davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Wages Remoin
Frozen For
Cotton Workers

MEMPHIS, April 2-The only
hard-and-fast wage ceilings left
in the United States are imposed
by the Dept. of Agriculture on
Americas worst-paid laborers-
the cotton field workers in the
south.
This is the charge of the Natl.
Farm Labor Union, formerly
called the Southern Tenant
Farmers Union, which is fight
ing to have the wage restrictions
lifted. An election is being held
this week in Mississippi to de-
eide whether or not the govern
ment shall set a ceiling on wages
of cotton choppers at So or $3.50
a day.
The Union has circulated TO-
600 handbills urging all cotton
producers in Mississippi to vote
against the ceiling. If necessar.
the union will challenge the le-
gality of the ceiling in the
courts, union president H. L.
Mitchell predicted. AS last re-
sort, he said, the union will call
on all cotton choppers to refuse
to work for "this miserable
wage"
In New York, last week, an
nouncement was made that a
fund of $25, 900 is being raised
by prominent liberals, including
churchmen and educators, to en-
able the union to carry on its
educational and welfare work
during 1946. The appeal is be-
ing issued by DR.. Frank P.
Graham, president of the Uni
versity of North Carolina.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
LoVeIIe Resumes
State CIO Duties

COLUMBUS, Ohio - After
two years in the Army, William
V. Lavelle returned to Colum-
bus recently to take up where
he left off as Seer tary-
Treasurer of the Ohio CIO Coun-
Gil. Lavelle, who was active in
CIO affairs from that organiza-
tons earliest days, will take
over from George De Nucci who
filled the post in addition to his
other duties as CIO Regional Di-
rector and President of the Co.
lumbus CIO Council.
Lavelle Immediately plunged
into meetings of the Council Ex-
ecutive Board and a two-day
PAC session in Columbus.
Lavelle's interest in Labor be-
ban when he was a student at
Wooster where he received a BA
degree in 1881. Later he did
postgraduate work at Ohio
State University where he spe-
cialized in economics and po-
litical science. He taught at
Hiram High School until 1886.
That year he passed the Ohio
Bar examination after boning up
on law at home.
His shingle first appeared in
Warren, where he began handl-
ing cases for the Steel Workers.
This led him a few months later
to join the staff of the Steel
Workers Organizing Committee.
In 1912, he left his job as Presi-
dent of the Columbus CIO Coun-
Gil to be Regional Labor Repre-
sentative on the War Production
Board in Cleveland. In Novem-
ber, 1943, he was elected to the
post of Secretary-Treasurer of
the Ohio CIO Council.
Lavelle, father of two chill
dren, was playing his usual luck
when he secured an apartment
before leaving Service. His
luck also held out when he
"broke" his civilian garb out of
mothballs and discovered that
girth and garment matched.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Senators
Threaten
Bill

w A S H l N C T 0 N,
.nPA)-The right of every
American worker to a wage
that will enable his family
to "break even" financially
was actually the issue at stake
as the Senate this week con-
tinued debate on the Csc mini
mum wage bill.
A violent attack on the bill
by Southern Democrats, aided
by Republicans, is expected to
reach a climax in votes on a
series of amendments which
would kill the original Csc mini
mum wage plan.
AS reported out of the Senate
Labor & Education Committee,
the bill would extend coverage
of the Fair Labor Standards Act
to some 100000 workers in
large chain and independent re-
tail establishments, as well as
1000, 900 to 100000 workers
engaged in "first processing of
agricultural products.
The opposition was led off by
Senators Allen j. Ellender Cd,
La.) and Joseph Ball (R., Mimi
An even more serious amend
ment will be proposed by SEN
ators Russell of Georgia, and
Maybank and Johnston, both of
South Carolina, all Democrats.
They would require inclusion of
all labor costs in the major agri-
cultural commodities.
Meanwhile, supporters of the
bill had set the issues before
the Senate in a series of speech
es by James Tunnel 3D., DELI,
Claude Pepper Cd, Fla), James
Murray 3D., Montana) and Geo.
d. Aiken (R., Vt.)
Democratic Natl. Committee
heard Robert Hannegan has
made it very clear to Demo-
cratic Senators how the Admin
istration expects them to vote,
but without too much effect.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Strikers Reject
WAGE Offer
NEW YORK, March % (LPA)

