davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
: w. Bourke Cockron

The great Irish-American orator"
to whom Winston Churchill referred
IN his lecture" at Fulton, Missouri,
long was well known in Washington.
Both as member of Congress and
as a lawyer practicing in the Fed
eral courts, he played a notable
part in the National Capital scene.
But it is for himself-his distinctive
personality-that he is recalled with
appreciation by those who were
acquainted with him in his prime.
William Bourke Cochran was born
In County Sligo on February %,
1854. His schooling must have been
excellent since, by the time of his
arrival in New York at seventeen,
he was ready for the work that he
was to do in the world. Admitted
to the bar in 1876, he entered politics
as a spokesman for the Irving Hall
Democracy, faction opposed to
Tammany domination. The Wigwam
recognized his talents and cap
tured" him, as it was supposed, by
making him counsel to the sheriff
of New York County in 1888. His
first taste of Nation wide publicity
resulted from a speech which he
delivered in behalf of the nomination
of David B. Hill the following year.
He was elected to the House of
Representatives in 1886 and, except
for occasional defeats largely en-
countered because of his tempera-
mental independence, he remained
there until his sudden death on the
day after his sixty-ninth birthday
anniversary, March /, 1928.
Few of his contemporaries looked
so much the natural leader as Mr..
Cochran did. The Dictionary of
American Biography refers to him
as "a picturesque and commanding
figure : : tall, burly : with a
leonine head, deep-set eyes . a
mobile face containing some
thing Spanish" indicating Celti-
berian as well as Celtic ancestry.
His voice was magnificent instru-
ment, deep and resonant" and rich
with a brogue which gave IAN
exotic quality" to even his least
consequential utterance. To hear
him deliver a formal address was q
memorable experience. No man of
his epoch excelled him in eloquence.
His heart, too, was Tin the right
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08

that we should once more, accept Brit
ish initiative in world policy. There
was little or nothing in his speech
which suggested that most of Britain's
troubles have little to do directly with
Soviet relations. They have to do with
unrest in the British. the Dutch and
the French empires themselves.
In Egypt. Malaga, India, Indonesia,
Syria and Lebanon the trouble is with
the new demands of old subject peoples.
The war sharpened the unrest Of great
areas which seek some new form of
government more likely to lead to the
democracy and DIFFERENTIATION of
which Mr.. Churchill speaks so feelingly.
So far, the government Of Great Britain
has failed to take sufficient account of
this unrest. It has too often used old
and fruitless means of suppression by
force. In its efforts to maintain the
old status, Britain has neither well
coined our intervention nor has it come
to the UNO with a frank desire to in
troduce more international authority
over those countries that are half free
and half subject.
"
the authority exercised in past genera
lions is outdated now, that her position
is weakened not only by internal i'm
poverishment, but by an unrealistic
determination to hold the line against
obviously changed conditions.
No one wants to see the breakup of
the British Empire. It should stand for
all time as symbol of the influence
Of free men and free institutions. But
there are spots in the world where
readjustments must take place. Larger
measures of recognition must be given
to awakening sentiments of independ-
ence. Mr.. Churchill did not point out
that revived China wants not only
no Russian grabs, but also relaxation
OF British-made restrictions on its In
dependence What Britain needs and
what Mr.. Churchill failed to indorse is
British-made inventory Of British hold
ings and q broad effort to supplant the
rule OF empire with the rule Of law.
And in that reconsideration, the United
States might well be invited to Join.
Rsleassd b. the Associated Newspapers Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Britain'S Troubles
By Raym M0ley

