davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

Tn 1945, with a single exception, every state in the Union had one. Such debts are incurred for the purpose of financing irn- provements which would be irn- possible otherwise. A state debt is incurred on the theory that it is more equitable to charge iIe- provements to the people who enjoy them than it is to require their ancestors to store up funds for such improvements in ad- vance
 Alaska, for example, might wish to launch itself on a high way improvement program cost ing S1O,0OO,OO0. To do so, the territory would have to tax is people in advance and build ID a fund, over a long period of years, since the territory is re- quired to remain always on a cash basis. If such program could ever be undertaken, many who contributed to the fund would be dead and buried be- fore the roads were built.
 If Alask were state, oa the other hand, it would have authority, if it's people voted 10 do so, to borrow the $10,000, GOO in advance, build the roads when they are needed, and re- tire the debt as the roads are used, by collecting taxes from the people actually living in the state at the time the benefits of the expenditure are enjoyed. It has been found advantageous for states, like individuals or corporations, sometimes to incur debts.
 Ii might be argued that inc
 debt which would be incurred
 by a state of sparse popula-
 tion would be enormous. Tn
 this connection ii is interest
 ing 10 note that the only state
 which did not have an oua-
 standing debt in l945 was Ne
 vada. the state with inc small
 est and sparsest population.
 The largest state. Texas. had
 the second smallest per capifa
 debt.
 Just what additional burdens of government would have to be assumed by Alaska with the coming of statehood? Judge Di- mond, who has made study of this problem, lists them as follows:
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
STATEHOOD COST 46 CENTS APIECE

Unlike Alaska, the territorial government of Arizona derived it's chief support from proper ty tax. State officials estimate that prior to statehood the av- craze taxpayer, other than the corporations referred to, paid S3.1O for the support of the ter ritorial government, while after statehood in 1914 he paid $3.56. The per capita cost of statehood, in other words, was 46 cents year.
 New Mexico, admitted as a state in the same year as Arizo- na, reports that there was no great increase in governmental expenses from 1912 to 1916. The territorial budget amounted to about $5,OOO,000 annually. Gov ernmental expenses have, of course, increased progressively with the growth of population and the addition of government al services until they now total S31,O0O,0O0 year, which fig ure includes, however, the con tributions made by the federal government to the state and its various subdivisions. New Mexi- co now has population of 532,- 900. Per capita tax collections by the state in 1914 were actual ly $1.41 less than were those of the territorial government in 1911.
 Montana had a real and per sonal property tax of two mills to meet territorial expenses. This tax levy after statehood re- mained at two mills.
 These examples should serve to demonstrate that there is nothing necessarily or inherent ly costly about the state form of government as compared with the territorial one.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
HOW MUCH WILL IT COST?

0l the doubts which Alaskans entertain to the ability of statehood come down to the question of Cltlonal costs of state government might be- We
 l-Iiliar With the attempt which has been made to k tenood as extravaganza or luxury which peasant to have but which, because of its great ''Na could not afford
 ,s Sehess of population this argument of excessive he , trotted out many times during the long fight
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
AIaska are as follows:

In every single year since 1890 the increase has exceeded 1 ,000.
 Statehood at the earliest pos sible moment, in view of this continued trend, has been sug- gested as desirable by former Delegate Dimond for the reason that
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
RUIN PREDICTED FOR ALASKA INDUSTRY

In 1902, when it appeared Congress might enact bill giv- ing Alaska territorial govern ment, Joseph Mcdonald, super intendent of the Ire d W e l urged those with business at stake to
 inform Congress of Alaska's
 true nature: first, that she
 lacks a settled population, en-
 gagged in diversified produc-
 tive industries. which make
 the burdens of local govern
 ment bear equally upon the
 people; second, that her only
 industries are mining and fish
 ing, which largely carry the transportation burden, and can
 not afford additional taxes;
 third, that as the whole inter
 est of the fisheries is to es- cape the burdens of govern
 ment as far as possible, the
 only industry left to meet eX-
 penses is mining, which is yet
 in a formative state; fourth,
 that the shifting nature of
 Alaska's population will re-
 suit in the filling of the offices
 by men without permanent ln-
 terest in the region, and they
 are the ones desirous of se-
 curing territorial government;
 fifth, that territorial govern
 ment must greatly retard the
 future development of the
 country.
 Tn 1907, Alaska's highly un- popular Governor w. B. Hog gait estimated the cost of terri torial government would be so great as to bring ruin to Alaska industry. Such ruin, did not, of course, materialize with the coming of territorial organiza- ton five years later.
 By such means, every step of progress toward self has been retarded. The argument delayed for many years Alaska's representation in Congress by a Delegate. It de layed organization as terri tory, and it delayed the granting of a territorial legislature. It has been used recently to oppose overhauling of Alaska's vastly outmoded txation system. Now it is being used as an argument against statehood.
 It is interesting to find on looking into the matter that all of the arguments which are be ing made today against state hood for Alaska were also made years ago in the case of each of the states most recently admit ted. All of these arguments were refuted by history.
 1rIz0zrz hrrr cANEr
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
SPECIAL STATEHOOD SECTION

