davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31

for the Equalization of Educational
Opportunities was adopted as the
official name of the group.
WORK FOR EQUALIZATION
The conference voted to work
toward full equalization of educa-
tional opportunities with In t h
framework of the decision rem
dered by the u. S. Supreme Court
in the Lloyd Gaines case at-all
educational levels.
In the implementation of the
Gaines case, the conference adopt
ed a proposal stating that it docs
not endorse the principles of dual
school systems; however, realizing
that, until such time as this
policy in the affected states is
changed, those responsible for
public education should effect all
the progress and Improvements
possible within the existing pat
tern"
The pouy emphasized that dual
schools are more expensive than
integrated schools, and also stress
ed that the States which continue
to foster dual systems should sup
ply funds to effect full equalization
of educational opportunities for all
people, and should not operate
schools at the expense of minority
groups.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
WESLEY HEADS GROUP

r h permanent organization
formed by the body was Carter w.
Wesley of Houston "exas, presi-
dent; c.. A. Scott Of Atlanta, Ga,
vice president; Mrs. Lucy Harth
Smith of Lexington, KY, vice pres
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
. BEHIND THE SCENES
IN WASHINGTON .

AS far as Washington society
Is concerned, his greatest mater
ial display of friendship comes
at the annual October Revolu-
ton Anniversary receptions in
the big limestone Embassy for
merly occupied by Czarist diplo-
mats, four-and-a-half blocks up
18th street from the White
House. On these occasions,
Gromyko dons gold braid and
shakes hands with from 1900 to
1000 members of official Wash
ington, who put on somewhat
disgraceful grab for the vodka
and caviar. It's enough to make
a recluse of even the most gre
garious of hosts.
Gromyko was born in Minsk,
White Russia, some 400 miles
west of Moscow and near what
used to be the pre-war, pre-Cur-
zon-Line Polish border. Minsk
was of course overrun by the
Germans earlytR the war.
But at San Francisco Gromyko
has the satisfaction OF seeing
White Russia admitted as SOW
ereign state in the United Ma
tons.
He was educated as an econ
omist and for a time lectured at
the Institute of Economics and
the Academy of Science. En-
tering the government, at 30 he
was in charge of the American
section of the Foreign Office.
After a year in that position he
was ordered TO Washington in
1899 as counselor to Ambassa-
dor Constantin Oumansky. In
the three months between Ou-
mansky's recall and the arrival
of Ambassador Litvinov in Dec
cmber 1941, Gromyko was in
charge of the Embassy and con-
Quoted early negotiations for
Soviet purchases and Lend
Lease supplies from the U. S.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
By PETER EDISON

BY PETER EDISON
SAN FRANCISCO-With For.
eign Commissar v. M. Molotov
gone from the San Francisco
Conference, the Soviet Ambas.
sador to Washington, Alexander
A. Gromyko-pronounced Gro.
mee-ko. with the accent on the
Mee-becomes Mr.. Big for the
Russian delegation at the United
Nations charter writing and
spelling bee.
Gromyko smiles a little more
readily than the others in this
stolid, impressive and almost inn
passable group. But. aside from
the smile. he is pretty much the
personification of mystery wrap
ped in enigma-tall, dark and
taciturn.
He is younger than nearly all
the other heads of missions here,
being only 81. That would make
him only nine years old at the
time of the BolShevik Revolution
in 1917, so he has grown up un-
der communism. He is a career
diplomat and apparently a good
one in Russian eyes, for he has
been awarded the Order of Len
in-highest civilian decoration
given by the Moscow Govern
ment for the job he has done in
Washington in the past six
years.
Gromyko's public utterances
since he became ambassador,
succeeding Maxim Litvinov have
been noteworthy only for their
extreme caution, couched in the
customary polite but dull diplo-
matte phrasing About as far
as he goes in committing him.
self is to say that the people of
the Soviet Union feel friendship
and deep respect for the u. S.
people, and are grateful for re-
ceiving from us not only moral
but also substantial material
support.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24

