davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-03-25
u. 5. Files Antitrust Suit
Against Timken Axle Firm
BY the Associated Press

Attorney General Clark today an
nounced the filing of a civil action
charging the Timken-Detroit Axle
Co., one of the Nations largest man.
ufacturers of axles and axle forg-
ings, with antitrust violations.
Mr.. Clark said the complaint was
filed in Detroit and alleged Timken-
Detroit is engaged in agreements
and understandings restraining
trade in axles and axle forgings.
Mr.. Clark's announcement said
specifically, the complaint alleges
that Timken-Detroit controls pat
ents covering certain, multi wheel
automotive units essential in the
manufacture of large trucks and
buses designed to carry heavy loads.
"Timken-Detroit. it is charged,
has refused to license truck and bus
manufacturers under its multi-wheel
unit patents unless the manufac-
turers purchase their axles and axle
forgings from Timken-Detroit. The
axles are unpatented."
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Trials al Nuremberg
Approved by Pope,
Jackson Aide SAYS
BY the Associofed Press


BALTIMORE, Mar. 25.-Pope
Plus XII was quoted by naval
reserve officer, in an interview with
the Baltimore Sun yesterday, as
having said he approved the manner
in which the Nuremberg trials were
being conducted.
The Pontiff also declared he
wanted to see justice done" at
the trials, the Sun said it was told
by 1t. Comdr. Morton E Rome,
an assistant to Supreme Court
Justice Jackson in prosecuting the
Nazi defendants.
The officer has just returned home
hare from Germany.
Comdr. Rome said he had two pri-
vate audiences with the Pontiff,
arranged by Franklin C. Gowen,
American foreign service officer and
assistant to Myron C. Taylor, the
Presidents personal repI esentative
to the Vatican. The naval officer
was accompanied by 1t. Thomas F.
Lambert, U. S. NJ r., of New York.
THE Pope spoke excellent Eng
lish," Comdr. Rome told the Sun.
"He discussed the Nuremberg trails,
said he approved of them and their
method and said he wanted to see
justice done. He seemed to take
pleasure in the fact that his
speeches made when he was papal
secretary of state were stronger
against the Nazis than the orders
of the Allied Control Council"
The naval officer said the Pope
permitted him to take candid cam
era pictures of the Pontiff in his
office and also that the Pope sent
for his official photographer to
take a picture of his holiness and
the visitors.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
AxeI F. Enquist, Retired
Construction Engineer Dies

Axel F. Enquist. rs, retired con-
struction engineer, died yesterday
at his home, Ill Fourteenth street
NE.
Mr.. Enquist was employed by the
construction firm of Kennedy &
Kennedy before he retired Is years
ago. A native of San Francisco. he
had lived in the District 40 years
He served as a captain during the
World War.
Surviving are two sisters, Mrs.
N. c. Davis and Mrs. E. c. Fowler
both Of San Francisco,
Funeral services will be held at
2 pm. tomorrow at Hysong's funeral
home, 1900 N street NV. Burial will
be in Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
France Reported Accused
In New Spanish Note
By the Assoeioied Press

MADRID, Mar. 25.-Informants
said today a new Spanish note to
the United States and Britain &C
cuses France of engaging in mill
tary preparations on the Spanish
frontier which endanger world
peace.
The morning newspaper ABC yes
terday accused French Communists
of "mobilizing guerrillas against
Spain while organizing a war which
would turn over the southwestern
part of the continent to Moscow"
The border. which was closed
March /, was slated to reopen last
midnight and to remain open for
three weeks to permit repatriation
of those absent from their own
countries when the closure went
into effect.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Rites for Ii. Col. W.D. Cline
To Be Held Tomorrow

