davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-02-27
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

induced by the fear that to tell the
truth was to be branded a warmonger.
1t did not contribute to peace, but to
Generalization
Contributions to monStrous lies ema-
nate from supposedly respectable citi-
zens. During the war, for the sake of
good relations" with our Russian ally,
Joseph Davies, former American AM
bassador to Moscow, assumed RESPONSE
bility for the creation Of a film, Mis-
sion to Moscow" which was, first, a
justification Of oficial murder, Of peo-
Piles tribunals violating all civilized
law, and, second, q deliberate falsifica-
ton OF history. How could Stain be-
lieve that we really meant our definition
OF democracy, when q high American
omcial handed him an instrument.
which he was later to display in neigh
boring states, marked for subjection In
direct violation Of solemn pledges?
+ 4
Now, the Soviet Union has found the
same apologist for its espionage activi-
ties in Canada, activities which. it is
charged, involve the corrupting of Cana
dian officials, or the seduction of those
who have been persuaded that good re-
lations" are more important than their
oaths OF ofdce. BY miraculous abra-
cadabra, which, as put forth in Soviet
house organs, Is reprinted with straight
face IN our own papers, Canada, not the
Soviet government, becomes the offender.
The Soviet government has the right
to spy and undermine the loyalty Of her
allies ofdcials Though, of course, similar
activities on our part would result in
wholesale assassinations in Russia, and
Mr.. Davies issues. as it were, an open
invitation to foreign powers to do any,
thing they like when their delegates
arrive here to set up permanent head
quarters of UNO The American Com
munist party is thus encouraged to aid
them with the blessings Of Mr.. Davies.
1t escapes emphasis that the attacks
OF Vishinsky on Britain were merely to
divert attention from the rape of Iran.
The tactic-exactly like Hitler's-is,
when caught red-handed, to raise one
charge after another, no matter how
preposterous, on the theory that he who
attacks loudest will be believed.
Thus, by the lie and blackmail the
only aggressively expanding power on
earth emerges, in the minds OF millions,
as the aggressed-upon.
And the only thing our civilization
has to protect itself against methods
which We cannot and should not EMU
late, is the truth.
(Released By the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1946-02-27
Tinkerinq

EAoui tle aaIll0rQ Courant,
Man Is now living in an age In which
Tor the first time he is able to tamper
with the very fundamentals of the uni.
verse. His experiments with atomic en-
ergy, as has repeatedly been remarked.
raise at least the possibility of setting off
so-called chain reaction of increas-
ingly violent explosions sufficient to ex-
terminate all life on this planet.
Not content with this prospect. man
is reaching out beyond the globe he
lnhabits. prying into the secrets of In.
terstellar space. The successful trans.
mission OF radar signals to the moon and
back, discussed in these columns a
merely q herald of more enterprisinR
explorations to come.
Already British scientists spurred on
by our success in spanning the quarter
million miles to our satellite, are at
tempting to send radio pulses as far as
the sum- SO million miles distant.
They expect that if they are successful
In this effort, the result will be solar
emissions in the form of exceptionally
intense bursts Of radio waves from sun.
spots. In view of the wide range Of
troubles that sunspots are already credit
ed with stirring up, however, this would
seem to be rather uncertain phenom.
eron with which to experiment
Evening star., 1946-02-27
A Good Man Retires
Bv Raym ond MoIey

