davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

reserves IN submerged cOaSCdl
lands.
Co-operatives won their first, and
most important battle last week to
get control of vast oil resources which
lie beneah the gulf of Mexico, when
President Truman vetoed a bill to
give states clear titles to tideland
areas.
The measure was designed to re-
nounce any government claim to lands
beneath the tidewaters," including
valuable oil reserves in submerged
coastal lands
In veto message, Mr.. Truman re-
| ferred to the long controversy over
ownership of the land and said 1t
SHOULD be resolved appropriately and
promptly"
THE ownership of the vast quantity
of oil in such areas presents vital
problem for the nation from the stand
point of national defense and conser-
vation" he wrote
"If the United States owns the areas
they should not be given away. If the
supreme court decides that the United
States has no title to or interest in the
lands, quit-claim from the congress
is unnecessary" the message con-
tinued
| Interest In Seas Oil Deposits Recent
Until comparatively few years ago,
the explolters of oil for profit showed
no interest in the possibility that vast
oil deposits might lie beneath the
waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. But as
oil became scarce, oil companies be-
gan to explore. California oil com
ranies, under the leadership of Edwin
| w. Pauley-recently named by Pre-
sident Truman to be Undersecretary
of the Navy and then rejected by the
senate for this job-began to exploit
waters off the California coast. Harold
l.. Ickes, then Secretary of the Inter-
ior, was induced then to contend that
the federal government had owner
ship of these resources and eventually
the issue got before the United States
supreme court, where it is now rest
ing.
Immediately the oil lobby went into
action The oil trust has always had
marked control over state govern
ments they wished to control, and par
ticularly such states as Louisiana and
Texas and, in large degree, California.
The oil trust lobby labored to get posi-
tive legislative action to give these oil
resources to the state before the
supreme court could act. The old cry
Of estate rights" was raised and the
attorney generals from 46 states jour
neyed to Washington to influence the
congress to pass the legislation.
Until comparatively few years ago,
the courts had ruled that ownership
and control over waters bordering
the states" belonged to the states.
But there were questions involved.
There was the question of rights of
ownership of deposits which might
lie beneath the waters. There was
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
COP CHIEF GOES IN FOR
Time WASTING
GIBBERISH

Up to now we would have said that
Fascist was about the only epithet
in political name-calling that had
achieved the same depths of meaning
.lessness as Red. But then we hadn't
heard of Carroll Recess speech to the
National Republican Club of New
York.
The country, says Mr. Reece, is
being run by a Democratic Party
which has been captured by Red
Fascists, beholden to the political
theology of Moscow" He fails to trace
the tie-up down the Fascist party line
with the late regimes in Berlin and
Rome An oversight, no doubt
Any party in office for Ia years
makes itself vulnerable to valid criti-
cism in a thousand ways, and the De-
mocrats can hardly be said to have
neglected their opportunities in this
regard. Then why should the National
Chairman of the great opposition party
waste time with such gibberish p
Christian Science Monitor.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
LET'S LOOK AT The RECORD

over republican headquarters
"sence godenha only through
eneg a COP re candidate with the czen
months passed since state and federal filings closed
post has publicly stated what he plans to DO
of grand old party traditions this
republican high command continue to look with the sweetest
for legislation to place the working man
to look aundced producer
cooperatves what the republican strategy for 1916?
complete constructive by Montana
particularly the republican opponent Of Judge Left Erickson
nominees the legislature.
FOUND MERIT IN INTERESTS OF
LARGER FINANCIAL GROUPS
the subsequent sessions found the
corporation sockgrower candidate @ nang merit
bills among Others bear out that contention
House Bill 1885, better known as the
bill eagerly sought by independent small business men Of the
competition with
rapidly expanding during the middle thes Ie
more than the legislators
need for protecting small business against
financed chains the COP senatorial candidate voted against
the bill
This bill as provide for
farm filing of said liens
h m COLLECTING from their employers Although repub
can nominee opposed other legislators
should that the
INVARIABLY OPPOSED DESIRED BY WORKERS
bills particular interest to organ
Bills which the labor groups tried diligently
have passed When voting time came on these
hills the
which sought to kill emascuae
Two of these particular this time
H This bill would created Montana labor re-
The enactment OF this Dill
had the effect settling labor disputes with
production loss of profits for bus
bitterly fought public hearing previous
assembly by hundreds of employers (presen or by
OF most
the corporation crowd was SO determined that even the
that they
republican
among wanted harmonious relations
exist between management and labor
2S BILL readily understood by its
wording much improving the lot of employees
by Others the bill act
the health efficiency
the Montana by providing for the
detrimental to the health
prescribe minimum
further
minimum by industry TO
prescribe
this
of this act or Of orders
other designed to provide more
the republican candidate
v his striking unprecedented
balance betwe rights.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

