davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12

nursing-2,O00 of them members of
the U. S. Cadet Nurse Corps
represent a 1876 per cent increase
over 1889, the article states. Mixed
schools admitting Negroes have in
creased from a prewar IA to 80.
Breaking down racial barriers in
existing schools is the most hope
full means to greater educational
opportunities for Negroes, the
authors believe, since the 80 schools
set up primarily for colored stu
dents usually cannot expand be-
cause of housing and clinical limita-
tions. One small school that can
admit only 25 students at time
had 800 applicants for one class,
Conference Called
To mobilize efforts to deal with
some of the basic problems, the
National Nursing Council called a
Conference on Nursing Education
at billiard University, New Orleans,
December 1 and 2, 1914, to which
were invited presidents and ad-
ministrative deans of Negro col
leges.
Results in some areas were
gratifying indeed" the Journal
article relates. Among the
presidents who evinced interest
in nursing was DR.. G. l.. Harri-
son of LangstOn University in
Oklahoma. A few weeks after
the conference, he requested con-
sultative service from the COun-
Gil, regarding means of develop
ing facilities for the education
of Negro nurses in his state. The
cOnsultant spoke before the APP
preparations Committee of the
State Legislature. Subsequently,
the Legislature appropriated
100000 for nursing education
facilities for Negroes in Okla
hOma."
Definite Progress
Recent definite progress made by
Negro nurses is due largely to war
pressures and to the coordinated
efforts for betterment centering in
the National Nursing Council, the
article says.
"There is no way of knowing
exactly how many Negro nurses
the nation needs" the article sums
up it's thesis, "and how many it
could and would keep employed
which are horses of very different
colors, indeed. The 5000 regis
tered Negro nurses in the United
States constitute only 2.9 per cent
of the total nurses in the nation,
as compared with 10 per cent of
the population that is Negro"
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Medical Colleges
Guilty of Race,
Religious Bias

New York-Systematic discrimi-
nation, on racial and religious
grounds, is being enforced by vir-
tually every medical school in the
United States, DR.. Frank Kingdom
former president of the University
of Newark and author of many
books on religious, educational and
social affairs, charged here last
week.
In an article, Discrimination in
Medical Colleges" based on the find
ings of a survey of the medical col
leges in this country and Canada
just completed, which appears in
the October American Mercury, DR.
Kingdom points out that the princi-
pal victims happen to be Jews, but
the undemocratic system also
strikes at other minority groups,
particularly Catholics, Italians and
Negroes.
Evidence of anti-Jewish discrim-
ination is overwhelming, writes DIR.
Kingdom, and he reports the follow
ing facts revealed by the survey:
. The number of Jewish students in
medical schools has been reduced
by roughly so per cent in the last
twenty years, although annual ap-
plications for entry by Jewish
Americans have not declined.
. Of total of $500 students en-
rolled annually in medical schools,
only between 500 and 600 are now
Jews.
. Every year the medical colleges
receive between $4,000 and 10000
applications from about $4,000 in,
dividual students. Medical officials
estimate that from 35 to so pei
cent of the appicants-that is, from
5000 to 7,O00-are Jewish. Of the
non-Jewish students, some 5000 are
admitted; of the Jewish applicants
only about 500 get in.
. Practically every medical college
asks the applicant for his race OF
religion or both.
DR.. Kingdom charges that the fol,
lowing medical schools have a rigiC
quota system denied in words but
applied in fact:
Yale University School of Medi-
cine
Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine
Harvard University Medical
School
Dartmouth College Medical
School
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons
Cornell University Medical Col
lege
University of Rochester School of
Medicine and Dentistry
Duke University School of Medi-
cine
Bowman Gray School of Medicine
of Wake Forest College, N. C.
| University of Virginia Depart
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12

Tomorrow" by Estelle Massey Rid
die and Josephine Nelson, staff
members of the National Nursing
Council for War Service, which will
be printed in the August issue of
the American Journal of Nursing,
"A recent survey shows that
rs voluntary hospitals in New
York City that never before, SO
far as is known, had done so,
now employ Negro nurses on
their staff" the article continues.
whereas before the war only
four of the hospitals in the city's
Department of Hospitals en-
ployed Negro nurses, they now
all do. The total is over one
thousand. While probably in
creases have not been as great
prOpOrtiOnally in other areas,
the trend toward greater employ
ment is nationwide"
Approximately 1900 Negro stu.
dents now enrolled in schools Of
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Richard Wright
Scheduled for ''U"
COnvOcatiOn Dec. 6

