davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-18

only about so per cent of the potential
voters turned out to go to the polls.
1t was Senator Wheeler's charge that
a great deal of money was brought in
to the State to defeat him-from New
York and California. 1t is not his pur-
pose-unless new facts should develop
to further contest the election of Mr.
Erickson, the 40-year-old judge whom
he has congratulated" on his victory.
The Montana Senator had the in
dorsement of President Truman, who
in letter denounced criticisms of Mr..
Wheeler as an enemy Of organized labor,
and also the Endorsement of John L.
Lewis, president of the United Mine
Workers. These Endorsements, however.
were unavailing or came too late in the
contest.
What happens in the November sena-
torial election is now in the lap of the
gods Montana has generally been
Democratic over long period of years.
The vote between the parties, however,
has been close-even in Mr.. Roosevelt's
victories over Messrs Willkie and Dewey.
and today Montana has a Republican
Governor, Mr. Ford, and one of it's two
Representatives in the House is Re-
publican. The primary contest in the
Democratic party was intense and has
left sore spots that may not heal
quickly. While the vota in the Demo-
cratic primary was much larger than
in the Republican, that does not neces-
sarily mean that in the general election
Montana will select Democratic Sena-
tor
1t Is well within the possibilities that
the Republicans will take the Wheeler
Senate seat, defeating Mr. Erickson. In
fact, Mr.. Wheeler might have been cas-
lily a much more difficult man for the
COP to beat. If the Republican swing
which is sensed in other States, should
penetrate Montana, the Republicans
may pick up a Senate seat which had
been generally regarded as sure for
Wheeler.
Mr.. Wheeler is a veteran of many
hard battles in the Senate, to which he
first came in 1928 as a flaming liberal
from the West. He made a reputation
for himself as a brilliant investigator
during the Harding and Coolidge days.
AS chairman of the Senate Interstate
Commerce Committee for many years
he has handled much railroad legisla-
ton, and legislation for the FEC and
the Federal Trade Commission, and
has done a good job.
Senator Wheelers independence was
proverbial, and he never compromised
when it came to matter of principle
There was nothing graceful about his
oratory, but he was hard-hitting and
convincing sneaker
Evening star., 1946-07-18
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The New Dealers-the hundred per
cent F. D. r. supporters-and the CLOS
PAC are jubilant today over the defeat
of Senator Burton K Wheeler in the
Democratic senatorial primary.
Mr.. Wheeler, although a steadfast
friend of labor throughout his "a years
in the upper house, strongly opposed the
late President Franklin D. Roosevelt on
many occasions, particularly on his
foreign policy and on his Supreme
Court packing bill in 1887. This the
New Dealers and the PAC would not
forget.
The retirement of Senator Wheeler
men Of that body Despite the Roose-
velt antipathy to Senator Wheeler, the
latter was renominated and reelected
in 1910 in big way. In 1882 Mr.. Wheel
er was one of the first Of the important
Democratic leaders to campaign vigor-
ously for the nomination Of Roosevelt
for President. After Mr.. Roosevelt's
election and advent to Washington
there arose differences between the
two. and the break became definite
when Mr.. Wheeler led the fight against
the Presidents Supreme Court bill.
His defeat is the third in primary
and poll ical convention of Senators
who prior to Pearl Harbor were iso-
lationists. The others were Senator
Shipstead of Minnesota and Senator
Willis of Indiana. Also former Senator
Nye Of North Dakota, another isola-
zionist, was defeated. IN an effort to
stage a comeback to the Senate. Sena-
tor LANCER Of North Dakota. who with
Mr.. Shipstead voted against United
States adherence to the United Ma
tions, won denomination and so did
Senator Butler, who was attacked for
his foreign-policy views by Gov. Girls
void The record to date in these
senatorial contests is two to one against
the isolationists and in favor of inter-
national collaboration.
Senator Wheeler's victorious opponent,
Left Erickson, attacked Mr.. Wheeler
throughout the campaign as an isola-
zionist and an opponent of national de-
fense, making this one of his prime
issues. However, there were other ele-
ments working against Mr.. Wheeler.
A strike in the Anaconda mines was
one. The workers charged that Senator
Wheeler was company man"-which
he was not. The PAC was extremely
active against him and Endorsed Mr.
Erickson early in the campaign. The
upshot was that in the industrial CEN
ters of the State, like Butte, the vote
went heavily against Mr. Wheeler, while
in the eastern agricultural part of the
State, where Mr.. Wheeler was strong,
Evening star., 1946-07-18
De Gaulle and Coal
By Perfinar

