davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22
Profit Fixing

After asserting that fact-fnding
commission must have access to the
books of company so that it can
determine the ability of the employ
err to pay a wage increase where
such ability is in question, President
Truman, in his recent statement,
went on to say: This does not mean
that the Government or it's fact
finding board is going to endeavor
to Ak rate of return for the en-
ployer. 1t does mean, however, that
since wages are paid out of earnings,
the question of earnings is relevant"
Why is it relevant? It is relevant
because a fact-finding commission
must proceed approximately along
these lines: A union asks for a GER
tain wage increase. The employer
says he cannot afford to grant it.
So the commission examines the
employers profit position and, de-
pending on what it is, concludes
that he can grant all or specified
part of the requested increase.
Obviously, in order to do this, the
commission must act on the basis
of its own opinion as to the proper
share of profits to be retained by the
employer, and If the latter accepts
the commissions recommendation,
his rate of return, in practical effect,
is being fixed by the Government.
This seems so self-evident that it
is rather surprising that the Presi-
dent should have disclaimed it. It
may be technically true that fact
finding commissions will not "en-
deavor" to fix rates of return, for
their objective will be to determine
the proper size of the wage increase.
But, whatever the intent, one in
evitable result is to fix or limit the
employers rate of return, and moth
ing is to be gained by refusing to
face the fact of that consequence
merely because it may have dis
tasteful connotations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

American and other financial help
remains remote. General Marshall's
mission will not of itself change the
situation. Fundamentally, If there
is to be any real improvement, the
Chinese themselves must recognize
that the sooner they stop their in
ternal conflict, the sooner will they
begin serving not merely their own
peace and material well-being but
the peace and material well-being of
all Asia and the world as well.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22
Stain Reuppeurs

Marshal Stains return to his desk
In the Kremlin sets at rest the Wild
est crop of rumors that the con-
temporary world has seen, with the
possible exception of the rumor crop
concerning Hitler's fate. Every con-
ceivable Surmise was publicized.
Stain was sick. Stain had nervous
breakdown. Stain had been deposed
by the Politbureau. Stain was doing
the "sulky Achilles" stunt as clever
diplomatic maneuver. Stain was
dead. France added a characteristic
touch by guessing that Stain had
been shot and seriously wounded by
q Tilted and temperamental actress.
Now we learn from no less an
authority than our Ambassador, w.
Averell Hartman, that Stain clocks
very well, even better than when I
saw him at the end of October. He
has a fine tan" Mr.. Hartman refers
to the visit he paid Stain at the lat
ter's Black Sea residence at a health
resort renowned for it's mild climate
and warm sunshine. Apparently,
Stain has returned to Moscow from
a nearly three months vacation, re-
freshed and reinvigorated. Inciden-
tally, he did so on the eve Of his
sixty-sixth birthday. which shows
that the Marshal is getting on in
years, albeit that may be Offset by
his proverbially tough Georgian
constitution.
Although Stains return may be
variously interpreted, the presump-
ton is that he has resumed full con-
troll over the Soviet ship of state.
That role is dictatorial one, which
means that all important decisions
must have his assent. The logical
inference is that Soviet diplomacy
takes seriously the current meeting
of the big Three" foreign ministers
and is ready to talk business in a
definitive way. If the policy makers
of the Soviet Union had decided to
stand absolutely pat even though
this implied an indefinite prolonga-
ton of the deadlock between Russia
and the western powers which has
subsisted ever since the breakdown
of the Foreign Ministers Conference
in London last September, the clever
thing would have been for Stain to
remain in his Black Sea resort. This
would have enabled Molotov to have
disclaimed ability to depart from the
rigid instructions he had alleged In
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22
This Changing World
By Constantine Broyn

