davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12

constant improvement in court business
should be carried on, for the Federal
judiciary will grow from year to year.
It will grow still more If, as is likely.
Congress finally enacts legislation to
limit the power of commissions by pro-
Nding judicial reviews of their de-
cisions.
There Is every reason to believe that
Mr.. Vinson can meet these administra-
tive problems. His long service as chair
man OF important House committees
was marked by executive capacity. He
was wise and efficient Secretary of the
Treasury. And the honesty of his pub
lie statements while in the Treasury
marked him as man of clear judgment,
force and decision.
The need for moderator in a court
torn by disagreement has been stressed
IN most comment on the Vinson ap-
pointment. This function the new Chief
Justice should also do well, but it is less
important than his broad administra-
tive leadership. A quarreling court can
stlli make decisions. Unanimity would
be tragic. In the realm of public policy,
Mr.. Vlnson will probably vote as mod
crate. One cannot expect him to uues-
ton deeply the constitutionality of New
Deal laws which he supported as Con-
gresham. But as an officer of the Ad-
mlnistration he had to deal with the
arrogance of group power and he may
well lean toward more restraints upon
labor than will some of his colleagues
The court certainly needs more sea-
soned lawyers. The average number of
years in practical experience on the part
OF the judges of the high court has been
shrinking rapidly and is now alarmingly
low. Mr.. Wilson'S years exclusively in
the practice of law were very limited.
But this can be waived in the face of
his broad qualifications as manager of
measures and men.
released by The Associated Newspapers Inc.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,cn

Because Washington was determined
to live up to the secret agreements with
Russia, which provided that the Balkan
Peninsula was to be in the Soviet zone
OF influence, the American Government
is now being shown up at the Mihailo-
vich trial in Belgrade as an arch COL
laborationist with the Nazis
This remarkable accusation was made
Monday. Marshal Titos public prose-
cutor told the court that Gen. Mihailo-
vich, in the presence of the head of the
American mission at his headquarters,
Col. Robert H. Mcdowell met the Nazi
gauleiter for Yugoslavia, Herr Neu-
bacher, in secret in August, 1914, and
q month later Mihailovich and Nc
Dowell conferred with Neubacher's depu-
ty. These meetings, in the opinion of
the Belgrade government prosecutor,
are proof of reasonable activities on
the part of the Chetnik leader and, by
implication, also testimony that the
United States Government was a party
to the collaborationist activities Of
Mihailovich.
The records of the American Gov
eminent tell another story.
Realizing that there was no hope for
the German forces suggested that Gau-
letter Neubacher approach Mihailovich
to arrange surrender. Preliminary
negotiations took place. This being a
military matter, Mihailovich asked that
an officer of the German general staff
be sent to discuss terms with him. Col
Won Staerker arrived on September Is
and suggested that since Mihailovich
was no longer representing a regular
force, the American high command dis
patch token force to his headquarters
ana accept the surrender of some IL
German divisions
1t was obvious that the Germans
meant business. Col Mcdowell COM
municated by radio with his superior
officers in Italy, who in turn, reported
to Washington.
The German proposal was no longer
a military but q political matter The
report-marked top secret-went to the
combined chiefs Of staff, who realized
how important 1t would be, at least
from the point of breaking the morale
OF the Nazi forces fighting on the west
ern and eastern front, to accept the
surrender. But they hit a snag. The
American and British governments had
pledged themselves not to do anything
in the Balkans which might harm the
interests of the U. S. S. r.
The surrender of the Germans to the
Western Allies at the headquarters of the
Chetnlk leader who was hostile to the
Soviet puppet, Marshal Tito, would have
muddled the political waters Hence,
the request of the high command in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
New Chief Justice
By Rayn ond MoIev

1t is very probable that no other de-
cision made by President Truman In
domestic affairs will have more influence
on the life of the Nation than the ap-
pointment Of Fred M. Vinson as Chief
Justice of the United States. Cabinet
members come and go. but Mr.. Vinson,
now Sc, is likely to be the chief judicial
officer of the nation for 20 years
There has been criticism of the ap-
pointment on two counts First, that it
should have been Republican; second,
that Mr.. Vinson is short on legal prac-
tice and judicial experience. These points
may be granted as counts against a per-
feet choice But other considerations of
greater importance make the appoint
ment an excellent one. Under the Cir
cumstances, 1t is hard to see how q
better one could have been made.
er4+~4 ~
The point missed by those who COM
plain about Mr.. Wilson's lack OF expert
ence in law courts Is that in these DAYS
the duties of the Chief Justice are about
so per cent administrative. The Federal
court system has grown enormously
since the days of fancy and Chase
even since the days of Fuller and White
The immense growth of Federal power
has made necessary relative growth in
the number of Federal courts and Judges
Below the Supreme Court are II Circuit
Courts of Appeals, more than 80 District
Courts and four special courts. Sitting
in these courts are hundreds of judges,
clerks and other officers Routine admin
istrative authority over this great system
is, of course, handled by the courts them
selves and by the Department of Justice.
But innovations and major changes
which are constantly required are ques-
tons to which the Chief Justice must
address himself. Chief Justices Taft,
Hughes and Stone all had remarkable
administrative talent and enormously
improved the courts. This tradition of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
The Teachers Must Choose

