davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-11-07
Time to Act
ON the London Times.

From the LOnQ0n 1laes'
The time has arrived when. In self
interest no less than in the broader IN
terests OF the nations, Great Britain
must seize the occasion to press the fruits
of her own experience as contribution,
which might be decisive, to international
economic accord. The need for the
broadest restoration of exchange and
intercourse among the nations Is uni
versally recognized; the obstacles are
the product of different conceptions OF
economic interest and consequent con-
test for influence and power. 1t is for
Britain to show that, while she rejects
state trading as an overriding method
of commercial contact, this does not I'M
ply support for return to merely mega
tive principles of nondiscrimination or q
reputation of the planning and con-
trivance which the circumstances and
necessities Of most countries insistently
demand Many European countries, re-
Iuctant on the one hand to commit
themselves wholeheartedly to the Soviet
example, yet conscious on the other
hand that out-and-out 'multilateral"
policies may be too austere and infiex-
ible to suit the needs of their war
stricken economies, would welcome
British leadership In pursuing an inter-
mediate course.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
COP Legislative Outlook
By Bsyfrann Benedict

ernment employees (3; reduction Of
public debt ID.
End Of price control; rent regulation
by States ca; end Of wage control ~;
no increase Of minimum wage to IS
cents; include labor costs In farm parity
formula (2).
No Government interference with re-
suits of collective bargaining; enforce
ment of labor contracts on both sides
CD; compulsory cooling-off period in
labor disputes; prohibition of secondary
boycotts; fact-finding boards in utility
disputes; no collective bargaining rights
for foremen; wider injunctions in labor
disputes: no drafting of strikers in pres
ent emergency CD; Secretary of La
bor representing organized labor ID.
4 X
No Federal bureaucratic interfer-
ence" with the State system of social
security; no socialized medicine CD;
State control of offshore oil; moderniza-
ton Of Congress (2).
Two-term limit for presidency: the
equal rights amendment: permanent
FEPC; antilynching law; antipon tax
amendment %.
No Government competition with pr1-
vate business; more efficient administra-
ton; restoration of individual freedom
and opportunity; end of present trend
toward socialism. reorganization, bu-
reaucracy, class antagonism and class
exploitation a., 80, (0, %.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
Only a Victors' Court?

To the Editor OF The Star:
I agree with Dorothy Thompson In
her argument that the Nuremberg trials
did not establish that the waging of as-
gressive war Is . crime.
All that the trials established, in my
opinion, k that the nations that win .
war may organise . court Of their own,
may declare for themselves what they
regard to be crimes, may declare for
themselves what the penalties shall be
and may proclaim what rules Of proce-
dure shall be followed and what evi-
dence shall be received.
But there is nothing new in this for
it has ever been thus. And what is more,
as Dorothy Thompson points out, the
trial establishes that an aggressor ma
ton, such as Russia, may participate in
organizing the court, in prosecuting the
case, and finally In deciding what pun
ishments shall be meted out.
r. WILSON.
Evening star., 1946-11-07

button will have q lasting place In
our history.
All things considered, therefore,
Tuesdays returns-though they may
mean revised implementing methods
that will bear watching-should not
be read abroad as presaging change
in our basic foreign policy. That
policy-which may be summarized as
seeking a just and enduring peace
through the fullest possible inter-
national co-operation-is neither
Democratic nor Republican policy
It is strictly an American policy,
policy lifted far above faction. At
this juncture, the leaders Of our two
great parties may find 1t wise to
join in a reaffirmation of this point.
But whether they do or not, the
world at large, not less than our own
country, has good reason not to
doubt 1t.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
Why Not Make It Official?

