Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1946-06-14

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way of inspection and other means
to protect complying states against
the hazards of violations and eva
Sions.
The work of the commission
should proceed by separate stages
the successful completion of each
of which will develop the necessary
confidence of the world before the
next stage is undertaken"
Our mandate rests, in text and in
spirit, upon the outcome of the con-
ference in Moscow of Messrs. Molo-
TOW of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. Bevin of the United
Kingdom, and Brynes of the United
States of America. The three For
eign Ministers. on December q,
l945, proposed the establishment Of
this body.
/ Proposed by Three Powers.
/ Their action was animated by a
preceding conference in Washington
on November Is, l945. when the
President of the United States, as
ISOLATED with Mr. Attlee, Prime Min
lister of the United Kingdom and
Mr.. Mackenzie King, Prime Minister
of Canada, stated that international
control of the whole field of atomic
energy was Immediately essential.
They proposed the formation of this
body. In examining that source, the
agreed declaration, it will be found
that the fathers of the concept
recognized the final means of world
salvation-the abolition of war. Sol
EMMY they wrote:
I'VE are aware that the only COM
plete protection for the civilized
world from the destructive use of
scientific knowledge lies in the pre-
vention of war. No system of safe
guards that can be devised will OF
itself provide an effective guarantee
against production of atomic weap-
ons by nation bent on aggression.
Nor can We ignore the possibility of
the development of other weapons,
or of new methods of warfare, which
may constitute as great a threat to
Slt1llLollOll tllC 1lilllldl use Vi
atomic energy"
Through the historical approach
I have outlined, we find ourselves
here to test If man can produce,
through his will and faith, the
miracle Of peace, just as he has,
through science and skill, the
miracle of the atom.
United States Urges World Agency.
The United States proposes the
creation of an international atomic
development authority, to which
should be entrusted all phases of
the development and use of atomic
energy, starting with the raw ma
terial and including:
l. Managerial control or owner
ship of all atomic energy activities
potentially dangerous to world Sc
curity.
| 2. Power to control. inspect and
license all other atomic activities.
g. The duty of fostering the bene-
fetal uses of atomic energy.
4. Research and development re-
Sponsibilities of an affirmative char
acter intended to put the authority
in the forefront of atomic knowl-
edge and thus to enable it to COM
prehend, and therefor to detect,
misuse of atomic energy. To be ef-
fective, the authority must itself be
the worlds leader in the field of
atomic knowledge and development
and thus supplement its legal au-
thority with the great power in
herent in possession of leadership in
knowledge.
Previous Failures Reported.
I offer this as a basis for begin
ming our discussion.
But, I think, the peoples We serve
would not believe-and without
faith nothing counts-that a treaty,
merely outlaWing possession or use
of the atomic bomb constitutes ef-
fective fulfillment OF the instructions
to this commission. Previous fail
ures have been recorded in trying
the method of simple remuneration,
unsupported by effective guarantees
of security and armament limita-
ton. No one would have faith In
that approach alone.
Now, if ever, is the time to act
for the common good. Public opinion
supports world movement toward
security. If read the signs alright,
the peoples want a program not
composed merely of pious thoughts
but Of enforceable sanctions-an in
ternational law with teeth in it.
We of this Nation, DESTROYS of
helping to bring peace to the world
and realizing the heavy obligations
upon us, arising from our possession
of the means of producing the bomb
and from the fact that it IS part of
our armament, are prepared to make
/ our full contribution toward ef1ec-
tive control Of atomic energy.
Would Halt Manufacture.
/ When an adequate system of
atomic energy, including the re-
nunciation of the bomb as a weap-
on, hae been agreed upon and put
into effective operation and condign
punishments set up for violations
Of the rules of control which are to
be stigmatized as international
crimes, we propose that:
l. Manufacture of atomic bombs
shall stop;
g. Existing bombs shall be dis
posed of pursuant to the terms of
the treaty. and
3. The authority shall be in pos
session of full information as to the
know-how for the production of
atomic energy.
Let me repeat, so as to avoid mis-
understanding: My country is
ready to make its full contribution
toward the end We seek. subject, of
course, to our constitutional pro-
cesses, and to an adequate system
of control becoming fully effective,
as we finally work it out.
Now as to violations: In the
agreement, penalties OF as serious a
nature as the nations may wish and
as immediate and certain in their
execution as possible, should be
f1xed for:
1. Illegal possession or use of an
atomic bomb;