davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-19

prise in an address on proposed
labor legislation.
In some industries there is "abso-
lutely no collective bargaining In
any real sense on the plant level"
he declared. He cited the steel in
dtlstry as one in which small pro-
ducers were told to adopt the wage
scale approved by major company
''or else"
Asked for his opinion on payroll
percentage or production-unit levies
for union administered welfare
funds, Senator Ball said he thought
any employer agreeing to such a
scheme would be signing his own
death warrant" and called itsgrant-
ing q private agency ''the power to
levy taxes"
After outlining proposed improve
mentS in the mechanism of Congress.
Representative Monroney, Demo-
crat, of Oklahoma was asked what
he would do about the filibuster.
He replied the joint Reorganization
Committee was barred from con-
sidering such procedural matters.
He said the group felt the Nation
no longer could permit itself the
luxury" Of having Congress set
aside certain days to legislate for
the District and, therefore. had rec
commended local government.
Public Held Gullible.
Representative Hebert, Democrat
Of Louisiana said he believed the
public Of the United States to be
"the most gullible in the whole
world" and charged the editors to
remember the type Of reader who
accepts as gospel truth that which
he reads In the newspapers"
He indicated he felt Congress had
been held up to ridicule unfairly in
such matters as their consideration
Of a retirement plan for members.
In answering a question, he said
he considered members as obligated
to give reporters complete facts as
he believed the latter are bound to
present them truthfully.
Benton Urges Foreign Study.
At the afternoon session yester-
day, Assistant Secretary Of State
Benton proposed the society under
take "a continuing study of the
whole field of handling news abroad
Of its needs, opportunities and diff
culties, and OF what is actually be-
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Gouzenko Gives Testimony
AGAINST Canada Professor

OTTAWA, Ontario, April 19.-Igor
Gouzenko, former cipher clerk at
the Soviet Embassy, testified at the
espionage trial of Prof. Israel Hal
perrin of Queens University yester-
day and identified documents which
said Halperin had given secret re-
search information to the Russians.
Mr.. Gouzenko said he had taken
the documents from secret files of
the Soviet Embassy.
One document. described as a
Soviet espionage organization chart,
listed the name of Halperin and an
other quoted Capt. Gordon Lunan,
Canadian Information Service Off
cial, as making this report:
Il have received an excellent re-
port on Bacon CHalperin's code
name) and approached him more
directly than the others. He
seemed anxious to be of help"
Halperin is charged with conspir-
ing with 1t. Col. Rogov, former
Russian Assistant Military Attache,
Lunan and others.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Editors
Continued From First Page }

precise proposals regarding this
subject at this meeting. It is
very probable-in fact, I consider
it most desirable-that the COM
mission should have the benefit of
views directly from some author
lied representative Of your ozgani-
zation, on the proposals yor Or
ganization would like to see en-
bodied in any draft convention 1t
may recommend. The Economic and
Social Council would appreciate
your fullest cooperation with the
commission in this matter"
Cites Favorable Factors.
Mr.. Forrest explained the letter
was received following his interview
with the council president in New
York last month, during which he
inquired what the council proposed
to do about the problem.
Speaking of the chances of SUBJ
mission Of a draft convention to
the General Assembly this fall, Mr.
Forrest cited as favorable factors
support Of the United States delega-
ton and those OF numerous other
democratic nations, as well as edi-
tors groups in many countries. But
he warned:
ut Is only fair to say that there
will be opposition to the draft con-
vention on press freedom and that
this will take the form of an attack
from some quarters on the integrity
and objectivity of the press. We will
hear much about irresponsible jour-
nalism and the dangers of an uncon-
trolled press; the charge that there
is no internal discipline in a profess
sion which does not insist upon pre-
liminary training or qualification
and which, unlike the legal or med
ical profession, supports no discip-
linary body to measure and detect
unprofessional or unethical con-
duct. -"
Let us hope that this argument
does not prevail. If it does, we may
lose the cause of a freer flow OF
news throughout a large part Of
the world. "*
Legal Curbs Available.
'Let us hope that arguments
raised against it by those govern
ments which must not show their
hand will do nothing more than
advertise to the world next autumn
that they have much to hide. =
Here in the United States, where
Evening star., 1946-04-19
4,5O0 Servicemen
Due in u. ). Today
BY the Associoied Press