Military funeral services for 1t.
Col. Walter D. Cline, 70, retired, will
be held at 10. a m. tomorrow at Arl-
ington Cemetery. Col. Cline died
Saturday at Walter Reed Hospital.
Col Cline was a veteran of the
Spanish American and the first
World Wars, serving as a cavalry
officer in the former and an ord
nance officer in the latter He re-
tired from the Army in 1884 and
had lived in Washington the last
seven years. His residence was at
5420 Connecticut avenue NV.
A native of Dayton, Ohio, Col.
Cline was a graduate of the law
school of Ohio State University and
practiced law in Dayton before 60
ing on duty with the Ohio National
Guard in 1898.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Gertrude L. Cline; daughter. Mrs.
Edgar H Snodgrass, Hawaii, and a
brother, Luther Cline, Dayton.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Japs Tried DooIittIe Flyers
Without Benefit Of Counsel
BY the Associated Press

SHANGHAI, Mar. 25.-The Doo-
little flyers were not given counsel
at their court-martial because they
we're not entitled to such defense
under Japanese military law, 1t.
Gen. Shugeru Sawada testified at
his war crimes trial today.
He is the top-ranking of four
japanese officers charged with exc
cutting three Doolittle' flyers-Lt
Dean E. Hallmark, 1t. William G.
Farrow and Sergt. Harold A. Spatz
Sawada, former commander OF
the 18th japanese Army, said orders
for eourt-martial of the Doolittie
flyers and execution of the trio came
from ex-Premier Hideki Tojo. The
slight Japanese with one glass eye
admitted he appointed the court
martial;
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Three Scientists 10 Get
Franklin Institute Medal
By the Assoeiofed Press

PHILADELPHIA, Mar. 25.-Three
scientists-two Americans and a
resident of Sweden-have been Sc
lected for the award of the Potts
Medal of the Franklin Institute for
1916, the institute announced yes
terday. ..
They are DR.. Sanford A. Moss,
General Electric Co. consulting en-
gineer Of Lynn, Mass; DR.. Bengt
Eden of the University of Lund,
Sweden, and DR.. Ira S. Bowen of
Pasadena, Calf.
DR.. Bowen and the Swedish pro-
fessor are being honored for their
researches into the nature of sub
stances in the nebulae and corona
Of the sun. while DR.. Moss was
recognized for his work on the
aeronautic turbo-supercharger, DR..
Henry Butler Allen, secretary and
director of the Franklin Institute,
said.
The medals will be presented at
annual ceremonies April II by
Charles S. Redding, president of the
institute.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Committee 10 Survey
Courf-MartiaI System
Named by Patterson
BY the Associated Press

Asserting "the War Department
wants the most efficient and lust
system of military justice that can
be devised" Secretary of War Pat
terson today appointed commit
tee OF judges and lawyers to survey
Army courts-martial procedure.
Dean Arthur T. Vanderbilt of the
New York University Law School
will head the committee of nine
which was nominated by Willis
Smith, Raleigh, N. c., president of
the American Bar Association. Dean
Vanderbilt said theeommittee would
hold its first meeting in Washing
ton early in April.
Ihe committees recommendations
Will be made to the War Depart
ment as possible basis for reyis-
ing court-martial procedure, which
has remained unchanged for 25
years.
We have just come through a
long war during which the Army
reached great strength and in the
course OF which it was found neces-
sa1y to try many men by Army
courts-martial," Secretary Patter-
son said. TN view of the number
of personnel brought within the iu-
risdiction of the courts-martial sys-
tenn and the necessary abruptness
of the conversion Of millions of citi-
zens into disciplined soldiers, it is
not surprising that grievances have
been expressed in various quarters.
"The War Department wants the
most efficient and just system of
military justice that can be de-
vised in the light of militay ex-
perience, American conceptions of
punitive justice and enlightened
penology. The investigation and
advice of the committee will be of
great value in reaching this result"
Serving on the committee with
Dean Vanderbilt will be: Judge
Alexander Holtzoff, United States
District Court for the District of
Columbia, secretary; w. T. Joyner,
Raleigh, N. c.; Joseph w. Hender-
son, Philadelphia; Jacob M. Lashly,
st Louis; Walter P. Armstrong,
Memphis, Tenn; Federal Circuit
Judge Morris A. Soper, Baltimore:
Floyd E. Thompson, Chicago, and
Frederick E. Crane, New York.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
FBI Reports $4,000 Cases
OF Draft Evasion Probed
BY the Associated Press

