davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-02-19


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The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-02-19

The Pacific coast region has
the heaviest forests in the United
States. @s
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1946-02-19
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Evening star., 1946-03-20
This Changing World
By Constantine BrO,Dn

ton efiiciently in time of peace to pre-
vent any surprises, we consider such
actions as unethical and unworthy of a
great nation and neglect them alto
gether.
The British, the Russians and the
French have permanent organizations
which are working in the four corners
of the world. They have long tradi-
ton which adapts itself without effort
to new world conditions. We have been
and are continuing to be even now
amateurish in matter which the few
who realize its importance regard as be-
ing as vital as physical military pre-
paredness.
With the exception of the FBI-
whose intelligence work is only Incl
dental to other activities for which this
organization was created-there is no
continuity in the Army and Navy in
telligence services. The newly created
centralized intelligence" is in its in
fancy and nobody knows yet how efici-
ent it will be.
Neither do these services, including
the FBI, receive any encouragement to
clean up the fifth column which is re-
liably reported to be endeavoring to
'termite" the security of this country.
Stories have been written in various
publications and denunciations have
been made from the floor of Congress
about the many political saboteurs who
are active In government Offices in in
dustry and in practically all walks of
Americas national life. These stories,
while they may be true, cannot be sub
Stantiated unless the responsible coun-
ter-intelligence services are given the
go ahead signal, as has been the case in
Canada, to pick up the ring leaders and
bring them to book.
While Canada decided, when its ma
tional security became endangered to
face Russia's wrath and bring before
the courts it's citizens who have been
betraying their country, our own ad-
ministration has been most careful to
avoid such friction.
According to those in the know there
are thousands of political termites
working actively and freely throughout
the United States Some are gathering
vital information, which they pass on
to the regular agents. Others have the
assignment of befuddling the people.
The government is said to be salts
fled with the knowledge that they exist
and that their whereabouts are known
But no action has been taken in the
past for fear Moscow might become
offended
1t is safe to say that the gravest con-
Germ Of the nuclear American intelli-
gences services at this time is not our
depleted military force but the activi-
ties of those who for theological or other
motives serve as agents of a foreign
power.
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Our Mediterranean Interest
BY Raymond Moley

Mr.. Churchill's speech at the big New
York dinner in his honor was a severe
test for major statesman. Those who
attended came with immense good will
and admiration for The man. Their
admiration led to almost unreasonable
expectations. AS an eyewitness at the
occasion, 1t seemed to this reporter that
Mr.. Churchill could have met this climax
in one Of two ways. He could have put
forward some new and unusual sugges-
tions for cementing an Anglo-American
front or he could have been frankly
reminiscent of the glorious past. In the
second Of these possible offerings, his
Incompatible oratory and the real unity
which he achieved with us in 1910 would
have been most effective.
Mr.. Churchill did neither of these
things, however In substance, he added
very little to his speech in Missouri.
Most concrete were his remarks about
the Dardanelles. Russia, he said, should
have free passage, but no Notifications
on the straits.
This brings up one of the major issues
which the United States should soon
make its policy clear. What essentially,
are our interests in the Mediterranean
They are important and easy to define
l. We are directly interested in the
shortest sea route to the Middle East
and to certain sections Of the Far East.
We are, therefore, interested in having
the Suck Canal under control on which
we can confidently rely. We are inter-
ested in having the sea route from Gil
braltar to Suez reliably held. We are
Evening star., 1946-03-20

also concerned In keeping Greece at
least neutral between the Russian and
British spheres of influence. With this
in mind, perhaps, We are preparing to
help Greece with a loan quite out of
proportion to her size and economic
Importance.
2. We are also interested in a reliably
held control of the Dardanelles. That
means access by us, as we'll as by Russia.
The actions OF Turkey in the recent war
are now fully known. Turkey was we'll
paid for friendship, not only by regain
ing territory lost after the first World
War, but, later, by lend-lease from the
United States. But Turkey did a
profitable business with Hitler and also
permitted German ships to slip into the
Black Sea. There Is basic need to
see that the Dardanelles, by mutual
agreement. should never again be closed
to Russia, to Britain and to the United
States. To leave control exclusively to
Turkey would mean unending intrigue
by the great powers with and within
Turkey
Russian claims for former Italian
colonies can be dismissed as trading
talk. The Soviet's real need is access
to the Mediterranean and, in a free
world, that ought to be satisfied.
The United States can well insist on
frank and open settlement of the
Mediterranean problem on the basis OF
common recognition of freedom of the
J use Of Suez and the Dardanelles. The
sooner this is cleared up the sooner
the Big Three can 60 on to other
Russian claims.
released BY Associated Newspapers. Ine.l
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Conudu's Fifth Column

