davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-04
This Changing World
By L0NsfGNfiNs Br0WN

The $s,750,0oo,6 900 British loan Is ex-
pseted to meet some real stormy weather
when 1t comes before the Congress.
A canvass of members OF both Houses
shows definite tendency to discourage
the foreign view that the United States
can continue indefinitely to grant loans
out Of the taxpayers pockets which may
or may not be repaid In the distant
future.
There is no feeling Of animosity
against Great Britain among the many
Senators and Representatives who ap-
pear determined to oppose the loan.
But they maintain that II any foreign
nation wants to borrow money In this
country 1t should employ the same
method used before the war and Aoat
through banks a loan which should
be subscribed on the basis of the coun-
try's solyeney by those Americans who
have money available Tor speculation
or investment.
1t is pointed out that as soon rs Con-
gress ratities loan to Great Britain
the overwhelming majority OF the nena-
bers Of the United Nations will come
to Washington with similar requests.
And 1t will be impossible to turn them
down once Britain has been granted her
loan.
At this time It is known that Russia
wants to borrow about 5000 900 900
from the American Government, RUS
sia Is, OF course, good risk" since
her enormous resources are an excel
lent guarantee that the loan would be
repaid. Moreover, it is rumored in
financial quarters that, before asking
the American Government for such a
loan, the Moscow government may de-
eide to honor the Czarist debts which
have remained unpaid since the reyo-
luton OF 1877. The amount of money
involved Is very small since for many
years the Soviet government has been
purchasing most Of these bonds for less
than 10 cents on the dollar The re-
manning outstanding indebtedness in
the hands OF foreign holders is so small
that the Soviet government can easily
afford gesture"
But outside the Soviet Union there
are many other countries belonging to
the family OF the United Nations seek
ing loans ranging from paltry quarter
OF billion dollars to q billion or more
1ugoslayia, Italy, Czechosloyakia. Po-
land. Belgium, France, China, iran and
oener states, some solvent, some semi
solvent, and some actually bankrupt.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Peace With White Elephant
BY Ray,n 0nd Moiev

"A first fruit of the policy of region
alism, which so clearly came out In the
recent conferences in Moscow, is the
Anglo Indian Siamese treaty. The
British regard the terms as entirely
fair to Siam, which Is the reaction to
be expected in the power which doni-
mated the proceedings.
The point is, however, that the world
is returning to normal conditions, with
the British dominating agreements in
Or near her areas of influence, Russia
those with her neighbors in Eastern
Europe, and the United States with
Japan. That such regionalism is in
evitable is clear. The hope may be
somewhat confidently held that re-
straint, self-control and justice may
mark the conduct of the great powers.
What is sauce for the goose is sauce
for the gander, and we cannot complain
about Russia's treaty-armistices with
Romania. Hungary and Bulgaria, If we
accept the Siamese agreement with
Britain and continue, as we hope we
shall to WELD the major role in re-
constructing Japan.
~ xA
The armistices made by Russia with
ltOlildIlld, I1uikdty dtla nUl8tIth ReTe,
in reality, peace treaties. The assent
of the other Allies was nothing but
. formality. In the Eiamese treaty,
only India is q co-signatory. Neither
China, Slams neighbor, nor the United
States Is mentioned,
This treaty with the Kingdom Of the
White Elephant" is interesting In its
detailed concern with commodities such
as rice, rubber, tin and tea. The form
of agreement is not customary trade
agreement, but simple export quota
agreement. Siam is to deliver over tres
to IAN organization to be indicated by
the Government OF the United King
DOM its present surplus Of rice, up to
maximum Of 100000 tons. This Is
apparently a measure Of reparation.
Also. it is to deliver its surplus OF rice.
up to September, 1947, to the same orr
ganization. at . price to which that
organization agrees. Beyond September,
1877, Slams exports, not only Of rice but
Of tin, rubber and tes, viii b subject
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Opposes Immigration
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
note that there has been q sugges-
ton that we allow some 1000 imni-
grants to come In each month. and
have heard q radio commentator say
ing that some officials were predicting
that we would have as many as 9.o00.-
900 out Of employment by the end of
1916,
But IL we are to have this unem-
ployment, what excuse can there be
for adding another $4,000 year, and
especially SO, when we remember how
these new immigrant families multi
ply. II this sort of thing keeps up
there ultimately is going to be re-
vulsion against everybody outside con-
tinental limits and, in fact, it is al
ready beginning to set in.
The present mementary and adyen-
titious prosperity should not blind our
officials to the realities of the future.
We are told that our resources are
being depleted, and most of us do not
like the idea of being any more de-
pendent on foreign supplies than we
absolutely have to be. The lack of
natural resources is what finally beat
Germany, and we ought to remember
that the lives of nations are calculated
by centuries-not years.
hope that bars will be placed
against all immigration and I do not
see how any thoughtful American can
justify q contrary stand
GEO. WASHINGTON WILLIAMS.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Letters to The Star
Volunteer Joins Bridge Fight"
With Alternative Suggestion