PARIS, July 18 (NANA) French pol
icy, as regards German affairs Is about
to be defined anew and there is reason
to believe that Gen. Charles de Gaulle,
himself, will do it. On June 16, in
BayeuX, Gen. de Gaulle came forward as
the champion of a constitutional pat
tern of government allowing for very
strong executive. In a public address
shortly, Gen. de Gaulle will bring up to
date his plans in relation to the Ruhr,
Rhineland and the Saar.
A growing number of political observ-
ers here see deliberate intent on Gen.
de Gaulle's part to assert his lead
erShip of the French nation. They feel
sure the oratorical campaign which he
began very modestly at Clemenceau's
grave last May is bound to culminate
in the temperance of Frances foremost
leader Of resistance at the head of the
government.
VyacheSlav Molotov's declaration in
the Foreign Ministers Council last week
against political separation of the Ruhr
area from the body of the German
nation (the fundamental article in the
program for German reconstruction
worked out by the French) did not
come as great surprise to Georges
Bidault and his advisers. Three weeks
earlier, Russian Deputy Foreign Minis
ter Decanosov had warned a French
diplomat of the step about to be taken
by his chief. But what has dismayed
the French is the use made of Mr..
Molotov's declaration by Russian propa-
gandists in Germany to capture the good
will Of German chauvinists. In pop
ular cartoon produced by a Russian
artist, for instance, French soldier
is pictured in the act of grabbing
huge block OF coal. A German family
sits around and looks on, but a big
Russian hand reaches out to hold back
the Frenchman.
The Polish Undersecretary for Foreign
Affairs, M. Modzelwski, is expected to
reach Paris today or tomorrow and
forthwith Franco-Polish declaration
will be made public. This is the out
come Of the initiative for which Mr..
Bidault was responsible last February
in London when in attendance at the
U. N. Security Council meeting. At
that time Mr.. Modzelwski, Communist
leader who was supposed to WELD domi-
nant influence at the Polish Ministry
Evening star., 1946-07-18

Despite official denials to the press
by Mr.. Acheson that there were no diff
ferences between the War and State
Departments regarding the sending of
arms to Argentina, it is apparent that
there could be nothing less than an i'll
feeling among the Army's officials to-
ward the State Department because
OF the many barriers placed in their
way in Latin America.
More than year ago bilateral staff
conversations, which had been ap-
proved by the State Department, were
held between high-ranking United
States Army officers and representatives
OF all the Latin American nations with
the exception of Argentina.
The conversations looked toward as
sisting the Latin countries by letting
them have new United States military
equipment for old guns, ammunition,
etc., of European make. The republics
welcomed the prospect of such a step
and officially replied to all questions
asked and furnished all the statistics
required.
But nothing ever came of the conver-
cdeioilc dltllOoSil lilt wal bcpdI tiIlSllt
turned over to the State Department a
program embodying proposed legisla-
tion to implement the staff conversa-
tions. Certain high War Department
officials toured all the Latin republics
last November and it was apparen- to
them that faith in the word and promise
Of the United States Government had
been destroyed.
Aside from the loss of prestige in the
Latin American countries other than
Argentina, this Government now ap-
pears to be headed for even further
difficulties with Peron, whom it has
never liked because of his pro-Nazi
leanings.
Rising larger on the horizon is the
picture of increasing Russian influence
in Argentine affairs, and because of
the rebuff of Gen Won der Becke in
Washington, President Peron is ex-
pected to lean toward closer collabora-
ton with the Soviet. The fact that
Peron is said to have tossed Won der
Becke overheard is only one indication
of that leaning
Evening star., 1946-07-18
Our Troops Abroad

