davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Army Point System

The point system devised by the
Army to determine mans eligi-
bility for rehabilitation probably
will not work perfectly, but it is
based on a sound principle recon-
mended by the soldiers themselves
namely, that troops who have been
in uniform longest, who have fought
the most and who are fathers should
be the first to be discharged.
In keeping with this, the plan
just announced will entitle man
to return to civilian life if he has
a minimum of IS points to his
credit on the basis of the length
of time he has been in the Army,
his service overseas, his combat
experience, his decorations and
awards, and his parenthood status.
The age factor and dependents other
than children do not draw credits,
and some criticism of this is being
voiced by men in the ranks, but on
the whole it is difficult to see how
the formula could be much better
than it is.
The problem is obviously an ex-
tremely difficult one. Out of the
present Army of over 100000,
approximately 100000 men are to
be returned to civilian life within
the next twelve months, but very
large numbers who have already
served long in Europe and elsewhere
particularly those in the service
forces and air forces-will have to
remain in the fight until such time
as adequate requirements can be
found, excepting only soldiers who
have been in combat in both the
African and European theaters. This
applies even to those who have IS
or more points to their credit Many
will have to go directly from Europe
to the Pacific-Asiatic theater, while
others will be routed through this
country for brief retraining and fur
loughs before heading out against
Japan.
It will not be easy to work out
this redeployment and partial de-
mobilization without putting some
strains on morale. The point system,
however, is as fair as any such
system could be in the present cir
cumstances, and the Army is taking
the special precaution of setting up
reviewing boards to see to it that
strict military necessity and not
mere military convenience governs
the case of any man who is eligible
for discharge but whose service still
is called for. It is worth noting,
too, that draft calls are to be main
tanned at high level to provide
requirements for such men as fast
as possible.
Never before in history has our
Evening star., 1945-05-12
The Presidents Mother

When Mrs. Martha Truman was
little girl Abraham Lincoln was
President. She has lived through an
age of wonders since then-the rail-
roads lacing the continent, the COM
ing of the telephone, the invention
OF the electric light, the debut of
the automobile, the development of
the radio, the birth of aviation and
any number of other marvels that
have revolutionized the life of
America and the world. Ninety-two
years old, she has seen so much
happen in her time that precious
little can surprise her now. Yet
even she, despite all her rich and
eventful years, must find it a truly
wonderful thing that today-after
her first trip by plane, on her first
visit to Washington-she is stopping
at the White House as the Nations
most distinguished mother. Pierce
was living there when she was born,
and after him Buchanan, and then
Lincoln, and then Johnson, and then
Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur,
Cleveland, Mckinley, Theodore
Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Harding,
Coolidge, Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt,
and now her own son Harry. This
is an American story. Nothing quite
like it could take place anywhere
but in our country. All hail to this
remarkable, bright-eyed lady who
says "Fiddlesticks!" to people who
naturally make a fuss over her.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
A Symbol

1t is fitting that the Brandenburg
Gate should survive the modern
metropolis of Berlin, lost in Adolf
Hitler's futile gamble for world
power. The Germany which the
Nazis submitted to destruction was
symbolized far more definitely by
the old entrance to the Reich capital
than by the traduced and distorted
swastika emblem.
Standing at the western terminus
of Unter den Linden, the portal
was a frank imitation of the Pro-
pylaea, the beautiful gateway of the
Acropolis in Athens, built by the
master Mnesikles between 437 and
432 BIC. A competent but now for
gotten architect, Karl Gotthard
Langhans, was the designer. His
conception was grand enough in his
own generation and, if it was
dwarfed by later and much larger
edifces, the fault was not his own.
He tried to create model of a sort
for the imperial city which he
visioned growing upon the banks
of the Spree. From 1889 until 1893
he was busy putting together the
five parts of his composition. When
finished, it was an affair of one
fairly wide and four narrower
passages. True to his inspiration,
he made his columns Doric in their
style. How sturdy they were and
how solidly they were set up is mani
fest from the fact that they still are
extant while the whole neighborhood
around them is in ruins.
The so-called "Quadriga of Vic
tory" on top of the gateway was the
work of Johann Gottfried Schadow,
founder of the neo-classic school of
German sculpture. He was Ber-
liner by birth and lived most of his
eighty-siX years in his native town,
adorning it with the products of his
studio. But he also was responsible
for statues and other achievements
in places afar. The Luther monu-
ment at Wittenberg and the Tauen-
zien at Breslau came from his hands.
Perhaps the principal reason why
his group for the Brandenburg Gate
has not been better appreciated is
that 1t was located too high above
Evening star., 1945-05-12