When victory finally came to the forces which fer so long had been struggling for state hood (and it is pertinent to mention that internal opposi- tion to this movement cents cred to a large extent in the interests responsible for the prevailing unequal and in- adequate taxation), the prob lem described was attacked.
 A few figures will serve to illustrate the result. In 1911 the year immediately pre- ceding statehood-all proper ty in the territory was val ued at less than $100,000.- GOO. Mining property com prised 19.3fo of the total and railroad property 19.1 %. In 1914, when the states new tax system became fairly op- erative, the assessed valuation was $407, 100000, of which 36%o was mining property and 22.14% railroad property, a readiustment rendered still more conspicuous by fairly adequate assessments of the property of express compa- nies, private car lines, and telephone and telegraph com panies. The territorial levy of 90 cents on each $100 of valu- ation in 1911 was reduced in 1914 to 4412 cents, and there was a proportionate reduction in county levies, while the to- tai revenue of $881, 1000 for territorial purposes in 1911 grew to S1, ,306,000 in 1914 <.
 The state experienced no difficulty in supporting its gov ernment, while al the same lime greatly strengthening its educational system. providing free text books. constructing highways and giving services 10 the people which previous ly had been unknown. The equalization of taxes made possible a sufficient revenue without undue burden and the taxpayer was begln- ming 10 receive the benefit ot many services =. not realized under territorial government.
 The argum n t s against statehood, which were used ln Arizona, were insuffiency of population and prohibitlve cost of supporting govern ment. Subsequent events dem- onstrated that the arguments had no merit at all. It was we'll understood at the time they were advanced that op- position to statehood, within Arizona, was confined to in dustrialists who desired. the status quo and to a few poll ticians whose views were formed in Washington.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

|innesota
 Ion,,lation, Alaska is seen Pbp,,t in the middle of this g tSe states outside the area ori tlri eina1 colonies. It is cer- |Pat ui half a dozen states S |aas laS Florida, Missouri, Ne Oregon and Wyoming. ~ smaller population at if admission than Alaska |day. +h +oh1o | +hat in many cases a very I;ncrease occurred in the
 in which admission took IMIch of this was due to I7eral wave of western mi | which was in progress [ing this period. But some Undoubtedly can be attrib- krectly to statehood, which lease of Arizona and some Istates, itself had a very Ie influence on the growth I,1lation. According to the Ia Department of Library rchiVes,
 
 psychological effect of konferring of statehood Io focus the eyes of the h upon the new common Ia and to cause a consid-
 tide of immigration to Inc decade of admission a's population increased ercent. Something similar Ed in Nevada, which the Iof 1860 showed as having lation of 6,857. Popula- lon admission in 1864 was here between this figure e AZ, 2,491 enumerated in
 is arguable that the in-
 population of Nevada D over 1860 was one of rect and unacceptable eff
 the coming of statehood. hitting upon this, former e Dimond pointed out
 suggestion has be en
 that the people of Ne
 ever regretted their ', and it seems certain t the present time, when
 a has a population of f7, according to the 1940 S, any citizen of that
 who advised that the should go back to terri
 status would be consid- h fit subject for inquiry mental competence.
 er ordinary circumstances ly seems likely that Alas Id become a state before, P55, By that time Alaska
 nave a population of 1OO, ,OOO. That is the out With continuation of the
 growth, which has pre- since 1929. If Alaska in FXt decade fulfills the
 promise which many
 for her, the population
 oe substantially greater. zen 100000, as has been ! more people than lived y or our greatest states at se or their admission. It is .or example, than lived in ma By 1855, Alaska will cen under the American uncut statehood longer y other possession in all Tpy' ToIy' With a single excep- nat exception is Okla
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

ton and a stable population, territorial government must remain impracticable The only kind of delegate he would favor was an appointed one, and he was decidedly averse to the inauguration of a property tax.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

homa, which as part of the Louisiana Purchase was unin- habited and unknown at the time of annexation, and which did not become state until 104 years later.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07
PEOPLE COULD USE PUBLIC CREDIT

