davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-04-26

truSteeshlp seems somewhat out OF line
to the American delegates. They do
not wish to attribute aggressive motives
to Russia, but are at a loss to UNDER
stand why Moscow places such impor-
tance on territory so far removed from
the U. s. 8. r.
There is unanimity Of views between
the American and British governments
regarding the opening of the straits
by Turkey to all shipping. President
Truman was emphatic in his Navy Day
speech in declaring that all waterways
must be available to all nations.
Russia has been landlocked-or nearly
so-for many years, because she could
not navigate freely between the Black
Sea and the Mediterranean. The Turks
are eager to avoid any conflict with
the Russians, and are prepared to COM
ply with any requests of the Big Four
regarding the freedom of passage
through the straits and their complete
demilitarization. They are also willing
to have a permanent United Nations
control commission see that this guar
antee Is kept in good faith.
But the Soviet government is not
satisfied with a mere internationaliza-
tion Of the Dardanelles. Moscow has
made it clear not only to Ankara but
to Washington and London that it
wishes to obtain at least one naval and
possibly two air bases in the straits.
This means in effect occupation of
portion of Turkeys territory by for
eign military force.
The Turks will not consider this
proposition. Neither will the American
and British governments support or
indorse any proposal of the Soviet Un-
ion for sovereignty of any portion of
Turkish territory in the Dardanelles.
Secretary OF State Byrnes and his
advisers in Paris believe in the freedom
OF navigation through the straits. But
they are most suspicious of Russia
motives in desiring to garrison such a
strategic point as Chanak with her own
forces. 1t looks to them as If the Mos
cow leaders would like to be able, on
their own desire, to close the vital Turk
ish waterways to all vessels except those
flying the Red flag.
These matters will have to be dis
cussed at length. Mr.. Byrnes and Brit
ish Foreign Secretary Bevin are fully
prepared to see their Russian colleagues
walk out of the conference room at
the Luxembourg Palace-several times.
possibly-before any kind of agreement
is reached-if, indeed, one is ever
reached.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
The Paris Conference

The diplomatic gathering at the
Luxembourg Palace in Paris should be
recognized for what it is, if regret
table misunderstanding are to be
avoided among the American public,
with consequent disappointment if
the results do not come up to
expectations.
First of all. this is not a peace
conference" to liquidate the specific
problems left over from the late war.
Neither is it directly concerned with
the disposition of those specific
problems. 1t is. in the last analysis,
q meeting of the Foreign Ministers
OF the Big Four britain, France,
the Soviet Union and the United
States-to break the deadlock which
has prevailed between Soviet Russia
and the English speaking powers
ever since the London Conference
OF Foreign Ministers broke up in
complete disagreement last Septem-
ber, not only over specific problems
of the peace settlement but even on
the way in which those problems
should be approached.
Ever since then, second string
diplomatic representatives of the
Big Four have been meeting, trying
to lay the groundwork for a formal
conference, but without success,
because there never has been
meeting OF minds among the gov
ernments they represent. Without
such a meeting of minds, at least
In the general sense, the formal
conference, slated for May /, would
be useless. In order to render its
holding feasible, Secretary of State
Byrnes suggested preliminary
gathering of the Foreign Ministers,
the highest diplomatic representa-
tives of the respective governments,
to get together for an exploratory
discussion on April Is to try and
break the psychological deadlock in
order that the practical order of
business might start on the conven-
ing Of the formal gathering week
later.
The present gathering will be
entirely "off the record" and IN
formal in the diplomatic sense of
the word Presumably, the partici-
pants will speak their minds plainly,
under cover of secrecy. The indica-
tions are that both Secretary Byrnes
snd British Foreign Secretary Bevin
are prepared to demand a clear ex-
planation of what is behind So
Wet Russia's refusal to make con-
cessions in its formal demands on
many points. What is really at
Evening star., 1946-04-26
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

