davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-01-03
Consulting Macarthur

The statement which Secretary
Byrnes has made in explanation of
General MacArthur's connection
with the new control plan for Japan
settles one disputed question. Gen
eral Macarthur was not kept in
formed of the recent Big Three dis
cussions in Moscow, from which the
new plan emerged. Mr.. Byrnes
makes it clear that an earlier state
ment to the contrary, by a State
Department aide was in error, and
he adds that he had never expected
to advise General Macarthur of
these negotiations. The inference is
that since these discussions dealt
with matters of policy, and since
policy determination is response
bility of the President, there was
neither reason nor desire to seek the
counsel of the supreme commander
in Tokyo.
What remains unclear is the ex-
tent to which General Macarthur
was consulted in advance of the
Moscow meeting, and the extent of
the consideration which may have
been given to his views. Mr.
Byrnes, praising the work done by
General Macarthur, says that he
would not have acted in drafting
new control plans for Japan with
out consulting the supreme COM
mander, and that this was done in
October. Furthermore, he says, his
impression was that, at least, Gen.
eral Macarthur regarded the Oc-
tober draft of this Governments
plan as being workable. In state
ment from Tokyo, however, the su-
preme commander said that. upon
seeing the plan. he notified the
State Department on October 81,
through the War Department, that
the proposal for the administration
OF Japan through a four nation
council sitting in Tokyo was "in my
opinion not acceptable" Mr.. Byrnes
has been reported as saying that he
never saw statement of objection
from the supreme commander.
There is room. in the language
used by the parties, for. reconcilia-
tion of these seemingly conflicting
statements. But it can hardly be
contended that they shed much light
on the question of the extent to
which General MacArthur's views
were sought, or the extent to which
Mr.. Byrnes was guided by his under
standing of the Generals views in
the discussions at Moscow.
The fair impression seems to be
that General Macarthur was ig-
nored, once it had been ascertained
that he did not favor the control
plan. Again, this was within the
policy-making province of the ad-
ministration if it considered that to
be the desirable course. And if the
plan should fail, the administration
presumably is prepared to accept
full responsibility. Certainly, it will
not be shared with General Mac
Arthur, for he says: Il have no iota
OF responsibility for the decisions
which were made" at Moscow.
Evening star., 1946-01-03
Child With q Christmas
Book
Writer Sees Factor Embarrassing
to international Understanding

SAFE tn the nursery Ufpdo,D hioh nbope
the street,
Your small head bent abope the pic
tured page,
You rest for short hour curled
On FoWered cushions in the ,oindop-
seat.
Curtains outline the teathery fine cold
OF hair, a scarlet sleeve.
Far doton the city passes you unheard
And daylight fades. ~
What story holds you now, In ,phat
Jar land?
You are too distant from me yet I kno,p
How, s,oitt your breathing Is, HON
,odrm your hand,
And hoio your lushes lift from poos
to page,
Watching the tale unfold.
The last OF daylight centers on pour
head.
Some one aDiH call you soon to leupe
your book
Or supper time, or bed-und you must
90
Leaving the pindow dark, a trams
dlone
Without its picture, and the house
Only q heauy pile of glass and stone.
EDNA L. s. BARKER.
Evening star., 1946-01-03

future and other outstanding events.
Whether television ever will become
a regular means of publicizing the
deliberations of Congress is mattee--
for speculation, hows7er. Television
is awesaliy prying. There is no way
of correcting the record" for the
constituents when an occasional
member strikes a too-belligerent
pose or some Senator dozes off while
listening to long -winded colleague.
Evening star., 1946-01-03

Favors Universal Cancellation
To the Editor of The Star:
After wading YEARLY through all the
grouches and complaints and fuses of
everybody everywhere, I found a little.
inconspicuous article on page B-4 of
The Star for December 2s concerning
the work OF the Cancellation branch of
the Municipal Court. How refreshing,
How wonderful if we could have a great
front-page headliner that everybody
had gotten together and settled their
differences!
We have been through a horror that
should have taught us a lesson: the
world is saturated with the blood of our
youth, and yet it seems as though the
whole earth is going about with a chin
on its shoulder. Everybody still is
blaming everybody else and everybody,
likewise, is grabbing for all they can get
More power to the conciliation branch
OF the Municipal Court-may their
numbers increase. J.s.
Evening star., 1946-01-03
Thanks From PTA