Whether the question of Russia's ter
ritorial claims on Turkey was actually
brought up at the conference of for
eign ministers in Moscow is impossible
TO say because the secrecy which sur
factual news from reaching the outside
world.
1t is known, however, that when this
matter was raised by both President
Truman and Prime Minister Attlee at
Potsdam last August, Premier Stain
refused to discuss 1t. Russia's military
political preparations in the Near and
Middle East had not been completed
yet.
The fact that the government con-
trolled Russian press, which never
breaks" any important news or sug-
gestions on international affairs with
out the approval of the Kremlin, pub
lished stories about Turkey lends Gre
dence to the report that Foreign Com
missar Molotov feels that he is in a
position to revive the question of
Turkey with the other two major
powers.
The U. S. S. r. is said to feel confident
after the Azerbaijan incident" when
the other two guarantors of Trans ter
ritorial integrity confined themselves
to mere protests-that similar action
against Turkey will meet only vocal
opposition from the United States and
Great Britain. The United States is
so interested in international Coop
Grafton based on strong ties with the
is. S. r. that it Is not likely to stick its
neck out to defend the territorial in.
tegrity Of Turkey, which like Iran is
a member of the United Nations Or
ganization.
If anything happens in that area, as
the Soviet press indicated this week,
the American Government will sug-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22
Legendary Patton

Inc world which thrilled to the
rough-and-tumble victories of Gen.
eral Patton in his sweep across the
sands of North Africa and his daring
thrusts across France and eastward
into Czechoslovakia now grieves that
he has lost his final battle. The
rugged, fighting heart which in
spired his men to perform seemingly
superhuman featS and which struck
terror through the ranks and even
into the high command of the Ger
man Army performed valiantly UNI
der its most crucial test, but its
owner was facing an adversary more
dangerous than a Rommel or Run
stedt. A Rommel. to the fabulous
Patton, was foe whose strategy
and tactics could be analysed and
countered. 1t was typical of the
irrepreSsible American general that
at one critical phase of the African
campaign he announced his hope
that he and Rommel could meet
face to face in their personal tanks
for an about slugging match. He
had no fear of meeting in open COM
bat any orthodox enemy, but his last
battle was against new kind of
enemy whose inroads were not to be
stayed, despite the generals best
efforts.
General Patton's place in history
will be a very special one. Biogra-
pliers and historians will have no
dearth of colorful material out of
which to fashion their accounts of
this outstanding warrior. Their
problem will be to separate fact from
legend. They will find, no doubt,
that some of the facts about this
man are so incredible as to seem
legendary, and that some of the
almost incredible legends have a real
basis in fact. General Patton was
that sort of person. He was given
to doing the unusual, to speaking
out of turn, to confounding friend
as well as enemy. 1t was, as mat
ter of fact, this mercurial nature
that made him the most feared of
American field commanders &C
cording to high German officers who
were interviewed after their sur
render. Where Is Patton? Where
will he strike next?" were the anx-
iouS cries of the Nazi high command
when the Third Army, on occasion,
was lying low. But once he struck,
there was no doubt as to his where
abouts. He was in the forefront of
his rampaging armor, urging his
men to even greater speed and to
greater accomplishments. Be it leg
end or fact, it is said of him that
when his men hesitated at crossing
the Sure River, the general plunged
into the stream and swan across
himself, to show how it could be
done. He could be tough-and he
could be tender when occasion re-
quired. Several correspondents have
told of seeing him weep unashamedly
when confronted with the death of
friend or when decorating wounded
hero. Upon being decorated him
self with a second Distinguished
Service Medal he thanked not the
officer who pinned it on him but his
men, who, he declared, had won the
medal for him. Some of his friends
say that his greatest ambition was
to win the Nations highest award
for valor, the Congressional Medal
of Honor. Certainly, if only half of
the deeds of heroism in combat at
tributed to General Patton are true,
no commander in World War II was
more entitled to the coveted honor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

London as the reason for his in
transigent attitude there.
All this does not necessarily mean
that Moscow is in yielding mood.
But it does open up the possibility of
agreements on more than "take-
it-or-leave-it" basis from the Rus
sian side.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22
And Quit Complaining!
From the Detroit Free Press.

