davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-23
House COP Calls First
Election -YearMeetinq
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The House Republican leadership
called its first congressional election
year meeting today to chart the
lparty's lawmaking course.
Members Of the policymaking
Steering Committee were summoned
by Minority Leader Martin to a
behind-doors discussion Of President
Truman's program.
Mr.. Martin indicated the Repub-
licans want to go over all of the
items in the Presidents state of the
Union message Monday to determine
which they can accept, and to see
whether they can agree on substi-
ltutions for those they don't like.
A party declaration approved last
month by Senate and House Re-
publicans and later affirmed by the
Republican National Committee in
Chicago, dealt with foreign affairs
national defense and domestic
affairs.
But it made few specific recon-
mendations for legislation, and
Democrats since have contended the
opposition lacks concrete program
All 435 House seats and 80 of the
Senate's 96 will be at stake in this
years balloting.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Hoey Slated 10 Speak
AS FEPC FiIibuster
Enters lis Fifth Day
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The wordy war against FEPC
entered its fifth day today, with
filibustering southern Senators
in fine voice and high fettle.
It was impossible to gauge when
or whether break would come in
their well-organized campaign to
talk to death the legislation which
would set up a permanent Fair EN-
ployment Practice Commission.
Senator Hoey, silvery-haired North
Carolina Democrat, got the nod to
take up where Senators Russell,
Democrat, of Georgia, and Tydings,
Democrat, of Maryland, left off at
s o'clock last night.
Senator Tydings told the Senate
the bill was simply political She
nanigans" and most Republicans
were supporting 1t ito get the Negro
vote" Disclaiming any intention OF
filibustering against the measure,
Senator Tydings declared:
why, there are Senators voting
for this bill who would move out of
a hotel If a colored man came in
and sat down in the dining room"
Challenges FEPC Backers.
He challenged FEPC hackers to
support an amendment which would
prevent discrimination against a
worker because of his membership
in or lack of membership in a
union"
The batting order for today has
not been announced beyond Hoey
But Senator Ellender, Democrat, OF
Louisiana volunteered that he is
being held in reserve.
Senator Ellender recalled with
satisfaction an 11-day speech he
made back in 1888 during filibuster
on the antilynching bill, which
eventually was defeated.
THAT was a pretty good speech, u
he told reporters. Il may have to
use some of it again"
Senator Russell, former Gov
ernor of Georgia, held the floor
nearly four and one-half hours yes
terday.
Against the bill from cover to
cover, Senator Russell contended 1t
was a misnomer to call the measure
"a bill to prohibit discrimination in
employment" as 1t Is labeled in the
title.
He suggested 1t be renamed
among other things, bill ito in
vite alien immigrants and assure
them of employment to the detri-
ment Of the right of native-born
Americans to work"
IF Adolf Hitler could come over
here" he declared, "he could hail
an employer up before this FEPC
kangaroo court and get a job as a
paper hanger and keep some Amer
lean soldier from getting the job. u
Morse Wants Rules Revised.
Revision of Senate rules and regu-
lations to prevent future filibusters
was advocated, meanwhile, by SEN
ator Morse, Republican, of Oregon
Senator Morse told reporter that
ii the FEPC supporters were forced
Evening star., 1946-01-23
NEW ITEMS RELEASED DAILY FOR DISPOSAL
PROTECT YOUR POSSIBLE INTEREST
IN THESE VALUABLE GOODS

Every day hundreds of additional war items
officially declared surplus and released for sale
to the War Assets Corporation. subsidiary OF
Reconstruction Finance Corporation and
every day hundreds of individuals and firms lose
priceless opportunities to cash in this valuable
source of badly needed goods simply because they
missed" getting the information.
Make sure you have this vital data reaching you
regularly. Keep in touch with the War Assets
Corporation office below. To make doubly sure
use the coupon below to check the items which
concern you, and have your name placed on our
mailing list. As those items in which you are in
terested are released to Var Assets Corporation
we will keep you informed without obligation.
For complete data regarding the special-valus
items displayed in the panel at the left, write.
wire, or phone the R. F. c. Office below.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Truman Acts to Avert
Chicqqo Rail Strike