Director J. Edgar Hoover revealed
yesterday that the FBI since VI
day has investigated reports of
more than $4,000 draft violations.
Asserting ''the draft dodger is
still with u.s. the Federal Bureau
of Investigation chief said in an in
terview that 3,o55 new selective
service cases were opened in Feb
ruary alone. Additional cases are
being reported daily.
Since VI day. Mr.. Hoover said.
nearly 1000 draft violators have
drawn sentences, the majority be-
ing persons between rs and 80
years of age whose violations oc-
CURED prior to VI day. Similarly,
of the 12,300 pending cases in FBI
files on February %, 1916, the ma
jority were opened prior to VI day
and involved registrants over 26.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
BY the Associated Press

GENEVA, Switzerland, Mar. 25.-
Herbert Hoover arrived here by
plane this afternoon on his tour of
investigation of the European food
situation. He was scheduled to spend
the night in Geneva and fly to Paris
tomorrow afternoon.
Before leaving Rome Mr.. Hoover
told reporters today that the food
problem in Italy was the same
as in other parts OF fanine-threat-
ened Europe: ITO prevent starva-
tion for the next 100 days until
the new harvest is gathered"
THAT fate, he said. will fall on
the lower income groups and chill
dren soon after arrivals of overseas
food stop"
Mr.. Hoover, chairman ut an Amer
lean commission investigating the
European food situation. conferred
yesterday with Prince Umberto.
Mr.. Hoover said that if present
italian rations are lowered as the
result the failure to import food
stuffs, 1T will be a disaster to the
white collar and work classes"
"Our anxiety" said Mr.. Hoover,
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Policeman Halls FIiqht
Of Trio From Miami Jail
By the Associated Press

MIAMI, Fla, Mar. 25.-Three
youthful prisoners who made a
break from Miami's skyscraper jail
were back in their cells today be-
cause their luck and nerve ran out.
They overpowered matron and
an elevator operator and forced
their way from the Oath floor of the
courthouse-jail in downtown Miami
yesterday, but quit cold so yards
from the building under a volley Of
shots fired by Patrolman David
Cutler.
The patrolman was waiting for
the elevator on the first floor when
the men rushed out.
The prisoners were identified as
Robert Eugene David, held by the
FBI in connection with a $4,000
jewel theft in Charleston, S. c.:
Richard Grant of Akron, arrested
March by FBI agents for Akron
authorities, and Robert Bonner,
alias Gerald L. Favel, held by i'm
migration authorities since February
IA on charges Of illegally entering
the country from Canada.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
FDIC Reports Average Of $552
In 81 Million Bank Accounts

in the postwar period than in the
prewar days, since it hasn't changed
much.
If you're a.s10,000- -S25, 1000 de-
positor, meeting the average is easier
now than before the war. 1t takes
a mere sl4,863. In prewar days, ii
took SIS, ,160.
And if you're an over-s25 900 man
you need only S153, ,264 to be average
Par in the pre-Pearl Harbor days
was s161 ,421.
Even if you're just a shade better
than overdrawn, it may cheer you
to know the FDIC reports there
hasn't been single failure in nearly
two years among banks whose de-
positors' accounts it insures.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
BY the Assoeioied Press

If you haven't got more than S552
in the bank, your accounts below
average.
At least it's below the average for
the more than 100000 accounts in
the 13,481 commercial and mutual
savings banks whose depositors' &C
counts are insured by the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corp.
And if it isn't at least 1903, it's be-
low the average on the eve of wars
outbreak in 1941.
Furthermore, those averages just
apply to accounts under $1,000
If you're in the $1,000 to $4,000
class, you need $4,000 to meet the
average (Which is no tougher to do
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Failure Is Reported
In Minimum Wage
Compromise Efforts
eY tho Assoeioted Pros.

