davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-05-02

So far as China proper is concerned
this seems to have worked satisfactorily,
but something has gone wrong in Nam
churia, and the fat is in the fire again.
1t Is not easy from this distance to
tell just what has gone wrong, but one
tnlng Is clear: The military situation
IN Manchuria has changed to the ad-
vantage Of the Communists, and as a
result they are demanding that this
change be reflected in a new "agree.
ment." How the change came about
is another matter.
There is some mystery about the sud-
den recrudescence of Communist mill
tary power in Northern and Central
Manchuria in the wake of the Russian
evacuation. 1t had been supposed that
the Communists were not especially
strong In those areas, and the Nation
allst troops were not expected to meet
serious difficulty in taking over from
the Russians.
Yet, now We find the Communists in
= full control Of Changchun, or Harbin,
and according to late reports, of
Tsitsihar, apparently able to offer Sc
rious opposition to the advance of the
well-equipped Nationalist 1st Army,
It remains to be seen, as the central
government moves to Nanking, whether
negotiations there can be resumed in
more hopeful atmosphere and whether
General Marshan's great authority and
great gifts of character and ability can
overcome these new obstacles. There
are those who are hopeful.
= There are those who say that the
Communists are not interested in an
agreement, but only in gaining time.
There are those who say that Chang
Kai-shek's real purposes are inconsistent
with peaceful settlement.
At any rate, it is clear that military
considerations are having and will con-
tinue to have decisive bearing on the
final result. In China a. elsewhere In
the world, the forges are not yet heated
for the beating of swords into plow
shares.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Mendinq Pasture Fence

On sunny mellow days in early
May when the soil is still too wet for
plowing and last years crop land is
too soft for hauling dressing, the
countryman plans two or three days
for getting the pasture fences in
shape for the season. theoretically,
a fence ought to be SO made that it
will last a good many years without
repairing. And when it comes to
the close of its span, it ought to go
to pieces all at once-like the famous
"one-hoss shay"
Practically, however, it does not
work out that way. Seems as though
there are spots each season that
need mending. 1t is pleasant, un-
hurried work, and truth to tell,
man rather looks ahead to it. After
chores are done in the morning, he
takes ak, hammer, nails and wire
cutters and starts around the pas
ture. Perhaps the pasture bar
way has to be fixed-a new post or
a new bar, but the real work Is
Tightening wires, new braces for
corner post, or lifting rock back
in place.
The kind of work depends upon
the fence. In some areas when old
weather -grayed walls make cross
work quilt pattern of stitching on
the landscape, common practice
is to run one strand of wire along
the top of the wall, nailed to slender
posts that lean over the wall at an
angle. In other areas, there are
zig-zag rail fences and bracing
posts in the angles OF the wooden
chains need replacing. Still other
farms are fenced entirely by wire
and the farmer uses wire puller
to make things shipshape. Mending
fence is not a spectacular major
operation, but on spring day when
earth is stirring and one can feel
the awakening of the land, it is
satisfying work.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Palestine-despite the report of the
nglo-American Committee of INQUIRY
continues to remain major problem
IN international affairs. The report of
the Joint Committee. an exhaustive
affair OF $4,000 words, is in no way final.
Its proposals must be Accepted by the
governments of the United States and
Britain, II they are to become effective,
as a starter. They have been assailed
by both Jew and Arab.
Nevertheless the report and its rec
concentrations, representing as they do
a compromise, constitute a foundation
from which something may grow in the
future. This, for example, is the opin-
ion OF Representative Sol Bloom of
New York, chairman of the House For
eign Affairs Committee. It is appar-
emily the view also of President Tru-
man, who commented favorably on the
agreement contained in the report for
the immigration of 100000 Jews into
Palestine and what constitutes an abro-
cation of the British White Paper of
1889, which had the effect of choking
of Jewish immigration.
Neither the Jews nor the Arabs are
satisfied with the report. II the plan
is carried out, it means there will be
no Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine
the desire of the ardent Zionists here
and abroad. The committee report re-
jects 'once and for all the exclusive
claims of Jews and Arabs to Palestine. ="
There is to be no domination of the
country by either, and the form of gov
ernment which eventually is set up must
fully protect the interests in the Holy
Land Of Christendom, of Jewish faith
and OF the Moslem faith. For the pres
ent, the country is to remain under
the mandate which Britain holds, grow
ing out of arrangements made at the
close OF the World War. The plan,
however, calls for a trusteeship under
the United Nations Charter, which is
to continue definitely-certainly un-
til the population is able to adopt self
government and independence.
The Arabs, for their part, are aroused
over the prospect of the entry into
Palestine of 100000 Jews This, how
ever, is so far short OF the 1,500, 600 Jews
who. it is alleged, are ready to 60 to
Palestine from Europe and the East
that it appears to doom 1,400, 900 Jews
to suffering and many of them to
death. For the committee frankly re-
ports that there seems no place in Eu-
rope or elsewhere for these displaced
Jews to go. To put it another way,
the Zionists insist that If the proposals
are indeed carried out, they will mean
Evening star., 1946-05-02

