davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1946-11-30
TO CELEBRATE
PECK ANNIVERSARY

The William II. Peck Ami
ycrsary will be celebrated on
s nday. December lst at Bethel
ANIE church Frederick and ST.
Antolnc) The guest speaker for
this occasion will be the Rev
Dr.. Cfs,lcs f Stewart, Minis
ter of Youth at Wherefore Uni
vcrsity. Dr.. Stewart who form
erly pastored in Norfolk. Va,
Baltimore, Md and Washington.
ID c. is nationally known for
his ability and devotion TO the
ministry.
At 3 pm the National Bar AS
ISOLATION will meet in the Sane
tuary in a public Mass Meeting
with Judge j Murphy o. the
United States Supreme Court as
guest speaker.
At 6 pm the William II Peck
Anniversary Committee VIII pre-
sent the Senior choir Of the
Church in Brahms Requiem
This is the second annual pres
cntation If this magnificent ora
torio. The Senior Choir is un-
der the direction Of Edward
Lockett. with Mrs Marion Bur
ton as president
Holy Communion Will be OBJ
served at the HOO am. serv-
ice.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1946-11-30

PAT FLOWERS. brilliant
Young piano genus. protcge Of
the late Fats Waller. has been
held indefinitely as the
feature hcaihnc attraction at,
Edde Conaons famous New
No recca for Jazz fans and
nGAo ms
Good Publicity
Ba Johnson the young pi-
anntnJes,ro ~ Walk En-
R5ythn iarlc has boon notified
hr ro American Military Gov
Gru ~ IN Germany tina,
runc az musical manuscs pts
h nG his name have been
fa.nd among me bomh-ra1ed
JNs IS BcGin The music, left
b,hnd b Berlin hv Buddy dur
gs hs hurried dcna iuro frem
Genv IN 1889 IS being shipp-
"a e bum
Bady spent som time in
&c any rs musiclan after
hayYg one abroad With the
Cotton Club Revue" HIS de-
BARGE of several Naz hgwics
adm s, piscd hmm 20 be- thrown
in:o q concentration camp hc-
fore hc Nds gwen safe lour-
nrv r1Hr to America bv tho IN
Evening star., 1946-10-23

ATTORNEY General Tom Clark declared
on Monday that the Nuremberg trial
established forever the solemn 5udg-
ment that the waging Of aggressive war
is q crime" and repudiated that resort
to war is a legitimate instrument oil
statecraft."
wish I agreed with the Attorney
General. but am afraid do not. And
II I harp upon this theme 1t Is because
il is the most important for the human
future
The Nuremberg trials did not establish
that it was. is, or shall be, crime to
conspire to wage, or participate in wag-
ing aggressive" war. It only established
that it was a crime for the German
Third Reich. It actually established that
under certain circumstances, which
could be interpreted by the attacking
party az threatening their own security.
lnuroyoked attacks without declaration
of war are justifiable.
The defendants were charged with
and convicted Of planning or partici-
pating in a conspiracy to wage aggressive
war. But the extent of the conspiracy
was not revealed, nor whether the con-
spiracy involved other states than the
II. II.
the conclusion Of the Russo German
nact, received the Order of Lenin from
Stain was not permitted to call MI.
Molotoy as a witness. Nor did the tri-
bunal receive or pass on-as far as news
paper reports reveal-the minutes OF
either the Munich Conference or Of the
meetings resulting in the agreements
made between the Russians and the
H..
that at the time Of Munich the Russians
and Communists throughout the world
charged that Munich was an interna-
tional Fascist conspiracy to wage war
against the Soviet Union.
The record of the Nuremberg trials
will, therefore. be rich source Of future
material for historians seeking to ana
lyze the events leading to, and the
causes Of, the late war. But they will
find serious lacunae.
It is q matter of incontrovertible rec
ord, however, that from August, 1889,
to June. l941, when the Soviet Union
was attacked by Germany, the Kremlin
denied that the Nazis were waging
aggressive" war; instructed the Com
munist parties in France, Britain, Can
ada and the United States to denounce
the war; publicly defended and partici-
pated in the attacks on Poland: were, in
turn, public defended by Hitler for
attacking Finland; mutually. with the
Germans, attacked and partitioned the
Baltic States and negotiated with the
Germans for further collaboration in
the war in the Balkans and the Middle
East With each of the countries at
tackled, the U. 8. S. R. had a nom
aggression pact.
When Russia was attacked the Soviet
Evening star., 1946-10-23
On the Record
Bp Dorothy Thompson