Inere can be no reasonable doubt
as to the business of the move IN
raise the salaries of District school
teachers. Virtually everybody is in
agreement on the propriety and
FAIRNESS OF seeing to it that teach
ers are not overlooked in the gen.
eral adjustment of salaries to meet
increased living costs.
1t would seem, however. that two
distinct questions are involved in
considering an upgrading of teach
ers' salaries. One is the matter of
maintaining the relationship exist
Ing between the income of teachers
and that OF such other public serv-
ants as policemen, firemen and en-
ployes of the Federal classified serv-
1ce-of eliminating any element of
discrimination in the allotting of
Dement'S. The other is the basic
problem of considering teachers
salaries independent of their re-
lationship to other wage scales and
ueseA naining tnelr adequacy in the
light OF duties and responsibilities
OF the teaching profession.
The IA per cent increase nrinc;nle
was approved by Congress in the
case OF classified civil service en-
ployes and by the House in the case
OF policemen and firemen also. The
teachers organizations and the
Board OF Education want a fiat 5000
raise. Their point of view is ex-
planned in a letter from the Teach
ers Advisory Council, printed else
where on this page. The fiat sum
would mean increases of from Ia to
81 per cent, approximately, in min
1mum pay. 1t would increase the
minimum salaries of elementary
teachers to $4,000, as compared with
0,o37 in Milwaukee and 1888 in
New York-the two cities now paving
the highest salaries in this category.
It would also place Washington well
ahead Of New York and San Fran
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12

The statement Of Justice jackson
about Justice Black was addressed to
the chairmen of the Senate and House
Judiciary Committees. It is the House
that initiates impeachment proceedings
which would first be considered by its
Judiciary Committee.
The constitution provides that the
President. Vice President and all civil
officers" Of the United States Shall be
removed from Office on impeachment
for and conviction of treason, bribery
or other high crimes and misdemean-
ors." In addition. judges, both of the
Supreme and inferior courts" shall
hold their offices during good be-
havior."
In the history of the United States
only one justice Of the United States
Supreme Court has been tried by the
Senate on impeachment charges
brought by the House. That was more
than 140 years ago, and the procedure
had a distinct political flavor. At this
trial the defense made good the con-
tention that the high. crimes and mis-
demeanors" as ground for removal bv
impeachment must be indictable Of
lenses. This Interpretation obtained for
more than century; then, in 1913.
the Senate removed on Impeachment
charges Robert w. Archbold, Judge of
the United States Commerce Court. not
Tor indictable offenses but for miscon-
quot which violated the good behavior"
requirement.
Samuel Chase of Maryland, a sipner
OF the Declaration of Independence
was a man given to incorporate action
and language. He was one of the early
agltators for American independence,
and was castigated by the Mayor and
Aldermen of Annapolis as a busy, rest
less incendiary, ringleader of mobs,
foulmouthed and inflaming son of
discord"
Chase opposed the ratification of the
Constitution. He INDUCED in trade as
well as in his profession of the law, and
went bankrupt in 1789 Nevertheless he
became chief judge of the Criminal
Court Of Baltimore, also chief Judge of
the State General Court. This accept
ance of two judicial Offices evoked
motion in the Maryland Legislature to
remove him from the State ONCE; the
motion failed to receive the necessary
two-thirds vote, but resolution de-
claring that Chase had violated the
State Constitution was adopted by
majority vote.
While In the Continental Congress,
Chase had vigorously fought the cabals
against Gen. Washington. That prob
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
Bottle Of Books
From the Helena (Ark.) Herald.


