davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
New Jopon's First Year

SO rapid and complex has been the
course of world events that it is hard
TO realize that only year had
elapsed on Friday since General
Douglas Macarthur landed in Japan
and began the gigantic task of
occupying and Transforming that
beaten country.
What has happened during the
hrst year of his stewardship is sum-
married in a report issued from
General MacArthur's headquarters,
and this terse survey makes amazing
reading of which every American
should be proud.
First and foremost there stands
the complete liquidation of "gigan-
tic military machine" which oper-
ated not only in Japan proper but
also over an empire extending over
much Of the Pacific and deep into
China and Southeastern Asia. That
liquidation required disarming, de-
mobilizing and disposing of approx
mately 1000, 900 armed personnel In
the home islands and 2,500, 900 over
seas, while over 100000 civilians
had likewise to be repatriated from
abroad. Today, that herculean task
Is almost completed. Mine million
have been processed in a single year.
For magnitude, thoroughness, speed
and precision, this has constituted
q rehabilitation and repatriation
which has no precedent in history"
OF course, 1t should be remembered
that, parallel with this human prob
lem has gone the destruction of
millions Of weapons, thousands of
aircraft and control or destruction
Of navy forces and industrial facili-
ties which has ended Japan's war
making power and potential.
From long-range view, even this
Standardization job is surpassed by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The lack Of a centralized agency where
differences among the Big Four could be
compromised and brought into close
harmony Is being felt in the increasing
friction between Russia and the western
democIacies.
Big Four difficulties, far from being
resolved, are being aggravated by the
dispersion of points of contact among
them and the fact that settlements are
arrived at on a narrow, limited AREA
basis rather than on the world wide
basis which the problem of Big Four
cooperation demands.
We have not only the United Nations,
with its Security Council and Assembly,
but also the Council of Foreign. Min
listers, the Paris Peace Conference, the
Allied Control Councils for Germany
and Austria, and the Far East Council,
to say nothing Of the less spectacular
war crimes tribunals in Germany and
Japan. These are in addition to the
formal diplomatic representation In each
capital
In the strictly diplomatic field the
pinnacle of the structure is, of course,
the United Nations, which Is intended to
be permanent edifice, insuring peace
not only in our time but in the time
of our children and their children.
OF less permanent character is the
Council of Foreign Ministers which has
been entrusted with the task of provid-
ing for high political cooperation among
the four principal powers. This council
is citadel of power politics and the
arena of the most violent clashes. It's
task will continue as long as there are
four great powers whose interests must
be reconciled
The offspring of the powerful Council
OF Foreign Ministers is the 21-nation
peace conference now in progress in
Paris. The conference is being held
pursuant to a decision of the Council
and is its direct responsibility, although
the child sometimes shows signs of bolt
ing parental control.
In the quasidiplomatic sphere is a
variety of agencies which in more cases
than not sow seeds of discord rather
than cooperation. Principal of these
are the Allied Control Councils for Ger
many and Austria, composed of the Big
Four military commanders. At least in
the case of the American commanders,
they are not responsible to the State
Department, but to the President
through the Secretary OF War, although
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The first year of the military occu-
patton OF Japan, under the direction
OF Gen. Douglas Macarthur, supreme
commander for the Allied powers. has
been completed-an amazing year of
accomplishment Gen. MacArthurs
handling OF the postwar Japanese stu
alton Is scarcely less remarkable than
his reconquest of the Philippine Islands.
Gloomy forebodings in 1914 and even
in 1945 gave the probable length of
time to subdue Japan as two to four
years. The representations regarding
the demilitarization of the Japanese
nation were equally pessimistic. Indeed.
1t was common talk that the task of
dealing with Japan after the war would
be the toughest.
Gen. Macarthur a military genius,
has proved himself wise and efficient
leader in the reorganization of civil
government in Japan, In the Liberation
OF the japanese people from economic
domination by a few families as we'll as
in the actual disarming and repatria-
ton OF the huge Japanese military
forces
The experiment Of democratizing the
Japanese nation is we'll on the way. 1t
Is an experiment that necessarily will
bear careful watching. 1t is an expert
ment that was attempted in Germany
after the First World War-where SEEM
ingly the chances of success should
have been greater than they are in
Japan today. In Germany, however,
economic conditions plus the old idea
that the Germans should be the ruling
people OF the world and the failure of
the Allied Powers to act effectively to
keep Germany demilitarized eventually
brought the republican experiment to
collapse, to be followed by the rise of
Naziism.
Gen. Macarthur has supreme COM
mand In Japan. His Is the final word.
His influence has been used entirely In
support Of the establishment of a demo-
cratic form Of government. This brings
no Joy to Soviet Russia, which is doing
all it can to spread communism in
China and, indeed, throughout the
world. 1t is entirely likely that the
Soviet government is prepared to make
drive for Communism in Japan, how
ever, in the event of future economic
collapse in that country-certainly in
the event that Gen. Macarthur and
the power OF the United States retire
from the island nation
The accomplishments of the Mac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
Name Calling and Peace

