davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-07-10

to give up the Transylvanian territories
she received from Romania under the
Vienna agreement presided over by Hit
ler's Foreign Minister Won Ribbentrop
Romanias territorial reconciliation in
the west has thus been fulfilled by
unilateral action Of the u S. S. r. with
out the consent of the other Allies The
Hungarian representatives. at the Paris
Conference are unlikely to press any
claims for even a partial return Of
these disputed lands.
1t would be unhealthy for them to do
otherwise. The same thing applies to
the puppet government of Romania
Bessarabia and Bukovina already have
been ceded to the U. s. S. r. under the
armistice terms which followed the sur
render of that country and nobody will
raise the question, whether ethnicalIy
or otherwise, that Russia is entitled to
these lands. The United States. Great
Britain, France and the other minor
conferees will have to condone what
already had been done.
The status quo Is expected to remain
insofar as Bulgaria is concerned. The U.
s. S. r. is well entrenched and controls
100 per cent the Sofia government Bull
garia's revendication to acquire a por-
ton OF Greeces territory and obtain
access to the Aegean Sea is a matter
which has no room on the agenda OF
the peace parley. Greece is victorious
nation and the conference cannot be
expected to ask her to make territorial
sacrifices in favor Of an enemy country
Whether the question of peace treat
les with Austria and Germany will be
brought up remains to be seen. Secre-
tary Byrnes left Washington In June
fully determined to bring an end to
the present situation in Austria. He can
see no reason why that small republic
should be compelled to maintain large
foreign armies of occupation and feed
them from its depleted larder. Before
leaving for Paris he stated frankly that
he will do his utmost to end the present
situation which he considers contrary
to the Moscow and London declarations
of the Big Three. He wishes to relieve
Austria of an unbearable burden and
also wants to get the American forces
out of the zone occupied by us as quickly
as possible. Only the formal signature
OF peace treaty will compel the occupy
ing countries to remove their forces
So far as Germany is concerned the
situation remains as complex as it was
after Hitler's downfall. Peace treaties
are being made with sovereign govern
ments representing the peoples of a
country. Germany has no such govern
ment. The occupying powers can do
whatever they wish within the Reich
but there is no central or even regional
authority with which they can conclude
valid interna tional treaty
Evening star., 1946-07-10
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

organized Western Europe ripe for ruin.
Italian feeling will be hopelessly and
endlessly exacerbated, especially against
the west 1t was to the Western Al
lies that Italy surrendered to them that
she offered co-belligerency: from them
that she hoped for treatment at least
remotely compatible with the principles
OF the Atlantic Charter.
To Italy, furthermore, Britain and the
United States made repeated promises
One man and one man alone" said
Mr.. Churchill, was responsible for en-
nifty toward Italy Now the man is
dead, killed by Italian insurgents. and
exists only as myth which we are do
ing our best to revive in heroic memory
for the Italian nation and people. Italy,
an infant republic. and still with high
possibility of mortality, is going to be
handed peace treaty which is as like
" to ring its death knell a few years
from now as the treaty of Versailles
condemned the infant German republic
and democracy.
France, who, in her terrible weakness
certainly needs friends in Europe, and
for whom the Italian masses felt sympa-
thy both before and after their unen-
thusiastic precipitation into the war,
has grabbed Briga and Tenda and their
surrounding territory. Tito, from whose
beneficent rule tens of thousands of
his own people would escape if there
were a channel open, has grabbed Vene-
zia Giulia, after staging demonstrations
learned, originally. from D'Annunzio-
the inventor, incidentally, of the Fascist
salute. The Italian Navy which came
over to us is to be reduced to four cruis-
ers. Preparations are proposed which
are preposterous in view of Italy's dey-
astation, desolation and poverty. And
the only political groups within Italy
who can profit are the Communists
and the presently silent though unre-
constructed FaScists who have been
given the next rallying cry for a ma
tionalist wave
None of this is peace making, and
none of it will be accepted in the sullen
hearts of millions of men. All Europe
knows by now that what the great
powers are doing is not making peace
but maneuvering into positions for the
next war. And even in those disgusting
maneuvers the United States. having a
much harder boiled and ruthless op-
ponent, is losing
released by the Bell Syndicate. IncN
Evening star., 1946-07-10
Minnesota Primary