He knew practically no Eng.
lish when he arrived but has
studied the language diligently.
along with all the reports on
manufacturing, economics. his
tory and politics - the usual
things expected Of any career
diplomat.
Today Gromyko has . good
working knowledge of English
and he gets about in the diplo-
matte set q bit more. But the
Ambassador and Madam Gromy-
ko are not, perhaps, as chubby
with the White House and State
Department officials rs were
Maxim and Ivy Litvinov.
Recall of Litvinov at the time
OF the first Quebec Conference
in 1943 was at first gossiped
about as slap at the United
States for failure to develop a
second front. The State Depart
ment was quick to deny that.
however, and any ideas that
Gromyko is second-rater have
been completely removed.
He was head of the Soviet
delegation that helped draft
Dumbarton Oaks proposals last
fall and he has handled his gov-
ernment's affairs in Washington
all through the difficult periods
when second front. Polish, Fin
nish, Romania, Yugoslav, and
German occupation and repara-
tions questions have been the big
issues.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
TWO BUDGETS

You never saw seven-ond-o- half billion dollars.
Neither did anybody else, including Treasury oecre-
tory Morqenthou ond Mint Director Nellie Ioyloe
Ross There isn't ony such thing Sums like that ore
lust foments of fevered mognotons. reduced to fig
ures in government ledgers.
When President Trunnon sliced seven-ond-o.holt
billion dollars off the I945-46 budget, he elim
noted something so in1persono and so inconceVo0'e
thot it doesn't seem TO have anything to do with you
or U.s. But it does That reduction, drop IN the
bucket means S535 off the 1916 expenses OF every
individual in the United Stotes - S2l42o or the
budget Of every foniIy OF four.
We won't pay any less next year because OF this
reduction We have been going into debt so deeply
every year since 1881 thot reduction os small os
seven-ond-o.hof billions can't begin to catch up.
We shall have to poy just os much next year. but
each one of US will be S53 ST less in debt, year
from June 30 because the President used an axe on
the war budget.
We should be grateful to the fighting men who,
by beating Germany enabled the President to cut
back war estimates for the coming yeor. We should
be grateful TO the President for the pomptness and
firmness with which he erosped the opportunity.
1t is not beIittne what hos been done to point
out however, that this cut was in the almost 30
bIion-doIlor war budget inherited by President Tru
man. 1t has no effect upon the more than 3blion-
dollar non-wor budget.
1t is inevitable thot great war like this should
be run at q deficit Not this nation con pay
such expenses out Of current INCOME The war bud
get will come down. from now on, until Japan is de-
feoted at which time much Of it will disappear.
The peocetinoe nonwor budget is the one to feor.
1t the one with which must live, and try to keep
on speaking terms, otter our wor-nfoted l6O-biI-
on.doIIor notionol income subsidies to normolity.
The nonwor or administrative budget alone calls for
500 next year from every man. wonnon and child in
the country.
President Truman hos been in the White House
too short time and under too extraordinary orcun-
stances for to expect him to have done anything
concrete about the administrative budget. We hope
ond expect hot he will give attention to thot as soon
he con.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
BY ERSKINE JOHNSON
NEA Staff CORRESPONDENT

