap-
pointment Mr. Forrestal rather indi-
Gated he might get out in six months
time If good successor could be found.
If Mr.. Truman had any idea of put
ting Mr.. Pauley in Mr.. Forrestals place,
however it must now have vanished.
He is going to have terrible time get
ting Mr.. Pauley's appointment to be
Undersecretary of the Navy confirmed
by the Senate-indeed, the odds are Mr.
Pauley will not be confirmed at ALL
Mr.. Wallace seemingly has no pres
ent intention of moving out of his cab
met job. Indeed, he has said he ex-
poets Mr.. Truman to be a candidate
for President in 1948 and intimated
that he would support Mm. This, how
ever, is calculated to give old Roosevelt
New Dealers heartache-es especially the
Sidney Hillman CIO cult.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
The COLONEL World

while Ine war was SILL on more
than few observers, including
Wendell Willkie, noted a ferment in
the colonial world-particularly in
the Far Pacific and Ashland made
much of the point that the peoples
OF that world were ION the march"
and would expect a reordering of
things when peace came. If there
were ever any doubt of this, there
can be none now, for the news of
the day is proof of it, and it is news
that adds up to an international
problem whose complexity and
magnitude can scarcely be exag-
gerated.
The ferment, which in the past
few weeks has expressed itself in
physical violence of varying degrees,
is not confined to any one area. It
exists in Egypt, in Palestine, in the
Levant, in Indonesia, in the Celebes,
in Indo-China, in Malaga, in India
and elsewhere, and although the
British are mainly affected by it, it
involves others as we'll, notably the
French and the Dutch. Further, al
though radical and Communist
agitators are mixed up in it in some
places, all reports are agreed that
such elements are of relatively minor
Importance and that the trouble
springs mainly from deep-rooted
mass discontents with things as they
have been and from a widespread
and not Unconditional desire to
achieve a new measure of inde-
pendence.
There is nothing simple, however,
about the problem of ending those
discontents or satisfying the desire.
It is often suggested that the United
States, in the procedure it has fol-
lowed in arranging for the inde-
pendence of the Philippines, has
shown just how the situation can be
handled, but this oversimplifies the
picture. The Philippines formula
sound one, assuming that the
Filipinos are not going to be cut
economically adrift-fits the needs
of a particular territory and a partic-
ular group of people, but it is not
tailored to cover every given colonial
condition and is at best merely
suggestive model.
In India, for example, the British
would have no success If they tried
to apply there the plan we have ap-.
piled in the Philippines. They have
already offered dominion status and
even complete freedom, but the
Indians themselves are bitterly
divided over the course to be fol-
lowed, with the Hindus-who fear
misunderstanding one thing, and
the MoSlems-who fear the Hindus-
wanting another, and factions
within factions wanting something
else again. Accordingly, wholly
apart from its proper anxiety over
its own economic and strategic in
terests, Britain here faces gravely
complex situation which does not
Evening star., 1946-02-28
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

President Truman has picked new
Secretary of Interior to suit himself
And If estimates of j. A. (Cap) Krug of
Wisconsin are correct, he has picked a
good one.
1t may be that Mr.. Krug has not the
intimate knowledge of all the problems
of the great public lands States of the
West-but apparently he is an excellent
executive and that is no mistake in
any Presidents cabinet. And as a man
of Judgment and common sense, he
should be able to learn about the prob
lens of the west, including public lands,
mining, forestry, cattle and grazing, ir-
rigation and reclamation. He already
knows good bit about the power ques-
ton. having been connected with iva,
and later having played an important
role in organizing the utility industries
for war. His greatest claim to fame.
however, came when he did an excellent
job as chairman of the War Production
Board-succeeding Donald Nelson.
Mr.. Truman had plenty of advice as
to whom he should appoint Interior Sec
retary after Harold L. Ickes, hatchet
man of the Roosevelt administration
and New Dealer par excellence, resigned
in a bitter row with the Chief Execu-
tive over the latter's selection of Edwin
w. Pauley to be Undersecretary Of the
Navy He was told he must appease
the ardent New Dealers and left wingers
in the Roosevelt party-persons who
would be likely to side with Mr.. Ickes
against Mr.. Truman. He was told, on
the other hand, by Western Democrats
he must take man from the wide open
spaces Of the great West
~
The President, however, made his own
choice. 1t remains to be seen whether
the Presidents own advice to himself
was not as good as that of either Rob-
ert E. Hannegan, chairman Of the DEM
ocratic National Committee and Post.
master General, or of the Western Sem
ators who had been his cronies when he,
too, sat in the Senate chamber.
The most popular selection of sena-
torial Democrats and of Westerners out
side the Senate, Republicans and Demo-
Gratis alike. for the post of Interior Sec
retary was Senator O'Mahoney of Wyo-
ming No one doubts that Mr.. OMa-
honey would have made an excellent
member of the cabinet. The President
may well have been torn between a de-
desire to see him remain in the Senate,
where he is one of the Democratic
strong men. He is up for reelection
this year, and it has been urged that
only Mr.. OMahoney could be expected
to stand against the Republican trend
in Wyoming and so prevent the elec-
Evening star., 1946-02-28
Cathedral Concert

