davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-10-18
Nuremberg
From First Page

hoped to beat the gallows by suicide,
q security official revealed. Capt. |
Samuel Binder said that from jan
harry l until the execution day |
guards 10 times had found pro-
hibited articles in the cells OF the
condemned He said any of these
articles might have been used for
self-destruction.
The articles ranged from single
screw found in the cell of Baron
Constantin Won Neurath to glass
vial in the possession of Joachim
Won Ribbentrop.
Prison officials theorized that
Goering probably slipped his poison
vial into his mouth while seated on
the commode in corner OF his cell
the night of the executions.
Col. Andrus, showing correspond
ents the cell which had been occu-
pied by the condemned Reichs-
marshal, pointed out that the COM
mode was so located that the guard
peering constantly through the door
could not possibly have seen the
upper part of the prisoners body.
1t was recalled that the Nazi la
Dor chief, Robert Ley, managed to
avoid detection in the same way
when he hanged himself by attach
ing a wet towel to a plumbing fix
ture.
Brain Studies Vetoed.
The legs and feet of the prisoner
were plainly visible to the guard,
who was instructed to enter the cell
on the slightest suspicion. Some
prisoners frequently objected to this,
said Capt. Robert Starnes of Biz
mingham, Ala. prison officer.
How the poison vial, contained
within a 2-inch cartridge, got into
the cell remained a major mystery.
Col. Andrus said it would have been
impossible for Goering to conceal
the cartridge on his person for any
length of time. He said the prison
doctor never at any time made a
rectal examinst ton of Goering after
the Nazi leader was committed to
this jail.
A high source, meanwhile, re-
vealed that the Allied Control
Council had rejected after long and
bitter argument a proposal that the
brains of Goering and the 10 exc
cuted leaders who followed him in
death be examined scientifically.
The subject of examining the
brains of the men was raised in sew
eral sessions of the four-power coun-
Gil for Germany, an anonymous but
thoroughly reliable officer said, but
1t was vetoed each time.
With the ashes of the II dead
Nazis scattered, it became apparent
here that the decision to cremate
the executed men, together with
that of Goering, was made only a
short time before Wednesday morn
ing's hangings, because officials in
Nuremberg were preparing as re-
Gently as last Thursday for ordinary,
but extraordinarily secret, burials.
Reports circulating here indicated
that discussion among the four oc-
cupying powers as to what to do with
the bodies after death centered
around two main factors:
l. How much criticism would be
involved in cremating the II men
including five CatholicS-inasmuch
as the Roman Catholic Church pro-
hibits cremation?
IAN informed source at the
Vatican said last night that the
cremation of the Nazis was mot
spprovsble" by the church, but
that he doubted any official pro-
L.
the case. He said it did not ap-
pear to be case involving
*extr aordinary circumstances"
Evening star., 1946-10-18
Lifting Of Controls
On Wages Discussed
Al Cabinet Session
T
CONTINUED From First Page.

