davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-06-11
An Extruvuqunt Proposal

The District spends about $40 per
child per year in the public schools.
Under terms of the child center
bill, providing day care for the pre-
school and other children of work.
ing parents, the per capita cost is
estimated at $705 for the first year,
rising to nearly $500 as teacher
salaries automatically step up.
In other words, it is proposed to
spend ten times more on taking care
of a preschool infant during the
daytime than the District is able now
to spend on the same child's educa-
ton when he enters public school.
Some more comparisons: The
average amount per child paid to
parents under the aid for depend
ent children law is $l92. The average
foster home care for a fourteen
year -old District ward is $3.50. The
per capita cost for children at the
District Receiving Home is 1913 and
for the Industrial Home and Ma
tional Training Schools is something
more than that. The children COM
mitted to such institutions are cared
for twenty-four hours a day. The
child centers are for day nursery
care only.
About so per cent of the cost of
day care children is collected now in
fees from the parents. But once this
system becomes regular part of the
public schools, the cost to the public
will continue to rise, while the cost
to the parent will continue to drop.
Experience shows that such is the
inevitable trend. Only 40 children
are now enrolled in the day care
centers. But there are over 5000
children in the kindergartens. The
two figures give some indication of
the potential demand, once the serv-
ice becomes a regular part of the
public school system.
AS a matter of fact, in the present
condition of the District budget it
Is nothing less than preposterous to
consider adding the potentially ex-
pepst9da re centers to the pub.
lie school SYSTEM Fhe Commission
ers oppose it. The Board of Educa-
ton opposes it. The superintendent
of Seheogsopposes it. No public off,
cial III any manner responsible for
trying to find the money to finance
existing undertakings favors it. The
fact that the child centers might
serve useful purpose has nothing
to do with it. If we cannot afford
this service, it is an irresponsible act
to seek its addition to the local
budget, with the result that already
inadequate service to other children
will be further curtailed.
Evening star., 1946-06-11
This Changing World
By COnsf0nfine Bro.Un

Victory In Asia" is q Soviet propA-
ganda Aim, which, while widely dis
tributed in the countries behind the
iron curtain, is not likely to be shown
in the United States Or in Western
Europe.
A high American oficial had the op-
portunity of seeing the film at q pri-
vate showing In European capital. He
had to exercise good deal of insistence
to get the Soviet officials to produce it
for him and said that for the first time
since he has had dealings with the
U. s. S. r. they looked somewhat
sheepish" at the end of the perform.
ance
The film starts with events preceding
the first Japanese Russian war. The
people of Russia were then living in
peace, looking after their usual business,
While the Japanese war lords were work
Ing feverishly preparing for the war.
This, Of course, is all true. The picture
then shows the Japs' sneak attack on
the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, the
valiant resistance of the Russian armies
on the plains of Manchuria and th6r
ultimate defeat because of the rottenness
OF the imperial government and its cor
rupt and incompetent officialdom in St.
Petersburg. This also is true.
The picture becomes somewhat slant
ed" however, when it shows the Soviet
registering q single-handed victory over
Japan in the Second World War. And
this Is the most important and the
longest part Of the hlm.
Pictures Of long trains taking large
Russian forces abroad are presented to
the public. Mobilization and transporta-
tion scenes are shown for such q long
time that the onlooker gains the Inn
preston that millions of men must have
been poured into Asia Immediately after
the defeat of the Reich. This also is
sketched out as an exclusive Red Army
victory, since 1t shows the occupation
OF Berlin and the surrender Of the Nazis
without the slightest reference to the
other Allies.
Once the Russian forces reach Man
churia, ierce and bitter nights are shown
to have developed against a large and
stubborn Nipponese army. Although the
entire Soviet campaign in Manchuria did
not last even q week and consisted only
Evening star., 1946-06-11