The announced retirement Of Herbert
Brownen, jr., from the Craftsmanship Of
the Republican National Committee
once more underlines one of the strang-
est features of this republic of ours
The organization of workers and laws
known as the Government of the Unit
ed States is without doubt the greatest
single center of force and authority in
the Nation. It touches our life on every
side. 1t can destroy and 1t can create.
And yet we permit the people who
rule us as President and Congress to be
selected by the most ramshackle setup
which can be conceived. The national
committees Of the two parties, until re-
Gently, were almost purely paper or
CARNATIONS. They meet only three or
four times in four years. They are
changed at the very moment when
their usefulness is at its height, which
is after the quadrennial convention. And
they usually carry on their work be-
tween elections with staff about as
large as that necessary to run
weekly newspaper in town Of 5000
people.
The chairman Of national commit
tee is selected by the candidate chosen
In that great lottery known as the ma
tional convention He comes to his job
green and inexperienced on the very eve
of the battle. He is not salaried. And
when the short life of the campaign is
over he either resigns or goes into
state of inaction for four years.
T. X
All this applies with special force to
the party out of power. When a party
wins the presidency it shamelessly uses
the taxpayers personnel and money to
carry on. But the party out Of power
is of great Importance to democratic
government 1t watches the people In
Office and 1t is our only alternative, II
we want to change the personnel Of gov
ernment.
Herbert Brownell, jr., knows all this,
and In the 20 months he has held
the Craftsmanship, he has tried to have
his party mend its ways and build up
Evening star., 1946-02-27
More About Child Centers

To the Editor Of The Star:
Many thanks to The Star for publish
ing DR.. Thomas A. Mattinglys convinc-
Ing letter. February IS, on continuation
OF child care centers here in the Dis
trict Of Columbia.
DR.. Mattingly displayed a keen un-
derstanding Of the issues involved in the
fight for the continuation Of these CEN
ters. They were founded primarily tor
the children Of working mothers during
the war. BY writing his letter, DR.. Mat
tingly came to the moral rescue of the
many honest 20 goodness working
mothers whose children could be any
Americans children In the same given
circumstances.
In not too remote sense there Is a
link between the guidance which these
day care centefs offer and q healthy
democracy Of which these children are
not just vital part, but the very roots.
Here in these centers the children are
taught to fit into normal democratic So
ciety. Many good social habits are
taught for the children's future benefit,
e.g, table manners and etiquette, clean
hness, responsibility for clothing, etc.
In the drive to continue the centers,
stumbling block was hit when the
District Commissioners, the appointed
representatives of the people of the Dis
trict Of Columbia, refused to yield to
please for the necessary $4,000 on
grounds involving principle" In any
event. 1t surely looks like the children
are the goats" of the situation. The
fact that the working and child sup
porting mothers have agreed to pay
their pro-rated share Of the cost did
not seem to bother Mr. Mason. The
mothers simply were given the cold al
tentative of quitting their jobs, remain
ing home and shamefully accepting a
"handout" from a welfare agency.
Needless to say, with it out the window
automatically goes that good old Ameri-
can pride and self respect.
WORLD WAR II VETERAN.
Evening star., 1946-02-27

and have been propagandizing the
people against the different democratic
parties which are developing freely In
Southern Korea, where the American
military authorities try not to interfere
with the political views of the in
habitants.
The various political groups in the
American zone enjoy complete free
dom, which means that they are fight
ing each other In democratic way.
The Communists are adopting the
usual methods which are characteristic
OF monolithic party - spectacular
demonstrations, appealing slogans and
infiltration of their agents within the
other political groups with q view to
dtsrupttng any possible common front.
The American troops under the COM
mand OF Maj. Gen. John Hodge are
merely police force which is at
tempting to keep law and order and
assist the native population in starting
an economic activity which would pro-
vide 1t with the necessities of life.
y
So long as the several political groups
confined their work to discussions and
occasional orderly protests against the
placing Of the country under United
Nations trusteeship, the situation In
Korea was tolerable.
Now, however the situation is likely
to become more complicated, inasmuch
as the Communists have begun their
activities, which, to be successful must
be accompanied by violence.
The Koreans want their country uni
ned without any separating boundaries.
So long as there are two zones occupied
by foreign forces which communicate
with each other only through confer
ences Of their top-ranking officers, a
normal economic life cannot exist. The
southern area desperately needs raw
materials, which are to be found only
in the north, and the fictitious boundary
line prevents any exchanges
Agents Of the Peoples Committee are
spreading the word that as soon as the
south Is willing to join with the pup
pets in the north all difficulties will dis
appear Moreover. If the people OF Korea
show common front to the Allies the
Peoples Committee, through It's close
relationship with the U. S. s. R., will be
able to reduce substantially or possibly
eliminate altogether the period Of trus-
teeship which was agreed on by the
Big Three.
All the Koreans have to do, accord
ing to the agents from the north, is to
reject all other political parties and
join with the organization which Is
capable of doing away with boundaries
because Of its intimate contacts with
Moscow.
Evening star., 1946-02-27
Impractical Now