The note-carued tugue scars aYchino
through the aisle
AboDe the prayertul phisper OF the
rain;
Tone mating tone tn polyphonic style
Builds cosnaic architecture In he
brain
Austere stone-music flls the cue NTH
themes,
Repealed arch IN arch and pier on
pier;
And carnations made BY nauted olenm,
OF ,Dinter lightning glow ana disap-
pear.
Eye-themes and ear-themes interuenpe
and blend
In counterpart OF sensuous haru,ony
In strong crescendo near the uusic',
end
The thunder rolls below the n,elody
AS though cued In by a CONDUCTOR
nod
Each strengthened by the tympanni q,
God. BURKE JOHNSTON.
Evening star., 1946-02-28

The Chinese military agreement is
good news. In fact, 1t is the best news
that has come out of China since VI
day. 1t goes to the very root of the
fears that have kept China divided 1t
presents a practical solution of the
problem which has wrecked all pre-
vious attempts to bring about Chinese
unity since the Communists first rose
to strong position in the country.
That problem may be very simply
stated: There could be no real Chinese
unity unless the Communists came in
The Communists were willing to come
In, but they wanted guarantees. The
only guarantee they had was their army.
They did not seem to think that politi-
cal guarantees were worth as much as
their own armed strength.
On top of this was another and more
general military problem. Altogether,
at this time, there are about 100000
soldiers under arms in China. OF these,
something over 1000, 900 are in the Com
munist armies; the rest are nominally
government troops, though in fact q
good many of them, as practical mat
ter, owe actual allegiance to local po-
tentates and war-lords who have more
or less tenuous association with the
central government. This vast military
force is altogether out of balance with
China's military needs or with the ex-
pected revenues of a country in which
industrial and agricultural recovery is
the primary need. From the political
point of view, unity of the army is
an essential to unity Of government:
from the economic point of view, it is
essential to get millions of these men
of the government payroll and back
to useful production; from the military
point Of view, the concentration Of the
available equipment in much smaller
number of u well-trained units Is the
obvious road toward military efficiency.
Under the wise and firm guidance
Of Gen. Marshall, the leaders of the
National and the Communist armies
appear to have worked out formula
to meet all these needs, and at the
same time to meet, at least in part, the
Communist anxieties about the imme-
date. future.
During the next IL months, the exist
Evening star., 1946-02-28
French-Sponish Tension

