davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-12-20
The 1913 Hopefuls
By RAYMOND MoIev

In and around the Gridiron dinner
week end in Washington there was
plenty of talk about presidential candi-
dates. Some of it was inspired by the
many hopefuls some of it was just un-
inspired by anything.
A few things are clear even now,
despite 18 months of uncertainties be-
fore convention time. 1t does not look
now as if Thomas Dewey will coast
into an overwhelming majority of dele
gates. as he did in 1914. The handi-
cap of defeat and the tradition of no
Republican denominations OF unsuc-
cessful candidates will retard his pros
poets, but are not insuperable.
But Dewey has still greater handi-
cap this year The Republicans will
have host of candidates-good ones,
too. A galaxy of hopefuls are in the
Senate, and several are still making
news as Governors. And there is
Harold Stassen.
Republican control of the Senate has
put Robert Taft into very strong posi-
ton. He is perhaps the most powerful
single figure in Congress. He has the
backing of strong conservative interests
throughout the country. He would be
one of the two or three candidates who
would command the strongest support
of great financial interests, although his
attitude on foreign loans is not pleasing
to the international bankers. He knows
how to get Southern delegates and he
is close to Carroll Reece, Republican
chairman.
4 X K
Deweysmust overcome this opposition.
He is not so popular with standpat
organization people over the country.
And he is bit too liberal for the
more conservative business people. The
Senator whom he practically selected
and elected, Irving Ives. will show q
vastly more favorable attitude toward
labor than will the majority Of the
Senate. That may Or may not be q
Dewey asset. But Dewey's popularity
is evident In polls, and he has great
State behind him. Tafts position in
Evening star., 1946-12-20
This Changing World
By EonstaSfjns BroUn

The American Government Is trying
to keep as far as possible from the
difficult Spanish situation, which 1t con-
siders as having such explosive material
that 1t should be left alone until the
rest of the world Is more settled.
Generalissino Francisco Franco and
his followers have few friends in the
White House and the State Department.
Our policy-framers would like to see
the situation settled by the expulsion
Of the present regime from Madrid. But
1t considers 1t highly inadvisable for
foreign nations to put the match to-
what may be tremendous explosion
in Western Europe, at time when
there are already SO many dangerous
situations in Greece, in the Middle East
and in other portions Of Europe.
The overthrow OF the present Spanish
regime should be carried out, according
to the views OF our policy-framers, by
the Spanish people themselves without
outside interference.
There Is good deal Of criticism OF
this policy in many quarters in WASH
ington which claim that unless the
democratic nations In the U. N. take
an active hand in the Spanish situa-
ton, Gen. Franco will remain in power
by dictatortal methods.
X
This criticism Is answered by the
argument that unless the u. N. decides
to send force into Spain to crush the
present regime, 1t can do no good by
fomenting rebellion. An economic en-
barge, as advocated by some members
of the IT. NJ would hIIrf the SPANISH
people even more than the government.
Such a'step would give Gen. Franco ex-
cellent propaganda material. He could
tell his people that foreign powers.
prodded by the Communist govern
ments, want to starve them out and
dictate the form of government they
have.
The Spaniards are proud people and
loath to brook foreign Intervention in
their country. One of the many rea-
sons Gen. Franco was SO unpopular with
the Spanish people was the fact that he
had Italian soldiers fighting for him.
The Loyalist government was subjected
to similar criticism-in lesser degree
because Of its heterogeneous character
and the fact that foreign brigades were
fighting on its side.
Active Intervention by foreign powers
in Spain Is likely to do away with all
the opposition to Gen. Franco which
unquestionably exists, and to unite the
Spanish nation around FL Caudillo. This
is particularly true of the army, where
discomfort against the generalissimo has
died down In the last few months simply
because foreign governments gave the
Evening star., 1946-12-20
Turkish Red PURGE

