davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-31

Maxim Litvinoff, who represented the
u. s. S. r. at that conference, laughed
loudest. At that time Russia advocated
complete disarmament and the main
tenance Of only small police forces to
keep domestic order.
Unlike in the period before the Second
World War, the western nations are
hungering for peace. The continental
European countries outside the iron
curtain have, by necessity, drasttcally
curtailed their forces. For instance,
France, which at one time was con-
sidered the foremost military power
on the continent, has today only about
300, 900 men under arms. Her actual
combat strength, however, Is much
smaller. The others have barely more
than military police force.
Great Britain is in the same position
and she also needs an extended breath
ing period before she can even think Of
using her shaky industrial power for the
manufacture Of instruments of war.
Only the United States still has great
military potential, although her armed
strength today is negligible. But the
political leaders Of this country. regard
less of party afflliation, are on record
as favoring thorough and complete
reduction of ornaments.
But 1t would be abandoning all sense
of realities If these nations were to
agree to do away with essential defense
measures until Russia and her satellites
follow the lead.
Had Mr.. Molotov been serious in his
appeal for peace and reduction of arma-
fhents he would have accompanied his
strong plea with an offer to open up all
the territories behind the iron curtain
for proper inspection and would have
demanded drastic curtailment of the
overall military strength of all nations.
Such an offer would have been enthus-
iastically and unanimously received by
all members of the u. NJ and the deep
seated suspicious which have led to the
present war of nerves would have
disappeared overnight.
But Mr.. Molotov harped principally
on the banning Of the atom bomb, which
according to Prime Minister Stalin's
statement Of last Monday, the U. s. s. r
does not yet possess.
Under these conditions, responsible
circles here fear that the idea Of q
general limitation of ornaments has
been punctured and has no more chance
of succeeding now than it had at the
Geneva Conference.
Evening star., 1946-10-31
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro.On

No effective and genuine general dis
armament is possible so long as there
Is an iron curtain between East and
West. Unless all the nations in the
world open wide their boundaries and
permit unrestricted inspections by the
proper authorities of the U. N. and free
travel by citizens OF all countries, there
can be no limitation OF armaments.
1t Is In this light that Foreign Min
lister Molotov's speech at the General
Assembly on Tuesday was received by
the highest officials in Washington.
The Soviet's chief delegate made an
impassioned plea that the Assembly
declare that it considers general dis
armament necessary. But he empha-
sized the banning Of the manufacture
and use 6 atomic energy for military
purposes"
According to the views Prime Min
lister Stain gave in statement to the
representative Of the London Sunday
Times month ago, the atomic bomb
itself is not to be considered a& inn
portant as it appears on the surface.
He said it principally serves the pur-
pose Of waging war of nerves and that
the Russians, who have strong nerves,
are not being influenced by 1t.
The Soviet Foreign Minister, how
ever, did not seem to share the view OF
his superior when he mentioned the
abolition of the atom bomb as an In
strument of war while he made only a
passing remark about the necessity Of
a general reduction Of ornaments.
Neither did he mention In his 1000
word speech that Russia was willing to
cooperate fully in drastic limitation
of all arms.
Old League of Nations hands recall
that at the last important arms limi-
tation conference at Geneva in 1881
everybody agreed that "the failure OF
this conference means the beginning
Of the next war" But the principal
military powers showed no willingness
to compromise their divergent view.
points. AS the debates progressed
fruitlessly, SPANS representative, SAL
vador Madariaga, got up and asserted:
THE animals met to disarm. The lion
looked the bull straight in the eye and
said, Let lis abolish horns The bull
looked at the eagle and suggested that
they abolish talons. The eagle, eyeing
the lion, recommended the abolition Of
claws. No. said the bear, let us abolish
everything and then have just one uni
yerSal hug"
Evening star., 1946-10-31
Not So Black
the New York Herald Tribune.