Of some skirmishes, Victory in Asia"
creates the effect that the Red armies
had to fight for many weeks before a
fierce enemy was crushed In battles as
violent as those waged against the Nazis.
: Then comes the grand finale, which
embarrassed even the Soviet officials
who had to attend the private showing,
The Japanese are defeated. They sur
render. The surrender occurs on a
Russian battleship. The Soviet actors
who impersonated the representatives of
Emperor Hirohito arrive aboard the
stage battleship, which is crowded with
htghranking Russian military and naval
ofncers. They bow low and are ready
to receive the conditions imposed on
them by the victorious nation-the
U. 8. s. r.
In the background, behind the bevy
Of heavily goldbraided and bemedaled
Soviet marshals, generals and admirals,
there can be seen foreign uniform. 1t
Is so distant and indistinct that it is
dinicult to make out whether it portrays
an American or British officer
The unfair and gross emasculation of
history ordinarily would have caused
only smile on the part of the American
omcial who was privileged to see the
film. But it is known that "Victory
in Asia" is must" for all the satellite
countries which know little about what
went on in the war against Japan. 1t
tends to strengthen the belief of the
peoples behind the iron curtain that
Russia's power is irresistible and that
the Red Army won the war on all fronts
singlehanded.
The showing Of pictures such as "Vic-
tory in Asia" Is linked up with radio
broadcasts of the same nature. Our
military observer at Yenan reported that
Soviet loudspeakers placed In every town
or large village In the Communist
controlled area of China never once
mentioned that the United States had
contributed in any shape or form to
defeat Japan.
There has been no protest or unofiicial
representation about Victory in Asia. {"
The American high official politely
thanked his Russian hosts when the
show was over and remarked smilinsly
that the Aim was very interesting and
edifying.
Evening star., 1946-06-11
Retiring Flag Officers

Inc NaVy'S peacetlme demobiliza-
ton is extending into the topside
ranks of older flag officers, including
a number of colorful veterans who
won honors in both World Wars.
Nearly hundred of flag rank,
namely, admirals and commodores,
are in the process OF being retired,
according to an announcement by
the Navy Department. Others are
to be denoted from their temporary
wartime ranks to their regular
peacetime standing on the promo
ton lists. Among fifty eight flag
officers listed as in a retirement
proceeding pending" status are two
full admirals of long and distin-
guished service-Royal e. Ingersoll,
commander of the Atlantic Fleet,
and Samuel M. Robinson. wartime
chief of naval material. An addi-
tional forty high-ranking officers
are on terminal leave.
1t was inevitable that age should
give way to youth. relatively speak
ing, in the postwar reorganization
of the Navy. During the late war the
Navy called back to active duty
many retired officers to fill emer-
gency assignments. Other officers
who ordinarily would have gone on
the retirement list by reason of age
were retained on duty. Some of
these older officers already have
been released. With the enactment
on February 21 last of q new retire.
ment law which lowered the retir-
ment age from "a to 81 years, the
scope of the impending retirement
program was greatly extended. That
law exempted only the fleet admirals
from the mandatory retirement pro-
cedure. Incidentally, it authorized
the retirement of officers at the
highest ranks held during the war,
a well-werited gesture Of apprecia-
Evening star., 1946-06-11
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

MADISON, Wis-The La Toilette ira
dition, more than half q century old In
Wisconsin and in the United States
Senate, Is being challenged today by 4
fghting young Irishman. Judge Joe
Mccarthy, captain in the Marine Air
Force in the recent war Judge Nc
Carthy Is seeking the Republican sena-
torial nomination for the seat now held
by Senator Bob La Toilette, young
Bob" who has been q Senator now for
more than 20 years. Win or lose, Sena-
tor La Toilette will know that he has
been in q scrap when the votes are
counted on primary day, August Is
This 36-year- judge-of the 10th
judicial circuit Of Wisconsin-is a
dynamic, thoroughly likable PERSONAL
ity, with a capacity for hard work and
hard campaigning. Born on . farm,
son Of farmer, he lived on q farm until
past the age that most boys 20 to high
school. When he enrolled, he did
four-year course in one year and moved
on to Marquette University. He worked
his way through college and law school.
One of his jobs was university boxing
coach. After practicing law for q couple
Of years, Mr. Mccarthy defaed tradi-
ton and the advice OF older lawyers and
ran for election Is circuit judge-and
won. o,.u..,.., =,
When the war rolled around, Judge
Mccarthy wanted to 60. As 4 Judge
he was not subject to the draft. So he
enlisted. He had 80 months service,
much Of the time In the combat area in
the South Pacific, taking q leave Of
absence from his judicial ONCE. His
service was commended by Admiral
Nimitz and by Gen. H. r. Harmon, COM
mander Of aircraft in the Solomon Is
lands and commandant for air OF the
Marine Corps.
While he was away on military serv-
ice in 1914, Judge Mccarthy permitted
his friends to entels him in the race for
the senatorial nomination against Ssna-
tor Wiley, Republican. Although he was
unable to take part in the political CAM
paign, Mr. Mccarthy ran second to Sen
ator Wiley in this contest, and made a
good showing. When he returned to
Wisconsin last year-out of the service
and resumed his job as Judge, Mr.. Nc
Carthy. knowing that another senatorial
nomination was to be made this year,
began systematically campaigning about
the State, just In case the lightning
should strike him.
The lightning did strike, when the
Republican organization held . prepri-
mary convention and decided to indorse
Evening star., 1946-06-11