Five transports, carrying more
than 4,500 service personnel, are
due today at New York, San Fran
cisco and San Diego. In addition
one vessel with LOIS war wives ano
children is due at New York.
Ships and units arriving:
At New York-S. S. Washington
from Southampton, LOIS wives and
children. Texarkana Victory, from
lie Havre-591 miscellaneous troops
At San Diego-Escort Carrier
Sitka Bay, from Pearl Harbor-456
miscellaneous Navy and Marine
personnel.
At San Miscellaneous
on the following: Marine Cardinal
3,342 Army; Pollux, from Pearl
Harbor-115 Navy; Corduba, from
Subic Bay-32 Navy.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Cabin Cruiser Destroyed,
Another Damaged by Fire

Fire destroyed a 35-foot cabin
cruiser and partially damaged an
other cruiser last night at the Buz-
yards Point Boat Yard at the foot
of First street S.W., police reported
today.
The 35-foot cruiser caught fire
following a gas explosion which oc-
Cured when the owner. Roland
Blow, 80, of 1920 Monroe street
NE. attempted to start the engine
according to police.
The second cruiser, owned by
Redge Fowel, 1909 K street NV
and tied alongside Mr.. Blows boat
was burned slightly.
Mr.. Blow was given first aid by
members of the Fire Rescue Squad
for minor burns on his right hand
police reported.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
National Rail Strike
Hinges on Acceptance
0f:Pane|' S Pay Ruling
BY the Associoied Pres,

The possibility of a Nation.
wide railroad strike hinged today
on acceptance or rejection of 9
fact-f1nding boards wage boost
Recommendation for more thar
100000 locomotive engineers anc
trainmen.
The Government board suggested
a 16scent hourly boost, with certain
changes in working conditions, but
the findings can be either accepted
or turned down by the carriers OF
the two unions involved.
The Brotherhoods of Locomotive
Engineers and Trainmen had post
poned a strike scheduled for March
II pending the boards study. Un-
der the Railroad Labor Act the
strike now is barred until May 18
Most such fact-f1nding reports in
past disputes have led to settlements
without strikes.
The two unions called a meeting
next Wednesday at Cleveland to de-
termine their stand Alvanley
Johnston, head of the engineers
told reporters at Cleveland the
boards recommendations were mot
as much as we asked for" A. F.
Whitney, Trainmen's president, re-
fused comment.
The carriers wage conference
committee planned to meet today in
Chicago to consider the board rec
omendation and then to talk with
representatives of the brotherhoods
on Monday. The railroads recently
asked for a Is per cent increase in
freight rates, partly to compensate
for arbitration awards April 3 CIV
ing similar 16-cent-an-hour pay in
creases to 1,250,0oo other railroad
workers.
The board in the locomotive en-
gineer and trainmen case said, in
its report filed yesterday with Presi-
dent Truman, that it felt bound to
follow the wage pattern set in the
earlier cases in order to avoid "in-
equity and discomfort" The engi-
neers and trainmen had asked a
$3.50 day hike, or about 81 cents
an hour. The award amounts to
$1.28 for an eight-hour day.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Two Inquiries Begun
In Virginia Mine Blast
That Took 12Lives
~ the Assoeiotsd Press

RADFORD, Va, April 19.-The
grief stunned nearby town of Mccoy
prepared funeral rites today for II
of its residents while State and
Federal mine inspectors began an
investigation of the deep-level ex-
plosion tn mine Of the Great VAL
ley Anthracite Coal Corp,
Virtually every family in this tiny
community, whose main livelihood
is derived from mining, was affected
directly or Indirectly by the dis
aster. The IL who died in the
smoke and flame 5000 feet from the
surface were all married men and
left SO children among their sur
vivors. They will be buried this
evening.
Forty-six other miners were able
to escape from the depths of the
mine, in many instances having to
fight their way through choking
fumes and smoke before reaching
the mine entrance. The shaft runs
a half mile under the bed Of New
River
Eleven Killed Instantly.
Members Of the rescue squad said
that all but one Of the IL men were
killed instantly. Paul Price died soor
after reaching hospital at nearby
Radford.
Witnesses described the explosion
as terrific"
Cloyd Martin Of Radford, general
superintendent of the mine, said he
was halfway between the entrance
and the point of the explosion when
1t occurred. The force Of the blast
he said, knocked him from the train
of mine cars on which he was rid.
ing and blew the train about $50 feet
back up the steep incline.
Believe Gas Pocket Set on.
Exact cause of the blast-osten-
sibly from gas-was not given by
mine officials, but Mr.. Martin said
a gas pocket probably was set OF by
an explosive charge.
Ironically, Virginia's worst mine
explosion in years came at q time
when all but fraction Of the 49,
900 Virginia miners were laying
OF" during the UMW-operator con-
tract negotiations.
The States anthracite, or semi
anthracite as 1t is known to the
miners, comprises only about 200.-
900 tons of the 10 million ton-total
of bituminous and anthracite pro-
duced annually II is not a. hard
as the Pennsylvania variety.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Editors Spare Nimitz
From On-the-Spot
| Quiz After Talk