government justified these previous
moves on the ground that, distrusting
Hitler and foreseeing his aggressive
designs against Russia, the Soviets had
only been putting themselves in more
favorable position for defense. In the
face of the attack this argument was
plausible enough to win acceptance
But the acceptance-and this is the
kernel of the matter-amounted to an
admission that under certain circunl-
stances unprovoked attacks on states in
anticipation of the designs OF "po-
tential' enemy are justified as acts OF
defense. and may not be branded as
aggression even when carried out in col
laboration with the potential" enemy!
Had the U. s. S. R., after having de-
feated the Germans together with the
western powers. and with the aid OF
some of the countries she had pre-
viously attacked, restored intact the
territories she had incorporated while
collaborating with the Germans, the
previous defense argument would have
been strengthened.
But this did not happen. Russia alb
sorbed the German conquests in the
Baltic and added them to her own. and
retained most Of that part Of Poland
taken In mutual conquest with the Ger
mans.
Since the U. s. s. R. sat as prosecutor
and Judge in the Nuremberg tribunal and
her behavior in 1899 was never called
into question, no definition Of conspiracy
or aggression has been established,
either as Of the past, the present or the
future, and the Nuremberg trial does not
contribute an iota to dissipating the
"age-old terror that resort to war Is q
legitimate instrument Of statecraft."
That terror will only be assuaged
when specifically defined behaviors are
banned by enforceable international law
and peaceable but compulsory means OF
Judgment and adjustment Of grievances
are established for, as it is, war remains
the only ultimate means of justice, as
well as Of conquest.
And in the atomic age, those willing
to interpret preventive war as legitimate
defense-which Is what the Soviet Union
has actually succeeded in doing at the
Nuremberg trial, as far as her own
actions are concerned-may in the fu-
ture hold some new Nuremberg trials to
establish in international law" that the
victim was, in fact, the potential" ag-
gressor.
In respect to Finland, Poland and the
Baltic States. that concept has already
been established. in fact, If not in law.
and, precisely, at Nuremberg. Why 1t
should give any one cause to abandon
fear is beyond my comprehension, es-
pecially as in systematic campaign OF
verbal attacks, supported by some ele-
ments within our own country, the
United States is already being branded
as a potential" "conspiring" aggressor.
released By the Bell Syndicate. Ine)
Evening star., 1946-10-23

In Ohio, for example, 1t is evident that
Bricker, the leading Republican on the
ticket, il far ahead. In Missouri, the
leading Republican candidate, KEN, has
less Of an advantage over his opponent.
A Republican running for House seat
in Ohio will get more help from Bricker
than 4 Republican in Missouri will get
from KEN.
And SO, out OF 435 districts, where can
Republicans get 218 seats?
One hundred and one sure Democratic
seats are in the States touching the
salt water, from Virginia to Texas, and
in Arkansas, Rhode Island, Arizona
and Utah. In Maryland and Tennessee.
the present status is not likely to change.
That will give the Democrats ia sure
seats in Is States.
With the Republican field of oppor-
tunity thus cut to 321, the long march
to 218 can begin.
It is easy to guess the results In eight
States, which might be called the Solid
Republican North. These States are
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Iowa,
Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon, North Da-
kota and South Dakota. These 80 seats,
with three sure Republican seats from
Maryland and Tennessee, start the
climb with SO almost certain Republican
seats.
Massachusetts, can easily be disposed
Of. No one expects . change In the
present Republican House delegation OF
10. Two more States seem, at this
point. to be settled Connecticut and
Ohio. Very strong senatorial candidates,
Bricker and Baldwin, will probably pro-
vide 20 Republican seats in Ohio and
4 in Connecticut.
In Michigan, the Republican tide is
very strong, and the Democratic organi-
zation is in bad shape. A conservative
estimate Is that the Republican House
membership will be increased from II
to Is.
, The States considered in this column,
therefore, will provide q minimum OF
80 of the necessary 218.
In succeeding columns, we can con-
slider States in which there is larger
and larger element Of speculation.
lReIeased b. Associated Newspapers, lnsJ
Evening star., 1946-10-23