OF special interest to the United
States is the latest of the revelati
in Canada's spy hunt-a hunt which
already has resulted in the arrest of
a Parliament member and other
prominent Canadians and which has
strained relations between Canada
and the Soviet Union. Prime Minis
ter Mackenzie King now has in
formed the House of Commons that
the investigation of Russian espi-
onage has disclosed "a kind of fifth
column" in Canada and that the spy
ring was using Canada as base for
securing information from the
United States and Great Britain.
Almost simultaneously London dis
patches told of the arrest of British
scientist who had worked on atomic
energy research in Canada during
the time of the leakage of vital mill
tary data into Russian diplomatic
channels, and who, according to
Major General Leslie R. Groves.
probably obtained general knowl-
edge" of the atomic bomb while
visiting at Chicago University.
While it is disquieting to read of
the scope of the espionage operations
in Canada and to know that some
highly secret atomic and other data
apparently have found their way to
Russia, it is not surprising to learn
OF the existence of a Russian "for-
eign intelligence" organization in
Canada. Most great powers, except
the United States, maintained elabo-
rate espionage systems in other
countries prior to the war, and we
are now planning a postwar foreign
intelligence setup of our own. What
is alarming to Canadian government
officials is the fact that the foreign
agents allegedly were able to secure
the cooperation of so many persons
relatively high in the councils of the
dominion. Some of those under ar
rest are reported to have admitted
oAASAA' NS%AAAA6o "4tA1 C1lC 1Cll1dlh LlldL
they had loyalties that superseded
their obligations as Canadian citi-
zens. Where these other loyalties lay
was not disclosed.
It may be that the fifth column"
IN Canada chose our northern neigh
Dor as a base for operations in this
hemisphere because it's members
found the going easier above the
border. Spies have had rough time
OF it in the United States since the
development, prior to World War II,
OF an efficient counterespionage di-
vision within the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. Before the FBI be-
came proficient in this field, and es-
pecially in the First World War era
foreign agents had a veritable field
day in this country. The Canadian
spy case indicates the need for main
tanning constantly vigilant coun-
terespionage organization in time of
peace as well as war.
Evening star., 1946-03-20

negotiations have obviously sue
ceeded. Moscow possibly has been
motivated by desire to gain Danish
good will at slight expense, since
Russian control OF the Baltic is al
ready so decisive that the retention
OF Bornholm as Russian base would
add little to its preponderance. In
cidentally, it should be remembered
that relations between Denmark and
Russia have been traditionally good.
Moscow Is thus following a histori-
cal precedent by its present action.
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Franco Replies


The Spanish government of Cen
eralissimo Francisco Franco has
come out with its answer to the re-
cent United States White Book re-
vealing the character and extent of
Francois relation with the Axis dur
ing World War II. This reply" to
American charges comes in the form
OF a 5,000-word document issued by
the Spanish Ministry of Foreign At
fairs.
Acting obviously on the theory
that the best defense is vigorous
counterofensive. the Franco Foreign
Ministry starts out with fiat denial
that Spain "was compromised with
the nations of the Axis" and asserts
that "the conduct of Spain toward
the United States during the war
and postwar years has been ire
proachable."
A textual study of the document
fails to reveal factual support for so
sweeping statement. Instead, there
is a mixture of. Especial pleading, such
as a contention that what the
American White Book terms "se-
cret protocol between the Spanish
and German governments" was not
formal protocol" but simple act
consequent on the German sale of
arms to Spain which "lacks all i'm
portance." The report of German
Ambassador Dieckhoff to his home
government discovered by us in the
captured German archives is termed
merely subjective Interpretation"
while this and other such documents
are "one-sided.", Furthermore, only
two of the German documents cited
in our White Book refer to the period
during which the United States was
a belligerent-though why this
should have anything to do with
the matter of Spanish collaboration
with the Axis, deponent saith not.
After a series of Objections of
general character" to our White
Book, followed by a long list of mat
ters allegedly showing how "Spain's
benevolence toward the Allies was
accentuated from the first moment
of the entry Of the United States
into the war;" the document makes
countercharges of American espi-
onage activities, characterized as
"subversive," in Spain itself and in
Spanish Morocco. No details are
given to support this charge, though
the document states that official
complaints made to our Government
in the matter, dated in September
and October of 1943, are on file in
the Spanish Embassy in Washing
ton. More specific is the charge of
plan for an invasion of the Iberian
Peninsula, prepared by General G.
Strong" early in 1914, and proposed
to the other Allied nations.
The document intimates subse-
quent publication of additional Sc
cret papers from the Spanish ar
chives, but does not indicate their
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Investigating the 'Bross'

