davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Marshall Warns Chino

The nature of the statement given
out to the press by General George
c. Marshall, our special envoy in
China, can be epitomized by the old
saw, "a plague on both your houses" Z"
In no uncertain terms it charges
that those embattled Chinese fac
tionS, the Communists and the
Kuomintang Nationalists, by their
reckless propaganda of hate and
suspicion" are producing a crisis
which seriously aggravates the
present grave situation and can
lead to disastrous results for the
people of China" This propaganda,
continues the general, naturally in
flames feelings and increases the
possibility of some hothead precipi-
tating general conf1agration"
That General Marshall in no way
exaggerates the danger is evidenced
by every news dispatch coming out
of China these days. The fighting
between Communist and govern
ment troops is no longer confined
TO Manchuria. 1t has spread to
much of Northern China and might
conceivably embrace the whole
country within measurably short
time. Such a civil war, coming on
top of a decade of foreign war and
attendant devastation on an enor-
nous scale, could completely wreck
all plans for national reconstruction
and would present the world with
a politlco-economic vacuum that
would be a major danger to world
peace.
1t was to avert this ominous
eventuality that General Marshall
was originally sent to China last
winter with instructions to try to
find a basis of compromise. At first
his efforts appeared to have been
successful, When he left at the end
OF January to talk with President
Truman he had engineered truce
and unity program to which both
sides had formally subscribed. The
first serious breakdown came over
Manchuria and the renewal of fight
ing there envenomed mutual ha-
treds that go back more than twenty
years. General Marshall hastened
back to China to see whether his
great personal prestige, his dip
lomatic ability and the strong back
ing Of his Government could not
avert the impending catastrophe at
the eleventh hour.
The generals public statement
does not set. forth the respective re-
sponsibilities for the failure of both
sides sincerely to implement the
program he negotiated early in the
current year. 1t is in the nature of
solemn warning and final ap-
peal. Taken against the factual
background of bitterness and blood
shed, it is not an encouraging state
ment. We can only hope that the
admonition will be taken to heart
by those to whom it is addressed.
Evening star., 1946-05-23

which would paralyze commerce.
Shortly before the election Premier
Schermerhorn broadcast his inten-
ton to crush the strikers with armed
force if they should attempt to
paralyze the national life at so cru
cial a time. Whether the Labor and
Communist parties can cooperate
as Left opposition to the conserva-
tive religious parties, which together
could muster legislative majority
and represent total of 100000
votes, remains to be seen.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Reussurinq the Arabs