BY the Associated Press.
President Truman today took
steps to halt a threatened strike on
two Chicago shuttle railroads which
would block livestock shipments to
the Chicago stockyards.
Acting under the railway media
ton law, the President created an
emergency board to investigate a
dispute between the Indiana Harbor
Belt Railroad, the Chicago junction
Railroad and the Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen.
A walkout of the 1900 trainmen on
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Railroads
Continued From First Paee)

changes-the others having with
drawn from this issue.
The head of the trainmen refused
to estimate when a strike would be-
come effective, if authorized by the
membership.
Both Mr.. Whitney and Mr.. John
ston said a strike would tie up ali
railroads in the country. They de.
scrlbed the rule change" issue a.
complex, involving wide variety o.
procedures. The general tenor Of
the brotherhoods' demand is to re.
wise the rules to better working con.
ditionS.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Nazi Fleet Remnants
Divided Among U. s,
Britain and Russia
~ the Associated Press.

- sAse noo9Cihteu ffeSG.
LONDON, Jan. 23.-Remnants
OF the German fleet, once a DOW
erful factor in world affairs,
have been divided among the
victorious Big Three Britain.
Russia and the United States.
Operable surface units" of the
Nazi Navy, amounting to 1859 YES
sells, together with 80 submarines,
are being split up on a share and
share alike basis, tripower COM
munique said last night.
The action leaves Germany with
OUT the veStige of combat fleet.
A British source said the German
merchant fleet also would be di-
Vlded up later, although fishing
vessels will not be taken.
All Battleships Sunk.
Involved in the splitup were two
cruisers, 80 destroyers and torpedo
noats, ~ torpedo ships and 1,670
other units. including mine sweep
ers and harbor patrol boats. All of
Germany's battleships were sunk
curing the war, and the British
disclosed last night that 100 sur
rendered German U-boats were
Scuttled last November,
Each nation, in addition to 10
submarines, will receive:
United States-The 10O00-ton
cruiser Prinz Eugen, seven DESTROY
ers and torpedo boats, IL depot ships
and $50 other units.
TN Washington, State Depart
ment officials said they could give
no indication when the identity
OF the ships allotted would be an
nounced. The Prinz Eugen, en-
route to Boston for what the NAVY
Department described as expert
mentation, yesterday was reported
speeding to the assistance of the
troopship Frederick C. Hicks 1000
miles east of New York. Later
the Hicks said she was proceeding
TO Boston at good speed and would
not require assistance)
Cruiser for Soviet.
Russia-The 6,OOO-ton cruiser
Nuremberg, 10 destroyers and tor
pedo boats. Is depot ships and 507
other units.
Britain-Thirteen destroyers and
torpedo boats, 81 depot ships and
612 other units.
Negotiations are under way on the
United Kingdoms offer to transfer
to the French some of the units
allotted to Britain. the British an
nounced.
The decision to split up the Ger
man Navy was reached at the Pots
dam Conference, the communique
said, and a tripartite naval COM
mission appointed to implement the
decision recently submitted it's re-
port.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Report Due Tomorrow
On Coyton Nomination

A favorable report is expected to
be ordered tomorrow following a
brief hearing before a subcommittee
of the Senate Judiciary Committee
on the nomination of Judge Nathan
Cayton to be chief judge of the
Municipal Court of Appeals.
There have been no objections to
the nomination and no one has
asked to be heard, but under COM
mittee rules hearing is scheduled
for 1890 am. tomorrow. The sub
committee in charge consists of
Chairman McCarran, Senator East
land, Democrat, of Mississippi and
Senator Wiley, Republican, of Wis
consin.
Evening star., 1946-01-23
Meat
Continued From First Page. y

