davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-12-08
By Rudolph Kouffmonn II
LAP Photo.

Capital of the United States frequent Intervals in its
history successfully learned from other communities
lessons which resulted in major advances toward better
life in better city In fact it almost be said that
the Capital of today chiefly the result of borrowed ideas and
efforts avoid the mistakes made in building other cities both
here and abroad.
learning likely continue in the post
Capital with depression and
warbn growth Only the lessons be learned obviously
going scale than before Washington
continues beyond its nonexpansbe boundaries and
eop into great metropolis governed by the United
States part by Maryland and part by Virginia.
The New York metropolitan with its New York Port
Authority to stand out the best potential teacher of
the Capital City certainly going
learn-how its three major political pull together
finance metropolitan improvements needs
common all three
the years it's existence Authority
Evening star., 1946-12-08
By Howard w. BIokesIee
AssoeIoisd Press Science Reporter.

He made solid alcohol at 100 degree
and made hard chloroform at DAB de
grees above zero.
Among the pressures were SOM
that caused water to soak into glass
and some that slightly changed thu
color Of glass, making it blue. Ga
penetrated steel
At nearly half a million pound
pressure DR.. Bridgman changet
tellurium, which is dark gray pow
der normally, with the consistenc,
of sulfur. into a metal But wher
the pressure was removed the telluri
um expanded into d nonmetal.
One day a piece of wire that has
been thrust into the pressure cham
Der slipped and was elected with
such force that it dented half-incl
armor plate.
Work With Engines
Important to Living ;.
The usefulness of the great pres
sures is for a better understandin,
of the forces of nature and the com
position of things like blood corpus.
cles, bacteria and the rocks deep il
the earth. Before volcanoes explod'
and blow off their tops, the rock
become saturated with gases force.
into them by high pressures such a!
DR.. Bridgman uses.
The next fairyland is engines
DR.. James B. Summer of Cornell
isolated and crystallized, the frs
engine, urease, in 1928, and DR.
John H. Northrop of the Rockefelle
Institute the second one, pepsin, il
1896. Engines cause living chemica
changes, without themselves becom
ing altered, nor becoming a part o
the final product. They break down
proteins and other foods in diges
ton. They turn wood into suga
and sugar into fat. They help max
buttermilk and stronger textiles.
There is no chemical reaction o
Importance in living things that i
not monitored in some manner b,
an engine. These chemical com
pounds are minute. They do thei
work inside living cells, and onl.
living cells manufacture them. Ye
the living cells that do this are s.
small that they have to be viewet
under microscopes to be seen indi
vidually.
Isolation of Viruses
First Began in 1885
The name comes from two Greel
words, zen" meaning in and lynne
for leaven or yeast. Before the en-
zymes were fully identified the.
were known as ferments. An enzym
does the work when alcohol is pro
duced by fermentation
The practical use Of engines
without knowing what they were
dates back before the beginning o
history. TO isolate and purify tn
first one was a milestone.
The viruses, for which DR.. Wen
dell NJ. Stanley of Princeton an,
| the Rockefeller Institute received
Nobel prize, are as minute and a
diffcult to isolate and purify a
the engines. Stanley did this Worl
| FIRST in 1885. Actually men hat
seen viruses before then, Withou
recognizing them. Or. Stanley wa
the first to get the crystalline stuf
and prove what it is. This was tn
virus that causes the disease know
as tobacco mosaic, so named becaus
Evening star., 1946-12-08
Nobel Prize Winners Explore Fanyland Of Science
lizards
Iondors in of fRoforu Tn;ug 3oudi0

Human beings seem to be well
protected against serious mutations
by x-rays. For, these ray-created
changes are usually recessive. That
means that they never show their
effects unless two of the same kind
are Joined in mating.
However. just because of this un-
likely situation. it may take hun
dreds or thousands Of years to iden-
tify human genetic change that
Evening star., 1946-12-08

