davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Army Courts-Martia|
Face Sharp Criticism
From House Group
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Army justice administered by
courts-martial will draw sharp
criticism in a report being pre-
pared by the House Military
Affairs Committee.
Committee spokesmen disclosed
today that secret investigation has
been In progress for some time and
that instances of gross intustices'
have been uncovered in number of
cases.
The. investigation covered trials
and sentences both in this country
and abroad
One Of the major defects found,
according to committee official who
refused use of his name, is failure
to protect fully the rights Of de-
PENDANTS.
The official said that while tech
nically an accused man Is entitled to
counsel Of his own choice and Is
supposed to be allowed to obtain
necessary witnesses, such a situation
does not always exist in practice.
Another serious defect" he con-
tinued, rs lack of proper redress
when 1t is found that a conviction
should not have been obtained.
While sentences often are COM
muted or pardon is granted, there
is no way Of removing the onus Of
dishonorable discharge"
He cited a case in which an
off1cer accused of a sexual offense
was convicted and sentecned to 10
years imprisonment and dishonor-
able discharge but later freed when
an error was discovered.
But he still has his dishonorable
discharge and it has made a mental
wreck of him." the committee
spokesman asserted.
Other testimony given the COM
mittee, he said, indicated that:
!. Sentences imposed often are too
severe for the offense involved and
are not uniform.
2. Enlisted men are subjected to
courts-martial for offenses for which
officers would not even be repri-
manded.
While the system in general Is
good" the official commented, "it
needs strengthening"
Committee members said the re-
port probably will recommend legis-
lation to write legal safeguards for
defendants into court-martial law
and to provide for appeal procedure
similar to that in civil law.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Turks Reported Ready
To Fight Red Demands
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ISTANBUL, Jan. 4.-Usually we'll.
informed diplomats said yesterday
Turkeys Foreign Minister, Hasar
Saka, had been instructed to reject
any demands on Turkish territory
and to tell British and American
representatives that his nation
would rather fall in war than take
a diplomatic defeat.
The informants refused to be
Identified by name.
Soviet Armenia recently demanded
Icession to the Soviet Union of the
Armenian Provinces of Rars and
Ardahan in Northeastern Turkey
and two professors of Soviet Georgia
requested Turkey cede seven other
provinces along the Black Sea.
Saka left Wednesday to attend
the United Nations General AS
sembly opening January 10 in Lon
don, where he was expected to hold
private talks with officials Of the
United States and Britain.
The informants said Saka was
understood to be ready to accept an
international agreement for DISPOSE
ton Of the Dardanelles, on which
Russia was reported to have asked
for bases as one provision for re-
newal of the Russian Turkish
friendship pact which expired last
November.
Turkey was reported to prefer
settling this question on an inter-
national basis rather than through
bilateral talks with Russia.
But Saka, according to these in
formants was told that there must
be no compromise of any kind in
volving Turkish land or rights and
was understood to have been direct
ed to caution the western powers
that Turkey would 60 to war at
once over any encroachment Of her
frontiers.
Evening star., 1946-01-04

foreign intelligence service-testified
earlier that Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Gestapo chief, personally gave or
ders for the mass evacuation OF
thousands of weakened concentra-
ton camp inmates in the path OF
the advancing Allied armies.
This was in direct contradiction
OF Heinrich Himmler's orders, Schel-
lenberg testified, and was contrary
to the word which had been sent
to Gen. Eisenhower that starving
inmates would be left behind to be
rescued by the Allies.
Schellenberg also testified that
Kaltenbrunner at a conference in
the spring of 1914 proposed that
the Nazis cover up the slaughter OF
504 American and British prisoners
of war by giving a false explanation
to the International Red Cross.
He said Kaltenbrunner suggested
that the Red Cross be told that
some of the prisoners had been
killed by bombings.
Immediately after the two wit
nesses completed their testimony
the prosecution turned to the pre-
sentation of its case against the
Nazi high command and general
staff-the last among the six Ger
man official groups which we're in
dicted as criminal organizations.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
33 1roopships Bring
$1,000 Servicemen
To u. ). Ports Today
BY the Associated Press.