CONTINUED From First Page.)
services and many commodities will
be taken out from under ceilings
two months or more earlier than
had been planned before President
Truman's meat decision.
"Orderly Retreat" Forecast.
This official emphasized to re-
porter that it will be IAN orderly
retreat" from controls and will not
result in riot or chaos"
Furthermore. for the somewhat less
immediate future, he added that
price lids will remain on rents, auto
mobiles, building materials, refriger-
ators, furniture. basic clothing items
ard farm implements. 2
A prediction that all food and
grocery products with the exception
Of sugar will be removed from price
controls by November l was made
today by Paul S. Willis, president of
Grocery Manufacturers of America,
Inc. He called on OPA and the
Agriculture Department to act i'm
mediately.
An OPA spokesman, commenting
on the statement, said the question
Of decontrol of other food items has
not reached a point of final deci-
sion" He pointed out that much
will depend on the monthly short
supply list issued by Secretary of
Agriculture Anderson Congress
stipulated that the Secretary list
the first of each month those COM
modities where supply is below de-
mand. Any controlled items left
off the list automatically are freed
from ceilings by the Secretary.
Bread May Be Next.
Major developments on the fast
moving decontrol front included:
/. Flour, bread and other bakery
products figured in speculation as
the next important food items to
be freed of price ceilings.
The milling industry formally re-
ouested Secretary of Agriculture An
derson to lift controls from wheat
flour, semolina and farina, declar-
ing that wheat supplies are ample.
Chicago -four circles voiced doubt,
however, that -four ceilings would
be scrapped Immediately. Selling in
wheat broke the prices OF bread
cereal in a jittery Chicago market.
2. Coffee went off the controlled
list completely And price lids were
hoisted slightly on jams, Jellies,
fruit preserves and mems white
handkerchiefs among other things.
The increases will amount to l and
z cents a pound jar for the sweets
and from 7 to IA cents for handker-
chiefs.
Cattle Moving From Mexico.
!. South of the border, the van
guard of 100000 lean young Mexican
beef cattle began to move toward
fattening pastures and ranges
throughout the Southwest United
States.
The embargo on Mexican cattle
was lifted at 1901 am. central
standard time today. The cattle
must be fed fattened and proc
essed, however Hence their en-
trance will have little or no imme-
diate effect on the current meat
situation.
4. Administrator leaders, fore
casting a congressional drive aimed
at junking all controls Including
rents and the veterans housing pro-
gram agreed that the entire OPA4
staff of $4,000 and its functions must
be slashed to the bone before the
lawmakers reconvene in January.
Evening star., 1946-10-18
Meat
CONTINUED From First p,

Continued From First Page)
65 on sirloin and SO to SIS on round.
OPA ceilings on grade B beef were
between 80 and A cents.
Several other large retailers said
the incoming meat supply still Is
scanty.
1t is impossible, they said, to
quote fixed prices in those stores
where meat is available
"A lot of them are asking any
thing they think they can get" one
chain store official said, 'but this
ought to stop next week and prices
will be more uniform"
The wholesale butter price drop
brought today's quotation to around
83 cents at the lowest, although
such quotations range according to
butter score. Henry Males, head of
the butter and egg division Of the
Merchants and Manufacturers As
sociation, said this amounts to a
7-cent drop in recent days.
The Wednesday quotation on 90
score butter was 89la cents whole
sale, packed and delivered in Wash
ington.
The drop was not reflected i'm
mediately in retail stores, q spot
Evening star., 1946-10-18
cant, since new registrations are not

cant, since new registrations are not
being accepted.
Virtually all city hotels not af-
fected by the strike were reported
filled to capacity. Hotels in Balti-
more and other nearby towns and
cities likewise were reported filled
by the overflow from Washington
condition which has existed since
the strike began.
However, opinion expressed at the
Hotel Association of Washington
was that most of those who normally
would be occupying rooms in the
struck hotels simply are avoiding
the Capital until the strike is set
| tied.
Evening star., 1946-10-18
Livestock Receipts Drop;
Still Heavy for Eriday

CHICAGO. Oct 18 lP,.-Receipts
Of livestock at the Nations terminal
markets dropped off heavily today
in preparation for the usual week
end closing of packing plants and
because of sharply lower prices on
most grades and classes yesterday.
The early top price on hogs to-
day was $23 so, the same as yester-
day, but this was up So from the
popular top price by midsession
yesterday. Cattle and sheep were
lower,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
Philosopher

seek strange quarry high in darkening
hills
That mark the dim perimeter OF day.
With quiDer emptied OF its shining
quilts,
With po,Dder spent and snnres in
dtSdrrdy
Unpeaponed, laundering, do seek
my prey.
The stubborn branches De1t my peary
thighs,
The bitter briars my final rags essay.
The rutted dust is clogged in throat and
eyes;
Soon comes the hour too dark for such
emprise
When deep my creature snuggles to
While turn back defeated phere he
lies,
With no proud Misunderstanding
Weight to bear,
Yet bringing do,Dn NTH me to leUel land
The sest of seeking Uhat escaped nv
hand. FRANCES HALL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
Azerbuijun and Iran