Richard Wright, noted author,
will be the University of Minnesota
convocation speaker on Thursday,
Dec. 8.
His subject will be "The Ameri-
can Negro Discovers Himself" "
Wright is author of the two best
sellers: "Native Son" and "Black
Boy"
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
ment of Medicine

ment of Medicine
Northwestern University School
of Medicine
Syracuse University College of
Medicine
Baylor University College of
Medicine
"Major medical colleges that
come closest to a non-quota policy
are unhappily few" reports DR..
Kingdom. "The Medical School of
New York University and the Uni
versity of Illinois School of Medi-
cine are the most important ex-
amples."
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Jerry Davis Gets
Federal Prison Term

Gerald Jerry" Davis, so, 622
Girard Ave. No., Minneapolis, Tues
day was sentenced to five years in
Leavenworth prison after a jury
found him guilty of transporting
his wife, Dolores, 25, interstate for
prostitution.
During the trial, the jury of II
men and one woman heard two
other girls, II and 10, testify he
seduced them.
The jury deliberated less than one
hour before returning a guilty YER
dict.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
OBSERVATIONS
IN DULUTH
CONTINUED from Page One)


when Mrs. Nichols told us that my
report on the trip to Washington
last month, which appeared in these
newspapers Sept. %, in Harry Nc
Alpin's column, "Uncovering Wash
ington," had been read at the Y. W.
c. A. workshop and members urged
to subscribe for the Recorder and
the Spokesman.
We did have very pleasant time
and got much needed rest while
in Duluth and l only mention the
following incident, because it gives
me the opportunity to mention the
good work of some other friends in
Duluth. In spite of our precaution
and great desire to steer clear of
any incident of race discrimination
on this trip, we found ourselves
faced with old James Crow (better
known as "Jim Crow') in ten min
utes after we had arrived in Duluth.
To make a long story short, the
owner of the first hotel we stayed
at, did let US take the room he had
told me that he had, when I called
from the station, but he "didn't
have it" five minutes later, when we
appeared at the hotel for the room.
Our vacation did get off to a bad
start, because no one wants to battle
on vacation. I called my friend,
DR.. Roy Burt, who was associate
pastor at the Wesley Church, Min
neapolis, three years ago and is now
pastor of a church in Duluth and he
came down to the hotel fighting
mad. On the second day we moved
from the first hotel to the Mckay
hotel, which is operated by John
Mcdonald, a truly fine Christian
gentleman. Everybody around this
hotel was simply lovely and we felt
under no strain at all there. 1
should mention the fact that the
owner of the first hotel seemed to
regret his first reaction to us and
invited US to come to his hotel any
time and he assured me that Ne
groes would have no difficulty Sc
curing accommodations in his hotel
in the future.
DR.. Burt, who is the chairman of
the new Inter-racial Council of Du-
luth, is planning to put the full
force of his organization behind
the fight to break down the practice
of discrimination in the hotels in
Duluth. He told me that he called
another hotel, when he was trying
to find place for US and that he
had been given a reservation for
US, only to have it cancelled when
the management learned that we
were not white. "Not only did the
hotel man cancel the reservation
when I told them that you were
Negroes, but he became insolent, !"
DR.. Burt declared.
came away from Duluth more
determined than ever to do every
thing possible to break down the
iniquitous practice of refusing to
give accommodations to Negroes
that is so very prevalent in many
hotels in Minnesota, most especially
in Duluth, Rochester, Minneapolis
and st. Paul. 1 propose to present
a plan for an all-out fight in the
matter to the next meeting of the
Executive Committee of the St. Paul
Branch of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People. Negroes are far from being
free from the unfairness of discrim-
ination in Bilbo's Mississippi and in
our own state of Minnesota!
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Discharged Men
Are Given Wurning
Aquinst F1eecers

Discharged servicemen with large
bankrolls passing through the Twin
Cities were warned by Army and
Navy officials this week against
carrying excess funds on them in
stead of mailing the money home.
The warning came after police
arrested two men and two women,
Tuesday, on complaint of two sol
diers who charged the women took
S14 and a watch from them at a
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12

north side apartment, after the ser
vicemen had picked them up in a
downtown hamburger shop.
Mary Higgins, 80, of 511 Seventh
Ave. No., and Elizabeth Pettiford,
%, of 604 Eighth Ave. No, were
the women.
Army officials at Fort Smelling
and Wold Chamberlain Field also
warned discharged servicemen
against picking up strangers, par
ticularly women, in bars and night
spots.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Curtis Williams Suffers
Injury in Hunting Mishap

injury III 1IUIIIIIIS N1IoIIdP
Curtis Williams, who lives at 715
Olson Blvd, was accidentally shot
last week by Jimmie Wilson, while
on a hunting trip in Holston, No.
Dakota. Reece Martin and Ben
Wilson were also on the trip.
One of the daily papers reported
that Jimmie and Ben were brothers.
They are not related.
Curtis got about 60 buck shots.
He was taken to DR.. w. D. Brown
for treatment.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Duluth
News
By Frances E. Watts
pinch Hitting for
Zillah M. Waters)