Chief Of Naval Operations
Nimitz was spared an ION the
spot" question yesterday when
he offered to answer queries
from the floor after his address
to the American Society OF
Newspaper Editors.
No member rose to ask the
Admiral's views on Army-Navy
merger. The only query was
whether he would recite Hal
sey, Nimitz and Me-" a poem
written by a Naval officer read
in public previously by Admiral
Nimitz.
II guess the $s4 question will
be answered at a later date"
John S. Knight, president Of the
society, commented when no
further questions were forth
coming.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
KeeneIund Entries
BY the Associated Press
FOR SATURDAY.

weather Clear. Track Fast,l
Fss Poal G Tss'esp 5tandsEd ssmns Ting
4-year-olds and upward furlonss
xFour Bells -- los Mr. K. - lis
esmnS sorder sspv seOnt IL Senator T. liz
SECOND RAcE-Purse, sl,s75: allow
Castle Heights i14 Teddysun U.eIi 0U lis
aSsIn a99IHst. is is Rsmh. RiqsHy Bell i 1is g
. TIL THIRD RAcEmPurse; sl:s75; maidens;
RiysI Bye, sgsst s, 11s gIys Grass 111ss
sssas s!sr rSTs;en II Il SHsss y'sssn' Alice IL
klvermont Ranch entry.
FOURTH RAcE-purse,. s1,s75; allow
Flying Pro ia xTennis Ball 1o44
kssf5 sssGl. Pss Star 1ds 1ds Centre Rins--- lis
FIFTH RAcE-Purse. s1;s75: allow
aaess and xEp1e urons
95sna SS S5 Fyas
SIXTH RACE-Purse. S6.250 added;
l Is miles.
Sun, dallahad JOG South Dakota l16
Pr01en Tstmenov 194 saGalItos sMM p,aS 19s 19g
SEVENTH RACE-Purse. $4,000; allow
ances; 3-year-olds: Is miles.
Token Reward lis Rippey .--- liz
PianDer Mana liz liz FFuin%Dh:1 Fudds Jumper IL IL
EIGHTH RAcE-Purse. $1,000; claim
ing: 4-year-olds and upward: furlongs
xSister Fox - 10S XTop Book los
Swift Flight 115 Kun 11O
xPriyate Howie 116 Victory Play 10
KS pounds apprentice allowance
claimed.
Listed according to post positions.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Vond!enberg Proposes
u. N. A. Instead of
Negative Grunt, u. N.

Senator Vandenberg, Repub-
lican, Of Michigan believes the
United Nations should be re-
ferred to as UNA"
Speaking to the American
Society Of Newspaper Editors
last night, he deplored the mega
tive effect Of "UN," which he
characterized as no more than
. "grunt."
Recognizing that "UNO" has
been discarded permanently,
Senator Vandenberg suggested
using the first two
letters of the second word"-as
more satisfying to the ear.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Boyington in Hospital
For Arthritis Treatment
BY the Assoeiosed Press

SAN DIEGO. Calf, April 19.-Lt.
Col. Gregory CPappy) Boyington,
Marine ace, was in the Naval Hospi-
tai here today for treatment OF what
attendants described as "polyar-
thrills of several joints"
1t. Col. Boyington, who was shot
down over Rabaul In February. 1913
on the day he accounted for his 26th
enemy plane, checked in for an
indefinite stay.
The Navy said illness he con-
tracted during 20 months Of i'm
prisonment never fully has left him
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Benton Comedies
| BowIes Is Senior
Capital Firm

Assistant Secretary of State Ben.
ton told the American Society o1
Newspaper Editors yesterday that
"the old firm of Benton g. Bowles
has certainly become 'Bowles &
Benton
Noting questioner's slip in ad-
dressing him as "Mr. Bowles," Mr.
Benton said he encountered it fire.
quently of late.
Economic Stabilizer Bowles once
was his partner in the advertising
firm of Benton & Bowles.
Evening star., 1946-04-19
Huvre de Grace Entries
FOR SATURDAY.

