davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-05-02

q judges politicking, whether
through speechmaking or otherwise,
Is little more effective than that of
any other man. On the bench his
politicking Is liable to become law
His politicking there takes the form
of vote, one of the necessary five
votes that determine national
policy.
Great Career on Bench.
Charles Evans Hughes was Gov
ernor Of New York and Secretary
Of State. But his great political ca
reer was on the bench of the Su-
preme Court. It was there that he
exercised his greatest influence on
: national affairs, sometimes for good
and sometimes for i'll. If you are
worried by words, you can say Mr..
, Hughes engaged in craftsmanship
assuming there's a difference be-
tween craftsmanship and politics.
But remember: A political party
had been defeated at the polls. The
people had revolted against the
Hoover regime, demanding COM
pletely new approach or a New
Deal. They got what they asked
for in the executive and legislative
branches, but in the judicial branch
the old regime remained. The
people couldn't do anything about
that. Policies proposed by Mr..
Roosevelt and carried out by Con-
gress were wrecked, one after the
other, by the Supreme Court.
Four Of the Nine Old Men stood
fast against the administration the
people had voted into Office and
undertook to veto practically every
policy. that was enacted into law.
These were Justices Butler. Van
Devanter, Sutherland and Mercy
nolds. Usually, but not always,
joining with them were two others
Justices Roberts and Hughes.
Only three consistently upheld the
right of Congress to legislate in its
own wisdom. These were the
famous dissenters, Justices Holmes,
Brandeis and Stone-with Justice
Cardozo replacing Justice Holmes
In that role when the latter re-
tired. r's -.
This was true down to the day
Of the administration last great
defeat by the court. the killing of
the original Agricultural Adjustment
Act. It was then that Mr.. Roose-
velt came up with his ill-fated
court reform bill, which would have
enabled him to name enough new
judges to change the political or
theological complexion of the court.
The prospects for the bills enact
ment were excellent at the outset.
Conduct Begins Change.
So the conduct of the court be-
gan to change. 49,
In Washington it was no secret
that Chief Justice Hughes was re-
sponsible for the change. What he
did in chamber conferences re-
mains a court secret, but publicly
he was observed to be voting with
the liberals on important issues and
apparently persuading Justice Rob-
erts to do the same. The court quit
obstructing the program of the
President and the Congress.
And people said-most important
1y, the Senators >said-"See, it isn't
necessary to pass the court bill"
So the court bill was beaten. It
was beaten largely by Chief Justice
Hughes. This was judicial politics,
or craftsmanship if you still prefer
the longer word.
- In any case if Senator Rridres
Evening star., 1946-05-02

Farley, all-around sports fan; Har-
ry Hopkins, who didn't get kick
out OF bangtails unless he had bet
more than he could afford, usually
Evening star., 1946-05-02

will start with Chief Justice Mar
shall's battle with Jefferson and
work on down through the history
OF the Supreme Court to our own
times, he will discover what part
politics really plays in our judicial
system. Then he may stop worry
Ing about judges who behave like
other misunderstanding all the
rights Of same-when they are not
wearing their long black robes.
Evening star., 1946-05-02

r OF the court-meaning Justice
ack-had encouraged the work
the Political Action Committee
Evening star., 1946-05-02

AAAAAAASAA oAAdS NO.
make 1t two mil
lion good,
sweet and lovely
memories.
I'm back in
Louisville, that
delightful sub
urb Of Churchill
Downs, and I'm
in a blue suit,
have a striped
tie around my
neck, and can
do as I please
without saying
Thank you,
Sirt' "Th q T. &c
Evening star., 1946-05-02

on long SA0tS.
This year it's
the crown jew
els set. Miss
Margaret Tru-
man, the honor
guest, will be
chaperoned by
her fat h e r. s
right-hand man,
dignifed Secre-
tary of the
Treasury VinSon,
and Mrs. Vim
son, who will be
only going home
to their States
Evening star., 1946-05-02
BY THE HASKN SERVICE

BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.
@. In what year did the United
States first produce a billion.
bushel wheat crop?-L. c. D.
A. In 1914, when total production
OF all kinds of wheat amounted tc
1,078 SAT 900 bushels.
@. What major league pitcher In
baseball pitched the most con-
secutive victories in one season
since 1900?-F. N.
A. Sporting News says that Rube
Marquard of the New York Giants
is credited with registering the most
consecutive victories in one season
IN the majors (since 1900. He won
10 In a row in 1912.
Q. How many people live In
China?-L. L. T.
A. Although there has never been
a comprehensive census, the ac-
cepted figure for the population OF
China proper is approximately 45o,-
100000. This means that about one
out OF every five people In the
world is Chinese.
@. Who wrote the well-known
hymn which begins, MY faith looks
up to Thee"?-F. M. B.
A. The author was Ray Palmer. q
native Of Little Compton, R. I. Mr.,
Palmer was Congregational min
lister. He died in 1887.
@. What is the diameter of the
main landing wheels of the Army's
B-19?-H. w. P.
A. According to the War Depart
ment, the diameter of the main
landing wheels of the Bio is 8
feet.
Q. How many wives had julius
Caesar? What were their names?-
P. L. G..
A. The names of the wives of
Julius Caesar were Cossuita, Cor
nelia, Pompeia. Calpurnia.
Q. Does tapping maple tree for
sirup injure the trees. S. E.
A. Tapping causes no injury If
the tap holes are properly made.
The only danger to the tree comes
from decay which might start If
the holes did not heal properly.
@. What was, the first mineral
ever mined?-R. r.
A. The earliest mining work of
which traces remain was on gold
ores in Egypt, and gold washing is
depicted on monuments Of the fourth
dynasty (29o0 B.C).
Q. When did the ssth Division re-
ceive the Croix de Guerre?-E. p. j.
A. The 88th Division was awarded
the Croix de Guerre with Palm on
July 2, 1914.
Q. What is the pay of chaplain
in the Army?-R. E. M.
A. Chaplains are commissioned In
the armed forces in a particular
grade and receive the pay and al
lowances for that grade.
@. How many casualties were
there as the result Of the sinking of
the U. S. S. Vincennes?-E.L L.
A. The Navy Department says
that the u. S. S. Vincennes was
sunk near Savo Island in 1912.
Casualties were as follows: 10000
killed; 100 seriously wounded, late,
died: so overcome by smoke or
trapped below.
@. When did the episode com
memorated in the song "Rodge1
Young take place?-M. T. w.
A. At New Georgia, Solomon
Islands, on July 81, 1943. Pvt.
Rodger w. Young of Clyde, Ohio
was a member of Ohio,s 37th
Buckeye" Division. He was awarded
the Medal of Honor posthumously
for giving his life to save his COM
rades.
Evening star., 1946-05-02

VI UllC viz.
If S e n a tor
Bridges really
wishes to keep
Supreme Court
members out of
politics he is be-
1 n 6 singularly
stupid in. his at
t ack on tn e
problem. Th e
place where the
Justices engage
In politics to any
important ex-
tent is on the
bench, not off.
OF tho hoprI,
Evening star., 1946-05-02
McLemore-
Arrives in the Town
OF Million Memories
By Henry McLemore

LOUISVILLE.-If I bubble with
happiness just little bit today, try
to forgive me, will you?
I'm back in town that holds a
Evening star., 1946-05-02
ANSWERS to
Questions

A reader can get the answer to any
question Of fact BY writing The Evening
NE, Washington 2, 3. c. Please in.
close cents for return postage.
Evening star., 1946-05-02
Doris FleesOn
Off to the Derby!
Top.Drawer Democrats on'Special Train
AS in Good Old Days. Says Columnist

Happy days here again.
Top-draWer Democrats special train
just as in the good old days.
But there's difference Prewar sporting bloods of the
Roosevelt administration led the
party for her horse John the Baptist Postmaster
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21
Wings

AT THE ANN ARBoR AIRPORT
Don Gridley, whose flying
school at Ann Arbor Airport has
previously been approved by the
State Department OF Education and
licensed by the State Department
of Aeronautics for participation in
the flight training program for vet
Grams under the G. |. Bill, will at
tend meetings in Detroit this week
where curricula and contracts will
be negotiated with the Veterans
Administration.
Under the present G. |. Bill, all
veterans may receive flight train.
ing qualifying them for private
license, commercial. instructors
rating, or instrument ratings. pro-
Gliding they are not enrolled In
some other training course provid.
ed by the G. |. Bill. Students en-.
rolled in college may also take
flight training under this bill pro-
viding /. ! a related subject; that
is, flight training would be con-
sidered as a related subject II the
sluu6ul were OHIOlleu Ill du doIO-
nautical engineering course, but
not II he were studying law or
commerce. Many Ypsilanti vet.
Grams have signed up to take ad-
vantage of this flight training.
In addition to flight training,
the Gridley Flying School has also
been approved for ION the Job
training" for an apprentice me.
chanic.
Harket Wiseman. formerly pho
tographic officer for the Ypsilanti
c. A. P. Squadron. has moved with
his family to Dearborn. Mr.. Wise
man was in the Photographic de.
partment at Willow Run during the
war, and following the close of the
plant by the Ford Motor Company
he was transferred to the photogra-
phic research department at the
Dearborn branch of Ford Motor Co.
Mr.. and Mrs. d. ]. Gridley, Mr.
and Mrs. b. L. Baer and Mr.. and
Mrs. Joel A. Bailey attended the
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21

