davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-12-05
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Wisconsin, whose politics have been
stirred with spoon-or with q clup-
by members of the La Toilette family
for the last half century, may have
another emotional eruption over La
Toilette Senator Robert M. La Toilette.
IT., who was defeated for the Republican
senatorial nomination to succeed him.
self by Senator r-elect Joseph r. Nc
Carthy, can, If he wishes, become can
didate for the House seat in the new
Congress made vacant by the recent
death of the late Representative Robert
K. Henry. Mr.. Henry represented the
I'd Wisconsin district, in which is
the home of Senator La Toilette, dis
trict, by the way, which has been
strongly Progressive and strongly at
tracted to the La Follettes.
Whether Mr.. La Toilette can be per-
suaded to make the race for the House
remains to be seen. He has been for
more than a score Of years Senator.
However, there are notable examples OF
men who have occupied high public
Office who have been glad to serve in
the. House. A President Of the United
States, John Quincy Adams, wound up
his career as q member Of the House
James w. WadsWorth, q member of the
House since 1888, was Senator from
New York for dozen yearS-from 1915
to 1927. After he had been out of the
Senate for half q dozen years, he re-
turned to public life via the House,
of which he has been one OF its most
valued and valuable members for many
years.
! ~ - - n
A great deal Of pressure has been
brought to bear on the Wisconsin Sena-
tor to toss his hat in the ring for the
Republican nomination to I'LL the va
cancy in the House. Dane County,
which includes Madison, the home OF
the La Follettes, is part OF the 20
district. The call for special election
is up to Gov. Goodland. The day for
this election may be the first Tuesday
in April, when elections of a number OF
State officials are to be held. In any
event, it is not likely to be held until well
after the first of the year.
If Mr.. La Toilette wishes to continue
in public life, this looks like an excel
lent opportunity. There will be, as things
look today, scramble for Republican
nomination for this House Seat-with
number of entries. Tom Coleman, chair
man of the Republican State Voluntary
Committee, who built up the organiza-
ton which finally defeated Senator La
Toilette on November s., also has been
urged to run But Mr.. Coleman declares
he does not wish to be a candidate, and
does not wish to be elected to Congress,
and does not wish to come to Wash
ington.
WisconsifNis the state with the largest
solid Republican delegation in the new
Evening star., 1946-12-05
The Pendulum Swings Back
By Berfram Benedict

and American courts had begun to
question the common law doctrine OF
conspiracy as applied to trade unions.
In l842 came the decision in Common
wealth v. Hunt"
In this famous decision, the highest
court of Massachusetts, ruled that to be
unlawful conspiracy had to have un-
lawful aims or to use unlawful means.
The activities of union could not be
inhibited If it did not use coercion,
duress, force or fraud Even closed
shop was not, per Sc, illegal. ,
By the 1906 the courts were holding
that strikes were legal if intended to
advance the self interest OF the workers,
illegal if intended to injure the en-
ployer, Then came the doctrine that
all employers had the right to free
access to the labor market, q right that
must not be interfered with artif1cially.
This hairsplitting gave way to the use
of injunctions against strikes, especially
after the Sherman antitrust law was
enacted in 1890. Union leaders at this
time actually favored Federal lncorpo-
ration, so as to give unions legal
standing.
In the Clayton Act of 1914, Congress
was supposed to have all but forbidden
injunctions in labor disputes, and 20
have exempted unions from the anti
trust laws, but the Supreme Court deci-
sion Of 1921 in the Duplex printing case
left little of the Clayton Act. In 1882
came the Ncrris-La Guardia Act, prac-
tically outlawing labor injunctions in
Federal courts, also "yellow-dog' con-
tracts. Section 7(a) Of the NRA Act,
then the Wagner Labor Relations Act,
guaranteed the rights Of collective bar
gaining and organization, and outlawed
certain acts Of employers as unfair
practices.
That was about as far as the legisla-
tive pendulum swung prounion. 10
l943 came the Smith-C Connally Anti
strike Act. IN 1916 the Antiracketeer-
ing Act OF 1894 was made applicable to
unions, the anti-Petrillo bill was en-
acted, the House Of Representatives
came within 5 votes Of overriding the
veto Of the Case bin. And In 1947-?
Evening star., 1946-12-05
This Changing World
Rp Ionsfanfine Bro.On