weather clear, track fast)
FIRST RACE-Purse. $4,000: claiming;
4.year:olds and upward: l y miles.
Pontchartrain - i75 % xJanesfi 0. io5
| Ylee Bar 122 Brook View - 11O
Oakmont ---- 119 Romance Boy - lis
Evening star., 1946-04-19

That brought up the old adage:
Never marry newspaperman. 4"
The wives said you can marry the
man if you want to, but be prepared
for anything. Mrs. knight, for in
stance, runs four establishments in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06
Findings Of Pau|ey
In Korea Disagree
With Army Reports
By George Weller

Foreign Correspondent Of The Star ond the
Chicago Dolly News
SEOUL, Korea, June 6.-With Ed
win j. Pauley, United States repa-
rations commissioner, confined in
the Army hospital by bacillary dys-
entary, apparently contracted in
Northern Korea, observers here
were encountering difficulty in
squaring his missions interpreted
ton of the Soviet's policy in their
zone with military reports.
MIR. Pauley's attitude on his re-
turn here was that the Russians
were attempting to keep Korean in
dustry operating at full blast under
Russian overseers and Japanese
technicians. But nine months of
intelligence records compiled here,
and now common knowledge
throughout this theater, show that
the Russians have removed whole
trainfulls of valuable machinery, in
Guiding iron smelters, hydroturbines
and generators.
The United States reparation COM
missioner's highly-condensed visit,
curtailed to five days by the Rus
slams, seemed to have led him to
believe that the Soviet pattern in
Korea was not the clean sweep of
everything industrial, as in Man.
churia, but to leave many key plants.
Mr.. Pauley's view was the result of
his having seen many plants him.
self, some in operation.
Reports Cited.
On the other hand, closely docu-
mented American military reports
from eye-witnesses show that many
plants were stripped. The Army's
records, furthermore, show how and
when as well as where the machin-
cry was last seen on Korean soil.
For example, in the Yalu River
pawer plant, which the Russians re-
fused to permit Mr.. Pauley to see,
the Army is still positive that at
least three. and possibly more, of
the seven generators have been re-
moved. Soviet Comdr. Col. Gen.
I. M. Chistiakov permitted Mr..
Pauley's special train to 20 to
Sinuiju at the Yalu's mouth, but de-
MED the American envoy permission
to visit the main plant.
The army's attitude on the strip
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06

ping Of Korea was expressed un-
officially as $4,000 Frenchmen can't
be wrong" BY that remark, the
officer meant that his informants
were too numerous and too sound
to be mistaken. Although the in
dustries, which the Russians per-
mitted Mr.. Pauley to see, may have
been intact, Mr.. Pauley's mission
was Systematically denied visits to
those plants which the American
Army still strongly insists have been
stripped.
Such plants include iron and
smelter works in the Chongjim area
in Northeastern Korea and other
plants In the Hongyam area, both
closed of by Gen. Chistiakov. The
Army, although unable positively to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06

assert that Koreas main aircraft
plant in Pyongyang has been like
wise stripped, finds 1t curious that
Mr.. Pauley was refused. permission
to visit there. at
Policy Interpreted.
The Army Interpretation Of Rus
sian policy in Korea is simply that
the Soviets took the machinery at
selected times and places, and that
Northeastern and Northwestern
Korea were particularly stripped,
because they offered less transporta-
ton difficulties across Soviet borders.
In other words, while accepting Mr..
Pauley's evidence that much Korean
industry is capable of being revived,
military circles here firmly hold that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06

joseph q. McGrone. 70. 1910 Trinidad
Stella Rowzie. 70. 900 Mass. ave. NV.
Madison Mills, "a, Roanoke Rapids, N C,
Phillip Foster. 80, st. Elizabeth's Hospital.
Barbara Nimnom, IS, 1906 Prospect ave-,
George McGathen, "a, 1918 N st.. NV.
Alverda s. Fowler, 46. 1866 Kennedy st.
NV.
Joseph w. Lucas, As, suitland Manor, Md.
william M. Policy, 10, st. Elizabeth's Hos
Merrill E. Fussenegger, rs, Pittsburgh.
Joseph c. Tayman, infant, Croome, Md
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06

the Soviets have removed much val
liable machinery.
"And, II you don't believe U.s." one
American officer said, lust go down
and question any bunch Of Japa-
nese refugees from Northern Korea. y
1t. Gen. John r. Hodge, American
commander in Korea, has sent Presi-
dent Truman a report on Mr..
Pauley's illness.
Mr.. Pauley Is under the care of
Capt. Joseph Hurley OF Worcester,
Mass.
Copyright, l946)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06