winston Churchill, in Office or out, has
more influence in the United States than
any other foreigner. The application
of the term foreigner" to this man
seems, at first blush, an affront. He is
loved for his courage, respected for his
integrity and enormously respected for
his incompatible intellectual talents.
In his Westminster College speech he
was the Churchill we have known for
years-frank, resourceful, friendly and
profoundly British patriot. He hits
a popular note in this country at the
moment, because he voices, perhaps too
broadly, growing Impotence among
us with the postwar policies of Soviet
Russia.
Wholly aside from the rights and
wrongs of the many differences of opin-
ion between Russia and Britain, the
Churchill appeal reminds us, once more,
of the inevitability of American SYM
pathy and help for Britain in all her
critical moments. Those who believe
that this country will ever fail to back
up Britain if she is in danger need
only look back to the early years of the
last two wars. In both instances, the
President of the United States pro-
claimed neutrality. But the American
people refused to be neutral and ulti-
mately gave all they had to the defeat
of Britain's enemies. Every one old
enough to have passed through these
two periods must feel the same fatalism.
Ultimately, we will cast aside detach-
ment and help Britain.
r n 4
But we will also remember that Brit
ish policy and diplomacy in the events
prior to both wars left much to be de-
sired. Most Americans wish that, in
both cases, we had taken more active
part in the preliminaries. They wish
we had told Britain well before those
wars what we would support and what
we would not support. They wish we
had lent hand in the making of world
policies before the wars, because they
believe that, If we had given some real
istic intellectual guidance, we might
have saved ourselves the giving Of 80
much blood and treasure later on.
Something like the same situation
faces Us now, and Mr.. Churchill with
I'll his persuasive eloquencs suggests
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Cowboys Return

He stood upon the canyons rim; all his
toorld,
That he had thought forever lost, lay
there
BeloD him, the ranchhousc NTH blue
smoke cnrled
Halo-tDise, and to the eastward the
spare,
Lean hills, with rock-ribs shouting
through, old trails
Marked grazing land; like pins stuck
in map
Were distant cattle feeding; old fence
rails
Made PATCHWORK OF the land, and nom
the gap
Through Which the horses came Dns
open ,Dide.
Slo1Uly he tnped totodrd it, torcettin0
pain;
Tomorrow he ,oould fork his horse and
ride,
Splitting the blne-green mind aeros,
the plain.
The prairis's book had opened It's green
page,
Bringing the sight aud trnorance o.
fotperinD sage.
ALMA ROBSON HIdBEx.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Union SMASHING

The strike OF the United Auto
mobile Workers against General
Motors, now in it's 108th day, has
produced enough fantastic accusa-
tons, pro and con, to exhaust any
ones vocabulary. There has been
nothing more ridiculous, however,
than the charge by r. J. Thomas,
JAW president, that the National
Labor Relations Board has aligned
itself with the corporation in an
effort to Smash the union"
This strike was begun with con-
siderable fanfare, including an an
nouncement by the union that
General Motors, the giant OF the
industry, had been deliberately
singled out for the first trial of
strength. The plain implication was
that, once General Motors had been
forced to capitulate, the other auto
mobile makers would quickly fall
into line. Now, however, the tone
OF the union leaders is changing.
Obviously, they had not anticipated
a strike of such long duration, nor
trial of strength which would
impose such extreme hardship on
the rank and file of the union
membership. So the strike is now
being called lockout, and the cor
poration, having refused to meet in
full either the union demands or
the recommendations of the Pres
ident's fact-finding board, is accused
OF falling to bargain in good faith
and OF attempting to break the
union.
1t was these union complaints,
particularly that pertaining to the
alleged refusal to bargain in good
faith, that brought the NLRB into
the dispute. Whether there is any
merit in the union charges remains
to be determined. But there is no
need to withhold judgment as to the
righteousness of the union COM
plant against the NRB. The
charge is too silly to be taken seri-
ously, and it is not likely that Mr..
Thomas expected that any one would
take 1t seriously.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08