Some quarters have received the re-
port that the generalissimo is suffering
from an ailment greater than fatigue
after many strenuous war years. what
it Is or just how dangerous 1t may be
is impossible to determine. But 1t is
known that several physicians are IN
constant attendance both in Moscow
and In the Crimea.
The great interest In Stains health
outside the boundaries Of Russia Is
natural. Foreigners were keenly inter-
ested In Mr.. Roosevelt's health, too. But
the succession situation in the two
cases is vastly different. The succession
Of the presidency Of the United States
is well determined. The Vice President
succeeds Immediately. Not so In Russia.
Nobody knows today who will succeed
Stain, since there is no such provision
in the Russian constitution.
There Is no question, however, tnat
when Stain dies a highly interesting
situation will be created Tor the outside
world. The future policies OF the U. ..
s. r. depend entirely on into whose
hands the helm OF state will pass. There
was a cat-and-dog fight after the death
Of Lenin. The jockeying for power from
WHICH 0Ldllu eventually ClilClsCO do thAC
top man lasted for several years and
was accompanied by some of the most
drastic blood purges in the history OF
Russia.
Stories from Moscow say that the
propaganda machine is now featuring
pictures OF Foreign Minister Molotoy
throughout Russia This Is generally ac-
cepted as an indication that Molotov
is being groomed as heir apparent.
But in state where conspiracy is the
main instrument of policy, things are
not running as smoothly as that. There
is group of men such as Zhdanoy,
Shvernik, Beriya and others who form
the powerful Politbureau who are am
bilious either for themselves or for those
with whom they think they can work
best.
Conditions in the U. S. S. r., accord
ing to the flinsy reports percolating
through to the outside world, are in
many ways worse today than they were
at LeninS death. And the number OF
ambitious men in the Kremlin has in
creased in proportion to the growth of
Russia as world power.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

There Is new winter crop OF rumorS
regarding the health OF Prime Minister
Stain, who is now taking another long
vacation at RuSSia's Warm Springs, the
balmy winter resort of Liyadia in South
ern Crimea.
Few Russians, probably not mole than
can be counted on the fingers OF the
two hands, know exactly the state OF
health of the generalissimo.
But, putting two and two together
and sitting through mass OF reports.
rumors and conjectures, 1t is possible to
say that the Russian leaders health is
declining at about the same rate as that
of President Roosevelt between the last
quarter of 1914 and his death in April,
1945.
Stain. who Is known for being an url-
firing worker, has spared himself con-
siderabiy in the last twelve months
and has divided responsibility as much
as is possible in dictatorship with a
number Of his closest associates. Like
last year, he did not appear at the most
important celebration In the U. S. S. r.,
the ceremony marking the anniversary Of
the Soviet revolution He left the raw
Moscow climate for Russia's Florida, !"
Southern Crimea.
\ X \ -
Few foreigners have had access to
Stain this year. Those who did see
him were mostly representatives of the
satellite states, who are even more
careful than the Russians themselves
about saying anything the Kremlin
doctors may wish to conceal. Ambassa-
dor Walter Bedell Smith has not had
the opportunity of paying his respects
to the generalissimo since he returned
to Moscow two months ago, although he
had come to Washington for the specific
purpose OF receiving further briefing
from the white House and the State
Department regarding our future rela-
tions with our wartime ally.
The ambassador made known what
ever views were to be conveyed to Stain
through the usual channels, the Ameri-
can desk in the Russian Foreign Of1ce.
It is customary that the ambassadors
of large powers, particularly war asso-
ciate, should be received by the head
of state at the formers request. Gen.
Smith has not made an official request
for an audience, 1t is said, because 1t
had been discreetly limited to him that
this would be inadvisable at this time.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