Statehood would give Alaska the power to incur a debt, which it is unable to do under the ter ritorial Organic Act. There is nothing frightening about a debt.
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

Tn Alaska. Ere nl, TWO arguments have stneo efoe together, as they in eco Congressional com nan fos7 fos /, by Louis sloss, ,ociatiopt tGp the Alaska Pack
 'i'' Who according
Kodiak mirror., 1946-09-07

to the Jeannette, Nichols ac- count:
 expressed fear lest most of the devices suggested to help Alaska should hinder her. He said that as long as Alaska lacked means of communica-
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-10-02
SLOVENE RECORDS

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postage
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Pc poll sVa Sc sprehajala,
Valcek, Kusar's orchestra
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Oh, oh ura re Bile
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PObiG sem star Sele. 10 let
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Meme pa glava boil
V-23O28 Mlinar, narOdna pesem
Vsi so prihajali
Mirko Jelacin, tenor
12-inch records S1.25 COD, plus
postage
V-730O1 Zlata porOka, del. /.
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Botrinja, Christ. party
"Adria' in Hojer Trio
Write for free catalogue of all new
PALA ECH'S
536 S. Clark st. Chicago S, Ill.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-10-02
INDUSTRIAL IN PROMET V TRSTU
MAJ SLUZI PRIVATNEMU PROFITU

alni krogi tie odlocbe zaveznikov
(namrec dati jim ma stroSke vse-
ga ljudstva posojilo) zelo veseli.
Javno SO argumentirali, da
ker je S tenn resen ma Primer
skem lin v ItalijD mas free en-
terprise'', bodo Zed. drzave in
Anglia skrbele, da Trst ne pri-
de nikoli drugam kot pod Italijo,
oziroma da Sc ga ohrani svetosti
privatne svojine. To Sc pravi, V
izkoriscanje tujim investorjem.
Razne oljne, pristaniSke, ko-
vinske in druge obrate Trstu
in V okolici lastuje sedaj prete-
Emo ameriSki in angleSki kapi-
tai. Veliko njihnega deleza 81 je
odkupil V minulih mesecih cd
Italijanov. CeS, &c nam ne bo-
ste prodali, YAM vase inovine
ne DO nihce SGitil. A &c jo pro-
daste nam, boste vi imeli dober
denar in vse DO tako - in pa Sc
boljSe ia vas) kakor je bio.
S tenn je torej trzasko vpraSa-
ME, kar Sc teh krogov tice, re-
Seno tako, da bodo "tristini" la
hko delali "a ameriSke ter an
gleske oljne, ladjedelniSke ter
druge take druzbe, Xxi SO zidane
ma svetosti izkoriScanja "a pri-
Uatni nrOfit
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-10-02
KoInUnisti no Modzorskem
imeIi konqres

Koncem septembra SO imeli
ogrski komunisti kongres, XII so
ga zakljucili S shodom ma pro-
stem V BudimpeSti. AP poroca,
da Sc ga je u0elezilo okrog 200
tisoc ljudi, in da je mnozica W.
klikala "smrt reakcionarjem".
Ma shodu SO govorili tudi "a
stopniki IL drugih dezel, glavni
govornik pa je bill madzarski ko-
munisticni vodja Matyashl Ra-
kOsi. .
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1946-10-02