CIO United Packinghouse Workers
would do so.
CIO Seeks to Make Deal.
The CIO endeavored to make q
deal, promising that their workers
would return to their jobs if the
Government would put their de-
wage increases into effect.
Oficials told them they could not
pre-judge the recommendations of
the fact-finding board investigating
the dispute, so the union would not
commit itself.
In Chicago, Edwin E. Witte, chair
man of the fact-finding board in the
meat strike, said the board viii con-
tinue despite Government seizure.
Whether or not the Government
seizes the plants, the facts must be
Evening star., 1946-01-23

to withdraw the measure they would
attach 1t to another piece Of legis-
lation as an amendment.
He said the vital issue is not the
bill itself, but whether legislation
will only be voted upon at the suf-
ference of willful minority"
Evening star., 1946-01-23

England now has 240 oil wells
producing about 100000 barrels of
crude oil a year, They were drilled
during the war by an Oklahoma
contractor for the British govern
ment.
Evening star., 1946-01-23

These S o type Clearing
Machine Corporation presses
have welded one-piece steel
frames, air friction clutches and
fame hardened pinions. The f1y-
wheel is mounted on anti-friction
bearings and push button control
b used.
Price: S6,1SS.oo plus Issdins
eesis, 2. O. .. teeafiea
Evening star., 1946-01-23

$50 Trumbull Panel Boxes double pole
single throw knife switch type, mounted on a
10"x9"x1a" panel. the back Of panel has
feeder busses and Trumbull. IA to termi-
nal lug connectors, mounted in Trumbull Elec.
Mfg. Co. box. Inner dimensions OF box IL u"
x9h". Box has hinged cover. Four "a"
knock out plugs are provided on sides and
bottom: About Is gauge sheet steel and is
finished in a gray enamel. New and in ex-
cellent condition. Priced $500 each fob.
Yorktown, Va. Call Richmond 7-1991-Mr.
Tutwiler
Evening star., 1946-01-23

Mercury-actuatedi instruments
for Temperatures from -38'F.
to + 1000 F. or equivalent
Centigrade. unprecedented in
strumentsfrom0 o. F. to-t600' F.
or equivalent Centigrade.
These and other types at COM
parable prices are unused and
available in good condition
EPries: $63.s5, ?. o. .. iseasisn
Evening star., 1946-01-23
cAkTRy
PORTAL CRANES

Unused 5-ton, Caterpillar
Diesel engine-driven cranes are
available for quick sale. This
equipment 10 15-foot gauge
with a 40-foot height to boom
hinge pin. Other types from
s. to 15-ton capacity are also
available at comparable prices.
Price: $ls.soo.oo. f.o.s. iee.iien
Evening star., 1946-01-23

veyor belt type with HOO lbs. capacity per
hour at 800' F., and are complete with Oil
Quench Tanks Conveyors, Draw-Furnace,
Tanks. etc, are arransed for continuous ope-
ration. Designed to operate on 220 L440 volt,
3 phase, go cycles. This equipment is used
and in good condition Full details upon re-
quest. Baltimore, Md Call Richmond T.
1991-Mr. Kelch.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
NOTICE ON
FILING INVENTORY

The State of Ohio, Union County.
Probate Court
To Everett William Bechtle, Opal
Mitchell, next of kin of Charlotte
PoSton, deceased. creditors, and the
attorneys representing any of the
above named parties:
You are hereby notified that on
the 9th day of August A. d. 1916, an
Inventory and Appraisement of the
estate of Charlotte Poston deceased,
late of Plain City in said County,
was filed in this Court.
Said Inventory and Appraisement
will be for hearing before this Court
on the 21st day of August, 1916, at
10 o'clock, Am.
Any person desiring to file excep-
tions to said Inventory must file
them at least five days prior to the
day set for hearing.
Given under my hand and seal of
said Court, this 9th day of August,
1916.
JOHN w. DALEY,
Probate Judge
S-12-1M
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
THURSDAY, AUGUST 18TH