Restrictions of some kind on trade
unions will obviously be enacted at the
forthcoming session of Congress. The
President himself is expected to ask for
restrictive legislation, the President who
vetoed the Case bill of 1916 as too
drastic.
His own proposal for authority to
draft strikers into the Army seemed
drastic enough, but, after all, this was
to apply only in industries taken over
by the Government and was to expire
six months after the official end OF the
war. Earlier, in December. 1945, Pres
ident Truman had asked legislation
merely for fact-finding boards and for
compulsory cooling g-of period IN major
industrial disputes.
Thus the labor legislative pendulum
swings further to the right. That right
swing began in the United States in
1943 with the enactment over President
Rooseyelts veto of the Smith Connally
antistrike bill. The preceding swing had
been all to the left, since the days when
unions had had to fight for their very
right of existence.
Until early in the Goth century, work.
ers who united into unions faced pun
ishment for conspiracy, with American
courts wont to follow the British COM
mon law in that respect. Away back IN
I549, a statute Of Edward vi had for
bidden ali combinations Of artisans. and
this was strengthened in the 18th cen
tury by acts Of Parliament forbidding
combinations in specified trades. In
1899 and 1900 new acts had the effect
Of outlawing workers associations that
might have radical political tendencies.
The first real trade union IN the
United States was organized IN l792 BY
shoenakers in Philadelphia, only TO die
out very quickly. In 1894 the Journey
men CordWainers organized another
union which lasted for dozen years;
it was killed of by conviction for con-
spiracyto raise wages and to injure
employers. BY this time the typogra-
pliers also had organized here and there.
BY 1882 Great Britain had recognized
in law the actual right Of workers to
organize, at least for limited objectives,
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Georgia Grand Jury

It is sad commentary on the sort
of law enforcement prevailing In
some parts of Georgia to note that
the first official move, for a grand
jury investigation of the lynching Of
four Negroes In Walton County last
July had to be instituted by the Fed
eral Government. Murders of this
type are crimes against the State,
not against the United States. It
is the responsibility OF State au-
thorities to bring the perpetrators
of such outrages to justice. yet had
it not been for the fortnight ac-
tion of Attorney General Clark in
ordering a Federal inquiry under
the broad provisions Of the Civil
Rights Act the killings presumably
would now have been catalogued by
police as closed cases.
The calling of a Federal grand Jury
to hear evidence dug up by corps
of FBI agents does not necessarily
mean that indictments will result, of
course. It does indicate, however,
that Federal investigators. despite
great difficulties, have uncovered
facts tending at least to point to a
violation of civil rights. To obtain an
indictment under the civil rights
statute the Government must show
that some State or other local official
Intentionally and knowingly" de-
prived the victims OF their constitu-
tional safeguards.
But the presentation Of evidence
in the sordid case to a grand jury
will have the collateral value of Sc
curing sworn testimony about phases
of the case that are primarily within
State jurisdiction. There Is pos
sibility that the jury may be able to
compile and turn over to State au-
thorities evidence of such indispu-
table nature that they will be COM
PEELED to act against the lynchers
themselves. Until the men who COM
mitted this crime are brought to
justice under State murder laws, the
Walton County killings will remain
a blot on local law enforcement.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

Congress, with two Republican Senators
and 10 Republican members of the
House. Further, it elected Republicans
to 81 per cent Of all county offices In
the last election. The percentage OF
Republicans in both houses of the State
Legislature is over 80 per cent, and the
Governor is Republican. Obviously. the
fight for the House seat in the End dis
trict will be entirely Republican affair,
and whoever is nominated will be elected
beyond doubt.
Senator La Follette's successor In the
upper house, Judge Mccarthy, will be
one of the youngest members OF that
body when he takes the oath Of office.
He will be 81 years old. The Senator
elect is a rd-hitting-h was boxing
instructor when he was a student at
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Marine
for he served in the corps during the
late war. He has plenty of what 1t
takes to get places When he started
to campaign for election as judge in
wisconsin, no one gave him an outside
chance. He was running against vet
eran on the bench. But he won. His
victory over Senator La Toilette in the
Republican primary last summer was by
a narrow margin-5,600 voteS-but 1t
was won by the most persistent cam
paigning, aided by the Coleman organ
ization.
AS in his campaign Judge Mccarthy
does not hesitate to speak his mind on
vital public problems. He is critical now
of the Truman administration Tor its
handling of John L. Lewis, maintaining
that its efforts to punish Mr.. Lewis
via contempt Of court-will not get coal
mined, which is the great need OF the
country. Mr. Mccarthy believes. he says,
that the President should draft MI.
Lewis and all the members OF the coal
miners union into the armed services
a power which Mr.. Mccarthy maintains
the President already has Barring that,
he should ask Congress for law en-
powering him to take such action. Then,
according to Mr.. Mccarthy, the Pres
ident should order Mr.. Lewis to put the
miners back to work digging coal II
he, Mr.. Lewis, failed to issue such an
order, Mr. Mccarthy would have him
court t-martialed. and If he continued
obdurate, he would have inflicted on
Mr.. Lewis the same penalty which would
be given a man in the Army who de-
clined to obey orders in time of war.
At the same time, Mr.. Mccarthy is
no enemy Of organized labor. He be-
ieves that Congress-the coming Re-
publican Congress would not rush into
legislation penalizing all organized labor
because of the acts of Mr.. Lewis and
other prominent leaders. He is con-
yinced that the Federal laws applicable
to labor should be amended-but he
wants them amended only after careful
study.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
This and That
By Charles E. Trace,cell.
EIGHTH STREET.