The French governments order
closing It's frontier with Spain,
promptly followed by similar order
by the Spanish Franco government
on It's side Of the border. brings to
head the controversy between the
two countries that had been sim
mering ever since the liberation of
France from the Axis brought into
power regime largely composed of
political elements bitterly hostile to
Franco and all he represents.
Those elements, including both
communists and Socialists, have
greatly increased in political power;
and, though divided on many do
>mestic matters, they are united in
their aversion to Franco and their
determination to do something ef-
fective to unseat him.
however, France is in no position
TO do this singlehanded, while
Britain and the United States are
not in favor of direct intervention
which would probably relight the
flres OF civil war in Spain and would
likewise tend to precipitate latent
explosions in other parts of Europe
between Left and Right factions. It
mas been stated unofficially how
ever, that this Government is willing
to join France and Britain in calling
upon Franco to step down.
This fear of civil war is the main
reason why French suggestions for
Joint pressure on Franco exerted by
all three western powers have not
yet been acted upon. The French
Foreign Office, headed by the con-
servative Georges Bidault, realized
this situation and urged patience
on his government. However, his
hand has been forced by Communist
Socialist determination, exasperated
by the execution of several Spanish
Republican leaders caught by the
Franco authorities. These agents
had been Smuggled into Spain from
France and were conducting anti
Franco activities, seemingly of a
revolutionary character. Franco
ignored a French official protest
at their condemnation and the
sentences were carried out.
Although no official reaction has
yet come from Washington On
Frances unilateral action, spokes-
man of the British Foreign Office
has voiced frank disapproval, say
ing that the net result may be to
strengthen Franco by letting him
pose as heroic defender of Spanish
national dignity and sovereignty
against foreign interference. That
seems to be just what Franco is try
ing to do by striking strong patri-
otic note. Meanwhile, the mood of
the average Spaniard appears to be
dread of another civil war, coupled
with inability to agree on an alter
native for the Franco regime. The
disagreement extends even to the
Spanish Republican exiles, who are
still unable to form a provisional
government-in-exile representing all
parties.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Secretary Of State Byrnes' statement
on Tuesday that he was unaware Of any
agreement at Yalta or Potsdam under
which Russia was entitled to strip Man.
churia Of all the machine tools in the
japanese factories raises the question OF
whether some other secret agreement
similar to that regarding the Kurile
Islands may have been made In the past.
1t Is known that German reparations
were discussed fully at the Yalta meet
ing. Final agreements were reached at
Potsdam. So far as Is ofiicially known,
nothing was done about Japanese repara-
tions because, when the last two meet
tngs Of the Big Three occurred Japan
had not yet surrendered and Russia had
not become a co-belligerent In the Far
East.
Some vague and inconclusive discus
sions are said to have taken place during
the Yalta meeting when Premier Stain
indicated that Russian forces would
join the other Allies in the Far East
within 80 days after the collapse of the
Nazis.
President Truman appointed Edwin
Pauley to represent the United States
at the discussions on distribution of
reparatious exacted from Germany. He
went to Moscow with the personal rank
OF ambassador and attended the talks
which brought about the present agree
ment regarding the Reich.
President Truman apparently was un-
der the impression that the powers
which participated in the defeat of
Japan would, as in the case of Ger
many, share equally in the division of
the Japanese spoils.
~
After his return from Moscow, Mr..
Pauley went to Tokyo, where he found
only vestiges Of the once hourishing
Japanese factories. He learned. how
ever, that the major portion of the
Japanese industry had been moved to
Manchuria, where it was 80 per cent
intact. Since Manchuria at that time
was entirely under Russian control he
asked permission from the Red Army
authorities to visit the area to establish
what share of the industry should be
allocated to the United States and
China.
He waited for an entry permit for
some time. In the end he realized that,
although he was high-ranking Ameri-
Evening star., 1946-02-28
Dominion Aid

From the London Daily Telesraph and Morn,nr
Post.
A bright spot in the prevailing gloom
over food supplies is provided by the i'm
mediate response in the Dominions To
Great Britain's present difficulties Both
Canada and Australia have without delav
energetically put in hand arrangements
for providing relief. All that they are
In position to do will obviously NOT
solve the problem, but it will help: and
the spirit behind their efforts will
hearten this country in facing new re-
strictions and in making the necessary
effort to improve the situation. Just as
in the war, both when it began and when
1t almost seemed to be lost, the Domin-
ions stood by us, so they stand by us
now when its aftermath presents new
difficulties and demands new sacrifices
Evening star., 1946-02-28

range and speed will almost Ger
tainly be able to carry it to faraway
targets. The thing speaks for itself.
Military science is moving to point
where war becomes literally unen-
durable and the maintenance of
peace an act Of self-preservation for
all nations.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
Letters to The Star
Sees Prosperity Stake in Loan
To Great Britain
To the Editor Of Tn. star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
In the discussion concerning the
credit to Britain too little attention
has been paid to the American stake In
the loan. This becomes clearer when
the economic and political consequences
OF its rejection are considered.
Such action by Congress would lead
directly to the creation OF closed trad
ing bloc based on sterling as well as to
new restrictions on trade. It also would
diminish the prosperity and purchasing
power Of our principal markets in the
rest OF the British commonwealth, in
Europe and in South America which
depend to considerable extent on their
exports to the British Isles Conse-
quently, 1t would have very serious af-
fects upon our foreign trade and hence
upon our prosperity and employment.
These losses would not be lightened by
the world financial instability resulting
from the breakdown of the Breton
Woods machinery.
The economic repercussions, moreover,
would not be confined to foreign trade
and It's domestic consequences. Private
enterprise depends directly on pros
perity, as experience has shown. II we
sap prosperity across the Atlantic by re-
jecting this loan. we shall prejudice the
future Of private enterprise In a great
part Of the Western World. That would
not be auspicious for the future of our
American system at home.
The consequences for our national
security might prove even more dis
astrous. As this war has shown, our
security is intimately connected with
that Of the British Commonwealth,
South America and Atlantic Europe as
well as with our relations with these
areas BY undermining the prosperity,
strength and economic health of these
areas as well as our relations with them
we would undermine both our national
security and our prospects of achieving
international security through the
United Nations.
LIVINGSTON HARTLEY.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
The Vundenberq Report