Beverly Hills fugitive from
a barber, Hoagy Carmichael, is
doing just about everything but
writing music these days. The
composer of Star Dust" "Old
Rockin' Chair and IL ~
Bones" has turned actor in the
movies and master of ceremon-
les on the radio.
In his spare time he composes
and cuts hair.
Hair cutting is his real love.
He's hated BARRIERS all his life.
They scare me-" he says. Prize
piece of furniture in the Car
michael household is a barber
chair.
When he needs a hair cut,
Hoagy sits down in his private
BARRIERS chair and cuts his own
hair. Does it with mirrors.
He even has two little fugi-
tives from a barber in the house
-6-year-old Hoagy Blk and a.
year-old Randy Bob, his sons.
I've cut their hair ever since
they were born. They've never
been 10 a barber" he says.
Hoagy is such a good barber
even his friends drop around for
hair cuts, but Mrs. Carmichael,
a former New York cover girl,
runs and hides every time Hoagy
gets the hair shipping CLEAN in
his eyes. No Hoagy trims for
her.
A SINGING PIANIST
Hoagy is appearing in the
Howard Hawks picture. ITO
Have and TO Have Not" He
plays a singing pianist in a brok-
en-down little night club and
plays the films theme song,
How Little We Know" which
he also composed. It's the same
type Of role Dooley Wilson had
in "Casablanca."
The songwriter landed the
role through his friend, director
Hawks, who for years has en-
loyed his singing and piano
playing at private parties.
Hawks decided he would be
great as an actor. You make
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
ONE MORE DECORATION

Notwithstanding oil the decorations ovoiIobIe in
this war, yet another is needed It should be some
sort Of simple bur costly recognizable honorable dis
charge button for the Il million men and women
who, for more than three years OF much inconven.
fence and often financial cost have served Faithfully
as civilian defense workers.
No enemy plone hos reached our shores to Justify
their efforts. Often they have been abused for in
terferng with whinns ond very rarely hove they
been thanked by any Of us for whose sofety they
served If Gernons or Jops really had come, we
should have been extremely grateful for the oroon
zotion these volunteers perfected Their will and
their effort we're no less becouse our mainland es-
COPIED bombing little plastic BUTTON or some equiv
o|ent insignia identifying those who only stood and
VOTED seems to be indicated
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
WATCH FOR BILL

It you Should hoppen to be around ship soon
keep on eye peeled for Bill Clark, who is reported
missing It is thought thot he may have shipped as on
oblebodled seaman or perhaps os ships carpenter
Bill is five feet six-ondo-hoIf inches toll hos
sporse hair and small nustoche is hale and hearty
hos neither fose teeth spectoces. When lost
seen he wore blue uniform with white metal but.
tons he won't refuse drink if you offer one.
# you should find more than one answering the
description, Bill will be the one who seems most at
home on ship. He ought to. He hos soied the secs
more than half century If cornered, he may con-
TESS to his 100 years.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
. m HOLLYWOOD

such a screwy face when you
sing" he said.
I'm such a bad singer"
Hoagy explained, Il have to
make faces to make the tones
come out"
We wondered whether he was
a good actor. Had he seen the
picture? Yes" he said, land
I'm very we'll pleased. Id like
TO do some more acting"
Carmichael is the kid from
Bloomington, Ind, who played
ragtime for fraternity dances at
Indiana University. His mother
taught him piano and while
studying law at the university he
played with campus bands and
had one of his own.
Then he started writing music
and hit the jackpot with such
hits as Star Dust" "Riverboat
Shuttle" Georgia on My Mind"
"Snowball' and scores of others.
There's quite story behind
"Star Dust"
He wrote the tune in 1923.
But it was three years before he
could convince a publisher that
it was worth publishing. Then
it became an immediate hit.
During the last 10 years the sales
have steadily been climbing.
Hoagy's royalties this year were
bigger than for any previous
year.
Hoagy has written many
songs which reached the screen,
but he has never gone in for
entire musical scores.
CLAIMS HE'S TYPED
Besides, Hoagy admitted. he
was typed. They always think
of me as an Individuals. They
think l can only write stuff like
Old Rockin' Chair" He hopes
to surprise the skeptics with a
new number in "bambooco'
rhythm, It's cross, he says,
between rhumba and samba
rhythm.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24
. SO THEY SAY

The world community must
be prepared to deal with inter-
national gangsters when they
first show their heads, not after
they have grown great and
strong on conquest and only
world war can stop them.-Sen.
Joseph II. Ball (R) of Minnesota.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24

A soldier needs 306 pounds Of
meat in a year, but the average
civilian needs only 172 pounds.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-05-24

