davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Students Volunteer
To Solve Housing

Collegetown citizens also are help
ing. Eighteen civic organizations of
Boulder, Colo, home of the Uni
versity of Colorado, and the Cham
Der of Commerce of Starkville, Miss,
home of Mississippi State, hunted
rooms, apartments and houses for
students.
And students themselves are 60
ing in for self help. They put on
their own housing surveys at Iln-
nois, Texas and elsewhere. At
Georgia 116 volunteered for part
time construction jobs. Hebert l..
Gushing, president of Nebraska
State Teachers College, advised
goods to become housemaids to get
rooms. Some Villanova couples have
turned gardeners, housekeepers,
handymen and baby sitters with the
same object. At least 10 at Law
renee College are buying houses in
Appleton, Wis.
Schools are making the fullest
use of what they have-double-
decking beds at Lawrence and other
places, putting an extra man in
each residence-hall room at Duke,
housing students in converted class
rooms at Missouri State Teachers,
in Easements at two Georgia
women's colleges, a fieldhouse at
Colorado A. & M. and a stadium
at Kansas State.
They are reaching out for what
Evening star., 1946-09-08

~ HE second postwar school
year is starting this month
amid warnings from edu-
Gators of a growing short
age Of teachers and a continuing
fall in quality of teachers.
One educational authority says
that in IL years, the average coll
lege freshman may be better edu-
Gated than the average teacher.
More than 100000 persons hold
ing teacher positions today have
only emergency permits, according
to the United States ONCE of Edu-
cation. In 1941 emergency permits
totaled only 2,305. The National
Education Association (NEA) esti-
mates that the number of teachers
in elementary and high schools
dropped from $4,000 in 1s41 TO
866, 600 in 1944-5.
High salary" States are recruit
ing teachers from poor States and
big cities are raiding small cities
and rural communities. The teacher
turnover has been running into the
scores of thousands yearly.
The situation is aggravated this
year by a record breaking enroll
ment of college students, due largely
to G1s taking advantage of Gov
ernment financial aid. kindergarten
attendance is also booming as a
result of bumper baby crops in tie
early 1940s.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

man" goes on the war path. Things
happen today instead of tomorrow
as witness the scheduled now of
deadly Martin Marauders to the
ETO or Mariner flying boats to
the Pacific.
And this balanced production con-
tinues today in the big Middle River
factory, where the company cush-
ioned the shock Of Cancelled war
contracts and reconversion with a
carry-through job to rebuild more
than 100 four -engine Douglas trans
ports into commercial luxury air
liners.
Meanwhile, Martin was designing
tooling and selling to the industry
a short-haul. 40-passenger trans
port which, through wide accept
ance, promises to break a virtual
monopoly of West Coast manu-
facturers and restore to the East
a larger share in this industry.
Diversified peacetime production
by some 1880 permanent employees,
as compared with a war peak of
Evening star., 1946-09-08

tically as radar and radio have al
tered communications.
There is so much to learn" Mr..
Martin said, that we all should be
busy at it. And this includes those
who can only help others to learn
AS the father of the modern bomb
er, whose factories have turned out
thousands of successful military air.
craft, the security OF the United
States is No. priority with Mr..
Martin. He dreams of the day when
aircraft will serve only peaceful
needs of the nations, but like other
hard-headed patriots, he knows that
day is not yet at hand.
The worlds big bonfres have
been stamped out, but scattered
debris still is burning around the
edges.
So long as one potentially hostile
power is left to develop atomic
weapons in secret, old-timers rea-
son, the United States CANDLES with
its own security If it falls behind.
And what time this Is, in a
world half starved and torn by con-
flicting political PHILOSOPHERS, for the
Nation which introduced the atomic
Evening star., 1946-09-08
By W. H. Shippen, Jr.
Aviofion Editor Of The Stor