From the New York Herald Tribune.
If it now seems again as though
nothing had been settled save the one
issue Of German domination, and as II q
score Of thornier problems had sprung
from the settlement of that one, can one
fairly feel surprise7 This time. we at
least had the experience Of quarter Of
4 century ago to teach us that peace
would not be easy and that after the
colossal ravages Of global war there
could be no quick or comfortable return
to past norms. Does it follow, then,
that the attempt at reconstruction must
fail today as disastrously as it did In
the years after 1892 This newspaper
does not believe 50. At no stage Of the
second war has the parallel with the
nrst really run much deeper than ths
most superficial appearances. And for
all the disillusion brought by the first
year since the guns and bombs fell silent,
there have been some solid and hopeful
achievements as well
Evening star., 1946-10-31
False Leaders

Attorney General Clark's speech
before the New York Herald Tribune
forum carried message OF real
Importance to all Americans.
From time to time our domestic
Communists and their followers
have tried to convey the impression
that the Department of Justice has
been halfhearted and hypocritical
in its effort to safeguard the civil
rights of Negroes, especially in the
South. This is not true, and Mr..
Clark showed that it is not true.
Since MIR. Clark became Attorney
General last year, the department,
hampered though it is by the meager
powers conferred on it through the
civil rights statute, has conducted
300 Investigations of cases involving
civil liberties. Twenty-three cases
have been prosecuted, an average OF
one every three weeks. In these
prosecutions there have been six
convictions, eight acquittals and nine
cases are awaiting trial.
Mr.. Clark also disclosed that evi-
dence collected in the departments
investigation of last summers
vicious lynch-murder of four Ne
groes in Georgia is being put be-
fore a Federal grand jury. In their
investigation of this crime Federal
Bureau of Investigation agents
questioned more than $500 persons.
Whether they have developed a case
that will stand up in court remains
to be seen. But there is no reason
to doubt that the FBI has done its
best. ., -.
Nevertheless, ii the effort fails. the
familiar charges and insinuations of
bad faith will be heard again. Those
with ends Of their own to serve will
try to persuade the people whose
sense of decency has been outraged
by the Georgia crime that the Fed
eral Government has been less than
wholehearted in its attempt to
apprehend and punish the lynchers.
In that situation, the Communists
will be found in the vanguard OF the
critics, especially among those ap-
pealing to the Negroes on racial
grounds. And that will be good
time to remember these words of the
Attorney General: >-=
1.-THE average colored citizen of
America is a good citizen and de-
serves better treatment in the hands
of a democracy, but Communism is
not the answer and communistic
leadership will not cure it. The aver
age colored citizen is too intelligent
and too good an American to follow
the leadership of those who pay lip
service to democracy, but would
bring the slavery, the purges, and
the atheisms of communism upon
our people"
Evening star., 1946-10-31
Charter Controversy

The rising tide of charges and
countercharges marking the heated
pre- election charter controversy in
Montgomery County is an indica-
ton OF the seriousness with which
residents of this progressive county
regard their rights Of suffrage.
Montgomery County is providing a
healthy object lesson in aroused
citizenship.
1t cannot be, said that the issues
have not been thoroughly debated,
albeit it apparently has been diff
cult for some of the partisans to
confine themselves to the main
question. The voters are not pass
ing their opinion on a charter con-
stitution as such. That would come
later, If at all. They are voting only
on the question of whether to elect
a board which would be empowered,
after public hearings, to draw up
charter for submission to the cleo
torate in 1948.
The charter board election next
Tuesday will be similar to the one
held in 1912, when a board was
elected to prepare a charter for a
reorganized county government, CEN
tering in an elective council. The
proposed charter was voted on in
1914, losing by a relatively narrow
margin. The procharter forces con-
tend that the closeness of the vote
two years ago and the fact that
many new voters have not had a
chance to record themselves on the
subject are ample Justification for
resubmitting the question to the
electorate. And the degree Of in
terest already shown in all phases
of the charter debate make it evi-
dent that the only conclusive way
OF resolving the issues is the one to
be demonstrated next Tuesday-at
the polls.
Evening star., 1946-10-31
MendeIssohn Papers

