The Wilmington morning star., 1946-03-29
MORE ABOUT
LIPPMAN
FROM PAGE ONE

international agreements; it is to
national agreements it is to have
have laws operate upon individ-
uals.
This principle is not altogether
novel even in the international at
fairs of our era when national
sovereignty has been SO absolute,
and its doctrines have been ex-
pounded so dogmatica1ly and so
pedantically. 1t is the principle
that men have had to invoke and
apply whenever they have sought
to enlarge the area Of lawful
order. "**+
The authors of the American
Constitution invoked it in order to
remedy the lawlessness and dis
order of the Confederacy of 1881.
They espoused and elucidated the
principle in the Federalist.* *+* If
anything in the field of political
science lcan be called a proven dis
covery, it is that a system of law
will not produce order if it oper-
ates only upon states, and that the
enforcement of law becomes posi-
BILE only as the laws operate upon
individuals. For then the enforce.
ment of the law may not encounter
the organized and unified oppos-
sition which is evoked" when the
attempt is made to regulate or
coerce states that command the
allegiance and obedience of masses
of people.
Hamilton argues that If there is
to be experimenting power
which is what we are committed to
establishing when we seek "effec-
tive safeguards" against weapons
of mass destruction - then I'VE
must resolve to incorporate into
our plan those ingredients which
may be considered as forming the
characteristic difference between
a league and government; we
must extend the authority of the
Union Gin this case of the superin-
tending power of the United Ma
tions) to the persons of the citi-
zens" of the United Nations
In examining the bearing of this
principle upon the problems Of the
world today, we must not be di-
verted or confused by the connota-
tons of the word government"
The word suggests the apparatus
OF a world flag, world executive.
world legislature, a world judicial
system, a world army, world po-
licemen, detectives. inspectors,
and tax collectors. None some, or
|all of these instruments of gov
eminent may be desirable or feas-
ible; the point 1 wish to insist upon
is that we need not and that we
should not consider them now. For
the principle that world laws and
agreements shall operate upon in
dividualS can be applied construc-
lively at once without a prior COM
mitment to create the particular in
situations of "a world government.
The principle is most suitable TO
the problem that, the three for
eign ministers agreed to lay be-
fore the Commission for the Con-
troll of Atomic Energy that they
have asked the General Assembly
of the United Nations to establish. |
The problem is now to provide
effective safeguards against
the hazards of violations and eva
sions" of agreements that would |
call for 'the exchange of basic
scientific information for peace
full ends for the control of
atomic energy to the extent nee
essary to insure its use for only
peaceful purposes" and 'for the
elimination from national arma-
ments of atomic weapons and
other major weapons of mass de-
1t is manifest that these rules |
struction'
will deal with the activities of |
countless individuals in all coun-
tries. Scientists, technicians. in