The second of the two unofficial
plebiscites conducted in Washington
on the right to vote tends to confirm
the belief that an effort should be
made for an official plebiscite con-
Quoted under rules laid down by
Congress.
In The Stars opinion, there is no
reason to apologize for the fact that
voting response on Tuesday brought
only about 18 per cent response from
our total estimated population. The
response in 1888 was Is per cent.
Tuesdays showing was slightly
higher than the comparable ratio
in Virginia in the presidential elec-
ton two years ago, less than half
the showing in Maryland at the same
time. But while such comparisons
are interesting, they mean little.
Here there was no voting machinery,
the whole thing was arranged In
about three weeks and the organiza-
ton was faulty, fupctioning entirely
through inexperienced volunteers.
In view CT such handicaps, the turn
out was remarkable
More concern is expressed over the
increased opposition to voting rights.
In 1888 the answers to Question No
/ on voting for municipal govern
ment officials showed l1.6 opposition
In 1916 this opposition had risen to
30 per cent. On national representa-
ton, covered in Question No. 2, the
70 per cent opposition of 1888 in
creased to 16 per cent. Whether the
opposition actually increased, or
whether more people came out and
voted in 1946 instead of staying at
home, is not known. National repre-
sentation won at every polling place;
local suffrage was defeated in sixteen
of them, all east of North and South
Capitol street. But as long as the
results show. 10 per cent voting in
favor of aahonae rulen and "a per cent
Ill 1dNOT VI lldGIOl1ol 4CPACSCAAsAoAoAA,
there should be no doubt left in any
body's mind as to whether the people
here are in favor of voting.
If Congress really wants a verifica-
ton of what has been shown in the
hurriedly organized and loosely
conducted unofficial plebiscites, 1t
should authorize an official test un-
der registration and voting regula-
tions defined by legislation. A more
precise definition of what Is meant
by "home rule" and national repre-
sentation would provide opportunity
for more discussion and better un-
derstanding of both questions. And
no one who sincerely believes in the
right of Washingtonians to- vote
need have any concern as to the
outcome of such test.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

Freshmen" Senators who take Office
in the new Congress-except Baldwin
of Connecticut and Cooper of Kentucky,
who would Immediately enter the Senate
If a special session of the old Congress
were called-include men of wide ex-
perience in public Office. Among them
are Irving M. Ives Of New York, who
succeeds Senator Mead, Democrat; Henry
Cabot Lodge, jr., of Massachusetts,, who
succeeds Senator Walsh, Democrat; Gov.
Martin of Pennsylvania. who succeeds
Senator GufIey, Democrat, and Gov.
Baldwin Of Connecticut, who succeeds
Senator Hart, Republican.
Mr.. Ives is the first Republican to be
elected to the Senate from New York
since 1920 when James w. Wadsworth.
jr., now q member of the House, was
elected and served until 1927. Vigorous,
so years old, Mr.. Ives for q decade
has been Speaker or majority leader
of the New York Assembly. He has
specialized in one subject which will be
before the new Congress in big way
relations between labor, and industry.
Indeed, he was responsible for the estab-
lishment of the New York School Of
Industrial and Labor, Relations at Cor
nell, the first school OF its kind IN the
Nation. He had declared himself out
Of the political picture last spring, to
take the deanship of this school, but
was drafted by the Republican State
Convention In September to make the
race for the Senate.
Ths New York State Legislature, un-
den. .rthe leadership sof Mr.. Ives, also
crested the state Department Of Com
merca. and more recently his name was
attached to the law prohibiting dis
elimination because Of race, creed, color
or national origin. %
Massachusetts,, for the first time In
years, will have two Republican Sena-
tors, Lodge and Saltonstall. Lodge
served for several years in the Senate
and resigned to join the Army in the
European theater. Both Lodge and
Saltonstall, who was one Of the most
popular Governors the Bay State ever
had. are likely to be in the national
picture in 1948. depending on whom the
Republicans select for their presidential
nominee. If the COP goes West for
its candidate, taking Warren Of Cali
fornia, Stassen Of Minnesota. Vanden-
Evening star., 1946-11-07