1t Is probably more than a coinci-
dence that the Turkish Govern
ment has cracked down hard on left
wing elements only a few days after
the Iranian Governments suppress
sion Of the left-wing provincial
regime in neighboring Azerbaijan.
Soviet influence in that highly stra-
tegic region, outdanking as 1t does
the main Turkish defense line
against Russia, had been a major
headache for the Turkish general
staff. The removal of that strategic
threat, coupled with Moscow's ap-
parent abandonment of their Iran
ian sympathizers, appears to have
induced the Turkish Government to
round up all domestic elements
which showed pro-Soviet or Com
munistic leanings.
The severity and extent of these
measures comes rather as surprise
to foreign observers, since it had
been understood that the patriotic
solidarity of the Turkish people vir-
tually excluded the presence of a
Communistic fifth column" It now
would appear that such an element
does exist within Turkey, even
though it's strength is not formid-
able. The drastic actions of the
Government, falling individuals,
suppressing newspapers and associa-
tions, and extending martial law in
certain strategic areas, may be in
terpreted as a precautionary meas
ure against internal trouble or as a
determination to take advantage of
a favorable moment to "clean house"
against potential Soviet pressure at
later date.
This stringent policy reverses the
liberal trend evidenced last summer,
whereby the existence of parlia-
mentary opposition was permitted,
together with general relaxation of
controls imposed since the beginning
of the late war. The logical imph-
cation is that the rulers of Turkey
deem the situation in the Middle
East still too precarious and uncer-
tain to tighten their hold. It should
not be forgotten that Turkey has
Evening star., 1946-12-20

in human behavior than the conscious
and especially in mass behavior Should
the miners lay down their tools as the
result Of Supreme Court decision TIN
favorable to them, we would have q real
crisis-a strike against the most august
body, with social and political tensions
and passions on both sides, of meal
culable danger.
The business of craftsmanship Is to
avoid such dangers and that is why a
new. reasonable contract should be
negotiated now, before the courts de-
cision. The words Of Woodrow Wilson
are applicable In all civil conflicts: I'VE
must have peace: peace without VIC
tory"
The real issue, to my mind, is the
established habit of John L. Lewis to
call strikes in advance Of negotiations
in order TO conduct them with gun
on the table. practice going on for
years to which silence has given con-
sent. Since he has called Of the strike
pending the Supreme Courts ruling,
there is now. briefly, an opportunity to
conduct negotiations under other cir
cufnstanceS and this should be done If
only to establish new pattern.
Any decision to waive the Norris-La
GuarCia Act in cases Of token posses
sion, will not, fear, stick, no matter
what tribunal so decides, because all
organized labor regards that act as
the Eleventh Amendment to the Bill
of Rights, won after 40 years of battle.
often bloody.
The anti-injunction movement started
as reaction to corporation-co controlled
State and Federal Governments using
the injunction as q preface to calling
out the militia whenever Pinkerton
thugs and other privately hired strike
breakers failed. There was the old de-
vice-also Government possession
Of attaching United States mail cars
to freight trains as pretext to calling
Federal troops to guard the railroads,
as In the Pullman strike of bitter men,
ory.
For the state now to invoke what
it had counseled abandoning is not
the way to labor peace but labor war.
Labor feels that fundamental right,
as precious to them as freedom of the
press to writer, is involved, and in
defending it. they will not feel them
selves to be defying order but upholding
constitutional liberties-as the North
erners who went to Civil War to pre-
vent the spread of slavery against .
Supreme Court decision, did not regard
themselves as law-breakers but as holy
crusaders.
Released by The Bell Syndicate. Inc,
Evening star., 1946-12-20