AT McENNAN AIRPORT ..
A new student at McEnnan Air
port is Wayne Frye, Fowlerville,
Mich.
Hugh Wiley, Petersburg, Mich,
made his solo flight in the RED
Nose" this week. He recently
purchased this airplane from Eddy
McEnnan.
The Civil Aeronautics Authority
will move their Offices from Ford
Airport, Dearborn, to the Wayne
County Airport, Romulus, March
20.
Word has been received from
Mr.. and Mrs. Arnold Heimerdinger
that they are being transferred
from Augusta, Ga, to Santa Moni-
ca. Calf, where Mr.. Heimerdinger
will resume his duties as flight en-
gineer for the Civil Aeronautics
Administration. He will run tests
on the DC 6's and SIS.
DR.. Harold de Barrs was an air
port visitor Sunday. DR.. Barrs
has a nice coat OF suntan acquired
while vacationing in San Antonio,
Tex, this winter. He states that
this is the frst winter that he
has not seen snow.
Miss Muriel Rumsey was also an
airport visitor Tuesday. Miss Rum
sey has been i'll for the past six
weeks with a sinus infection.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lawrence Dibble
are announcing the birth OF
daughtre, Mary Ellen.
Thomas Holiday flew in from
Port Huron Saturday. He had to
take of in the road at Port Huron
because the Airport was too mud
dy. Sunday Mr. and Mrs. Holiday
flew to Pontiac.
Eddie McEnnan has finished roll
Ing the runSyays. burning the grass
and the field is in excellent con.
dition after the spring thaws.
Rudolph Schumaier, Jr.. Saline,
and Eddy McEnnan will fly to
Middletown, o., to take delivery
OF new trainer. Mr.. Schumaier
has had his order in for the past
few months. He will hangar II at
McEnnan Airport until he has his
own airport ready for operation
south OF Saline.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21
SLIT LENGTH DECISIVE

IN A TREMENDOUS proper
tion OF all possible cases. when a
very long suit In a very weak hand
Is opposite a hand Of fair general
strength. the weak long-suit hold
Ing makes the better declarer.
That is because the stronger hand.
when laid down on the table.
makes a very good dummy for the
long-sulter. The reverse Is terrible
to 90 up agsinst-to be the de-
clarer with a pretty good general
hand, opposite a dummy contain
ing no entries for you. and really
nothing but a worthless long side
suit.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21

Ing contest here Tuesday. The Nc
Balm FLA chapter placed first in
the state parliamentary procedure
contest and Coldwater won the FLA
demonstration contest.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21

Paratfin wakes. first made from
petroleum in 1863. now are being
produced a. six times the prewar
rate as a result OF increased de-
mand for food packaging and wa
terproofing, especially for overseas
shipments.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21

Sportsman Show at Convention
Hall in Detroit Friday evening
where three light plane manufac.
turers had planes on display.
Mrs. Frank MacGillivray was
called to Jacksonville. Fla, this
week by the serious illness Of her
brother, 1t. Commander Guy Reem.
The next meeting OF the Dawn
Patrol will be at the Adrian Air
port, Adrian, April 7. All pilots
are invited to participate in the
flight.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arnoldt B. Williams
attended the last concert of the
season given by the Detroit Sym.
phony Orchestra in Detroit, Thurs.
day evening.
Among the new students at the
Gridley Flying Service are Dave
Brown, Ypsilanti; Tony Burdo,
leit Eareckson, George Frisinger,
and Bud Garforth.
DR.. H. deb. Barss, who has Just
returned from an extended trip
throughout the Southwest and
Mexico, was visitor at the Gridley
Flying Service Sunday.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21
LAKES UONORS

East Lansing -AP-Carl Strand.
Durand High School, took first
place honors In the state Future
Farmers Of America public speak
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1946-03-21
Fine Points IN Bndqe