the wishes OF the ma jority OF nations
which have been active partners in the
war, there is no doubt that such a ges-
ture would be interpreted as indicating
a desire Of the Kremlin to work with its
former war associates.
But while Mr.. Molotov appeared to
be in somewhat friendlier mood than
he had been for some time, Moscow
showed no indication that it held any
friendlier feeling toward the United
States The voices Of the Kremlin-
the newspapers and the radio-con-
tinued to denounce the western world.
America was singled out as their main
target. Dollar diplomacy, capitalist in
trigues and other choice selections from
the large dictionary of Soviet propa-
ganda are being mentioned daily in
broadcasts in all known Languages.
The U. S. S. r. government has its
own code of international ethics. For
instance, it considers rude" and pre-
sumptuous Americas demand that the
elections in Poland and Bulgaria be
held in accordance with the Yalta
agreements. But it feels that 1t is
perfectly ethical for the Soviet broad
casters to beam serious warnings to the
United States about electing to the
next Congress Republican or Demo-
cratic "reactionaries' who are not in
dorsed by the CIO-PAC.
X X
At present there is major discrep-
ancy between the kind words Of Mr..
Molotov when he reached New York
and the actions Of the Russian govern
ment through its powerful propaganda
machine. The words of the Soviet
broadcasters and newspapers in the past
have reflected faithfully the thoughts
of their masters. And there seems to
be no valid reason to believe that things
have changed within the last 48 hours.
Thus, those who endeavor to break
through the veil of secrecy which has
surrounded the Soviet's policies are at
a loss to harmonic Mr.. Molotov's pleas
ant statement with the harsh words
of the Kremlin.
The next few weeks will tell whether
Mr.. Molotov's promises that the U. S.
S. r. will cooperate fully to bring
about a just. peace to all nations large
and small were mere words or whether
they will be substantiated by deeds
Evening star., 1946-10-23
WelI-Dressed Women

nv Great-Aunt Abigail dressed in broD1.
Her sleeDes yere long, and her skirts
came doacn
And covered her tnstep nsodestly,
So that no one eDer by chance might see
Her tpell-turned ankle-much less her
CALI
And mention It atterpard NTH laugh.
They said that her neck tDas soft and
1uaite,
But high collars completely hid 1t from
sight.
She had bro,Dn eyes and q nice straight
back,
And IN tcinter she ,oore sealsAin sncQas.
Her expression ,Das grave, but not sepere,
And regularly. eUery year,
She had q netr dress, trithout rnDles or
pledtinp,
That Dus proper TO trear to the mil or
to meeting
HuDEoARDE WALLS JOHNSON.
Evening star., 1946-10-23

phone facilities In the examination
room for use in such a situation.
All in all. the Soviet envoy suf-
fered no inconveniences not expert
enced by any aerial traveller in these
days of crowded planes and busy
airports and If he looks upon these
inconvenience as discourtesies he is
likely to have an uncomfortable
time of 1t in future travels unless
he asks in advance for special con-
sideration. Mr.. Acheson summed up
the incident" succinctly when he
told reporters 1t had been "blown
up out of all proportion" Surely it
does not warrant any further off,
cial correspondence or other diplo-
matte exchanges.
Evening star., 1946-10-23
a, This Changing World -.
By Constantine Broivn

