davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
British Advance Thirty Five Miles
NewCabinet Formed By japanese
Mustangs in
Attack on
Tokyo

\ new japanese war cabinet was
born today as bombs from more
than 500 fighter-escorted Super
forts rained on Tokyo making the
vars greatest land-based air raid
on Japan and uShering in new
phase Of the air war which flared
suddenly the entire length OF the
Western Pacific.
The air raid temporarily inter
rupted the formation OF Japan
third wartime government. but be
fore the day was out Adm. Baron
kantaro Suzuki finished the job.
retaining rof himself the premier
ship foreign ministry, and Greater
East Asia ministry.
Mustang fighters from newly con
quired Two Jima joined the b 99s
for the first time. The very large
task force struck simultaneously
shortly before noon, At aircraft
plants in Tokyo and Nagoya.
Planes Shot Down
south OF ia lan $50 japanese
planes were s, OF down as they
made their first heavy counterat-
tack against American naval and
land forces Invading the Ryukyu
islands. The attack continued
through Thursday night and FRI
day and may still be under way to-
day.
Some L. :. ships were damaged.
Farther south - Japanese mer-
chant ships were wrecked by Phil
ippines-based bombers raiding the
China coast from Formosa south
OF Hong Kong which was heavily
hit for the third successive day.
1t was the same old story OF
American advances on Okinawa IN
the Ryukyu chain, but 1t. Gen.
Simon b. Bucknere, Jr.. warned his
Tenth Army forces TO be ready for
heavy Japanese counterattacks.
Marines Advance
In Okinawa land action Marines
advanced another three miles
northward virtually unhampered
and sealed up so Nipponese caves
on q nearby islet invaded the pre-
ro&sins<s-A .<saesssipasb slfa -<Ssik'
Henth Division rolled down the east
coast over hastily constructed. In
complete road BLOCKS and the first
concrete Notifications encountered
on Okinawa.
SuzukFs new cabinet includes
Adm. Mitsumasa Iona.
Adm. Mitsumasa Yonai remains
as Navy minister in Japan's new
war cabinet. Gen. Korechika Anaml
director General OF army aviation
headquarters, was named war min
lister.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
lndustriialists
Discuss New
ak Measures

Ga. q, : & r. : r ~
Tax pfobiens we're discussed ny
manufacturer in a Board OF Com.
merce dinner meeting Friday eve
ming. Speakers we're John Loyett
Michigan Industrial representative,
and Rep. Joseph Il. Warner.
From the taxpayers standpoint,
said Mr.. Lovett, II would seem best
that the state should be In bad H.
nancial condition, During years
OF stress there has seemed TO be
more attention TO economic proce-
dure. Present balances show big
sums on hand, yet there are numer-
Gus bills proposing new ways to
raise more money.
As an example, Mr.. Lovett cited
proposed legislation for increase
in social security benefits from 20
weeks at $50, to rs weeks at SIS.
and some have suggested as much
at So weeks at s35 per week. There
Is movement, too. he said, TO
modify the merit plan so that the
employer. who furnishes steady en-
ployment and therefore has no
claims for social security aid. will
pay just as large a percentage as
factories having frequent labor
turnover.
An outstanding fault in social
security consideration. Mr.. Loyett
said. Is provision for payment to
workers who prefer idleness. IL
is unfair he said, TO provide the
same relief for such men and WON
en- as is provided for those who
wish to work but may be unable to
find employment.
Pointing out heavy demands for
o.
See INDUSTRY Page ;
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Gordon Packard Has
Temporary Position

Gordon Packard. ll12 Lincoln
St. Ann Arbor, IS acting manager
OF the United States Employment
Service until a permanent manag-
er is appointed by the Detroit Of
flee. Mr.. Packard has been asso-
ciated with the Ypsilanti office
since 1889
Starting in employment work in
June. 1898, in Detroit. he was trans
ferred to Ann Arbor for short
while prior to coming to this city.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Fire Survey
to be Made

