davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-05
This Changing World
By Constantine Bromn

The 45 000-ton battleship Missouri has
been assigned to carry to Istanbul the
body of Turkish Ambassador Mehmet
Ertegun, who died in Washington in
November, 1914. Because Of war condi-
tions, the Ambassador was temporarily
buried here.
The Missouri will be accompanied by
several small fleet units, such as cruisers
and destroyers, and after leaving Istan-
bul it is due to make courtesy calls at
some OF the Mediterranean ports such as
Izmir, Piraeus, Naples, Algiers and
Gibraltar, provided, however that un-
expected diplomatic difficulties do not
make the trip inadvisable.
Although in some foreign quarters the
dispatch of naval detachment headed
by one OF the most powerful battleships
in the world may be regarded as a mild
American flag waving demonstration,
the sending of the body of a foreign
ambassador to his homeland is only
courtesy adopted by all civilized ma
tions.
When our Ambassador to Great Brit
ain, Whitelaw Reid, died in 1912, Brit
ish cruiser returned his body to the
United States. A similar action was
taken by the American Government in
March, 1889, after Hirosi Saito, japanese
envoy to this country, died in Washing
ton. The cruiser Astoria-which was
later sunk by the Japs in the Savo
Island battle-conveyed Saito's body to
Tokyo. Although our relations with
Japan were already strained, there was
no thought in the State Department
to do otherwise than extend this cour-
tesy to the Japanese
=
Thus, from the point of view of in
ternational protocol, the transfer of the
body of the Turkish Ambassador to his
own country aboard an American battle
ship escorted by auxiliaries is nothing
more than a token of respect for the
representative of nation with which
we are on friendly relations.
The reason we will not send a more
imposing force to Istanbul is that there
Is anchorage near the famous Leander
Tower for only one large vessel of the
size of the Missouri
The State Department is said to be
somewhat concerned over the trip, be-
Evening star., 1946-03-05
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Since the Republican membership of
the House of Representatives hit its
low figure in the elections of 1860
mere 80 out of a total House member
ship of 435 the Republicans have
made consistent gains in the House in
nonpresidential years. This year they
hope to reach their objective-the cleo
tion of Republican majority 1t is
entirely possible they may do so-but,
up to the present, by no means is
"cinch." Certain it is, however, they
appear to have far better chance this
year than they did in 1914, when the
war was on and the late President
Franklin D. Roosevelt was heading the
Democratic ticket.
Here is the way the record of the
House elections has run on the Re-
publican side of the fence: 1886, SO
Republican House members; 1886, 1859
Republican memebrs; 1910, 162 Repub-
lican members; 1912, 209 Republican
members; 1914, 100 Republican men,
bers. The Republicans, as the rec
ord shows, have consistently jumped
up a foot or two in the off years, but
have sunk back-though never to the
lowest point-in the presidential years.
There is no presidential election this
year-and no Franklin D. Roosevelt
to help keep a Democratic majority in
the House or in the Senate.
The first of the State primary cleo
tionS to nominate candidates for Con-
gress takes place April in Illinois.
Republicans and Democrats will make
their selections of Candidates. The rest
Of the States, except couple which
use the old convention method of nomi-
mating candidates for Congress, will
hold primaries from that time until
September. For example, among the
larger States Gin population) Indiana
and Ohio are to hold primaries May
and Pennsylvania on May 81. New York
and Massachusetts, because of the alb
sent soldier vote, advanced their pri-
mary elections in 1914, so that they
were held in August instead of Septem-
ber. Several other States took similar
action, and it remains to be seen what
dates they will pick this year.
The Republicans hold 191 seats in the
House today-they must have 2l8 after
the next elections if they are to have a
bare majority. This means adding 27
seats to the Republican list, by no
means impossible task. Indeed, there
are IS congressional districts which the
Republicans figure are battle grounds
on which they have chances of victory.
At present in 343 Northern, Western
and so-called border States" between
the North and the SOUTH the Repub-
licans have 191 House members, the
Democrats lat and two vacancies, and
two members belong to other parties.
Evening star., 1946-03-05
The Strategic Fraction
From the Christian Science Monitor.