Highest American officials admit that
the very life of the United Nations de-
pends on the success Of the meetings OF
the Big -Four Foreign Ministers, who
will decide the fate of the peace treaties
drafted in Paris and begin discussions
for peace treaty with Germany.
It is in the shadow Of these negotl-
ations that the U. N. General As
sembly begins its work today in New
York. If the Foreign Ministers repre-
senting the United States, Russia, Great
Britain and France can reach an agree
ment On what has been accepted IN
Paris, there is no doubt that the many
dificult problems on the u. N. agenda
will be solved without much trouble.
But if there is repetition of the situ-
alton which developed id Paris in the
last days of the peace conference, the
u, N. machinery on which the world Is
now relying to avert another catastrophe
will be thrown out of gear. The U. N.
NAV survive, but its members who are
welded to the idea Of peace based on
international cooperation may have to
find some other means to put their aims
into effect.
It is admitted that the fate Of the
OF the Moscow government. II the en-
couraging words pronounced by Soviet
Foreign Minister Molotov on his arrival
In New York last Monday are backed
by deeds from the Kremlin, there Is no
question that the present frictions which
have made the international situation
so precarious will disappear and we may
look to long period Of world collabora-
ton.
But if the words of Mr.. Molotov were
prompted merely by a desire to say
something nice on his third visit to the
American soil. we must look for more
headaches and a continuation OF the
troubled situation which eventually
must lead to something much worse.
It is impossible at this time for Amer
ican observers trained in Russian Affairs
to forecast what Mr.. Molotov's attitude
will be when, for instance, the question
of Trieste comes up for final discussion
Trieste is important inasmuch as the
Slavic group seems determined to upset
the verdict Of the is non-Slav nations
at Paris. Should the Soviet bow TO
Evening star., 1946-10-23

(ThE H tEe pTSL OF Settles OJ SaJ
articles on the congressional elec-
tions.)
In the six issues Of this column to be
published before election this reporter
will attempt to sum up the congressional
campaign. This analysis will be based
mainly on personal visits since July to
l6 States, from Rhode Island to Cali
fornia, on reliable contacts in 10 other
States and on rechecks during the past
week. In the main, this survey is based
on the judgments Of newspapermen. for
good reporters must be realistic. They
cannot indulge in the autointoxication
so common to candidates and profess
sional politicians.
The gift Of accurate political prophecy
is given to no one, although hardy
people yield to it, When this survey Is
finished, the reader will find many an
"if'' and plenty of reticence. All that
can reasonably be expected from an ex-
tensive perspective on so complicated
a scene is statement Of available facts
and conditions, with suggestions of
trends which may or may not be present.
The reader must draw his own conclu-
sions, with the reservations appropriate
to the changing ideas, prejudices and
uncertainties still locked In the minds Of
millions Of voters.
xx 4
The simplest way to state the objec-
tive is this: Can Republicans control
the Eightieth Congress? Can they elect
2l8 House members and 10 Senators?
Let us begin with the House.
It will be easter not to consider the
relatively few seats Republicans must
add to their membership in the Seventy
ninth Congress, but to start from scratch
and add up the number they stand to
elect. Most surveys, including those of
the Republican National Committee,
consider the additional seats needed
But that is deceptive, because when the
statistics Of the 1914 election are viewed,
there are more narrowly held Republi-
can seats than Democratic. Moreover,
any calculation based on an overall
national percentage of gain in Re-
publican votes ignores the great varia-
ton In present conditions among States.
Evening star., 1946-10-23
Much Ado About Little

The letter of explanation mot OF
apology which the State Depart
ment has written to Soviet Ambas-
sador Novikov reveals that the "dis-
courtesy" incident recently at La
Guardia Field about which the Am
bassador protested so vigorously
really amounted to much ado about
little. The note, although couched
in appropriate diplomatic phrase
ology, made it plain that what sub
stance, IF any, there was to Mr..
Novikov's complaint might have
been obviated by bit of ordinary
foresight and average patience on
the part of the Ambassador
Had he been more foresighted,
Mr.. Novikov would have given the
State Department some advance
notice of his arrival from Paris, so
that quarantine, customs and immi-
grafton authorities at congested La
Guardia headquarters could have
been prepared to extend maximum
possible accommodation" as Acting
Secretary Acheson put it in his off,
cial note. Having failed to give this
advance notice. Mr.. Novikov was
treated as any other traveller is
treated when three trans Atlantic
airliners arrive almost simultane-
y ously-as was the case when the
alleged "discourtesy" occurred. That
is. he found himself delayed for
about an hour while representatives
of three Federal services conducted
their usual inquiries. Part of this
delay resulted from the Ambassa-
doris reluctance to sign a routine
customs declaration of the sort
which many other diplomats and
even royal visitors have signed with
out question. The Ambassadors de-
sire. to use a telephone was under
standable, on the other hand. and
steps should be taken to install tele-
Evening star., 1946-10-23
Rude Interference