The Yalta Conference produced some
published agreements among the Big
Three, at least one secret agreement
covering the Kurile Islands-and not
few mistakes, the harvest OF which
we have already reaped.
One of these mistakes, 1t is reported
now. was committed by President Roose-
welt himself, either in a moment Of
weakness induced by constant Russian
pressure, or as part OF another secret
agreement, about which we have yet
to hear.
Because of 1t the American Govern
ment has become responsible for millions
OF occupation marks printed by the
Russians, fed into the stream of Ger
man finances, and now coming home
to roost in the American zone of Ger
many. ~
American legislative circles have the
story of how the Russians persuaded
Mr.. Roosevelt to give them the Ameri-
can-made plates with which we printed
occupation marks for our forces, and
il congressional investigation were
ever made of the subject the story could
be spread on the official record.
The tale Of the printing plates, as
related here recently, goes back to the
Yalta conferees' discussion of financial
affairs during the occupation OF Ger
many. One of the subjects on the agenda
for Mr.. Roosevelt, Prime Minister
Churchill and Premier Stain was the
exchange relationship between the
pound, dollar, franc and mark, with the
pound serving as the basis.
Mr.. Roosevelt made no secret Of the
fact that We were printing vast quanti-
ties OF occupation marks in preparation
for our entry into German territory
They were to be used for many purposes.
American troops were to be paid with
them, and in turn would pay for goods
and personal services received from the
Germans. If they wanted to send their
pay home they had to cash their marks
for dollar money orders The marks
were used, too, for official purchases in
Germany, and for paying the salaries
Of employees of the military government
both German and American.
The idea struck the Russians that,
instead of, engraving their own plates
for occupation currency, they could bor-
row the American plates. 1t is more
than likely, too, that they were not too
concerned about the possibility that the
marks they printed would flow into the
streams of occupation currency in the
American zone through the black
market and other avenues. II they were
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Arctic Muneuvers

The experimental exercises in the
vast Arctic and sub-Arctic spaces of
North America, in process of execu-
ton or in the planning stage. are
steadily expanding in volume and
Importance. These maneuvers, both
military and naval. are evolving un-
der the overall agreement of the
United States and Canadian general
stats. even when separately con-
Quoted by the armed forces of either.
The Canadian operation known as
Exercise Muskox" is well under way.
Aimed at testing out personnel en-
durance and the efficiency of all
types of equipment under conditions
of extreme cold, it is accompanied by
United States observers and techni-
clans. simultaneously, our Navy is
conducting Expedition Frostbite" in
the waters between Labrador and
Greenland. Headed by the big Navy
carrier Midway, the squadron is es-
pecially concerned with the opera
ton of airplanes under adverse con-
ditions of low temperatures and
Arctic storms. Furthermore, our
Army Air Forces are planning to
conduct extensive operations this
summer in Alaska.
The vital Importance Of the Arctic
and sub-Arctic to the defense of
both the United States and Canada
has become increasingly apparent to
the military and naval leaders of
both countries. This was given pub
lie expression last December when the
former air chief, General H. H.
Arnold, declared in a statement
made here in Washington that the
North Pole areas would be the stra-
tegic center of the next war. The
same idea has just been expressed by
Canadian correspondent discuss
ing Exercise MuskoX." He argues
that the use of long-range weapons
and the enormously enhanced radius
of aircraft have basically changed
the strategic shape of the world; so
that the Arctic regions, formerly
well-nigh inaccessible, have in
sense become the worlds crossroads.
This is why the remote and still
largely UNEMPLOYED Arctic regions OF
Canada. Alaska and Greenland are
being projected into the spotlight of
both professional military and pub
lie interest. With the international
picture so ominously uncertain it
can be generally agreed that the
maneuvers already initiated or
planned for the near future are
eminently timely and decidedly
worth while.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Looms to Britain