Dr.. Wendell NJ. Stanley
by heavy walls of steel, wood or Con-
crete, he has produced pressures run
ming higher than a million pounds
per square inch.
With 10000 pounds square inch
he made ice that sinks in water. If
nature did that, the polar oceans
would be solid ice because the ice
would build up on the bottom first.
DIR. Bridgman also made hot
ice, its temperature is2 F.. sizzling
enough to burn persons hand.
Evening star., 1946-12-08

mas successfully Iaugnt nunper OF
lessons. 1t has shown how business
like cooperation can be substituted
for the confusion which so often
. marks demagogic competition be-
tween adjacent political jurisdic-
tions.
1t has shown how to create and
pay for huge facilities-like the Lin
coin and Holland Tunnels under the
Hudson and the George Washington
Bridge, connecting New Jersey ano
New York; or the Arthur Kill
Bridges and Outerbridge Crossing
which link Staten Island with the
mainland-by charging the cost di-
rect to the users, thus eliminating
the necessity of financing and main
tanning such facilities by taxes.
1t has shown how such enter
prises may be kept out of the field
of politics and run purely as bust
ness propositions for the public
benefit.
1t has shown many other things;
shown them so forcefully that the
New York Port Authority is being
asked to take on other and even
greater projects.
The demonstration it has made in
the New York-New Jersey metropol-
itan area, now the worlds greatest,
might point the way. some day, to
solution Of some of the many prob
lens that vex the Metropolitan Area
of Washington.
Evening star., 1946-12-08

cember 10, are practical,
modern fairylands.
One of these is the study Of high
pressures, for which DR.. P. w. Bridg-
man of Harvard was awarded the
physics prize.
In small steel chambers, guarded
Evening star., 1946-12-08
NEW YORK.

NEW YORK.
- HE four fields of science for
which five Americans will be
presented Nobel Prizes De-
- n.~~L1. IN oro r,ra nffro1
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
STATEHOOD
NEWS TN BRIEF

SEATTLE, Oct. g. (P)- Sheriff Harlan s. Callahan revealed to- Vday that bars of King County jail holding two condemned mur- derers, a ''lifer" and man facing trial for murder were found cut in a routine cell "ShakedoWn" last Wednesday.
 The discovery, Callahan said, was kept secret in the belief that an outsider had helped on one of IHhe bars. After shadowing sus- pect for several nights, however, the Sheriff said he is now satiS- fled the bars were cut from the inside.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

PARIS, Oct. 9. (P)-The peace conference centered it's fire on treaty-Writing late today with the adoption of the preamble to the Italian settlement.
 \ Yugoslavia abstained in the vot- ing on the preamble, though the preamble text had been adopted unanimously in commission.
 Articles one and two were pass ed quickly and unanimously.
 Soviet foreign minister V. M. Molotov, who assailed the Italian treaty draft plan for the projected free state of Trieste as an "un- , democratic means of keeping that strategic Adriatic area under Brit ish-American control in an ad- dress to the delegates this morn ing, presided as chairman.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
Russia To Claim Ryukyu Islands

WASHINGTON, Oct. g. (P)- A Russian plan to stake claim to the highly important Ryukyu chain of islands between Japan and Formosa-among them blood drenched Okinawa-is frankly an- ticipated in American diplomatic quarters.
 Highly placed officials told a reporter privately today that the United tSates will oppose the ex- pected Soviet move on the ground that the islands, if they are to be transferred from Japanese owner ship at all, should go to China.
 As an alternative to Chinese sovereignty, the United States would be agreeable to placing the islands under a United Nations trusteeship, solely administered by China.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
Maritime Strike
 Still Deadlocked

WASHINGTON, Oct. 9. (P)- CIO marine engineers stood pat today on their demand for a na- tional contract or at least a com mitment from the maritime com mission to equal terms of any east coast ship strike settlement will apply on government vessels in the Pacific.
 The other striking unit, the masters, mates and pilots, agreed yesterday to try for an eastern agreement and leave the making of west coast contract to nego- tiators on the Pacific coast.
 The engineers, however, were not Judging as negotiations were resumed today and a spokesman said the maritime commission would have to give in if the strike were to be settled.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

minute preparations today for an expected heavenly display of shooting stars" in the form of falling meteors due tomorrow night.
 The university laboratory said the display, expected to be "one of the largest in astronomical his tory," would extend through Thursday and should be in view without the aid of technical in- struments if the weather is good.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

JUNEAU, Oct. 9. (P)-A party of three Flint, Mich, men return ed here recently to tell of whale that swan beneath their boat and nearly capsized it as they sought to take pictures near Admiralty Island.
 The men Howard Lintz, George Beams, and Al Jay Wach- owski, said the whale was one of a school of eight to twelve they saw cavorting in the water. AS they maneuvered their chartered boat near for pictures, the whale passed beneath them, lifted the boat high in the water and nearly capsized it.
 None of the men was injured.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
Relief Ships Must Have Qualification