Efforts OF Senate leaders to
work out a compromise with op-
,ponents of the Administrations S
65-cent minimum wage bill were
reported today to have failed.
Senator Pepper, Democrat, Of
Florida, one of the measures spon-
sors, told reporters that no agree
ments have been made with any
other factions.
We'll just fight things out on
the floor" he said
Across the Capitol, meanwhile,
proponents were taking steps to
push through the legislation as
drawn. Representative Hook, Demo-
crat, of Michigan, co-author of the
bill with Senator Pepper, an
nounced the formation of 43-
member House group which in
cludes four Republicans.
The bill provides for an imme-
diate increase from 40 cents to 65
cents in the statutory minimum
wage and an eventual increase to
rs cents. 1t also would broaden
the wage laws coverage to include
several million more workers.
Two major hurdles lay ahead in
the Senate:
J.. A move by a Republican,
Southern Democrat group to hold
the immediate increase to SIS cents
with no change in coyerage. This
plan provides an increase to 60
cents after 18 months.
2. A proposal by farm minded
Senators to add an amendment
boosting farm prices.
The Senate resumes considera-
tion of the bill tomorrow. Senator
Pepper said he doubted, however
that any votes would be taken
before Wednesday.
Mr.. Hook said the House bloc
formed to back the bill is headed
by Representatives Outland, Dem
ocrat, of California and Ramey,
Republican, of Ohio as co-chair-
men with these other Republicans
among the 80 Democrats: Angel,
Oregon; McDonough, California,
and Wolverton, New Jersey.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Coal Farley Enters
Critical Week in
Pay Negotiations
ny the Associated Press

Bituminous operators and John
L. Lewis entered the critical week
of their negotiations today with
the threat of a Nationwide coal
strike dead ahead.
Mr.. Lewis has indicated he will
give notice tomorrow or Wednesday
that he intends to terminate the
present contract at midnight next
Sunday.
Before he gives that notice, the
operators hope to submit a list of
counterproposals for a new con-
tract. They ran into trouble over
the week end, however, in reaching
agreement on how to meet Lewis
nine generalized proposals, includ-
ing his big one for a health and
welfare fund.
The United Mine Workers leader
has asked for increased wages for
shorter work week, limiting that
he wants to return to a seven-hour
day. But he has not been specific
in the brief negotiations to date.
The operators were represented
by associates who declined to be
identified by name as willing to
grant the 100000 bituminous miners
a pay increase equal to that given
in other basic industries. In steel
and autos this averaged 181s cents
an hour.
Some operators were said, how
ever, to fear that this tentative con-
cession on wages would fail to sat-
isfy Lewis because he has COM
pletely subordinated the wage and
hour demand to his health and well
fare fund proposal.
Without linking this fund with
the royalty he asked last year. the
UNIV chief is reported to have told
the wage conference that he still
wants 10 cents ton or its equiva-
lent.
AS the bituminous negotiations
droned on, Mr.. Lewis summoned his
anthracite scale committee to a
meeting here tomorrow to determine
what action to take in reopening the
hard coal contract next month.
The anthracite agreement, cover
ing u, 900 Pennsylvania miners, is
timed to expire, If Mr.. Lewis desires,
a month after the bituminouS pact.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Senator Sees Attempt
To Keep Indefinite
Control Of Draftees
By the Associated Press