Since numerous Soviet officials
have declared in recent weeks that
Russia intends to be watchful of its
arms and keep abreast Of the future
progress of military science, there is
nothing particularly new in Gen.
eralissimo Stalin's order of the day
marking the 28th anniversary of the
Red Army. Indeed. it is largely a
repetition of the thesis he set forth
in his "election-eve" address a fort
night ago-namely, that the u. s.
s. R. must make its borders "im-
pregnable against enemies" while
laboring at the same time to ad-
vance its national economy to higher
levels raising "the material we'll
being of the people" and further
strengthening its martial and pro-
ductive might.
However, although it is thus little
more than a re-emphasis of ia
miliar Russian position, the Stain
order of the day has special interest
in that it lends strength to President
Truman's recent observation on the
impracticality at this time of trying
to abolish peacetime CONSUMPTION
throughout the world. The Presi-
dents comment was made in an
swer to a press conference question
on reports that the House Military
Affairs Committee might propose
before acting on his request for
universal training legislation-that
he use his influence to get all ma
tions to agree to the anti-conscrip-
ton plan. theoretically, such a
plan may seem to be altogether
plausible, but certainly, as the
highest Soviet authorities have
made clear, it would have no chance
OF winning Russia as a subscriber
now, and to that extent the Presi-
dent really has understated the case
In calling it impractical.
Perhaps some years from now,
swhen, as and if the United Nations
organizati0 succeeds in establish
Evening star., 1946-02-27

In Mein Kampf Hitler made some
remarks on the lie, as an instrument of
policy: The people readily detect small
lies, since they are accustomed to tell
ing them themselves. But the colossal
lie will be believed. because the people
cannot imagine the daring 1t takes to
tell it.
On the art of blackmail: One must
demand so much that ones opponent
believes total opposition is hopeless, and
afterward demand more, realizing that
he who has already compromised his
country's interests will compromise
them further; having once given much
there will be no point at which it seems
worth while to resist.
If a war aim was to eliminate Hitler
ism. 1t should have eliminated the lie
and blackmail as international instru-
mentS. If victory means protection from
the t0talitarian practices which prefaced
the war for survival" our most primi-
tive instincts of self preservation should
have warned us against tolerating the
very things that led to this war.
At the least. we should have become
able to recognize and call by name
the familiar Hitlerian tactic.
But we are trembling with apprehen-
sion lest the truth upset the apple
cart" Among friends and colleagues
the other evening, some Of them dis
tinguished journalists, the question arose
regarding the duty of the journalist.
Shall we tell the truth, even il it dis
turbs our relations with another great
power? Isn't "co-operation" more i'm
portant than airing the facts?
Previous discussion had produced
little divergence of opinion regarding
what the facts are. But the answer
to the question revealed a considerable
difference of opinion. Honorable men
believed. however hesitantly, that it
was their duty to maintain monstrous
fictions in the interest of good re-
lations" We were to allow lies to pro-
liferate themselves in the hope that
by so doing we would further the cause
of peace and justice.
Now, the mere thought that 1t might
be we'll to retreat from what has
hitherto been q Hippocratic journals
tic oath was sign of the effective
ness of political blackmail Hitler
worked that game on the European
countries for years. He held their gov
ernments responsible for the press and
interpreted the revelations of journal
lists as "unfriendly acts" The result
was indirect governmental pressure on
the free press, and self-censorship
Evening star., 1946-02-27
This Changing World
By Constantine BrosCn