impression that they want to impose
3 government of their own on the
Spanish people.
According to reports from Madrid and
other important centers in Spain, even
the u. N. recommendation for With
drawal OF the heads OF the missions
from the Spanish capital, leaving only
charges d'affaires. in the place Of Am
bassadors and Ministers, has offended
the sensibilities Of. the Spanish people,
who consider this move as an insult
to them and not to their government.
The American Government would like
to see an end to all relationships in-
cluding, OF course, that Of Gen. Franco.
But 1t is fully convinced that this must
be done from within, by the peoples
themselves, and that the method OF
direct Intervention advocated by the
other powers is bound to create situa-
ton which the U. N. will not be able
to cope with.
The only means of ridding country
like Spain Of its self imposed ruler, who
has been In power for eight years, would
be free election, which in the opinion
Of many observers could be held today
in Spain.
y
The Big Three have already agreed
on the principle of supervision of the
polls in several other sovereign states,
such as Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania,
Greece and Poland. The fact that this
principle was not applied in Yugo-
slayia, Romania and Bulgaria, because
of the lack of unity among the Big
Three, should not deter them from sug-
gesting to Gen. Franco that the elec-
ton be supervised. The fact that an
American British French team was al
lowed to observe elections in Greece
should be a precedent which Gen.
Franco could not easily overlook.
He claims that his rule is Endorsed
by the majority of the Spanish people.
II we accept his claims, Gen. Franco
will have difficulty in refusing to per-
init civilians from number of nations,
including Latin American republics and
Portugal, watch polls throughout the
country. Any objection to such a
scheme, even II it were based on the
claim that it is incompatible with the
sovereignty Of his country, would place
the Spanish dictator In an unfavorable
light with his own people.
II it is true that Gen. Franco enjoys
the confidence Of the voters, the pres
ence OF foreign observers could do him
no harm and he would have legitimate
claim TO remain in Office after the elec-
tion. II the vote shows that he is not
wanted by the Spanish masses, a change
of regime can take place without the
risk OF another civil war arising from
foreign intervention.
Evening star., 1946-12-20
Balance Sheet in China

The thorny problem OF China, with
special reference to Americas rela-
ton thereto, has just been re-em-
phasized by the virtually simulta-
neous appearance Of two important
pronomcements. designed to state
our position and inform the Ameri-
can public. One Of these is from the
White House; the other is joint
proposal by Senators Ralph Flanders
of Vermont and James E. Murray of
Montana, Endorsed by such qualified
students of Chinese affairs as Owen
baltimore and Foster Rhea Dulles.
The White House statement reaf-
Arms the policy toward China an
nounced just year ago and the
consonant agreement arrived at in
the same month of December, 1945,
at Moscow between America, Britain
and the Soviet Union. In both cases,
the national government headed by
Chang Kai-shek was recognized
and dealt with as the medium for
effecting the evolution Of a united
and democratic China" free from
foreign interference of any kind.
That has remained the diplomatic
framework within which the Amer
lean Government and it's represent
atives in China have been working
during the past year. The Presi-
dents statement draws sort of
balance sheet of our achievements
and failures. The major credit item
is the successful removal of some
100000 japanese from Chinese soil
"a gigantic job rejecting great
credit on our military and naval
personnel. whose presence IN China
is thereby explained but who have
been reduced to small proportions.
The major debit item is the failure
of General Marshall to mediate be-
tween the Kuomintang and Commu-
mist factions; but the President en-
phasizes how near it came to success
and states that General Marshall
will continue his efforts. Meanwhile,
we stand ready to amplify lease
lend and other aid already extended
to China by the $50O,00o.000 credit
"earmarked" by the Export-Import
Bank, to be made available for long,
term reconstruction of China's econ
omy when a truly representative
regime has been established there.
The Flanders Murray proposal,
criticizing both the Communists and
the Kuomintang domination of the
national government, suggests an
international conference. under the
Craftsmanship of General Marshall,
participated in by all Chinese politi-
cal parties and attended by repre-
sentatives Of the American, British
and Soviet governments. the sigma
tohes OF the Moscow agreement, to
Evening star., 1946-12-20
Farce Of Regulation

A few days ago it was revealed
that nearly half Of the $500 build
ings in Washington, inspected for
compliance with fire regulations,
failed to meet the test.
Yesterday the Superintendent of
Licenses reported that twenty-one
hotels were unlicensed during all of
last year; that all Washington
hotels have been operating without
licenses since the beginning of the
license year, November 1.
The difficulty seems to be the same
in both cases. The municipality
puts regulations on the books that
it does not enforce. 1t does not
enforce the fire regulations because
the materials required to place
structures in compliance with the
regulations cannot be obtained. It
does not enforce the licensing regu-
lations because it is evidently unable
to make all the inspections required
as a prerequisite of licensing.
This is very poor administration.
It is better not to adopt the -ogula-
tions than to put them on the books
and fail to enforce them. Such a
failure makes a farce OF the regula-
tions. It creates disrespect for other
regulations, including those that can
be enforced. It suggests condition
which should lead to a thorough
overhauling of the whole licensing
structure, from top to bottom.
The complaint, which now will
take the form of an excuse, is that
there are not enough inspectors.
The Commissioners Committee OF
Municipal Officials, appointed yes
terday to inquire into the situation,
probably will come through with a
report showing the inadequacy OF
inspectors in relation to the job
they are supposed to do. And there,
unless the Commissioners are deter
mined to clean up the mess, the case
will rest.
But it should not rest there. There
are a great many desirable ends
which the city authorities doubtless
have sought to reach through pro-
mitigating appropriate regulations.
But If the enforcement Of the regu-
lations is beyond the power OF the
municipal authorities, or If the
affected citizens are unable to COM
ply with them because of inability
to get the work done, the proper step
is to get down to the necessary busi-
ness of substituting enforceable
regulations and making them stick.
Evening star., 1946-12-20
On the Record
By Dorothy Thonn pson