A
5-HEAD OF CATTLE-5,, ao,, oe r,iu,. one
first calf osen hefers fresh giving @ good If 0w MILK * % one o
sey esi cow S" years Old fresh With by
38-HEAD OF HOGS-38 oz ,os f roo+s
Consisting of two Berkshire brood sf 0 GSter 90 White male hog
10 months old -
7oo ba.d Of no White Rock ohdksns weighing to lbs each
HAY AND GRAIN
heavy hay all this hay was put up without @ ram % %
othy seed one bushe Of Deab of 2126 e
zef TRACTOR OUTFIT
Faa tractor rubber with IS starter era ana 10 @ ngn one f
hydraulic power lift cutvao one set OF bottom ncn
pows spring. lift tractor % years 0o one
6-ft. tractor mower, year old
One Case eft model combine with extra screens
and extra combine canvas nr-c
good with flat rack and gram De
wheeled with flat rack and grain peo one
international corn binder carrier; nterna
grain drill with ft good Inernaona
delivery hay rake good rotary hoe lift single
cutulcer good as new one David Bradley manure a @ 1r @
double unit milking machine with new motor complete @ VIII
grain sheler steel frame
@ saw nTs g 6o one g 5 feeders o9 on set of platform scales two 100
gal fountains 125ga water tank one 3oga Kettle and
fence poultry fence; 25a Pennsylvania motor OIL Is lbs of
9o @ eension ladder one aft ladder one electric 500
Si rooder @ one wheel barrow oot garden hose one 6nc
endless drive bel milk cart one 5ga oil drum with new Erie
used light plant shovel pOw 14tooh
den cltvator one double Shovet po; one gue pG % an cal
milk blow torch one anvil one emory
tackle;
pump vse trailer hces two John Manve
asphalt shingles umbrella; 400 bots
soldering jack hog oughes some steel
poss feeders chicken wateers grain Sacks log chans
feed barrels forks shovels
spades sausage press; small tools
SOME HOUSEHOLD GOODS
kitchen
Morning heating circulating heater and other
household goods
for good farm equipment don't fail to
attend this sale nearly all good
Terms: Cash Lunch served
A.E. STEVENS AND SON
Ohn Jr, AuctiOneer Sturgis Cheney Clerk
Redwood Ohio Redwood Ohio
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
NOTICE ON
FILING INVENTORY

The State of Ohio, Union County.
Probate Court =.
To Lynn Maude Beck. Dean Fen
ner, Mary Jane Fenner. Howard
Fenner, Jennie Fenner, Dewey Land
is, next of kin and legatees and de-
visees under the will of Maude Wear,
deceased, creditors, and the attor-
neys representing any of the above
named parties:
You are hereby notified that on
the 10th day of August A. d. 1916,
an Inventory and Appraisement of
the estate of Maude Wear, deceased,
late Of Plain City in said County,
was filed in this Court.
Said Inventory and Appraisement
will be for hearing before this Court
on the 21st day of August, 1916. at
10 o'clock, Am.
Any person desiring to file eXcep-
tions to said Inventory must file
them at least five days prior to the
day set for hearing.
Given under my hand and seal of
said Court. this 10th day of August,
1916.
JOHN w. DALEY,
Probate Judge
S-19-1M
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT

case NO. 1olZZ
Estate of Charlotte Poston, De-
ceased
Notice is hereby given that
George, Poston. of Plain City, Ohio,
has been duly appointed Administra-
tor of the Estate of Charlotte Pos
ton, deceased, late of Plain City, Un-
ion County, Ohio.
Creditors are required to file their
claims with said fiduciary within
four months or be forever barred
Dated this 9 day of August, 1946
JOHN w. DALEY,
Probate Judge of said County
Gwynn Sanders, Attorney
S-12-3M
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
DITCH SALE