What we need is q greater apprecia-
ton Of our country and its wondrous
possibilities for the future. If every
citizen Of the United States could visit
the war-torn countries of Europe, see
something OF China, Japan, India and
the Western Pacific areas, study wages
and living conditions under socialism In
England and have an uncensored look at
life in Russia most of our troubles would
seem so ridiculously trivial by COMPARE
son that the Nation might call of its
postwar jag and get back to work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

Peace has its tragedies no less
than war. For instance, eventually
there will come a time when there
will be no CT Joes who care enough
about brass" to grippe about it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

1t is said that there are no fewer
than 2,1OO different species of car
rots. Many of us are completely
satisfied with one and some with
even fewer than that.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

1t is easy to believe in progress
until one remembers juke boxes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-22

aDickians assemble on the t,penty-second
day of December.")
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Five Officers, II Men
Killed in Alaska in
Crash Of ATC Plane

BY the Associated Press.
ANCHORAGE, Alaska, Oct. 23.-
The Army's Alaskan Department
announced yesterday that II en-
listed men from Aleutians bases and
five officers were killed Sunday night
when an Air Transport Command
CAT crashed in a swamp 2lla miles
southwest of Elmendorf Field.
The soldiers were en- route home
for re-deployment or discharge.
The officers included the planes
pilot and co-pilot, attached to the
54th Troop Carrier Squadron.
The plane left Cold Bay Sunday
evening on the final leg of a fight
from Adak and approached Elmen-
dorf Field for landing shortly after
10 o'clock. 1t made a pass at the
field, then circled for a new at
tempt to land, and field observers
said 1t apparently was caught in the
updraft of a williwaw wind and
scraped the tops of some cottonwood
trees.
1t hurtled nose-frst into the
swamp, and the front end of the
plane exploded, mutilating the
bodies beyond recognition. The tail
portion, stripped off, remained in
tact.
Several families, expecting men
home from the Aleutians Sunday
frantically attempted to learn
identities of the victims, but the
Army said no list would be available
until a copy of the planes mani
fest arrives and next of kin are
notified.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Russell Says Poles, Reds
Are Exfermindfing Germans
sy tho Associated Press.

Sy tho Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 23.-Bertrand Rus
sell, British philosopher-mathema-
tician, asserted today that Britain's
Allies were making IAN apparently
deliberate attempt to ex-
terminate many millions of Ger
mans" through mass deportations.
He named specifically only Russia
and Poland. =
Russell said in a letter to the
Times that the Allied policy In
Eastern Europe was to kill Germans
mot by gas but by depriving them
of their homes and food, leaving
them to die by slow and agonizing
starvation"
"Our Allies should know" he
added. that British friendship may
well be alienated by the continua-
ton of this policy" -
He said the Potsdam agreement
had decreed that "expulsions sof
Germans should be carried out tn
"a humane and orderly manner. !"
but 'this proviso has not been car
ried out by our Russian and Polish
Allies" 81
He said mass deportations were
among the crimes charged against
Nazi leaders in the Nuremberg in
dictments, and asked: .
care mass deportations crimes
when committed by our enemies
during a war and justifiable meas
ures or social adjustment when car
ried out by our Allies in time Of
| peace?" - -
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Il, 900 Jops Reported
Still Hiding in Luzon
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MANILA, Oct. 23.-Fifteen thou
sand Japanese soldiers are still
roaming the mountains bordering
Luzons eastern Cagayan Valley
Congressman Leion Cabarroguis- OF
Nueva vizcaya Province reported
today.
The Filipino legislator said the
Japanese are willing to surrender to
Americans, but not to Filipinos.
They live by raiding farms for
produce.
Cabarroguis said his constituents
had reported that Gen. Artemio
Ricarte, Filipino exile who lived in
Yokohama for 40 years rather than
swear allegiance to the United
States, returned with the Japanese
in 1941 and is still hiding in the
mountains.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
AH Mapping Policy
For November ParIey
BY the Associated Press.

6y lue ASSOCIATED freSS.
/; CINCINNATI, Oct. 23. w. The
American Federation of. Labor S
Executive Council today begins
formulation of a policy for sAFL
action at the national labor -man-
agement conference in Washington
November S. ,s
william Green, AFL president,
told newsmen the job will require
the councils attention throughout
today's session and may not be COM
pleted until tomorrow, the con-
cluding day of the groups quarterly
conference.
The AFL leaders, in a statement
yesterday, called on Congress to
consider Immediately and enact
promptly comprehensive national
housing policy, together with a set
of unified long-range programs es-
sential to carry out such a policy"
The council declared that postwar
housing lis the only legislation now
pending before Congress which
would provide a tangible source OF
mass employment and reconstruc-
ton Of the entire Nation.
THE legislation is a matter of ut
most urgency" the council asserted
Homeless American families will be
a reality in Thousands of communi-
ties"
Mr.. Green said the council had
set tomorrow for hearing a personal
appeal from Eric Johnston, head OF
the Motion Picture Producers Asso-
citation, that the movie strike be
brought to a speedy, prompt and
fair settlement" Mr.. Johnston is
expected today.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Navy Plans TO Test
Effect Of Atom Bomb
Blast Under Wafer