Those Americans who have been
deeply disturbed by the trend of
world events-and that includes
most of us-will find much that is
heartening in the candid report
which Senator Vandenberg has
made to his colleagues in the
Senate.
Just recently returned from the
initial United Nations meeting in
London, the Michigan Senator, with
out seeking to minimize the dis
quleting aspects Of the international
picture, voices a persuasive warn
ing against the extreme peSsimism
which would write off the UNO as
proven failure on the basis of its
hrst meeting. Senator Vandenberg
says that he returns to this country,
first, with an Overriding convic-
ton" that the worlds only hope of
organized peace and security "is in
severably linked with the evolution
and the destiny of this United Ma
tions enterprise" and, second, he
returns in the belief that the United
Nations can succeed in it's mission
unless Russia, Britain and the
United States, individually or collec-
lively, make it impossible"
He believes firmly that real
though largely unappreciated -
progress was made at London, and
he warns against the counsel, how
ever well intended, of those who say
that the UNO should be abandoned
now in favor of a stronger interna-
tional organization. He insists, in
the first place, that the UNO has
done better than the doubters think.
and, secondly, he rightly says that
we must learn "to live with what we
have"-that our challenge is to
make the United Nations work.
Turning to the question of the un-
easy relationship between the West
ern world and Russia, Senator VAN
denberg comedies that it would be
entirely futile to blink the fact that
within the framework of the UNO
two great, rival ideologies- es-democ-
racy In the West and communism in
the East-find themselves face to
face with the desperate need for mu-
tual understanding in finding COM
mon ground upon which to strive
for peace for both" And, he added,
in the final analysis this means that
1t is the United States and Russia
which must find the common
ground. On the basis of this as
sumption, he proceeded to give this
advice:
II assert my own belief that we
can live together in reasonable har-
mony If the United States speaks as
plainly on all occasions as Russia
does; If the United States just as
vigorously sustains its own purposes
and its ideals upon all occasions as
Russia does; if we abandon the
miserable fiction, often encouraged
by our own fellow travellers, that
we somehow jeopardize the peace if
our candor is as firm as Russia's al
ways Is; and if we assume a moral
leadership which we have too fire.
quently allowed to lapse. The situa-
tion calls for patience and good
will, but not for vacillation."
This is sound counsel. It should
serve to restrain those who seem
to want to 60 to war with Russia
without further ado. And it should
prod those who seem afraid to ac-
knowledge facts when they see them
lest they somehow give offense to
the Soviets. If the problem of keep
ing the peace is to be worked out,
this is the spirit in which it must
be done.
Evening star., 1946-02-28

Much alarm is expressed in Ger
tain circles that when automobiles
start rolling off the assembly lines
there will still be a serious bottle
neck-a shortage of fox tails to
make them complete.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
Protests Disgrace in Washinaton

IIoteSlS disgrace IN WaShIn6ton
To the Editor of The Star:
I am a veteran of World War T. sick
IN bed for quite some time, and ! am
disguised with the way things are going
on in Washington, D. c.
1t Is shame that Edwin w, Paulev.
named as Undersecretary of the Navy,
will not withdraw his name as Stewart
OF Tennessee and others have asked
him to do.
I think it is about time if the Demo-
Gratis want to win in 1946-48, that they
start cleaning out all bureaucrats and
get things rolling again. If Mr. Roose-
velt had asked for bill that would have
frozen everything that was used in the
war, we would never have had all this
labor trouble at this time. What is
the use of making $40 a day and pay
ing $9.75 to live on? Look at the way
they are treating our veterans of World
War II, who have gone through hard
ships and lain for days in wet clothes
and mud and rain. I think it is a dis
grace the way things are being handled
IN Washington FRANK MURPHY.
Evening star., 1946-02-28
Quotes Two Sases

To the Editor of The Star:
Ordinarily the atomic bomb secret
leaves me as cool as the proverbial Gu
cumber. Both Ben Franklin and Oil.
yer Wendell Holmes, however, have
somewhat upset my customary COM
placency. Says Franklin: "Three NAV
Keep secret. If two of them are dead"
whereas Holmes declares: ITO keen vo,,r
secret Is wisdom, but to expect others
to keep it is folly"
LOUIS r DIT GEP
Evening star., 1946-02-28

HdVoTS democracy IN Services
To the Editor Of The Star:
Hats of to the courageous general
who has submitted proposals to elm
mate the medieval caste system" from
our Army!
Gen. H. c. Holdridge's proposals also
should apply to the Navy, Coast Guard
and Marine Corps.
It should be clear to our leaders that
In this advanced age Of the atomic bomb,
jet-propelled planes and rockets our
armed services also must advance If
they are to survive.
The proposals Of Gen. Holdridge
along with q merger Of all our armed
services into one unit, would give this
Nation the armed force that 1t needs
without resorting to compulsory mill
tary training in time of peace. It is my
opinion that the applicants would be so
numerous as to require quota system
under this plan.
A democratic nation deserves and will
demand democratic army and navy.
VETERAN.