salvation for 100000 and death for L.
100000 So the ZioniSts are urging that
the report be repudiated; that it falls
far short of what the people Of America
have urged be done.
Representatives of the Zionist organi-
cations are charging, too, that the whole
thing smacks Of British plot to keep
colonial grip on Palestine as a mill
tary base In the East. Still others COM
plain that the British are maneuvering
to get the United States involved in
the Near East and Middle East and in
a position of support for British poll
cles in that part of the world-all look
ing to the protection of the British
empire by the power and influence of
the United States.
1t is clear from the statement made
to Parliament by British Prime Minis
ter Attlee that the British intend to
go slow, about lowering the bars to
Jewish innmigration-to the extent Of
100000 new immigrants-until they
learn just how far this country is ready
to go in helping to meet the situation
which will be created in Palestine. They
want some guarantee from Uncle Sam
that he will play his fun part, both
financially and militarily, if it becomes
necessary, to deal with the Palestine
situation and the maintenance of peace
there.
Representative Emanuel Celler of
New York is bitter in his condemna-
ton OF the joint committee report.
one would never suspect, on reading
its report, that the purpose of this
committee had been to find solution
to the plight of European Jewry," he
commented. Not only are the 100, 1000
new immigrants a small part of the
Jews who need refuge, but the report
contemplates mere trickle of $4,000
or so more Jewish immigrants per year
in the future.
The British members of the Joint
committee finally came around to meet
the demand made months ago by
President Truman that 100000 addi-
tional Jewish immigrants be allowed into
Palestine. The critics of the report
say, however, that this is merely a ges-
ture on the part of the British, SOD
to Mr.. Truman and the Jews.
To make the situation still more
cloudy, Arabs are threatening now to
look to Soviet Russia for help-if the
British and Americans undertake to
compel the entry of 100000 Jews into
Palestine. Indeed, they are saying the
joint report is throwing the Middle East
into Russian arms. None of this will
hurt the feelings of the Soviet Union, It
may be right down its alley.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Report on Palestine