The political situation in Korea Is
rapidly approaching climax. That
country, which has been told it eventu-
ally would become free after first going
through the purgatory of an interna-
tional trusteeship, is now divided into
American and Russian zones Of occupa-
tion. The northern section is super
vised by the Red armies while the
southern is under control Of an Ameri-
can army.
In accordance with the Moscow ar
rangements, the commanders, OF both
armies are meeting to devise a.friendly
system of communication between the
two areas so that essential supplies can
be interchanged more fully.
Some progress is said to have been
made, although entirely free communi-
cations are not likely to be opened up
Tor some time.
In the meantime, Korea's political
situation is not improving
An organization established in the
Russian zone, the Provisional Peoples
Committee, is now attempting to organ
ize the whole country under its wing.
This committee. described as q Soviet
puppet, Is composed of Koreans who
escaped from their homeland during
the last 10 years and were incorporated
in the Red Army. They have under
gone stiff military training under the
Russians.
Immediately after the Yalta Confer
ence-where it was decided in princi-
pie chat Russia would declare war on
japan within 80 days after the collapse
Of the Reich-the Korean contingents
in the Red Army shed their military
uniforms and were organized into units
to enter Korea as workers. administra-
tors and other similar capacities. The
contingents were about 100000 strong.
X y
After the collapse Of Japan, the
Russians. in accordance with the agree
ments reached a few weeks earlier at
Potsdam, occupied Northern Korea.
The former members of the Korean
military units entered their native land
on the heels of the Red troops Their
leaders were placed in administrative
jobs under the strict surveillance of
the high officials sent from Moscow.
The rank and file was used in various
duties, particularly in factories, ware
houses, etc. These men, however, had
major mission which they accom-
plished successfully-the organization
OF Communist Korean party, now
known as the Provisional Peoples Com
mittee
They gradually infiltrated into the
American zone of occupation where they
are spreading the Communist gospel,
Evening star., 1946-02-27
Memorial to q Soldier
She n,iqht hape raiaed a u,.,... ....

She might hare raised a useless ,,onu.
ment
Out OF her grief. Instead, she choss
to place
Here IN this public park marble bench
Curling a sheltered spot in classic
grace
Bearing in simple script his name and
hers.
So 1t ,oould seen, that each ,oho stops
to rest
Becomes the friend of t,Do-insepara.
ble-
Who share sky, grass, trees, ho,pers
with each guest.
What different objects the same marble
yields
A marker for graue-or deathless
thing
Like this memorial to soldier that
GldddeHs 90 many hearts from sprine
to springi
VIOLET ALLEYN STOREY. 4
Evening star., 1946-02-27

permanent organization. When he took
the job the national committee had
only 10 paid employees. It had no real
means OF research, no machinery to
maintain contacts with local party
workers and no unity with Republican
members Of Congress. When this is
considered, 1t Is easy to see how Mr..
Roosevelt could win election after elec-
ton. He had no real organized opposi-
ton.
Mr.. Brownell, after the defeat of his
candidate, made real progress in build
ing up full-time organization. He
established II departments, each headed
by a salaried and well-qualified person.
He achieved good working relations with
State organizations and with Republic
cans in Congress. And he collected, for
the work of the party in 1945, the sum
OF $3.50 1000. which he says is the largest
amount ever collected by the party in
an on year. # this seems like a large
sum, permit it to be added that a
larger amount was spent by the Polish
government-in-exile on propaganda in
year. Many times that amount is spent
by some OF the larger foreign govern
ments for propaganda in the United
States.
4
Mr.. Brownel Is leaving for the simple
reason that he cannot afford to con-
tribute his services for . longer time
He has family to support and q law
practice to maintain.
What Is needed, Of course, is full
time, well-paid chairman who will not
be changed every four years. And the
assurance that Mr.. Brownell's organiza-
ton will continue to be built up. But
chat is not ut all certain. Many Re-
publicans are merely waiting until the
Democrats defeat themselves. one cyni-
cal Republican Senator said recently
that one Democratic scandal Is better
than dozen Republican programs.
This may have sofhe truth In actual
practice. but 1t is poor way to serve
nation.
Rslsassd the Associated Newspaper. me-,
Evening star., 1946-02-27
The Krug Nomination