| Thirty-three troopships, bringing
home approximately $1,000 service
men from overseas. are scheduled to
arrive today at East and West coast
ports.
! New York, San Francisco and Los
Angeles expect eight ships each,
with 1929 men due at San Fran
cisco, LII at Los Angeles and 1887
at New York.
Portland, Greg, awaits 1923 on
two ships; Newport News, Va. $50
on four and San Diego, Calf, 514 on
three. Seattle and Tacoma, Wash,
have no arrivals listed.
Ships and units arriving today:
Miscellaneous troops on the fol-
lowing: William Gushing, 454; U. S.
S. LIE Jeune, 4,586; Vernon S. Hood,
8; Clarence King, 38, and Jacob
Luckenbach, 81.
At New York: Webster Victory,
1852 troops, including personnel of
2915th Engineer, Maintenance Com
pany; 485th Ordnance Evacuation
Company, 32l7th, 4202d Quartermas-
ter Service Companies, 30l7th Quar-
termaster Bakery Co.
Eleazor Wheelock, 632 troops. in
cluding 646th Ordnance Ammunition
Company, 626th Ordnance Ammuni-
ton Company, 534th TIC Port Com
pany.
John M. Forbes, SIG troops, includ-
ing 66th Engineer Topography Com
pany, 436th Air Service GP.
| At San Diego-Three ships from
Pearl Harbor: El Dorado, 445; U. S
S. Eisner, 25, and U. S. S. Wingfeld
"A.
| At San Francisco-Meriwether
2,025; New Kent, 1896; St. Mary's
1866; Haywood, 1909; Cape John
son, 1897; Henry S. Foote, 811
Barnstable, 1895; cruiser Nashville
/ 1852.
At Newport News-Miscellaneou.
troops on following: Horace Wells
le; Anna McKin. 10: Zona Gale, 80
and George Davis. 551.
At Portland-Lycoming from Oki.
nawa. 2,069 Army and Navy, ano
Dupage from Guam, 1859 Navy.
At Los Angeles-Union from
Honolulu, 456; Long Island from,
Honolulu, l,027; Sandalwood from
Honolulu, S; Teak from Honolulu
10; Jose Acosta from Okinawa, SO;
Marine Lynn from Yokohama, 1924
Gen. Hershey from Yokohama, 1899
Gen. Sturges from Yokohama, 3,2ol
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Churchill 10 Reach
New York Jan. IS
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MIAMI BEACH, Fla. Jan. A.
Winston Churchill will arrive in the
United States aboard one of the
Queen" liners January IS en- route
to Miami Beach to spend six-week
vacation in Florida
Col. Frank Clarke, Canadian pulp
paper magnate and shipping line
owner. said the former British Prime
Minister and Mrs. Churchill would
travel by train from New York to
Miami, arriving here January II.
Two weeks later, their daughter.
Mrs. Sarah Oliver will Join them
as guests of Col. Clarke.
Col Clarke, who first met Mr..
Churchill during the British gen.
eral strike in 1926 and was his host
after the first Quebec conference in
le45, said the British war leader
was coming for complete rest"
and mot to be lionized."
Mr.. Churchill won't stop In Wash
ington to see President Truman and
there will be no official reception on
his arrival in New York.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Truman Still Lacks
House Group Backing
On JobIess Pay Bill
BY the Associated s'iess.

Presidfnt Truman lowered his
sights today on jobless pay legisla-
ton, but there were no indications
that his new stand will win over
the stubborn House Ways and
MeanN Committee. r.
Mr.. Truman originally. proposed
that the Government assure unem-
ployment benefits up to $25 a week
for 26 weeks. Today he appeared
to have abandoned hope for the $25
phase.
In his radio address last night.
Mr.. Truman renewed his arguments
that the Government should sup
plement present benefits, asserting
while unemployment has not
reached anything like the level
which was feared, there still is need
to provide at least some measure of
subsistence to those men and women
who do lose their jobs by the end
OF war production.
Bill Is Compromise.
The Senate has passed an &C
ceptable measure along these lines.
But in the House of Representatives
the bill is now locked up in the Ways
and Means Committee. 1t will re-
main locked up in that committee
unless the people of the United
States insist that it be reported out
and passed"
The Senate bill does not follow the
Presidents original proposal that
the rate of jobless pay, set by the
States, be increased by Federal par
ticipation. 1t does, however, pro-
vide that the Government guar
antee payments for 26 weeks at
State rates. Both. the rates and
duration of payments now vary
widely from State to State.
agreement Endangered.
When the Ways and Means Com
mittee indefinitely postponed" ac-
ton on the bill, Mr.. Truman called
the Democratic members to the
White House. A presidential Sec
retary later quoted the Chief Execu-
tive as telling the Democrats that
the Senate had let him down, and
he didn't expect the House to follow
suit.
One Ways and Means Democrat
privately voiced concern today that
the Presidents speech not only
would steel committee opposition,
but might endanger an agree
ment" among House leaders to blan-
ket some 100000 Federal wartime
industrial workers and 200 900 mari
time workers under unemployment
insurance at State rates.
This member said he had under
stood the leaders and the President
had an understanding that such
legislation would be brought out as
a compromise for the $25-for-26
weeks bill.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Navy Nears End Of Hunt
For Men on Pacific Isles
By the Associated prss,