Earlier, reports had been circulating
as to abuses of CT training provisions
by private Montana firms, who under
the guise of training veterans for
better jobs, were actually using the
laws provisions to provide themselves
with cheap labor while permitting the
government to put up either $65 or
$50 per month of the vets salary
These reported abuses have been
checked by The Voice and found to be
true, and as soon as more information
has been collected and documented,
that we may give statewide picture
of this deplorable mess, all facts shall
be presented.
1t should be borne in mind that
these charges of abuse do not apply
in cases where veterans are receiving
job training through the federal-state-
employer-union joint apprenticeship
council set up. All evidence points to
this council and it's affiliates doing a
very splendid job of preparing Mon
tana ex-servicemen for better posi-
lions.
The Holmes Letter
In asking for an investigation, the
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

An historic step was taken by a
Senate Education and Labor subcom
mittee last week when majority OF
its members made report recon-
mending national health insurance
system as 1.-THE most economical ano
efficient way to assure complete medi
cal care for all.1
The report was the first move in
congress toward passage of legislation
in broad new field of social security
medical and hospital service for
everyone = even the poorest of our
people.
A health insurance system paid for
by taxes on all is one Of the social
security improvements proposed in a
bill introduced by Senators Robert F..
Wagner d., N. Y,) and James e. Muir
ray, d., Mont) and Congressman
John d. Dingell ID, Mich.,).
The health provisions of that bill
are stalled in the House Ways and
Means committee, which has done
nothing about this part of the Wagner
Dingell measure and has made no
plans for doing anything.
Hearings on the health part of the
bill have been held by the full Senate
Education and Labor committee, but
have not yet resulted in any action.
Meanwhile. however, the Senate
subcommittee has been studying the
health insurance problem for two
years. It's report does not specifically
recommend the Wagner-Dingell bill,
but gives powerful support to its prin-
ciples
The majority report was signed by
Senators Pepper ID, Fla.), Thomas
ID, Utah, Murray ID, Mont) and
Aiken (R., VT.
Two Members Dissent
Two republican members of the sub
committee, Senator Taft of Ohio and
Smith of New Jersey, refused to go
along with the majority findings and
recommendations.
The report said national health il
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
new BOOK BY UPTON
SINCLAIR NOW OUT

The September selection of the Book
Find Club will be Upton Sinclair's
latest novel in the Lanny Budd series,
A. WORLD TO WIN Readers who
have enjoyed this exciting series for
its glimpses of living history will
again be rewarded by more of Sim
clair's vivid close-ups: The Big Three
F. d. R., Stain, and Churchill; the
headline-making Madame Sun-Yat-
Sen; and danger-filled meetings with
such nazi big-wigs as Hess, Hitler and
Goering. And romantics who have
wondered which woman will finally
capture Lanny Budd's heart get their
answer-and something of surprise.
The Clubs current selection is
EARTH COULD BE FAIR by Pierre
van Paassen.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
MURRAY HEALTH BILL Receives Ok
FROM SENATE Committee

surance is not "socialized medicine"
or "state medicine" as it is called by
the American Medical Association and
other opponents of the Wagner-Mur-
ray-Dingell bill
1--WE do not advocate that doctors
be employed by the government" the
report said. 1--WE do advocate national
health insurance, which guarantees
free choice of doctors and hospitals by
patients, and free choice of patients
by Doctors
The battle for health for all the
people will still be long and hard, but
the favorable subcommittee report
has started things moving
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

a question as to how far into the
ocean this Ownership line extended,
although vaguely it was contended
that the limit would be three miles
from the shore line. Texas, however,
claimed control of about nine miles
Of Gulf waters. Then Texas adopted
legislation to extend her claims to
CONTINUED on Page FOUR
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