What previously have written about
the OPA does not mean that I want
to see controls lifted. 1t only means
that If there are to be controls they
must control. The consumption of food
must, above all, be controlled, because
there Is famine over half the globe. But
food consumption can only be con-
trolled at the source, and by rationing.
The price of food must have a more
rational economic base, and the con-
troll must be complete. When, last fall,
for instance, controls were lifted that
had previously determined the amount
OF cream to be allotted to ice cream
and fancy cheeses, practically the whole
cream supply was diverted from butter
with its low ceiling price The ceiling
price on the latter is too low. Butter
is luxury. Butter substitutes contain
equal nutriment. The ceiling price on
choice cuts of meat is too low. Amer
lea is steak-chop Nation, but every
they are a small part of a slaughtered
animal Their price should be in line
with their choiceness.
Grain can be diverted from stock
feeding-poultry, for instance-only if
it, too, is rationed to the farmers. To
try to get voluntary ollaboration-ask-
ing each poultry farmer to reduce his
flock by 10 per cent-will probably have
the opposite effect Many. counting on
reduction by others, will increase their
f1ocks.
But the success of rationing always
depends on housewives or farmers actu-
ally getting with certainty what is ra-
toned If it is not otherwise available
they will go to the black market Ra-
tioning always reduces family expendi-
lures for food, even if prices are higher
1t eliminates extravaganza and waste
and is therefore anti-infationary If
housewife knows she can get only a
limited amount of bread, fats, meats
and sugar per week or month, she does
not throw anything usable into the
garbage can
If food is rationed. it must, repeat,
be rationed. 1t is preposterous to ration
sugar and not ration candy, ice cream,
soda pop containing sugar and sweet
bakery goods. I have been unable to
get figures on American sugar consump-
ton last year, but when one considers
the expenditure of billions for candy,
ice cream and sweet soft drinks I seri-
ously doubt whether, despite household
rationing Of sugar. 1t was much below
prewar.
The rationing of food is essential not
only as hedge against inflation, but
because the world is starving and we
are falling way behind our commitments.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
House OPA Amendments
By Raym ond NJ olev

The House of Representatives set off
a big furor by amending the OPA. One
side hailed the action as the dawn of
new day. The other predicted black
ruin. A calm appraisal of the revised
setup justifies neither claim.
The most talked-of amendment is
that which says, mo maximum price
shall be established or maintained with
out allowing reasonable profit" A
former official of the OPA, who worked
with Leon Henderson, points out that
the Price Control Act itself provided
that the administrator should establish
fair and equitable prices which, by any
Interpretation, should mean fair profits.
The major question in the Interpretation
of this provision is whether this fair
profit shall be given to the high-cost
producers.
Before the publication of the overall
price freezing, in the spring OF 1912, Mr..
Henderson and his staff discussed for
long time the question whether there
should be followed an old custom OF
fixing only about 200 to 300 maximum
prices and of prescribing for all other
merchandise fair price" which would
allow the seller cost-plus per unit not
higher than preWar times. IhlS plan
was generally used in Europe in the first
World War and it worked well in Scan
dinavia in the recent war. 1t Is un-
doubtedly preferable where cost ele-
ments are widely different, as in such
transition as the present. 1t was not
adopted.
X
At the present time, new" commodi-
ties get price entirely different from
that of "old" commodities. even If the
goods in question are virtually the
same. The method of price fixing on
this principle is cumbersome, and sellers
are greatly dissatisfied with it. On the
other hand, the records show that under
the current method Of control by multi
tudes of ceilings, profits in some indus
tries have become five to ten times those
of prewar days. In big stores and big
plants, price ceilings are adhered to
because employees have no interest In
Evening star., 1946-04-26

higher prices. and the institutions them
selves cannot afford trouble and pub
liclty through any violations. 1t is
probable that the new House formula
will bring lower, rather than higher
prices.
So the disaster predicted by Messrs.
Bowles and Porter is not likely to take
place. The OPA might well try to
operate under the simpler formula, de-
scribed above, which was considered in
1912 and rejected That formula would
be likely to work much better than the
plan now in force. At present, sellers
have to Ak prices according to the COM
petitor closest to him" or the COM
modify comparable with the new COM
modify. That means that he can choose
anything which seems to be "compa-
rable' and which is to his advantage.
The procedure Of making a fair price
with fair profit is much easier than
is allowed by present methods of the
OPA. In some cases, the fixing of prices
under current formulas has taken as
much as four months Such delay is
intolerable to business and very unfair
to the consumer.
The decision of the House to abolish
"rollback" subsidies Is also sound. SUBJ
sides on meat are paid, but we do not
get much Of the available meat. And
for what he does get, the consumer
pays more above the maximum price
than the amount of the subsidy. From
the slaughter house to the dining table,
the subsidy has long since lost its value
completely.
If the OPA is to expire next spring,
the subsidies must lapse then at the lat
est. They should not be taken off all
at once. They should be removed piece
meal, but not too slowly. The situa-
tion will improve in the process.
The OPA has been overstressing the
Importance of controls. And it is now
wholly misrepresenting the effect Of the
House amendments. They are several
steps In the right direction.
tReleased sy the Associated Newspapers Ine.)
Evening star., 1946-04-26
The Loon to Poland

