davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-30
u. S. Buildings Are No Match
For Atom Bomb, Report Finds

have been in the time of the deaths,
the report said Instead OF being
killed outright as were most OF
these victims, they would have sur
vived for few days or even three
or four weeks. only to die eventually
of radiation disease"
Reproduction Affected.
j Radiation also clearly affected
reproduction. although the civilian
experts said the extent has not
been determined. They reported
signs of an increase in sterility in
the Hiroshima and Nagasaki areas
are to be attributed to the radia-
ton All known cases of pregnant
women who were within 5000 feet.
of the explosions have had miscar-
riages, they added.
The report said adequate shelters
can be built to reduce substantially
the casualties from radiation, but
unfortunately no exact definition
OF the killing power Of radiation can
yet be given, nor a satisfactory ac-
count of the sort and thickness of
concrete or earth that will shield
people"
1t pointed out that at Hiroshima
persons in building 5000 feet from
| the bomb burst showed effects from
gamma radiation. while these pro-
tected only by wooden buildings at
similar distance suffered from
radiation disease
The civilian survey estimated the
Hiroshima casualties at 10000 to
10000 dead, with an equal number
of injured, and those in Nagasaki
at more than $4,000 dead and some
what more injured The Army CAL
culated $4,000 dead and $1,000 in
Iured in Hiroshima. with 80. 900 deaf
and $4,000 injured in Nagasaki.
Most OF the deaths were attributed
to burns.
Greater Havoc Possible.
These casualty rates" the civil
ian report said, 1T must never be
forgotten, resulted from the fl rst
atomic bombs to be used and from
bursts at considerable distances
above the ground. Improved bombs,
perhaps detonated more effectively
may we'll prove still more deadly"
In urging immediate protective
measures for America, 1t declared ::
"A wise military establishment
Evening star., 1946-06-30
Army Prepared 10 Evacuate
3 Towns in First Test
BY me Assecioisd Prsss

ABOARD U. S. s. APPALA-
CHAN, Bikini, June 2s.-An Army
onicer disclosed today that troops
stood by when the atomic bomb
was tested in New Mexico with
orders to evacuate wide area, in
cluding El Paso, Tex. Roswell and
Albuquerque, N NJ, If necessary to
protect inhabitants from radioac-
tivity
At that time, Col. Stafford War
rem, Pathological officer. explained
scientists did not know what might
happen after the bomb exploded.
They feared a radioactive cloud
might settle over inhabited areas
and were prepared for mass evac-
uation, he said
Col. Warren declared there was
a possibility the non-target fleet
would have to withdraw 50 to 100
miles from Bikini Lagoon if the
bomb were dropped at time when
winds were unfavorable.
IF we don't get weather as orig
inally planned" he said, "and If
wind direction at upper levels would
endanger ships. then the ships
especially the slow ones-may have
to withdraw as far as 100 miles to
insure safety of personnel"
He added, however. that this was
only slight possibility
Firearms were introduced into
Europe by the Mongols in the 18th
century
Evening star., 1946-06-30

. program laid down well in ad-
vance Of any possible crisis.
Such policy. 1t pointed out,
would enable timely decentraliZa-
ton of industrial and medical facili-
ties construction or blueprinting Of
shelters. and preparations for life
saving evacuation programs.
Since the science can be mar
shalled for the defense as we'll as
for attack, the survey felt there is
treason to hope" that protective
weapons and techniques will be i'm
proved. 1t doubted the ability to
guard adequately against surprise
or initial attack in view of the speed
and range of modern weapons. But
it counceled that realistic" plan
ming we'll minimize" the destruc-
tiveness OF such attacks. and so
organize the economic and admins
trative life of the nation that no
single or small group of successful
attacks can paralyze the national
organism"
Atom Bomb Has Limits.
Despite its "aVesome power, "
studies OF the atomic bomb has
shown that it has limits of which
wise planning will take prompt ad-
vantage. the report said
The most instructive fact at Ma
gaSaki was the survival, even when
near ground zero the point on
the ground exactly under the bomb
brst-of the few hundred people
who were properly placed In the
tunnel shelters. Carefully built
shelters. though unoccupied. stood
up well in both cities, and would
have protected them against any
thing but a direct hit.
The survival OF shattered sections
OF Nagasaki suggests forcibly the
use that can be made of irregular
terrain-rivers and parks affording
natural firebreaks and avenues of
escape. The Nagasaki bomb, the
more powerful, dissipated much of
its energy against hills, water or un-
occupied areas. while the Hiroshima
bomb, because of the different char
dCteIlSIlCS Oh Lne Guy. aCnleVeQ al
most optimum effect
All this illustrates the value Of
decentralization. the report stressed.
All major factories in Hiroshima
were on the periphery of the city
and escaped serious damage Those
in the valley at Nagasaki. where
the bomb exploded, were practically
destroyed
The study said the evidence from
Japan shows 1T is possible without
excessive expense to erect buildings
which will satisfactorily protect
their contents at distances of about
1000 feet or more from a bomb of
the types so far employed"
These buildings would diminish
Evening star., 1946-06-30