-HE AMAZING advance O.
science in this generation i
demanding far more knowl-
edge of the youth of today
than was available to Glenn L. Mar
tin when he was teaching himself
to build and pilot his first flying ma
chine back in 1909.
At the age of so and well along on
one of the most distinguished Ca
reers in American aviation, the
Baltimore manufacturer never has
forgotten his own fierce hunger for
education as kid on the wind
swept prairies of Kansas. Outside
opportunities were few indeed, and
the boy without textbooks had to
learn from natural forces as he
struggled slowly upward toward free
fight.
The idea of free flight had been
impressed on the mind of his mother
a few days before he was born, in a
dream which young Glenn began to
translate into terms of reality as
rapidly as his practical mind could
wrest secrets from the wind with all
manner of boyish contraptions like
bedsheet sails or paper and cane
kites.
Having won long battle to learn
enough to keep himself and his
growing organization in the fore
front of the conquest of a new ele-
ment, and with his mother still at
his side, Mr.. Martin is dedicating
large part of his personal fortune
to help insure that youth of today
can take up and carry on from the
point where the old-timers will be
forced to sign off
Already the dream of the two
Martins for a higher education for
succeeding generations is taking
shape out at the University of Mary
Evening star., 1946-09-08

Since the broad science of aero
nautics embraces virtually all spe-
cialized fields, DR.. Byrd pointed out,
opportunity will be offered to stu
dents who wish to pursue careers in
mechanical, civil, chemical or elec-
trical engineering; in meteorology,
navigation, metallurgy, radio or
radar communications the develop
ment of new plastics, or Jet, turbine
and rocket power units.
DR.. Byrd envisions a new college
eventually rivaling such established
institutions as NIT. Or California
Tech. He explained he is now In
search of qualified professors and
instructors headed by some edu-
Gator of world renown in the field
of aeronautical science.
Within the new college, DR.. Byrd
Evening star., 1946-09-08

bomb to mankind, to presume it has
a monopoly on the secret and econ
omize by cutting back on scientific
research and chronological develop
ment!
Vital questions of world security,
Mr.. Martin hopes, will reach a
peaceful settlement in the coming
years and the energies and brains
of aeronautical students everywhere
will be dedicated to commercial
progress. His only stipulation to the
college to bear his name is that it
offer the widest possible opportun-
ity for advancement of knowledge,
especially in the field of aeronau-
tical science.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

Newest, swiftest and
most deadly of diDe-tor-
pedo bomberS, this is the
ne1U Martin "Mauler" for
the Many.
Some Of this work will be done
on contract for Federal or Army
and Navy Departments, or for avia-
ton and related industries, with
full-time researchers assisted by stu
dents working for postgraduate de-
grees. -
Most of the $3,25o,o00 cash on
hand will be invested in buildings
and equipment for the new school,
DR.. Byrd said, with continuing
maintenance and improvements to
be born by State appropriations,
supplemented by private donations.
Mr.. Martin hopes the new college
will also serve as a permanent me-
mortal to his mother, who held the
lamp for him while he toiled over
his first airplane, eager to learn
the secrets of flight.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Alexandria
Continued From Page Cay

United States and resident in the
county six months prior to the elec-
tion were entitled to vote, and which
resulted, for retrocession, 1853, and
against, 222. Accordingly the Pres
ident, on September 7, 1846, an
nounced that the portion of the Dis
trict derived from the State of Vir-
ginia was receded to that State.
Strange to say, however, many
prominent persons, born in Alex
andria County, during the period
it was a part of the District of
Columbia, are given even in the
Congressional Directory as having
been born in Alexandria, or Alex
andria County, Va. And this
list includes such men as James A.
Pearce, who served as Senator and
Representative from Maryland:
Richard H. Stanton, who served as
Representative from Kentucky, and
his brother. Frederick Perry STAN
ton, who served in the lower house
from Tennessee, prior to which time
these brothers were brick contrac-
tors, and furnished the bricks for
building the Blue jug" Jail in
Washington. The same authority
gives James Murray Mason as being
born on Analostan Island, Fairfax
County, Va, in 1893, and which,
of course, is an error This island
is now Theodore Roosevelt Island.
Arlington Mansion
In 10 Miles Square
Also, as having been born in Ar
lington Mansion, Virginia, was Will
liam Henry Fitzhugh Lee, who was
born nine years before the retro
cession. Indeed, when George Wash
ington Parke Custis started to build
this noted building, this section of
Virginia was even at that time with
in the Ten Miles Square, and it was
to this place that young Custis
brought his l6-year-old bride, and
it was here their daughter, Mary
Ann Randolph Custis was married
to 1t. Robert e. Lee,
Evening star., 1946-09-08