TdleSIiue mas Deen apCly termed
"The TooMuch-Promised Land"
The phrase expresses the basic prob
lem that has recently been investi-
gated by the Joint Anglo American
Committee of Inquiry, whose report,
massive in volume and exhaustive in
content, has just been given to the
public.
Perhaps it's innate objectivity is
best attested by the fact that the re-
port is critically regarded by all the
chief parties Immediately concerned.
The Arabs are furious over its pro-
posal Immediately to admit the 1O0,-
600 refugee Jews now in European de-
tention centers. The Jewish Agency,
speaking for the Zionists, deplores
its failure to recognize the prin-
ciple of future Jewish state. And
the tone of comment in British off,
cial circles is doubtful concerning
the carrying on of mandate duties,
even for a time, with which Britain
is fed up as the power solely re-
sponsible. 1t is evident from Prime
Minister Attlee's remarks in the
House of Commons yesterday that
Britain looks to the United States to
share the responsibility-with men
and money.
The gist of the report is contained
In three basic pronouncements
which read as follows: "(1) That
Jew shall not dominate Arab and
Arab shall not dominate Jew in
Palestine; (2) that Palestine shall
be neither a Jewish state nor an
Arab state; CD that the form of
government ultimately to be estab-
lished shall, under international
guarantees, fully protect and pre-
serve the interests in the Holy Land
of ChriStendom and of the Moslem
and Jewish faiths" And, with de-
iberate emphasis, the report de-
clares: Palestine is a holy land,
sacred to Christian, to Jew, and to
Moslem alike; and because it is a
holy land Palestine is not, and can
never become, land which any
race or religion can justly claim as
its very own"
1t is precisely the interest of
Christendom in Palestine that has
been too often obscured or omitted
in all the polemics that have been
waged between Jews and Arabs. Be-
sides pointing out this vital factor
In the problem, the report deals
with many practical aspects such as
the need for economic development,
educational and social advancement
OF all elements, and general rails
ing OF living standards.
So complex and far-reaching a
program can be effected only by
international action and control,
which makes Palestine eminently a
subject for the United Nations or
ganlzation in nearly all its activi-
Ties. Only by that method and in
this spirit can one of the most vex-
Ing and inflaming problems of the
contemporary world be dealt with
ana, ultimately, solved in construc-
tive fashion.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Letters to The Star
Wants Good Weekend Movies
For IMAGINATIVE Children


For Imaginative Children
To the Editor of The Star:
Maybe when you read this you'll say
or rather think I'm just nobody. Well.
maybe am to the world but to my
family am not.
Every Saturday and Sunday look
through the movie sheet trying in vain
to find one picture suitable for my two
boys, age 3 and years. But, alas, there
are no movies fit for children to see
either day.
If the theaters do happen to have
nice cowboy picture, then they have to
stick something like Fear" or Three
Strangers" or Horror Night" right
along next to it.
I don't know about any one else's
children but mine wake up in the night,
scared to death, dreaming about
murderers.
Why don't. the exhibitors bring back
some Of those good pictures, such as
"Bambi," Snow White" '"The Land Of
Nod" "Lassie" or "Son of Lassie"? Even
these Gene Autry and Roy Rogers pic
lures are good because there's more
singing than killing in them, but they
always ruin them by making them dou-
ble-feature programs with gangster or
horror pictures.
And what about the cartoons? They
used to have them every Saturday or
Sunday when I was kid
Can't we have decent movies for chill
dren on the only two days they don't
have to 60 to school?
MRS. WILLIAM REED.
Evening star., 1946-05-02

The Polish American committee intends
to make drive to raise sufficient funds
to continue the battle for Poland,s in
dependence, which high American ON
cials regard as lost cause.
But it Is possible that the Polish gen.
eral may have tie opportunity to dis
cuss in Washington the question of what
to do with the 10000 Polish soldiers
who will be disbanded by the British
government and who will have nowhere
to go.
At an executive session Of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee the ques-
ton was raised with Secretary of State
Byrnes, who told the Senators that the
admission of these Poles into the United
States was. matter which concerned
the legislative branch of the Govern
ment. Under the present immigration
laws, there is not the slightest posi-
bility of allowing the men to enter this
country. If the Senate and the House
wish to pass special legislation to per-
init their entrance, the State Depart
ment will have no objection.
At the same time, the War Depart
ment, hard pressed for adequate re-
placements in the European theater,
is said to favor the idea of having the
war-tried Polish troops become an
American auxiliary force. Department
officials are not opposed to congress
sional action to create an American
Foreign Legion for service in Europe and
possibly in Asia. This force would
hasten considerably the withdrawal of
most ct the remaining GIs in Europe.
X
There are, of course, many diplomatic
considerations which would make 1t
difficult for the administration to spon-
sor such bill. The most important is
that the Russian and Polish govern
ments are bound to object violently to
our taking over a first-class military
force which the Warsaw government
considers damaging to its interests.
But while the Government itself could
not sponsor the creation of such an
organization, there is no reason why
Congress could not decide to create a
foreign legion along the French pat
tern. Such force could be open to all
foreigners who might wish to serve
under the American flag without be-
coming citizens until they have proven
their loyalty over a period of years.
Gen. Bor, who is expected to spend
several days in Washington before the
expiration Of his visitors visa, will be
able to lay before interested officials
plan which he is said to have already
prepared.
Evening star., 1946-05-02