By the Associated Press.
PEARL HARBOR, Jan. A. The
Navy is nearing the end of one OF
its greatest manhunts "a fruitless
search of the thousands of islands
and atolls that stud the Pacific fol-
missing men of the armed forces. =.
Specially-trained parties, operat-
ing from destroyers and small am
phibious craft, have been ,ransack-
ing the out-of- -the-way places Of thl
Pacific for men who vanished dMfne
the war and who might have made
1t to land.
On five islands they found the
graves of Allied flyers whose planes
crashed or evidence that the flyers
met death, but no survivors. The
parties have questioned natives and
japanese military personnel in addi-
ton to making a painstaking search
Evening star., 1946-01-04
BY ROBERT BRUSKIN.

American soldiers favor friend
ly relations with Soviet Russia
but the majority oppose making
excessive concessions to win her
cooperation, a poll completed
by the War Department indi-
Gates.
Another poll shows that while
CTS like German civilians better
than the French, they are adamant
in voting for execution or impris-
onment OF "bigshot" and little"
Nazi leaders. thorough destruction
of her war making potential, super
vision of schools and the use of
Germans at prisoner of war pay for
rebuilding devastated areas in other
countries.
Conducted by Brig. Gen. Charles
T. Lanham's Information and Edu-
cation Division of the War Depart
ment, the poll on reactions to the
Russians was completed two
months ago and showed:
Fifty-three per cent voted 1T is
important for the United States to
be on friendly terms with Russia,
but not so important that we should
make too many concessions to her"
Twenty per cent declared I'VE
should make every possible effort"
to keep on friendly terms. And Is
per cent declared "if Russia wants
to keep on friendly terms with us
We shouldn't discourage her, but
there is no reason why we should
make any special effort to be
friendly"
Five Of every bundled soldiers
queried, voted that I'VE shall be bet
ter off if we have just as little as
possible to do with Russia" The
remaining per cent gave no an
Swers.
Few soldiers thought Soviet peo-
pie had a reasonably full and fair
picture of the United States
Eighty-six per cent of officers and
IS per cent of enlisted men thought
! it lacking. Only 6 per cent Of the
officers and 10 per cent of the en-
listed men thought Russia had a
full and fair picture of this coun-
try. The others didn't know or
gave no answer.
| Given a choice of the English
French and Germans to the ques-
ton which they preferred lust as
people" and aside from the fact they
ARE our enemies or our allies" GIs
decided they definitely preferred the
English. The poll showed 48 per
cent for the English. % per cent for
Germans and only is per cent pre-
ferred the French. The remainder
gave no answer.
Hate" Factor Drops.
The end of the war brought a
drastic drop in hatred" toward
German soldiers and civilians.
Shortly before We day, Al per cent
had strong hatred" toward Ger
man soldiers and 20 per cent felt
that way toward German common
people" Four months later, the
hatred had been ameliorated so that
only 81 per cent felt that way about
German soldiers and 10 per cent an
nounced hatred of German civilians.
However, GIs we're consistent in
their dislike of Nazi institutions, as
disclosed in three separate polls
covering the same questions. The
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Secretary Appointed
For Bishop Powell

Miss Genevieve Evelyn Cooper, q
member of the Office staff at Wash
ington Cathedral for la years, has
been appointed secretary to the Rt
Rev. Noble Q. Powell, DID, Bishop
of Maryland, 1t was announced to-
day by the Very Rev. John w. Suter
DID, Dean of the Cathedral.
Having served as secretary to the
late Bishop Freeman. Miss Cooper
also was Bishop Powell's secretary
when he was dean here.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
News of D. G.. Men
In Armed Services
| Killed