adult division since 1918, now are
planning the new home. They
expect to open the new school in
the fall.
The opportunity school program
was begun Is years ago when Miss
Gray proved by survey that,
although the State appropriated q
large quota of its income to educa-
ton on a per pupil basis, most of
the money went to State-supported
secondary schools and colleges. This
meant that thousands of pupils who
had dropped out Of school at an
early age had little chance for
advancing further.
The first Of its type in the Nation,
the opportunity school offered sum-
mer classes for adults who had not
finished elementary or high school,
In the first year, II young women
and 10 men attended.
School Began as
An Experiment
Last summer 226 were enrolled, in
cluding % graduates of high school,
an offshoot, Camp Opportunity
School, jr., had 100 children.
From the beginning, the school
was designed as simple experiment
in democratic living. The days work,
which started at 6 a M, was done by
the pupils and included carrying
water from the spring.
The earliest pupils wanted to know
how to figure sums" read news
papers, write their names, buy rail-
road tickets, set tables and intro
duce people. Today's pupils have ad-
vanced to literature, home owner
ship, world geography.
In 1921 pupil had to bring only
dollar to enroll and one of the
students could not even pay that.
Today the tuition is $50.
The first school opened with do
nations of $40, barrel Of flour,
fresh vegetables, and staple groceries
in lieu of fees. Last year interested
individuals-many Of them gradu-
ates-contributed more than $1,000
for scholarships.
Throughout the years South Caro-
lima adults who dropped out Of
school early have taken UP their
books again at these accelerated
summer sessions. Among the alumni
are doctors. nurses, Red Cross
Tecreational director, a mill superin-
tendent, a researcher In the United
States Department Of Agriculture.
Twenty alumni are In college.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
These Are Troublesome
Days for American
Education

On one hand Is the record
breaking boom in school attend
ance--in the kindergartens and
in the colleges.
On the other is the saggins
quality of teachers.
Here are two stories that
high light a crisis affecting not
only school authorities but mil
lions Of parents and students
as well.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
Sees Door Opened
To Entirely New World

Very few details have been re-
leased, however, of new Army and
Navy projects in various stages of
development-some as yet but a
gleam in scientists eye, others on
drawing boards, in test laboratories
or wind tunnels. in experimental
hand production as against line
production, or in secret flight test.
Mr. Martin, like other great pio-
neers who nursed American avia-
ton from infancy. is convinced after
half century of hard work, that
he and his colleagues have only
Evening star., 1946-09-08

said, will be organized something
unique Of its kind-an institute for
advanced chronological studies to
coordinate the work of full-time re-
searchers in electronics, physics,
chemistry, new types of propulsion,
plastics and the like.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

s200,000,000 on temporary student
housing. The FPHA is breaking up
Army camps. Navy training sta
tions and war projects and moving
the buildings to campuses. The
War and Navy Departments are
leasing existing facilities to schools.
State governments are spending
millions. They put much of the
money to prepare sites for temporary
units-sidewalks, sewers, utilities
and the like. Colleges and uni
versities are paying. too They have
set aside s65O,OO0, 900 or more for
dormitory construction. but Short
ages have slowed many of these
projects.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

ever else they can lay their hands
on. Southeast Missouri State Teach
ers will use a city school, Colgate,
an old USO; the University of Rich
mond, a Naval Diesel school; Yale
and Carroll College, hospitals. Cor
nell, Denver, Harvard, Missouri
Mines and Rollins College have
leased hotels. Montana State moved
a dormitory from Vancouver, B. C..
Odd Spots Chosen
For Dormitories
Housing is springing up in odd
spots, on a baseball diamond and
tennis courts at Chicago, a golf
course at Missouri, a polo field at
Texas A. & M, an airport at
Florida and State fairgrounds at
Ohio State.
Many colleges are pushing their
own construction. some of it perma-
nent, as best they can in the face
of the building material bottleneck
and high real estate costs. But
most of the work has gone into
temporary housing.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

$4,000, is about equally divided be-
tween commercial and military
with Army and Navy orders strik-
ing fair balance. The Navy's new
"Mauler" dive-torpedo bomber with
5000 horsepower engine Is in line
production; the last Of six giant
Mars flying boats is in the final test
stage and the worlds biggest am
phibious flying boats are coming
along.
Evening star., 1946-09-08
No Vacancies
Signs Greet
New Pupils
By Nathan Ootis
A,soeioted Press s,off Writer