Recent reports concerning the dis
graceful behavior that seems to be
all too prevalent among our occupa-
tional troops in Japan and Germany
make it plain that the problem is not
merely a matter of restoring tradi-
tional American military discipline
and prestige; it is a question of
averting a serious disruption of our
effort to restore peace and good
order in War-torn world.
Lieutenant General Robert l..
Eichelberger, commander of Allied
ground forces in Japan, is authority
for the assertion that hoodlumism
and outright criminality among our
troops are "endangering the mission
of the occupation."' Almost simul-
taneously with publication of his
month-old statement came news of
a startling increase in the venereal
disease rate among American SOL
diers in Europe. Previously. General
Joseph T. McNarney, theater COM
mander, had warned his men
against a trend toward public mis-
conduct and lawlessness.
1t is significant that both Generals
Eichelberger and McNarney have at
tributed the disciplinary deteriora-
ton and it's train of evils to the fact
that the bulk of our occupational
forces is composed of youthful, green
recruits. Too-rapid demobilization
led to too-rapid processing of re-
placements. The men sent abroad
to relieve combat veterans have, for
the most part, lacked the long, ar
duous-and profitable-training of
the well-disciplined troops who
fought end won the war. Moreover,
they lack the esprit de corps of men
fighting a common enemy. Too
often, for reasons yet to be ex-
planned, the only enemy they have
to fight is deadly idlenesS in a for
eign land. Nothing is to be gained
by temporizing further with these
conditions, nor by attempting to
cover them up. The public at home
Evening star., 1946-07-18

of Foreign Affairs openly supported the
French claim for setting up an inter-
national regime in the Ruhr
M. Modzelwskis utterances were sup
posed to reflect the trend of Russian
diplomacy. Therefore, the draft of the
Franco-Polish declaration-as prepared
five months ago-was intended to herald
a full-fedged treaty of alliance Today,
with the disappointment felt over Rus
sias attitude, very little is left of that
high sounding document. AS it stands,
the Franco-Polish declaration does little
beyond emphasizing an existence of cul-
tural ties.
Gen. De Gaulle, am told, Is being
urged to raise his voice in favor of the
long-delayed alliance with England. But
the reasoned opinion of observers here
Is that seldom has the task of harmo-
nlzlng the national interests of France
and England looked more difficult than
1t does today.
\ +
In the months to come delivery of
German coal mined in the British zone
Will perforce diminish, since British ad-
min1strators of that zone, determined as
they are to make it a paying concern,
are going to increase all coal allotments
to local industries. French experts also
are convinced that, whenever German
coal mines are at last exploited to the
full and yield as much coal as before
the war, the British will nevertheless
prevent Frances metallurgical industry
from expanding through the help of
coke shipments from Westphalia.
Every intelligent Frenchman realizes
his country cannot recover her lost
position among the nations of the
world unless it becomes big industrial
power and that the key to Frances re-
surgence is this: That Germany should
be placed under treaty obligation to
sell German coke in fixed quantities to
the French steel and iron works. To
that effect clause is being prepared
for insertion in any future peace treaty
with Germany, and Mr.. Bidault may
attempt before long to win British ap-
proval for this in advance.
But the British government can
hardly hope to bring into being again
the former British level of existence
unless Britains export trade increases
IS per cent. Such considerations may
prove an insuperable bar to Anglo
French political and economic Coop
Grafton for many years to come.
Released, North American Newspaper A1liance.)
Evening star., 1946-07-18
Senator WheeIer's Defeat