A bee usually gathers pollen
from only one kind of flower in
a single day.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-05-19

it is but natural to expect that man.
power cutbacks, variously estimated
at 40 to so percent, will take place
almost Immediately.
The present executive order does
not allow the committee to handle
complaints arising in reconverted
industries, but since the nation is
still engaged in war with Japan dis
locations in some areas may be only
temporary.
In the st. Louis area the commit
tee interested itself in the discrimin-
atory layoff of Negroes at a plant
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-05-19

which were held prior to July, 1913.
Not all hearings are "full Dress" !"
meaning with the full committee in
attendance. A subcommittee or a
hearing examiner is sometimes the
chief taker of evidence.
The committee has, in the course
Of it's existence, definitely interest
ed itself in discrimination cases
arising within government. Rough
ly 25To of the complaints filed are
against government departments
and agencies. Out Of the total cases
satisfactorily adjusted, some 1924,
not more than 83 such adjustments
are with government. The war de-
partment, biggest employer, is the
biggest offender.
AS war agency the FEPC is con-
cerned with bringing about the
fullest utilization of all available
manpower for the fight against the
axis. Now that there is but one men,
Der of the axis left to be disposed of,
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-05-19

which was experiencing produc-
ton cutback. The committee object
ed to the procedures being follow
ed by the company, and issued di-
receives against it. With this as pre-
cedent, it is reasonable to expect
that FEPC will still be in business
for while longer, with or without
permanent legislation, but the ma
ture of complaints may change
from refusal of employers to ac-
cept job applications or to upgrade
minority groups, to one of unfair
layoffs.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-05-19
PRESIDENTS COMMITTEE
Continued from page IL

off valuable American agency.
Unfortunate also, is the failure of
the general public to evince great
er consciousness of the routine job
the committee is performing SO that
it could jump to the defense of the
agency when the attackers go to
work on it.
Nevertheless, the committee goes
about it's job holding public hear
ings where it must and settling
cases otherwise wherever it can
which is in the majority of in
stances. AS matter of record, up
to Dec. 81, 1914, the committee had
held only 80 public hearings, Fl of
Evening star., 1945-03-09

War Bonds are the civilians am
munition against the Japs and
Nazis. While the civilian cannot
take part in actual battles he can
do so vicariously through tanks,
guns and other materiel of war pur-
chased with his War Bond money.
Evening star., 1945-06-14
An UnseemIy SquubbIe

For the past six weeks the Allied
peoples have been treated to sue
cession of charges, denials and coun-
tercharges with regard to the alleged
mistreatment of liberated prisoners
of war and slave workers.
The Russians began this exchange
on April 80 in a Moscow broadcast
quoting Colonel General s. I. Coli
kov as Saying that liberated Red
Army soldiers had been held in
Allied camps behind barbed wire
under absolutely intolerable con-
ditions." General Golikov, Soviet
Repatriation Commissar. also said
that 300 Red Army officers had been
transferred to the United States and
their whereabouts concealed from
Russian authorities. These accusa-
tions were denied, first by the Brit
ish and then in an official State De-
partment release. On June 6, how
ever, the substance of the Russian
charges was repeated in another
Moscow broadcast. This resulted in
formal British denial, which said
that General Golikov's report had
given totally false impression. !"
This statement also accused the
Russians OF failing to live up to their
Evening star., 1945-06-14
Equipment. Locking
ON the London Times.