candidates. 1t Endorsed Judge Mccarthy
Tor the Senate. This u the organiza-
ton dominated by the so-called
Republican voluntary State committee.
headed by Thomas c. Coleman, Wis
consin businessman and arch foe of the
La Toilette clan
Judge Mccarthy has been attacked
in the press here because he has not
resigned from the bench to enter the
primary for the senatorial nomination.
A State constitutional provision pro-
hibits judges from running for political
ONCE during the terms for which they
have been elected judge. Judge Nc
Carthy, however. has gone carefully
into the matter and contends that the
constitutional provision does not prevent
his running for United States Senator,
but only for State once. On the ethical
side Of the question, he points out that
Senator Ferguson of Michigan was
judge when he was nominated Senator
Further, he calls attention to the fact
that he could. while circuit Judge, run
for Judge OF the State Supreme Court
II he wished, Is other judges have
done. So he is holding fast to his judi
cial ONCE until the Issue in this pri-
mary campaign has been finally re-
solved and he is either defeated or
nominated for the Senate. 49,
Judge Mccarthy has plenty of wit and
is good talker His present drive
for . seat in the United States SEN
ate, particularly against q seasoned
veteran with the name Of La Toilette
an immense asset in Wisconsin-is all
Of part Of his more or less adventurous
life.
Should he win, which seems doubt
ful. the victory will be due in large
part to his own initiative and fighting
qualities. He has the advantage Of the
backing Of an organization strongly
opposed to La Toilette and which re-
sents bitterly the Senator's attempt to
re-enter the Republican party, q party
which La Toilette left in 1894 to estab-
llsh the Progressive party-now defunct.
The youthful Judge is bachelor, per-
haps because in his busy adult life
he has no time or inclination to marry.
In politics he is strongly committed to
international collaboration and to q
square deal for the farmers. labor and
management. It Is his conviction that
returning veterans of the war feel as
he does-that everything possible must
be done through collaboration with
other nations to maintain the peace
and that every possible support must
pe given the United Nations.
Evening star., 1946-06-11

OF airborne attack would certainly be
the detection Of airborne missiles or
OF planes carrying such missiles at rs
great = distance from their intended
targets as possible. II such attacks
become subject to detection the moment
they pass over the border of enemy
controlled land areas and come above
either sea areas or land areas which
we control by reason Of our control of
the sea, it should be obvious that We
possess an immense advantage in time,
Tor our defensive techniques can come
into operation while the air attacks
are still thousands of miles distant from
the vital centers Of the continent of
North America. Reversing the pro-
cedure. a land-based enemy could de-
tect our air attacks only when they were
comparatively close to their intended
targets-that is, ut the edge of the
area which his land-power controlled.
But we should not place too great
emphasis on this defensive ADVANTAGE,
because it cannot be decisive. Its value
lies In preserving our offensive power
from any surprise attack In order that
1t may be used to overwhelm any future
enemy which We may have. It is in
the development and employment of
this offensive power that military deci-
sion still lies, as it has in our past wars.
We have seen that having produced
our weapons We must be able to trans
port them from the place Of production
to the place where they are to be used
Here airpower alone is at . disadvan-
tage, because the weights to be carried
are enormous, and airborne means are
still not able to compete with sea-
borne means when it comes to carrying
great weights for long distances.
Thus for the future We may sum up
the importance of seapower to the
United States by saying that for Of
fensive and defensive purposes, the pos
session Of adequate means to control
the sea means freedom Of action not
only over the whole Of the oceanic sur
face Of the globe, but the control of
islands and the ability to come to the
aid of continental friends possessing
oceanic coast lines. In the future as in
the past the military advantages thus
conferred seem likely to be decisive, and
the possessor of those advantages, as
long as they are firmly held and prop
erly understood, Is one whose voice Will
never be disregarded in the councils Of
the nations.
eessvnshA 1sls3
Evening star., 1946-06-11
DeCiSiveneSS of Sea Power
By Georfe FieIdins Eliot