thanks From PTA
To the Editor of The Star:
The members Of the Parent-Teachers'
Association Of the Kimball School would
like to express their appreciation for
your support and cooperation during
the recent protest, arising from the
overcrowded conditions of our school
facilities.
construction of a new addition within
the next several months has been an
nounced and we are indebted to you
IN no small measure for the success of
our efforts in obtaining the assurance
OF this desperately needed classroom
space
Your active interest in a civic i'm
provement of this nature is deserving
OF the highest commendation We and
our children are grateful for your in
terest and hope it will extend to other
civic improvements and will meet with
equal success.
MRS. ANNE GOODMAN.
President, Kimball School PTA
More About Union Station
To the Editor of The Star:
1t Is too bad that a veteran has to
be knocked down, trampled on and
his leg broken before the disgraceful
condition which exists at Union Sta
ton comes to the public eye.
Many times have I seen veterans and
cripples trying to keep up with the
crowds boarding the trains.
My aunt, who wears braces on both
legs and can just make it with crutches,
came to visit me from Baltimore. At
Camden Station in Baltimore she was
put on the train before the other pas
sengers were allowed on and the con-
ductor wired ahead for a wheel chair
to meet the train here.
She returned on the Pennsylvania
Railroad that evening. I took her down
to the station and inquired at the gate
If they would allow her to get on the
train before the crowd. Let her take
her chance with the Others" was the
reply I got.
It's high time our Union Station off,
cials took steps to see that the disabled
make their trains in safety. SH.v.
Editors Note: Union Station Of
f1cers are taking steps to aid disabled
veterans. In collaboration with
Army and Navy representatives, they
are trying to work out system for
seeing that crippled soldiers and
sailors get aboard trains safely-and
obtain seats when they are aboard.)
Evening star., 1946-09-08
By Jack Murphy

Englishman, Thomas Saint, who, as
far back o. 1870, was granted
patent on q machine for sewing
leather, but so far as is known,
Saints idea was never put to prac-
tical use.
Second figure to appear is the
sewing machine world was Barthe-
lemy Thimmonier, poor French
tailor, who became so absorbed with
the idea of machine to sew the
seams Of garments that he was re-
garded as crazy. In 1880, after five
years of tinkering, he produced
sewing machine which made the
chain stitch by means of a hooked
needle like a crochet needle, and
was granted a patent In another
year he had 80 of his machines at
work on uniforms for the French
Army Then one day a mob of
infuriated tailors, who looked on his
machine as dangerous competition,
smashed every machine they could
find and Thimmonier was forced to
flee for his life.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Among the
Authors
BY Corolyn Coqqins

Samuel Putnam has done an Eng
lish translation of book regarded
as one of the major works of 10th
century scholarship, a classic in
the field of social anthropology
1t was first published in Brazil 13
years ago as Casa -Grande and
Senzala," written by Gilberto Freyre.
When it appears here shortly in
English it will be called The Mas
ters and the Slaves" It's a story
of racial admixture and the cultural
possibilities of the interbreeding of
Portuguese, Indians and the Negro
as Illustrated in Brazilian life.
The story of the United Fruit
Co. will be told in a book COM
ing early next year, to be called
Empire in Green and Gold. "
Charles Morrow Wilson, who has
written it, also authored "Ambassa-
dors in White" a story about Amer
lean tropical medicine published
four years ago. 1t was considered
an important vehicle in improving
inter-American relations and the
book has been widely read in South
America,
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Brief Reviews
MYSTERIES.

Dead to Rights, by Dennis Allan
(MillD Complicated doings center
around an old house on Gramercy
Square. Average.
Fear No More, by Leslie Edgley
(Simon & SchusterJ Beautiful
young secretary gets framed for
murder. Lively.
The Case of Caroline Animus, by
Dana Chambers. Dial) One OF
those things where a brilliant de-
tective (Jim Steele solves a 20
year-old crime.
The Murder of the U. S. A., by
Will F. Jenkins. (Crown) Probably
a forerunner of whole series on
the coming atomic war-the popu-
lation of the United States is largely
killed off within 40 minutes by an
unknown aggressor.
Oh, Murderer Mine. by Norbert
Davis. (Handi- Book Murder on
the campus of a California univer-
sity.
SPORTS.
target Arcnefy, py Robert 2
Elmer. (Knopf) A history and a
very comprehensive text on the
subject. Illustrated.
POLITICS.
After Hitler Stain? by Robert
Ingrim. CBruceD A survey of con-
ditions designed to demonstrate
that Stain proposes to carry on
the Nazi threat though under an
other name.
Truman Speaks, edited by Cyril
Clemens. Mark Twain Society. }
The principal speeches and ad-
dresses of the President.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

