The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-04-03

NAby'
 veto council investigation, for ex- ample, of dispute involving two other countries? A. Yes.
 Can't Stop Own Investigation
 Q. For example, would Great Britain be able to veto council in- vestigation of dispute between Argentina and Brazil? A. Yes.
 o. Would Russia be able to keep a dispute between Poland and Czechoslovakia from being re- ferred to the world court? A. Yes.
 o. But neither Great Britain nor Russia, nor any of the other per- manent members, would be able to prevent investigation of a dis pute involving itself? A. No.
 Q. If Brazil and Argentina got into dispute which the United States did not want. the world council to investigate, could the United States prevent such an in- yestigation? A. Yes. And in the same way Russia could prevent a council investigation of a Roman ian-Bulgarian dispute, and Britain could prevent investigation of a Chinese-Indian dispute
 Q. What about a Russian Polish dispute? A. Russia could not pre- vent investigation by the council, but it could stop the council from taking any action against Russia to settle it. Likewise, the United States could not stop a council in- vestigation of a dispute between the United States and Argentina, but it could prevent the world council from taking diplomatic, economic or military steps against the United States to settle the dis pute.
 o. What about the third type of decision political decisions in- volving action to keep the peace? or an actual breach of the peace use of force or other enforcement measures such as breaking diplo- matic relations and applying eco- homie sanctions; approval of agreements for supplying the armed forces to be used by the council; matters relating to the regulation of armament; matters concerning the suspension and ex- pulsion of members, and the ad- mission of new members.
 Big 5 Holds Veto on Force
 Q. How would the council have to vote to do any of those things? of the six permanent members members, provided that always the five permanent members on the council were included among the seven.
 Q. Does that mean that the Big Five would always have to get two Of tn six non-permanent members to vote with it before it could take political action? A. Yes.
 o. Does it also mean that one oi the big powers could block the council from deciding that it (the big power) was threatening or hac broken the peace? A. Yes.
 Q. And that a big power like the United States or Russia could al- ways veto collective use of force against itself? A. Yes.
 o. Then the council can never deal with aggression by one of the big powers? A. That's right. In the words of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, there is nothing at all' in the CEimea voting formula te deal with aggression on the part o1 any of the Big Five.
 O. Doesn't that place the Biz Five in special position? A. Yes The contention is that they ar, the powers that have the force tt prevent aggression and, if peace i! to be preserved, it will be only through continued teamwork b, the great powers.
 Insures Unity
 @. Why is. it necessary for tn, pig powers to have such a vetO A. The official answer is that i will insure the unity of action O the great nations which is essen tlal if force is to be effectively used When you come to the use of fore, to prevent war, it is absolutely es sentlal that those who possess tn, force should be in agreement"
 Q. What would happen if tn formula allowed the council to vot to apply economic sanctions O military force against one of tn big members? A. United State oftlcials recognize that it would b possible in theory to do this. Il practice, they say, it would cer ta1nly result in a major war an, the purpose of the organization to prevent war-would have bee lost.
 o. Just what is the purpose c this organization, then? A. Tn main job of the world organiza ton will be the creation of tn right conditions for peace, plus tn task of preventing disputes, whe, they do occur, from developin into wars. e. Is the veto power of the couu cil desired by all the big powers A. Yes. Even American offlcial feel that the Senate might nc ratify treaty for the organiza tion if the United States delegat were to be forbidden to vote matters involving this country vital interests.