berg of Michigan or Bricker of Ohio, it
would be the natural thing for them
to turn to the East for vice presi-
dental nominee. Saltonstall and Lodge
have both been suggested as likely
choices. On the other hand, should they
pick Gov. Dewey of New York to head
their national ticket, StaSsen, Warren
or Bricker might be the vice presidential
nominee-provided any one of them
would consent to take the nomination.
Baldwin of Connecticut, Martin OF
Pennsylvania and Thye of Minnesota
are three incumbent Republican Gov
ernors who were swept into the Senate
on the tidal wave Of resentment and
opposition to the present Democratic
national administration. Gov. Baldwin
had been three times elected chief
executive Of his State. So popular was
he with the voters that the Democrats
found dificulty this year in finding a
man to contest with Baldwin for the
Senate seat He, too, has frequently
been mentioned as possibility for the
Republican national ticket.
Gov. Martin, who took the measure
and then some of Senator Guf1ey In
pennSylvaf1A, has mace an eXccuen6
record as Governor. He is veteran OF
three wars-and has very definite ideas
regarding what should be done to main
tain adequate national defense.
Mr.. Bricker has defeated incumbent
Senator Huffman, the Democrat who
was appointed to I'LL Republican va
casicy in the Senate when Associate
Justice Burton Of the Supreme Court
was placed on the bench by President
Truman. Mr.. Bricker's winning vote
was impressive, which increases his
prestige nationally as well as in Ohio.
In the Senate he will have as his col
league Senator Taft, runnerup for the
Republican presidential nomination In
1910. The two Ohio Senators will have
to come to a decision, between them
selves, on the question of favorite-son-
candidacy for the 1s48 presidential nom
ination. Either that, or go on to q
bitter presidential preference campaign
in the spring of that year.
Take it by and large, the average
of ability in the Senate will be con-
siderably enhanced by the coming
changes, both on the Democratic and
Republican sides of the chamber.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
Atom and Sunity

DR.. William C. Menninger, who was
the Army's chief psychiatrist during
the war. has just warned that worry
about the atom may cause lot Of
people to bend" toward mental ILL
ness. This does not mean, he says,
that they will break" and lose their
minds; 1t means merely that their
outlook will be less than healthy,
their nerves on edge. their thoughts
somber and unpleasant, making the
everyday process of Hving-which
involves quite strain already-so
unattractive that sanity will be hard
put to flourish.
OF course, If we could count on a
future in which nuclear fission
would be exploited only to serve
beneficent ends, DR.. Menninger's
warning would be unnecessary. The
fact is, though, that unless the atom
is supervised and policed under an
international authority along the
lines proposed by the United States,
nobody anywhere will be able to en-
joy real peace of mind. All of us
here and overseas-will be jumpy;
the shadows will seem full of
enormous perils; whole nations will
go to bed at night fearful of what
the morrow may bring; as the years
roll by, with the different countries
in the dark about what each may be
doing with uranium, suspicion will
fatten into something like panic, and
the bend" toward mental illness will
be not much less than madness
verging on global catastrophe.
The medicine for this is already
available. Fundamentally, 1t is q
simple concoction Of various safe
guards adding up to effective inter-
national control It is cure that
can guarantee the atomic happiness
and sanity Of mankind right now.
All that is required is that the world
take it without dangerous delay. Let
it be taken, and no people will have
to worry about losing their minds;
let it net-be taken, and they will
have to worry about losing not only
their minds. but everything.
Evening star., 1946-11-07

basis. Meanwhile. too. San Fran
cisco has, made similar handsome
offer, and more than a few Of the
foreign delegations are tempted to
forget all about Westchester and
its rather bad temper.
With the situation thus pretty
much up in the air, the United
States now proposes to participate
actively in the site deliberations,
confining them to Westchester, San
Francisco and Flushing Meadow.
What the final decision will be re-
mains to be seen, but with our direct
help and counsel the United Nations
as a whole ought to find 1t much
easier to make up its mind. This is
all to the good. There has been SO
much bumbling along this line al
ready that some member-nations-
notably Russia. which has Just tried
unsuccessfully to have a European
site considered-have begun to
doubt the wisdom of locating head
quarters in America. We owe it to
ourselves to help settle this question
without further delay.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
In Need of Settlement

Now that the United States has
abandoned it's neutral" position,
there is good reason to hope that
the United Nations will be able to
speed up a final decision on a site
for permanent headquarters. Here
tofore, our official attitude has been
to remain strictly aloof from the
question, on the theory that we
might otherwise seem to be exerting
undue pressure on the other men,
berS of the U. N. This neutrality"
however, has been more confusing
than helpful, and we can be sure
that the foreign delegations will
welcome the fact that we have ended
it. After all, they are relative
strangers in this country and in try
ing to establish a home in 1t they
can make excellent use of our active
guidance.
AS result of past action, the new
world organization is more or less
committed to the idea Of setting up
it's headquarters in the Westchester
suburbs of New York. But this COM
mitment-which is not flnal-has
stirred up considerable and not-too-
courteous opposition among resi-
dents of that area. Meanwhile, the
City of New York has proffered a
27,O00,00O gift of $50 acres of Flush
ing Meadow Park to the United Ma
tions, the site now being used by the
General Assembly on q temporary
Evening star., 1946-11-07