Forty fire inspectors and en-.
gineers representing the Michigan
Fire Prevention Association vii,
invade Ypsilanu Wednesday To
make periodical check OF bust.
ness property and public buildings.
Industrial plants. it is explained.
are under regular and continuous
inspections under another branch
OF the association.
Emmett T. Cox. Field officer
from the Western Actuarial Bureau.
Chicago. will be present 10 speak
at the regular meeting Of the XII
wants Club and will also be SEIZED
uled for appearances az Roosevelt
and Ypsilanti High Schools. MIR
Cox was formerly director Of edu-
cation OF the Indiana state fire
marshalrs office and is regarded
as leader in fire prevention work.
Inspectors and engineers calling
to inspect business properties will
be accompanied by members % 10
cal troops Of tho Boy Scouts for
the purpose Of educating the boys
in fire prevention work. The visit
Of these men is under the supervis.
ion Of Fire Chief James Dignan and
Laurence ~. Thomas. chairman OF
the fire prevention committee OF
the Board OF Commerce.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
lndustryHas
New Contract

The Ypsilanti Machine and Tool
Company announced today that
a contract for precision electrical
equipment has been renewed until
July. 1916. The value of the new
contract is $5S4,000. In addition
to this contract, which is sublet
by another concern, the company
accepted a contract for $4,000
worth Of precision machinery.
Value Of contracts now being
filled by the firm is nearly $1,000
900.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Reports Given
to Red Cross

Quarterly reports were given at
the meeting of the Ypsilanti Red
Cross Chairman Friday noon at
the Legion home. Mrs. owen
Cleary. chairman OF the volunteer
services, conducted the meeting.
Mrs. r. A. Weir said 81 women
are at present enrolled in Home
Nursing, The classes meeting in
the Adult Education rooms at Up
silanti High School.
Mrs. Robert Wizard, chairman Of
surgical dressings, reported that
no dressings had been made since
January and that there will be
none until further notice.
Mrs. William Crittenden, chair
man Of sewing productions, report
ed that in three months 81 women
had given 433 hours.
Mrs. W. W. Snyder reported five
staff assistance corps members
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

Washington, Apr. up - The
stage was set today for the L. ).
delegation to the San Francis, y
conference to begin considering the
eight amendments to the Dunbar
ton Oaks plan offered by Sen. Ar
thur H. vandenberg, r.. Mich.
- afteps ~ neleseSy sizssst.s
Ing R6f Fhternatfonsf 5urists opens
Monday morning, Secretary of
State Edward X. Stettinius, Jr..
will begin 10 days OF almost con-
tinuous skull" sessions with the
other six American delegates.
The objective will be TO get
agreement among the delegates on
the various issues that will require
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

BAD ORB PRISON CAMP. Ger.
manq-lNS-Gaunt and emaciated,
some Of them too weak 10 walk
without aid-3,iO0 liberated Aher-
lean prisoners eagerly watched
scores OF huge trucks roll up to
carry them back to an alrfield
where transport planes waited to
take them out OF this reeking hell.
This had been their jail since Mar.
shall Won Rundstedt's Belgian
breakthrOugh last December.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
U. S. WEATHER FORECAST

Lower Michigan: Fair and mild
temperatures tonight and Sunday.
Highest temperature yesterday
55AloMest 80.
Highest temperature one year
ago today, 81. lowest, 40.
Highest temperature this date In
last ~ years, 81 in 1929; lowest %
in 1896.
The sun sets today at s:0l p. m.
and rises Sunday at 1903 a. m.
The moon sets today at 2:13 p.
m. and rises Sunday at $40 r. m.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

cept clothing and we must remind
our ipsilanti people that the need
is genuine and serious. This drive
must not be confused with a To-
-eal rummage sale. America will
attempt TO help a whole continent.
We must actually share clothing
with these people"
Mr.. Speer asks that all church So
cieties rally to this effort by organ
izing phone service to remind their
members. April s to Is is the week
set aside for volunteer efforts by
all OF the people. Next week cloth
ing should be sent TO the schools.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Flashes of
Late News

NEWARK, y. J.-AP-Counsel
Tor Armand Roblchaud OF Glen.
ridge. wanted in Michigan on charg-
es Of conspiracy to attempt bribery
OF members Of the 1889 Michigan
legislature, said today he had ap-
piled to the New Jersey supreme
court for a writ to halt Robichaud's
extradition.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Clothing May be
Taken to Church

Rev Gordon Speer. chairman Of
the committee on Church coopera-
ton with the United National Clio
thing Collection urges residents
to take good used clothing to
church with them Sunday and save
one trip. 1--WE must rely upon
the people TO bring this clothing
in to the depots," said Rev. Speer
All churches and schools will &C.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
AUCTION CALENDAR