SEATTLE, Oct. g. (P)-Future Alaska "relief ships" will be re- quired to undergo certification by city and federal officials that car goes are strictly relief items be- fore they are released by striking committee for maritime unity workers, GNU chairman Burt Nelson advised Territorial Gov ernor Ernest Gruening today.
 The Governor had advised GNU officials that southeastern Alaska soon will need fresh supplies of food and livestock feed.
 Nelson told the Governor that the union membership is fed up with seeing the strike prolonged and hampered by such double crossing and are strongly against future clearances."
 The GNU wire to Governor Gruening said in part:
 Relief ship clearanceS used in each case to harm our strike by using as a ruSe to carry on buSi- ness as usual, such as the case of SS Cordova. Membership fed up with seeing strike prolonged and hampered by such double-crossing and strongly against future clear anceS.
 "Only chance of clearance is of ship carrying food and stock feed only with understanding you and mayor of Seattle and someone from department of interior check cargo going aboard to prove to us it is relief food
 Unless this is done we doubt clearance possible. We are in de- plorable condition - caught be- tween alleged needs of Alaskans and schemes of shipoWners which hamper our strike efforts"
 Alaska Steamship company of ficials said the company has made no request for further ship clear ances. The company is serving as general agent for the maritime commission, spokesmen explained, and as agent has no right to re- fuse regular Alaska freight book ed for shipment north.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
Hurricane Passes Florida Fruit Crop

CHARLOTTE, N. C., Oct. g. (P) A freakish tropical hurricane, which raised havoc in Cuba with Manifestations winds that slow ed down relatively to a snail's pace before they entered Florida's west coast, virtually blew itself out last night in the Carolinas.
 The hurricane killed four per sons and caused crop damage of $2,O0O,0O0 in western Cuba Sun day night, but the winds dimin- ished so rapidly that government weather experts were at loss to explain the phenomenon. Only negligible damage was done to Florida's rich citrus belt, whose $150,0O0,O00 crop, the largest in history, is due to be harvested in a few weeks.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

PITTSBURG, Oct. g. (P)-The Duquesne Light company reported today that an unattended automa- tic sub-station serving populous residential area had been sabo- tagged, plunging the district into a Temporary blackout on the 18th day of a power strike. A company spokesman said the Brentwood substation, where 66,OOO-volt cur rent is reduced to 4,000 volts for residential use, was shut down by a break which he called without qualification an tact of sabotage" !"
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

BOSTON, Oct. g. (P)-The first guy in line at the bleacher en- trance to Fenway park, Grover C.. Gilmore, arrived Monday night, 38 hours before the starting time Dof today'S game; the third to ar rive was a barber, who took one look at Gilmore and then sent to a nearby drugstore for a razor and soap so he could get to work on Gilmore.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
All FAD
Truman Digs Into Meat Shortage

WASHINGTON, Oct. g. (P) - The White House said today that President Truman is continuing his investigation of the meat shortage and is getting reports every day"
 Press secretary Charles G. Ross, asked by reporters whether the President had completed his in quiry, said the answer "obviously is no-he's getting reports every day"
 MT. Truman told his news con- ference on Sept. 26 that he had been Investigating the situation for some time. He attributed the shortage then to an "extraordin- arily large slaughter" in July and August, when price controls were temporarily off, and predicted greater quantity" of meat in the near future.
 Last Thursday the President said he agreed with reconversion director John R. Steelman'S re- port that the meat shortage may grow worse this winter, and an nounced he was having a survey made While foreseeing shortages ahead, he said there will be no meat famine.
 Asked if F. H. LaGuardia, di- rector general of UNRRA, had urged the possible importation of Argentine beef for that agency in a White House call yesterday, Ross said he had no information on that.
 As to whether anyone had sug- gested Argentine importatiors, Ross replied: Every possible sug- gestion has been made to him oy someone"
 On another question as to vine ther a possible special session of Congress to deal with the meat situation had been the subject of discussion at a cabinet meeting, Ross said he did not know, but that he doubted it.
 The seething controversy, over the meat decontrol issue ragged across the nation, with a series of political charges and counter charges.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