Mrs. George DOzier entertained
few friends in honor of Mr.
Dozier's homecoming from Waters
meet, Michigan. He is employed
by the D. M. 1. and R. railroad
DR.. and Mrs. George Mosby Of
Columbus, Ohio, were also guests
of honor. They have been visiting
the Doziers for the past month
The couple left Duluth last Mon
day.
Mrs. SidOnia Black has just re-
turned from a visit to the East
She visited her daughters, Vivian
Black of Kansas City, Kan, and
Merle Belle of Washington, D. c.
Louis Sykes was injured while
working at the Globe shipyard in
Superior, Wis, where he is an en-
ployee. Sykes, who sustained an
injury to his vertebrae, is recover
ing at his home.
Mr.. J. Brown, an employee of
Snyder's drugstore, is at home re-
covering from an injury sustained
while on the job.
Mrs., Zillah Waters, the regular
writer of this column, will be back
next week. She has just returned
home from a visit to Chicago.
The Rev. C. T. R. and Mrs. Mel.
son of st. Paul, were guests Of
Mr.. and Mrs. George Adams, lie
East Fifth St., last week. Rev
Nelson is pastor of Camphol
Methodist church in St. Paul.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Cox enter.
tanned at a farewell party for Mr.
and Mrs. Robert Lindsey, recently
The Lindseys have been residents
of Duluth for the past year and a
half while Mr.. Lindsey was an en-
ployee at the United States Steel
Corp.
Guests included Mr.. and Mrs. j
D. Cox, Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Lind
sey, Mrs. Belle Hyatt, Mrs. Leona
Kelley, Oscar Cox, Miss Mary Kel-
ley, and Miss Frances Watts.
Mrs. Mildred Hayes of Piney
Woods, Miss, has been visiting her
aunt, Mrs. Inez Lindsey, for the
past month. She will leave Sunday
for her home.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. Brown, Sr., H,
Brown, Jr., and Mr.. and Mrs
Moore, motored to Duluth, Sunday,
to spend the day. Mrs. H. Brown.
Jr., accompanied them back to St.
Paul.
Sgt. Robert Simmons, Jr., has
left for Camp Mccoy, Wis, to re-
ceive his honorable discharge from
the U. S. Army.
Mrs. Marie Glenn has returned
home from Miller Hospital.
Willis Light has been discharged
from the Army, and is with his
family in Lutsen, MINI.
Oscar Cox of Florence, Miss, has
returned to Duluth to reside.
Miss Marjorie Kelley, who re,
Gently underwent a tonsillectomy
has recovered. She is cadet nurse
at st. Mary's hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Rieley an,
nounce the birth Of a son at St
Luke's hospital. Both mother and
baby are doing fine.
Sgt. Marion McClintOn has ar
rived home on furlough from over
seas. He is the brother Of Mrs,
Lee Wiley.
Gossip: We all talk, and that
would be o. k. if we knew when to
stop! My friends, none of US is
perfect, so let US "judge not lest
we be judged" Let's think it over
the next time we get ready to
gossip.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Journdl of Nursing
Reviews Progress
Of Negro Nurses

NEW YORK - Undoubtedly
many more Negro nurses are now
being employed in both public and
private hospitals and agencies than
before the war;" declares an article,
"The Negro Nurse Looks Toward
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Harvey Moss Under Knife

Harvey Moss, 1904 46th Ave. So.,
who underwent an operation re-
Gently at Fairview Hospital for the
removal of a cataract from his
eye, is now ceAvalescing at his
home.
Mr.. Moss is U. S. postoffice en-
ployee.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12

National Fire Prevention Week,
October 2 to 13. Join with Junior
Association of Commerce save
lives and property keep down
fires.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12

Mr.. R. B. Lynch recently visited
his wife, who is now making her
home in New York.
St. Paul recorder., 1945-10-12
Deadline For
Church News
Tuesday Now