The view that the results of the
recent Nebraska primary-a setback
for the presidential aspirations of
Harold E. Stassen-were not neces-
sarily indicative of a resurgence of
isolationist sentiment in the Middle
West finds strong reinforcement in
the outcome of Minnesota's Repub-
lican primary.
The Minnesota Republicans have
chosen Governor Edward J. Tive,
who was backed to the hilt by Mr..
Stassen, as their candidate for the
Senate. And in winning the NOM
ination, Governor Thye defeated the
veteran isolationist incumbent, Sen
ator Henrik Shipstead, by a much
wider margin than had been ex-
pected.
This may or may not have any
significant bearing on the fight
which Mr.. Stassen is making for the
COP presidential nomination in 1948.
Certainly, to some extent, it will
tend to Offset the adverse effect of
the defeat of his candidate in the
Nebraska primary. But this gain
should be measured with caution, for
there are more contrasts than par
allels in the political situations in
the two States. In Nebraska, Senator
Butler, who won denomination de-
spite the opposition of Mr.. Stassen,
had the support of most of the regu-
lar Republican organization. In Min
nesota, however, the Republican or
ganization is controlled by Mr..
Stassen, and therefore was lined up
almost solidly behind the Stassen
candidate, Governor Thye. In the
light vote cast, this was an advan-
tage of no mean proportions. Then
there is the additional uncertainty
resulting from the fact that num-
ber of local issues were at stake in
the election. none of which was of
national import and therefore re-
vealed little or nothing of Mr.. Stas-
sens true strength as presidential
contender.
There is one conclusion to be
Evening star., 1946-07-10

drawn from the primary, however,
which is hardly open to dispute.
Senator Shipstead was an ardent
and avowed isolationist, being one OF
the two members OF the Senate to
vote against the United Nations.
Much Of his primary campaign was
devoted to such things as his fight
against the British loan and his con-
spicuous opposition to the United
Nations brand of international CO.
operation, supported by Mr. Stassen
and his candidate. But his appeal
for return to dead age fell on dis
interested ears The response for
which Senator Shipstead hoped from
the Minnesota Republicans was not
forthcoming. The great majority
either voted for his opponent or did
not trouble to 60 to the polls. So
at least 1t can be said that, in Min
nesota, where the tide of nationalism
once ran high, there has been a real
change of heart. For twenty-four
years the voters there followed the
isolationist lead of Senator Ship
stead, but they will follow him no
longer.
Evening star., 1946-07-10
Interim in India

"Caretaker government" emphat-
tcally characterizes the regime set
up by the Viceroy. Lord Wavell, to
help India's chief executive run the
machinery of the British raj" until
India's embattled political factions
can compose their differences suf-
flciently to begin the formation of
a regime based on the popular will
The immediate obstacle to such
start In self-government has been
the inability of the two main politi-
cal groups, the Hindu-d dominated
Congress party and the Moslem
League, to agree on the interim
native government which would
function under the Viceroy until
elections for constituent assembly
are completed and that body is
convened and in action. So Lord
Wavell has appointed to his execu-
tive council a number of govern
mental experts. only two of whom
are Indians, to carry on through this
perplexing interim period.
The one tangible gain registered
Evening star., 1946-07-10