Many officers of both services
have been impressed with the need,
as expressed by criticism during the
war from enlisted men, of an orderly
sitting and examination of the
causes of ill-feeling against officer
personnel in both Army and Navy.
One point on which there is sub
stantial agreement is that some of
the traditions of the regular, pro-
fesSional Army and Navy become
out of place in military organiza-
tion made up largely of men drafted
from civilian life.
The decision to conduct inquiries
within each service into these
criticisms is a most commendable
one. There has been lot
of talk about officer cliques, ia
voritism and other abuses in the
armed services during World War II.
Much of the criticism has appeared
in the "gripe" columns of Army
newspapers. Some of the talk and
some of the published articles have
been loose and irresponsible. Others
have cited facts and conditions
which have not been disputed and
which seem, on their face, to merit
investigation and correction. OBJ
servers have noted with interest that
the criticism of officers appears to
be less prevalent in combat branches,
where officers and men are COM
PEELED by circumstances to share the
same rigors and dangers in close
personal association.
The dividing line between disci-
pline and unreasonable exercise OF
authority is not always easy to draw.
The forthcoming inquiries can throw
light not only on abuses of authority
but on problems of discipline. And
they can render a further service by
making it plain that while few off,
GERS undoubtedly were inept and un-
fitted for their responsibilities, many
of those with brass on their hats do
not deserve the opprobrium which
brass hat" has come to connote.
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Bumboo Tree

Bitter iuind sWays the single bamboo
tree
And green leaUes make ne,D shapes
on the udH
Which bombs haze torn. It's shadoUs are
Brush-strokes OF beauty. Snotp clinos
in silDer fall
To each branch and the iuory-hard stem,
And i1inter and summer are as one,
The Chinese say the bamboo speaks to
them,
Louder than bursting bomb or noisy
Here Is green for lite, the bamboo savs.
AltDdys green in spite of ic;nter storm
Which snaps no trunk, though the tall
tree bends,
So their philosophy is in this form:
Though tnDnstons still bring irinter.
sorr01D,
China tctl not break today, nor vet
tomorrow!
ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1946-03-20

One OF my colleagues inquired Won
deringly in a column the other day, rs
it possible that we may be drifting into
a new Dark Ages?"
suppose the people around the year
400 were asking the same question, for
it is characteristic that We cannot read
the meaning of our times until it effects
us. intimately and personally.
We are in a new Dark Ages. We are
in 1t up to the neck The question is
whether there are sufficient remnants
Of civilization left to re-create order and
security or whether the anarchy that
has swallowed most Of civilization al
ready will become universal, to the point
where the whole world is given over to
armed gangs, and no mans property or
life is safe anywhere on the globe.
Technology is not civilization, nor is
science necessarily its handmade. Auto
mobiles, gadgets, and atom bombs are
not civilization The night of the
goth century Dark Ages is noisy
with the whirrings of machines; human
ingenuity has reached Himalaya peak
Of achievement. But mankind is in the
depths of horror and despair, and every
new invention glares at him with the
terrifying visage of a Frankenstein de-
stroyer.
Civilization is social integration: 1t is
a system of rights and obligations so
universally accepted that men take it for
granted. 1t is a complex of codes and
standards, written or unwritten, within
which persons are conscious of a con-
tinuity with the past and prospect of
the future; a condition in which men
know what they may legitimately expect
as the result of certain actions and on
what support they may legitimately
depend. Civilization is the rule of law.
and law is but the codification of
standards. To live in civilization is to
live in a society where actions are re-
ferred to standards. The absence of
standards is barbarism and barbarism
is the description of our world-in
greater or less degree of every part of it.
We have just gone through a world
war in which, for the first time in GEN.
turtles, no limits were placed on its OBJ
1ectlves or upon the manner of waging
1t. Unquestioned even was the very
concept OF total war. During it the
prospective victors made a series of
agreements, the chief characteristic of
which was the total absence of any
justification whatsoever in reason.
frontier is drawn here according to
ethnographical principles and there in
defiance of all ethnographical prin-
ciples; Preparations" are collected from
ally and conquered enemy alike, and in
the form Of pure and simple loot, of
individual persons and even by and for
Evening star., 1946-03-20
Two Slonts on infection