When the AnglO-Amerlcan CON-
mittee of Inquiry reported on Pales-
tine few weeks ago, the Arabs were
quick to- speak bitter words against
it, Shortly thereafter, on May 10,
they formally summed up their feel
ings in sharp de-memoire filed
with the State Department by the
diplomatic representative Of Egypt,
Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and
Syria, with the result that they now
have received renewed assurances
that the United States will consult
with them before taking "any def
mite decision" on the committees
recommendations, including the one
to open the Holy Land to 100000
additional Jews.
The fact that the Arabs do not
appear to have addressed similar
note to the London Foreign Office
probably can be explained on the
ground that when the committees
report was published Prime Minister
Attlee was careful not to commit
himself to it. President Truman, on
the other hand, issued a statement
that could be interpreted as broad
endorsement of the recommended
tions, and presumably this was one
of the main reasons why the five
Arab countries drew up their joint
e-memoire. In any case, they
made special point of asking for
an American declaration that the
United States ''is in no way bound"
by the proposals of the committee.
In all fairness, considering the
ambiguous nature of the Presidents
comment on the Anglo American
report, it must be said that the
Arabs were not being unreasonable
in making such a request. For the
fact is, as their aide-memoire pointed
out that President Roosevelt, Just
shortly before he died, wrote letter
to the ruler of Saudi Arabia specifi-
cally stating that they would be
fully consulted regarding any basic
decision on Palestine, and Mr.. Tru-
man himself gave the same assur-
ances later. On the strength of the
record. therefore, they had some
cause to wonder whether the Presi-
dents remarks a few weeks ago re-
flected any change in United States
policy on matter of great impor-
tance to them.
Certainly, no matter how valid or
invalid may be the objections they
have raised to some of the Anglo
American committees recommends
tions, the Arab countries have
legitimate interest in measures af-
fecting the future of Palestine. This
seems so obvious, and involves so
many explosive factors, that any in
ternational effort to solve the prob
lem without consulting them could
hardly. be just or intelligent one.
The State Department has done we'll
to reassure them that the United
Evening star., 1946-05-23
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The world including Russia - is
aware today that the United States has
arrived, at last at a basic foreign
policy. This policy development has
been crystalliZing for months since the
close Of the war, in the London and
New York meetings of the United Ma
tions Security Council, and more re-
Gently at the Council of Foreign Min
listers in Paris.
1t has been enunciated clearly by
Secretary Of State Byrnes in his report
on the Paris meeting and by the state
ments made in the Senate by his two
principal advisers in Paris, Senators
Vandenberg, Republican, of Michigan
and Connally. Democrat. of Texas. 1t
is a policy which demands early and
just agreement on peace terms. 1t is a
policy that declines to compromise
principles and rejects 'appeasement" of
any nation. 1t calls for the complete de-
militarization of Germany and Japan
and the rehabilitation of those nations
which suffered and are still suffering,
during the war.
If other nations, including defeated
Germany, have hoped that the United
States would sag back eventually to a
VI SlIIllidT W tIldG
which it occupied after World War I,
their hopes are not to be fulfilled Sen
ator Vandenberg. principal spokesman
for the Republicans of the Senate on
foreign affairs. definitely has aligned
himself with the policies enunciated by
Secretary Byrnes.
If Soviet Russia has had ideas that
the major political parties in this coun-
try would split on the issue of foreign
policy, or that a sufficient left-wing
sentiment in the United States would
prevent a firm stand by the United
States in opposition to aggrandizement
demands by the Soviet government, it,
too has learned these hopes are not to
be realized.
There is no question in the foreign
policy OF the United States, as described
by Mr.. Byrnes and Senator Vanden-
berg, Of this country's battling against
Russia In the peace negotiations for the
benefit of the British Empire-although
that is the propaganda put out by Rus
sia and also by some people in the
United States. The offensive for
peace" which Mr. Byrnes described as
a fundamental of United States foreign
policy and which he said has just be-
gun" is really an offensive for the re-
establishment of peace and not for the
special interests, of any nation.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Fellow Travellers Warned

The Civil Service Commission,
warning that some members of til
United Public Workers of Americl
are pursuing course which cal
cost them their jobs may serve tt
discourage membership in uniol
which has no place in this country
governmental structure.
The warning, issued by Commits
sion President Harry B. Mitchell
rebuked the UPWA for the pro
Communist tone of a resolution
adopted at its recent convention and
implied that any person who has
followed a l-established Com
munist party line would be dis
qualified for Federal employment
or, if already employed, would be
removed.
This threat was not unqualified
, For example, Mr.. Mitchell said that
evidence that individuals partici7
pated in the drafting of resolutions
such as that adopted at the con-
vention, or that they actively sup
ported the adoption of such reso-
lutions, would be considered as
relevant" evidence in determining
whether or not the individuals were
following the Communist party line
There is a distinction, however,
between relevant evidence, which
merely tends to establish fact, and
conclusive evidence. Conceivably, q
person might help draft such a
resolution, or vote for it, without
being held to be a fellow traveller.
Or, at the least, Federal employe
could belong to the union, support
it financially, and attend conven-
tions without endangering his en-
ployment status. The net result
might be to persuade the union
leaders to mask their hostile opera
tions, but not to abandon them, and
this, certainly, is not a result to be
desired.
On its record, the UPWA ought
not to be tolerated in the Federal
service. And the movement in the
Senate to outlaw the organization
by forbidding the use of appropriated
funds in paying the salaries of per-
sons belonging to it is more effec-
tive measure than the warning
issued by the commission. If proof
of this is needed, it can be found in
the alarmed reaction of fellow
travellers in the UPWA to the Senate
threat.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Rail Personnel Paw
By Charles F. Sbeare