HOASA NO4SCGANJAO >J~A>
situaciie glede Trsta in estate
takozvane BeneSke (Julijske)
kraiine so posestniki industrij-
SIKH obratov, trgovine, ladjedel-
mic it'd. dokaj zanemarili svoje
domenc - GcS, sal ne vemo, kaj
pride, &c dobi vse to Jugoslavi-
ia, nam DO posest Tito zaplenil
in maj jo torej dobi V cimbolj
zanemarjenem stanju.
Trza$ko OkoliSko delavstvo je
to Cutilo ma sebi ter Sc ~zgrazalo,
ceS, zavezniki, storite vendar re
nekai, da bono tudi mi vedeli,
pr Gem da smo. Ziveti moramo
in delali bi radi V dobrobit me-
sta in Okolice.
To Sc je sicer nekaterim urad-
nixon zasedbenih oblasti zdelo
"komunisticno nagnjenje", a
konGno SO Ie PRIMAL, da nekaj
je treba ukreniti."
"Tovarne 81 moramo popra-
VIII so rekli Iastniki. In ladje-
delnice,' SO ugotovili V Trzicu.
Pa tako naprej.
"Vzemite 81 posojilo.'
Ga nam banke ne dajo, ne V
Lond0nu, ne V New Yorku!"
'Kako, ola ne, Sal ste pod naSo
za5cito,'
"Da, doklcr smo. Ampak ban
lie Cprivatne banke seveda) ne
vcdo, koliko casa bono. In kaj,
&c Trst in Trzic prideta pod tt
ia? Katera banka hi sploh riski-
raIa tako pOsojilo?"
cato Sc je dogodilo, da je po-
sojiIo tvrtkam V tenn spornem
ozemIju daIa zavezniSka zased-
bena oblast, ali pravilnejSe, an
gle5ka in ameriSka vlada. Maj
VeC seVeda ameriSka.
&c DO kdaj izguba, bono IL
gubiIi ameriSki in angleSki dav-
koplaGeValCi, privatniki mic, ra-
zen kar jim DO morda z%aplenje-
mega. Ampak sedaj zgleda zanje
- MANFRED "a vlOznike V trzaSka
bOgaStVa - jake dobro. Dobili
SO posojiIo, posestVa 81 lahko IL
boljSaio praV zaradi posojila in
vse i'm bono SCitili mi - "a
vezniki-z na$o oborozeno silo.
Nekai V imenu demOkracije, Sc
wee S stali5Ga svetosti privatne
svojine in Z nacela, Ola je delo
"a privatni profit mas nacin xiv
Jenia.
Y Trstu ina precejSnje napra-
We ameriSka Standard Oil kom-
paniia, XII je rekla, da jih S pri-
Vatnim posojilom ne DO zbolj-
saIa, pa il je bio odklonjeno S
strani angIo-ameriSke ~okupacij-
ske oblasti.
Enako raznim drugim angle
Skim in ameriSkim kompanijam,
kar pomeni, da so Sc V Washing
thu, New YOrku in Londonu "a
we'll OhTaniti to mesto "a kapi-
taiistiCno trdnjavo V osrGju Ju-
gOSlaViie in C~entralne Europe.
AntifaSisticna zveza V Trstu,
Xxi 10 na5a obIast naziva "a ko-
m3nistiGno, je izjavila, da je to
imperialisticno, kapitalisticno
pocetje - trzaSkemu prebival-
stvu mic V korist, ne miru, in ne
I~taliii, ne Jugoslaviji.
Men nacelnik je glede tega
vojnega posojila ameriSkim in
a~ngleSkim druzbam, XII obratu-
jejo V Julijski krajini, i~zjavil
med drugim Ccitirano IL porocila
ONA, datirano 10. septembra):
"Kar govorim 70 tenn posojilu)
scdai nj veG vazno. Anglo-ame-
riSke dcnarne sile SO Sc vgnezdi-
le tn in prevzele oblast. Trst ne
bi mogel nikdar priti pod Ju-
goslavijo, nit ne V sfero vpliva
Jugoslavije, ako SO proti Mi ma
m~erjeni tako mogocni interest"
IstO porocilo IL zavezniSkih
virov il Trsta, Rima, Washing
tona in Londona pravi, da SO
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17
Highlands Grange
Has Busy Meeting

Highlands Grange met Thurs
day, January 9, at the clubhouse.
Worthy Master G.. E. Ridley gave
the obligations of the first and
second degrees to Mr.. and Mrs.
Ole Herrud and Mr.. and Mrs. F.
p. Meverden.
Frank Lampson gave an en-
couraging report on progress of
tn new Kennewick Irrigation Dis
trict. Lampson was also appoint
ed chairman of q committe to
work on the naming Of the roads
and the marking Of the same on
the Highlands.
Carl Mayer was present after
a long absence in the service.
Readings by Andy Slaybaugh
and Mrs. Reymore formed a part
of the entertainment. A grand
march with Handwriting to find
q treasure was one of the stunts.
It was announced that the
Grange Auxiliary would meet at
the home Of Mrs. Harry Sand.
berg on February 5th instead Of
the date previously announced.
A social lunch followed the
meeting.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

to appoint some one from his
Grange to work on the Women's
Committe with Mrs. Bolon. The
names are to be given to her so
the group may 60 over the sugges-
tons submitted by the members at
the November meeting.
Reports of the subordinate
Oranges show a steady growth in
membership and Grange activities.
Ten dollars was voted to the
March of Dimes" fund.
A rising vote of thanks was
given Buena Vista for its splendid
hospitality. The next meeting will
be February 9 at 2 pm. at Finley.
The Master requests all the officers
to be there at / pm. for practice.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17
Minard and johnson
Club Cafe Operators