TUESDAY, APRIL 24th-st 1900
o'clock. 2 miles south Of Ann
Arbor at 1895 State Street Road
or mile north OF Ann Arbor
Airport. Jacob April, Proprietor.
Guy 2. Thompson, Clerk. Adv. 423
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
They Give Their All

Los Angeles, Apr. 7-AP-Mem.
bers Of the Los Angeles Lions Club
waxed enthusiastic at United Ma
tons clothing collection luncheon
and began contributing the clothes
they stood in.
Nine OF them-including c. T.
Trillingham. county school super
intendent; Ira J. Mcdonald, City
councilman. and Oral d. Cloakey.
chairman Of the drive-wound up
clad only in barrels which a
thoughtful arrangements commit
tee had provided.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
No Grab

Lansing, Apr. 7--AP-Goyernor
Kelly has told rural Republican
legislators there is to be no grab"
in this session of the legislature
and that a 100000 grant for
county roads, II passed, must be
deducted from any other state
aid to county government.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Congress Today

CRy Associated Press)
Senate and House
In recess until Monday.
Senate Judiciary Committee in.
vestigates sale Of government in
terest in Nashville, Tennessee Ill
a. M.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07
Becomes Law

Lansing, Apr. 7--AP-Goyernor
Kelly signed into law Friday bill
giving the commissioner Of agri.
culture authority to compel the de-
struction Of infected or infested
trees, shrubs and plants or to quar-
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

upon their individual needs. Chill
dren OF all ages who have not been
successfully vaccinated for small
po1 in the last FIVE years will be
vaccinated. Local physicians will
do the work DIN the clinics
This year fewer clinics are be
ing held. Parents may be asked 10
transport township school children
TO the village or larger schools
where clinics are scheduled.
The clinic schedule is as follows:
An times are Eastern War Time.
April 10. Manchester. a. m
April II, Rawsonyille. , a. m;
April Is. Milan. 3 a. m;
April IS. Dexter. a. m.
April 10. Chelsea. 3 a. m.
April %. Whitmore lake. Q M.
April %. Willow Run. Q a. m;
April %, Willow Run. ga. m;
April p. Willow Run, 9 a. m.
April 30. Willow Run. 9 a. m:
Nprti 50. Salem, Q a. m
May !. Plat. a. m.
May J.. Pittsneld. p. m .
MAY 2, Begole. a. m,
May 2. Mooreville $50 a m;
May ?, Fritz. a. m
May (. Stone. . a. m.
May $, Saline, q. m.
Ypsilanti
April Is. Rackham. . D. m;
April Is. s.. John. q. IN,
April H. Central a. M. and !
p. m.
April rs. Prospect, a m. and
I p. m.
April 10. Harriet. 2 a. m;
April 90. Woodruff. . a. m.
May 1G Lincoln. 1890 a. m;
Hay o. Lincoln, 100 p. m.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

Notice-Lady who took wrong coat
from Ambassador Lunch please re-
turn same and get her own.
ADV. f07
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

OTTAWA -AP- The Canadian
governments conscription policy
was under sharp attack today as
opposition members centered a
parliamentary offensive against
the fact that there are $4,000
troops absent without leave in
Canada. The Progressive Conser-
vatiye opposition members. oharg'
ing that the government OF Prime
Minister w. l.. Mackenzie King
had not provided equality of sac
rifice" in its manpower policies,
emphasized government figures
showing higher percentage of alb
sentees from French-speaking Que
bee than from other provinces.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

HOLLYWOOD -AP- Film Ac-
tress Barbara Britton and DR.. E. J.
Czukor. her physician and bust
ness manager. were married quiet.
ly and without previous announce
ment at a Methodist church in
nearby Glendale Monday, her stu
do has disclosed. II was the
first marriage for each.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

WASHINGTON UP-Congres
sional consideration of compulsory
peacetime training for American
youth has been postponed until
summer at the request OF the State
Department. it was learned today.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

WASHINGTON - UP With a
hlistering attack on OPA 'ineffic'
iency," Sen. Burton X. Wheeler
D., Mont, demanded today that the
FBI take over the drive against
the "flourishing" food black mar.
ket He said black markets and red
point rings were operating so op-
emily and brazenly' in major cities
like New York and Pittsburgh that
there were only two conclusions;
!, ..f..itier .iissxssis .iRsifisienex NJ. sths
COZ Al local Off es q focaf bfffces
ARE involved in the black market
operations
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