the full support of the United States,
and that the United States should be
strong enough and secure enough to
make that support overwhelmingly
powerful. In fact, it is possible to 60
even farther. The hard evidence of
this war shows that the worldwide
power of the United States and the
British Commonwealth of Nations works
best in combination.
1t is not mere chance or good luck
that led to the creation of the Anglo
American combined chiefs of staff, or
that made this organization the most
efficient higher command of Allied
Forces in all the history of coalition
warfare. 1t was rather that the or
ganization fitted the strategic facts,
The vast military system which it di-
rected so ef1ciently-and is still direct
ing-consisted of the enormous reser-
voir Of power in the continent of North
America, secure from direct attack by
land: Two very large outposts, one of
which was of considerable military and
industrial strength-the island of Great
Britain, over against Europe, and the
island continent of Australia over
against Asia; and finally of system
OF outposts and bases giving to the
combination the indispensable links be-
tween its parts; the command of the
sea and the command of the inter-con-
tinental air routes
This military system, once its full
power was organized and exerted, has
proven irresistible wherever that power
has been applied. But it should be noted
that its parts are inter-dependent-that
the United States could not have
brought its power against its enemies
without the overseas bases which the
British Commonwealth supplied, and
that the British Commonwealth could
not by its own efforts have defended
those bases without the support of the
United States.
In a world which must for a long
time be made secure by the exercise of
power, the strategic interdependence
leads inevitably to the closest sort of
political collaboration, such as is so evi-
dent between the American and British
delegations here in San Francisco. It
tends always to unified actions, and atti-
tudeS by these powers in facing what
is really the basic problem and neces-
sity of the world: The fact that the
power OF modern weapons renders it
the first duty of every intelligent human
being to see to it that there shall not
be another world war. This fact is fully
realized by Americans and Britons alike.
and their type of mobile, swift-striking
power, with world-girdling system of
bases, gives them that ability to deal
swiftly with embryonic threats which
is so essential If disaster is to be pre-.
vented by timely action.
This Anglo-American power can be
the strongest pillar of a world security
system; either in that capacity or as
Reinsurance, its existence is the best
guarantee for the future which the
English-speaking peoples Of the world
can contribute.
(Copyright, 1e4S)
Evening star., 1945-05-12
This Changing World
BY Constantine Bro,Un

The diplomatic relations between the
United States and Great Britain on the
one hand and Russia on the other have
entered another difficult" phase.
According to well-informed diplomats
here, President Truman and Prime Min
ister Churchill received individually on
Thursday reply from Moscow to their
observations regarding the Russian
leaders failure to live up to the Yalta
agreements. Premier Stains reply to
Mr.. Churchill is said to have been
couched in stern terms and in unequiv-
ocal language.
The observations" sent from WASH
ington and London are said to have
dealt with the question of Poland,
Russias unilateral actions in Romania,
Hungary and Austria and the failure
to hold elections in Yugoslavia.
The confirmation of the reports that
16 Polish underground leaders had been
arrested in Moscow caused consterna-
ton in London and Washington.
Within 48 hours after Mr.. Truman
had become President there were definite
indications from the American and
British Ambassadors in Moscow that at
least half OF the Polish group would
be included in a new Polish government
Ill OlUci W pcILllt FOidIlu 10 pe repre-.
sented at the San Francisco Conference.
Premier Stain apparently changed his
mind, however, by the time Foreign
Commissar Molctov arrived in Wash
ington.
President Truman is said to have ex-
pected to clear up the entire situation
with the Soviet Foreign Commissar when
he received him at the White House.
He was disappointed when Mr.. Molo-
tov informed him he had no in
structions to make any "deal' on
Poland, but had come to the United
States merely as Russias chief delegate
to the San Francisco Conference. Presi-
dent Truman and Prime Minister
Churchill then took up the whole ques-
ton with Premier Stain directly and
in order to make their arguments
stronger brought up every one of the
points agreed on in February at Yalta
which the U. S. S. r. government had
not lived up to.
Among these matters the question of
the tripartite occupation of Austria and
particularly Vienna is said to have been
brought to the fore strongly.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Pillars of Security
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, May l2-Every
now and then in the course of COM
plex series of discussions such "as are
taking place here in San Francisco
it is necessary to put all the intriguing
detail of the moment out of mind and
to look at the forest instead of examin-
ing the trees.
There is, for example, great deal
Of discussion about trusteeship, much
of which centers on the question of
whether there shall or shall not be
special category of trusteeships for So
called strategic areas" And there is
even more discussion of regional agree
ments which may provide quicker and
more acceptable means for dealing with
local difficulties, but which many here
feel might, if carried too far, weaken
the authority of the world organiza-
ton as whole.
Boiled down to essentials, what all
this invokeS is the desire of each nation
for security, and very natural ten
dency to provide some reinsurance by
which each nation or each group of
nations would be able to do something
about it's own security in case the world
organization should not work, or should
not work fast enough.
T think it may be said without hesi-
tation that if there were perfect conf
dence that the world security organi-
zation would operate swiftly, effectively
and impartially to deal with any threat
to the peace of the world, the Russians
for example-would be far less in
e;c CT
anti-German pacts, and the American
on translating the Act of Chapultepec
into postwar regional security system
for the Western Hemisphere.
I do not mean to say that no one
has any confidence in the world Sc
curity organization. There is great
deal of confidence among the delegates
here and great deal of hope for the
future. But the new system has yet to
be created, it has yet to endure the
first strains and stresses Of actual opera
tion, and until it has proven itself,
until the Russians have seen by actual
observation that the American and
British people mean to give the Sc
curity Council their full military sup
port; until the Americans and British
have seen that the Russians mean to
play ball in the international league
and not engage in career of i'm
perialism; until the smaller powers have
seen that the great powers mean to act
responsibly and not arbitrarily-until
these things are manifest. as I believe
they will eventually become manifest,
the reinsurance tendency will continue
to be in evidence No statesman worth
his salt could commit the whole future
safety Of his country to an uncertain
and untried system Of security.
Certainly the representatives Of the
united States at this conference are
not willing to do this, and they ought
not to be willing to do it. It is es-
sential to the success of the future
world organization that it should have
Evening star., 1945-05-12