In estimating the importance of sea-
power as military weapon, rs q con-
tribution to the blue chips" of national
power, there is one fundamental fact
which must be recognized at the outset.
That fact is that tbs per cent OF the
surface Of this globe is water and only
28.5 per cent Is land. To be able to use
nearly three-quarters of the surface of
the world for offensive operations, and
to deny that part of the world to any
hostile power for such purposes, is 4
military advantage OF commanding i'm
portance. 1t is a military advantage
which is sometimes discounted by say
ing that the air covers land and sea
alike. and that in the air age, therefore,
the ability to use water surfaces is no
longer Of great consequence. But this
is, as I shall hope to show, a hasty and
nl-considered assumption.
Airpower, like all other forms of mil
itary power, has as its final purpose
the delivery of destructive missiles and
other forms of violent attack against
decisive hostile targets. To do that
the missiles and the means Of carrying
and delivering them must first be
produced. Then they must be carried
W GAlC pldIC W1lClC gllCy dlC " UC uSSO.
Then they must be delivered, in such
manner and at such time and place as
to be effective.
First, therefore, its means Of produc-
ton must be ample, and must be secure
from direct attack. Otherwise 1t can be
para1yZed at the outset. During the last
two wars, it was command Of the sea
which gave the United States the COM
plete security for preparation and
production which 1t enjoyed.
With increase In the range Of air.
borne weapons, 1t is not likely that
such complete security can again be
enjoyed by this or any other country;
but it should be clear that command
Of the sea will enormously contribute,
still, to our defensive measures. First,
because we shall by possessing it be
able to prevent any enemy from using
seaborne weapons to attack us, and
thus confine hostile efforts to land
based air attacks. Second, because we
shall by possessing 1t be able to widen the
scope Of our defensive operations to in
clude Ills per cent Of the surface Of the
world. plus all Of the outlying land
positions which we can reach, support
and maintain only by sea. As an ex-
ample Of what this may mean, q
principal facto Ia reducing the effect
Evening star., 1946-06-11

Savoy are bound up with those Of
Italy" Victor Emmanuel II was
proclaimed King of the new Italian
kingdom on February 10, 1861. His
son Humbert I, having been assas-
sinated in 1900, was followed by Vic
tor Emmanuel III, who shortly will
be Joined in exile by his son, Hum
bert II. What the future holds for
these survivors of vanished pomp
and circumstance" nobody knows
least of all themselves.
Evening star., 1946-06-11
The Savoy Clan

The House of Savoy may have lost
the last vestige of its power, but it's
name will be safe in the annals of
Europe. Many faults the dynasty
unquestionably had, many mistakes
1t made. In "the long scroll of time"
however, it justified it's pretensions
by it's constructive performances.
During nine centuries it ruled the
duchy of Savoy and adjacent Pied
mont. For the better part of
hundred years it reigned over the
united kingdom of Italy. If now it
completely disappears, there may
be more than a few persons who
will regret the loss.
According to accepted legend, Um-
berto Biancamano-H -Humbert of the
White Hand-was the founder of the
clan. He was Count of Salmourenc
in 1908. Gradually adding to his
properties, he became by 1856
power on both sides of the Alps, con-
trolling the passes of Mont Cenis
and Saint Bernard His descendants
-Oddone, Thomas I, Amadeus v,
Amadeus VII, Amadeus VIII (who,
though not priest, was raised to
the papal throne as Felix W and
others - consistently followed his
policy of acquisition in peace and
war alike. Their administration
commonly was mild and unresented.
1t was despotism, undoubtedly;
yet 1t was not starkly tyrannical
beyond endurance
So tradition developed to the ef-
feet that the Savoy princes could be
trusted. Their difficulties generally
came from the systematic endeavor
of France to bring their lands under
control. On occasion their own
mobiles were stirred up to rebellion
by agents from Paris. To offset the
intrigues and not infrequent mill
tary attacks of the French kings,
they cultivated the friendship of
Spain-only to find it a costly and
N%Ah6SASho 14A1o11IC. NAdUUClS WeIS
complicated rather than simplified
when Victor Amadeus II was made
King of Sicily in 1713 and, in ex-
change for that title, King of Sar-
dinia in 1718. His heirs sided with
France in the War of the Polish Sue
cesSion and with Austria in the War
of the Austrian Succession At the
start of the French Revolution Vic
tor Amadeus III supported the roy
alists, with the result that Savoy at
long last definitely was added to
French zone of influence. Napoleon
at Marengo "reafflrmed his position
in Italy" but the Congress of Vienna
gave back to Victor Emmanuel the
dominions the French had annexed.
From this time," says Luigi VAL
bri. "the fortunes of the House of
Evening star., 1946-06-11
Or Bigger Wars Invented?
rom the New Orleans Times Picayune,