Not long ago, when the Iranian
issue was front-page news, the fear
was expressed in many quarters that
the Soviet Union might try to annex
Azerbaijan. A bit later the fear was
considerably reduced by a Moscow
Teheran accord declaring that the
status of the province was to be
settled by Iran alone, and now that
the self-styled autonomous regime
at Tabriz has just agreed to rein
corporate itself with the national
government, there seems to be little
or no ground left for further sus-
picion.
Under the new agreement the
Aberbaijan leaders have pledged
themselves to do away with their
separatist national parliament" and
to merge their armed forces with
those of the central government at
Teheran. In other words, politically
and militsrily, the northwestern
province will be loyal part of Iran,
just as it was before the recent
movement to make it autonomous.
Ieheran, however, has offered sew
eral concessions. In addition to
promising special educational and
economic aids to the area. it has
appointed a provincial governor
general-described as a Communist
chosen by the Azerbaijani them
selves, and it has agreed to give
them increased parliamentary rep
resentation on a populat ion basis.
The change in representation is
expected to give the Azerbaijan
Democratic party" considerable
strength in Teheran after the forth
coming national elections, and this.
together with members elected from
'he Tudeh party, may create a
leftist bloc of some fifty seats out of
a total of 1856 in the Iranian Parlia-
ment. Since the Democratic barty"
is an offshoot of the Tudeh party,
which is pro-Soviet but far from
being entirely Communist, there is
thus likely to be strong legislative
group in favor of the friendliest
relations with Russia.
In any event, the fact that the
status of Azerbaijan has been settled
in way that rules out the danger
of secession or annexation cannot
fail to impress and reassure Iranians
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19

are responsible for keeping open the
lines of communication with the empire.
For the time being, there has been
nothing spectacular to indicate that
the Teheran government would wish
to "nationalize" the Anglo-Persian oil
company and all its installations. The
few strikes and anti-British demon
STATIONS have been more symptomatic
than serious. But those who are &C
customed to reading "straws in the
wind realize that it won't be long be-
fore new 100-per-cent puppet govern
ment Is established in Teheran Then,
on the basis of freedom and democracy,
the British will be asked to abandon
their investments. There is no ques-
ton that the Iranian government will
offer the usual compensations in cash.
The Russian government is rated by
American Treasury experts as second
IN the world in the possession OF gold
reserves and is in position to offer
the new puppet the necessary sums to
pay off the British.
Naturally, no one is ever giving some
thing for nothing. and the Teheran
. government is expected to offer-as
security" for the 'loan'-the lorna
ton of an Iranian-Soviet Oil company
to replace the present Anglo-Persian
company. A similar organization exists
today in Azerbaijan, where, according
to unverified reports, some of the ma
chlnery taken out of the Austrian and
Romanian oil fields has already been
installed.
The pattern in Iran is obvious, re-
CARELESS of the fact that the dispute
remains in the files of the Security
Council. Soon after elections along the
Yugoslav pattern have been held, new
government will be formed This gov
eminent is expected to represent the
country's new democratic trends" and
unquest1onably will cut off all its pre-
Vious ties with the western world.
Aside from this disturbing situation
IN Iran, some Middle Eastern observers
contend that the surprise agreement
between the U. S. S. r. and Afghanistan.
announced last week, has paved the
way for an economic union" between
these two countries and that of neces-
slty this union will ultimately be in
tegrated into the larger Soviet economic
and political set-up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
On the Record
By Dorothy Thomson