Erhardt, American Minister to Aus
tria, was passenger. No shots were
fired on this occasion, but the antics
OF the fighters were such as to men
ace the safety Of the BIT.
General Clark has lodged third
protest with Marshal Konev. An
American correspondent at Vienna
discounts any idea that the repeated
incidents are the outgrowth OF a
Russian policy of harassment and
attributes them rather to an ap-
parent inability of the Russian COM
mander to maintain discipline.
But discipline can be maintained
now, as during the war, if the Soviet
authorities want to maintain it.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
China Fights On
By George Fieldins Eliot

We are seeing in China one more H.
lustration of how closely military and
political considerations are interlocked
in this still unregenerate world.
A month ago the chances for Chinese
unity appeared bright indeed. due very
largely to the earnest labors of Gen.
Marshall. The cease fire" orders were
being quite generally observed. There
were indications that the new political
settlement might really be the begin
Most important of all, it then ap-
peared that Gen. Marshall had been
able to work out a military settlement
that would permit gradual and peace
full solution of the problem OF the Com
munist armies. This solution called for
the integration, by carefully arranged
stages, of the Nationalist and Commu-
mist forces into single national army
of reduced size, but presumably much
greater efficiency.
The existence of the Communist ar
mics as separate military force and the
reluctance of the Communists to give
up this separate force without obtaining
compensatory guarantees, had been the
rock on which all previous efforts to
attain Chinese national unity had split.
It was for this reason that the military
features of the recent agreement seemed
to present so hopeful an aspect to many
obServers-even to some who heretofore
had not been too optimistic.
But even then it was clear that every
thing depended on the cease fire" ar
rangements being Loyalty carried out by
all field commanders. on both sides. This
was not easy, for communications were
uncertain and there was grave doubt as
to whether orders from the leaders in
Chungking whether Nationalist or
Commnist-would be obeyed by officers
In the field without regard to the local
situation.
Hence "truce teams" composed of
national, Communist and American Of
ficers were organized and flown to the
various areas where troops Of the two
factions were in contact to put the
truce into actual effect.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
StoIin on MAY Doy

BY and large, Premier Stalin's Nav
Day order of the day was a repeti-
ton OF what. has become a familiar
theme IN Russia since the end of the
war. This is simply that the Soviet
Union has proved its might; that its
policy is a policy of peace and Sc
curlty;; that it recognizes the eouali-
ty OF all peoples and their right to
freedom and independence; and
that its prime objective for the next
nVe years must be the twofold one
OF increasing its productive power
and material well-being while at the
same time protecting itself by the
constant improvement of its armed
forces through up-to-the- minute
training and through progress in
military science.
Taken at its face, as a statement
OF policy, such a program is funda-
mentally not very much unlike that
advocated for the United States by
outstanding Americans from the
PRESIDENT on down. Wholly apart
from the background of events in
places like Iran and the Balkans.
however, there is this significant
difference: That in this country,
when our top officials speak of ma
tional security and the future, they
Invariably emphasize that the peace
must be based on the fullest
possible international cooperation
through the United Nations. But in
his May Day remarks, as in past
speeches addressed directly to the
Russian people by himself and his
chief subordinates, Premier Stain
gave no such emphasis to the U. N.
On the contrary, he did not mention
it even once. Instead, he warned the
Soviet masses that international
reaction" busy with intrigue, lis
Matching plans of new war;" and
he went on from there to give the
impression that the U. S. S. R., to
be safe, must forever depend on its
own military might.
1t is possible, of course, to read
too much meaning into this sort
of thing, the more so because Pre-
mier Stain, Foreign Minister Molo-
tov and other key Russians have on
more than one occasion specifically
reassured the outside world that
they attach the greatest Importance
to the United Nations. But they do
not seem moved to say the same to
their own people. Thus, whenever
they speak for domestic consump-
tion, they speak more or less as
Stain did on May Day. making at
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Loon to Britain
By David Laurence
From the Wall Street Journal.