the books that are beginning to ap-
pear about the war will produce a
number of violent controversies and it
is well for the reader to understand
that no one man knows the truth about
everything that happens.
For example, Ralph Ingersoll, former
major and newspaper writer, comes 10
bat in top Secrets" in which he Bit
terly assails Field Marshal Montgomery.
uses Churchill as interference and rele-
gates Gems. Marshall and Eisenhower
to a second place. putting his hero, Gen.
Omar Bradley, in the top spot.
We do not doubt the sincerity of Mr..
1ngerson in what he writes, but it
strikes us that it is somewhat remark
able that he has the temerity to suggest
that he alone knows what occurred
during the eventful days Of the Ameri-
can offensiveA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12

Is supposed to cloak such things.
But it is also a fact, and a deplor-
able fact. that the prestige of the
Supreme Court has suffered serious
damage.
Justice Jackson says that the con-
troversy between himself and Justice
Black, controversy which involves
other justices. "goes to the reputa-
ton OF the court for nonpartisan
and unbiased decision" and certain
ly. in this respect, the reputation
of the court has been impaired.
Briefly, the dispute revolves
around the refusal of Justice Black
to disqualify himself in suit
brought by the United Mine Work.
ers under the Wage-Hour Act to OBJ
tain payment for travel time in the
mines. Justice Black had supported
and managed this bill as a member
OF the Senate. In deciding, as
Judge, in favor of the miners he
reversed a position he had taken as
Senator. And the chief counsel
retained by the miners to argue
their case before the court was
man who formerly had been Jus
tlce Blacks law partner and who
had been employed as counsel by
the then Senator Black when he
and Senate committee became in
volved in litigation over the seizure
of kilograms.
Because of these circumstances,
Justice Jackson thought that Justice
Black should have disqualified him
self in the case. Justice Black
thought otherwise. An unnamed
member Of the court proposed that,
during a mine strike over a contract.
the decision in the travel time case
be handed down without waiting
for the opinion and dissent. The
apparent purpose, according to JUS
tice Jackson. was ito influence the
contract negotiations. Justice Jack
son wrote an opinion limiting at his
objection to Justice Blacks part in
the case. Justice Black threatened
a declaration OF war" Justice
Jackson told him that he would not
stand for "any more of his bully
ing" Justice Black took the posi-
ton. according to Justice Jackson.
that Il must Join him In covering
up the facts or have war" And
so on.
Those who have admired Justice
Jackson and who have felt that he
was the outstanding member of the
court will regret the tone of his
statement. 1t suffers from a lack
OF restraint, although it is directed
to condition which he presumably
felt did not call for restraint. I'm
fortunately public statements sell
dom remedy bad conditions, and,
assuming that the-personnel of the
court remains unchanged, it may be
expected that the Interpretation of
the law in our highest court will
continue to be embarrassed and
prejudiced by clashing personalities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
Judicial Explosion

The unprecedented Statement nv
Associate Justice Jackson brings into
the open a "feud" within the Sill
preme Court which cuts deeper and
which is more bitter than had been
generally realized. even among those
VINO knew that the internal situa-
ton in the court was very bad. Per-
haps it is better to have the whole
business out in the open instead of
permitting it to tester In the tradi-
tional atmosphere Of secrecy which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
Choice of Alternatives

The Senate Appropriations Com
mittee's report on the District ap-
preparation bill so clearly and so
logically presents the alternatives in
the fiscal policy to be pursued by
Congress toward the District that
reasonable men should have no diff
f1culty in making the choice
On the one hand we have a Sen
ate bill which, while falling short by
over two million dollars of the sum
recommended by the Commissioners
and the Budget Bureau, meets the
more Immediately urgent needs of
the community and is coupled with
q definite legislative proposal to
establish an annual method of
measuring precisely the amount to
be appropriated as the Federal pay
ment. BY committee amendment
Senator oMahoney hopes to in
crease this payment to $4,000, 900
for this year only. The amount of
this Federal payment will still be
less than the total municipal salary
increases since 1912 voted and to be
voted by Congress before the ses-
sion's end. A method is outlined,
however. by which to meet some of
the extraordinary expenses in cap
ital outlay proposed for the next few
years. ;
On the other hand we have, in
the House-approved version of the
District bill. an expediently arranged
ALLEGATION of the curtailed revenues
available for expenditure in the next
fiscal year. There is no accompany
Ing provision or proposal-for the
House subcommittee recommended
tons were stricken out by the full
Appropriations Committee-to pro-
vide for the additional revenue
which should be furnished by the
exclusively governing Congress on
account of the Federal projects
financed now by the local taxpayer.
Reductions in the appropriations
recommended by the Commission
ers were made in the House by .ig-
noring local needs.
It Is these two versions of the
District bill which presumably will
60 to the House and Senate con-
ferees for reconciliation. There is
nothing substantial In the Senate
Dill which has not been approved
IN principle by the House subcom-
mittee which went over the same
ground. The House subcommittee
found the National Government
falling short of meeting it's Just OBJ
legations, but was denied opportuni-
ty to recommend a reform. The
same subcommittee apologized, In
erect, for disallowing appropriations
which were in every respect justi-
f1ed. again for the reason that it
lacked means to do otherwise.
The issue presented in these two
versions of the District bill is far
more important than the mere al
lotment OF available revenue for the
next fiscal year. On it's settlement
depends determination of the fu-
ture of Washington, whether we are
TO continue to fall short of meeting
community needs because so much
revenue Is diverted to the support
OF national projects, or whether by
recognizing and meeting its own
financial responsibilities the Federal
Government will permit local reve-
nues to be used for essential local
needs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
Workmun's Recreation