Ever since he first came to the
Senate, and there are only three
there now who have sat in the
Senate longer, Burton X. Wheeler
has been making enemies. He was
one of the Montana scandalmon-
gers" who helped uncover Teapot
Dome and the rottenness in the
Department of Justice under Harry
M. Daugherty. He was secure in
his reputation as fighting liberal
before the days of Roosevelt, but
his concept of liberalism made him
vote against the NRA and the AAA
of 1888 and. later, in 1887, he pitched
in tooth and nail to help defeat the
Roosevelt court plan. He was against
cloture in the antipoll tax and FEPC
fights, but he was for minimum
wage, housing subsidies and most
of the iberal and labor legislation.
Some of the fights he made against
New Deal legislation discredited him
with New Deal stalwarts, including
President Roosevelt, and there have
been some among his friends who
felt that the personal bitterness be-
tween these two men Influenced the
course he followed in becoming the
outstanding, certainly the most
effective, of the isolationists in the
Senate. To those who watched his
fight against such acts as the repeal
of the arms embargo in 1889, con-
Scription, extension of the draft
period, lease-lend, transferring ships
to Great Britain and other chapters
of our inevitable progress into war,
it seemed that Senator Wheeler had
developed>a blind spot which totally
eclipsed the realities of the times
and left him standing more stub
bornly than wisely in opposition.
There will be an inclination to
attribute his defeat to this isolation
ism, and he will be included with
Shipstead and Nye among the isola-
tionists who have been removed by
the new currents toward interna-
tionalism. But it is probably not as
simple as that. It was Senator
Wheeler's committee which promptly
reported out the Presidents emer-
gency strike legislation, and that
turned railroad labor against him.
He was opposed by the CIO-PAC and
those elements Of labor that have
come to look on the Wheeler type
OF liberalism as reactionary. For
while Senator Wheeler has changed
Evening star., 1946-07-18
Indian and Water Lily

Painting by George De Forest Brush)
Like coppery arro,O he has come
Parting the leaty silence OF the trees.
light as blue as dark delphinium
Shines from his jet-black hair. Soft
mysteries
OF the pale heronS plumage noto are
quite
Forgotten as the strong-boaD cast to
earth,
Forgotten as all else except the sight
OF petaled glory in the Wdter's girth.
And he, the tall brape, leans aboDe phite
fire,
Kneels at fragrant altar ,uhile his
Discerns rinSing ,oonder leaping
higher,
Cleansing the Ualls until they sting
and smart
Aching, and empty, eager to possess,
His slim bro,0n fingers reach to,Dard
loneliness.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1946-07-18
Whot judo MIGHT Soy

FeTLapS Inere is something that
the tranSplanted natives of Bikini
can teach us. They are on Rongerik
now, and a party of distinguished
Americans has just told them how
deeply the President and people of
the United States appreciate the
sacrifice they have made in offering
up on the altar of science the little
island that had been their home for
at least twelve generations. They
have heard, too, how the atomic
bomb exploded over their lagoon,
and they have seen pictures of the
gigantic radioactive cloud mush-
rooming up and up. But they have
commented on all this with the
greatest of circumspection-p politely,
smilingly, in complete friendliness,
yet without committing themselves
to any definite endorsement of the
wonders we have wrought.
Maybe the Bikinians have nothing
to tell us, but then again maybe they
have. Maybe, if we invited King
Juda, their leader, to visit us he
might say certain unsaid things
that are in his heart-things he
may be withholding now only be-
cause he is Christian gentleman
who has no wish to deflate us or
question the ultimate meaning and
direction of our genius Here, going
through our crowded and nervous
cities, he might discourse on the
human spirit, on happiness, on the
good society, and he might challenge
us to point to anything better in
our land than he and his people
enjoy in the far-off Pacific. Exem-
plary conduct, no crime. individual
dignity, freedom, simplicity, gentle
ness of manner, plentiful food, love,
song, laughter, work, play-these
are all theirs under splendid sky
on dot of land shaded by waving
palm trees and surrounded by a
deep-blue sea.
The "conveniences" of our civil
ization, the gadgets, the autos, the
trains, the planes, the endless hustle
and hustle, are not theirs. King
Juda might say to us that we can
keep these things entirely to our
selves. He might say that the
Bikinian way is the better way, that
the Bilinian wisdom is the greater
wisdom, that the Bikinian mind is
mind at peace with itself and that
therefore it knows, more than we
know, the secret of enjoying life.
He and his people, he might say,
have sacrificed an inanimate island
on the altaf of science, and then he
might add that our sacrifice may be
much more seriouS-that we may
be in danger of offering up not
unfeeling soil but ourselves and our
happiness, and that in truth, with
the atomic bomb and our host of
other wonders, with our Supremely
learned chronological society, with
our feverish getting and spending,
with our era of ever-increasing
complexity, we may not be nearly
so we'll off as he, nor half so wise for
all our knowing. Juda might be
quite wrong if he said this, but still
he would have point worth
mentioning.
Evening star., 1946-07-18
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,yn