AT no time In history, In peace
making period, has there been such
open and such voluminous interna-
tional name calling as there is now.
At the Paris Conference. at United
Nations meetings in New York,
through regular diplomatic chan
nels, IN the press and over the radio,
yesterdays wartime Allies are today
engaged in extraordinary exchanges
OF accusations and recriminations,
occasionally amounting to what
would have been regarded as almost
unforgivable insults in other years.
The angry and ugly American
Yugoslav situation, which has now
eased, is but one example. Russia's
attitude toward Greece, the hard
words directed against our fleet tour
ing the Mediterranean. the embit-
tered debate in New York over pro-
spective new members of the United
Nations, the charge of lies against
the Soviet Union by an Australian
delegate, Mr.. Molotov's answer In
kind-these are merely part of the
unedifying picture. Tempers are hot,
nerves are strained, tongues are
quick to call thing spade when it
seems to be a spade. The language
Is not polite, the innuendoes and
objections are far from subtle, the
invective is frequent, there is little
in the spectacle to inspire or cheer
war-weary world waiting for peace
and pinning its hopes on new order
Of international friendship and CO.
operation.
Yet, though all this is depressing
in the extreme, some measure OF en-
couragement may be derived from
the fact that the name calling has
yet to develop into anything worse
than that. Everybody seems to be
saying nasty things about everybody
else. but nobody appears anxious to
argue to the point Of an irreparable
break. Despite the harsh exchanges,
In short, the wartime Allies still
show evidences Of not wanting to
part company altogether, no matter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
Vacuum in Europe
BY George FieIdinp Eliot

PARIS, Aug. 31.-Nature abhors a
vacuum. the scientists tell us. That is
why, in nature, vacuum can have only
a transitory existence.
Today there exists something very
close to vacuum in Central and
Western Europe. This Is a condition
dangerous to the peace and security of
the world, for it brings about as a
natural consequence the pressure of
exterior forces seeking to eliminate the
vacuum.
1t should be no occasion for surprise
10 see that the strongest pressure is
being exerted by the force which is
actually present in Europe in the great
est strength-the force Of the Soviet
Union. In the end that force will enter
into and possess the present area of
vacuum, If 1t is not resisted by another
force equally powerful and equally
capable Of exerting pressure. That other
force can, for the present, only be sup
piled by the United States. In the
course OF time, new elements of strength
may appear In Europe which will them
selves be capable of contributing to
European sterilization and of resisting
exterior pressures. But such forces do
uOt cAlSt HOW anu tIiey can De given an
opportunity to come into being only If
they are protected by the United States,
with British assistance, during their
formative years
France is only beginning to recover
from the horrible injuries of two great
wars and five years of occupation. Ger
many is q conquered country occupied
by its foes, who have 50 far wholly
failed to agree upon or even seriously to
discuss any united policy as to its future.
The Austro-H Hungarian empire has long
since vanished Italy, after a shatter-
ing defeat and after 20 years of Fascist
rule, is, like France, only beginning to
recover.
Neither France nor Italy could mobil-
lie any considerable armed strength to-
day. chiefly because of lack of military
industries, and In Italy's case because of
the armistice terms which were the re-
suit of her defeat as an ally Of Germany
Germany has been disarmed by her
conquerors. The American and British
forces Of occupation in Germany and
Austria are adequate for the mainte-
nance OF security and internal order, but
not for major war.r
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31