His speech is slo,0 and thrifty. Ike th1
man, K
And ouerlaid ,pith echoes of the past:
His are the ancient ,ouys, born OF tbs
land
And tostered by the north ,Dinds Jorcs.
tul blast.
He ,Dedrs his manners nth q eoHrtlr
That turns his patches into princsst
cloak: ~
This is the heritage OF steodtast rnce,
OF men as rooted as the nsassioe oak,
OF men tUJto loDe beyond the need for
speech - ~
The fruitful promise OF their fertile
fields,
Who generate the river and the beach,
And reap from autumn more than hdr.
pest yields.
Such IoUe is homage TO his placs ~
birth, $50
A. sure as spring. as ageless as the earth.
ALBERT WARNER DOWL1N0.
Evening star., 1946-11-07
Ii Still Stands

In their first reaction to the
sweeping Republican congressional
victory, some observers abroad have
expressed the fear that the foreign
policy of the United States may now
undergo a drastic change. This fear
is based in no small measure on the
fact that when the Democrats lost
the Senate in 1918 olationism came
to replace President Wilson'S pro-
gram for international collaboration.
But the situation today is entirely
different from what it was then, and
to identify the two in terms OF
Americas relations with the rest OF
the world is to be mistaken in the
extreme.
To begin with, the overwhelming
majority of the American people are
convinced beyond changing that
they must cooperate fully in the
great family of nations. This holds
true for Republicans quite as much
as for Democrats. In 1918 the idea
of world organization was still an
abstraction, and we turned away
from it. Today, however, it is not an
abstraction: it is a living reality,
called into being under our leader
ship and now functioning in our own
land-an organization to which we
have unqualifiedly committed our
selves by an almost unanimous vote
In Congress.
This fact alone-the fact that the
United Nations is already in action,
with America as a leading member
should be enough to reassure gov
ernments and peoples abroad that
the post-1918 story is not going to
be repeated. But an even greater
guarantee is the fact that our role
in the u. N. and our overall ap-
proach to world affairs are the direct
result of the finest display Of bi-
partisan cooperation ever seen in
this country. Unlike President Will
son, President Roosevelt wisely pro-
vided for two-party participation in
the shaping of our foreign policy
long before the new international
organization was founded at San
Franciscan arrangement that
President Truman has carried out to
the full. For their part, key Republi-
cans have offered splendid collabo-
ration-Governor Dewey for one;
former Senator Austin, our chief
delegate to the U. NJ, for another;
but most of all Senator Vandenberg,
whose profoundly important contri-
Evening star., 1946-11-07

The sweeping Republican victory will
have little effect on this country's basic
foreign policies Throughout the year
Secretary of State Byrnes has been care
full to consult the spokesman Of the Re-
publican Party on foreign affairs. Sem
ator Vandenberg, and no final decision
on major issues has been taken until
his views have been received. As mat
ter of fact, Mr. Byrnes has taken the
position since last spring that his job
was to formulate national and not
partisan foreign policy.
The Secretary of State has had some
difficulties with the minority members
of the Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee on few occasions when he re-
turned to Washington between interna-
tional meetings. These difficulties did
not arise because OF opposition to his
stand at the meetings but because the
Republicans did not like the way he was
shutting his eyes to the activities OF
the Communists or Communist sympa-
thizers within the State Department.
The Republican members insisted that
he clean house in order to protect fully
the security of the country. Reasons OF
domestic political expediency have pre-
vented Mr.. Byrnes from acting In ac-
cordance with the special powers given
him by the Senate.
4
Mr.. Byrnes has received more support
from his team" In the State Depart
ment than any other Secretary has re-
ceived during the IA years OF Democratic
administration. Some of his underlings
are not in full agreement with his pol
1cies and are still veering toward mod
flied form Of appeasement. but on mat
tiers in which he has taken an active
hand he has had their full support.
Secretary Byrnes' method of working
Is to take first things first. This means
that while he is concentrating on the
European problems he pays little or no
attention to Far Eastern, Middle East
ern and Near Eastern affairs.
1t Is In these questions which do not
come directly under the eyes Of the Sec
retary and his senatorial advisers that
invisible forces" sometimes direct and
inspire the policies of the administra-
ton.
The invisible forces" are mainly out
side the State Department and frequent
Evening star., 1946-11-07
This Changing World
By Constantine Broscn