.
Dear Sir:
Don't you think that finding white
lilac in bloom in Sherman Circle and
a rhododendron on Decatur, is news?
Then, too, had partridge in my
backyard, here in Petworth, and pink
tulip tree which had at least one bloom
on it every month since spring.
II enjoy your writings more than l
can say. Very truly, A. p. D."
In our own yard, we had three Tau
sendschoen roses on November 30.
There was dandelion, DO!
And perennial candytuft and bridal
wreath trying to bloom.
Reports came in of violets in full
bloom, with peony shoots up several
inches.
All of this is "news"-N., E., W.. s.
of sort.
News is what interests you.
Many a political person would see no
news in such tidings. He would say,
"Tosh," or something to the same effect.
Many other persons feel the same way
about some of his affairs
It takes all sorts of people to make
world. The younger one finds that out,
the better.
Knowing this. one goes on to realize
that this is a very fortunate thing.
What a world it would be, If all of us
were interested in precisely the same
things, wanted the same things, and
liked to ignore the same things!
It is, big world, and wide one, still,
with plenty in it for all, If men could
give over their selfish covetous thoughts.
It is much better to be interested in
peonies and white hlacs, than to be
willing to throw thousands of people
out of work, just to get what you want.
Getting what you want" is easy, and
less upsetting. when it is flower in
bloom, bird on bush or an insect on
leaf.
Natures things are free, at least their
admiration is
Sometimes we think what Is the mat
ter with the human world is failure to
take advantage of our universal sense OF
admiration.
It is not necessary to go through life
begrudging honest admiration to others.
It is possible to find in almost every
one something to admire, If we will. The
trouble comes because we just won't! :
Extend the muscles Of admiration. Let
them hum and as result, calm and
easy happiness, one not given to show
or ostentation, but making its own way
to the tune of infinite satisfaction. de-
velops.
Glow with admiration at pink bug
with gold stripes, and you have no time
left to worry over John Lewis and what
he is up to.
You have no need to worry over the
perpiexing affairs in distant lands.
We think if all those odd peoples in
those distant and strange lands could
be taught to admire more, and resent
less, they would be far happier, and the
whole world, too.
An atom bomb is a marvellous thing,
but with q sting in its tail, corroding
both the mind Of its maker and the
body of him upon whom 1t is dropped.
A white ilac whenever in bloom, is
q marvellous thing, too, without any
sting. Its admiration shows a mind
tuned to good things outside the self.
The self is grand, but one may get too
much of it, Lilacs and others take us
away from it in good time, make us
understand at least bit Of the eternal
verities, put us In touch with that good
sense Of admiration which our mildly
insane human world needs at this time
almost before prayer.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Germun Economic Merger