And the figures may have been pad
ded. For instance, from 1925 to 1881,
when the United Mine Workers was
constantly losing power and member
ship, it reported exactly 400 900 members
every year to the AFL.
Labor lost some Of the outstanding
strikes called in the period following
World War NOTABLY in steel, the build
ing trades, textiles. In 1920 about 20
per cent more strikes were won by en-
ployers than in 1919 and about 20 per
cent fewer by the workers.
Some labor leaders are said to have
been given pause also by labors poor
showing in the political field in 1945 and
1916. In the session of Congress just
adjourned the Hobbs antiracketeering
bill and the anti-Petrillo bill were en-
acted. Measures strongly urged by Ia
Dor fell by the wayside-notably bills
for higher and longer unemployment
compensation and for higher minimum
wages-while the bill guaranteeing full
employment was enacted in much
weakened form.
Dubious Political Role.
1t is true that President Trumans
veto Of the Case bill-sharply restrictive
of union activities-was sustained, but
after all the bill had commanded ma
jorities in both houses. And although
the Senate ignored the Presidents re-
quest for authority to draft strikers into
the Army in emergencies, the House had
voted for it with only is votes in the
negative.
The number of successes and failures
of the CIO-PAC in the 1916 primary
elections so far is matter of consider
able dispute. Some candidates whom
the CLIO helped to defeat were certainly
not antilabor-e.g, Senators Wheeler
and La Follette-while others who won
with CLIO support had repudiated that
support.
The American Labor party in New
York State received sharp setbacks in
the New York primaries last August 20.
In 1910 and 1914 the vote for Roosevelt
in New York on the ALP ticket was
larger than Roosevelt's net majority In
the State, but in 1912 Dewey's majority
for Governor was larger than the vote
for the ALP candidate, and in 1945
ODwyer's majority for Mayor Of New
York City over two major candidates
was larger than the vote for ODwyer
on the ALP ticket.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
Hard to Deal With
From the New York Post.

From the New YORK Post.
1t becomes clear, as time goes by and
experience accumulates, that the familiar
forms of diplomatic intercourse are i'll
suited to dealings with the SovietS and
that new technique and possibly new
type of representative will have to be
found by those versed heretofore only
in the Western way. The assumptions
on which the older diplomacy rests are
unknown to or do not weigh with the
Kremlin. AS an instance, habit of
agreeing to principle and showing up
later with so many reservations that
application of the principle is impossible
makes the Russian customer different
from any with which the traditional
diplomat has dealt. If the Molotovs
are adversaries too awkward for the
diplomat reared in the conventional
school, the case calls for another breed
whose temperament will Withstand the
rigors of life with the Russians because
1t knows what to expect and is pre-.
pared with new answers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
Tempting Russio

From the Baltimore sun.
The more nearly we manage to make
Western Germany sufficient the less
likely is eventual German unity to come
into being. Under pressure we are
striving to integrate the economy of
Western Germany into the economy Of
the Western World. The more successful
we are the more we undermine our own
professed policy of German unity. The
more successful we are the more we
tempt the Russians to absorb their part
of Germany into their communistic
world. In pleading at Potsdam for the
unity of all Germany we were pleading
for united world with real co-opera-
ton between the Russian system and
our own. In moving, under pressure,
toward the unification of Western Ger
many, we are admitting that the world
is divided Perhaps we are strength
erlinR the line of division,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
Letters to The Star
Fried Lobster Reconsidered
From the Salem Angle