MVA and eva speakers and leaders
from out of the state who have already
signified their intention to attend
include Sen. Glen Taylor, Idaho; Dor
Matchan, editor Valley City On. d.
Daily Times-Record, and Ben Stong
editor National Union Farmer, Denver
Sen. James E. Murray, who intro
duced the bill in congress, because OF
the press of senatorial business, will
not attend. He has informed President
Huntington that he will be back in the
state shortly after September 1 and
will gladly participate in other MVA
discussions.
In announcing the meeting Mr..
Huntington released the following
letter which had been mailed to thou
sands of Missouri Valley Authority
supporters here in the state.
Thanks to many hundreds of crusad-
ers like yourself, MVA won smash
ing victory in the recent primaries.
This. is a victory that helps turn the
tide, not only in Montana, but in the
nation. However, it is but one battle
in a prolonged war for decency, right
and justice, and to create opportunity
for full scale democratic development
of our great Northwestern Empire.
Corporate controlled forces of reaction
are still lined up solidly behind the
so-called unified or Power Company
Plans for Missouri Valley and Column
bia Valley Development. A harder and
still more important battle is coming
up in November.
To organize for more aggressive
action-to prepare plans and work out
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
MVA, Cys;; 49,. difference To
Be Held In MIS- ula On
Sunday, August Is
Authority Proposal Supporters To Work Out
Program To Be Presented To Next
Session of Congress

of supporters of the Missouri and Columbia Valley
Authority proposals will hold joint meeting in Missoua Sun
day. August 49, to lay plans for aggressive campaign
of the two authorities during the next session
congress- MVA President Fred G. Huntington Billings attor
ney announced this week.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
NOTICE

Vacation time for The Voice staff
will be the next couple of weeks,
so, as in years past, the next two
issues will be somewhat condensed.
Well be back with the regular in
formation-Ioaded Voice on Aug. 80.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
LEADS IN BUcKWHEAT

The state of New York is the largest
producer of buckwheat, with Pennsyl-
vania second, Michigan third and
Maine fourth.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

strategy-to acquaint all with the
latest developments-to expose some
more of the opposition's hole cards
to grid for action, there will be meet
ing in Missoula, on Sunday. Aug. 18.
This will be no ordinary MVA meet
ing. 1t will be joint meeting of MVA
and eva officials, members, and sym
pathizers with leaders and delegations
from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Mon
tana and the two Dakotas. 1t is hoped
that the ST. Lawrence waterway and
IVA will also be officially repres-
ented Details of the program and
names of nationally known speakers
will be announced later.
We want and need you at this rous-
ing meeting. We want and need your
friends and your friends friends. Mis-
soula, Sunday, Aug. 18. Mark it on
your calendar-spread the word-ar-
range a elegation-grease up the old
jalopy-load her full and be there.
Above all, let us know as soon as pos
sible how many will be in your party
and what you will need in sleeping ac-
commodations SO that we can make
arrangements.
I'll see you at this assembly point
preparatory to another battle ground.
Sincerely yours,
Fred G. Huntington,
President MVA Association.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
Truman Kills Tidelands Oil
Bill, Courts To Decide
Ownership
Oil Trust Lobby Had Driven Proposal To Grab
Rich Sea Shelf Resources Through
Both Houses of Congress

Co-operatves their first and most important battle last
week to get control of vast oil which lie beneath the
Gulf of Mexico when President Truman vetoed bill to give
states clear titles to tideland
The designed to any government
lands beneath the tdewaters including valuable oil
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09
SCANDAL BREWING in MONTANA G.I.
TRAINING PROGRAM, HOLMES ASKS
FOR THOROUGH INVESTIGATION

revelations and charges by General Bradley the veterans
asked the
investigation
the law appointive capitol
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

Those planning to attend should
place their reservations for hotel ac-
commodations with the Helena head
quarters of the MVA, Box 729, I'M
mediately.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1946-08-09