Fire Controlman lie Lee Franklin
Root, IS, who was listed as missing
in Pacific action in March, 1912, is
now reported by the Navy as dead
it was announced today. His wife
Mrs. Virginia Massey Root, lives at
325 Seventeenth street Sc.
A veteran of about 16 years Navy
service, Mr.. Root lived in Washing
ton a short time in 1894 while at
tending classes at the Navy Yard
His native State was California
where his mother. Mrs. Eta Root
now lives. Mr.. Root was serving in
the Pacific aboard the destroyer
Edsel, which was lost with its entire
crew.
Machinist's Mate sc Fillmore
Ernest Burton, 26, son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles e. Burton, 5508 Forty
third place, Hyattsville, has been
Evening star., 1946-01-04
u. 5. and Czechs Sian
Civil Air Agreement
By the Associated Press.

PRAGUE, Jan. 4.-American Am
bassador Laurence Steinhardt and
Foreign Minister Jan Masaryk YES
terday signed a civil air, transport
>yreement which promises to place
Prague within "a flight hours of New
York and open the Balkans and
Middle East to easy air approach.
The agreement stemmed from the
international Civil Aviation Con-
gress in Chicago in December, 1914.
Mr.. Steinhardt said it was the first
to include all five of the so-called
freedoms of the air embodied in the
in the Chicago resolutions.
Pan American Airways already
has been assigned a route from the
United States to London, Brussels.
Prague and through the Balkans
and Middle East to Calcutta. Sur
vey flights have been completed,
With the agreement signed yester-
day, the start of service depends
only on overcoming final technical
obstacles.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
u. 5. Action Promised
By Truman 10 Supply
100000 Homes
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Setting an emergency goal Of
100000 new homes, President
Truman has served notice that
the Government will provide
them If private enterprise can
not.
The Chief Executive gave a fly
ing start to the career of his emer-
gency housing expediter, Wilson
w. Wyatt, jr., with promise broad
cast to the Nation last night that
Mr.. Wyatt has at his disposal every
agency of the Government and
every resource of the Government"
Mr.. Wyatt, former Mayor Of
Louisville, KY. was barely settled
in new quarters at the ONCE of
War Mobilization and Reconversion
when Mr.. Truman made his first
"fireside chat" report to the people.
Puts Housing Near Top.
In it, he named housing as the
most difficult problem" among
the three major elements of the
standard of living-food, clothing
and shelter.
The new year will bring peak food
production, Mr.. Truman predicted,
and satisfactory output. of apparel,
but in housing the situation is diff
ferent"
Emphasizing that 100000 addi-
tional homes are urgently needed
now the President noted that the
biggest prewar years construction
produced fewer than million
dwellings.
1T is clear therefore," he added.
that this is an emergency problem
which calls for an emergency meth
cd of solution We must utilize the
same imagination, the same de-
enabled us to raise our sights to
overcome the Nazi and Japanese
military might"
Requirements Not Included.
Private building organizations
have estimated that the construction
industry cannot provide more than
100000 new homes this year, 100000
in 1947 and 100000 in 1948.
Mr.. Truman said his 100000
figure did not include replacement
of millions of substandard dwellings
in cities and on farms which ulti-
mately will have to be replaced. OF
Housing Expediter Wyatt, he said:
He will be empowered to use
every agency of the Government and
every resource of the Government to
break the bottleneck and to produce
the materials for housing"
Mr.. Wyatt earlier told reporters
that among his chief concerns will
be to see that homes are built in
brackets within reach Of the re-
turning veterans" and that sufficient
dwelling units are provided for those
who cannot afford to buy but wish
| to rent.
He has called a conference tomor-
row morning with the heads Of more
than half a dozen agencies concerned
with housing.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Mexico Prepares Pac
To Block Aggression
In This Hemisphere
~ the Associated Press