To the Editor Of The Star:
In Sundays Star, August Is, there
appeared an editorial entitled Fried
Lobster" Coming from the land of the
lobster, 1t proved very interesting to me
and hope it will not be long before we
can have an abundance OF lobster COM
ing in by freight-carrying airplanes 1t
also is most important that the Federal
and State governments interest them
selves in the scientific propagation of
the lobster. Some States already do a
splendid job, but there are others lag
ging behind the times.
The recipe for fried lobster given in
the editorial does not appeal to me at
all. I have eaten lobster fried that way
and to me the lobster loses all of its
flavor. One statement in the editorial
I disagree with is as follows: do not
listen to any nonsense about frying 1t as
soon as it is mined from the critter" In
those areas where they make speciality
OF fried lobster (Which are very few in
number, being largely confined to the
New England States that is exactly the
way it is done. For generations in the
real lobster country after pouring boil
ing water over the lobster, the raw meat
Is extracted from the shell. It then is
cooked about minute in hot deep fat
after having been dipped in corn meal.
Cooking lobster this way, the meat re-
tains its very delicious and distinctive
favor.
Another statement which I disagree
with is as follows: Fried lobster needs
heat, but not too much" To have the
proper flavor the deep fat in which the
lobster is fried should be about 400 de-
grees Fahrenheit and should not take
over a minute to cook
am attaching hereto not only recipe
for fried lobster but also for fried
clans and fish. This recipe has
come down through the Remon family
from several generations back. They
located in Salem in the early Colonial
days. These are the real ways to cook
Holsters. clans and fish.
I really was very much interested in
your editorial, as I think the serious
thought underneath 1t was well worth
while. JOHN A. REMON.
Editors Note:
The recipe which Mr. Remon inclosed
reads as follows: Fried Holsters. clans
and fish:
CLANS: Should be small and freshly
shucked.
Lobster: Pour boiling water over live
lobster. Cool and cut into small pieces.
Fish: Founder filets preferable.
CLANS, Holsters and fish should be
dipped In fancy buckeye corn meal and
then cooked in deep fat. The fat should
be about 400 degrees. To try fat drop
pieces Of bread in it. When the bread
rises to the top in couple of seconds
1t Is hot enough. The clans, Holsters
and fish are done when they come to
the top. HOLSTERS will take about l min
ute, fish and clans 40 or so seconds.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
On Every Mons Horizon
on every mans horizon

On epery mans horizon
Lies the island OF all dreaming
About it curls the beauty
OF an opalescent sea;
AltDdys the sun, ascendant,
Through the morning mist Is cleaning
on shadotoy to,oers that feel no touch
OF times decadency.
Ulysses had no Dord to say
No syllable revealing
The isles olluring magic
For Penelope no tpord.
King Arthur sends no message
II his griepous mounds be healing.
No echo OF the lotus-edters' song
Is eper heard.
There hdlcyon rainbotps blend pith
spray
or is 1t only seeming?
No toord comes back each man must
choose
HoaD largely he ,DiH dare.
On epery mans horizon
Lies the island OF all dredminq--
Each lone ddpenturer must learn
II happiness be there.
B. =. WILLIAMS. /,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
This and That
BIZ Charles z. Tracepeu