The State Department has Just
disclosed another rebuff from Mos
cow in our Governments efforts to
implement the big Three" agree
ments at Yalta and at Potsdam for
the establishment Of genuinely
democratic regimes in the coun-
tries of the Balkans and Eastern
Europe.
The department has consistently
taken the attitude that such imple-
mentation of those agreements is
condition precedent to our diplo-
matte recognition of regimes set up
in the specified countries and our
conclusion of treaties with them. In
the cases Of Yugoslavia and Poland,
we have extended recognition on
assurances which are obviously not
being lived up to. Those evasions
have apparently rendered the de-
partment all the more determined
not to acquiesce in similar situa-
ton in Bulgaria, where elections are
slated for October ~ under condi-
tions that will render illusory any
effective opposition to the Commu-
MIST dominated and Moscow-sup-
ported coalition" known as the
"Fatherland Front"
The departments release of off,
cial correspondence on this subject
with both the head of the existing
Bulgarian regime and the Russian
representative of the Allied Control
Commission there shows the run
around" we are being given in Bull
garia. The specious though formally,
polite arguments of the Bulgarian
Foreign Minister contrast with the
fortnight rebuff handed us by the
Russian representative, who denies
the competence of the. Allied Con-
troll Commission to take any action
to guarantee free elections in Bull
garia, asserts that such guarantee
is "the prerogative of the Bulgarian
government" and concludes with
the fiat statement that "the taking
Of any kind of measures by the
commission would be in violation of
these prerogatives and rude inter-
ference in the internal affairs of
Bulgaria"
No wonder our representative on
the commission answered that he
could not agree with any of the
Russians conclusions and therefore
put the matter up to Secretary
Byrnes, with the request that he
take such steps in the circumstances
as he may consider necessary" One
may well ask what the Allied Con-
| troll Commission is In Bulgaria
Evening star., 1946-10-23
The General Assembly

Today, as it conyenes in New York
for the second session of its historic
first annual meeting. the United
Nations General Assembly still is
feeling its way, more or less like an
infant laboriously learning to walk.
But though it is hardly more than
newborn and though its powers are
overshadowed by the Security Coun-
Gil, there is good reason to hope that
1T will enjoy quick maturity and
attain great strength as a key organ
in the kind of world organization
we must have for a decent and last
ing peace.
The present limitations of the As
sembly are well known. Each one of
the fifty-one members of the United
Nations has one vote in it, but the
vote empowers it to do little more
than take organizational measures,
enact budgets, elect new members
and make recommendations. Be-
yond that, as far as executive action
goes, the decisions rest with the
eleven-nation Security Council, any
one Of whose five permanent men,
bers can use the veto to block the
will of the overwhelming majority.
But this need not be something car
ried on in perpetuity. The U. N.
Charter is flexible and provides for
change to meet changing condi-
tions. Given time, given experience,
the Assembly may well exercise far
more influence than it can exercise
now.
Indeed, even in its present forma-
tive stage, this all-inclusive agency
Is by no means uninfluential. Thus,
at its New York session, 1t is sched-
uled to debate substantive issues
that involve high international
policy, and it will have the right to
offer recommendations. It will be
able, for example, to pass upon the
Russian proposal to require men,
bers of the United Nations to dis
close the number of troops they are
maintaining in nonenemy countries,
and it is prepared to give a complete
airing to Australian and Cuban
suggestions to eliminate or dras-
tically curtail the veto power of the
Big Five. OF course. this may ac-
complish little in a direct or imme-
date sense, but 1t can WELD con-
siderable indirect influence-possibly
enough to give pause to any
great power which might otherwise
resort to excessive use of the veto.
In other words, as the only agency
within the U. N. where the smaller
nations have full freedorn to speak
out, the General Assembly iss
global parliament of great potential
Importance, a forum and sounding
board for world opinions and judg-
ments which no power can afford
to ignore. As such. the older and
more experienced it grows, the more
chance it will have to serve the
peace of humanity in an evolving
and ever-improving system of inter-
national law and justice. At any
rate, that is what every hater of
war must hope, pray and. work for.