See LEGISLATURE-Page 5
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

WASHINGTON-lNS- Soft coal
operators, unwilling to be charged
with breaking off negotiations.
planned perfunctory meeting to-
day with the United Mine Workers
and then a report to the War Labor
Board that the l9ij wage parley
Is deadlocked. Although to all prac.
tical purposes the negotiations have
collapsed. the mine owners decided
TO attend today's 10 a. m. EWT,
bargaining session with the UNIV
after the WLB set $3.50 p. M. as the
time for report from the parties
on the status OF the wage confer
ence.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

Los ANGELES -AP- A lone
man will sit in the jury box with IL
women to hear the retrial OF Joan
Berry's paternity suit against
Charlie Chaplin. The man, Cecil
A. Croxen, formerly OF Oshkosh,
Wis, and the women have been
sworn in and will begin hearing
testimony Monday in the new trial
of the case which ended in jury
disagreement last January.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

JOLIET, Ill.--INS-Production Of
tetryl at the Kankakee ordnance
works near Joliet was halted to-
day as the result OF an explosion
yesterday. Cause Of the blast, which
completely wrecked the tetryl pack
ing house. and damaged another
building. was undetermined, accord
ing to Col. Byron Rife of the ord
nance works.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

See EURoPE-Psge 5
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

LONDON -AP- President Ed
uard Benes announced today the
formation OF a new Czechoslovah
government, designed to obtain
the strongest support from Mos
COW, and headed by Zdanko Fier-
linger, former ambassador to Rus
sia, as premier.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

See INDUSTRY Page 5
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

LONDON-IN Southern Eng
land has been free of Nazi w rock.
ct attacks for nine consecutive
days, the British defense ministry
: disclosed today. Military observers
expressed the opinion that Nazis
remaining in the northern Holland
pocket, rapidly being closed by
British and Canadian troops, had
exhausted their supply OF the weap-
ons.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

See RED CROSS-Page 5
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

American decisions at the confer
ence, which begins April %.
A.,.A.A- r.x.A.L
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

NESTFlELD, y. J.--lNS-- Re-
signing in a body the Westfield
Price and Ration Board admon-
ished the town OF 10000 today to
wake up and get over the idea
that price control is a necessary
evil Of war time. TOO many people
are willing to pay prices over the
ceiling to get what they want" the
loard stated in its resignation.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-07

CHICAGO INS-Mystery OF the
missing semi-trailer truck carrying
nearly ten tons of butter from Fail
City. Neb., to Boston, Mass, was
solved today in part. The vehicle,
with its cargo virtually intact, was
located at the McHugh service sta
ton in Chicago where 1t had been
abandoned by two young men on
March 20.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-04
BY BETTY SLOAN

a CLEVER idea in loung-
~ ing clothes was launched
recently at a debut of SO.
phisticated little coats"
Chic, glamorouS coats to
wear as the top of lounging
pajamas for dinner al home,
or as an evening jacket over
a dinner dress. They are
sensible and fun. too, to suit
your every mood. You'll
feel like a quick-change ar.
tist, wearing one for quiet
evenings of relaxation at
your own fireside, or for
festive evenings out on the
town.
The coats have all the ele-
gance which belongs to this
first postwar fashion sea
son. Among the models
are black and bright colored
tunic coats of rustling
faille, crepe romaine, ben
galine and soft wool. Ex-
quisitely designed with
beautiful trimmings of EN-.
broidery, sequins, jewels
and hand painting. All
have dressmaker touches in
rounded peplum S, tiny
waists, shirred yokes and
backs, and graceful sleeves.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-04
FurS

MOTE on furs: never hang
~ them in the sun Shake
them and air them either i'm
an open, sunless window, OF
on a porch, or on hangers
on the clotheslinc. Do not
beat them, or let sun or
other heat get to them be.
cause this dries out the
skins, making them shed,
crumble and in other ways
90 TO pieces.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-04
Chinese Influence

ONE hip-length coat with
- a Madame Chang -KaiF
Shek Influence was Of SHIN
H4eFing aqua faille with lit
tie standing collar and Sits
at either side, sclf-frogs
fastened snugly across the
chest and with trim of
iuchSia beads and Scquins.
Another very feminine
coat was made of sheer
black net with tiny turnover
collar. worn over a one. piece
pajama. Very alluring for
your romantic moments at
home. Your beau will love
Il, too, worn over a black
sheath for an evening at the
theatre or dancing.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-04
Whimsical Touch