By Charles E. TraceUell
Templeton Jones had about decided
to get goat.
"A goat?" we questioned What on
earth do you want with goat, Temp"
They are very fine animals" he an
swered
so are cats" we reminded. What
you want goat for, is hard to under
stand. Haven't enough people got your
goat, as it Is, without your wanting to
get your own?"
Jones stroked his chin, where his goatee
would have been If he had one, which
he didn't.
Besides" we went on, you couldn't
just have one goat"
Jones looked up.
That's the first sensible thing you've
said yet. Two or more goats, the book
says"
Upon inquiring What book?" Temple
ton Jones thrust into our hands a
pamphlet which he had picked up some
where.
Jones is great on pamphlets.
ANY one can get his attention by put
ting 1t into pamphlet, or brochure,
or small document Of some sort with
paper or cardboad covers.
great booklover, Jones naturally
falls hard for pamphlets. 1t is In the
blood.
The document he held out to us was
adorned with picture of goat.
1t explained inside, we soon saw. Vlly
and how one got ones own goat-or
goats.
Jones was full of it, and in no time
at all was telling us about Toggenbergs,
French Alpines, Nubians and Saanens,
and our own domestic goats, the Rock
Alpines.
Which breed have you decided upon?"
we asked him, slightly amused.
Jones looked over suspiciously, but
answered, "Toggenberg."
You want to be careful, old fellow,
about their horns"
Templeton Jones smiled.
The book" he said, cheerfully, warns
about the horns. Here. let me read tt"
He seized the pamphlet, ruf1ed the
pages and began:
Under no conditions buy goat with
horns. After you are experienced it may
be all right to do SO and then dehorn
the goat, but the beginner should never
have horned animal"
"A most sensible book" we chimed in
Jones continued, quoting: Horns are
dangerous and lead to much grief and
trouble"
Nothing truer was ever put down."
we commented. why, I remember when
/ was kid, a boy named Joe had a
cart and goat to haul 1t, and that old
goat was quiet enough in harness, but
the moment you turned her loose she
went after YOU"
Jones didn't seem interested, so we
quietly asked him where he was going
to keep his goat or goats.
I'm the garage"
1t seemed a novel place, but we let
that CO.
What you going to give it to eat?"
Templeton Jones waved a nebulous
hand.
"Oh, goats eat everything--"
Does the book say that2"
1T does. They will eat all the lawn
clippings, tree trimmings, weeds and
table scraps"
Thus you can do away with the trash
and garbage men--goats might not be q
bad idea, after all Maybe instead of
knives and machines to grind up the
garbage and flush 1t down the river, the
community ought to 80 in for goats.
But. Of course. that is impossible"
why not?" asked Jones, again looking
at us suspiciously
Because" we responded, "the Govern
mspt already has got eyerybody's goat
H&HI HaVin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-08-31
War in Two Cities

The entire current issue OF the
New Yorker magazine is devoted to
a report by John Hersey, author of
"A Bell for Adano," on the atomic
bombing of Hiroshima. The editors
of the magazine say that they have
taken this unusual course "in the
conviction that few of us have yet
comprehended the all but incredi-
BILE destructive power of this weap-
on and that every one might we'll
take time to consider the terrible
implications of its use"
Mr.. Hersey has done an extremely
effective job. He selected six people
who survived the blast which killed
100000 of Hiroshima's inhabitants,
and he brings to an American audi
ence for the first time a detailed,
intimate report of their experience.
He tells us what they were doing
when the bomb exploded, how it
happened that they survived and
describes in moving terms the suf-
fering of those among the six who
were hurt and the heroic efforts OF
the uninjured to do what they could
for the thousands who were left
dead or dying by the blast of the
bomb. MIR. Hersey brings out in
these people the good and kindly
qualities which we respect in our
own neighbors, and, while he men,
tons briefly the fact that Hiroshima
was an important military city, his
main effort is to picture for us an
appalling human ordeal.
The same issue Of the newspapers
which told of Mr.. Hersey's story also
carried brief reports of the rape of
Marking by a conquering Japanese
Army in 1887. That was long ago
while we in this country were en-
crossed in the debate over the bill
to pack" the Supreme Court and
arguing the pros and cons of the
sit-down strikes. But even though
1t occurred eight years before the
unwilling OF the atomic bomb the
disaster which overlook the city of
Marking has its place in the story OF
World War II.
This story, with hitherto undis-
closed details, is being unfolded now
In the trial of Premier Hideki Toto
and twenty-six other japanese war
leaders. A report from the man
who was our Ambassador to China
In 1897 reveals that the Japanese
commander deliberately turned his
troops loose on the fallen city.
Twenty thousand women and girls
were dragged from their homes and
raped. A child who whimpered
while her mother was being ravished
was killed by the japanese soldiers.
Ten thousand defenseless civilians
were lined up along the Yangtze
River and moved down within one
hour by japanese machine guns. In
all, 100000 unresisting Chinese men,
women and children were slaugh-
tered before the soldiers OF Japan
were through.
There is no basis here for COM
parative moral judgments. The
real issue Is not whether we were
more or less humane than the Japa-
nese. What needs to be impressed
upon us is the picture of what war
meant to Marking and Hiroshima.
For while we have escaped in the
past, we will not escape again. II
there should be another war, and
especially If it finds us unready, we
can expect to have Hiroshimas and
Markings in our own land.