Army faced so complex and so
psychologically difficult a situation
as it faces today, with a major war
remaining to be fought in the Far
East directly on the heels of the
great struggle just won in Europe.
It is something that calls for the
sympathetic understanding of the
American people, The plan to be
followed is likely to disappoint many,
but considering the magnitude
of the job ahead-it is an admirable
one meriting every ones support
until something better can be
effected.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO, May 12.-How 'in-
ternationap is the projected new
United Nations international organiZa-
ton going to be? How nearly will It
approach the idea of supernatural
organization to maintain peace under
all circumstances?
The answer is, as the work of draft
ing the organizations charter pro-
ceeds, that at best the new organiza-
ton is only an approach. 1t will be
an organization of sovereign states
states that are giving up minimum of
sovereignty; it is at present based on
a sincere desire for world peace, but
each of the nations is here to look after
its own interests primarily. Those ma
tionS which have colonies. or have had
them, intend to keep or recover them.
Further, each powerful nation intends
to look after its own security. It has
no idea yet how far the new organiza-
ton will be able to go in the preserva-
ton of peace and the prevention of
aggression.
The United Nations are showing
themselves cautious about creating
supranational agencies. They are for
the most part cold toward the idea of
creating an international air force-an
immediate police force whose allegiance
would be only to the international Or
ganization. Or to any other kind of an
international military or naval force
of that character. They are provid-
ing, it is true, for the cooperation of
national air. military and naval forces,
with quota assignments for each ma
ton, to act if peace is threatened. But
even here the big powers reserve the
right of veto. any one of them, to the
use of force
Only in a single instance is an organi-
zation OF supranational character pro-
posed, the secretariat general of the
organization. This is to be the work.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Germans in Tuteluqe

The more details of the pattern
worked out for the inter-Allied gov
ernance of beaten Germany are dis
closed, the more unprecedented does
the plan appear. 1t had, of course,
been understood that Germany as
an independent state, had ceased to
exist, that its sovereignty was in
allegiance, that it's very future, as a
nation, was uncertain, and that the
fate Of the German people was en-
tirely in the hands of its conquerors,
the Germans themselves having no
voice in the matter.
That situation has been widely
likened to a corporation in receiver
ship, managed by referees in bank
ruptcy. But the application of the
plan to Germans, individually ana
collectively, makes it appear that
their position is somewhat akin to
persons adjudged to be mentally
unsound and hence not merely re-
strained from conducting their
everyday affairs but also con-
strained to submit to a course of
medical treatment designed to re-
store them to mental normality.
Both these aspects of the inter-
Allied plan have been explained by
Elmer Davis, director of the Office of
War Information. According to his
statements, foreign businesses will
be barred from Germany indef1-
nitely, thus keeping German eco
nomic life entirely under the Allied
Control Commission slated to be set
up in Berlin. Even more striking is
the ban to be placed on all news
papers, periodicals, books and other
news media, including films, from
abroad. Information Germany will
get" declared Mr.. Davis, will be
what the Allied governments infor-
nation officers believe the Germans
ought to have" And Mr.. Davis went
on to explain this denial of uncen-
sored information to the German
people by saying: Germany is
sick man. Right now he can have
only what the doctors prescribe.
Later on he will have a more ample
diet"
This plan for both economic and
mental tutelage will be carried out
by elaborate controls. Apparently,
all German industry and big busi-
ness will be carried on or scrapped
by Allied directors, Germans being
employed in purely subordinate ca
pacities. AS for the re-education
program, limited number of news
papers are to be issued, gotten out
and edited by Allied information
officers or their civilian counter
parts, which will give the Germans
only what is thought best for them
to read. To these newspapers will
be eventually added periodicals,
books and pamphlets designed for
the same end. One of the first PAM
phlets planned will be profusely
illustrated description of Nazi atroc-
tiles and concentration camps.
1t looks as though the German
people would be almost as thor
oughly propagandized and insulated
from the full impact of foreign
thought and opinion under this
inter-Allied plan as it formerly was
under the Nazi regime. Functionally,
the chief difference would be that
the propaganda machine would be
operated by a foreign control board
instead by DR.. Goebbels. The
results of this unique experiment
should be highly interesting.
4 Symbol
Evening star., 1945-05-12
From Pathfinder Magazine.