From the New Orleans Times Picayune
Despite war famine and disaster, the
worlds population Is estimated to have
increased 2o0.00o,000, or about 10 per
cent, in 10 years. A population expert
concludes that II this rate of gain were
to hold, about is new earths will need
to be discovered or created every CEN
tmy to keep people free fr6m want.
Evening star., 1946-06-11
The Labor Dilemma

To the Editor Of The Star:
Incompetent lawmakers and greed for
pecnuiary gains by employers and en-
sspoyes srs. the major causes for the
present siabuFssAnrest. Our statesmen
fail to see our industries and markets
organized on a national scale, with
most industrf4f workers engaged in in
terstateS State laws regulat-
Ing health, safety and compensation OF
injured employees engaged in interstate
commerce are antiquated. Competition
Is nationwide. Regulations must be
on the same basis. if no section Of the
country Is to receive special favors.
State laws respecting workmen's COM
pensation should be restricted to indus
tries engaged in intrastate commerce.
Congress should prescribe the minimum
conditions Of employment for all work.
ers engaged in interstate commerce 1t
should pass health and safety regula-
tions, enact a model workmen's COM
pensation law and supplement trade
education by operating trade schools for
all those engaged in interstate COM
merce. The cost of this program should
be assessed against the industries. II
Congress did not shirk its duties, John
L. Lewis could not demand a private
welfare fund for the benefit OF the
miners.
The rule that workers cannot strike
against their Government is an excellent
one, but it should be used only against
employees who permanently are en-
ployed by the Government. The rail-
road employees and the miners derive
their livelihood from private industries.
When government invokes such q
strike rule against workers engaged in
free enterprise, then 1t is performing
the functions of strike breaking
agency.
The President could have shown
craftsmanship by demanding the ma
tionalization Of the railroads. Such ac-
ton would serve notice to both manage
ment and labor that If they desire to
maintain free enterprise in basic in
dustries, they must settle their differ
ences at the conference table
RICHARD j.. ZAVERTNIK.
Evening star., 1946-06-11

William Hazlitt should be remem-
bered. If only for the beauty of his
tribute to Charles Lamb: HE con-
quered poverty and hereditary mad
ness. and won an imperishable name
in English literature, all in silence
and with q smile"
Evening star., 1946-06-11
Green Corn GROWING

Underne0th q tealotD moon
The small pond 0liste1in1,
Whippoor1DiLs complaining,
And the green corn listening;
Sly around the cottonwood
Ths hunter-,Dind stalking
Something in the grasses,
And the green corn talking:
Honey -sireet meadows phits
With tpild cIocer blotoing,
Drinking In the moonlight,
And The 0resx com groauinS.
( YEIZA GILLESPIE.
Evening star., 1946-06-11

A Russian scientist predicts the
extension Of the average life span
to $50 years. This should make 1t
possible for the average citizen to
participate in 1ive or six world wars
instead of only two.
Evening star., 1946-06-11
And Even Then!

Prom the Richmond Times Dispatch.
With homes In the shape OF hsnais-
pheres, and new motorcars more strean-
lined than ever, life becomes defanitely
crowded unless ones forehead recedea
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-10-01

5 60t