There are many runs in the East,
West and South, however, that develop
a considerably higher earning power.
Passenger engineers on the New York
Washington runs of the PENNSYLVANIA
Railroad earn a weekly average of
s110.52 and on the Washington Chicago
runs $101.75. The engineer of freight
train on the latter division earns a
weekly average of $12743. On the Jer-
sey Washington run of the Balti-
more e. Ohio monthly earnings of
Diesel engine drivers average $420 and
OF Diesel engine drivers on freight
trains on the Philadelphia Chicago divi-
sion as much as $3.50, more than $4,000
per annum in the one instance and
$500 in the other.
Among the top paid men are the pilots
on the Chicago and Omaha and the
Chicago and st. Paul divisions of the
Chicago & Northwestern Railway as
well as those of the Union Pacific and
Santa Fe systems. On the North
western" Chicago-Milwaukee division
average weekly earnings, as cited by the
management, are as high as $126.63, or
at the annual rate Of $6,574, and $112.38
on the Proviso-C Clinton division, more
than $500 year.
While these are accepted as the cream
Of the operating jobs, study of the
averages for all operating men Of vari-
Gus classifications, in 1945, will indicate
that railroad workers have been getting
fair rate Of pay in comparison with
those in production industries.
As stated above, the weekly average
for the entire country for passenger
freight engineers $105.67. The average
for local freight conductors is 1922, for
passenger brakemen S6764, and for
freight brakemen on local runs $73o6.
tNorth American Newspaper Alliancs)
Evening star., 1946-05-23
The Dutch Elections

The results of the elections held
last Friday for the Lower House of
the Dutch Parliament, collectively
termed the States General, conform
closely to the pattern set in recent
elections held both in neighboring
Belgium and, to a somewhat lesser
extent, in France. The outstanding
feature is the strength shown by the
Christian conservatives. Almost
equally significant are: The increase
of the Communists. the recession of
the moderate Socialists and the vir-
tual eclipse of the old-fashioned
Liberals.
Although the Netherlands are his
torically a Protestant country, ap-
proXimately one-third of the popu-
lation are Roman Catholics, concen-
trated especially in the southern
provinces, which were acquired from
the Spanish Netherlands (now Bel
gium) during the Dutch wars of lib
Grafton. The inhabitants of the
original Seven Provinces" of the
north which revolted from Spanish
rule have remained strongly Protes-
tant, except in the big cities, which
contain not only Roman Catholic
migrants from the south but also
an extremely radical development
among the industrial workers, today
frankly Communist in character.
The Roman Catholics have long
been we'll organized political
party, numerically the strongest in
the last preWar Parliament elected
in 1887. The provisional regime in
stalled after Dutch liberation from
the Axis was predominantly leftist
in complexion and was headed by
Premier Willem Schermerhorn, rep
resenting the Labor party, CORE
spending closely to the British Labor
party, with a platform of moderate
Socialism.
This arrangement has now been
upset by the elections, which re-
tul lieu JILL Gy - GWO SdlllOllCo dS
against the Labor party's twenty
nine. Premier Schermerhorn has
accordingly handed in his resigna-
tion to Queen Wilhelmina. How
ever, the precise makeup of the new
cabinet is not yet certain, due to the
fact that several other political par
ties are we'll represented. The Prot
estant bloc, which is essentially con-
servative, won twenty-three seats,
while the Liberals trailed with only
six. The Communists made a very
strong showing in the big cities,
polling 100000 votes and winning
ten seats in the Lower House The
Dutch Communists are showing
militant spirit, threatening among
other things to call a dock strike
u
Evening star., 1946-05-23