The economic fusion OF the Amer
lean and British zones OF occupation
in Germany, just agreed to by the
two governments, is primarily an al
tempt partially to compensate Tor
the failure of Soviet Russia and
France to live up to the Potsdam
agreement, signed year and half
ago, under which the Big Four
pledged themselves to treat the con-
uuered Reich as an economic unit.
This failure has reacted diSas-
trously on the Reich in general but
on the American and British zones
In particular. 1t has been satiricaiiy
remarked that, in the zoning of Ger
many, Russia got the food, Britain
got the industry, America got the
scenery and France got the remain
der. While subject to some qualif1ca-
tions, that estimate is not too far
fetched.
Britain holds the greatest eco
nomic asset in Germany in the
shape OF the Ruhr, whose coal and
industrial plant forms the basis OF
German economic life. However,
that asset remains largely potential
so long as the Reich is economically
fragmented, especially in the matter
of food. Neither the British nor the
American zones are Self-feedlng,
even in normal times. the deficit
having been covered mainly by the
food surplus of Eastern Germany,
plus imports from abroad covered by
German manufactured exports. The
situation is made much worse by the
forced migration of millions of Ger
mans from the eastern provinces
lost to Poland and Russia, and also
from Czechoslovakia and other parts
of Central Europe The only way
this redundant population in the
British and American zones has been
kept from mass starvation is by
heavy food shipments from America
and Britain. Even so, those ship
ments have not been sufficient to
maintain working diet. which is
one of the reasons why. industry has
not revived. Yet. even SO, the costs
of maintaining this minimum i'm
pose on each of the occupying powers
an annual drain of about $500, 0,OO0,-
900, with scant hope that, under
existing conditions. those costs can
be substantially reduced.
Under the new merger agreement,
an economic rehabilitation program
will be undertaken that will cost
approximately s1,ooo,0 900, to be
shared equally between America and
Britain. But, if successful, the COM
bined zones should be economically
self-sufhcisnt by the close of 1850.
And, of course, the calculation is that
the success of this venture will entail
the adhesion of France and Russia to
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Busic Shortages
rom the Manchester England Guardian.

From the Manchester (England GUARDIAN.
The Government is entitled to the
credit of having kept industry fairly
free from strife and prices from getting
out of hand. But it would be wrong TO
underrate the dangers that may arse
from the lack of balance in our eco
nomic recovery. Some OF the gaps VIII
be hard to fill; housing, cotton yarn,
and coal are stubborn examples. The
Government is right In calling for more
work and better work all along the
line. The production campaign has
been more successful than the general
chorus of laments might suggest and
the new effort viii have better start.
But unless the basic shortage OF fuel
is overcome. progress may De halting.
The best that can be said at the outset
of the second year is that things looked
even worse q year ago.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

tage OF international Communism in
general and of Moscow In particular
Ia consummation greatly dreaded
by the Western Powers.
The previous attitude OF Washing
ton and London was much more con-
sistent. Both capitals declined to go
beyond general condemnations of
Franco and inclined to consider his
regime q domestic matter not within
the purview of the United Nations,
since the evidence tended to show
that Franco was too weak to be any
immediate threat to international
peace and security. The Connally
resolution suggests an ambiguity
which might well be clarified.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Need Snoring Up
From the st. Louis Globe-Democrat.

From the st. Louis GIobe-Democrat.s a
Unquestionably labor laws need sllcr
ing up and the new Congress mayab
expected to tackle the chore. EquaAt.
Of labor and management under VA
Wagner Act is required. together witt
union responsibility and perhaps proc
esses designed to lessen the incidence o
strikes. That does not mean collective
bargaining should be attacked or m
herent labor rights in any way SUB
jected to punitive infringement.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

some form Of economic unification
for the whole Reich, thereby be-
.latedly implementing the Potsdam
agreement. Even should this not
materialize in the near future, a
constructive beginning will ,have
been made to solve the German eco
nomic problem. admittedly the
greatest stumbling block. not only
to Germany's recovery but to that Of
Europe as well.
Evening star., 1946-12-05

A COW made the headlines recently
by being auctioned of in Chicago
hotel. The headlines would have
been bigger If she had gone there
two months ago, when it would have
been real news to have meat in a
hotel.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Eurthbound

Broken tDing trailing,
Dull the bright eye,
This is a poor thing
Created to fly;
Meant for the distant blue,
Made to aspire
After the free, the neto,
Higher and higher.
Earthbound and helpless,
Crippled and W.;
KnotUing the deep distress
Feeling the chill
Grief for Its ndtiUe air.:
Longing for flight,
Notp it must face and bear
Fear In the night.
MARY WILLIS SHELBURl
Evening star., 1946-12-05

The soil of Hiroshima, stimulated
by atom bombing, is said to be grow
ing bumper crop of vegetables.
Presumably, it will also grow a rec
ord crop of pacif1sts.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Troublesome Island

From the worcester Telegram.
The Albanian business brings up that
old one again: Corfu shall not ring
tonight.
Evening star., 1946-12-05
Behind Closed Doors

From the Portland Express
Executive session Nice way OF saying
there is something to hide.