The deadline for church news is
now Tuesday of each week.
We will appreciate the continued
cooperation of the various faithful
church correspondents.
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
News Of The Silver Bow
Trades & Labor Council

Not much Of importance was brought
up in the Trades and Labor Council last
Tuesday, July 26th.
Brothers Cetstze and j. Cleavenhagen
were received as delegates to the council
from the Carpenters Union.
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28

cepts of the American way of life-a
free press-dovn into the mud and
mire."
"oh, come now, Pop, I'm the last one
to defend big business, But I don't think
it's mortal insult when the court says
the members of AP are out to make
money Just like any other businessmen" ."
But it is" insisted Mr.. Dilworth. Its
a shocking thing to say about an idealist
like Col, Mccormick who has devoted his
whole life to spreading light"
Little Luther snorted. "An the light
Bertie's spread you couldn't see from the
Tribune Tower on the blackest night of
the year" he said. Besides, if you're
so concerned about freedom, you ought
to be kicking your heels over this de-
cision. 1t means that AP has to sell
its service to a newspaper even if it does
compete with member like the Chicago
Tribune And you're in favor of compe-
tition-remember, Pop?"
IN its place, son, in its. place. But
we're talking about the larger issue of
whether the government can NEEDLE in
the activities of noble institution like
the AP. What has happened to the four
freedoms?"
isn't it pretty clear, Pop? Bertie's
gonna incorporate them and sell shares
only to those papers which have been
quoted by the Axis radio at least 10
times"
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
AP VERDICT ISA
PEOPLES VICTORY
BY TRAVIS X. HEDRICK

WASHINGTON. ~ Opp - Although
there is no bunting fluttering gaily from
the Tribune Tower in Chicago and pro-
prietors of most newspapers failed to
ring bells and toot trlmpets Of JOY. the
people won a great victory in the o. S.
Supreme Court June 10.
Even though the wealthy owners of
newspapers are in deep mourning, the
reading public cannot help but benefit
from the courts historic ruling in the
Associated Press case.
AP operates as a private club. Under
the AP bylaws a newspaper owner
holding AN AP franchise could, in effect,
blackbal the application of a competitor
and prevent him from receiving the AP
news report, photos and features
This situation Initiated the suit when
Marshall Field started the liberal Chicago
Sun as competitor to the Chicago Tri-
bune. Col Robert R. Mccormick, re-
dictionary publisher Of the Trib, black
balled the Suns application and the fat
was in the fire.
All of this had happened many times
previously, not only in Chicago, but in
many other cities where people desired
to start a newspaper to contest the rule
of an establishd journal to find that
they could not get AP.
There are other news services-the
/ - oil a
scripps-Ioward venture, and the Inter
national News Service. owned by william
Randolph Hearst-but neither of these
offers as complete and accurate report
as AP.
While the publishers use the lengthy
dissent of Justice Owen J. Roberts as a
wailing wall upon which to tear ont
their bleeding hearts over an imagined
threat to the freedom of the press jus
tice Huga L. Blacks majority opinion
went right to the heart of that issue,
as follows:
Member publishers of the AP are en-
gagged in business for profit exactly as ale
other businessmen who sell food steel
aluminium, or anything else people need
or want All are alike covered by the
Sherman (anti- -tlust) act. The fact that
the publisher handles news while others
handle food does not, as we Shall later
point out, afford the publisher a peculiar
constitutional sanctuary in which he can
with impunity violate laws regulating his
business practices"
Black also pointed out that although
AP is regulated by board of directors,
votes in the election of directors are not
equal. If an AP member holds AP bonds,
he gets an extra vote for each $25 worth.
And in 1912 it was found that 90 out
of l,247 AP members owned blocks Of
bonds of the face value of 81 900 or more,
totaling more than 500 Of the outstand-
ing bonds. SO AP is ruled by bondhold-
ers rather than a membership vote.
Actually the AP bylaws provide a
loophole for admission to membership by
an applicant who would be a competitor
to a present member The rule calls for
payment of IOe6 of all the assessments
received by AP from the old member
from the year 1900 to the date of the
applicants election. That alone would
amount to 81 ,432,142 in the New York
morning paper field and s416,63l in Chi
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28