Today the American industrial work
er produces perhaps twice as much in
an hour as the British worker, nos
least because he has at his disposal
twice rs much horsepower-mechani
cal power and power-operated equip.-
ment. Scientific research, business ens
terprise, managerial efficiency, personal
skill, and many other factors intiuence
productivity: but the essential key I'd
economic advance is the equipment of
the worker with "the tools for the job,
the provision of capital. In 1898 TIL
ccmmunity's total investment in publn
utilities, industry, and building ari1ounts
ed to no more than f76o ,000, 600, ofisef
BY loss Of f55, 900 Of oversea IN.
vestment. Maintenance and replace.
ment Of existing capital equipment
claimed $4,000, 900. The nation added
to its stocksof capital f24S, 900 900 worth
OF new buildings, chiefly houses, but
only EGO, 1000, 900 worth Of new equipment
for pubic utilities; and as little a
ESQ. .o0o, 900 was invested in additional
industrial plant and machinery, ships
commercial vehicles and other kinds
OF liked" capital. The net addition I'd
the nations productive equipment can.
not have exceeded f125, 900 900 in /
year when personal expenditure on con.
sumers goods and services amounted
without indirect taxes, to e., ,5io, 900 ,Doo
Unquestionably, the fiow Of investmen,
was too small for economic health and
progress, and. for many years after thu
war far larger proportion OF the, ma
lions resources and manpower VIII
have to BE- reserved for the prodnctio1
Of capital goods II productivity Is tf
be enhanced and . higher standard q
welfare securely and progressively mains
tanned. ssssa.
Evening star., 1945-06-14

obligations In the handling Of lib
Grated British soldiers, and with
"enbarrassingly. hampering" the
work of British repatriation officers
in areas under Soviet control.
It is hardly possible. at this dis
tance, to attempt an evaluation of
these charges, although it is certain
that the Russian complaint against
this Government, to the extent that
1t implies any willful mishandling of
Soviet nationals. will not be credited
by the American people. It may be
said, however, that this inter- Allied
squabble is a most unbecoming one.
The military prisoners and the
slave workers have endured enough
without becoming pawns in a pro-
cess Of recrimination which, on the
face OF the matter, seems almost
childishly senseless.
Evening star., 1945-06-14

and report that you have defeated
the veto. But what will be your answer
when you are asked Where is the
charter"
The chairman OF the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee has not sought the
llmelight IN these long weeks Of con-
ference work. He has been more than
pleased to have credit to 60 to his Re-
publican colleague, Senator Arthur H.
Vandenberg Of Michigan, and to Re-
publican Comdr. Harold e. Stassen.
former Governor of Minnesota, for ad.
mirable work they have done on knotty
problems. His has been a long-ranse
view. No one knows better than Mr.,
Connally that Republican votes will be
a sina qua non when it comes to rati-
flcation by the Senate of the San Fran.
cisco treaty, providing for United States
adherence to the new United Nations
organization for world peace. The more
firmly Republican leaders are COM
inltted to this party treaty, the better
-or the United States and the world.
=
1t was with this idea firmly in mind
hat Mr.. Connally has sought for the
iaSt year and more to have the Repub-
acan members OF the Foreign Relations
Committee feel fully aware of the for.
eign policy Of the administration. He
insisted that the special subcommittee
which kept in constant touch with the
State Department, and the White House
regarding foreign policy, should be
bipartisan, with four Republican and
four Democratic Senators as its men,
bers. They, the Republicans were given
the same information IS the Demo-
Gratis. The result has been eminently
satisfactory. The United States dele
CATION at the conference has four con-
sressional members-two Republicans
and two Democrats, two members from
the Senate and two from the House.
They have worked in great harmony.
According to the latest reports from
Washington, President Truman Is hope
ful that the Senate will take up the
treaty almost Immediately after it has
been written. This means no let up in
Senator Connally's work. The Presi-
dent. will, 1t is reported, transmit the
treaty to the upper House without de-
lay. He wishes the United States to be
the first country, or one Of the first to
ratify.
The Texas Senator will have to begin
hearings Immediately before the For
eisn Relations Committee, II this pro-
gram Is to be carried out And when the
treaty has been reported to the Senate,
1t will be his duty to keep it moving.
Evening star., 1945-06-14

may be Identified as any young
American spending himself-his
youth, his labor, his blood-for free
dom. Some Of the boys were killed
in subsequent fighting. Two came
home to speak for the rest. But
what they said did not matter very
much. It is what they and their
comrades, living and dead, have
done and are doing that brighten
the stars and stripes of Old Glory.