It was overwhelmingly likely that
North had enough hearts to be OF
some use. Furthermore. II North
could 20 as high as he did. four.
when vulnerable. he must have
pretty fair hand generally. So the
pair was virtually bound TO be
somewhat better of In hearts than
with North seeking 4-Dtamonds
opposite a worthless and trump
less dummy.
The bid paid OF plenty. West led
the spade Q to the A and East
returned his club X. South scored
the A and began leading top dia-
monds. AS you will see. II made no
difference when East came In with
the A. Diamonds were certain to
furnish two discards Of clubs, so
that the defense could not possi-
bly, score more tricks than one In
spades. one in hearts and one In
clubs. Thus South made his con-
tract right on the head, whereas
North's 4-Diamonds doubled would
have been punished.
TomorrOw's Problem
AQIo762
VJl04
AA9
4642
Ass - 4ASt
VASE N V9o
~Q83 w Ell >K 1912
4 1918 6 AXIS
3 -
AKJ3
VKQ7
%J765
4AQ9
Dealer: North. East-West vul-
nerable.)
When West leads a club against
South's 3-No Trumps. what prin-
ciple OF play should command him
to let East win the trick with
the K?
The southern news., 1946-11-09
GCGClH1<I H1a@gzas1a1S

how to read, if only to be able To
follow directions given in writing.
a situation encountered daily by
most people in our country.
And that brings us to the per-
tinent question Granting that
person who has not learned 10
read by the time he reaches col
lege will either have to be taught
10 90 so in college, or else thrown
out of college, why, after all.
shouldn't reading skills be acquir-
ed on the secondary, or better, the
elementary level? What goes on
in our high schools; what goes on
in what used to be called our
grammar schools, that people are
graduated from them relatively
illiterate? People USED to go to
grade school to learn to read;
why can't they learn today be-
fore they reach college?
Can anyone give a good answer
to that question? If so ] for one
would like to hear it
which liberal arts colleges must
try in some fashion 70 correct"
The southern news., 1946-11-09

A committee OF the General
Baptist State Convention meeting
IN Charl~tte, NJ c., reported the
findings OF its study of Nationai
social ills. Our article this week
will report these findings. They
are a good reminder of what is
basic in causes of American social
maladjustment. The report says:
lmplementing our 18th Annual
Convention theme, The Church
and Social Ills we call atten-
ii n to the following aspects of To-
cal, state and national affairs
which deserve our serious atten-
tion for social action:
l. Thirty Of the forty-eight states
of our nation have statutory laws
prohibiting the free association OF
citizens of the United States. to
ch ose freely companions for the
fireside and home and in Other
mutually desirable social relation
ship, as between individuals.
2. We observe that the artificial
separation forced among the
American people in secular affairs
by unconstitutional laws of ma
jority cf the states has become
the pattern of organization in the
American church The Christian
fellowship taught by our Holy
Scriptures is denied chance for
expression in most of the churches
in all our American communities.
because of the activity of Tire
Missionaries of prejudice" Great
ID ir the process of law obser-
vance in the l6 Jim Crow states
and in all Of the 30 which prohibit
free association OF our citizenship
across so-called racial lines.
3. We observe that inequality
of educational opportunity is guar
anteed by law in at least one.
third of the states Of the nation.
The southern news., 1946-11-09
TIr. -;. .El
No. 80. CAROLINA

The Committee for North Carolina, and
the southwide organization with which it
is affiliated, the Southern Regional Coun-
Gil, is of great significance to the Negro
in North Carolina d the South The
Southern Regional Council is not an or
ganization specifically for the improve
ment the lot of the Negro as such or for
the improvement for race relations. It's
program is for the improvement of life in
the South for everybody living there, e 81
pecially the masses, and the basic pre-
mise in the philosophy of the Committee
for North Carolina and the Regional
Council is thar the South cannot begin to
achieve its destiny without recognizing
the fact that Negroes must be included
as full partners.
So the Committee and the Council have
set out not so much to do something for
Negroes as to include Negroes along with
the rest of the people in their program,
Iu0lI lHluhlIlS anu CilelI PldHliIlS. AHNACCU'
Negroes are taking part on an equal bas-
is in this thinking and planning.
Negro members would do well not to
obtrude too much their peculiar and spe-
cialized concerns into t h e program of
these organizations. They have been i'll
vited to take part as citizens of the South
in a movement for the advancement Of the
South as a whole The organizations ac-
cept Fundamentally the proposition that
this advancement must include that OF
the Negro, and that wrongs against the
Negro are effective hindrances to region
al advancement. The Negro must in turn
realize that a broad an unified ap
proach to the South's problems by peo-
pie who recognize what those problems
are, offers the soundest and quickest So
ution to his own special problems.
The election of Dr. David D. Jones'
president of Bennett College, to the of
flee of secretary-treasurer of the Com
mittee for North Carolina, is an indlca
ton of how thoroughly the Negro is In
tegrated into the new organization. AS
fellow citizens and fellow southerners
we can 90 ahead together.
TIE Carolinian
The southern news., 1946-11-09