Now ,O1lo WOULD think the bender, round
faced sun,
Who brings their morning light to
city folk,
Could sometimes ,Uedr a crimson cloud
for cloak?
When ,Oork is ouer, there is time for fun.
sato him, like merchant ON a spree,
Cast to the 1Danton Uinds his marital
ties,
Thro,o gold at every goddess In the
skies,
Then totter, ttpsy, from an apple tree.
MARGERY MANSFIELD,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12
Probably Won't Be
From the New Orleans Times Picayune.

From the New Orleans Times Picayune.
Fritz Kuhn, former German Ameri-
can bund" leader recently INHALED in
Germany, is quoted as saying: II would
go back to America in minute If
could" American officials make a lot
Of mistakes. but Fritzs comeback should
never be among them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-12

Wheat worms or nematodes are
reported by the United States De-
partment Of Agriculture to have
lain dormant for thifty7isine years
and then revived to be as vigorous
as ever. Republican party leaders
please note.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-04-13

sDraperien" fornen fSnnen. Wean
fiibrt aud Die oft gleidaeitig nit ben
Norolidtern beobabteten eromagne-
tiiben 5torlineen auf bic gribei.
nitne 5uriif. Docb 1T ibre @irfllng
auf ben grbmagnetismus MIR ge-
ring. Die eromagnetiiden Storungen
baben bielmebr Die gleihe l1riade
mie Die 0orolihter, itamIi1 bic ber-
mebrte eleftriife StrabInng Der
Sonne. Die Bolarlibter treten meiIt
5piihen iieben llbr abenbs uno Mit-
terna6t auf; l,nb Die 9eriobe ibrer
Saufigfeit betrast ipie Die Der Com
nenfleden uno Der eromagnetiihen
Storungen elf Sabre. sic iino elm
lidtbares 3ei6en fir oen ginfluB ser
eleftrii6en Stiirme oes Sonnenbaas
auf Die gr6e.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-04-13
s.. o., Neb. :

gu tpenig befannt ols 8orbeu,
gungsmitteI segen aae arten 1nge-
5iefer in Saus, 8arten uno Selo lit
Der Gblorfalf (gblorioe Of 2ime).
8egen ieines @eru6es bletbt bas
ltnge5iefer, Die Sliegen, Weauie uno
Staten fern. Sliegen fam man in
elmer gsa9t aus giebItallen nertrei-
ben, ipenn man Gblorfalf auf elmer
erbobten Steae anbringt uno elm
5eniter ettpos often ldBt. glu6 I'M
@arten uno alf Dem 6elo lit gblor.
falf elm nortreffli6es Mittel 5ur
gertreibung bon l1nge5iefer. @oblfel.
Ser uno anoere 9lrten bon @emiiIe
bleiben bon grofloben 1,no 3aupen
perihont, 1penn man tie nit gblor=
falf beiprengt. Gin @emi i6 our 8e.
iprengung bon Sbitbaumen miro fol.
genoermaBen bergeitellt: Gin Bfunb
Gblorfalf miidt man nit elmer @aI-
lone 8aiier. gs lit borteilbofter,
menn man Die 8eipritung gegen
abeno ooer friib morgens oorninmt.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-04-13
Iielten neue, biiblde Sarben baourh
erbalten. &ub lit audi elm gutter lln-
geaieferpertilaer.
s., g. ..