caeo. Next he would be required to sur
render his present rights to exclusive
news and picture services if requested to
do 50 by the AP member and see that
these services are made available to him
on the same terms The third hurdle
calls for the applicant to receive a ma
iority vote of the regular members OF
Alp.
These regulations we're found to be
contracts in restraint Of commerce in
that they stiffle competition and Black
said the court believed APPS rules had
hindered and impeded the growth Of
competing newspapers.
Black answered the argument that to
apply the Sherman act to AP was an
abridgment of the freedom Of the press
by saying that 1T would be strange in
deed if the grave concern for freedom
of the press should be read as a
command that the government was with
out power to protect that freedom. The
First amendment. far from providing an
argument against application OF the
Sherman act, here provides powerful
reasons to the contrary. That amend
ment rests on the assumption that the
widest possible dissemination of infor-
nation from diverse and antagonistic
sources is essential to the welfare of the
public, that a free press is a condition
of a free society Freedom to publish
is guaranteed by the Constitution, but
freedom to combine to keep others from
publishing is not The First amendment
affords not the slightest support for the
contention that a combination to re-
strain trade in news and views has any
constitutional immunity"
APPS chains have been cut to help
assure a really free press.
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
@9L!l1TI1naa4Ep

"Ah, it's wonderful to know there's
one man left in this country ready to
battle for freedom of the press re
marked Mr.. Dilworth.
why, Pop, I didn't think you cared, ="
Little Luther said.
You bet I care-and so does Col. NC
Cornick. Did you see where he said
he'd appeal the Supreme Court decision
against the Associated Press to Con-
gress?"
you mean Berties gonna sic the new
Dies committee on the justices and find
out if they wear red flannels under those
long black nightgowns?"
II wouldn't be surprised if they did .
said Mr.. Dilworth righteOusly. They've
gone and dragged one Of the purest con-
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
Unfinished Business

The Electricians have sent a letter to
the Assembly to the effect that the same
condition for a settlement with the Lud-
wig garage exists.
The list of contractors and firms was
read to the Council, who are to receive
a copy of our unfair list and a few names
were added
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
News of Great Falls
Building Trades Council

Minutes of the Cascade County Trades
& Labor Assembly read and filed.
From the Springfield Building & Con
struction Trades Council, Springfield,
Mo, thanking us for our action in regard
TO the Ash Grove Lime and Portland
Cement Company of Kansas City, Mo.
Filed.
Acknowledgment from william Kline
and sons for flowers sent to funeral of
Mrs. Kline.
Telegram from Shoemaker & Evans
Construction co. asking if we can supply
go carpenters for federal housing project
at Ell Centro, Calf.
Notification of a meeting of those
crafts identified with the National
Building & Construction Trades Depart
ment and the state and local building
and construction trades councils, Thurs
day, July in Omaha, Nebr. Filed
From the Building & Construction
Trades department in reply to our letter
OF june o, 4StJs III WHICH, VIC ASHuNos~N
further information with reference to
the difficulties they are having with the
Board Of Review. Letter filed.
From Daniel V. Flanagan, western
representative, American Federation OF
Labor, enclosing pamphlet representing
the American Federation Of Labor
views and suggestions to the san Fran
cisco Conference for the amendment OF
the DumbartOn Oaks proposals. On mo-
ton the material was laid on the table
for the delegates to look over,
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
New Home Appliances
Are On the WaV

HELENA. Production Of $4,000 do
mestic washing machines has been pro-
grammed for the third quarter, although
permission to produce in excess Of the
program is granted only to the extent
that materials are available without pri-
critics assistance, WPB officials an
nounced today
Until the controlling order was recent
ly amended. manufacture Of domestic
washing machines, ironers and driers had
been prohibited since May 1912. Ironers
and driers are no longer subject to the
control of the order, but since materials
and components needed for production
of domestic laundry equipment will be
available in varying quantities and at
various times, it may be some time be-
fore all are in balance.
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
Renort Of Committees

The Soldiers committee reported at
tending the meeting last Tuesday eve
ming and that the delegation was small
and the business very light It con-
cerned mainly the matter of veterans
new hospital or addition at Fort Harri-
son.
The Key SHOP committee reported
calling on the proprietor in regard to
moving into an unfair building and he
gave the committee to understand that
he was in full sympathy with Mr.. Shu-
bat and that he knew the building was
unfair when he moved in. Motion made
and carried that we consider this shop
unfair as long as it remains in the build
ing.
Montana labor news., 1945-06-28
Report of Delegates

The Carpenters reported that the JOB
on fourth avenue south and 25th street
had been Strengthened UP to the salts
faction of all concerned. Motion made
and carried to concur in the Carpenters
action.
The Carpenters also reported that
from now on they will not issue any
permits except to their own members.