the sea, and Ben in battle. Tom
comes back from sea-to Patience.
These lovers are not deeply ana
lized, and one keeps wondering how
Hawthorne would have diSsected
these independent people in the
liberal Salem of Unitarian DR..
Bentley rather than the Puritan
town Of Arthur Dimmesdale.
Like Hawthorne and Hergesheimer
before him, Mr.. Jennings proves
that Salem is a permanent part
of American literature. 1t was
place where people dared to think
and act for themselves. Only such
places produce people worth writing
about, and this story does them
justice.
Mr.. Jennings has done a lot of
solid historical research. His famous
naval officers really live; his sea
fights are real-the splinters sing
like hornets, and the resulting sur
gerry is bowling and CORY.
His work ought to satisfy and
hold the growing host of readers
who turn to the historical novel
as the surest way of understanding
old America
Evening star., 1946-09-08
"A Century Of the Sewing Machine
| ROUBLES OF the United
States Patent Office in the
shifting of units from Rich

-ROUBLEs of the United
States Patent Office in the
shifting of units from Rich
mond to Washington brings
to memory the agency's first major
headache a century ago.
On September 10, 1916. a patent
was issued to Elias Howe. jr., on
the first machine having eye
pointed needle and shuttle-making
lockstitch." Thereafter was set in
motion some 10 years Of patent
litigation and the beginning of mil
lionaires in America.
Ask any school child who invented
the sewing machine and he will
prattle, ELIAS Howe" Yet perusal
Of the biographies of the first of
these sewing machine men leaves
the question as to who was it's in
ventor as open as is the question of
who invented the automobile.
The idea of a machine that would
use needle and thread for the
purpose Of sewing two or more
pieces of cloth together in the mat
ter of human hand appears to
have been first thought out by an
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Retrocession of Alexandria Countv

ton was unproductive. The situa-
ton was desperate one. AS Con-
gress had already contributed to the
enterprise and there was no prospect
of help coming from that source,
the town turned to the Legislature
of Virginia. There it met warm
welcome, and in a few days after
the receipt of the resolutions of the
Common Council of Alexandria ask
ing the consent of the Legislatures to
the return of Alexandria County to
the State, bill to that effect be-
came law. Then Congress passed
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Howe's Sewing Machine
AT the Smithsonian

Howe's machine, which is often
described as device which uses a
lockstitch and an eye-pointed nee
die, the second which he built, was
granted United States patent No.
ALSO in September, 1916. 1t, too, is
in the Smithsonian.
Isaac Merritt Singer of Boston was
the first to build a successfully op-
Grating and practical machine
When, in 1851. the news came that
Singer had invented a machine that
would continuously sew, Howe ap-
peared at the Singer door with the
demand that the latter pay $25 200
for infringement of the Howe pat
ent. Singer. who had started his
business with $40, declined, and a
long chain of litigation began.
In the judication, Singer justified
his right to make the machines on
the claims of Walter Hunt. who also
had used an eye-pointed needle and
shuttle to force a lockstitch. But
Hunt had failed to apply for pat
eat, the courts decided his machine
was never completed in the sense
of the patent law and did not antici-
pate the patent granted to Howe.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Washinston's Ties
With Old Alexandria

Washington's activities in this old
Virginia city were many-sided. 1t
was from here, in 1854. that he set
out to cross the wilderness to de-
liver Gov. Dinwiddie's message to
the French commander at Fort Du-
quesne, and it was here, in the
Market House Square, that he
marched at the head of l50e soldiers
on dress parade, when he was but
%. Soon afterward these same men
turned their faces toward the Ohio
River, and after meeting the French
in battle, capitulated at Fort Neces-
sity, on the date of the month that
was later to be celebrated as Amer
ica's independence Day.
However, Washington was not to
be outdone when he had authority
for extending the District lines into
Virginia, and that he moved quickly
is evident from the fact that in
about two weeks from the time the
agreement had been reached with
landowners, the ceremonies con-
nected with the placing of the initial
stone occurred. The Commissioners
apparently were in so big hurry
In officially laying down the four
cornerstones of the District that
. temporary stone was used at Jones
Evening star., 1946-09-08