Although this column disagrees with
the facts, figures, and reasoning Of the
Nathan report, we view, with even
greater alarm, the general attitude Of
mind Of apparently majority Of Con-
gress that our economic and social Diff
culties can be mitigated by restrictive
labor legislation.
This is not to say that rational labor
code and better institutions for concilia-
ton and arbitration are impossible or
undesirable. They are, provided they
are worked out in serene, impartial
atmosphere and in consultation with
labor, too But they will not solve any
fundamental social and economic
problem Under social and economic
pressures, 1egalisms go out the window.
Courts can deal with misdemeanors of
individuals They have never been sue
cessful tn restraining social groups.
4
Thus, am appalled, by the optimistic
acceptance Of the idea that the coal is
sue has been settled, on the assumption
that the Supreme Court will uphold the
decision Of Judge T. Alan Goldsborough,
and the rationale behind 1t, that the
Norris-La Guardia Act does not apply
where Government is in legal possession.
Without anticipating the courts deci-
sion, I venture the unpleasant predic-
ton that II the court finds against the
union In advance of a free settlement
having been reached, the miners will lay
down tools without one word from John
L. Lewis, who has it in his power to
create another crisis merely by resign
ing. venture this without consultation
with the union, but only with some
knowledge Of labor history and collec-
tive psychology. Such miners action
would be, perhaps irrational and against
the miners interest, but rationalism
does not rule aroused collectives Of men.
War Is the most irrational Of human
activities but reason never rules where
profound emotions are involved. Ag-
gressions on what are thought to be
established rights and immunities re-
lease counteraggressive spirit, in the
expression OF which pentup feelings are
released, including the heroic and sac
rificial and overriding interest,
This may be reason why strikes,
often silly ones, like the preposterous
demonstration OF Jersey City high
school students against change in
schedule. always follows wars Workers
and in the Jersey case, teen-agers-
who have had no part in parades and
hero-worship and have no tales of
exploits to regale, put on their own
wars and find release in collective bel
ligerent solidarity.
The unconscious plays greater role
Evening star., 1946-12-20

Ohio is his weakest spot, and public
opinion polls have consigned him to
the bottom Of the heap.
Most observers, however, believe that
Dewey and Taft, year from now, will
be the leading candidates. They may
go down to the eve Of the convention
in about the relative position they had
IN 1910: Predominant lover all others.
with Dewey somewhat ahead. Wher-
ever they both enter q primary contest,
Dewey may win. But most Of the States
with presidential primaries will have
their own favorite sons.
This possibility OF q Dewey-Taft dead
lock encourages favorite-son candi-
dacies. Brewster will have his support
ers in Maine, Lodge in Massachusetts,,
Baldwin in Connecticut, Martin in
Pennsylvania, Vandenberg in Michigan,
Green in Illinois.
Stassen will have his own State and
possibly Nebraska and Wisconsin. He
may well have some others. Warren
will have California and perhaps few
other Western States.
Bricker can probably win Ohio in a
primary, even against Taft. He has
always been more popular than TAFT
in his home State. And he will haye
great secondary strength elsewhere.
Both are regarded as pre-eminently safe
and-sane candidates.
II the battle looks tough, politicians
in the convention will look for an un-
usual candidate, such as Eisenhower.
That's about the way 1t looks now.
But the future is full Of uncertainties.
Taft will gain II Congress IS successful.
But If Congress breaks through the
lines OF moderation and enacts ultra
conservative legislation, which President
Truman is sure to veto. the Taft stock
viii decline.
Seldom, II ever, has . party had 80
many good candidates and such hopeful
ones.
Uslsassd - NJ Associated NsvsrapssA hal
Evening star., 1946-12-20
Rose in Snow