ly have ready access to the White House.
Among the outsiders who are said TO
have Influenced the views OF President
Truman, particularly In reference to the
Near East, the most prominent name
mentioned Is that Of David K. Niles.
Mr.. Niles Is one of the Presidents ad-
ministrative assistants who has offices
in the State Department but has no
official position in that organization. MIR.
Truman's statement on Palestine on
October 8, which was considered by some
OF the highest officials Of the State De-
partment az being untfmely and mere
gesture because 1t has not since been
implemented, was inspired and drafted
by Mr.. Niles and several other outsiders.
These men possessed neither the neces-
sary vision nor the required training to
realize that such a public statement
would have less effect on the British
government than If Mr.. Truman had
used even more severe language but had
kept the matter as a confidential paper
between two friendly governments.
On his return from Paris, Secretary
Byrnes adroitly disclaimed all RESPONSE
bility by stating at q press conference
that in such questions the State Depart
ment acted only as a transmitting
agency.
~ 4
In the past some foreign affairs
specialists" Of the CIO also have fire.
quently taken hand In the conduct Of
Americas foreign policies, particularly
in the Western Hemisphere, where men
like George Mechanowsky, recently
naturalized Russian citizen, has a great
deal Of influence with the State Depart
ment's Latin American division.
All these invisible forces" whose ad-
vice in the last 18 months has prevailed
over that Of the regular officers of the
Foreign Service, are likely to disappear
now that a new Congress has been
elected. Many Democratic Senators such
as Tom Connally, chairman of the For
eign Relations Committee, did not ap-
prove of the inlnixture Of these ire
sponsible outsiders In the country's for
eign policies. But party loyalty prevented
them from joining their Republican
colleagues in helping remedy q situation
which, II permitted to continue, might
have seriously injured vital interests Of
this country abroad
Evening star., 1946-11-07

What kind of legislation q Republican
Congress will pass "a indicated from
four sources: O The 1914 Republican
platform, "a the 1916 Republican vot-
ing record in Congress, 90 policy
statement issued by Republican MEM
bers Of Congress on December S, 1s45,
and indorsed three days later by the
Republican National Committee; (D a
statement on foreign policy adopted by
the Republican National Committee ON
April /, 1916.
In studying these documents, several
considerations must be borne in mind.
First, the party out of power necessarily
expends more of its ammunition against
the policies of the administration than
on a definite program Of its own. Sec
ond. eggs can't be unscrambled and
proposal fought by the COP as the
minority party may have to be accepted
by the COP as the majority party be-
cause it has gone into effect. For in
stance, most Republicans in Congress
voted against the British loan, but
would hardly vote now to cancel 1t.
Third, a party out of power sometimes
changes its policy when it comes into
power under a new leadership; the
Democrats in 1882 condemned the Re-
publican administration for not bal
ancing the budget and not practicing
economy Finally. a party may change
its mind as party control shifts; the
Republican platform of 1882 favored
membership in the World Court, the
platform Of 1886 pledged that a Re-
publican administration would keep the
United States out of the court.
With these qualifications, then. leg
islation from Republican Congress Is
foretcld as follows, with the four sources
listed above given separately as au-
thority:
Strong support for the United Ma
tions: reorganization of the State De-
partment and wedding out Of its un-
American employees; support through
u. N. of "such nations as Poland" as
well as for "oil-rich Iran" I'd; unre-
stricted Jewish immigration to Pales-
tine %.
"The indispensable inter-American
system as a regional part OF the inter-
national organization" aid to nations
in need; sef-determination for small
states and rejection Of great power
domination" 90.
Such taxes as will enable business
to expand production and employ
ment," with flair return to both labor
and investors; Outlay brought In line
with income; economy in Government
Spending; reduction In number Of Gov