from the Christian Science Monitor.
The war production of Germany was
brought to a grinding stop not by
bomb damage to the whole industrial
structure but by the effective destruc-
tlon of about per cent of it. The
key is found in the nature of that 3
per cent. The rest of the industrial
machine couldn't move without what
it made. Almost three-fourths of the
American manufacturing firms answer
Ing query by the trade journal, Mill
and Factory. report their labor rela-
tlons satisfactory. Not l per cent Of
American workers are reported out on
strike. The major portion of American
industry seems relatively free from the
bomb damage" of labor disputes. The
essence of the problem is obviously
more qualitative than quantitative.
Could strikes or lockouts involving but
3 per cent of American workers par.
alyze American industry as strategic
bombing did Germany's? Probably so,
If it made up critical combination.
And the country is too close for COM
fort to witnessing just such an exhibi-
ti0Y1
Evening star., 1946-03-05

cause anything might happen during
the time the detachment is In the Med
iterranean or Is at Istanbul
Although TurkiSh-RusSia relations
are static on the surface, some diplo-
matte and military observers fear an
outbreak on Turkeys Asiatic and Euro
pean frontiers. No warnings must be
expected to precede conflict in these
days. The Russian and Turkish forces
have already taken their stations and
the slightest spark might bring about
clash.
Some of the officials in our State De-
partment fear that the presence of a
special" American naval detachment in
the Mediterranean at such time might
involve us in an undesirable mixup
Despite such considerations it is felt
that the good will mission will have
favorable effect, particularly in the
Eastern Mediterranean areas.
Since the end of the war American
prestige has sunk to low level Most
of the people of Eastern and South
eastern Europe rarely ever hear the
real story of America. The reports they
receive indicate that our military and
industrial power is rapidly disintegrating
and they are told that this country has
lost interest altogether in the people
she has helped to liberate.
4 X
The reports from our broadcasting
stations and other information centers
are seldom heard by these people, and
those few who have radios are not per-
mitted to listen to any broadcasts ex-
cept those authorized by Moscow's pup
pets. The newspapers in the Balkans
and Eastern Europe still carry only
such editorials and dispatches as are
approved by the puppet rulers.
Moreover, the saying that seeing is
believing" applies to the people of the
Balkans and the Near East more than
to those in the West
Thus the appearance in the various
harbors in the Mediterranean-from
Gibraltar to Istanbul-of the powerful
and impressive American men o'war is
likely to give more lasting picture of
the strength of this country than thou
sands of written or spoken words could
give.
Evening star., 1946-03-05

Republican gains have to be figured in
the districts outside the solid South"
Much will depend on economic con-
ditions in the United States during the
next eight months. and the politicians
well understand that. If there is
failure to reconvert and produce in large
quantities, the Democratic administra-
ton is likely to be blamed. If there is
either depression or imitation, blame
also will fall on the Democrats. How
ever, If there is production and plenty
OF work and no serious depression or
imitation. the Democrats may yet be in
good case when election day rolls around
4
Republican problem No is to make
gains in the industrial States and dis
tricts. They have won back to the
party fold majority of the farmers
and rural populations-outside of the
South But they have been weak with
organized labor and with the Negro
Vote-both groups on which the Repub-
llcans could rely generally in pre-Roose-
velt days. The Democrats, outside of
the South, figure that the Republicans
nave done themselves no good by sup
porting the Case antistrike bill in the
House-that it will not endear labor to
the COP, even though some members
of the unions and their leaders NAV
have no great love for President Tru-
man. Further, they figure that organ
lied labor will recognize that Mr. Tru-
man really gave the unions a boost in
their attempts since the war, to obtain
higher basic wage rates.
So far as the Negro vote is concerned,
no one can tell until the elections are
held whether many of those voters,
who once were Republicans, but who
supported Franklin D. Roosevelt in huge
numbers, will return to the Republican
fold. The Negro voters looked upon Mr.
Roosevelt as their great friend - but
whether they will look upon Mr.. Tru-
man in any such light is another thing
Republicans and Democrats will clash
in Statewide election this year first
in North Dakota, where on June 25 an
election of a Senator for the unexpired
term of the late Senator Moses, Demo-
crat, is to be held. Bitter factional strife
in Republican ranks afene made it pos
Sible for Senator Moses to win in 1914
The same kind of strife, if continued,
might give the Democrats a chance this
time, too. Senator LANCER, Republican,
is up for reelection, also this year, but
he must be renominated in the June Is
primary, or run in September as an in
dependent. Former Senator Nye, who
will seek the Republican nomination for
the short-term election (Which will fill
Moses place., is expected to do his
utmost to knock LANCER out of Office
probably by supporting Representative
Lemke in the contest for the LANCER
seat.
Evening star., 1946-03-05
Responsibility of the People
By George Fielding Eliot