NEW YORK, March 28 (LPA)
C eneral Electric's 100000
workers were back on their jobs
last week with an 1910 pay
raise, and so were the $4,000
employees of General Motors
electrical division. But Westing-
house plants remained as empty
as they were on Jan. Is when
their $4,000 workers walked
out.
For weeks Westinghouse flatly
refused to make any wage offer
but proposed instead that its en-
ployes take on a As hour week
with the last five hours paid in
time and a half. Finally, with
the GE and GIN settlements
leaving Westinghouse in a pre-
carious competitive position, the
firm offered 1872 cents but tied
it in with several jokers that
caused the United Electrical 81
Radio Workers-CIO to reject it
outright.
Ask 1917 Cents Increase
UE had asked for the 1872 =
cent increase across the board
for all $4,000 strikers but West
inghouse refused to offer any in
crease TO 10000 in the lamp
division. Union officials, in re-
jecting the proposal, aid that II
would mean mo more than 81
cents an hour with lamp workers
receiving no increase at all"
The UE declared that it "flatly
rejected the offer as an attack
on Westinghouse workers right
to livein decency and health. "
Negotiations were broken Off
with the company announcing
that the union must accept by
March 81 and accept their pro
posals "as a package"
Among other contract modifi'
cations sought by the company
was a weakening of the mainte'
nance of membership clause anc
a specification that the unior
must pay the salaries of shof
stewards.
Violence flared in Pittsburl
between strikers and foremer
when the company obtained
court order TO break the picke'
lines to permit the foremen into
the plants. The company an
nounced its intention to obtair
an injunction TO halt what il
called mass picketing.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
OPA Grants
Cor Raise

UPA) with unprecedented
wartime profits tucked under its
belt the auto industry last week
beloved and browbeat the gov
ernment into assuring even
greater profits at the expense OF
the nations car purchasers.
A new policy engineered with
in OPA by Fred Holder, assis-
tant director of OPA's industrial
materials division and ex-Gen-
eral Motors official, will give
auto manufacturers the right to
figure the effect of wage in
cresses on their new prices dis
regarding the Presidents wage
price policy of Feb. IA which
required that OPA look ahead
IL months and base its price re-
lief on whether industrial earn
ings meet those of the base
period of 1869.
Profits Exceeded
Coming on the heels OF previ-
ously granted increase the new
policy fixes up the manufacturer
up with profits guaranteed on
the basis of 1941 volume which
will be exceeded by 500.
The first price relaxations per
uoitted average increase of $3.50
to $3.50 per car over l94l
models, the last ones made. On
ton of this many dealers are re-
curing the purchase of addi-
tioanl equipment which brings
the total increase to a figure
between $500 and S470. The
new increase, even in the belief
of OPA Administrator Paul Por-
ter will add another SOS to each
car, bring the possible total in
crease to S535.
Called Comic"
The new pricing policy, ac-
cording TO Donald Montgomery,
consumer counsel Tor the UnlJed
Auto Workers-CIO, turns the
February IA wage-price order
into "a comic valentine" The
administration, he d | a r e d
knows it is going to be Oh the
spot in the November elections
and has been looking for q
scapegoat. What this order says
TO the American public is that
labor's wage increases are the
reason for this initiation, and that
reason is false,
Profit agents" said Mont
gomery, "have moved in to the
government and are raising
prices to the point where they'll
shortly amount TO the greatest
take-home profits in the indus;
try's history" II
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Laws SWING
To Unions

WASHINGTON, April1 -
(LPA)-The trend of labor leg
islation in the II states whose
legislatures are still in session
continued to be predominantly
in labor's favor last week.
United labor opposition in
Kentucky preceded an unfavor-
able report in the House on a
right to work" bill which
would have outlawed the closed
shop and provided a fine of
$5, 900, one years Imprisonment
or both for violations.
New Jersey, however, passed
new law to permit state opera
tian of utility plants threatened
with strikes. Requiring that
union contracts be signed for a
period of not less than one year
the new law, which had the
backing of Republican Gov. Wal
ter f. Edge, calls for a 60-day
notice by union or manage
ment when contract changes are
sought.
Will Name Panel
Should negotiations fail the
state mediation board will name
a fact finding panel to make
recommendations. If the dispute
is not settled by this procedure
and if a strike threatens the
state is authorized to operate the
establishments.
A "little Wagner Act" approx
ed by organized labor was also
being considered by the New
Jersey legislature.
Minimum wage laws were
proposed in both Kentucky and
New Jersey. The latter's legis-
lation sets minimum wage of
55c an hour, effective Oct. %
and provides for establishment
of wage boards which are au-
thorized to set rates not in excess
of 65c. Wage rate differentials
based on race, age or sex are
prohibited while a 40-hour basic
week is established with over
time at time and one-half of the
regular rate.
Kentucky's minimum wage
proposal was markedly superior,
setting minimum of Csc an
hour during the first year after
Sept. l, 1916; zoe an hour the
second year! 75c thereafter, and
higher rates to be set by wage
board procedure. 1t also pro
hibitS discrimination and calls
for equal pay for equal work
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Fronkensfeen Aims
At CONGRESS