Senator Johnson, Democrat, OF
Colorado asserted yesterday that
the chief reason some admins
tration leaders are trying to keep
the draft act alive "is to hold
their finger on every man who
has been discharged from the
Army or Navy"
Senator Johnson, who has advo-
Gated extending selective service
only six weeks beyond its present
May is expiration date, told a re-
porter he is convinced that some
supporters want to retain indefi-
nitely the authority to call men back
into the armed forces.
Under their Interpretation OF
the act" he said, these men could
be summoned back into uniform at
any time, without an act Of Con-
gress. They want to hold their fin
ger on them, but I don't think we
need or want any such authority
indefinitely, despite what some peo-
pie say about international condi-
tions."
Admits Power Exists.
Conceding that such authority
exists, Senator Austin, Republican,
of Vermont said he is certain that
lit would never be used short of
some well-defined threat of attack
on the United States.
ut is not the policy of the Mill
tary Committee or the War De-
partment to recall any man who has
already served his country" he de-
clared in an interview. THAT was
the explicit understanding when
Secretaries Byrnes, Patterson and
Forrestal appeared before the COM
mittee last week"
But Senator Johnson said some
military officials had told the COM
mittee they want the draft authority
extended, even if the ranks are filled
with volunteers and no one Is in
Quoted under it's terms. With that
in mind, he said it seems logical
that the real reason" for proposals
for extensions up to 18 months is to
retain authority over demobilized
personnel.
Claims Extension Sufficient.
The Colorado Senator contended
that an extension to July / would
give the Army and Navy all of the
men they need to meet requirements
up to July /. 1947. At that time,
the Army has planned an overall
strength Of 100000 men, a drop
from the 100000 figure set for
next July /.
However, Senator Maybank, Dem
ocrat, of South Carolina, who favors
longer life for selective service, told
a reporter that the bulk Of volun-
teers the Army and Navy are get
ting now are youths who enlist be-
fore they are drafted.
IF we let the draft die, volunteer
ing will slump quickly under present
conditions" he predicted.
Proposes Pay Boost.
The South Carolinian has proposed
pay increase to 500 a month fol
Army privates, but he said he has
little hope the committee will ap-
prove more than the 20 per cent
boost over present pay recommended
by military leaders.
A showdown on the draft extension
question may come tomorrow when
the Military Committee considers
Johnson's bill for a draft extension
to July l. Senator Austin said he
will offer an amendment for a IL.
month extension.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Hot Coffee Drinker
Winds Up in Hospital
by. the Associated Press

SACRAMENTO, Calf. - Because
his coffee was hot. Frank Taylor,
40, wound up in Emergency Hospital
for lacerations Of his right ear and
lower lip. This is how it happened:
Mr.. Taylor's coffee was so hot he
choked. His false teeth turned
crosswise in his mouth and cut his
lip. Unnerved, he fell off his chair
struck his head against the table
and cut his ear.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Military to Aid Boy
Conservation Policies
BY the Associated Press

Senator Radcliffe, Democrat, OF
Maryland has received assurance
from the War and Navy Depart
ments that war materials which
might prove poisonous to oysters,
fish, geese and wild duck will not be
deposited in Chesapeake Bay or ad-
jacent waters.
Inquiries made at various military
establishments in Maryland, he said,
indicated that mo serious trouble
exists at this time in regard to pol
luton"
Evening star., 1946-03-25
News of D. G. Men
In the Armed Forces
Returnees