The tremendous responsibility which
the individual American citizen bears
for the future of the world is under
stood far better outside this country
than within it. Upon the decisions
which America makes, the future is
almost wholly dependent. BY decisions,
OF course, one must mean intelligent
and informed decisions which take into
account the price to be paid, and reflect
long view determination to see them
through.
The real basis of all our hopes lies in
this sort of determination and action
by the citizens of this country 1t is
they who determine policy. 1t is they
who tell Congress what to do and what
not to do. 1t is they who command the
respectful attention of political parties
at convention time: Unless they are in
different, or hopelessly divided, or hope
lesSly confused.
When they are united, or when any
great part of them becomes united and
articulate, they get what they want.
There was, for example, almost unani-
nous support throughout the country
for the charter of the United Nations
and not even Senator Wheeler had the
courage W CdSt d vote against 1t. On the
other hand, the Nationwide clamor
Bring the Boys Home!" caused the dis
integration of the United States Army
in total disregard of the real long-term
interests of the United States and of
the peace and security of the world. In
the one case, the citizen had thought the
matter through very carefully; they
knew what they wanted, and why they
wanted it, and they got it. In the other
case, they just reacted to emotion,
without too much thought; the result
was harmful, but nevertheless it was
obtained.
X
AS I remarked at the beginning
of this article, if Americans do not
quite yet realize how tremendously i'm
portant responsibility is now involved
merely in being an American citizen,
in the rest of the world that Importance
is well understood.
single example may serve to drive
home this point:
For some time, the Soviet government
Evening star., 1946-03-05
Words Before Sprino

No autumn beauty captiuates the cue
As intimationS March will soon fultfu.
Not euen beeches, golden on a hin.
Or lanes 1Dhere naples flame against
the sky.
Retreats ,Dhere jessanline is ,oapinq hioh
AboUe the creek and sho,Derinq the mill
With trumpet-blooms; or springs first
purple sQuiH,
Haze subtler po,oer to charm and satisfy.
For fancy altoays chose elusipe hints.
The first pale star comes up in fields
OF night,
The first brotDn bud unfolding on
tree,
The first shy touch OF loDers; ruddu tints
OF daWn, before the SUMS Pandora
light
Has fingered morning's bor OF nps.
tery.
LOUISE CRENsHAw RAY.
Evening star., 1946-03-05
One-Woy Bargaining

Collective bargaining is generally
considered as a two-way process in
which the employer and the repre-
sentatives of his employees sit down
at table and, in spirit of mutual
give and take, arrive at some salts
factory agreement. R. J. Thomas,
president of the United Automobile
Workers.. has recently stated the
matter somewhat differently
Commenting on General Motors
recent refusal to agree to the unions
arbitration proposal, Mr.. Thomas,
after disposing of the wage issue,
said: "On the other contract issues,
General Motors is trying to take
away from it's employees things they
already had under the old contract.
That is why they dare not face
arbitration, for they know they
would lose before any minded
arbiter. 1t is not in human nature
to expect that we should agree to
go backward instead of forward"
What Mr.. Thomas is saying here
Is that, in the So-called process of
give and take, the union actually
gives up nothing that it already has.
1t may abandon demands for some
things that it has never had, but a
concession once obtained is kept.
The giving" is done by the en-
ployer, who is expected, year after
year, to grant at least some of the
unions demands, and who may
expect to be accused of bargaining
In bad faith unless he does so. This
is not bargaining" in any true sense
OF the word, but it is an accurate
description of what takes place ID
most contract negotiations. Mr..
Thomas is nothing If not candid.
Evening star., 1946-03-05
Espionage in Canada