Jacuuelin Cunningham, infant, 444 goth
st. ne.
Infant Oliver. Brandywine. Md.
Josie B. Washington. H.. 1117 Fairmont
Martha y. Lewis, e5. 1881 Union Ct, s.w.
Joseph H. Harrison, "a, 66 Mass. ave. NV
william J. Sayles, 90. 1852 Dixon ct. s.w.
David Sloan, 80. lib Bird st. s.w.
Percy A. Neal, So, 1852 Hayes st. ne.
John 6; williams, SO, 4406 Lane pl. ne.
James Metz, Al, 4b8 N. j. ave. Sc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-06
Deaths Reported

Isabelle G. Burke. IS, 1904 Mass ave. NV
Daniel Klein, so, BIT Kentucky ave. Sc.
Sarah Sherling, rs, Green Meadows, Md,
Evening star., 1946-12-24

ington. This ef- Doris Fieesen.
fectiyely Pauleyjzes the efforts Of
the better minds to lay out nice
committee schedule that would be
difilcult to dispute.
"C0nsciousness Of Duty"
But their problem is even worse
than they admit. Mr.. Tobey has
confided to Senator White that his
hearts desire is to be chairman of
the new Commerce Committee. Un-
der reorganization, this powerful
committee telescopes transportation,
all forms, foreign and domestic,
and communications including ra-
dio. 1t is one to which all members
Of Congress, soon or late, must beat
q path with request for consider
alton If not a favor.
Senator Tobey's predecessor, DAN
lei Webster, once delivered re-
markable address to q jury on "the
consciousness Of duty" Though
I take the wings Of the morning
and fly to the uttermost parts Of
the earth," thundered Webster, 'the
consciousness Of duty is still with
me-" His phrase is Tobey persona
fed.
The prospect of Mr.. Tobeys con-
sciousness of duty-so useful In the
Pauley and related matters-reign-
ing over the Commerce Committee,
is almost too grim for the states
men to contemplate. This Is es-
Evening star., 1946-12-24

pecially so as Senator White can
didly wants it himself in addition
to the majority leadership.
Mr.. White has superior seniority
but a hot civil war is already
building up among the augmented
Republican ranks regarding dispo-
sition Of the coveted and scarce
committee assignments. Under fire
are Old Guard aspirations to hold
dual posts Of prestige and power.
Should Senator Tobey decide to
fight it out, he might well force SEN
ator White to the hard choice of
Commerce versus leadership. The
Evening star., 1946-12-24
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE,

4
@. When was the Order Of Red
Men founded?-F. w.
A. The Improved Order of Red
Men is one of the Oldest fraternal
organizations in the country, al
though it has existed under its
present name only since 1884. The
organization is based on aboriginal
traditions and customs. Its motto
is Freedom, Friendship and Char
ity.
@. Why are some words in the
Bible written in italics?-G. S.
A. In printing the Bible, italics
were used in cases where it was
necessary to use additional words
so as to make the translation from
the original manuscript intelligible
to the readers of the English text.
@. Where did the apricot origi-
nate?-M. r. H.
A. The apricot probably origi-
mated in Asia. 1t is said that Alex
ander the Great brought the april
cot from Armenia to Greece and
thence it was taken to italy. The
Romans cultivated it and it is de-
scribed in the writings of Pliny. 1t
was later carried to France and
England. 1t is mentioned in Tur-
ner's Herbal, published in 1862
From England it was brought to
Virginia where it was said to have
been growing as early as 172o.
@. Whose voice was the first to be
heard from the motion picture
screen?-N. R.
A. Will H. Hays spoke the first
words ever spoken from the screen
on the night of August 6, 1925,
when sound pictures were inaugu-
rated.
@. Do the ships of the Navy carry
supplies of fresh water or do they
carry apparatus for distilling 1t
from salt water?-D. r. G.
A. The larger vessels of the Fleet
carry their own water -distillation
equipment, but smaller vessels have
to store fresh water.
@. For what is whalebone used?
"A. H. D.
A. One Of its earliest uses, in the
18th century, was to form the
plumes on helmets. It was widely
used in the umbrella and corset
industries, for which purposes steel
has to some extent replaced it.
Whalebone is still in demand, how
ever, among dressmakers and mil
liners and for mechanical brushes.
1t is now very scarce, due to the
decline of the whaling industry.