"The strongest bond Of hui.
man sympathy, outside of
the family relation, should
be one uniting all working
people, of all Nations, and
tongues, and kindreds."
Abraham Lincoln
Evening star., 1946-12-01
The Sundoy Stor Grovure Section December I,
The Modern Day Alchemy

strument. A large portrait
may take as long as eight
months to complete.
Next step In the process is
the cutting Of the intricate
designs fringing the bills and
bonds. This is done on a
geometric lathe, a machine
that has the motions of a
human arm. The hard cut
ting steel is held stationary in
the machine while the head
revolves, cutting the design in
the softer steel.
The various engraved pieces
then are taken to the Slider
ography Division to be assem-
bled into one die, known as
the original die. Plates then
are made from the original
die. These are hardened and,
to increase their printing life,
a thin coating Of chromium is
deposited on the surface.
The plates then 60 to the
plate printing division. Ink
for printing is mixed in the
bureau. A distinctive paper,
prepared under a special for
mula,. Is drawn from the
Treasury Departments Bu-
reau of Paper Custody by the
bureau in packages of 1000
sheets. This paper first goes
to the wetting room, where it
is counted. and then mois-
tened by especially designed
machinery.
The process of plate-print-
ing, a highly skilled trade re-
quiring years to master, then
Is started. Four plates, each
containing IL subjects, are
clamped to the power-driven
press. Each plate goes under
a roller which leaves a thin
layer of ink on its surface.
The surplus ink Is removed by
an oscillating wiper and by
the plate printer, who uses his
bare hands to polish the plate
so as to leave ink only in the
engraved lines of the design.
One of the printers assistants
lays a sheet of the moistened
paper on the plate. A pres
sure roller then passes over
the paper, pressing it down so
the ink in the design of the
plate comes of on the paper.
AS the sheets emerge on the
Evening star., 1946-12-01
Poee 5

other side of the press. a girl
takes the paper off and puts
it between tissues. 1t then is
counted and put into a drying
room overnight.
The dried sheets are next
sent to the examining divi-
sion, where they are closely
inspected for defects. The
wetting, printing, drying and
examining operations then
are repeated for the other
side. or face, of the notes.
From there, the paper is sent
to the sizing room. It is placed
on a machine and run through
a special solution that adds
wearing qualities to the paper.
After being dried, following
the sizing bath, the currency
is sent to the numbering sec
ton. There the IL bills on a
sheet are counted and num-
bered and have the Treasury
seal put on them. They then
are cut into separate notes.
A spot welding machine
presses the bills together for
outside shipment. The bills
are wrapped in heavy kraft
paper, labeled and sent first
to Treasury vaults and then
to the banks for distribu-
ton.
Paper money, called Con
tinental currency" was used
before the Declaration of In
dependence was signed. Prior
to the Civil War, the only pa
per currency consisted Of
notes issued by banks operat-
ing under Federal and State
charters. It wasn't until the
acts of July IT and August S,
1861, were passed that the
Government issued paper
money in IS, $40 and $40 de-
nominations. The act of Feb
ruary Is, 1862, authorized the
use Of paper currency in 81,
So, IS, $40. $40, $50, $10O, $500
and $1,000 denominations.
There are three types of pa
per currency currently being
furnished to banks for circu-
lation: United States silver
certificates, United States
notes and Federal Reserve
notes. Distribution is made
through the Federal Reserve
banks and their branches.
Evening star., 1946-12-01
BY CASPAR NAMES

THE United States is gener-
ally regarded as having
the best paper money. bonds
and stamps in the world.
The achievement is not an
accidental one. 1t Is the re-
suit of the highest skill in
every phase of the compli-
Gated process, backed by the
most careful research and
preparation.
The paper money with
which the housewife pays the
grocer, the bonds John @.
Public puts away for juniors
education and the stamps let
ter writer's place on their
envelopes are made in the
Bureau Of Engraving and
Printing. The bureau, which
is a part Of the Treasury De-
partment, has as its director
Alvin w. Hall. During his
tenure. many of its most ad-
vanced steps in currency and
other production have been
made.
There are several principal
operations in the making of
paper money. The initial step
is the engraving on soft steel
of the portraits. vignettes,
ornaments and lettering that
appear on each bill. Each
section is done separately by
men who have spent years
learning their art.
Picture engravers spend
from 70 to 200 hours making a
small portrait or vignette.
The work Is done entirely by
hand, except for reduction of
the original photograph Of a
subject by the camera to the
desired size. The reduced
picture then is traced on a
piece of gelatin and trans
ferred to the steel by coating
the gelatin with q thin, acid
resisting wax. placing it face
down on the die and rubbing
it so the impression appears
on the steel plate. A weak
acid solution is used to give
the outline, and the engraver,
looking through a powerful
magnifying glass, cuts the
subject with his delicate in
The midland journal., 1946-06-21
Side-Dress Vegetables