No composer excelled Felix Men
delssohn-Bartholdy in beauty of
character or charm of personality.
He was gentle in his life as well as
In his music. For this reason. If for
no other, it is something to rejoice
about that his letters and manu-
scripts have come to enrich the
Library of Congress. The collection
includes more than three hundred
documents, ranging in date from
1925, when their author was only
sixteen, until 1847. when much too
soon he died.
And it proves that Mendelssohn
was man who might have achieved
success in several different fields
of effort. He had a literary skill all
his own. The letters reflect the
multiplicity of his interests. He was
an instructive impressionist, pick
ing up" little fragments of the
world around him and taking them
into his experience in the manner
of Shakespeare and Goethe. The
cities and towns he visited, the
chance acquaintances he met, the
minor adventures he had, the books
he read and naturally the music he
heard-all these were materials for
the development of his corre-
spondence. He illustrated his text
with sketches when it seemed to
him that pictures would help to
convey the messages with which he
was concerned.
Not many of the individuals
TO whom Mendelssohn wrote are
famous today, after century has
fled. The best-remembered names
are those of the Novelties, Niels
Gade and Ludwig Spohr. But even
the least consequential of his
friends enjoys a certain immortality
In association with the composer.
His papers rescue them. They also
furnish background for some of
his most important creations-the
glorious violin concerto, the Mid
summer Nights Dream, the Elijah
and other works. In sense they
are windows, looking out upon a
future which he helped to design
but did not live to see flourish in
Wagner and Brahms and the
romantic Russians. Only thirty
eight when his labors were ter
minated, the world lost in his
departure a constructive influence
Of supreme significance. Not to
admire him as an artist and as
fellow human being would be to
Evening star., 1946-10-31
Russiu and the Atom

stripped OF ltS MauClOuS uiStOI-
ton of American motives and It's
shockingly crude and unjustif1ed at
tack on Mr.. Baruch, Foreign Minis
ter Molotov's statement on the atom
boils down to this: Russia insists
that the world do nothing more at
this stage than enact a treaty out
lawing A-weapons-a mere paper
pledge under which the United
States would be obliged to destroy
all it's stocks of such weapons within
three months after ratification. Not
until this were done would the Soviet
government be willing to consider
the adoption OF measures setting up
a genuinely effective system of in
ternational control.
In other words, Russia would have
us disarm unilaterally. It would
have us give up our present exclu-
Sive possession of atomic armaments
without offering us any assurances
that the world treaty would ever be
more than what Mr.. Baruch has
called a toothless statement of
"pious intent" Although we alone
can make A-weapons at this time,
every nation of consequence prob
ably will be able to make them in
the relatively near future. Mean
while, the Soviet Union would have
us surrender our unique advantage
Of the moment, but it would not 81
multaneously join us in establishing
enforcement machinery to guaran-
tee that neither itself nor other
countries would violate the treaty
by surreptitiously arming with the
atom In the next flpe years or so.
Because we consider this approach
to the problem to be essentially as
ineffective as the Kellogg BRAND
pact against war, Mr.. Molotov, with
bad temper and worse logic, has said
OF our own control plan that it is
based on the desire to secure for
the United States the monopolistic
possession Of the atomic bomb" But
what is our plan II 1t is not an earn
est proposal to end the monopoly we
already have and to join with the
rest of the world in assuring that
nuclear f1ssion will henceforth be
used only for beneficent purposes?
We, too, want treaty outlawing A
weapons, but We want it to be more
than a paper pledge. We want it to
have teeth. We want 1t to be backed
by an inspection system and a global
administering authority whose func-
tions cannot be blocked by the veto
power OF any nation. Without this,
human nature being what it is, there
can be no safety anywhere, no mat
ter how solemn may be the sound
of the most solemn international
agreement.
But Mr.. Molotov has said no.
Perhaps his government will look
with favor on such measures as in
spection at some indefinite date in
the future, but right now 1t holds
that the best way to handle the
atom is with nothing more than a
statement Of "pious intent" Let the
world judge which plan is better
Moscow's or ours. With virtually
every member of the United Nations
Atomic Energy Commissioned ex-
cept the Soviet Union and satellite
Poland-already supporting the es-
sentials of what we have proposed,
we need not fear the verdict. If this
dreadful problem is ever to be solved,
II we are to avert catastrophe
nuclear armaments race, the basic
concessions will have to be made by
PnsSia
Evening star., 1946-10-31

neglect a privilege as well as q duty.
He ranks with Dante and Raphael
among the few Of whom every
thoughtful and sensitive heir OF the
past may be proud.
The Mendelssohn collection is the
latest of Mrs Gertrude Clarke
WhittaIl's generous gifts to the
Library Of Congress. It is acknowl-
edged with the appreciation Of a
national public.
Evening star., 1946-10-31

they fed upon lying about on the
camp floors, and these have been
preserved as fossils. together with
the stone tools" When the exami-
nation Of the entire area has been
completed, the culture of Acheuleans
may be as well known as that Of,
for instance, the Indians OF Arizona.
Such progress Is significant, no mat
ter where 1t occurs.
Evening star., 1946-10-31

The President has called upon
the country to observe Thanksgiv-
ing, but voters are demanding that
politicians give them the cold turkey
before November 5.
Evening star., 1946-10-31
Or q Freeze-out?
1. Louis Dispatch.