Bernard M. Baruch's recommended
tons to the U. N. Atomic Energy Com
mission suggests, at first reading,
radical way OF dealing with the great
est problem of this or any other age:
The protection of mankind from atomic
destruction.
Mr.. Baruch, who spoke eloquently
realizes the danger. He sees, also, the
issue. Atomic power. V-weapons capa-
BILE OF carrying guided missiles and new
inventions for biological warfare de-
mand world control against war by one
single authority. In the possession of
competing authorities, the world will
live in terrible fear; the fear will create
the war and the war will doom human
civilization
Divided power is the primary cause
of war Divided power in the atomic
age is certain to result in war, for the
reason that no people will be able to
endure the possibility Of complete de-
struction by another state in a matter
OF minutes. When two or more nations
are standing with their hands on the
switches, the least diplomatic tension
Will create the impulse to strike first.
The safety Of the world at this moment
Is thus due only to the fact that atomic
power is exclusively In the hands of
the United States.
Neither Russia nor any other country
has reason to fear as LONG as this is 50,
for our people would never countenance
Its aggressive use without the element
OF overweening fear. But the moment
the Soviet Union gets atomic and "
weapons, or we think 1t has them,
neither Russia nor the United States
will be safe.
In atomic war victory belongs to the
aggressor. Every general staff knows
this. In a condition of divided power
uncertainty will be so intolerable that
one or another will strike to end the
tension. The next war, If it happens.
will establish one single power as master
OF the globe and thus end war. But that
power would be master OF a wilderness
and 1t would take what is left of man
kind centuries to struggle back to its
present condition, II, indeed, it ever
should.
This Is the unacceptable logic Of the
atomic age-that there must be a single
world authority controlling war, and
possessed of monopoly of power That
power exists at this moment. 1t is
possessed by the Government of the
United States which. for a few weeks,
months, or years, Is in a position to
compel the world to accept any terms
for perpetual peace which 1t deems
necessary. That power is reality. The
force exists and is not yet divided
But the authority which Mr.. Baruch
suggests is not such monopoly of power
Were 1t possible to delegate the power
already existing in the United States to
the proposed international atomic de-
velopment authority" committee would
rule the world. But how?
The authority would not represent the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Nominally, the Iranian question re-
mains on the agenda Of the United Ma
lions Security Council. AS a matter Of
fact, however, the whole matter has
been disposed OF by private agreements
between Iran and her powerful neigh
Dor, Russia. According to information
reaching Washington, it has been q
pistol-point marriage. The govern
ment, headed by Premier Qavam, was
pressed into accepting the conditions
Moscow placed before him.
Qavam himself is only the nominal
head Of the Iranian government. He
Is allowed to sign state papers. The
real power, for the time being, Is Prince
Firouz, his propaganda minister, who
hoped on the Soviet bandwagon at q
time when Qavam was still debating
whether he should place real trust in
the efficiency of the Security Council.
Firouz, member Of the Iranian aris-
tocracy, is genuine realist. Unlike
most of his colleagues in the govern
ment, he made quick estimate last
spring Of the general situation and real
lied that words and resolutions are fine
things, but cannot hold their own
against machine guns, tanks and air
planes. The western nations, which had
pledged themselves to maintain the ter
ritorial integrity and sovereignty of
Iran. could offer only resolutions in her
defense.
The Russian government had the di-
visions right on Trans borders. Thus,
while Qavam and his colleagues were
pinning their hopes on the moral forces
behind the Security Council, Firouz was
making his peace with the Russians and
the Azerbaijanese puppets.
Firouz and few other Iranians saw
the writing on the wall, compelled
Qavam to surrender, and today the
country is fairly well on the way toward
becoming the first Soviet puppet in the
Middle East
The situation is particularly unpleas-
ant for the British, who have large oil
interests in Southern Iran. These are
Of enormous strategic and economic
Importance to the empire. Iran is the
gateway to India and the prospect that
she may become a total loss is proving
a nightmare to those Britishers who
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19

present monollthlc, noncompetitive DOW
er. Granted full cooperation, including
the waving of the veto, it could, as Mr..
Baruch stated, distribute the raw mate
rails Of atomic energy and inspect
against their use for the manufacture of
instruments Of destruction.
But suppose the committee. or a ma
Jority OF it, became suspicious of VIOLA
ton by great power x. What then would
happen? The committee would present
the case to the Security Council and we
should then see a new form of the old
power politics already raging in every
session Of the U. N. The suspected coun-
try would raise points to gain time. 1t
would, doubtless insist on setting up
new subcommittee to check the first on
whether the situation was really ''sus-
piclous' or the suspected country an OBJ
Ject OF war-mongering. The states would
line up on two sides as now. Meanwhile,
were state X preparing for war, it would
DO so more feverishly and would strike
when ready, claiming defense against
pending attack by its accusers. Thus the
situation in which We now live would
still, under Mr.. Baruch's proposal boil
down to the question: Who first?
The control of the authority would be
the worlds major struggle Each mem
Der would be a citizen of some State
and attempts to pack it would be so
blatant that no country would have
faith in its impartiality
y
The proposal has been branded by
labor publication as an attempt to gang
UP" on the Soviet Union How would
Soviet Cor British. or American) parti-
sans react to impugnments by the au-
thority of one or the other?
What would actually happen would be
a new struggle of the powers through
or around the international atomic de-
velopment authority" to become the sole
possessor of the decisive weapons.
So the vicious circle of old would be-
gin all over again.
l believe the Communists see the issue
more clearly than we-namely, that
what Is at stake is the creation of
noncompetitive power. A world associ-
alton Of Socialist states" means. in
communist terms. world under the
kremlln, in which case the Kremlin
alone would have the responsibilities of
atomic war and control and would not
need committee to enforce peace upon
the world by disarming all but one
Neither does the United States need
it. What we need is the courage to
save the world from the horror on the
horizon, by the full use of our tempo
rary monolithic power, which cannot
be delegated but can be dissipated. If
we fail to do this now the state that
survives the next war will It will not
appoint an authority from among it's
competitors but will be the authority
and by exercising the reality of force,
not by creating new fictions, will end
war on its own terms
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
1t Should Be Passed