Considering that Canadians num-
bef only about 100000 as against
our population of over 100000,
Canada's grant of credit of 81 ESQ.,
100000 to Britain-though equal to
but third of the proposed Ameri-
can loan of $3.50, oO0, oO0-is proper
tionately much greater. Yet it has
been negotiated with little difficulty,
and parliamentary approval appears
to be certain.
AS member of the British Com
monwealth, of course, Canada has
what might be called a family inter-
est in extending this credit. But
apart from sentiment the King gov
eminent has taken the action as a
business measure embodying almost
precisely the same terms and condi-
tions as those attached to the Amer
lean PROPOSAL fact which makes
1t somewhat hard to understand how
some members of the House of Com
mons could cheer the Canadian ar
rangement yesterday while at the
same time criticizing the "humiliat-
Ing" nature of our projected loan.
Actually, the immediate purpose OF
both credit arrangements is to en-
able the United Kingdom to sur
mount its serious but temporary
financial difficulties which leave it
as a result of the war-incapable of
conducting healthy foreign trade.
Beyond that the long term objective
OF the loans is to promote freer in
ternational commerce in general.
Thus, as President Truman declared
few days ago, Britain was our
biggest prewar customer, but during
the war years it was forced to re-
strict its business more and more to
the empire and the so-called pound
sterling countries, and if it does not
get assistance from us now it will
have to intensity this practice, with
economic warfare resulting.
In the Presidents words, there
fore, the British agree
ment is not only good business" for
our own industry and agriculture
but also an important safeguard
against the danger of a trade war
undermining the economic stability
and peace of the world. To this end
1t calls for the removal or drastic
revision of such barriers as the en-
pire preference system so as to slim
ulate international commerce in a
way that will serve the best interests
not merely of Britain and America
but OF other nations as well.
The Canadians emphasize the
same point in connection with their
grant OF credit. The two loans. add
ing up to $5.OoO,OOO, 900, constitute
what bankers would call a good risk.
With them Britain can do much to
achieve financial equilibrium and to
promote better world, economically
and} politically. The alternative
trade warfare-is not pleasant to
contemplate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Letters to The Star
Readers Urge the Rebuilding
of Center Market

To the Editor Of The Star:
To many Washingtonians the fire in
the Center Market was a real tragedy
have dealt there for 80 years and my
parents traded with the parents of some
of the market men whom have patron
lied
Center Market had unique place in
Washington. 1t was possible to buy
things there that could not be purchased
in any other market in town. Often I
have taken out-of town guests there as
one of the show places of our city.
look forward to seeing the Center
Market rebuilt as soon as possible.
Please give the matter full publicity so
that we regulars may return to our ac-
customed market stands soon.
OLD SUBSCRIBER.
To the Editor Of The Star:
I am writing to ask you to lend your
every aid to have the old market at Sixth
street and New York avenue NV, re-
Gently destroyed by fire, restored shortly.
At this market one could purchase
everything that was needed for the
table. Many people Of the Northwest
section used it and all of us have missed
1t since the fire.
Please lend your aid and have the
authorities restore the building for
market purposes promptly.
MR.. AND MRS. P. A. LATIMER.
To the Editor Of The star
I already am realizing what great
loss the city has sustained in the de-
struction of the Center Market, and
am wondering if anything can be done
to hasten its reopening.
With so few large markets here and
with the smaller stores unbearably
crowded, the housewife has had an ex-
hausting task to keep her family in
good health through good food"
I for one am appalled, when I realize
that the market may not be reopened
for months. If at all.
THE Market" (the old Center Market,
later the new Center Market and The
Star have been traditions in our family
for 80 years. We would hate to lose
either of them. A SUBSCRIBER.
To the Editor of The Star:
Washington has suffered great loss
In the destruction of Center Market,
and it is hoped that no time will be lost
in rebuilding and re-establishing this
very splendid service to the citizens of
the District Of Columbia, Maryland and
Virginia.
Center Market is a real Washington
institution, part Of the sightseeing
program of many visitors to this city.
NJ BLOOM.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08

VI day automobile accidents In the
United States killed and injured
more Americans than did the enemy
on all our battle fronts. These appall-
ing facts cannot be brought home to
the American people too often or too
forcefully. Experience has shown
that persistent safety education pays
dividends in lives and dollars saved.
The Federal Government is in posi-
ton to exercise powerful leadership
in what should be a country
wide, continuing accident prevention
campaign.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08

A famine of hats has struck Eng
land, but fortunately the scarcity
occurs at a moment when quite a
few people are so busy scratching
their heads trying to think up a
solution to the Empires problems
that they have no need for bowlers
and fedoras.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08

place" He was a friend of.organized
labor and fought its battles with
success. To him more than to any
other individual was due President
wilson's Intervention in behalf of
Tom Mooney in 1918.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Opposes Loan to Britain