From the st. Louis Dispatch.
The Communicated strike against
United States bases In Iceland was
fiasco. or, as We Icelanders would say,
q frost.
Evening star., 1946-10-31

Democratic government was
founded on a basis of checks and
balances. One Of the complaints to-
day is that democracy is overdrawn.
Evening star., 1946-10-31

1t seems strange that coal crisis
develops only when John L. Lewis
wants to put the heat on some one.
Evening star., 1946-10-31
Halloween

Black magic tDils! The sky Is host
70 good old-tashioned mitch and ghost
The flying broon,sticks feel no breath
OF metal engines ,chirling deuth.
No fax disturbs the pointed hats
OF ladies on the backs OF bats.
And urchins, cringing NTH delight,
Stalk terror through a peaceful night.
ALICE HARTICH
Evening star., 1946-10-31
An Answer to Mr.. Sherwood.

An Answer to MIR. Sherwood.
To the Editor OF The Star:
notice that Miss Ingrid Bergman and
Mr.. Robert Sherwood, neither of whom
lives in Washington, and whose business
thrives on publicity, have taken the
trouble to tell us how to run our city.
Despite one or two racial fiare-ups,
whites and Negroes have gotten along
rather we'll in Washington up to now.
Economically the white man has been
better off than the Negro, but think
the white man who would not want to
see colored man we'll fed and happy
Is in the minority.
Socially, however, believe. he has the
right to choose his own company The
intelligent Negro (and there are many
those who are not being continually in
cited by Communists and publicity
ing Hollywood and Broadway radicals
are not the kind who continually cry Jim
Grow" at the slightest provocation. They
consider themselves just as good as a
white man and do not want to beg ad-
mittance or to embarrass themselves or
their white friends.
It is shame they can't be included
in the audience of many places where
they are now invited, because they would
be credit to any assemblage. However,
the noisy, belligerent, inferior class of
Negro would have to be included or there
would still be cries of discrimination.
If anything will disturb the present era
of friendship among the two races In
Washington, it is the persistent desire
to force their presence where 1t is not
wanted.
If Miss Bergman and Mr.. Sherwood
are sincere in their efforts to look after
the entertainment OF Washington's coll
ored population, they have chance to
prove it. Why don't they put their
talents on display at the Howard Thea
ter where the colored folk can view the
performances in comfort without asking
any one for the privilege
Possibly the revenue wouldn't be great
enough to make them put their press
clipping ideals" into practice. Let's see
how sincere they are. AID. G.
Evening star., 1946-06-24
Moonlight Ride :.
Turns to Daylight
Wait for ! 900
sy the Associated Pres,

BALTIMORE, June "a. - The
Chesapeake Bay pleasure steamer
Bear Mountain was being towed in
to Baltimore by tugs today with al
most 1000 tired and hungry passen-
gers after plobably the longest
moonlight excursion" on record.
The Bear Mountain, with 983 men
women and children aboard, became
disabled about 10 o'clock last night
when paddle on the port side
wheel apparently was broken by
striking an object in the water, the
Coast Guard reported.
Capt. w. T. Elliott ordered the
ship anchored about 2ha miles
northeast of Swan Point, but could
not summon aid because the ship
has no radio. Swan Point is about
Is miles from Baltimore.
Finally officers of the Love Point
ferry Philadelphia, known locally as
Smokey joe" noticed the Bear
Mountain at anchor and, sensing
that something was wrong, took the
ferry close to the steamer. Capt.
Elliott then called for aid.
Evening star., 1946-06-24
British Cabinet Group
Reported Struggling
To Save India Talks
By the Associated Press