To the Editor Of The Star;
Is 1t private fght between you and
Secretary Ickes or can anybody get In?
Thanks. Then here's one phase OF
the Highway Bridge controversy that
continually is being detoured to the
detriment of q possibly sound solution.
1t is admitted that neither the plan for
one extra wide bridge nor the plan for
two normally wide bridges at the end of
Fourteenth street will be completely
satisfactory. Conditions of traffic will
be improved for while by adoption Of
either plan. whatever happens to our
city beautiful in that section, but only
for a while. 1t won't be long until the
bettleneck viii be as tight as it is now.
A fundamental improvement is feasi-
BILE, however; one that will throw farther
into the future the congestion from
which we want to be relieved. This is
the projected bridge across the river at
Alexandria,
All over the country during the past
couple of decades highway engineers
have been deyotipg themselves to the
problem of by-passing cities, big and
little, in the building of leng-distance
roads. Yet it seems to be accepted as
matter of course that all the heavy
North-South traffic from the Canadian
border to the tip of Florida must twist
and stumble its way through the streets
of Washington.
No. highway has become No.
! freight line, carrying an almost un-
broken stream of freight trucks back
and forth, day and night. between the
North and the South. Passenger cars
and buses fill up the gaps between
trucks. A big percentage Of all of these
have no desire to stop in Washington,
they are headed for somewhere else.
Why not send this trafiic across the
river at Alexandria?
A bridge and q short connecting road
on the Maryland side would do the trick.
1t would make the travellers happy,
whether they were truck drivers or
vacationists en- route to and from
Florida. It would save them much time
and trouble. And it would make every
body else who uses the Fourteenth Street
Bridge happier. to say nothing OF all
citizens who use the same washington
streets and cross streets through which
this unwilling and unwelcome North
South traffic now meRnders.
LOWELL MELLETT.
Alexandra, Va,
Evening star., 1946-01-04

has come General Marshall as the
inapiementor OF m American policy
which seeks the unifcation of China
through q process OF compromise
which our Government declares
prerequisite to the aid we are pre-
pared to grant and which China so
desperately needs. The general has
carefully avoided identifying him
self with any faction. stressing the
disinterested character of his mis-
sion, That this character has been
acknowledged by the Communists
as well as by the Kuomintang is an
important drst step. Yet much
mere must be accomplished before
he can function In the full measure
OF his role,
Evening star., 1946-01-04
MarshaIL as Mediator

The formal acceptance by the
Yenan Communist regime of Cen
eral George C. Marshall as mediator
In China's civil strife is welcome
forward step in a complex process
of negotiation. Chinese politics may
be compared to an iceberg, only Q
small part of which is ever visible
above the surface of the ocean
whereon 1t floats.
This is due in part to the subtlety
of the Chinese mentality and per-
haps even more to the almost in
conceivably tangled state of Chinas
national life. We should always
remember that China is undergoing
a profound transformation from
Oriental medievalism toward a
nation-state in the western sense.
This transformative process began
only IS years ago with the overthrow
of the Manchu empire by q reyolu-
tion inspired by western ideas but
incapable of translating them into
reality. The immediate consequence
was the disintegration of China into
a welter of rival factions and in
triguing personalities, the so-called
war lords who set up virtually in
dependent principalities in many
regions.
From this welter there gradually
emerged two different trends, one
looking toward constitutional gov
srnment and an economic system on
western lines, the other inspired
by the communistic totalitarianism
enthroned in Moscow by the bolslae-
vik revolution of 1917. The split
between those two trends has been
the dominant factor In Chinese
politics for the past 20 years and has
engendered a civil war which has
never ceased even during the Japa-
nese invasion which was opposed by
both. But, in the process, the West
ernizing faction headed by Chang
Kai-shek has itself been militaristic
and authoritarian. In between are
still other political groups intrinsi-
cally more liberal and democratic
than either, while ths persistence OF
many local war lords further COM
plicated the situation.
Into this political kaleidoscope
Evening star., 1946-01-04