would be present If it were tackling the
Standard Oil trust of the gay '90s
Except for names, it sounds as if it
were written by schoolboy inspired by
William Jennings Bryan in 1900. Life
is simple to trust buster A single
formula suf6ces. These are trusts
Trusts are bad. Break them up and let
little businesses serve the big demands
of big country. Modern necessities
and ancient prototypes seem to have
been lost on the Edwards mission.
Even Gen. Macarthur, who is not an
economist. sees how inadequate is the
formula proposed by this mission. For
it is reported that he is against its
recommendations and proposes, instead,
that the benefits of big industry be re-
tained, while strict control be exer-
cised by government. The Macarthur
formula would retain partial private
ownership, with precautions against the
use of Japanese industry by militaristic
interests.
1t would seem that the best means
of retaining the value of the zaibatsu
for the service of Japan and of keeping
hAASS1AASA lAOlI UlCWlIlS WOulO NC 10 nave
some, perhaps majority. of the stock
OF these companies held by international
control, perhaps by the u N. Policing
and inspection would be maintained
through such control. Profits coming
from shares held by the international
body could be used for some public pur-
pose in Japan, such as health and sani-
tation.
The Edwards report is a further IL
lustration of the intellectual bankruptcy
of the New Deal The assorted leaders
of that regime in Washington ever since
the NRA days have assumed that big
companies were bad, but they couldn't
decide exactly what to do about 1t. Our
job is to see that Japan becomes self
supporting without benefit of new crop
OF militarists. 1t is not a cadaver for
the educational purposes Of New Deal
freshmen.
Reieased By the Associated Newspapers inc).
Evening star., 1946-07-10
Not Guilty PIeu

Induced to speak out by the pub
licity which has been given to his
association with the anything but
creditable operations of the Carson
brothers, Representative Andrew J.
May has made a statement to his
colleagues in the House which boils
down to an elaborate plea of not
guilty.
He denied that he had ever asked
for or received any compensation or
fee for anything that he did for the
Carson enterprises. He paid his
expenses out OF his own pocket.
And he denied that the Endorsement,
"A. j. May, President" which
appeared on the back of a $4,000
check payable to the Cumberland
Lumber Co., was his.
In view Of this it may be wondered
why Mr.. May does not voluntarily
appear before the Mead Committee,
which is investigating the Carson
affair, to testify publicly and under
oath. One might expect that an
innocent man, whose name had been
unjustly besmirched, would be eager
to take this course. And in Mr..
Mays case, because of the high
position he holds as chairman of
the House Military Affairs Com
mittee, there are more than merely
personal reasons why he should be
anxious to cooperate in every pos
sible way to get to the bottom Of a
very unwholesome mess. It is to be
hoped that he will do so. But II he
does not, then 1t will become the
clear duty of the Mead Committee
Ito pursue the matter to the end,
regardless OF whose name may be-
come involved or what the political
consequences may be. With or with
out Mr.. Mays assistance, 1t should
not be difficult matter to dig out
all the facts. And neither the COM
mittee nor the country should be
satisfied with anything less than
all of the facts.
Evening star., 1946-07-10
Report on Local Tuxes

The report of the Commissioners
Tax Committee, consisting of mu-
niclpal officials appointed about a
year ago to survey all available
sources of local revenue, Is not to
be considered either as a program
or plan.
All the committee has done is to
show where taxes, not levied now,
could be levied. 1t is another ques-
ton entirely, and one which the
committee does not discuss, whether
such taxes should be levied.
Before any or all of such a list
of tax sources should be tapped,
other steps must be taken. The first
Is some determination of whether
the people of the District of Co.
lumbia are being fairly taxed now.
One method of determining that is
to find out what the citizens of
the District are paying in relation
to what the citizens of other COM
parable communities are paying. If
the people of the District are shown
to be paying relatively fair amount
in local taxes, an increase in the
tax burden becomes unjustified.
Such comparisons in the past, the
most recent one being the findings
of the investigators of the Senate
District Appropriations Committee,
show that the District is highly
taxed in comparison with the tax
burden of other cities. The people
of the District, said this report, are
doing their part. The deficiencies
In revenue are the result of the
Federal Governments failure to
meet its own obligations.
Any plan to boost local taxes
must, therefore, be coupled with
legislation to fix the amount of
revenue to be supplied by the
controlling National Government.
Without such legislation, committing
the National Government to a def
mite policy, the extra amount COL
lected in local taxes would not be
used for needed municipal enter
prises. 1t would be used, as in the
past, to bring about further re-
auctions in the Federal payment.
Evening star., 1946-07-10
This Changing World |.
By Constantine Bro,cn