Crom the Wall Street Journal
An argument can be made for sus.
tanning Britain through this period.
Except for the United States, Britain
is the one nation in. the world which
IN the near future is likely to cling to
a society whose cornerstone is freedom
OF the individual. If Britain's Socialist
government carries on to its ultimate
goal, Britain also will disappear from
the list. However, there is q happy
doubt that the British people will allow
the experiment to go to that length
providing they retain the strength to
call halt. If there is any good reason
why this country should furnish aid to
Britain, that is the reason.
1t is inviting trouble to have Britain
make promises highly conditional
promises-that she is not likely to be
able to fulfill; promises that the domi-
nant thought in Britain does not really
want to fulfill. This whole loan agree.
ment should be redrawn on a candid.
logical basis. 1t is entirely possible that
when examined on such basis. IL will
be found that an outright gift rather
than loan is in order.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
No Group Greater
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
1t is my opinion that democracy
should clamp down at times when an
organized minority threatens the pub
lie welfare, such as the present coal
crisis.
Why not ameliorate the plight of the
miners and their so-called champion
by eliminating them entirely? With
the modern machinery at our COM
mand, mines no longer are necessary
and all the coal required can be ex-
humed in the open without endangering
the miners and their gallant champion.
My sympathy is with the miners and
I am for unions based on equity. But
no group should be greater than the
Government and it is up to the Gov
ernment to see that it is not plowed
under by its public enemies.
JAMES E. BOGGIANO.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
If He But Try

The timeless grace of small boys climb.
ing trees
Can make the wIlole toide tDorid 4
sun-rin,red place
For there IS promise in such sights a.
these:
Each boy ,Dith aspiration on his face,
Curling bare toes to roughened burI
and bark
And pulling up with brown snd
treckled hands,
Whistling as softly sweet as some pert
naeadoUlark,
Beneath him lying moist and teemins
lands
But through the ledty branches Just
blue sky
With heaven for him to tonch-it he
but tyYi ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
This Changing World
By Constantine BroiOn

Gen. Tadeusz Komorowski, until re-
Gently commander in chief Of the Polish
armies, which fought by the side Of the
American and British forces in Germany
and Italy, is expected to arrive in New
York today.
Gen. Komorowski is better known to
the world as Gen. "Bor." He led the
desperate, 60-day battle Of the Polish
underground forces in Warsaw In 1914
against the Germans which ended in the
defeat of the underground forces and
his capture by the Nazis. Those con-
versant with the situation say Gen. Bor's
troops were defeated because they re-
ceived no support from the Russian
armies which at that time had reached
the eastern bank of the Vistula River
within sight Of the struggling Poles
and obtained only very limited assist
ance from Britain, which sent only a
small number of planes to parachute
supplies to the Poles.
After the battle, Gen. Bor was branded
as traitor by Moscow and the Russian
sponsored Polish government, which was
then known as the Lublin Committee
On being liberated he went to London
where he assumed supreme command OF
all Polish forces. This job lasted until
the United States and Britain agreed to
dissolve the Polish government in exile
ands recognized the present Warsaw
regime.
For the last few months, Gen. Bor,
like the other Poles who had been fight
ing on our side since the beginning of
the war. has been man without a
country" Thema jority of the rank and
file OF the Polish army has refused to
return to their Soviet-controlled native
land because they fear reprisals. The
senior officers know that if they re-
turned to Poland they would be sum-
marily executed.
This uncertain status of Gen. Bor
himself created difficulties in obtaining
for him visitors visa to enter the
United States. The State Department
was reluctant to grant visa lest it
might offend the Moscow and Warsaw
governments. The way was cleared only
after Mayor Kelly of Chicago-who real
ICES the Importance of the vote of the
American citizens of Polish extraction
at the next election-exerted a great
deal OF political pressure.
The former Polish commander in
cnle1 is scheduled to address a large
gathering at Humboldt Park in Chicago
Sunday. The occasion is the 155th an
nlversary Of the Polish constitution