to further treaty with the United
Kingdom. Siam also agrees to particle
pate in any general tin and rubber plan
set up by the UNO.
y Il
These measures would strongly sug-
gest that the future trade of Siam will
follow such lines as are determined by
the United Kingdom, and in rubber and
tin will be subject to the cartelization
system established by the British and
Dutch in the 1920s. The UNO may, of
course, modify the cartel system, but it
Is not likely that any change will be
made to disturb the major influence of
the British in the economic life of Siam.
AS a further measure of influence. the
United Kingdom requires that Siam,
under this treaty, accord the civil avia-
ton services of the British Common-
wealth OF Nations treatment mot less
favorable than those formerly accorded
to the Imperial Airways."
This treaty will offer very mild en-
couragement to those who anticipate
more freedom Of trade among the ma
tions and less restraint by cartels. We
may wonder what Messrs. Hull and
Wallace think of this new indication OF
postwar trade condition.
Released by the Associated Newspspers)
Evening star., 1946-01-04
This and That
By Charles 3. Tracepeu.
UNDERWOOD STREET

Dear Sir:
I have been watching your column to
see If you will describe a certain, bird In
this neighborhood.
SO far have not noticed t.
ut is little longer than a sparrow
1t is dark slate gray on the head and
back. From the breast down a pearl
gray.
when it flies its tail is spread AIT
and it is sort of striped with white.
1T also flies in sort of up and down
way. 1t Is out in the snow now feeding
with the others.
Constant Reader, M. W."
y II
The junco, or snowbird, has been de-
scribed many times in this column, but
1t Is always good for another bit.
Surely few birds have more devoted
friends.
Always appearing promptly when
snow falls, this chesty little fellow, who
reminds some of the famous snuffbox
portrait OF Napoleon, instantly attracts
attention.
His ctose-fitting frock coat and his
light chest set him of nicely from most
OF the other birds.
He is friendly, but stands for no non
sense.
It Is no wonder that he gets aleng
we'll with sparrows, because he belongs
to the finch family.
The finehes are great family, and
the snowbird is one of their best.
He is called black snowbird, In some
parts of the country; in others, the
white bill, the black chipping bird and
the blue snowbird.
Slate-colored junco is the name he is
given in most books. The name "juneo"
is from the Latin juncus, meaning q
seed.
The name junco is not so very old, the
term snowbird being of more ancient
date.
In our territory he always looks the
same, the very fine sparrow he is, but
out West he turns into about 20 different
varieties. There is even a white winged
junco in the Black Hills!
The Oregon junco is perhaps the
beauty of the family, with black head
and breast, brown back, white under
parts and pinkish-brown sides. Quite
bird
The nest of our own junco is usually
placed on the ground In the noun
famous sections of Pennsylvania, New
York, Massachusetts,, Michigan, Minne-
seta and Canada.
The white snowbird, or snowflake, as
he is often called, is not friendly as is
our junco, but remains in the wide open
meadows and pastures.
Our own snowbird comes right up to
the door, delighting in crumbs He feeds
peacefully enough with Others but now
and then will run at them, and usually
manages to drive them off, since he Is
just little larger than most sparrows.
He cannot be called unfriendly, how
ever, in any sense. Almost always the
little birds he drives away come back
| the moment he turns his head, and he
| is 80 busy eating that he does not see
| them, or pretends not to notice their
| return.
In our own yard we never have many
| of them at time. but usually see one
or two now and then during the fall
| and winter.
They seldom come in bands Of more
than dozen in this territory, but i'm
the nesting season often congregate in
groups of several hundred In the noun
| famous sections.
Female snowbirds are lighter in color
/ ing than their mates. The young are
grayish brown above, streaked with
black, which sometimes has q red tint
BY the time these young get down
here, they have assumed ths usual junco
' Oi9ofhtuu. ..S.S.~..
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Capitol Trunsit WAGES