Although peace, in the real meaning
OF the word, is still far of peace treaties
with Italy and the former Nazi satel-
lites from Finland to the Black Sea
appear closer today than ever since
the surrender of Germany
From the point of view of signing
peace documents. the Paris Conference
has been real success.
The delaying tactics of Foreign Min
lister Molotov made his western COL
leagues despair that a peace confer
ence would ever be held Thus, when
the Soviet principal representative at
the Big -Four meeting finally put his
stamp Of approval on the issuance OF
invitations for the Paris parley to be
held on July 20 they all gave sigh of
relief. The agreement of the Soviet
government to call the victorious and
defeated nations together was consid-
cred real victory for the western
democracies. Russia withdrew its de-
mand that set of rules should accom-
pany the invitations and that the work
Of the conferees should be strictly lin
tied by these rules This the American
British and French Foreign Ministers
feel is a real victory.
Some diplomatic observers in WASH
ington, however, consider that the So
Wet concessions are more fictitious than
real.
There Is no likelihood that the peace
conditions agreed upon among the Big
Four in regard to Italy will be mate
rally changed The question of Tri-
este and the Istrian Peninsula has been
settled and there Is no possibility that
at the meeting OF the 2l nations the
decisions to internationalize and place
that "1nf1ammable" area under the ju-
risdiction OF the United Nations will be
changed. What will happen after the
evacuation OF American and British
divisions which are policing the Morgan
Line is seemingly immaterial We will
achieve an important objective by pull
ing out our forces and bringing them
back safely to the United States.
The question Of the Italian overseas
possessions will come up for discussion
once more next year and our policy is
not to cross bridges until we get TO
them.
The peace treaties with Finland, Hun
gary, Romania and Bulgaria are for all
lntents and purposes already in effect
The Russians have established them
selves in the territories they wanted
from Finland and the reparations ex-
acted from that little state already are
being paid under the existing armistice
agreement to which this country Is not
a party. The formal signature of
peace treaty merely will make formal
the present de facto situation
Hungary already has been compelled
Evening star., 1946-07-10
The Amazing Mr.. Hughes

II there was ever any doubt in
any ones mind that Howard Hughes
is a remarkable person, the latest
episode in his extraordinary career
should remove it. This forty y-year-
old aviation adventurer decided to
be his own test pilot on the initial
flight of a fast, radically designed
experimental fighter plane he was
developing for the Army Air Forces.
The plane failed to clear some
houses, caromed crafty for a few
brief moments and then crashed in
flames.
Mr.. Hughes, rescued from the
wreckage by a Marine, was found to
have a skull fracture, eight broken
ribs, a collapsed lung and other
grave Injuries. Yet, on recovering
consciousness at a hospital, he in
sisted on summoning members of
his staff and gave them a rapid
series of orders about carrying on
his business pending his return.
Only the arrival of an outraged
physician broke up the conference
What the doctor did not know Is
that Mr.. Hughes is not one to be
! easily discouraged by adversely, once
he makes up his mind to do a thing.
He. set his mind on establishing
transcontinental and round the =
world speed records-and did so. He
has collected numerous awards, in
Guiding the Harmon Trophy twice
and the Collier Trophy once.
During the war he devoted his
energies to war planes. Only a week
ago he began assembling a new
plane, designed to be the largest
bomber in the world. On the side
he has found time to be a successful
movie producer. With a career like
that, Mr.. Hughes is not likely to be
too dismayed by a few broken bones
and bruises. He has unfinished
work to do and knowing what that
means to person of Mr.. Hughes
determination. his friends cannot
but hold high hopes for his recovery.
Evening star., 1946-07-10
Day Centers No Luxury