~ OvERNMENT and educa-
II ton are teaming up in the
good old college try at the
task Of housing millions of
Americans who want to 60 to
school this year.
They are gaining ground, an
Associated Press survey shows, but
colleges and universities are still
far short Of the goal.
That is the look OF things on the
eve Of the first academic year since
rehabilitation of World War II
service men, who will swell enroll
ments to record proportions on
many campuses.
Allegheny College will house II
students in an Odd Fellows orphan
age at Meadville, Pa. Kansas will
put 20 in a gymnasium, 64 in a
stadium, so in an old Unitarian
Church and 10 in an art museum.
Alabama Polytechnic Institute at
Auburn will have 1856 men living
in 80 tugboat cabins. Illinois will
use a skating rink and Yale a boat
house for dormitories.
Nelson Vance Russell, new presi-
dent of Carroll College at Waukesha,
Wis, moved out of his house and
turned it over to rs women students.
But even such industry, ingenuity
and sacrifice seem unlikely to meet
the need.
480, 900 Students
To Be Turned Away
The Veterans Administration es-
timated on the basis of a March
QUESTIONABLE that 100000 of 2,080,-
600 men and women applying for
fall enrolment in 1,103 institutions
of higher learning must be turned
away. The VA said 10000 appli-
cants were veterans. Two-thirds
or more Of the students at Notre
Dame, Connecticut, Maine and
Duke; three-fourths at Fordham
and nine-tenths at Harvard, may
be veterans.
The Federal Public Housing Au-
thority has allotted 103,000 tenn
porary housing units to 675 schools,
but expects only about 47,000 to be
finished by the end of this month, a
week after the term starts in most
places.
Some little schools have slight
housing problems. The University
of the South at Sewanee, Tenn,
expects $50 students and the college
Of Emporia, Kans., 300 to 400, about
Evening star., 1946-09-08

on the first unit of the Glenn l.
Martin College of Engineering and
Aeronautical Sciences-an $500 900
wind tunnel scheduled for compile
ton next winter. The Martin Co.
has laid 81 500 900 cash on the line,
with no strings attached, and if all
goes we'll the ante likely will in
crease from time to time, and SINH
lar provisions will be made in Mr.
Martins will The State has put up
s750,000 for the projects so far.
The university's Board of Regents
is to review preliminary architect s
plans this month for IL new build
ings Of the college soon to rise on
the spacious 350-acre campus of
rolling green hills on the outskirts
Of Washington. These buildings,
equipped for advanced scientific and
chronological research, will house
civil, electrical, mechanical, chem
ical tests and aeronautical engineer
ing departments, along with shops,
library, auditorium and physics sec
tion.
Both war and postwar shortages
have delayed construction since Mr.
Martin made his first substantial
contribution more than 18 months
seo, but DR. H. c. Byrd, president
Of Maryland University, declared
We will make the most strenuous
Efforts to get most units in opera
tio-. by the beginning of the new
term in September of 1947, espe-
cially since many students already
are applying for admission"
Martin Is Noted
For Making Things Go
Although a member of the uni
versity's Board Of Regents, Mr.. Mar.
tin Is careful to say nothing which
might be construed as debating pol
icy to the educators who have hi.
living memorial in hand. That Il
their responsibility, not his.
In his orderly mind. he holds thu
educational project quite separate
and apart from the compact, eff
cient production outfit he has bull
from the ground up and knows 81
thoroughly.
The process of building greai
educational institution may, of ne
cessity. be slow one. but things
begin to happen In the Glenn L
Martin Co. plant when the "olc
Evening star., 1946-09-08

The organization
the controls
Evening star., 1946-09-08

DR.. Ralph Mcdonald, Secretary Of
the Department of Higher Educa.
ton Of NEA, estimates that some
600,0 teachers have quit the pro-
fession since 1889 and that about
so 900 positions have not been filled,
Evening star., 1946-09-08
schools Opening
Under Shadow of
Teacher Crisis
By Alexander R. GEORGE
A,.oeio,ed Press Stoff Writer

Assoeioted Press Stoff Writer
~ HE second postwar school
year is starting this month
amid warnings from edu-
Gators of a growing short.
Evening star., 1946-09-08

~ OVERNMENT and educa-
II tion are teaming up in the
good old college try at the
task of housing millions of
Evening star., 1946-05-30