Long growing crops such as car
rots, celery, etc., should be side
dressed at the same rate every
three to five weeks. The plant food
is distributed one-half on each side
of the row, two to three inches away
from stems. It is then lightly
worked into the soil with a rake or
cultivator. Before watering the gar
den is the best time to feed.
Hospital Capacity ).
Both governmental and nongov-
ernmental hospitals showed slight
increase in bed capacity last year,
the governmental group reporting
1,356,718 or 78 per cent Of all beds,
the nongovernmental hospitals 382,-
226 or % per cent. The federal hos
pitals which expanded rapidly dur
ing the war had net loss of 4,751
beds compared with 1914.
American Seamen
Highest paid able seaman in the
world is the American merchant sail
or. His base pay of $l45 monthly
averages three times that Of Is
other leading maritime nations. In
addition, he receives overtime and
other pay sometimes reaching rs
per cent of base pay, plus food and
lodging valued at SITS a month.
Spread Joy
Schiller, the great German poet,
lost his health at 80, and during his
remaining is years jam-packed
his life with more intellectual
achievement than any other man of
his time. Weak, in pain, one lung
adhering to his chest wall, no more
shoulders than banana, he worked
IA or more hours a day. His con-
stant companions were his wife
Charlotte, and suffering. Yet he
wrote, not merely reams Of poetry.
but happy poetry.
South American Census
Following the United States pat
tern, Bolivia. Brazil. Chile, Peru and
other South American countries
have taken their census in one or
more decennial years. But where
United States censuses have broad
ened in scope to include such data
as years of schooling. cost of dwell
ing and rent paid, consensus of South
American countries have been too
few and too incomplete to gauge
population trendssn
The midland journal., 1946-06-21
H0spital Patients

There were 1925, ,402 admissions
exclusive of out-patients and new
born infants in U. S. hospitals in
1945. This is equivalent to 1873 per
cent of the total population accord
ing to the U. S. census of 1910.
Since 1885 the admissions in the hos
pitals registered by the American
Medical association have more than
doubled in number. The greatest an
nual gain occurred in 1943 when an
increase of 2,829, ,888 was reported.
The following year showed an in
crease of 662, $50 while the present
survey indicates net gain OF 220,-
554 in comparison with 1914.
Cigarette Taxes
Thirty-one states now have cigar
ette taxes that vary from two to
five cents. Seventeen states are list
ed levying tax of two cents per
package of cigarettes while eight
states collect three cents per pack.
Florida, Massachusetts and Missis-
sippi collect four cents and Arkan-
sas, Louisiana and Oklahoma col
lect five cents per pack. In addi-
tion to the federal and state taxes,
q cities are reported levying cigar
ette taxes of one or two cents per
pack.
Overlooking Pie
Our grandmothers used to use a
strip of cotton cloth moistened in
cold water and fastened tight
around the plate. This keeps the
edge of the pie in place during bak-
ing. Some cooks insert a stiff pa
per funnel in the center of the top
crust so that juice may rise in it
without overfiowing. Juicy fruit pies
often run over because the pie
maker tries to put too much filling
into the pie.
Cancer Treatment
Treatment of cancer anywhere in
the mouth is essentially a radiologic
problem, to be treated with radio
active substances or x-rays, since
only a small number of cases are
entirely suitable for surgery, the
doctors said, pointing out that
there were only three patients in
five year survival group who were
treated enti-elv with surrerv-
Remove Onion Odor
To remove onion odor from the
hands, rub them with dry salt or
dry mustard Immediately. RI