its
of
WphO
Evening star., 1946-06-30

the damage, it said. from even more
powerful bombs or near misses. II
estimated the extra cost at 10 to Is
per cent.
Building Suggestions Made.
Damage could be reduced, too
the report said, by eliminating COM
bustible materials. using masonry
for partitions, and avoiding use OF
glass, tile, or lath and plaster on
wood
The Army reported that the Hiro-
shima and Nagasaki bombing mis-
sions were carried out practically
letter-perfect, asserting:
In respect to the height Of the
burst, the bombs performed exactly
according to design. The bombs
were placed In such position that
Evening star., 1946-06-30

the Army reported, creating Are
storms" Of a wind velocity OF 40
miles per hour in Hiroshima, which
caused the deaths Of persons In the
perimeter who might otherwise
have escaped Steel frame build
ings suffered severe structural
damage" up to 5000 feet from the
center of the bomb blast.
The mortality per cent at various
distances ranged from SO per cent
up to 1000 feet to 1.3 per cent at
5000 feet.
Evening star., 1946-06-30

they could not have done more
damage from any alternative burst
ing point in either city, and the
heights Of the burst were correctly
chosen, having regard to the type
OF destruction 1t was desired to
cause"
In both cities the blast totally
destroyed" everything within a ra-
dius Of mile from the center of
the explosion. except for certain
reinforced concrete frames.
The fire damage was tremendous
Evening star., 1946-06-30
Painters Put Picture
Of Rita Hoyworth
On Atomic Bomb
BY fhs Ls.ocioted Pres,

bf nv AStociofed Sfess
KWAJALEIN, June 29.-Sci-
entists and engineers chris
tened the atomic bomb "Gilda"
today and three painters,
working from a photograph, re-
produced on the missile a re-
vealing likeness of Actress Rita
Haworth, wearing a low.
necked black evening gown.
HOLLYWOOD, June % CP).-
Actress Rita Hayworth. whose
portrait has been painted on
the Bikini atom bomb. feels so
honored, she said today, that
I still haven't come down to
earth"
Her studio received request
several weeks ago for pictures
of the actress and sent several.
Evening star., 1946-06-30

Firearms were introduced into
Europe by the Mongols in the 18th
century.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Ground Grabs Hit Public Links
Growth, LeoffIer Complains
BY WALTER McCALLUM.

s.. G. Leoff1er, boss of the local
public golf courses, doesn't like the
way things are going with proposed
curtailment of his public layouts.
Leoff1er's East Potomac courses
have undergone a face lifting job
which will make all three much bet
ter, but part of one of them may
go by the boards if the Office of
National Capital Parks goes through
with a plan to enlarge the tourist
camp in East Potomac Park.
The plan was to be discussed this
afternoon at the Interior Depart
ment. Course F, one of the three
existing llayouts in East Potomac
Park, would be affected by proposed
enlargement of the tourist camp.
Leoff1er also explains that five
acres of the proposed additional g.
hole course in Fort Dupont Park
have been taken from golf use. The
original plan at Fort Dupont was to
extend the course on the hill south
OF the present Anacostia layout.
Leoff1er says ground necessary for
completion of golf course, has been
removed from parks jurisdiction and
assigned to other purposes.
How are we going to prevent
overcrowding on the course we have
If they keep on taking land away
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Redskins Will Drop Cecil Hare,
Vet Back; Club to Visit Rams