Apart from involving renewed as
surances of free and unfettered
Polish elections, perhaps the most
significant feature of the credit
agreement concluded between this
country and Poland is that it COM
mits the Warsaw government to the
principle OF nondiscriminatory world
commerce and to an open informa-
ton policy regarding international
economic relations.
There have been strong indica-
tions for some time that Russia,
through such means as its special
trade pact with Hungary. has been
busily engaged in building a closed
economy between itself and its
neighbors in Eastern Europe and the
Balkans. Now, however, under our
agreement with them, the Poles
have specifically obligated them
selves to work with us for the elm
ination of preferential commercial
dealings and for the reduction of
tariff barriers. They have obligated
themselves, too, to make available
to us comprehensive data on their
economic relations with other coun-
tries. In short, if words mean any,
thing, their commitments are of
kind that can scarcely be reconciled
with the suspected Soviet desire for
a closed economy in that part of the
world.
Accordingly, considering the close
ties between Warsaw and Moscow,
the fact that the predominantly
Communist Polish provisional gov
ernment has undertaken these OBJ
legations raises the hopeful possibil-
lty that Russia itself-at the current
meeting of Foreign Ministers in
Parls-may give concrete evidence
that it is more interested in CO.
operating to promote wholesome
flow OF world trade than in carving
out areas Of special economic privi-
lege. Moreover, on the strength of
what Poland has promised us, there
would seem to be some reason to
believe that in any future discussion
OF their request for a billion dollar
loan, the Russians may prove willing
to meet our conditions, particularly
those calculated to discourage them
from trying to block western trade
in the Balkans and Eastern Europe.
In terms of dollars, our loan to
Poland is relatively small. To be
paid back with interest of per cent
a year over 20-year period, it calls
for a direct advance, through the
Export-Import Bank, of $4,000, 900
to enable the Poles to buy locomo-
tives and coal cars in the United
States-equipment that should be of
considerable help in meeting the
fuel needs of other peoples in Europe.
In addition, through the Foreign
Liquidation Commissioner of the
State Department, it establishes
credits up to s50,OoO,0OO for the pur-
chase of American surplus property
abroad for reconstruction purposes.
The Importance Of the agreement,
however, is far greater than indi-
Gated by the money involved. The
conditions attached to 1t are what
count. If they are lived up to, and
if they foreshadow Russian willing
ness to be similarly cooperative, the
world-trade picture-and hence the
prospect of a sound peace-cannot
fail to be improved.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Prayer Revision Advocated

Prayer Revision Advocated
To the Editor of The Star:
For 10 centuries. Christians have
found the Lords Prayer suited to their
needs. But in the spring OF 1916, there
Is one clause that is wholly out of place
in the United States of America. refer
to: Give us this day our daily bread"
We, of course, may interpret this in
at least two ways that are in conformity
with Christian teaching: First, we may
say that bread refers to any kind of
food, not just ordinary bread; second,
we may say that "us" refers to the
whole of mankind, not just our own
families or congregations.
But want to suggest that a tempo
rary revision of the quoted plea be made
in the interests of driving home the
seriousness of the worldwide famine. A
possible substitute would be: Help us
to share our daily bread"
H. H. HOWE.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0,vn