ments going along with such op-
porunlties for employment in the
leadership services OF the Veter-
ans Administration.
5. We observe tina. the general
administration of civil service in
our cities, counties, states and in
the nation, is discriminatory with
reference TO employment oppor-
tunities for the colored citizens of
the nation The use of photographs
with applications in violation Of
the spirit of the original civil
service act, the multiple choice
privilege as accorded postmasters.
and other devices used to circum-
vent the fair-play provisions of
the original civil service act we
protest as undemocratic, unjust
and hypocitical to the extent of
creating disrespect for law and
orderly process in the administra-
tion of public affairs
6. We endorse the petition of
the National Negro Congress to the
United Nations Organization on
behalf of the oppressed citizens o.
the United States of America, who
are represented by this Congress.
We recommend, that the Executive
Secretary of our Convention be
authorized to write such an ed
dorsement to the Secretary-Gen-
eral of the United Notions Organ
ization and to the National Negro
Congress.
T. We declare our uncompromis-
ing opposition to all the un-Chris-
tian practices enumerated in this
statement above and we adjure
cur constituency to bring to bear
all the resources of our Christian
Gospel against these social prac-
tices laws and customs which
deny in part our profession of hu-
man brotherhood under a common
heavenly Father.
The southern news., 1946-11-09
by { il HALLIBURTON

is one of the critical problems
Any college teacher will agree
with DR.. Wright on the inability
of large number cf high school
graduates to read. Prabably most
of them discovered it long before
DR.. Wright did at least these
who were teaching before the
naval training programs got start
ed.
Teachers will probably also
agree that for the high school
graduates who have already
reached college, the colleges
must try in some fashion to cor
rect" this glaring and devastating
ly crippling deficiency. Indeed
many colleges have for some time
been trying to do something about
it. They find they must, if large
proportion of their students are
to learn anything much in most
tof their courses. For the ability to
read and to comprehend what one
reads is absolutely basic to the
learning in almost any kind OF
school Everybody needs to know
The southern news., 1946-11-09

Under the caption, college
Freshmen Need to Learn How To
Read there appeared in a re-
cent issue OF the NEW YORK
TIMES a short item from which
the following is quoted:
Liberal Arts colleges today
have an immense obligation to
teach plain literacy to students
who come to college unable to
read the printed word with any
degree of comprehension, accord
ing to DR.. Louis B. Wright of the
Huntington Library, San Marino.
California"
The item goes on to quote Or
Wright:
"Some of US who had a part in
the naval training programs were
shocked at the complete inno-
cence of reading habits displayed
by aspirants to naval commas
sions Many boys simply were in'y
capable of reading ordinary prose
exposition and extracting any
meaning from it. The present
illiteracy of high school graduates
The southern news., 1946-11-09
SECOND CLASS CITIZENS

In q recent issue Of the News and Ob-
server appeared an editorial under the
caption, Second Glass Citizens" In view
of some of the editorials appearing re
Gently in that newspaper, and in view of
the connection in which the phrase is usu
ally employed it might have been eX-
pected that the subject of the editorial
was the second class citizenship of the
Negro in this country, and especially III
the South. But instead it was quotation
from and comment on an editorial from
the Charlotte News, concerning the pro-
posed constitutional amendment which
would give women the right to serve on
iuries in North Carolina.
Certainly we agree that women in
North Carolina and everywhere should
be first class citizens, and barring them
from Jury service all this time since the
18th Amendment to the Federal COnstl
tuition went into effect hasn't made much
sense.
Having had ones attention called to
the matter of jury service, however, one
ponders over the infrequency with which
III a better known category of second
class citizens Negro men, have been call
ed for jury service in the state courts. III
a recent case in Forsyth County mo
ton to dismiss the case on the ground that
Negroes were Systematically excluded
from Jury service was set aside, but on
lv after the Judge found advisable to cali
a special venire on which he specified
that ten Negroes be included.
Unless this writer has missed a lot of
news, what allegedly obtained in For
syth as to Negro jury service is not a
lot different from what is true in Wake
and lot of other counties in North, Caro-
lima 1t would be interesting to find out
how many Negroes served on Superior
Court grand and petit juries throughout
North Carolina in the past twelve months,
and in the past five years. 1t would be
even more intriguing to find out how It
happens that such a few Negroes re
drawn for jury service in a state with
80 per cent Negro population.
The Carolinian