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., April
l QPA)-Richard T. Franken-
steen, who is leaving his vice
presidency of the United Auto
Workers-CIO, announced last
week that he would seek the
Democratic nomination to Con-
gress from Michigan's 18th Dis
trict. Frankensteen recently was
narrowly defeated in his cam
paign to become mayor of De-
troit.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Mine Hero SoVed Ten

KEMPTOWN, w. Va. (LPA)
"A 33-year-old coal miner gave
his life to save ten other work.
ers, it was reported here last
week. Peter Howard Scrip, in
an effort to swing runaway
train of coal cars away from ten
workers at the bottom of the pit,
was crushed when the runaways
piled up on him.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
cIO Begins
South Drive

WASHINGTON (LPA) - The
CLOS southern organizing drive
is about ready to swing into high
gear with its $l,000,000 fund
already pledged. CIO Organiza-
tional Director Allan Haywood
said last week.
Well organize everything
that can be organized" Hay
wood said, mentioning particu-
larly textiles, clothing, lumber,
chemicals and the retail-whole-
sale fields. The CIO Political
Action Committee, he said in
answer to a question, may fol-
low in its own way-our job is
to organize"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
Confess To
Strike Ad
Campaign

NEW YORK, April l IPA)
The inside story = or at least
part of it = on how to break
strikes through advertising
was revealed here last week
in an exclusive report prepared
by General Electric for the cur
rent issue of Printers Ink,
weekly "bible" of the advertis-
ing business.
The editorial and radio cam
paign in seven cities where GE
plants are located was not in
tended to break the strike, the
company claimed, but its article
shows that its $40,000 or more
spent on the campaign was de-
signed to do precisely that.
"When the strike started on
Jan. Is, some 18 men and six
secretaries reported at propa-
G n d headquarters" GE's
writer, Frank LaClave, dis
closed. "The first advertisement
prepared several days in ad-
vance appeared on the afternoon
of the first day of the strike.
Headlined For the first time in
26 years, all machines at GE are
idle today the advertisement
showed pictures taken days be-
fore during noon recesses of idle
production lines"
Give Daily BrOadcaSts
The same day GE started the
first of an unbroken series of
ce-a-day five-minute radio
broadcasts. Whenever possible
these broadcasts were used to
tell news of the latest develop
ments in the strike" according
to LaClave. "GE did not trust
this important assignment to a
commercial broadcaster. 1t Sc
lected three men from among it's
own personnel for the job.
They were selected on a basis
that each was known to the
workers, had a good voice and
was 'one of the gang
Campaign Keynote
The strikebreaking attempt is
confessed even more bluntly in
GE's statement that THE key
note of the campaign, Nothing
can be gained by striking that
could not have been gained
while remaining at work. was
repeated over and over again in
practically every advertisement,
broadcast and other piece of
propaganda that was issued"
Scare-Theme Used
The scare-theme was also en-
ployed, with, for example, the
headline, "The flip of a switch
cannot start full production"
Strikers were presumably warn
ed by this ad that production
couldn't start Immediately even
if the strike were over.
What was done in Bridgeport
was done also in the six other
appliance and merchandise plant
cities.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05
co-ops Buy Oil Field

MINNEAPOLIS (LPA)-Mid-
land Cooperative Wholesale last
week announced purchase of 44O
acres of oil-producing property
in the rich Seminole field of
Oklahoma. The transaction in
cludes 81 oil wells which are
producing approximately 1900
barrels of crude oil day. u. S.
co-ops, it was announced, now
own $50 oil wells, 10 refineries,
and 1864 miles of pipe lines.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05