The morning had turned suddenly to
gray,
And as the afternoon edged on, a chill
Hung In the deddened air. Until today
yellow haze had ,parn1ed the tdding
hill
Beyond the stubbled field, and reused
to sIriH
Defiance all the late chrysdnthemams
Whose stifening amber arms had tried
to MI
The empty garden. NON snowflake
comes,
And then another, large and soft, like
crumbs
OF cloud. The aging woman matched
and sighed.
But ioait =. blazing rose among the
phantoms
OF her garden. smooth petals red and
sDide!
she smiled: pinter and age could nerer
hold
4 heart that like the rose mas young,
and bold,
Evening star., 1946-12-20

Labor Leaders Called Politicians
70 the Editor Of The Star:
1t naturally was to be expecteG that
after John L. Lewis exhibition and all
the publicity incident thereto other labor
disturbers of the public peace would
start something to get into the lmelight.
The public, has become the perennial
victim Of labor leader competition, .one
prima donna trying to outdo the other
in publicity and other stunts, irrespec-
tive Of the long term interest Of either
their own people or the public. They
are q set Of politicians and little else.
To get and keep the job seems to be
their biggest and constant aim. Doubt
less they are forced, In some cases, to
take steps distasteful to them. being
coerced by the element that created
wildcat strikes, but, still. they owe it to
their own people and the public to
stand by their guns and to take the
consequences-which they and the regu-
lar politicians seem unwilling to do.
GEORGE w. WILLIAMS.
Evening star., 1946-12-20

effect the formation Of . regime
truly rejecting that united and
democratic China" which is the de-
clared objective OF the big Three"
OF course. these announcements
do not solve the problem. But they
approach 1t from supplementary
angles and clarity 1t for the en-
lightenment of public opinion. They
certainly tend to refute some of
the criticism launched at American
policy, especially from left-wing
quarters both at home and abroad.
Evening star., 1946-12-20
For Those Who Gave

The sentiment behind the Ameri-
can Legion's "Gifts for Yanks Who
Gave" campaign is Of such q poign-
ant and persuasive nature that 1t
would seem that little effort would
be required to assure complete sue
cess of the undertaking. Yet the
Legion is considerably short of the
modest goal of $4,000 essential
to provide 10000 Christmas gifts
for hospitalized servicemen in the
Washington area.
The very worthwhile purpose of
the drive is to collect enough gift
articles-or money with which to
buy presents-to make certain that
! no wounded or ailing member or
former member Of the armed serv-
ices is neglected when the business
of unwrapping Yuletide gifts begins
next Wednesday morning. The dis
tribution will be made at Walter
Reed, Forest Glen, Mount Alto and
st. Elizabeth's Hospitals and in the
dispensaries at Boiling Field and the
Anacostia Naval Air Station.
AS District Commissioner John
Russell Young pointed out in indors-
ing the program, the giving of these
presents is "a small thing to do when
measured alongside the tremendous
sacrifices" of those who will spend
their Christmas this year on hospital
cots or in wheel chairs. Those who
desire to share in spreading this
holiday cheer should take their gifts
to headquarters of the District De-
partment of the American Legion,
2437 Fifteenth street NV, which
will remain open from am. to
midnight from now till Christmas
Day, or to one of the special stations
set up on downtown streets or in
drug and department stores.
Evening star., 1946-12-20
Revised Version
, the st. Louis Post-Dispatch

From the St Louis Post-Dispatch.
Each age writes in its own idiom.
Isaiah wrote that the nations shall
beat their swords into plowshares and
their spears into pruning hooks ="
From the uses put to war items now,
1t could be written, landing mats into
corncribs and hand grenades into chill
dren's banks"
The other part of Isaiah's prophecy,
that nation shall not lift up sword
against nation, neither shall they learn
war any more unfortunately seems to
apply still to some later era.