/ The action of the Senate Judiciary
Committee in reporting out the So
called misunderstanding bill" paves
the way for enactment of legislation
which would curb at least one of
the union abuses covered in the re-
Gently vetoed Case bill.
] In his veto message the President
indicated that he was in sympathy
with section 7 of the bill, which was
designed to stamp out a racket that
had been interfering with the move
ment of farm produce to market
The racket takes the form of de-
mands, accompanied by violence or
threats of violence, from members
OF certain teamsters' union locals
that farmers driving their trucks
unto nion-organized market pay
for a union driver, whether or not
p driver actually is employed
! Twelve years ago Congress passed
the Hobbs bill, which was supposed
TO outlaw the racket. But when a
test reached the Supreme Court in
1912 that tribunal, on the extraordi-,
harry premise that Congress intended
to condone what the transfers were
doing, held that the law was not
Applicable to them. 1t was this de-
cision which the then Chief Justice
Stone said would make common
law robbery an innocent pastime."
/ In 1943 the House passed bill to
overcome the effect of the courts
decision, but it never saw the light
Df day in the Senate. In 1945 the
House again passed the Hobbs bill.
hnd while it was languishing in the
Senate Judiciary Committee the
Senate decided to include the pro-
vision in the Case bill, which ran
Afoul of presidential veto.
! The President, for reasons which
Are hard to understand, feared that
The restraint as set out in the Case
pill might make it felony to strike
hnd picket peacefully. If there was
any basis for that fear, however, it
1s@removed by the language of the
HOLDS bill, and since the President
NsS indicated his sympathy with the
pbJective sought it is to be hoped
that The Senate will pass the meas
slre. Then, assuming that the new
Jaw would not meet the fate of its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-19
undermining Congress
By Raymond MoIey

A start, and only start, has at last
been made to bring the efficiency of
Congress into line with its great respon-
sibilities. The Senate has passed. with
some notifications, the La Toilette pro-
posals for parliamentary reform. Action
in the House may or may not follow.
The most outstanding feature of these
changes, upon which Senator La Toilette
has labored for years, is reform in the
committee system. Committees, as
every one knows, are the eyes, ears, arms
and hands by which the two Houses do
their work. But the existing committees
do not correspond with the real kinds
of business which the Houses must per-
form.
The La Toilette reorganization of the
committee system is based on the sound
proposition that Congress is, after all,
the policy-making part of the Govern
ment. Therefore, in organizing them
selves into committees, the two Houses
ought to recognize the broad policy fields
into which the interests of government
are divided. The committee systems of
the two Houses have grown up with
little regard for appropriate divisions
OF the policy making business of Con-
gress. They are, in general, the inheri-
tances of long tradition and of past
emergencies.
Responsibility in the Senate is now
scattered among 80 standing committees
OF all sorts of Importance. Some are
practically without any business at, ALL
Others, like the Appropriations and
Finance Committees, have responsible
ties OF the highest order. Moreover,
there Is little or no coordination among
the committees. The SO standing COM
mittees and 10 special committees have
a membership Of 500. This means that
each Senator is, on average, member
OF six committees.
Under the circumstances Senators
simply cannot function properly in the