tional went in fully prepared on all
phases of the transaction.
Dixie Loop Would Expand.
Charles (ChilD Walsh, Rams gen.
eral manager, said his team had not
requested the exclusion of other
local pro teams from the coliseum
The committees action puts the Los
Angeles All-America franchise in
jeopardy, leaving it only Gilmore
Stadium for home games, but this
field already is being used by the
Hollywood Rangers, who might be
granted priority in a showdown
battle for dates.
The Dixie League, now affiliated
with the National, will consider a
proposal to expand from six to eight
teams at its next meeting at Rich
mond February and 10, the Asso-
ciated Press reported today. Ed
Weingarten, representing Green's
boro, N. c., said plans for operating
Northern and Southern divisions of
the loop also will be discussed.
Greensboro has filed application for
a franchise and Roanoke, Va, is re-
ported willing to sell the one it holds
Dick Plassman, former Chicago Bear
star, is reported signed to coach
Greensboro, which has a working
agreement with the Bears. Raleigh
N. c., and Knoxville, Tenn. also are
reported seeking membership.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Basket Ball Scores
BY the Associated Press.

bS the ASSoclateo PresS.
Ess'Ga E1yoIa as =; cats5iis Ms5Y'snG. g.. 8: 8.
Pittsbnrgh 40; Geneva. s 81
AAllh2right. 63: "a Sale. 50
Bomhers. AS, ''' n'eioee'i
MMuhlenbers; 50: Pennsylvanis, A..
Carmen, AZ; Alliance Junior College.
svrscuse 81: Cornell. 45.
Union 66: Hamilton, 20.
Kuttzztown Teachers, 80; Elizabethtown.
Western MARYLAND, As: Dickireon, Al.
MasTi HirsInia FeaS Fis!S g. S. 1Hu0Sfn A. NJ H. IS as
Bainbridae Navy, 81: Camp Lee, "A
Nossfh csSolina, II: North Carolina
clsmson. g; Presbyterian. Is.
Honea Path Veterans. ~: Erskine. Is.
Johns Ec1nkins, 81 WASHINGTON Col
western Kentucky Teachers, As: VAN
B. Rsres "a, cellese, st, 81; :, Union ss;
tKyD, g., two overtime).
Michiean State. 40: Detroit u. IS.
IHsmline:- s.: Carleton: as
st. Thomas. 81: st. Mary's. 45.
North D9kota State. :;S: Moorhead. o5.
Kalsmazoo. 73; Muskegon Junior Col
Globe Trotters A.: Luther. 40.
indiana state. So. Evansville. 81
B9wline Green, ~. valparsiso. 40.
Otterbein. so: Denison. az.
Fort Warren. 3s: Buckley Field. 80
Utah State Aggies 40; Idaho Southern
Branch. 40. :
stanford. 30 San Mateo Merchant Ma
rines, SO.
Colgate. 81: Rochester, 43.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Duke Tough for Terps,
Who Bow 10 Virginia

Maryland's tossers, tuning up for
weekend home stand against
Duke tomorrow night and Hamp-
den-Sydney Saturday, hit fiat note
last night at Charlottesville and
bowed to a f1ashy Virginia, 48-45.
1t wasn't much encouragement for
the important Duke game, which
will have an important bearing on
the Terps' hopes of getting a South
ern Conference tournament bid. The
Blue Devils are undefeated in nine
loop games. Their only defeat was
a 57-5l setback by Norfolk NTS,
but this was reversed, 1922, in a
return game.
Coached by Gerry Gerard, former
Illinois star, Dukes attack is built
around Tom Cordell, 6-foot, 3-inch
Naval Viz trainee and a transfer
from Louisiana Tech. Cordell and
his playmates have established
themselves strong favorites to cop
the conference crown.
Maryland's Vic Turyn and Don
Gleasner racked up IL and II points.
respectively last night, but couldn' t
stop Virginia's Chuck Noe, who tai
lied II. Virginia led at the half,
28-18, but Turyn and Gleasner
spanked rally that pulled their
mates within three points of the
Cavaliers before the home team
froze the ball and ended the rally.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Lions Whip Falcons;
Want Tie PIayoffs