The question of Turkey and the Dar-
danelles is expected to be one Of the
subjects of most heated discussions by
the Big Four foreign ministers during
their Paris conference to prepare for
European peace treaties.
According to available information,
there is no definite schedule of topics
to be discussed by the foreign ministers.
Neither is there any time limit on the
length of the conference. The Soviet
delegation, headed by Mr. Molotov and
assisted by the shrewd and dynamic
assistant foreign minister, Andrei Vi
shinSky, is prepared to remain in Paris
indefinitely.
This being the most important diplo-
matte gathering since the end of the
war, the Russians are said to be willing
to make some minor face-saving con-
cessions to the American and British
governments, but will insist stubborn
ly on what Moscow considers its i'm
mutable rights. The Russians feel that
they are in far better position than
their wartime Allies, because they have
at their backs a military force of some
two million, stationed In strategic
European positions.
State Department officials believe, on
the basis of available information from
Moscow, that the Russians have at
least two "musts" on their program,
the trusteeship over Tripolitania and
opening of the Turkish straits to Rus
sia
The British objection to Russian
trusteeship over Tripolitania is based
on Britain's desire to maintain-as she
has done in the pasta safe line Of
communication between the United
Kingdom and the rest of the empire
through the Mediterranean. 1t is a
selfish point of view, but understand
able. The burden of Britain's argu-
ment is that she does not wish to oc-
cupy the former italian colony in Afri-
ca, but wishes to place it under Italian
control.
The American delegation fails to un-
derstand Russia's motives in insisting
on the Tripolitanian trusteeship The
Soviet Union has no valid claim to the
former colony. She does not need it
from the standpoint OF security. Nor
did she contribute directly to the de-
feat of Italy. That was brought about
entirely by American and British forces
assisted to some extent by French di-
visions and an army corps assigned by
the Polish government in exile
Hence, the Russian insistence on a
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Swallows Return
Accentuate Al
Allied Bad Feel
By Dapid
From the Salt Lake Tribune.

From the Salt Lake Tribune.
Word has come from the venerable
padre at Capistrano, the most pictur-
esque of the historical ruins that mark
ed the ''camino real" over which the
missionaries led their caravans and
converts to settle and Christianize CAL
ifornia century before the coast be-
came a part OF the republic, that the
swallows have returned from the remote
region where they have regularly spent
their winters since records were kept.
They will build their nests and rear
their young, under protection of the
priest and his people, and leave again
in october. But on March 10, St.
Joseph's day, they will fly back, just as
they did this year, to follow the same
routine and regimen followed since
the mission was built.
Coming and going en- masse and on
schedule, these birds have attracted
the attention OF residents, naturalists,
poets and romance writer's who never
tire Of noting the uncanny precision
with which they follow the timetable
of tradition.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Takes NAVY to Task

y
To the Editor Of The Star:
The editorial, THE Wrong Admiral"
endeavors to clear up an unfortunate
misunderstanding. David Lawrence's
essay, Writer Says Truman Unfamiliar
With Navy" makes an unwarranted at
tack on the integrity of our Chief Ex-
ecutive. with which I am not in accord.
No public relations man employed by
Government or business has any moral
right to criticize his own Commander
in Chief by stating Because of a
greatly weakened Navy. submerged un-
der Army control, the fighting will be
on our own shores" That's a different
style OF talk from another Navy admiral
who once said the japanese Navy could
be cleaned up over a week end.
BY what right does Mr.. Lawrence or
Admiral Merrill assert that "the fight
ing will be on our own shores? Has
the admiral no confidence in the Com
mander in Chief under whom he is sup
posed to serve Loyalty? Has the admiral
lost faith in the American people. in
our Congress, and in our cooperative
enorts with the United Nations organ
ization?
If President Truman believes in
merger. it is his duty to recommend that
procedure to our legislative body, the
Congress of the United States.
In case we have forgotten, there is
one incident not calculated to inspire
too much confidence in the Navy's right
to criticize. I refer to the Navy's failure
to alert their forces properly on Decem-
Der 7, 1s41, when naval personnel sank
Jap submarine and should have known
then, when firing the first shot, that
we were at war.
WALTER w. HUBBARD
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Cupid on the Dole
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The STAR
Every so often some gent pedagogical
gravely announces scheme biological;
tongues start a-wagging in forums de-
batting how we can better our system of
mating. Recently came proposal quite
heady, Youth should be able to marry
when ready. Modes of our elders we
hardly disparage, but let's have a law
that will subsidize marriage!"
Somehow or other this seems a bit
drastic for Uncle Sans purse is not
wholly elastic and, though it's proponents
may sputter and scott, already the noses
are crowding the trough. If lads and
their maids are to stand without leaning
they need less of pap-and little more
weaving. So let planned economy
close all its eyes while marriage con-
tinues as free enterprise"
RAY H. EVERETT.
Evening star., 1946-04-26

stake is the question of whether an
agreement is possible based on
mutual give take, or whether
Moscow is determined to persist in
stand that London and Washing
ton consider unacceptable. If nothing
comes of this preliminary gathering,
the formal conference may never
take place.
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Towns At Night
NIGHT hopers htfulIu ubope