The King governments interim
report on Russian espionage activity
In Canada is specific enough to make
clear that Moscow's recent state
ment on this subject was something
less than accurate.
The Soviet statement placed en-
phasiS on two points: First, that the
Russian military attache at Ottawa
received" only insignificant secret
data" from certain Canadian "ac-
quaintances," and second, that the
Soviet Embassy "had no connection
whatsoever with the matter" the
attache being recalled just as soon
as the Soviet government heard of
what he was doing. In short, ac-
cording to the Moscow version, the
whole case was nothing but manu.
factured sensation designed to pro-
mote an officially inspired anti-Rus-
sian campaign in Canada so as to
divert attention from Britain's "fail-
ure" at the London meeting of the
United Nations.
On both points, however, Prime
Minister Kings Royal Investigating
Commission has a quite different
story to tell. It has found that the
Soviet attache was interested in no
fewer than seventeen categories of
information, including data on the
atomic bomb. electronic shells used
by the United States Navy, American
troop movements from Europe to
Asia and the whereabouts -curiously
of the Brazilian infantry division
which fought in Italy. Canadians
holding confidential government po-
Sitions worked under Russian direc-
ton. according to the commission,
and, although the interim report
does not measure the degree of sig
nificance involved. it declares that
the evidence indicates that many
agents were active and that "in-
trinsically important" secrets were
disclosed. AS for the culpability of
the Soviet Embassy, the report
charges nothing less than that "cer-
tain members" of it's staff worked
on this project under direct in
structions from Moscow"
Since the investigation is continu-
ing, final judgment must be reserved
until the commission itself an
nounces its conclusions. Meanwhile,
even though the findings-which up
to now reveal Russia in anything but
fiattering light-may lead to seri-
Gus tensions in relations between
Evening star., 1946-03-05
Country Depots

All over the land one finds them
little, dark colored buildings, humble
and unpretentious, serving their
purpose beside the railroad tracks.
Dark red or dark gray is a common
color. But they are always stained
on the outside with SCOT from the
smoke OF the engine. The windows
are griny and streaked, both on the
inside and out And inside in the
upper corner there are usually tan
giles Of dark cobwebs
In the Northern half of the Nation,
there is usually a big potbellied
cast iron stove for heat in the
winter and unless there were a few
ashes on the zinc mat beneath the
stove it would not seem natural
The floor is rough and stained with
the dirt of generations of boots. In
one corner is the ticket Office, and
the telegraph instrument usually
sets on shelf before the window,
making mysterious and intermittent
clackings as the dots and dashes
come over the wires.
There is not a rushing business
at the little village depots. The
morning train takes the jugs of milk
to the cities and in the later after
noon, old No. 81 brings back the
empty cans. 1t was a good day
when a lad was told, along in mid
afternoon, to hitch up the Morgan
mares and drive to the village for
the jugs. "The horses need some
exercise" father would say, "but
don't let them out too much" A
generation ago, before trucks came
into use, many farmer or his lad,
or both, liked to meet the afternoon
train. OF course, it was important
to get the milk cans, but 14-year-
old boy felt man among men as
he waited In the depot for the train
It was good to hear the men tall
Evening star., 1946-03-05