Were the railroad managements to
meet the current demands of the op-
Grating personnel of their systems for
higher wages the average annual pay of
conductors and engineers-the elite of
the steam transportation industry
would jump we'll ahead of that of super
visors in the iron and steel, motor and
electric plants of the country, and in
some instances would equal that of jun
ior executives of corporations and banks
In 1914 the average pay of all men,
bers of the operating group was s., ,580
1t was somewhat higher in 1945 when
a great deal of overtime was paid. In
1914, the peak year in American indus
try, it was just short of $4,000 on Gen
eral Motors books. In the same period
the average for the United States Steel
Corp. was $2,919 and last year s2,78O.
Both companies have made substantial
increase in their rate of basic pay this
year but the final take of their en-
ployes will not be as great as in 1914,
owing to strikes and other work stop
pages.
If the original demands Of the rail-
road operatives were to be granted, the
pay raise would amount to $3.50 a day.
II the level ordered by the arbitration
board and recommended for engineers
and trainmen by the Truman fact-flnd-
ing body should be agreed on, it would
bring an increase of only $128 a day.
An adjustment Is expected somewhere
between these maximum and minimum
amounts.
Interstate Commerce Commission fig
ures for the first seven months Of 1945
show that the average weekly earnings
of passenger engineers In that period
were just under sos and those for local
and freight engineers were $l05.67 and
1895, respectively. This represents an
average Of about 5000 q year.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
A Strike-Crozy World
From the Montreal Star.

tne StHr.
Had any one forecast when the war
came to an end that within a year not
only would no practical progress have
been made toward the drafting of
single peace treaty but that strikes
would have spread around the world.
he would have been laughed at. Yet
it is a fact that today we are face to
face with the precise situation, and
that of the two disasters strikes are
much more in the public eye because
they affect the average man and wom-
an far more vitally. Strikes in Aus
tralia, strikes in Japan, strikes in Brit
ain, strikes in Europe, and strikes all
over the North American Continent
spread without any sign syet where It
is all going to stop
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Letters to The Star
Calls for Invocation of Law
Against Strikes in Wartime

To the Editor of The Star:
Democracy is a form of government
In which the people govern themselves,
either directly, as shown by the old
New England town meetings, or by
elected representatives, as illustrated bv
our National Legislature.
This definition carries with it the
fact that majorities rule At no time
did the founding fathers visualize a
minority of 100000, led by determined
and highly vocal dictator, being able to
stop production and interfere with the
ordinary living routine of 1876 5000, 900
citizens.
This isn't democracy. 1t is mob-rule.
Granting that the miners have legi-
innate demands that are being denied
by the mine owners, there are other
ways OF accomplishing reforms than by
complete paralysis of production. The
same amount of publicity as that which
accompanies the strike would compel re-
adjustments by the owners as a result
off the pressure of aroused public
opinion.
If the Government requirements for
safety and welfare of the workers are
not broad enough, they readily can be
extended by executive action. If they
already are broad enough but are not
being enforced, the Department of JUS
tice can remedy the condition. Ger
tainly, neither Harlan County nor any
other county can prevent the United
States Government for executing the
laws.
The famous antitrust regulations
preclude capitalists from taking any
action that would result in restraint
of trade" Certainly, these laws are
not so restricted in their application
that complete shutdown of indus
try caused by labor union officials would
call for no action by the Government.
The Smith-Connally BILL barring
strikes during wartime, has, not been
invoked by the Government despite
the fact that officially we still are at
war.
What We really need, now, is the en-
| forcement of existing laws rather than
flock of new laws of limited applica-
tion, developed in time of high emo
tional stress.
l. JOSEPH T. MAGUIRE.
Evening star., 1946-05-23

1t isn't easy to think up answers
to all the pressing questions of the
times. Meanwhile, as Samuel john
son said in the Idler in 1853: Crit
cism is a study by which men grow
important and formidable at very
small expense"
Evening star., 1946-05-23

States has no intention of decidir,
on this question-which is on
meriting the attention of the Unita
Nations as whole-before confeS
ring with them as we'll as wit
Jewish leaders.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Too Bod He Wusn't!