The following District men were
due to reach New York yesterday
aboard the transport Wilson Vic
tory:
Corpl George Sumner. T/5 Ellsworth
Wsop e1e fs, sovkn William az. aSsson ssos Il sst sssTg
fss ssesele StS.Rs Hs seSis se A. wlsm Nqlnsa
eassssy pis Sesl ElefF' osssh MhsLfssf Sss
ian lam E Dsln: Pfe joseph sSspi'n Jones: RI Fl.
John E. Donaldson. ali ali Of S Washinston. t t''
Arrived yesterday in New York
aboard the Sedalia Victory:
R. Keil and Us Francis L. Hi HItaffe. ali
of Washington.
Four District veterans, for whom
no street addresses were given in
the Associated Press report, are
named aboard the transport U. S.
S. r. Victory, due in New York to-
day. They are:
Tl5 william P. colachicco. TIA Charles
ROBERTSON. T/3 Alfred j. Smith and
Serst. Thomas c. Golfers.
Due to arrive tomorrow in New
York, aboard the transports Cody
Victory, Santa Isabel and Mormac
Dove( are these Washington men:
Pfc. Ernest Spence, IT,, 1882 Fifty
eighth avenue NE. Pfc. Emmett w. Wood
fork, jr.. 2472 Ontario road NV, and
SLSergt; Carl D. Southard. 1894 Fifth
street NV.
Also Col. John o. Roady. IT'S Thomas
| ]. Clark, Pvt Henry B. Bolden, T/5 Floyd
F. McCauley, Sergt. Lyle E. Hutchinson,
moreland D. Dunaway, Pfc. Jerome N.
Brodsr, Pfc. Lloyd w Peck. list 1t. Ralph
F. Whall. Pfc. Sidney Fishman, Pfc. Frank
M iSergt: Robert D. Stark and TISeret
Charles F. Rodgers. all of Washington, 70,
whom no street addresses were given,
Evening star., 1946-03-25
$34,402,397 Paid
To 7,481,580 Idle
Veterans in Week

A total of 1,481 $50 veterans
drew unemployment pay
amounting to $34,402 1897 dur
ing the week ending March 16,
the Veterans Administration
reported today.
While the number of veterans
receiving the REIMBURSEMENT al
lowances" increased by ap-
proximately 10000 during the
week, the number filing claims
for the first time dropped by
5000, VA reported.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Gunpowder 'Rediscovered'

Although the Chinese used gum
powder for flares, Friar Roger
Bacon of England discovered its
explosive qualities hundreds of years
later,
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Weather Report

Districc of Columbia-Some sun
shine and warmer with temperature
near go degrees this afternoon.
Mostly cloudy and mild with some
rain late tonight and early tomor-
row.
River Report.
CFrom United States Engineers
Potomac River clear at Harpers Ferry
and slightly muddy at Great Falls; Shenan-
doeh clear at Harpers Ferry.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Southernmost Oil

The most southerly production of
oil in the world is on an island be-
longing to Chile off the southern
tip Of South America.
The war is over, but the fight for
the four freedoms goes on. First
of the freedoms for the average
man is freedom from want. Bes'
insurance for that is to buy and hole
United States Savings Bonds.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Inductees

Twenty-Five District men have
been ordered to report for induction
into the armed forces today. Their
noy,noc fn11oup.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
Record Temperatures This Year.

Highest, II, on March 5.
Lowest. IL. on January 2S.
Tide Tables.
Evening star., 1946-03-25
The Sun and Moon
Precipitation.

Monthly precipitation in inches in tn,
Capital (current month TO datel:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-07-06

likely to be jet propelled The developments of the years have changed the face of aviation that it is difficult believe that the first successful flying machine built and flown not much more than a quarter of a century ago. The conventional planes of today commercial well as military are an amazing advance the early ones but they are in
 turn either already obsolete in the process Of be- coming so-even the mighty B-29
 few years from now, with jet propulsion domln- ant the planes that seemed so marvellous to us during the war will be mere museum pieces. This is cer- tainty at least as regards military aviation, and there can be little doubt that commercial aviation-even if it remains conventional for longer period-wil make important advances we'll Progress in the field as a whole has been very great and it will be greater still. We are nearing the time when all of us will consider it more or less commonplace to travel fortaby through the sky at speed close to the speed of sound.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-07-06
CAPITA CHAEE

Official State Department broad casts to Russia in the Russian Ian guage will begin just as soon as the necessary staffs have completed their training. One of John Shy der's first acts as Secretary of the Treasury was to agree to the re- lease of gold to Argentina. This gold was seized by the U. s. Gov ernment at the start of the war. It's release is a major victory for President Peron. <. President Tru- man has decided to abandon his plans for an Alaska vacation this summer Instcad, he will make sev- eral political swings around the