In selecting ]. A. Krug, former
head of the War Production Board,
to succeed Harold Ickes as Secretary
of Interior. the President has made
a surprise appointment. It is also,
from the country's standpoint, an
unusually good one.
Except for the indirect political
benefits which always accrue from
the appointment of honest and able
men to public office. there is no
political advantage to the President
In his choice OF Mr.. Krug. The
latter has not been active in party
politics. He does not come from the
West. in the sense In which that
term is used by those who believe
that the Secretary of Interior
should be a Westerner. Nor is
there any reason to suppose that, as
member OF the cabinet, Mr.. Krug
will even attempt to equal the rec
ord of his predecessor as rough
and tumble political campaigner.
Neither will the Krug nomination
be particularly pleasing to the pro-
fessional liberals. While in WPB,
he was accused by them of being
too amenable to the wishes of busi-
ness, and he was also belabored by
liberal" critics for advocating an
early lifting Of WPB controls after
the war. The attitude of the labor
leaders remains to be determined
but the chances are that they, too,
will be critical, for Mr.. Krug once
remarked that strikes were retard-
ing the reconversion program-an
observation which, while true
enough, was keenly resented at the
time.
As a matter Of fact, about all that
can be said in favor of this nomi-
nation is that Mr.. Krug is an ex-
ceptionally able public servant,
whose wartime achievements as
head Of WPB were once described
by the President as little short of
miraculous" In his new post,
which he accepts at considerable
sacrifice OF his own financial in
terests. he will not be encumbered
by any considerations of personal
or political allegiance, and he can
be confidently expected to devote
himself single -mindedly to the i'm,
provement and conservation of this
country's national resources. All of
which. however is a good deal
to be able to say of any appointee
to what is, after all, political post.
Evening star., 1946-02-27
Stute and individual

Bernard M. Baruch declared in his
address on the United Jewish APP
peal one Of the greatest issues OF
these times is that Of statism versus
1ndividualism. It is an issue that
has troubled man. of and on. for
centuries past. but in its modern
form 1t has been developing into an
acute stage ever since the industrial
revolution.
Britain, France and the United
States - particularly the United
States-have been the outstanding
exponents of individualism, but they
are not so today to the same degree
that they were $50 years ago. On
the contrary, step by step with tech
biological advances. with the enor-
nous growth of world population
and with other economic and human
factors that have greatly compli-
Gated the life of our international
society. there has been a steady
trend toward bigger and more pater-
nalistic government in all three
countries, so that now the British
and French live under Socialist re-
gimes, while the American people
certainly are far more regulated
from above than they were as re-
Gently as 1888.
AS a political scientist of no mean
stature, Mr.. Baruch undoubtedly is
familiar with the phenomenon that
this trend, instead of being resisted
by the popular will. has been accel-
Grated by it. Big government, in
other words. has been growing
everywhere because men and wo-
men, for one reason or another,
have been voting for things requiring
it. and the important question is
how much bigger it can become
without turning into the kind of
statism Mr.. Baruch so rightly fears
-statism like Russia's, for instance,
the totalitarian, one-party form un-
der which private enterprise dies
and no room is left for such free
doms as those guaranteed to Ameri-
cans by the Bill of Rights.
This kind Of statism does not now
exist in Britain or France, of course,
and the United States still is the
worlds foremost land Of individual
liberty. Yet, in view of modern
technology and the general COM
plexity of an age made more COM
plex than ever by awful things like
the atomic bomb, more government,
rather than less, seems definitely in
prospect. The problem is every bit
as real and important as Mr.. Baruch
says, challenging the wisdom of free
men everywhere to insure that in
voting for more and more restraints
upon themselves they do not sell
their birthright for a mess of pot
tage. a. a-.y.a,,~ ,u .,, ..a
Mr.. Baruch does not list the coun-
terrestraints that should be imposed
upon government to guard against
the danger Of having its soft and
beguiling" paternalism become tyr
amy. But for Americans, at least.
he offers sound advice when he de-
clares that mo matter how organ
lied society may become. in the last
analysis each one must rely upon
himself for the justification of life."
that our system "is the best thus far
devised" proving itself so in peace
and war, and that we should try to
better 1t instead of abandoning 1t
and striking out in new directions.