As result OF strikes In Violation
Of contract, which President Truman
described as "a blow at the saHetity
of labor agreements" and as an
faction which brings discredit upon
the whole body of organized labor" I"
the employees Of the Capital Transit
Company have become the benefi-
eiaries of an arbitration award
which gives them an increase of
10 cents per hour in their basic
wage rates.
This award was announced in an
eighteen-line report by the board OF
arbitration, with the company repre-
sentative dissenting. The board
advanced no reasons in support OF
the increase and made no contention
that the company can pay it with
out operating at loss under present
rates of fare. If the company's
own figures may be accepted as
correct, however, the aggregate of
this pay increase-$l 500 900 a year.
is in excess OF the transit concerns
net income for 1945, that figure,
including an estimate for Deeember,
being $1,36O,000.
In all probability, this means that
the pay increase will be passed on
to the public in the form of higher
fares. AS conditions return to nor
NAL, the company will have to pro-
vide improved service in increased
volume, with resulting rise in
operating costs. In addition, it will
be recalled that the Public Utilities
Commission last July found the
present rates of the transit company
to be "fair and reasonable" Since
then there have intervened such
factors as the decision requiring the
. company to furnish bus transporta-
ton to the Pentagon at District
rates and the wage increases of last
August, which, according to COM
pany figures, totaled around $1,000,-
900. And now, if the company is to
pay out $1,50o,000 more in higher
wages, it seems only reasonable to
suppose that higher rates of fare,
payable by the public, will be in
order.
Perhaps this is in line with admin
istration policy. Again using COM
pany figures, this latest arbitration
award results in total increase Of
A per cent in wages since January,
1941. But that is hardly out of line
with what is happening through
out the country, apparently with
administration approval. Further
more, the award in the transit case
was determined by the public mem
ber, an ,appointee OF the Secretary
of Labor. So, all In all, 1t may be
assumed that the recommended in
crease Is not looked upon with dis
favorsby the administration, even
though a rising national wage level
at this time, ii accompanied by
higher costs to the public, Is ealcu-
lated to destroy what heretofore
has been described as an essential
bastien In the hght against imitation.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Appeal TO the People

~ 9PPSaAtS W tuc pcQple, over
the heads Of Congress, In behalf of
his domestic legislative program, the
President is running a risk of which
he no doubt is fully aware
6asically, Mr.. Truman's address
last night was q confession of in
ability to control his own party in
Congress, especially with reference
to the committees which he singled
out by name for criticism, and which
have a majority of Democrats. There
is nothing new, Of course, in the fact
that q President should find himself
stymied by Congress dominated by
his own party members, and there
is nothing to stop a President, if he
deems 1t necessary, from carrying
his case to the people. But when he
does so, he necessarily comedies that
his majority party is not governing
the country as he thinks it should
be governed, and this, in an election
year, is tacit admission which no
President, who regards himself as a
party man." would be apt to make
except on the basis OF compelling
national necessity.
Mr.. Truman rests his case on this
basis-at least to the extent that his
talk dealt with strikes which would
"vitally affect the national public in
terest." II one examines the Pres
ldent's language closely, however, q
question arises as to how far he is
willing to go in using the power of
Government to protect the national
public interest.
congress was rebuked for not
having enacted the proposals for
fact-hnding legislation which he
submitted on December 3-legisla-
ton which Mr.. Truman believes
can go q long way toward meet
ing the problems raised by major
strikes. But the Presidents own
words create a doubt as to how ef-
fective his proposals would be, even
If ratified by Congress. In setting
up fact-finding boards, he says,
there is nothing harmful to labor"
no intent to take away the right to
strike, no effort to shackle labor
only an effort to find and report the
truth. On the other hand, he con-
tinues, there is nothing harmful to
management in the proposals-they
would merely require the production
OF information similar to that al
ready being submitted to various
Federal agencies.
Assuming that all of this is true,
that there is nothing in the fact
finding proposals which can ad-
versely affect the narrow interests
OF either labor or management, it
Is reasonable to wonder what Mr..
Truman would do II the legislation
he desires should be enacted, and
that then labor or management
should refuse to heed the recon-
mendatiens OF the fact-finding
boards. This happened, in effect,
during the war, and 1t might well
happen again. Yet there is nothing
In last nights address to indicate
that the President is resolved to
deal with such intransigenee, If and
when 1t arises. In carrying his fight
with Congress to the people. how
ever, he would be on stronger
ground II he had said that he was
determined to protect the national
public interest, even If this should
entail an appeal for legislation
which could be regarded rs HARM
ful to the selfish interests of labor,
management or any other minority
group.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Revenge Motive Discarded