The Navy, it was learned today, Is
anxious to test the effect on num-
Der of ships of an atom bomb ex-
ploded under water and plans to
make such an experiment sometime
in the future, using as many cap
tured enemy war vessels and obso-
lete American ships as may be
available.
BY charting the effect of the
bombs exploded IN the air over
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is said,
scientists believe they can predict
what would happen to ships at sea
If similar bombs were exploded
under comparable conditions,
But the effect of an underwater
explosion will remain unknown un-
til some such experiment as the
Navy has in mind is undertaken.
This would require selection of a
suitably remote area of sea, where
there is sufncient depth to measure
not only the initial blast but the
rebound from the ocean floor. Ves-
sells, it is said, might be crushed,
or they might be lifted out of the
water. Nobody knows.
The ships could not be left at
anchor because of the depth. They
would have to be arranged in ap-
proximate formation and left to
drift until all personnel could be
removed and transported safe dis
tance away, but as water is not
compressible there is question as
to what would constitute a safe
distance.
On the other hand, the devastat-
ing effect of the atomic bomb is
associated more with release of in
tense heat than with the blast
which follows detonation of ortho-
dox explosives, such as INT. How
this heat would be dispersed under
water has not been subject to study
Last month the New York Times
reported in a dispatch from Tokyo
that the 35,000-ton japanese bat
tleship Nagato, taken over by Amer
ican invasion forces at the Yoko-
suka naval base, would be used in
such an experiment. Later on, Sem
ator Lister Hill of Alabama, Demo-
cratic whip, commenting on the
Navy's postwar plans for keeping a
peacetime Navy of 1,079 ships, de-
manded a Showdown" test of the
effect Of atom bombs on naval YES
sells.
Maybe the Navy is right about
thinking the battleship isn't out
moded by the atomic bomb" he
said. Maybe the battleship will
continue to serve a useful purpose.
Frankly, I don't know and I don't
think any one in Congress knows. u
One dif1iculty now in arranging
the experiment. it is stated, is that
many of the scientists who worked
on the Manhattan Project are leav-
ing it to resume private work.
Evening star., 1945-10-23

G. Rowland Shaw, former Assistant
Secretary of State, was presented
with the Laetare Medal last night
for his work in the prevention and
cure of delinquency.
The Most Rev. Amleto Giovanni
Cicognani, apostolic delegate, pinned
the gold medal to Mr.. Shaws lapel.
1t is awarded each year by Notre
Dame University to distinguished
Catholic layman.
The ceremony was in st. Patrick S
auditorium and Msgr. Lawrence j.
Shehan; pastor of st. Patrick's, acted
as chairman.
The Rev. j. Hugh ODonnell, C. S.
c., president of Notre Dame, made
the presentation address. He ex-
planned that the Laetare Medal was
an adoption of the historic Papal
presentation of the Golden Rose.
The Most Rev. John M. McNa-
mara, auxiliary bishop of the Bal
timore Washington diocese, said
even In wartime, as Assistant Sec
retary of State, Mr.. Shaw always
had time to attend meetings to help
minority groups.
Mr.. Shaw, who became a convert
Evening star., 1945-10-23
34th Infantry Soils for u. ST.:
Has LONGEST Combat Record