MI. FALLS CHURCH-5-room and bath
nH pny Ea's Good M rssr eaE I ase goo m s sees
TALL TIMBER. on acres of high rolling
Chain Bridge; Commanding view: 6-room
RsSs I RSSa 3. SS'ss!Ps ssRRvfsa e fxoN
] HAVE A BRICK n 8 bedrms., SG9n; / bath for
S15,5oo. Also a new brick, a bedrms, >
eahs ACRE 2r EsfaT fa fo Ge0f rontase sa On
Washnston; Wa room house, SURE surroundsd raSHi
foo shed and oher bud
ines. Priced S21,5O0. Call LYON, INC,
Ho5 Ga 1o,H Nrsys Or Gil r9Sp.xs 161l so u
California BUNGALOW, only $3.50; pur--
y Il the Veterans s Administrstiona; Located
HaS6HrRFE s0 GE ,11e kSMbTas oS as cH Fl oaI
stone fireplace. dining room, equipped
e Secluded ns pore and on ss 1ssr SSF o
H1fe BY e ta rees r. sf0q HEAL rATs
SERVICE INC, Glebe hwy. at Glebe. I'd.
s-RM. WHITE BUNGALow-Excel. ioca-
ton, on on lge lot. full basement oil as.
HCdl dHu AIcPidSc ADAM HEAL1 Z, "a.
SPACIOUS GROOM FRAME HOME, on
large level lot, close-in Arlington, excellent
neighborhood, bus at door; contains living
bedrooms, BATH fully equipped kitchen,
large front porch, full basement: oil heat;
fine attic which can be made into more
rooms: detached garage; priced $1,000;
$1,000 cash, terms. KATHARINE NJ.
sIaH s-RM. WffLIiAMsBURG vi Colonial Ibr Brick
on lee. lovely lot: . freplaces, 3 baths.
recreation rm.. rumpus rm., bult-in ga
rage and oil h.-whs Nh Mr.. Lee, with ABARc
REALTY. OK. O6G6. 80
6-YEAR-oLD. 6,,rm., 2-story home in nice
location. on lse.. lot; full basement,
screened porch and oil &C. heat. ABARC
REALTY. OK; O6t6. 80
NEW 5-RM. BRICK BUNGALOW in nice
location. with unfinished End floor. full
basement. oil &C. heat. ABARc REALTY,
Gf s-RM. a-sToRY HOME on N-acre
les Kin IL excl astp q oaae onS
N CLARENDoN-7-rm. white home with
fireplace: full basement t., oil h.-w.h,. built;
REALTY, OK. oe76. so
Evening star., 1946-05-30
SUBURBAN SALE-MARYLAND.

bedrooms bath: living room with, fireplace;
furnace, on large lot. Owner being trans
ferred' n3n must sell st once Early posses
SMALL fSsf EsTATa, filo' close in. About sH acres
amid oaks fare Ras
lish boxwood, magnolia, roses and other
Towering shrubs: also small orchard of red
pus old New Enssnd isrmhouse Of no
rsmodsled; Reduced to ST.: 800: e. Il.
SILVER sFkiNe. G. loss ST A sale sis0 30
Sins ma p1sn =. 5sth:
bedrms., all copper plumbing, slate IT.,
COPPER spouts, sarage; nice lot with shrub
Churches and bus. Avsilabie Tor inspection In SECTION
May 3Qth to June End by appt. BOX
VACANT, immediate possession; W. Hy-
asbestos, shinsle, inclosed porch, full
Only S1o,50o. on terms. Call Mr.: Bedford,
sTSRaE MSafaI4if, CO.
bedrooms, INV. oil heat. maids room;
on bsrd good fosds
mutihg distance of Washington and Balti-
more; immediate possession. : Call Mr.
Brosius. Sligo 5400: eve. and Sun. Sligo
4150. STANLEY PEARSON, 1896 Georgia
ave 30
ROCKVILLE-A Arm. and bath asbestos
shingle house of excellent construction of
high-srade material. unfinished attic which
can easily be finished into additional
rooms; front and rear porches. basement
circulating heat, lot 50x125; conv. to
everything Price, $4,000, on terms Ex-
elusive with E. s. PRICE u CO., ME- 1850
or Pleasant 1891. 30
LANDOVER HH.LS-Bungalow. modern in
every respect. This is one OF the most at
tractivs properties in this community
Lot size, 60x12O. For full inform alton
call MORRISON AGENCY, Mrs. Taylor,