Development of Americas first
practical machine, that of Walter
Hunt in 1884, was laid aside for
time for fear of taking the bread
out of seamstresseS' mouths. Hunt,
a New York Quaker, noted for his
invention of the safety pin ESQ in
dispensable in the nursery, put to-
gether a devise which contained
nearly all the essential parts of the
best modern machines The inven-
ton appears to have then dropped
out of sight until IS years later
when, after the successful introduc-
ton of the sewing machine and the
ensuing litigation for patent profits,
esential parts of the Hunt machines
was found among the rubbish in a
Gold street, New York, garret.
To Elias Howe ir., who is char
acterized by Frederick L. Lewton,
curator, Division of Textiles, United
States National Museum, in his "A
Brief History of the Sewing Ma
chine" as man mot very prof.
cient in his trade of machinist and
not inclined to put forth much ex-
ertion" came honors and millions.
Essential facts in the Howe his
tory are fairly we'll known. Poor,
as were most inventors, his life fol-
lowed the New England pattern of
from farm to mill In July, 1845, he
completed model machine on
which he sewed all the seams on
two suits of wool clothes. This pio-
neer of the millions of sewing ma
chimes made since that date, after
crossing the ocean many times and
having been used as an irrefutable
witness in many courts, can now be
seen in the Smithsonian Institu-
tiOn here
Evening star., 1946-09-08
By John CIoeett Proctor

Point, and it was not until June,
three years later. that the perma-
nent stone was put in position.
The exercises connected with lay
ing the cornerstone we're conducted
under the auspices of the Lodge No.
%, A. F. g. A. M. of Alexandria,
chartered under the grand juris-
diction of Virginia, April %, 1888,
and of which Gen. Washington be-
came the first worshipful master.
This lodge is now known as Alex
andria- Washington Lodge, No. %,
and thousands of tourists annually
visit its lodgeroom to see the
Masonic relics connected with the
life of the first President.
There is not an abundance of
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Stone Is Placed
With Much Oratory

when Mr.. Elliott had ascertained
the precise point from which the
first line of the District was to pro-
ceed, the master of the lodge and
DR.. Steuart. assisted by others of
their brethren. placed the stone.
After which a deposit of corn, wine
and oil was placed upon it and the
following observations were made by
the Rev. James Muir:
"'Of America it may be said, as of
Judea of old, that it is a good land
and large-a land of brooks, of
waters, of fountains and depths that
spring out of the valleys and hills
a land of wheat, and barley, and
vines, and fig trees, and pomegran-
ates-a land of oil, olives, and honey
"a land wherein we eat bread with
out scarceness,~ and have lack of
nothing-a land whose stones are
iron, and out of whose hills thou
mayst dig brass-a land which the
Lord thy God careth for; the eyes
of the Lord thy God are always
upon it; froms the beginning Of the
year even unto the end of the year.
MAY Americans be grateful and
virtuous and they shall insure the
indulgence of Providence; may they
be unanimous and just, and they
shall rise to greatness; may true
patriotism actuate every heart; may
1t be the devout and universal wish:
peace, be within thy walls. o Amer
ica, and prosperity within thy pal
aces. Amiable 1t is for brethren to
dwell together in unity; it is more
fragrant than the perfumes on
Aaron's garment; it is more refresh
ing than the dews on Hermon's hill ;"
AS to the retrocession Of Alexan-
Evening star., 1946-09-08
An Eye for on Eye,
A Tooth for a Tooth
In Ireland
WE ARE BESIEGED

WE ARE BESIEGED
By Barbara Fitzgerald. &c. P.
Putndm's Sons, S2.75.)
Reviewed by
JAMES X. BOYLAND
President, American Keltic Institute,
and Member of the staff OF the
Library OF Congress
Barbara Fitzgerald's recent novel,
1--WE Are Besieged," is the story of
an Anglo-Irish family, who lived in
Ireland during the troubled period
following the 1916 rebellion. The
story is written in very graphic
and interesting manner, giving an
accurate account of the historical
events introduced in the course of
the narrative.
The earliest recollection of the
heroine, Caroline Adair, is the burn
ing down of her uncle's home by the
Sim Feiners. This occurred at the
time when the Black and Tan were
having an eye for an eye and a
tooth for a tooth. The terrible con-
f1ict raging throughout the country
was mirrored in the individual fam
lily household, where mother was
against daughter and brother against
sister.
We witness the tragic hate and
suspicion that wrecked the manned
life of Caroline'S own father and
mother. Her elder sister was driven
frantically to seek relief in love-
less marriage, which in turn resulted
in the death of her real lover. Caro-
line herself triumphs in the end, but
only after long and bitter struggle.
We cannot but admire the frank
ness with which the author takes
for granted, and admits the real
cause of so much strife, bitterness
and heartache, namely, religious
bigotry. She tries very hard to be
impartial, and does not spare either
side. She traces step. by step the
relentless struggle of Carolines
mother against everything and
everybody that savored of Sim
Fein or Roman Catholicism Other
characters throughout the story
just as candidly portray the same
stupid intolerance and hate toward
everything Protestant.
"We Are Besieged" will have ac-
complished a noble task, if preju-
diced readers on both sides will take
to heart the message clearly and
fearlessly given by the author. They
will see how inane and stupid they
really become when they allow re-
ligious fanaticism to dominate their
lives.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