Ey the Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, Jan. A pro-
posed treaty to build hemisphere
solidarity and suppress aggression
through collective action will be
submitted by Mexico at the Inter-
American Foreign Ministers confer
ence in Rio de Janeiro early this
spring.
(The Mexican proposal fol-
lowed disclosure that the
United States will submit to the
Rio de Janeiro Conference a
treaty for concerted military ac-
tion to thwart or put down ag-
gression anywhere in the West
ern Hemisphere. Uruguay also
recently recommended collective
action in dealing with political
phases of conditions leading to
war, and Brazil last September
outlined a plan for hemisphere
security paralleling in some re-
spects the Mexican proposal.
Mexico announced her position
last night in three-part, 10000
word statement proposing the treaty
outlining her fundamental position
as member of the American ma
tions and proposing reforms in the
system of inter- American peace
suggested by the American
Juridical Committee.
Council Proposed.
Differences among American ma
tions, under the Mexican plan, would
be submitted to a council of other
nations or to an inter-
national court of justice for settle
ment.
Nations adhering to the treaty
would formally condemn wars of ag-
gression and agree not to resort to
the use of force in their mutual re-
lations with other states except by
virtue of collective action authorized
or determined by the United Ma
tions Organization, or, in case of le-
gitimate defense, as provided in the
United Nations Charter.
Mexico suggested the following
against aggressor nations,
which would in effect cut them off
from the rest of the world: Retire.
ment of chiefs of mission, severance
Of diplomatic consular or economic,
commercial and financial relations,
interruption of postal, telegraphic,
telephoric and radio communica-
tions and use of military force.
Treaties Proposed.
Mexico also suggested clause to
determine who the aggressor is in
case Of doubt. The question would
be tentatively decided by the Pan
Union Executive Council
until consultation meeting could
be called to decide definitely.
Mexico also proposed that treaties
be signed this year by the American
nations, aided by the inter-Amer-
ican committee of chiefs of staff,
regulating the degree of military
facilities to be provided by each ma
ton IN case of aggression.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Mrs. MuuIdin Asks
Bon on Removing Son
Rv thA Assnciated prnse

BY the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, Jan. A Su-
perior Court order prohibiting her
husband from taking their 2-year-
old son from the State is requested
by Norma Jean Mauldin, %, es-
tranged wife of Bill Mauldin, famed
GI cartoonist.
She asserted the artist had threat
ened to remove the boy, Bruce, and
asked support pending trial of Mr.
Mauldin's suit for divorce.
Placing her husbands income last
year at 100000, Mrs. Mauldin pc
titioned for $7l0 monthly.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Resumes Law Practice

Joseph T. King, former assistant
general counsel to the WPB and
CPA, has returned to private prac-
tice OF law in Washington. He
served from 1885 to 1941 as special
attorney in the Justice Department
and from 1912 to 1914 was in the
once OF the alien property Gus
todian, after which he joined the
Evening star., 1946-01-04

" ! , q v 4 a i 1 y
| declared dead by
| t h e N Wy D e
| partment. .
| MIR. Burton has
| been m in 8
| since March /,
1912, when the
cruiser Houston
on which he was
serving was sunk
! n S o e n d a
Straits. T h e
Navy announce
ment said there
" a S a stron 9
possibility M r .
p,irfpr, loet HE
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Dempsey Loses Rinq

LOS ANGELES, Jan. 4 P.-Jack
Dempsey's sure he lost a 1880 ring,
but he isn't sure when. He reported
to police today that the sapphire
with two square-cut diamonds was
missing when he opened jewel
box. The last time he saw it, he
added, was November 3.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Weather Report

United States Weather Bureau
forecasts issued at 1915 am:
District of Columbia - Partly
cloudy, temperature in the middle
40s this afternoon; fair tonight
lowest temperature about IS. To-
morrow. increasing cloudiness, lit
tie warmer.
Maryland-Fair, not quite so cold
Tomorrow, increasing cloudiness, q
little warmer.
Virginia Partly cloudy, some
drizzle in southwest portion tonight
Tomorrow, increasing cloudiness, q
little warmer
Five-Day Forecast.
ISSUED Tuesday and Friday.
District of Columbia and vicin-
ity-Rain likely on Sunday ano
again on Wednesday. Temperature
rising slowly, above normal on Sat-
urday and Sunday, cooler about
Wednesday.
River Report.
(From United States Engineers)
Potomac. River. cloudy at Hsrpers Ferry,
and slightly muddy at Great Falls Shen-
andoah cloudy at Harpers Ferry.