To the Editor Of The Star:
The Germans at least had SEM
blance Of an excuse for permitting their
political and war prisoners to die Of
disease and starvation during the last
year of the war; They were fighting
the worlds three greatest nations on
all fronts, were hemmed in from all
sides and, consequently, both food and
medical supplies were bound to have
been scarce.
But we do not even have a semblance
Of an excuse for permitting the help
less women, old people and innocent
children Of the nations we defeated to
starve to death-unless, Of course, we
should consider revenge as an excuse.
But then, our main cog at the begin
ming Of the war, President Roosevelt,
said that we were not going to fight
war Of revenge. which, OF course,
eliminates revenge as an excuse.
-. J. ]. SrERRy.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Economic Tinkerino?
From the Rock Island. ILL.,. Argus.

from the Rock Island, III, Argus.
After three years of dinicult times,
the dealers In automobiles and other
durable goods which vacated ths stage
to the tank and airplane during the
war are entitled to break. Instead,
Washington Is trying to make them
take . cut In commission fees 70 hold
down prices and raise wages.
Evening star., 1946-01-04
Sole Obligation?

Reporter.
1t does not seem that this country II
duty bound to maintain lone perina-
nent world police force. Neither does
1t seem logical for American troops,
whether they engage in actual fighting
or not, to become involved In civil wars
In China or elsewhere.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1946-03-29
ROBSON FLAY5 (HURCHILL'5
IMpERIALI5T PLOT

LOS ANGELES, Mar. 20 (ANP)
An overflow mass meeting at the
Second Baptist church in Los An
geles heard Paul Robson, widely
known artist and anti-fascist, de-
nounce the present development of
an "Anglo-Saxon world domina-
ton" scheme as outlined by Wins
ton Churchill, and call for united
action of all democratic forces to
achieve freedom for all colonial and
subject peoples.
The meeting, sponsored jointly
by the Council on African Affairs,
of which Mr.. Robson is chairman,
and the Peoples Daily World, gave
enthusiastic support to the cam
paign for South African famine re-
lief. Phillip Connolly, of the Los
Angeles CLIO. Industrial Council,
was chairman of the meeting.
In resolutions addressed to the
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1946-03-29

strike here against the Southern
Cotton Oil mill on Dec. 26, few
minutes after five strike breakers
ganged Brooks and Walter Camp
bell, organizer Of Local SO. Camp
bell was stabbed to death in the
melee that followed, allegedly by
Otha Williams, who is still free.
Campbell is survived by widow,
Mrs. Ella Mae Campbell, and five
year-old daughter, Barbara Anita,
who still inquiries as to when dad
dy is coming home." The strike,
still going on, began as union de
mand to the end of 12-hour work
ing day at so cents an hour.
Harold J. Lane, international
secretary-treasuer, has sent an ap-
peal for funds to CIO International
presidents and secretary-treasur
ers of the state, city and county in
dustrial union councials and CIO
local unions. The strikers defense
committee is fighting against
great odds to free five union mem
bers from charges under the phony
Arkansas 'anti-violence' Act 1913"
he told them, and added that "the
legal defense is prepared to bring
the case to the supreme court, if
necessary, to insure justice for the
indicted workers and to strike
blow at those southern groups who
are trying to wipe out democracy"
Lane described Guy Cameron, Of
Cameron Food Mills where the Eta
is also on strike, and John l.. Dag
gett.