ment which resulted In the restora-
ton OF the town and county Of Alext
andria to the State Of Virginia. For
in order to secure the coal trade
from Cumberland, when the great
western canal was finished, the town
Of Alexandria had burdened itself
with debt to build the Alexandria
Canal and the aqueduct. After IL
years of labor that costly and, for
that day, dificult engineering work
had been completed. Then, owing to
lack Of money, the work on the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal stopped
while still short Of the proposed
terminus at Cumberland, and the
money put into the Alexandria Sec
Evening star., 1946-09-08

W as displacing
S a il a n d t h e
wine of life was
settling on the
lees, but some
thing much lus-
tier.
S a ! e m builds
the frigate Es-
sex. Tom Tis-
dali ships on her
as a S u r G e on.
His rival in love,
B e n Pric e;
rather diabolil
character HaW-
t n orn e might
b ave conceived
Evening star., 1946-09-08

. bill restoring Alexandria County
to the State Of Virginia, and the
citizens by special vote gave their
consent and the thing was done.r
10 carry out the provisions OF this
act, passed by Congress July 9, 1846.
President Polk appointed. as COM
missioners for this purpose Robert
Bracket, George Washington Parke
Gusts, G. w. D. Ramsay, George
w. Smoot and James Roach, who
caused polls to be opened in Alex
andria County September l and 2,
1846, from 10 am. to 6 pm, when
all free white male citizens of the
(Eee AIExANDRJA PAGE C.5)
Evening star., 1946-09-08

worked on her as a master
carpenter, and nailed his heart to
her keel. He marries Patience
NOVEL;. loved by Tisdall, who mar
ries Selma Hackett, the high-strung
heiress OF a rich merchant, and
finds that she already has had an
affair with Ben.
On the Essex the two men live
high adventure, while the odd quad
Evening star., 1946-09-08

dria County to Virginia, at the time
there seems to have been much merit
in the request, but looking at it to-
day, the Congress certainly acted
very unwisely in parting with so
valuable a territory. The first at
tempt OF Alexandria County to sepa-
rate from the District was made as
early as March, 1924, when the prof.
ect was put to a vote and defeated
by its residents 404 to 286.
Again in 1846, more successful
effort was made of what Wilhelmus
Bogart Bryan says:
The same condition of financial
and trade troubles in the case of
Alexandria, six years after the bank
episode, inspired largely the move
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Sewing Machine Trust
Was First One Formed

Potter, through his ability as an
attorney, secured one-third of the
company without investment at the
start and became its president. He
was the promoter of the first trust
of any prominence formed anywhere.
1t became known as the "combina-
ton"
The celebrated suit between Howe
and T. M. Singer & Co. was decided
by Judge Sprague of Massachusetts,
in 1854. eight years after the issu-
ance of the patent to Howe. Verdict
soon followed against the Wheeler S
Wilson Co., Graver & Baker Co. and
other infringers of Howes patent.
Howe, thus in absolute control of
the sewing machine business, de-
manded and received $25 royalty for
every machine sold. But the battle
in the courts was far from over. AS
each manufacturer improved his
machine, he was charged with in
fringement by others and costly liti-
cation cut heavily into profits.
Finally Attorney Potter persuaded
the various interests to pool all the
patents covering the essential fea-
lures, which would enable them to
control the industry, instead of con-
tinuauy fighting and trying to de-
your one another, and the long bat
tie in which Patent Office employees
played no small part. came to an
end.
Some idea of the scope of the
combination" may be seen In the
estimate that Howe received not less
than 100000 in the form of roy
alties before his patent licenses ex-
pired. Singers estate, on his death,
was estimated at $4,000. 900.