A request that all remaining tie
games at Uline Arena be settled by
sudden death playoffs was made to-
day by Owner Mike Uline as Wash
ington's Lions pointed for tomorrow
nights Eastern Hockey League
match with the Philadelphia Falcons
on Uline ice
Following three straight dead
locks here with the Baltimore Clip
pers, NeW York Rovers and Boston
Olympics, the Lions owner feels
that the fans would welcome play
off period, whenever transportation
arrangements permit it. Uline's re-
quest was wired to Tom Lockhart
the loop prexy.
The Washington skaters, 2-1 win
ners over the Falcons in Philadel-
phia last night, will be bidding to-
morrow night for their third straight
victory over Philadelphia and their
fifth match without defeat.
With Goalie Moe Roberts turning
In Al saves. many of them sensa
tional, Washington broke 1-all tie
last night at the 15-minute mark OF
the final period when Charley
Kraiger connected on an assist from
Don Webster. Clayton Lavell hao
opened the scoring for Philadelphia
IN the first period and the Lions
Ted Garvin knotted the count eight
minutes later.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Cardinals Look Good
In Losing 10 LoyoIa

1t isn't noticeable in the box score,
which shows Catholic us dribblers
dropped their fourth straight last
night in bowling to Loyola, 1923,
but it is evident that Coach Ben
zola is beginning to get results.
The Cards, for example, held the
overwhelmingly favored Greyhounds
to 1910 draw in the first half and
then surprisingly stepped out ahead,
1910. But then the old bugaboo,
inexperience, wrapped a half Nelson
around 'em and threw them.
1t was ample warning that GAL
laudet tomorrow night may have
more trouble than it bargained for
when it faces Zola's crew at Roose-
welt.
AL Barthleme paced the winning
attack with seven field goals. while
Frank McGrane, who played a
pang-up floor game for the losers,
also topped them in scoring with
points.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Bethesda Licks Blair
Tops County Quints;
Bulls Wins Again

Bethesda High has emerged as
the basket ball kingpin OF Montgom-
cry County after defeating rival
Blair High, 1929, at the University
OF Maryland last night, while among
the city fives, Central and Roosevelt
remain teams to be reckoned with.
Central knocked off st. Johns, &c.
%, at Catholic U. and Roosevelt
swamped St.'Anthony's, 40-9.
In other cage action yesterday
Bulls won No. 10 by defeating West
ern, $500, on the Red Raiders
court; Mount Rainier defeated Ma
tional Training School, 1924, on the
winners hardwood, and Bladensburg
invade Surratsville to score a 1923
victory.
Bethesdas Mackie Mcclure was
the big gun for the Barons, racking
13 points as his team ran up a 20-7
halftime lead over Blair and beat
off a fourth quarter rally.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
War, Grid Honors Paid
Old, New Tar Coaches

Meritorious service in war combat
and in the friendly strife of football
yesterday won added laurels for
Navy's outgoing and incoming head
football coaches.
At Annapolis, Comdr. Oscar E
Hagberg received the Bronze Star
Medal for "meritorious service" as a
submarine skipper in the Pacific. He
was cited for brilliant torpedo at
tack which resulted in the sinking
of 9,000-ton enemy freighter" in
l943 and in bringing his ship. the
Albacore. safely home although ii
was severely damaged in a bombing
attack. Vice Admiral Aubrey w
Fitch presented the award. accord
ing to the Associated Press.
At New York, the Touchdown
Club announced that Capt. Tom
Hamilton, who will succeed Hagberg
next month, has been chosen re-
cipient of an annual award for the
outstanding contribution to football.
Hamilton largely was responsible for
keeping the game alive during the
war, the club noted. The award will
be made at the organizations an
nual dinner in March.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
u. S. Women's Open Pin Event
Here Attracts Banner Field