Latest reports from Argentina indicate
that President Juan D. Peron has
thrown into the discard Gen. Carlos
Won der Becke as result of the failure
OF the generals special mission to
Washington last month.
These reports are somewhat disturb
ing to some observers because of the
fact that Gen. Won der Becke, a pro-
fessional soldier, who has had reputa-
ton for straightforward dealings, made
favorable impression on certain cir
cles in this country, even If he didn't
on others. Prior to his visit, the general
had been considered close to President
Peron in Argentina's future planning,
and proponents Of closer American COL
laboration with Argentina view his re-
moval as another barrier to the fulfill
ment Of their hopes.
Gen. Won der Beckes visit was far
from pleasant-for him. It was the
direct result of a long fight between
American War and State Department
officials over the question of sending
arms to Argentina. The general came
here with the direct purpose Of discuss
ing with this Government the imple-
mentation of the Chapultepec agree
ment regarding hemisphere defense and
also to get a promise of arms.
II
After comedy of errors-that is,
denials and counterdenials by the
United States Embassy at Buenos Aires
and United States Army officials in the
Argentine capital regarding the trip
Gen. Won der Becke boarded a plane
for Miami. The State Department did
not like the idea of his visit and, at first,
refused to give him a visa.
When the department found 1t could
do nothing to stop the trip, it finally
decided to tie Gen. Eisenhower's hands
as fully as possible, although the de-
partment previously had asked the aid
of Gen. Eisenhower in the matter.
While he was in Washington Gen.
Won der Becke conferred with various
military leaders, including Gen. Eisen-
hover. and also held a twp-and-a-
half-hour meeting with the then Acting
Secretary of State Dean Acheson. which
Spruille Braden, Assistant Secretary Of
State and former Ambassador to Argen-
tina also attended
Evening star., 1946-07-18
Our Policy on Russiu

Earl Browder, the "deposed" head
OF the American Communist party,
having just returned from Moscow,
gave voice the other day to the
warning that getting tough" with
Russia is "the most mischievous
thing in international relations" !"
But the idea that the United States
is following such policy merely for
the sake of being ornery or showing
off its MUSCLES policy which not
a few unthinking people seem to
favor-is a misconception seriously
distorting what this country is
really trying to do.
AS Secretary Byrnes and Senator
Vandenberg have made clear in
their admirably fortnight addresses
on the recent Paris meeting of
Foreign Ministers, Americas policy
is solely and simply one of seeking
to establish a decent world peace
with as little delay as possible. To
this end, aware of the differences
between eastern communism and
western democracy, it has found it
necessary to deal bluntly and
frankly with the Russians in an
effort to convince them that we ale
not conspiring with anybody against
them, that we are not attempting
to coerce them, that we genuinely
want no more war, but that we
ourselves refuse to be coerced from
what we believe to be the right
course in working toward a good
international future.
Senator Vandenberg has stated
the case very we'll. In his words,
the basic trouble between us is dis
trust and suspicion, heightened on
one side by Russia's iron curtain"
and its proselyting and propaganda
activities, and on the other side by
what it regards as signs of the
western world being organized
against it. These fears must be
mutually dispelled if there is to be
a sound peace, and as his contribu-
ton to the task of dispelling them
MIR. Vandenberg-and in this he has
spoken for most Americans-has
offered these simple but basic
truths, with the plea that Moscow
accept them with complete convic-
ton: CD That America deeply
respects the Russian l,eople and
their right to their own form of
government-the same right which
we insist upon for ourselves and
others; (2) that we have mo thought
of conquest in our souls" and are
just as determined as they are never
again to tolerate the curse of
military aggression; 90 that we are
ready to cooperate with every land
showing reciprocal good will; but
(4) that we cannot be driven,
coerced, or pressured" into positions
against our will and that we refuse
to bargain in human rights and
fundamental liberties anywhere on
EARTH"
To say these things frankly is not
to make mischief by showing off
ones muscles. 1t is simply to COM
bine tenacity and firmness with pa
tience and fair play in an earnest
and urgent effort to build a better
world on strong foundations of
mutual trust and understanding. 1t
is policy that cannot rightly be
called getting tough"