Day Centers No Luxury
To the Editor OF The Star:
have read your singing editorial
against the child day care program.
printed in your paper last week. 1 have
always been told it is useless to try to
convince some one who is definitely
set against an idea for no definite rea-
SON. They are just against. I have a
1eellng you are open minded
You stated that this is luxury serv-
Ice TO children. I just wonder where
that idea came from. You based your
luxury contention on the fact that
there was one teacher for every seven
children. Well, let us look at the record.
THESE schools are open from am. to
pm. Let us examine the number of
man hours worked by these teachers
and stack it up against what public
school teacher works. In public school
the teacher in the elementary grades
works from 9 to g. with one hour for
lunch, making a total of six hours a
day or 80 hours week.
The day care center teacher puts
in eight hours day or 40 hours a week.
difference of 10 hours each week or
40 hours month, another weeks work
each month. Then. too, the public
school does not handle children from
years on up. They take children in
kindergarten at 5 years of age. These
tiny ones from to require a great
deal of attention. and because of this
a larger teaching staff is required
but by and large the number of chill
uren handled and the kind of a deal
they get in our schools is pretty i'm
portant to our democracy.
Any good educator will tell you to
teach a child effectively not more than
Is children should be given to one
teacher. They can't spread themselves
over more than Is children, and when
you talk about 35 and 40 children in
classroom being taught you just don't
know what you are talking about, for
they are not taught, they are Just
shattered. This IS and 40 children In
one classroom is the root of our evil
educational penny pinching. They hope
to save little money. What for? Can
they take it with them to buy the devil
OF? Do you know that large per-
centage of our fifth grade public school
children cannot read intelligently? This
is some of your IS and 40 children
under one teacher.
IRENE l.. HARDAWAY.
editors note: Seven children per
teacher may be the proper ratio. The
editorial pointed out the contrast be-
tween luxury service that can afford
a teacher for every seven preschool
infants, while our much more important
public school system is forced to assign
40 and more children to one overworked
teacher
Evening star., 1946-07-10
The Peace Conference

On the face OF it, the agreement
repeatedly arrived at by the Big
Four Foreign Ministers assures the
holding of peace conference at
the end of July under conditions
which will permit free discussion
and the formulation of terms re-
flecting the views of all the partici-
pants.
The details of the agreement are
too complex for brief analysis Suf-
fee it to say that they require two
thirds majorities in the initiation of
proposals by the committees into
which the conference will resolve it
self, but that majority and minority
reports can be made to the confer
ence as whole. which can then
determine the disputed matters by
simple majority vote. In practice,
this assures Soviet Russia and it's
bloc of satellites an initial veto
which can. nevertheless, be over
borne by the decision of the confer
ence in its entirety. That effectively
rules out the Russian contention,
which would have reduced the con-
ference to mere rubber stamp on
Russian desires, on penalty of hope
less deadlock and failure to get any
peace settlement at the present time.
At the same time, it grants the
Soviet bloc an initial check on pro-
posals unsatisfactory to its interests
To sum up the matter: Moscow gets
a substantial concession from the
western powers in return for more
basic concession by Moscow that will
assure the rights of the smaller
powers and the conclusion of peace
settlements definitive in character.
All this appears to be a distinct
triumph for the firm stand taken by
Secretary Byrnes and Foreign Min
lister Bevin, who made it clear that
they would not yield to Soviet de-
mands in full, no matter what the
immediate consequences, and that
they were prepared to go ahead de-
spite Russia in attempts to get re-
suits by other methods. And that,
in turn, indicates what most quail
fled observers have all along con-
tended, namely, that Moscow is not
prepared at this time to risk a de-
cisive diplomatic showdown with the
western powers, backed as these are
In their attitude by virtually all the
other nations outside the Soviet bloc.
The one uncertainty in all this is
the evasive and unreliable character
OF Soviet diplomacy. Experience has
abundantly shown on this and other
occasions that Mr.. Molotov is liable
at any moment to spring a discon-
certing surprise by raising an issue
not previously part of the matter
under consideration. A similar ma
neuver thus remains always a posi-
bility. But the answer is already
indicated by the tactics of Messrs.
Byrnes and Bevin-a resolute refusal
to be stampeded and a determina-
ton to 60 ahead with the business
In hand in any event.
Evening star., 1946-07-10
First Ugly Shadows
From the London Sunday Empire News.

From the London sunday Empire news.
The man with nothing to do Is back
on the street corners of some of our
biggest cities. He has a medal ribbon
on his civilian jacket or a discharge
badge in his buttonhole. He watches
the struggles of a nation trying to
recover from the war he helped to win.
and he wonders bitterly why he is shut
out now. The first ugly shadows>of un-
employment appear. They are not large
Most towns have more jobs than men:
but there are black spots like Liverpool.
where the Is 900 mark in unemployment
is already topped, which give out warm
ings that unless quick action is taken
the old dole days will come back.