Urges a
Control

w A S H N C T o N,
NPA)-The advice of Presi-
dent Truman, Commerce Sec
retary Henry Wallace, trade
union leaders, atomic scien-
lists, educators, a brigadier gen.
eral and a large number of
Congressman might as well
have been thin air last week as
the special Senate Atomic Com
mittee voted down Truman's re-
quest for legislation placing
atomic energy under the con-
troll of a civilian commission
free from military domination.
By IL to 1 vote, with only
Senator Brian Mcmahon 3D.,
Comm dissenting, the commit
tee rejected the Truman pro-
posal.
Wallace, charging that the
committees action "has the po-
tentiality of delivering us into
the hands of military fascism, "
challenged the people ''to rise
in their wrath" against control
of atomic energy by the mill
tary. He was joined by the
Federation of American Scien-
fists, representing more than
1000 workers who developed
the bomb.
Nobody Can Win"
Chancellor Robert M. Hut
chins, of the University of Chi
cago, spoke the views of many
other educators when he said
that Taking atomic energy
away from the military would
help us to get peace, for it
would show that our intentions
are peaceful. We should stop
staggering and rattling our
atomic bombs. We must remem-
ber that an atomic war is war
nobody can win"
DR.. Edward U. Condor, direc-
tor of the Natl. Bureau of
Standards, stated that the U. S.
Must regain for all scientists
that freedom from military
domination which is so neces-
sary if science is to be used for
peaceful ends"
Brig. Gen. H. c. Holdridge
(Ret.), West Point graduate and
an Army man for more than 20
years, contended that 'the mill
tary mind is unqualified by vir-
tue of its peculiar training to
handle as potent a force as
atomic energy"
AMVETS Supports Claim
Holdridge was supported by
Col. Evans Carlson, represent
ing the American Veterans
Committee, who said that "AS
citizen and a combat veteran
1 I'm convinced our best hope
for peace depends on civilian
control of atomic energy with
in the u. S. and UNO control
in the world"
Support grew, nevertheless,
for the May-Johnson bill which
would create a nine-man COM
mission with a full-time admin
istrator and deputy administra-
tor. Liberal Congressman fear
that the program conuld be con-
trolled by the military through
the administrators.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1946-04-05

w A S H I N C T o N,
0PA)-The advice of Presi-
dent Truman, Commerce Sec
retary Henry Wallace, trade
union leaders atomic Scien-
Evening star., 1946-06-22
Atom Bomb Press Shin
Carries 200 Anfennae
To Dispatch Reports
By Howard W. BIokesIee


ABOARD U. S. S. APPALACHIAN
EN- ROUTE TO BIKINI, June b.
This press ship for the atomic bomb
tests, one of the wars secrets when
she was built in Brooklyn in 1943,
is the greatest floating radio station
in the world.
Barring unexpectedly bad atmos-
pheric conditions, her wireless will
be able to pour 10000 words an hour
into San Francisco for newspapers,
going by quick relay to all the United
States and to all the worlds major
nations.
Including radar, she has more
than 200 antennae and looks like a
cross between pin cushion and a
cactus. Antennae lengths range
from l foot to more than 200 feet.
Some look like roosterS on weather
vanes, some like star fish, horned
toads, ice cream cones, bed springs,
ultra modern Easter bonnets and
haloes. There are many which re-
semble common whip antennae used
on automobiles, except that these
are up to so feet tall.
Antennae Described.
There are cable antennae, the
longest more than 200 feet, and
there are ropelike antennae that
hang straight down.
Some of the antennae shapes re-
volve-big ones, with the effect o1
q mean man sticking out his jaw
and little ones that almost spin like
dancers.
The foundation for all this Is
459 feet 212 inches of ship length
and 63 feet 10 inches of breadth
packing 12,50O tons of weight. (The
Appalachian and her sister ships
there were quite few in action
before the war ended-were built
from cargo ship hulls)
Control and operation rooms num-
ber l6, distributed over six decks,
Operation is by more than 80 men,
the largest single division of the
Evening star., 1946-06-22