while Marion Shipley will come
down from Frederick.
Portsmouth. Va, will send It's
three leading rollers in Eloise
Gumm, Irma Smith and Doris
Smith Leigh. Richmond, out to re-
gain its high national bowling
status which was interrupted by
the war. will send Edna Brockwell,
Margaret Crump, Helene Jett, Lucy
Leary, Mildred Lewis, Lois Clopson
Sadie Goodall, Ann Gibson and
Pearl Nicholson.
Virtually every Washington and
Baltimore star will be on deck
Their names are so well known
there hardly is need to repeat them
here. With 80 or more Baltimore
will have a substantial numerical
edge over the Capital.
The l0-game event will be rolled
in two five-game blocks at 2:3O
and T.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Harris Gets Okoy
For Hudson Bout

The District Boxing Commits
sion today reversed a previous
decision and approved Ossie
Bulldog Harris, Pittsburgh mid
dleWeight, as an opponent for
Cecil Hudson in the 10-round
boxing feature Monday night at
Uline Arena.
Harris appeared before the ring
board in an open hearing today
and agreed to make 160 pounds
for the bout in accordance with
the regulation that forbids
weight difference of more than 10
pounds between opponents in his
division. Harris weight edge
over Hudson. a California welter-
weight, caused his previous re-
lection.
The Pittsburgh boxer weighed
in at l65 on the commission scales
today and felt that he could
readily make the weight. Hudson
is expected to scale ISL.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
BY BEN McALWEE.

With a bevy of Connecticut S
foremost women duckpinners ex-
pected to make their first appear
ance on Southern maple lanes this
season and leading rollers from
Maryland, Virginia and North Caro-
lima helping to swell the. entry list,
which will include big Washington
and Baltimore squads, one of the
largest fields ever looms for the
18th annual United States Wom-
ems Open, TO be held Sunday at
Brookland Recreation.
Among the invading New Eng
landers aiming at the 5000 top prize
will be Mamie Mcdonnell of Bristol
Conn, 1943 winner; Flo Blackwood
and Bobby Smith of Stratford
Conn: Jo Marsh of Devon, Conn.
Flo Reynolds from Milford and
Irene Krasnak and Alice DLugo of
Bridgeport.
| Maxine Allen, North Carolina s
standout feminine pinspiller, prom
ises to be on deck. Hagerstown will
be represented by Hilda Edwards
Evening star., 1946-01-24
By LEWIS F. ATCHISON.

Cecil Hare, hard-hitting Redskin
back, was reported on the block to-
day as the Tribe continued whole
sale shakeup that may put an al
most brand-new team on the field
neXt fall. Hare also was reported
among those dickering with the rival
All-America Conference, but this
could not be confirmed.
Cecii, who with his brother Ray
was one of the mainstays of the
Skins 1912 championship club, ap-
parently is being crowded out by the
wealth of backfield material Coach
Turk Edwards will ride herd on next
season. He rejoined the team in
midseason last fall and, except for a
time when slowed by sore leg mus
cles, seemed up to his usual form
The word now is, however, that he'll
be sold or traded.
Tribe Has Coast Game.
The Redskins, meanwhile, will
share in the honor of introducing
big league pro football on the West
Coast in an exhibition game against
the champion Rams at Los Angeles
September 8. This was one of the
dates assigned the transplanted loop
leaders by the Memorial Coliseum
Committee, which yesterday granted
the Rams, Southern California and
U. c. L. A. exclusive rights to the
huge bowl, thereby freezing out the
new All<America Conference.
The Chicago Bears, Green Bay
Packers, Detroit Lions. Chicago Car
dinals and Philadelphia Eagles will
meet the Rams at the Coliseum in
regular league games.
Leonard j. Roach, chairman of the
Coliseum Committee, in discussing
the disposition of bowl dates, saio
the All-America had asked for con-
sheraton, but had not filed forma
written application, nor had specific
playing dates been asked The
league also did not discuss money
with the committee, while the Ma
Evening star., 1946-01-24
ANTerp Rule of Shanghai Tilt
Too Much for Scribe to Take