MANILA, Oct. g. (Fo - The Manila Evening News said today guerrillas invaded Umingan in central Luzon last night, held the |, tGwnsfolk prisoners four hours and footed warehouses, stores and homes.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
ARRIVES IN NOME

Mrs. John Holm, daughter of MT. and Mrs. Kirk Jackson ar rived Monday evening with her two children. Her husband Staff Sergeant John Holm is stationed here with the U. s. Quartermaster Dept.
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09
Voters Dis spl a y Great Interest
 In Election

JUNEAU, Oct. g. (P)-Early and scant unofficial returns from Alaska's advisory Statehood" election indicated a two to one trend for the regions admission into the Union.
 Voters in SkagWay, Petersburg, Douglas and 12 small precincts of 53 in the First Judicial division showed a two to one preference for Statehood.
 First and only statistical re- turns of the advisory referendum came from Barrow where state had was favored by the slim margin of 25 to 23.
 The Barrow vote gave incum- bent Delegate E. L. (Bob) Bartlett, Juneau Democrat, slight lead of 27 to "A over his Republican Op- ponent Amer J. Peterson of An chOrage.
 The capital city of Juneau en- dorsed the proposal for statehood for Alaska by a to margin in yesterdays general election while scattered returns from other sec tionS of the Territory indicated the proposal was carrying by all most a two to one margin.
 The vote on the advisory refer endum here was 778 for statehood and 549 against. In the First Di- vision, of which Juneau is the cen ter, the vote was 1880 for and l176 against with only 21 precincts out of 53 reporting.
 Voting was the heaviest since 194O.
 First Division returns gave Con- gressional Delegate E. L. BOb) Bartlett a lead of 1887 to 1041 over his Republican opponent, AL mer J. Peterson of Anchorage.
 A heavy Republican vote was indicated, however, and the pos sibility lOomed that the Republi- cans would increase their strength in the Territorial legislature.
 Atmospheric disturbances were hampering the transmission of the election results.
 The Nome election vote results were: For Delegate, E. l.. Bob) Bartlett, 291. Amer J. Petersan, PA.
 For treasurer: Cash Cole, 252. Oscar c. Olson 240.
 For commissioner of labor: Henry A. Benson, POP. Walter P. Sharpe, 183. Ross E. Kimball, 97.
 For Territorial Senator's: Vim. Munz, 395. Chas. D. Jones, 320. Howard Lyng, POS. Bess Cross, a.
 For Territorial Representatives: C. Dewey Anderson, 3l7. w. w. (ChieD Laws, BOT. L. E. Ost, 271. Chester Milligan, 234. w. E. Mac) Mcdonald, 234. Geo. P. Madsen, 204. Wallace Porter, 188. Edward
 Continued on Page Eight
The Nome nugget., 1946-10-09

CAMBRIDGE, Mass, Oct. g. (4) Harvard astronomers made last
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20
American People Eagerly Await Solution to Nations Bl
Housing's 5000 OOO, 900 QuestiOn--Subsidies

Washington-(NEA) - Govern ment agencies contend that noth- ing but S60O, 900 900 in subsidies can enable industry to produce the lum- Der, bricks, plumbing and heating supplies, and the other materials that will be required to construct some two and a half million new homes in less than two years.
 But the building supplies indus try indignantly rejects the idea of subsidies, and says flatly that if the OPA will show a little common sense in revision of price ceilings, then established firms can and will provide materials and supplies far iIl excess of any possible demand. GOVERNMENTS STORY
 The Governments story is that industry can provide only 4S per cent of the castAiron radiation that will be needed, 6l per cent of the sinks, 68 per cent of the building blocks, 09 per cent of the gypsum board and lath, II per cent of the plywood, 72 per cent of the cast iron soil pipe, 77 per cent of the building board, 30 per cent of the face brick, S3 per cent of the lum- Der, 88 per cent of the clay sewer pipe.
 Senator Alben Barhley says that it would add $2,200, ,000, 900 to the cost of housing If ceilings were raised enough to get the necessary materials, but that $500, ,O0O 900 in subsidies would accomplish that re- suit. Housing Expediter Wilson W. Wyatt says that these subsidies would go to marginal producers who. can not compete on an even basis, to firms that want to expand, and to those who want assistance in creating facilities to make new pro- ducts that could substitute for critical materials.
 Industry challenges not only the prescription but also the diagnosis. The Producers Council, represent ing the bulk of the major firms in this field, says that if ceilings were raised just enough to change red ink for black, it's constituents would make everything that is needed and more.
 Instead of a g per cent short age there could be a 90 per cent excess in cast iron radiation above Wyatt Program requirements, the Council claims. There could be B per cent surplus in building blocks; a 60 per cent surplus in gyp- sum board and lath; a 12 per cent surplus in plywood; a IA per cent surplus in cast iron soil pipe; about a $50 per cent surplus in lumber, millwork and flooring; a more than 8G per cent surplus in bricks; more than 1900 per cent surplus in clay sewer pipe.
 There won't be any such pro- auction, the Council and other trade sources say, because of the effect of ceilings. Their explana- tion can be illustrated by a few out of many concrete examples offered:
 The OPA price on certain stand ard dimensions of red cedar lum- Der has been begged at $S2. But for odd lengths and sizes the mills can charge $50. They can't afford to sell at $S2, so they make only the odd sizes. The builder pays $50, plus the cost of hauling to a cus- tom min and reworking, for $32 lumber. The buyers cost Is up more than 100 per cent.
 Flooring has been begged at $55 for a specific type. The mill can legally charge $62 for the boards out of which this flooring is made.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20
Plan Insulation
 Carefully