Pom the San Francisco Chronicle.
A strange experience, that of New
fork thief who sauntered out of hotel
pbby with a grandfather clock. Not
hnce was he stopped bya clown, asking:
wouldn't q watch be handier2"
Evening star., 1946-05-23
The Truth

From the Chatham News
Library officials report that children
read more non-fction articles than dime
novels. Current events probably scare
them more than fiction.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
A Jap Problem

From the Edmonton Journal.
Pity the poor Jap war criminal. When
he tries to blame everything on Toto,
TOTO will still be around to talk back.
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Selective Service for Strength

Selective Service for Strength
the Editor of The Star:
Permit me to express my whole
Parted approval of your editorial, In
tting Contempt" Few newspapers
ppear to appreciate the problem or
fpress it so clearly.
PLEASE continue your efforts to bring
| public attention the Importance Of
!gislation which effectively will pre-
krve the Selective Service System.
here probably is no other legislation
7 the moment which would add so
Auch to the strengthening OF our inter-
Ational relations. More than any
ther matter before Congress, it un-
Pubtedly Is the key to our future
ecurity. JOSEPH P. MOTLEY.
lieutenant Commander. U. S. N. r.,
Inactive
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Possible Answer to Question

b the Editor of The Star:
Referring to your query on the edi-
trial page Of Sundays paper-"Wonde
mat George Washington and Abraham
lincoln would think of James Caesar
htrillo and John L. Lewis?"-the an
yer is that If either of them had been
! the White House for the past IL or
I years, there wouldn't be any James
laesar Petrillo or John L. Lewis-or any
fed for them from anybody's point of
lew. CIV,
Evening star., 1946-05-23
Quotes Letter From Buenos Aires

Quotes Letter From Buenos Aires
To the Editor of The Star:
( Shortly before the publication of your
editorial on ex-Col Peron, 1 received
letter from an old friend in Buenos
Aires This person-who must remain
sanonymous-is by no means a radical
and was a participant in the recent
university student strike. I am taking
the liberty to copy some Of the observa-
fions, as follows: THE impossible has
happened; he is President -elect of our
Fair country. I never thought he had
1so many partisans, and since his tri-
lmph, the number has scared enormous
by. Success is evidently the best propa-
ganda The most embittering thing
about all this Is the ease and enthusi-
asm with which the United States poll
flcians try to make friends again. La
Guardia sent him a message of good
Wishes, the Mayor Of New Orleans sends
lnvitations, etc. If you stand for prin-
fiples and ideals, you can't just turn
new leaf and start to make business
hgain. The United States should have
followed UP the Blue Book policy and
accusations. Students have suffered
Ind died for fighting this regime, as
well as many other people. We feel
I'VE have been let down; the dollar
policy Is too strong, 1 guess"
We cannot afford to embitter many
more OF our foreign friends who still
pelieve that we are the champions of
freedom. Have We no national con-
icience? PVT. ANTON GILLIEs, Jr.
| Wants Technicians Kept Home
% the Editor of The Star:
II The new executive order of President
Truman, authorizing the drafting of
men of the ages of 26 through 20,
opens the way to the drafting of ap-
iproximately $4,000 men. Who are these
men and why haven't they been drafted
before?
During the war years, the Selective
Service boards combed the age groups
below 30. Every eligible man went into
The Army except scientists, engineers
ind highly skilled technicians who were
aeld to be key men and irreplaceable.
Nearly all Of these men are engineering
sollege graduates or have had similar
cientific training. Their skils were
urther developed at an accelerated rate
Turing the war. They represent the
,est technical minds in the country.
they are an appreciable part of the
abric that holds together the industrial
lattern in the United States.
Would any other nation send out her
host promising scientists and techni-
ians to stand sentry duty in a foreign
puntry? Such mistake, even for two
ears, would mean a great detriment to
bur national progress and welfare.
Our country sacrificed much to win
ne war. Why sacrifice our technical
rperiority now, when improved eff
| aency in the present Army would &C
pmplish the same end?
ROGER M. WILSON.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1946-08-24

During this period the Henderson Lions Club will solicit funds
effort to bring light to those who walk in the dark
provide free examinations and eyeglasses to under
privledged children.
There present 1000 blind persons in North olna and
Lions Clubs Of this state have accepted the responsibility
of conducting the first annual drive to bring relief to these
unfortunate persons through the North Carolina State Asso
citation the Blind which created by Lions Clubs of this
THERE is NO LovELIER WAY TO THANK GOD FOR Q