mony was aboard the U. s. s. Mis-
souri,, but the Iowa handled the
flow of press copy.
In charge of all headaches is
the Appalachian's master, Capt. Jo-
|seph B. Rem of New Albany, Ind
Over press, radio and writer's is Capt.
Fitzhugh w. Lee, Chevy Chase, Md,
who commanded the escort carrier
Manila Bay in the Leyte battle with
the Japanese fleet, and later COM
manded naval public relations at
advanced headquarters, Guam.
Comdr. L. v. Julihn, Washington,
D. c., is administration officer for
press and radio.
Capt. Lee, a great-nephew of Gen.
Robert E. Lee, makes his home at
88 E. Leland street, Chevy Chase,
Md. In 1910, then a lieutenant, he
was named air and naval attache to
the American Embassy at Caracas,
Venezuela. Comdr. Julihn of 1904
S. Sixteenth street, Arlington, Va, is
the holder of two Silver Star Medals,
winning both for outstanding work
during 1943 with the submarine
service. A graduate of Central High
and Bulls Preparatory Schools here,
he graduated from the Naval Acad-
emy in 1897.
of vv,sn at
Evening star., 1946-06-22
Fixing Blame Held Hardest
Job in Pearl Harbor Probe
BY the Assoeiotsd Pr,s,


Senator Ferguson, Republican, of
Michigan, yesterday described fixing
the responsibility" as the toughest
Job for legislators writing their re-
port on the month-long congress
sional investigation of Pearl Harbor.
"Other points would not seem to
present as much diffculty," Senator
Ferguson told reporters. But on
the point Of responsibility there are
delicate questions as to where indi-
vidual responsibility began and
ended"
The Senate House Committee Of
10 which conducted the investiga-
ton selected five of their members
to draft the report. Senator Lucas,
Democrat, of Illinois, was named
chairman of the writing group
Other members are Senator Fergu-
son, and Representatives Clark,
Democrat, of North Carolina; MUIR
ply, Democrat, of Pennsylvania,
and Keefe, Republican, of Wiscon-
sin.
The full committees hearings,
begun last November, were designed
to develop the reasons why the
Evening star., 1946-06-22

Appalachian's crew. This is the
group on whose skill transmission,
of the atomic bomb story depends
Heading them is 1t. Ray Dewey
distant cousin to the late, great
admiraD of San Diego, known also
as Simon Legree.
He is short, slender, wiry and
dark, with a dark moustache. He
and his crew have record of COM
ing through in the pinches. In the
war, 1t. Dewey once was sent to
Brazil to build three radio sta
tions. There was no wax to water
proof cable spices. 1t. Dewey SIM
ply rounded up all the candles from
a nearby church and made his own
wax.
Frivolous Messages Barred.
He acquired the nickname Simon
Legree on this cruise because as
communications officer he has the
job of telling writers on board
what personal messages they may
and may not send. Frivolous mes
sages are out and 1t. Dewey must
decide.
The Appalachian will transmit
not only the files of more than 100
writers on her own decks, but also
those of writers on Vice Admiral
w. H. P. Blandy's flagship, the
U. S. S. Mount Mckinley IA sister
ship, and on the Panamint, carry
ing scientists, congressional and
United Nations observers.
She will also relay messages re-
ceived from planes. and will receive
television coming from cameras in
the Bikini lagoon and from drone
planes approaching the boiling hot
cloud Of the atomic explosion.
The nearest previous approach to
her huge task was handled by the
battleship U. S. S. Iowa last Sep
tember 2-the day Japan's surrender
was signed in Tokyo Bay. The cere-
Evening star., 1946-06-22

Japanese achieved complete sur
prise with their December Z, 194l
attack on the feet at Pearl Harbor
Earlier Army and Navy inquiries
laid the shortcomings primarily on
Rear Admiral Husband e. Kimmel
and Maj. Gen. Walter G. Short,
Navy and Army commanders in
Hawaii.
Evening star., 1946-06-22
Cowboys Go for kyIon,
Too, in Luriut Form
By the Assoeioted Press

GALLUP, N. Mex,-Nylon has in
vaded the wild West and cowboys
and dudes alike are forming ''nylon
lines" these days in this western
cattle country.
Stockings don't interest them, but
they're anxious to pay $l2 up for a
30-foot nylon lariat, purportedly
strong enough to hang an ele-
phant."
Evening star., 1946-06-22
Dumborton Gardens to Clos,

The Dumbarton Oaks Gardens
will close for the summer June 80.
They will reopen in the fall.
Evening star., 1946-06-22

A new air service will connect
Chungking and Running, in China.