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, That
the work of constructing the Cow
Run Ditch No. 1906 in Paris and I'm
ion Township. Union County, Ohio,
will be sold by sealed bids to the
lowest responsible bidder, on Sat-
urday the 31st day of August. 1896.
Bids will be received up to 1000
O'Clock AM. The work will be sold
as given below:
/. Gnn4Hnn Nm. 4
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

give bond for each Section on the
day of sale or within five days there
after Each bidder will be requireds
to deposit go of his bid, and not less
than $1,000. in cash Cor check) be-
fore bidding. Right reserved to re-
iect any or all bids.
specifications of work on file at
engineers office.
Bids will be reserved at the CouW-
ty Surveyors office UP to the hour
above named.
Nv order of Commissioners.
Claude F. Skidmore, County Engineer
Marysville, Ohio, August 6, 1946.
S-12-2M
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
Thursday, August Is

A. E. Stevens and Son, 3 miles
south of Magnetic Springs, 5 cattle,
SO hogs, poultry, hay and grain,
tractor outfit, combine, imple-
ments, household goods. John
Pfarr, Jr., auctioneer.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
Dentists Liability

A dentist cannot be held liable
for damages because others dis.
agree with his judgment or be.
cause he made an error Of judg.
ment unless it can be established
that his error resulted from has fail
ure TO exercise reasonable care
and skill.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
Bathe Hands

Bathe HANDS
Get into the habit of giving your
hands a Saturday night bath in
warm oil. A once-a-week INNER
sion win keep the cuticle soft and
pliable and will build stronger nails.
It's not necessary to remove the
nail polish to give them this bath,
either.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

Consisting of excavating, clearing
and grubbing of Main Ditch Sta. O-OO
to Sta. 26-31.5 and lateral No. ! from
sta. 600 to Sta. TAO.
Main Ditch:
SS272 Gu. yds. @$.35 $133952
Lateral No.
excavation and spreading
lO74.5 Gu. yds. @$.35 . 3760S
Clearing and grubbing dump
sum by farms) .. 5000
Total Estimate S1775.60
Completion date: March 1st, 1947.
The successful bidders will be re-
CURED to enter into contract and to
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
Beginning at one o'clock:

Tabletop like new; Hawk kitchen
Globe Blast heater; Warm Morning
excellent condition; double studio folding
dresser and bed buffet
dining table, drop leaf extension table, nnersprng
living ingram round dining table; Sim
antique bed and springs; kitchen tables
buckets heequarter 4ose walnut bed day bed
clothes cupboard folding rock
rocker round back chairs number of other chairs
Hartford number of throw pill
hammock; congoleum lnoleum stove cupboard
roop kitchen cabne curtains and table nen two chests
clothe 200 fruit ladder
mower so it. garden hose sacks
hydrated fertilizer garbage rolls of tomato
roller clothes ne bunch of umber dishes and cook
ing utensils hoes shoves and other articles
T TVXTN N TAI nVXNN
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
= PUBLIC SALES
Coming in County
Tuesday, August 13

Hiram Brooks, 5 miles north of
Marysville, on Marion rd., closing
out farm sale. Simpson & Son,
auctioneerS.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
"Wednesday. Aug. Ia

Wednesday, Aug. IA
WILDER Rea, on Bailey farm, 2 mi.
north of SommerSville: A horses;
8 cattle; milking equipment; trac-
tor outfit; implements; household
goods. Simpson & Son, aucts.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
AUG. 20, 1916
At one o'clock pm:

5-HEAD OF CATTLE-5
One Guernsey cow, 5 years old, a
good one; four good heifers, 1 year
old, two HolSteinS, two red.
POULTRY g. EQUIPMENT
One lot of year old hens; 1OX12
brooder house, feeders and water
erS.
SOME HOUSEHOLD GOODS
A Warm Morning heater, used
one year; coal and wood cook
stove; table; oak dresser; Kimball
piano; floor model radio; four
chairs; rugs; linoleum; books; girls
clothing; shoes; rubbers.
FARM TOOLS
Grain drill; electric pump; 46 rod
new field fence, 48-in. high; poul-
try fence; hog fence; pitch forks;
double shovel plow; wheelbarrow;
grindstone; sled; feed barrels;
grass seed; water tank; lime
stone; ladders; hay rope; some
harness; two gallon glass churn;
cream can; milk bucket and strain
er; crooks; fruit jars; heavy log
chain, 18-ft. long; fence stretcher;
dinner bell; other articles too num-
erOus to mention.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

FOR SALE-15h acres, house,
out-biuldings. crop and fruit trees.
Inquire for Ernest Nibert, Az mi.
Sc. of South Charleston, on the
Pancake-Chapel rd. 8-12-2tS
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
PUBLIC SALE

have sold my farm and will sell
my chattles at the farm, miles
east of MarysviIIe, one mile east
of New Dover, on u. S. Route 36,
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
Tuesday, Aug, 20

Iutsudy, aug, 70
Garfield Jones, l mi. east of
New Dover on u. S. Rt. Sc: 5 cat
tie; poultry and equipment; house
hold goods; farm tools. Pfarr and
| Son auctS.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

FOR SALE-Rabbits. Call 2161 or
inquire 681 London ave. 8-12-2ts
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
"Wednesday, August IA

Wilbur Rea, on Bailey farm, l
mile north of Somersville, on Ken
Simpson & Son, auctioneers.
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

FOR SALE good steel dump
truck bed, also q horse power
electric motor, new. Mrs. Jesse
Ross, North Lewisburg, O. S-5-4t*
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
WANT AD s CTI0N

FOR SALE-DeLaval cream sep
arator, No. 10, in fair condition,
will sell cheap. End rd. north of
Magnetic Springs, going west, 1st
house on south. Verne Pinyard.
S-12-2ts
WANTED TO BUY-Feeding pigs,
60 lbs. up. VIM. Harsh, Delaware
Rt. /. 8-12-2tS
FOR SALE-Dav old Guernsey
male calf. 622 N. Main st. 8-12-2ts
FOR SALE-Man's black Jantzen
swim trunk, wool, size 80. Phone
4572. 8-12-2ts
FOR SALE-Six registered Cor
riedale ewes, ranging in age from
two to five years; also one ram
lamb. Will sell S fock or separate
F. K Ford, Ridgeway. 8-12-2ts
FOR SALE-One black Jersey
COW, just fresh with second calf;
l big Guernsey COW, 6 yrs. old,
fresh in June. These cows are Al
cows, other work is reason for
selling. Call after 5 pm. l mi
south of Claiborne. Joe Daugherty.
8-12-2ts
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
PUBLIC SALE

his farm because OF illness Oh ms
will sell at public located miles northesI Oh
rysvIe 81 miles northwest of Ostrander miles souh O
Springs just of Springdale Church. on
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12

FOR SALE Spotted Poland
China boar; also a pure bred year
ling Southdown ram. c. w. Polling.
Phone 6547. S-12-2ts
The Union County journal. [volume] (Marysville, Ohio) 1875-1951, 1946-08-12
LEWIS R. BALDWIN

Simpson & Son, Auctioneers
The Daily Alaska empire., 1946-04-26
sTEAMEp MovthENTs

Freighter Victoria, from the west scheduled to arrive tonight to dis charge freight carried westward during the strike.
 Tongass sailed from Seattle at 10 o'clock last night.
 Northern Voyager scheduled to sail from Seattle tomorrow
 Princess Louise scheduled to sail from Vancouver May l.
 Square Sennett scheduled to sail from Seattle May 4.
 Sword Knot scheduled to sail from Seattle May 4.
 Sailing of passenger ships Bar anof and North Sea unannounced.