From the Chicago Daily News.
AS soon as ships are available. the
French, we are told, will be shipping us
100000 cases of brandy, millions of
bottles of champagne and millions of
dollars worth of perfumes, lingerie,
Paris fashion creations, scarves, stock
ings, fur trimmings and other things
to delight American women.
Devaluation of the franc makes these
exports possible because, with lower
French prices. Americans can buy more
French goods. That's one way to look
at it.
The headline on a Paris dispatch in
recent Daily News by Paul Scott
Mowrer reads. mo Meat, No Wine in
Paris" That's evidently another way
to look at it.
AS devaluation of money is merely a
disguised wage cut, Frenchmen can buv
less OF their own production if foreigners
can buy more because of money saving
No matter how thin you slice it, chean
money is still the baloney for producers
Only parasites profit eventually from
inflatio
Evening star., 1946-03-20

Military and political espionage in
europe Is as old as diplomacy itself.
After the first World War, actual mill
tary or "operational" espionage was rel
egated to a secondary role because of
the great change In the tactics of war
fare, and political espionage rose in
Importance by leaps and bounds.
1t has branched out to every phase
In the life of country which is con-
sidered potential enemy"
The latest form 1t adopted a few
years before the second World War
was the fifth column, which aimed at
demoralizing the civilians, organizing
strong sabotage organizations within a
nation and corrupting officials of all
ranks either with the lure OF actual
cash or with new ideologies
Frances defeat in 1910 has been at
tributed to the fifth column by those
who know the inside of that tragedy.
Several years before the outbreak Of
hostilities the fifth column did a le-
markable work. 1t made deep inroads
in the army by wrecking the morale
OF the soldiers and officers, obtained
for the enemies of France secret mobili-
zation plans and data on whatever new
weapons-particularly new types of air.
planes-the country's engineers were
designing. German agents managed to
check French aviation production by
bribery in the highest places and
through the French Communists who
staged sitdown strikes and sabotage in
key industrial plants.
The widespread modern Intelligence"
differs from the old fashioned espionage
not only through its new and varied
activities but also by the fact that
embassies keep their hands clean" The
diplomatic and the officially credited
military, naval and air attaches never
have anything to do with the various
agents who communicate directly with
certain centers in their homeland. This
is probably the most delicate problem
of modern intelligence. Since it is diff
cult for government in peacetime to
keep close cheek on hundreds of thou
sands of individuals-many of whcm
are its own nationals-the counter in
telligence officials concentrate on pos
tai, telegraph and telephone transmits
sions.
Russia is the only known country
which today has broken the gentle
mans agreement" and has been using
its diplomatic mission in Canada for
espionage purposes.
The United States probably is the
most backward nation in the world so
far as espionage is concerned. We i'm
provise this vital function while we are
in shooting war" and rush to dis
mantle it as soon as the enemy has sur
rendered. While the European powers
have old and tried intelligence and
counter -intelligence services which func-
Evening star., 1946-03-20
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

individual persons and firms. Not only
nations but whole social classes are
hunted as "Fascists,'' without the slight
est regard to their individual allie
giances; millions are forcibly uprooted
from ancestral homes and lands. and
jammed in concentration camps or set
wandering without sustenance or desti-
nation.
Governments" are created by leaders
Of armed gangs, and are thereafter
maintained by private armies like the
Landsknechte of the Middle Ages; diplo-
macy takes the form of expletiyes hurled
from public platforms or through the
private press of self-appointed fuehrers
governing the bodies and souls OF men
by pure whim.
Strikes are called, entailing cruel dep
rivations for tens of thousands and
suddenly ended because its leaders be-
come suspicious of each others ambi-
tions: a labor leader member of a city
government threatens to paralyze a
metropolis to achieve political deci-
sion; organized mobs seek to influence
the most important policies by chanting
slogans in the streets.
A traitor to his oath of citizenship
claims a higher loyalty" to another
state: labor leader sentenced for con-
tempt of court is hailed as a martyr
and poses for his photography; great
companies plant networks of agents
within our Government to work fol
private ends. A world organization j.
launched in the atmopshere of a night.
club, and greeted with rapture, although
it contains neither the ingredients fol
creating, adjudicating or enforcing
equal law.
Great armies are disbanded In re.
sponse to public clamor before the aim.
for which the dead perished are ever
in sight.
At the end Of peoples war" it il
proposed to hold a peace conference
in. secret, presumably because the ne.
gotiations could not bear the light o
day.
In a barbarous world the barbarie
are best fitted to survive, as the savage
alone can survive in the jungle Civil
zation has already capitulated to bar
harism by default of its own standards
1t will capitulate further, for it has
lost its morale, i.e.. its morality That
the morality and the civilization sur
vive in millions of individual persons
is beside the point. 1t is they who are
the outcasts of the age, not its directors
and even they are without the will to
responsibility and control.
AS in that other Dark Ages, they are
fleeing into ivory towers, feeling them
selves helpless to be more than chron-
iclers and observers of the disintegrat-
ing age.
released by The Bell Syndicate Incl