Col Joe Burger OF the Marine
Corps, rated one of Marylandis all
time tackles, told this one at the
banquet Tuesday night for the Old
Line grid squad.
Back in his early days in the
Marines he was stationed in Shang-
hal, China, considered a choice for
eign assignment because of its large
American and English population
and a place where sports thrived.
being backed by civilian organ
iZation.
Basket ball. boxing and baseball
flourished but only one football
game was played each year. A
really big time was made over that
lone contest and it was regarded as
a high honor to be chosen as an
official.
One night the sports editor of the
English newspaper in Shanghai
called up the then 1t. Burger and
Informed him that he had been
selected to referee the game and
queried him about his grid past.
Where did you play?" the re-
porter asked. University of Mary
land said Burger. What position
did you play?". Right tackle" was
the reply. What years did you
play?" was the next question, and
Burger answered from 1921 through
1924"
That's fine" said the reporter.
Maybe you can tell me something
about 1t. John Hough, who will be
the umpire" II guess I can,' said
Burger. He played right guard
alongside me during the years 1
have mentioned"
"Okay." said the scribe. do you
happen to know any thing about 1t.
Pat Lanigan. who'll be the head
linesman?" Sure" popped Burger
Evening star., 1946-01-24
Wistert, Eagle Tackle,
Also Signs as Scout
Ry the Associated Press

Ry the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. "a. Al
Wistert, one of the great tackles in
football, has signed a five-year con-
tract with the Philadelphia Eagles.
Wistert agreed also to act as a
West Coast scout for the Eagles.
NEW YORK. - John (Budd)
Brickley, son of the famous Harvard
field-goal kicker, Charley Brickley,
will make his pro football debut next
season with the New York Giants.
The 25year-old tackle is Ma
rine Corps discharge. He was an
all-around athlete at Dean Acad-
emy.
The Giants also announced that
Vic Carroll, veteran tackle, had
signed.
GREEN BAY, Wis.-Veteran Tao
kle Bill Lee and a newcomer, Stan
Kramer. high school end. have
signed contracts with the Green Bay
Packers.
CHICAGO, Jan. "a [P).-Pride Gra-
ham Ratterlee, 215-pound lineman
at Wake Forest the last three sea-
sons, is the 18th player to sign a
contract with the Chicago Car
dinalS.
Evening star., 1946-01-24
King Pins Roll Record
Game, Lose Match
To Pacing Hi-Skor

Swamped in the first two games
by the pacesetting Hi-Skor team
and forced three games behind in
the District League flag chase, the
second-place King Pin outfit vent
Its spleen in the final tilt last night
at King Pin with a 744 score, the
second highest game ever rolled in
the clty's clasSiest bowling circuit.
The King Primers pulled up two
pins shy of the leagues all-time high
of TAG rolled by Bethesda Bowling
Center No. team two months ago
at Silver Spring. Moe Meade led the
blast with 18l. Bob Miciotto raped.
ou, $50, Bill King, 154; Lindsey
Stott, 1875, and Eddie Thompson, l24.
King Tailed 426, Meade Alb and
Miciotto 408. Hi-Skor handily won
the first two games with 633 and 666
as Sam Simon led with 1896.
Hyattsville gained third place over
Temple by trimming the champion
Northeast quint, 2-1. Gordon Rems-
burg's triple strike in the last two
boxes nipped Temple in the first
game. His set was 420. Ray Watson
fred 405 for Temple.
Henry A. Wilson, Silver Springs
62-year-old ace. shared the limelight
with l57-407. his second straight
400 set. But despite his lusty pin
spilling. the suburban auint dropped
two games as GPO counted 648 and
633 in the first two.
Joe Harrison popped 405 as Be-
thes6a No. l tripped Colonial Viii
lage, 81. His brother Paul led with
1873 and 378 as Fort Davis beat
Greenway, 2-1. Meyer Weinberg's S
LAT and goo gave Chevy Chase Ice
Palace a 2-l edge over Columbia
Clarendon nicked Bethesda No. In
the odd game Brookland edged
Lucky Strike, 2-l.
Bub Guethler, Lucky Strike, with
42l, zoomed his top average over the
1913 mark. BIN.