Some people live in a sieve. The walls of their homes prove to be a slight barrier to heat. In summer the sun pours heat into their homes. In winter, the heat seeps out of their homes; and there is little to stop 1t. That's why no home is considered fully modern today unless 1t is insulated.
 Heat travels three ways. Con- duction is one. The handle of a sterling silver spoon in a cup of hot coffee is warmed quickly by con- duction. Convection Is another. Warm air moves upward and to- ward cold areas. Radiation is the third. Heat travels from the sun to warm the earth without warming the atmosphere between. That is radiation.
 The object of insulation is to re- tard heat as it enters or leaves
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20

So 1t sells the boards, the buyer pays for hauling them to a custom mill and finishing them, and the buyer is stuck with the added cost. CAN'T AFFORD IT
 The min can charge g thous- and feet more for thick 6-inch timbers than it can get for 1x6 siding; so it sells the timbers and lets the buyer stand the cost of splitting and blaming them into sid- ing. On another type, the mill can charge $I for 3-inch blanks, but only $62 after those blanks have been split into one-inch board for
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20

shop because they were unable to support continuing deficits.
 The industry argument is that ceiling raises which would make production at least slightly profit able, and would reopen mills and factories, would cost very much less than the $500, ,OOO, 900 that the Government proposes to spend on subsidies. And, the industry claims, with such raises it's plants would make all the materials that could possibly be used for housing, plus enough for nine billion dollars worth of other construction.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20
Minnesota to est New Weed Killers

St. Paul, Minn.- Chemicals de- veloped during the war to destroy vegetation will be used this summer by the Minnesota highway depart ment, primarily for the protection of highway crews, the department announces. Poison ivy, poison oak, poison sulmac, thistles and other ir- rluattng plants will be attacked by the new weed killers. Each summer, the department said, a number of men cutting weeds along highways suffer seriously from contact with poisonous or prickly plants.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20

builders use.
 Brick manufacturers say they can't afford to make ordinary face brick for $2l thousand, SO they produce wirecut face brick at the legal ceiling of $32, adding $99 to the cost of a small house.
 Congressional committees have been given many more examples of pricing schedules that, manu- facturers claim, make it impossible for them to produce without loss. The solons have been told of many large producers who have shut up
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20
Gravel Shortoqe

Tallahassee, Fla.-The Shortage of gravel is delaying the postwar street improvement program, accord ing to city officials.
 The shortage of gravel is critical it was pointed out, although the city has enough materials for forms by using prewar forms and others pieced together with currently available materials.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20

gle roll or slice of bread with . meal is sufficient.
 2. Substitute fruits and other deS- 5ertS for pastries and cakes fre- quently.
 3. Reuse food fats and salvage what you don't reuse.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20

a house in any of these three ways Most good insulating materials owe their efficiency to fibrous struc- ture surrounding a multitude of sealed voids containing dead or mOtionless air.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1946-05-20
HOME suGGESTIoNS

Here are some suggestions to help you in your home food conservation program:
 1. Discontinue the practice of placing basket of bread or rolls on your dining room table. A sin