NEW DELHI, June 24.-Faced
by the virtual certainty that the
All-India Congress party would
reject it's plan for an interim
government for India, the British
cabinet mission was reported to-
day to have made new last
minute proposals to avert a
breakdown in negotiations.
GA Reuters dispatch from New
Delhi to London reported that
the Congress party working COM
mittee today rejected the Brit
ish proposal for an interim In
dian government and that de-
cision on the long term phases
of the independence plan was ex-
pected tomorrow
The new proposals were reported
to have been discussed at an hour
long meeting between Pethwick
Lawrence and Sir Stafford Cripps
of the British delegation and Mo-
handas K. Gandhi and Sardar Patel
representing the Congress party.
Gandhi hastened from the con-
ference to attend morning session
of the Congress Working Committee.
The fact that the committee failed
to release the expected resolution
after two and one-half hour ses-
sion stirred speculation that an
agreement might yet be reached on
the form of government that is to
rule India pending adoption of a
charter of independence for this
troubled land.
New Development Hinted.
After the working committee
meeting Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Evening star., 1946-06-24

Congress party president, told news
men: There is some new develop
ment today"
Asked whether the situation was
hopeful he merely smiled and said:
ut is for you to draw your own
conclusions.
Kalamazoo had been obviously
pessimistic over the outlook yester-
day. Emerging from a three-hour
Working Committee session he said
wearily: THE thing is now over as
far as the Congress is concerned"
Gandhi. the party's spiritual head,
said later, at an evening prayer
meeting:
Let us not look to the British
cabinet mission but let us ourselves
become cabinet mission and de-
velop that power and authority. We
cannot build freedom in a hurry
nor can we get it in a hurry. We
have to work patiently and persever-
ingly."
Police Fire on Crowds.
In Madura, meanwhile, five per-
sons were slain and Is injured
when police opened fire on armed
crowds attacking pedestrians in q
continuation of demonstrations pro-
testing the arrest OF Jawaharlal
Nehru, president-elect of the Con-
gress Party, in Kashmir State last
week.
Dispatches from Madura, In
Southern India, said police bullets
killed two and injured one, while
the rioters killed three and injured
Evening star., 1946-06-24
Nazi Rhineland Move
Is Blamed on France
BY the Associotsd Press

NUREMBERG, June 24.-Baron
Constantin Won Neurath, former
German Foreign Minister, testified
today that the reoccupati ton of the
Rhineland by Germany in 1896 was
accomplished by single division
and was merely a symbolic and de-
fensive" gesture.
The step was motivated, he told
the international military tribunal
during a lengthy recital of recent
German history, by discovery of
secret plans of the French general
staff to move on Germany with SIM
, ultaneous attacks from Russia and
Czechoslovakia.
The aging noble pictured the Ger
many of the 1930s as a nation with
out arms. cut up by the Versailles
Treaty in both east and west, IAN
impossible situation which could
/ not continue"
The German naval treaty with
! Britain in 1885 opened the door for
I scrapping the Versailles Treaty,
I Won Neurath said, since Germany
1 took the terms of the treaty to be
! tacit approval for relaxation of the
; ~>perall military restrictions.
: ne pact between France and
7 Russl., in 1896, he continued, i'm
{ PEELED hitler to take what he called
9 the spontaneous step of marching
! into the Rhineland.
Evening star., 1946-06-24

grams, will get under way July Is,
officials announced today.
The counselors. with college train
ing in psychology and personal
counseling experience. will take a
series of special university courses
to bring them up to date on veteran
problems and latest counseling
techniques.
When the training is completed,
Evening star., 1946-06-24

IL, bringing the death toll in three
days Of demonstrating to seven. A
7 pm. to $50 am. curfew was
ordered for the city.
Nehru returned to New Delhi
yesterday to attend the Working
Committee sessions and for discus
sions with the cabinet mission and
Viceroy Lord Wavell. He said he
had no complaints to make against
the Kashmir police, but criticized
an order which barred him from
entering the princely state.
Evening star., 1946-06-24
Cigarette Causes BIoze
In Emergency Hospitul

Firemen quickly extinguished a
trash fire in the basement at Emer-.
gency Hospital yesterday, which ap-
parently started from cigarette
tossed down the elevator shaft.
The blaze was confined to small
area in the basement near the ele-
vator shaft and was under control
before most of the patients at the
hospital were aware anything was
happening, police reported.
Evening star., 1946-06-24
THE EVENING STAR, Washington D. c. =. A-9
"a,

the workers will be assigned to re-
gional offices, college guidance CEN
ters and medical and social agencies.
The counselors will urge veterans to
apply for help with all types of per-
sonal problems. which doctors say
can intefere with the veterans abil-