: NAPLES, Oct. % AP).-The United
States 34th Infantry Division, which
spent more time in combat in Eu-
rope than any other division, sailed
for home yesterday.
Packing the troopship Monticello
were 6,470 men of the 34th, 400 from
the 7th Replacement Depot and
80 italian brides. The Monticello will
dock the veterns of North Africa
and italy at Norfolk
You participated in some of the
most rugged combat in this war"
Gen, Joseph T. McNarney told the
men, mo outfit can know better the
price free men must pay for their
freedom
Maj. Gen. Charles L. Bolte, division
commander, also paid tribute to the
division which lost 1896 killed
and 1883 wounded. The division
originally was the National Guard
p. of Iowa, Minnesota and the Dakotas
and was placed in Federal service
December 10, 1941.
Only two American divisions now
remain in the Mediterranean the
ater. The 92d is due to sail in mid
November. The 88th is on occupation
duty around Trieste.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Johnson Proposes
10 Free Benefits Of
Atomic Energy

A suggestion that atomic en-
ergy's potential peacetime ben
ef1tS be made "as free as the air"
came today from Senator john
son, Democrat, of Colorado.
At the same time Senator johnson
told reporters the new special Senate
committee on atomic energy legisla-
ton would have, to rewrite complete
ly an administration bill proposing
domestic controls over the atomic
bomb.
Senator johnson, who introduced
this bill, is expected to be one of the
six Democrats appointed to the COM
mittee. He is acting chairman of
the Senate Military Affairs Com
mittee. =
Republican Senators were called
into a closed session today by
Minority Leader White to nominate
the five Republicans for the atomic
group.
Republicans Lack One.
Democrats were reported agreed
upon Senators johnson. Mcmahon
of Connecticut, Hoey of North
Carolina, Russell of Georgia, Green
of Rhode Island and Downey of
California
Republicans were said to have.
elected Senators Vandenberg OF
Michigan, Austin of Vermont. Mil
likin of Colorado and Hickenlooper
Of Iowa.
The committees function will be
to handle Senate procedure on all
legislative proposals dealing with
atomic energy.
Senator johnson said in an in
terview the secrets of the atom
bomb could not be protected by
ANY mutual international agree
ments."
Talks with scientists and military
leaders indicate, the Senator de-
clared, that this country must be
prepared with plenty Of atomic
bombs and airplanes to drop them
anywhere necessary"
Atomic Race Foreseen.
i lldI WILL iCdu W oil dLOllllC IdCc
in place of our former armament
races, and that Is bad" Senator
johnson said. But I believe this
new weapon is similar to poison
gas. Both Hitler and Japan had
plenty Of poison gas for use in the
recent war, but they were afraid
to use 1t.
"We can't hope to outlaw use Of
atomic bombs If only the outlaw
will use it. Our only way to stop its
use will be by knowledge that we
will destroy any nation or leader
who does use it."
Senator johnson said scientists
had convinced him that atomic en-
ergy had tremendous possibilities as
peacetime source of power. 1t is
this use he wants to be unhampered.
The House Military Affairs Com
mittee already has completed public
hearing on the administration atom
ic control bill.
1t would set up nine-menber
commission, appointed by the Presi-
dent, with broad powers to regulate
and safeguard atomic secrets per-
fected during the war.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Five UNRRA Workers
Recalled for Probe
By the Associated Press.

Sy the Associated Press.
Five American UNRRA workers
have been recalled from Germany
pending investigation of their &C
tivities around Stuttgart, UNRRA
headquarters said yesterday.
The five are John Beecher, who
headed the UNRRA team of which
the other four were members; Cliff
ford A. Hood, Trenton, N. j.; Lee
Schwartz, former Red Cross worker
and Federal Public Housing Author
ity official; Mrs. Frances Cummins,
former Reconstruction Finance
Corp. and Foreign Economic Admin
'istration official, and Miss Lydia
Robertson, former Navy Department
employe.
It was learned that Alex E.
Squadrilli, Riverside, Calf, deputy
area director for UNRRA in the
American occupation zone, with
headquarters in Stuttgart, recently
complained that the five had refused
to leave one area and go to another
assignment when ordered to do so.
He also charged that Mr.. Beecher
had founded a clique within his
team which prevented its effective
functioning.
The five workers counter charged
that Mr.. Squadrilli and two subordi-
mates were guilty of administrative
inefficiency and that the action
taken against them was unjust.
The counter-charges have been
filed as formal letter from the five
persons to Fred Hoehler, the official
in charge of UNRAA's displaced per-
sons operation at the Washington
headquarters.
UNRRA officials asserted there
were no political implications in the
situation. Investigators have been
sent to the Stuttgart area to make
a report.