Willard and johnson, new own
ers of the Club cafe, plan long
stay in Kennewick as business
partners.
Mrs. johnson is quite well
known around the town. She for
merly cooked for the Arrow Grill.
She has had a great deal Of ex-
perience with restaurants.
Mr.. Willard, the other half in
this partnership, is from Wyoming,
where he had much experience in
hotel management and cafes. Mr..
Willard is also quite family man
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17
Bureau of Reclamation
Shows Need of Land

Reclamation is needed in the
western United States. Statistics
of the Bureau of Reclamation
show that in the area receiving un-
der 10 inches of precipitation there
are $4,000, 900 acres; from 10 to
20 inches about 588, 900 acres; 70
to 80 inches; $4,000 acres, and q
limited area on the west coast and
in the high mountains receives
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17
Richland Club Now
Operated by Laynan

Bill Layman has recently pur-
chased the Richland Club from
Mrs. McGinnes. Mr.. Layman also
owns the Midway Billiards and
the Pasco Lunch in Pasco.
His nephew, r: i. Layman, Is
managing the Club for him. Mr..
r. L. Layman halls from Seattle
and plans on making his home here
after school is out and he can
transfer his children from Seattle
schools to the local schools.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17
Pomona Acts on
CvA;M u1ayb Bill

Benton County Pomona Grange
met at 10 am. with Beuna Vista
January IL. All the new officers
for the year were present except
treasurer and one executive COM
mitteeman. The count in the fore
noon was 70 including two visitors
from Outlook in Yakima county
All Oranges in the county were
represented except Rattlesnake.
The chaplain reported the death
Of Brother Allard. The lecturer
called attention to her material
which is available to all lecturers
in the county. The Home Econom-
les chairman called attention to
and explained the state and coun-
ty contests for the year. The
luncheon cloth contest in our
county will be held at Horse Heav-
en- in April. At the next Pomona
meeting at Finley there will be a
doughnut contest. There will be
two divisions-raised and cake
doughnuts with two prizes for
each division.
Four resolutions were presented
and acted on as follows:
To petition Congress to take
prompt and favorable action to-
ward establishment of a eva for
area drained by the Columbia riv-
er. Approved by the legislative
committee and report accepted by
the Pomona.
To favor full time employ
ment of all those who wish to en-
gage in gainful occupation and an
economy of plenty in both indus
try and agriculture and endorse
the principles of the Murray Bill.
The committee asked for time to
look into the matter further and
report at the next meeting.
That several persons be appoint
ed by the Pomona Grange of Ben
ton, Franklin and Walla Walla
counties to make determined eff
fort to contact DR.. Shadid and per-
suade him to come to our COM
munity for q series Of lectures on
the system of compulsory medical
cars, his expenses to be paid out
Of the general funds Of the three
Pomonas. This was carried.
To petition the Grange Insur-
ance Association to insure alfalfa
hay at full value was approved.
The Pomonas of Kittitas, Frank
lin, Benton and Yakima counties
are asking the Federal and State
government to set up Marketing
News Agency in this area. There
will be q meeting at Yakima on
January 10 at 1890 am. for the
purpose Of trying to establish such
an agency at Yakima to report
farm prices as well as FOB. prices
on important farm produce here
and throughout the district served.
Service should cover fruits, Der.
ries, vegetables and truck crops
grown on q commercial basis.
On January % there will be a
in the court house at Pros
ser concerning wiring for those to
soon have electricity.
Attention was called to the Ex-
tension Service broadcast at 1870
pm. Monday, Wednesday and Fri
day.
For the Women's committee re-
port Mrs. Warner Of the Kenne-
wick Highlands Grange gave a talk
on her recent visit through fifteen
states and spoke especially on the
conditions in the Ozark mountains.
Each Master in the county is asked
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

$40. 600. 900 TELE RESEARCH
The television industry already
has spent more than SIC, 600, 900 on
research and is ready to provide
more than $4,000 jobs which
never previously existed
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

FLUoREscENT FOR TRoLLEYS
Fluorescent lighting apparatus
for subway trains, street cars, troll
ley buses and other public transit
vehicles is being developed.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

ELEcrRoNIs HOT DOGS
The electronically cooked hot
dog Is on the way. A robot viii
produce it, wrapped in q warm
split roll, few seconds after In
sertion Of q coin.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

more than 80 inches. The difficulty
is that the rain in the arid regions
does not come when needed dur
ing the growing season.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1946-01-17

as he has a daughter going to
school here in Kennewick and two
sons in the service.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1946-03-21

gy capable of developing into one
elephant power" Volkenant con-
tinued, and, each tiny particle or
ion carries with it charge of cleo
tricity-hence the term electron-
which means simply charged ion
OF metal"