Sic gebrau6en einen miloen Mus.
orud, ipenn sic bos in eri9redfi6en,
OtaBe 5unebmenbe gbeicbeibungsiibeI
als cine rationale S1anoe beaeih.
men. So6D. Sobn u. S'8rien, 8ro-
feilor Der Bbiloiopbie bon Der Notre
Game l1nioerlitp, bot amerifas ltei-
genoe gbeldeioungen fiir cine gro
Bere @efabr als Die Mtombombe er.
flart. ~gbeI6eioung lit Der getpaItige
S6mieoebammer (Slebge Sammer),
Der ieoe pierte gbe in Stide 5er-
lblagt unb in abiebbarer i3eit ben
tnnern 3erfan Imertfas berbeifiibs
rem miro, tpie i'm ebemaligen failer-
liden Hom. @ir fonnen nidt tell.
namslos uno NIT ltrdfli9er @leibs
giiltigfeit 5uleben, tpenn uniere @e-
ridtsbofe nit unerborter gile Mann
llno 5rau auseinanoer reiben."
slls nd6itgroBtes l1ebel fir Die fa-
tboliide Stride bdtte So6tp. S'Brien
bin3ufiigen for1,en, muB oie suneb-
menoe Wiihebe be5ei6net tperoen, Die
Der fatboliiben Stride in ben letten
Sabr5ebnten Wfillionen BON @IGubi.
gen geraubt bat.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-04-13

lieen @anblune n1berte, frahten %
brauBen bie Boiler oufs neue. Gin
oonnernoes edo fiinoet oen nieltau-
ienoiabrigen 9ergrielen in Der ipei-
ten ltmgebung, baB ibr Shopfer iest
in Dem fleinen 8ergfir6letn nieoer-
iteisen miro. Sett fam Die beilise
8anolune. SIM @eeenias gu Dem
oonnernoen @erdui6 borber mar iett
cine lautlole Stille. go dbnIib mag
es 5ugeben, Denn beim 8eltenoe nod
al Dem 8irriparr Der toienoen Gle
mente cine plotlide Stille eintritt
lno ser WenldenIobn gum lebten
Geri6te nieoeriteist.
Had ser @anolung brobnten Die
Boiler bon nellem. gs fonnte einem
bange peroen BEL an Dem 0onnern
l1no Solen, bas Die Sprolerburi6e1l
gu gbren Ser Simmelsmutter unb
ibres gottliden &inoes beranitalten.
l1no sic 8erge rinsum anttporteten
nit einem langanoauernben g6o. Sr
ebernen Itforoen r1fen iie Stmmel
uno groe ouf itd NIT ibnen gum
2obe oes SofIten gu pereinigen, Der
perborgen unter 8rotsseItalt inmit-
ten ser Ilmbirten 1peilt, 1pie emit oas
gottli6e &ino unter ben Sirten aui
getblebems 5luren erl6ien.
(5ortieblns folgD
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1946-04-13
fSram Gh. g.. Wfifi. :

Oen iosenannten Mai-Eranf fann
man aiad obne r8alon1eiiter" berei-
ten, oa Der Woi-Granf Elm @eniih
bon auerlei Setlfr1utern entb1lt,
melde our 8lutreinisung beitragen
iolIen. Desbalb fann man oieien
Grant iofort, idon iebt, anfanss
Sritbiabr, bereiten, iobalo man Die
erforoerli6en &r1uter an Sano bot.
gean gebraudt ba5u 8feffern1i,15,
Salbet, 8latter Der i6paraen Soban-
Inisbeere, 8ermut, Hfiriibbldtter,
0in, 8eil6en ober SrangebIiiten,
penn man in einem Staat tpobnt, mo-
oieie gu baben iino. Cont gebrauae
man geriebene Srangeidalen. Mean
muB nun iebes bieier &rGuter ges
trennt in cine Saiie tl1n rno tpeiBen
8ein oarauf gieBen. Wan bedt oles
luftoi6t 5n uno laBt es ettpa 5ebn
bis 5polf Stunoen iteben. Damn gie-
re man cine Slai6e rotten uno cine
5loibe meiBen 8ein in elm groBes
8efaB uno fiige bon iebem Ser Ct
trofte ettpas bin5u. Die &unit be-
ltebt nun oarin, oaB man 10 mii6t
oab man feines Ser &r1uter beraus=
l6medt. 0ieie giien5 fann man 800
note lang peridloiien aufbeben. 9ann
miro aber oas cine ooer onoere &raut
bori6meden.
9tele arauter fonnen be5ogen
tperoen bon Scr. Intbonp Sperl, 1O6
Bius Street, Bittsburgb 3, ga.
slud bas inn ,8aiienfreuno' Ieit
Sabr5ebnten onge5eigte rSanos" ser
8olfram Company entbdlt oieie Sell
fra1ter nno lit elm portreffli6es 8lut-
reinigungsmittel.