has been waging what both our own
Secretary of State and the British For
elgn Minister have referred to as "a
war of nerves" against Turkey. The
object OF this pressure is to enlarge the
territories of the Soviet Union at the
expense of Turkey, advancing Russian
power into the eastern end of the Medi-
terranean basin. 1t is not that the
Russians hate the Turks, it is just that
the Turks (and, of course, Persians)
stand in the way of realization of age
old Russian ambitions in the direction
of the Straits of the Dardanelles, the
Middle East and the Persian Gulf. So
we see all sorts of claims being put
forward about the historic homelands"
Of the Georgians, the Armenians, the
Azerbaijanis, the Kurds, and so on.
And among other matters, there sud-
denly pops up right here in the United
States a very vocal and active outfit
calling itself the American Committee
for Armenian Rights" which in the
name of Suffering Armenia" de-
mands no less than that the Turkish
provinces of Kars, Ardahan, ErZerum,
Van and BitliS should be taken away
from Turkey and incorporated into the
Armenian Soviet Socialist republic-that
is, handed over to Russia. Every effort is
made to arouse American sympathy for
the ArmenianS, who are alleged to be
suffering untold horrors under Turkish
rule-though this is no longer true be-
cause very few Armenians remain there;
and every effort is being made to per-
suade Americans that President Wilson
arranged all this and was in favor of
Russia having these, provinces, though
in fact what President Wilson wanted
was an independent Armenia carved
out of Russian and Turkish territory
alike.
This Armenian business is only one
example. There are many others, and
there will be more.
Being an American citizen today is
full-time job-and the motto to be
tackled to the wall over the American
workbench should be Eternal Vigilance
Is the Price of Liberty-and Peace"
HeSsld Tribune syndicate.)
Evening star., 1946-03-05

of livestock, weather, and the de-
plorable state of politics. BY and
by, the whistle would sound. She's
at Sheldons crossing" some one
would say, pulling out a big silver
watch. "Ten minutes late, but she
can make it up before she gets to
Junction City" Huffing and putting,
with rattle OF clanking machinery
and kissing Of steam the train
would pull in. Then a lad would
load his cans onto the pung and
start homeward. 1t was not much
of a station, but on the way home
a lad would dream that some day
he would be on that train, headed
for life's stirring adventures.
Evening star., 1946-03-05
Brituin's War on Won't

In nation wide broadcast, Prime
Minister Attlee has gone on the air
to summon the British people to
what he calls war against want"
Though this economic conflict is
not fought with arms, the need for
an all-out effort is as dire as that
to which Winston Churchill rallied
the nation against the foreign foe
after the Dunkirk disaster of 1910
in his memorable exhortation on
blood, sweat and tears"
1t was a cheerless picture and
bleak outlook which the head of
the Labor government set before
his vast radio audience. The bur-
den of his discourse was the vital
necessity for production to the limit
of human capacity by all elements
of the people To that end he urged
the retention or return to wartime
jobs by women or by elderly and
handicapped persons, the elimina-
ton OF trade-union rules and Gus
toms handicapping output, and
similar abandonment by employers
OF restrictions and of troublous al
tercations with their employees
leading to strikes or labor slow
downs. "You are not just working
for wages or profit" he exhorted
his hearers, you are working for
the nation"
The need for British production
is twofold-to supply a home mar
ket crying out for goods depleted
during the war period, and to build
up exports which must be produced
and sold in foreign markets so that
Britain may purchase from abroad
the necessities of its economic life.
This twofold task must be accom-
pllshed with critical shortage Of
labor, in large part due to the need
for retaining in the armed services
the men needed to carry out ma
tional and imperial responsibilities.
The deficit can be made up only by
intensive EFFORT and by the sacrifice
OF comfort and leisure on the part
OF every one. Mr.. Attlee warned
against expecting more than "tem-
porary relief" from the pending
loan agreement with the United
States. The long-range problem
can be solved only by the British
themselves.
This is bitter medicine for a ma
ton depleted by six long years of
sherculean efforts, to- whomsvictory
over the foreign foe has brought
little except a continuation of war
time, restrictions and Shortages. Mr..
'Attlee admitted as much when he
stated: Il know very we'll that most
people are feeling the long strain.
I know how many things there are
which irritate and worry you. =.
But there is only one way to fill the
shops and get back to plenty, and
that is to produce more"
Here is common-sense gospel
which even we, in favored America.
might take prof1tably to heart.