NtgHt H0teTS Et1LIy db0te
A liDely city that defes
All ld,Ds and dons a sparkling dress
TO dance and ,DiH not close its eyes.
But peacefully nights tuings are spread
Above modest country town
That mildly yields its ,UiH and ,pedrs
An unsophisticated aown,
And blinks Its eyes Uhen SHADOWS urnp
The hills and night returns to keep
A quiet match ths while 1t ydpns
And goes contentedly to sleepl
NEZ CLARK THORSON,
Evening star., 1946-04-26
Or Safe Deposit Box?

From the Bridgeport Post.
The Pearl Harbor investigation con-
cluded, report of the findings Is being
reduced to manuscript form, to be buried
in previously prepared pigeon-hole.
Evening star., 1946-04-26

us to similar recognition is prob
ably behind the critical, even hostile,
tone of Communist editorial COM
ment toward America during the
past fortnight.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1946-03-01

Mrs. Anthony Koss and Carolyn
Tuesday.
Mr. and Mrs. George Schechter
were Sunday dinner guests OF Mr.
and Mrs. Benjamin Goodnough and
Melvin. Maybee.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Elka and
Robert spent Sunday with Mrs.
Agnes Dunn and family Milan.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Polzin,
Genevieve and Lawrence visited
with Frank Polzin and Miss Rose
Polzin. Flint. Sunday.
Mrs. Albert Elka and Doris at
tended the funeral OF Michael
Stadler. Monroe. at st. Paul's
Lutheran Church, Maybee, Thurs
day afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Vern Cox, Ann Ar
Dor. spent Sunday with Mr.. and
Mrs. Frank Vogler and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Warren and
Mrs. Elaine Briggs. Detroit. we're
week end guests OF Mr.. and Mrs.
Lynn Horton.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Schechter
spent Sunday evening with Mr..
and Mrs. Albert Elka.
Donald Ross, Rosedale Gardens.
spent Monday with Mr.. and Mrs.
Albert Elka and Doris.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Schechter
spent Friday evening with Mr.. and
Mrs. Benjamin Goodnough and Mel
win. Maybee.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Hoot and
family, Lincoln Park. were Sunday
afternoon and supper guests OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Otto Schrock. Jr., and
family.
Miss Caroline Poo, Ypsilanti.
spent the week end with Mrs.
Helen Pool.
Mr.. and Mrs. Webster Hardy at.
tended the Farm Bureau meeting
at the home OF Mr.. and Mrs. John
Wright, Willis Road, Tuesday eve.
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Kenneth Oelke,
Scofield. spent Thursday with
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Oelke and
Normagene.
Mr.. and Mrs. Webster Hardy at
tended the funeral OF John Norris,
Milan, Saturday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Penny and
grandson. Norman Schmidt. Dear.
born, were Saturday evening guests
OF Mr.. and Mrs. U. L. Berlien and
Nellie.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1946-03-01
NerUs From. Jacksonville

Mr.. and Mrs. Norman There have
purchased the home OF Raymond
Miller and will move as soon as
the Miller family go TO their new
home at Buckley. The There's
home was in New Jersey but they
are recently from California where
he was previous to his discharge
from the armed forces.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilfred Brooks and
children, Joyce and Roger. Ypsi-
lsnti, and Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Hurst. Ann Arbor. were Sunday
guests OF Mr.. and Mrs. Wilmer
Corkins.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Hoelscher.
Ypsilanti. were Sunday guests OF
Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Mccartney.
Mr.. and Mrs. Anton Susterka
entertained their neice and nephew.
Mrs. Thomas Hajek and Charles
Susterka, from Chicago.