FEATURED with these
coats for evenings at
home were relaxation slip
pers which look like ballet
slippers. They come in a
variety of colors. including
black, red, blue, lime, green,
yellow, fuchsia, brown and
white.
Other house slippers
you will like with these
lounging clothes are the
new felt and rayOn models
with panolene soles. They're
designed TO lift your feet a
cushioned inch off the floor;
embroidered in various de
signs and colors, they are
good looking and wonder
fully comfortable.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-11-09

housing
Aside from normal repairs and
improvements there are other
thousands of dwellings which can
be saved from further deterior-
alton by modernization. The u.
S. Housing Census of 1910 show
ed that of 27,723.000 non-farm
dwelling units on which reports
were received, l4.2 percent, or
more than 3,935.000 were in need
of major repairs.
This is a vast potential mar
ket for supplies an dequipment.
a second outlet for investments
Snd a fruitful field for employ
ment,' Mr.. Pate said. 1T has
been estimated that property and
improvements and repairs in the
first IL months after restrictions
we're removed will amount to
around three billion dollars.
Persons seeking property i'm
provement loans apply directly
to qualified financial institu-
tons. or through a material deal
er or contractor. They are per-
sonal credit loans. based on the
character and credit of the Dor
rover, and the fnuds are advanc-
ed if the loan is for an eligible
purpose under the law.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-11-09

iven when he was shot down
by enemy flax over Abbeville,
France on Aug. 8, 1914.
The citation accompanying the
Air Medal read:
in recognition of meritorious
achievement while participating
n aerial flights in the European
Theater of Operations and hav-
ng completed the required num-
Ner of ooerational sorties against
the enemy"
4.ecen1y discharged under the
ocint system at Brookley Field,
former Sgt. and Mrs. Curtis re-
side at 1903 Van Lee Circle in
Mobile.
The young soldier spent many
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-11-09
FILA State Director Tells Of Loans
Now Available For Home Repairs

Pre-war financing facilities
under the FILA program are again
available to Mississippi home
owners who postponed repair, inn
provement or modernization of
their properties because of war
time restrictions. Director w. T.
Pate of the Federal Housing Adj
ministration pointed out.
All restrictions oh loans for re-
pairs and improvements were re-
moved and all limitations on the
use of materials for such pur-
poses were lifted on October is.
This means. Mr.. Pate declared.
that qualified lending institu-
tons now a resume making
loans under the peacetime ragu-
lations of FHA's Title | opera
tions. Such loans may be for
a maximum of $4,000 and run
for a minimum of three years,
AtPdJdbiC III mummy liotdll-
ments.
More than 5000, 600 property
Improvements loans. made by
qualified private lenders and
amounting to more than two bill
lion dollars, have been insured
by the FILA.
Normal modernization and re-
pair Of homes were of necessity
eurtailcd during the war period
because of the need for man
power and materials to produce
the weapons which enabled our
fighting forces and those of Our
allies to triumph on the battle
field," Mr. Pate said.
Nov they can be made. There
are thousands of we'll construct
ed homes in good neighborhoods
that need repairs to maintain the
investment in them. Such work
is vitallv important To preserve
the present housing inventory
since it may be some time be-
fore new construction can catch
UP with the demand for new
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-11-09
Moss Point Presbyterian

Circle One met in the home
of Mrs. A. ]. Welch on Monday
afternoon. Mrs. Mary 7. Greg
DRY led the devotional, Mrs. J. J.
Mcintosh led the program, the
subject, when Should | Say So
A business meeting was held fol-
lowed by a social hour. The
hostess served refreshments to
the twelve members present.
Circle Two met in the home
of Miss Halle Herring on Mon
day afternoon. Plans YER made
for the apron sale Friday and
Saturday and members appoint
ed to serve at certain hours dur
ing the two DAYS.
Mrs. r. V. Shields led the
program when Should I Say So
and the devotional when At A
Time Like This" A social hour
was enjoyed and the hostess
served ambroSia and fruit cake
. lhe twelSe members present
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-11-09

1t was the second time the
Third Fleet was hit by a yphoon.
On Dec. 10, 1914, the desttoyers
Monaghan. Hull and Spence were
sunk by a storm between the
Philippines and the Marianas.