To the Editor Of The Star:
Is it fair to the American people, with
a war debt hanging over them which
must be met to preserve the solvency
of the country, to make a four billion
dollar loan to Great Britain after hav-
ing released her of a lease-lend debt Of
Is billions of dollars?
Why not call on Britain for bill OF
particulars of the investments she has
scattered throughout the world and in
sist that those funds be used for her re-
Mobilization in advance of extending any
credit at all to her
Only recently Britain offered to loan
100 million dollars to Russia, which
Russia spurned because she had asked
for 400 million.
1t savors of downright insolence and
ingratitude for a nation which has
called upon this country twice in rs
years to fight wars for her preserva-
ton to be seeking further financial
assistance from this country, when she
was the first of the debtor nations after
the First World War to repudiate her
Indebtedness to the United States.
Charity begins at home, where there
is poverty crying for better way Of
life. TAXPAYER.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Discusses Veterans Housing

To the Editor Of The Star:
One hundred and sixty-one men in
the House of Representatives completed
the emasculation of the Government
housing bill. Some of these votes
doubtlessly were cast by honest thinking
men, but suspicion turks in the minds
of many that venality, cajolery or coer-
cion were much greater factors.
Here Is the first striking example Of
legislative amnesia that will hit the
veteran squarely between the eyes,
1t is obvious that the returning vet
eran is the person who must take pot
luck on what little housing there is.
The conclusion is obvious that he will be
the chief sufferer either through pro-
longation of the housing shortage or
through its alienation by letting prices
seek their own upper level.
The political power Of $4,000 900 serv-
icemen and women has been a sleeping
giant to date, but it shouldn't take
much more provocation to bring the
giant to life K. G. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-03-08
Victim of Reconversion

V1Ct1m OF NtCOnVerSIOn
To the Editor of The Star:
A lass stood by the rivers brink, her
features wild, distorted. She stared in
anguish at the drink; twas plain that
death she courted.
"All hope is gone" the maiden cried,
Il have no wish to live" She leapt into
the foaming tide and vanished like
sieve.
You ask, What caused this dire Inn
passe-this episode 80 shocking?" No
other course remained, alas; she'd
snagged her last whole stocking!
RAY H. EVERETT.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-06-14
Lunch Boys Trim Dairy, 22-3;
PAL Downs HIS. Girls, rs

m uae fNt eame q . double
a night AZ Bayview
So PAL aeaFeanflon won
~ So Nah school Girls bv :
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~ bufh teams. Kerr
aA ka sac haaers with two
# "a feuf times and for the
- 4 nemerist hit two out
~
- th2 nala. Robgnsoa Cruz.
wNaH mma BumchnEI we're the
N@Nf aa8 aha taamxa and Gloria
= 80 DNmsaxlti foE TIE win
M#A
81 ta# meend gama. The Adams
k mm# wasiuped the Adams
is@ms 30 a. q Good field
M MsMsH and g. Valdez
go Aaneh boys Ia running
- ~ - tails.
fN8 kwmehmwm cllppaa three
@Aas wlashaHa fos rs hGas while
- ns@st SO paaFYmen could
sNtasE wes fnEes. Fleilas led
So vxteEs wita fhxes hits
wAaaV c.. Wal8an. LmafFes. Kerr
ere haMaauf hif fwo each.
M taH AalfFnen. 81 ViIlareal,
RI tHm ana inEFahsfn account
f wH eaEh.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-06-14
LUTHERAN CHURCH
TO WELCOME NEW
ASSISTANT PASTOR

Members of Grace Lutheran
church win meet. their new as
sistant pastor for the first time
at a reception following the
church service at 8 pm. Sunday
DeIwin B. Schneider of Mil
] waukee. Wis.,. student assist
! ant for the summer. win be
Introduced to the congregation
by the Rev. T. H. Fucker. pas
tor of Grace church.
Mr.. Schneider, graduate of
Concordia college in Milwaukee, 81
studying for the ministry at
Concordia Theological seminary
of the Lutheran church at St.
Louis. Beginning June % and for
the remainder of the summer he
will conduct Grace church's Sun
day school sessions at 9:45 am.
land divine services at IL am.
every Sunday.
The congregation is completing
plans to open a vacation Bible
school for children in few
weeks, also to be conducted by
Mr.. Schneider.