One-tenth of the Nations school chill
dren have speech defects and so per
cent of these could be cured for $40
per child, said DR.. Clarence T. Simon,
director of speech clinic, Northwestern
University.
Proof most defects can be corrected
was provided by pilots and GROUND
troops in the Army and Navy, DR.. ST.
mon said, when many rejected because
OF speech defects were accepted after
three to six months training in speec4.
clinics.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Letters to The Star
Urges Need for Divine Aid
At San Francisco

To the Editor of The Star:
The task of our representatives at the
San Francisco Conference is at best
most difficult, but the people of this
country have an inherent and child
like faith in our appointed leaders. Our
Army and Navy are piling up victory
upon victory to win the war. May join
the millions of others in pleading for
complete justice at the peace table, so
that the sacrifices made in those VIC
tories will not have been in vain?
God alone knows whether this is the
last war, but we all know that if the
principles and doctrines laid down by
Him are not adhered to we never can
achieve lasting peace-peace for all, not
security alone for the United States
based on preparedness or military SUI
premacy.
believe that the representatives Of
this Nation will do all in their power to
protect the interests of our own people,
but that in itself is not enough. The
security, peace. happiness and religious
freedom of all the peoples of all the
nations must be given every considera-
tion.' Only if that Is done can there be
any hope of real success at the con-
ference. And that cannot be accom-
plished if any nation, large or small, is
permitted to set in judgment upon itself
at any League of Nations" or similar
organization.
1t is also urged that no nation ire
spective of size shall carry any more
weight or voting privilege than any
other nation.
The hearts of people throughout the
world are crying out for justice, and
justice cannot and will not be achieved
unless all people are treated with equal
consideration, whatever their race, color
or religious belief
If the leaders of the world now cam
not see the futility of settling differences
by waging war, then civilization is GER
tainly doomed and not worth pray
ing for.
The San Francisco Conference can be
a success and will be, If divine guidance
is prayed for and followed. God knows
that is the hope of every individual and
the prayer of every Christian.
May 7, 1945. H. G. NELL.
Evening star., 1945-05-12

There are hints of an alienation
of the copper shortage which has
been bothering civilians. 1t is
thought that many of them would
cheerfully allot their share of the
increase to Uncle Sam if that would
help the old gentleman to get rid of
those Objectionable white pennies.
Evening star., 1945-05-12

the pavement to be seen by pedes-
trians. The four horses of the
chariot driven by the winged figure
of the goddess of triumph always
seemed too dainty to be steeds OF
anything but a circus parade.
Evening star., 1945-05-12

1t appears that right at the be-
ginning of his captivity Uncle Her
mann" Goering. as the Nazis used to
call him, ran true to form. One of
the first questions of the overstuffed
Reichsmarshal was, When do we
eat?"
Evening star., 1945-05-12

Military experts declare that our
own latest jet engines are superior
to all German types in every de-
partment of performance. One post
war job will be to keep them that
Way.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Time Is Short

From the st. Louis Star-Times. .t
A Jap high official urges the Jap
people to count their blessings. And
they'd better hurry-while they still
have few left.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Sees No Improvement

Sees No Improvement
To the Editor of The Star:
listen to the radio and I read the
papers and wonder how we can talk
hate and peace at the same time. If
we want peace We shall have to cut
out the things that cause hate.
These past so years, in science and
material things, we have made ire
mendous strides. Spiritually, we have
not gone ahead one iota. Nor has man
improved. In the past few years he
has gone mad with power.
When I was child we always had
family prayers daily and asked for
guidance and wisdom. What have we
now? Let us look at history today
and yesterday. Today man has in
vented the most horrible instruments
of torture and destruction. Thousands,
ten thousands, millions are killed with
our wonderful inventions.
say we have not improved, and,
unless the whole world tries to reform.
we are doomed. We must substitute
the word "love" for hate"
The first step is for the newspapers
and radio. They are the cause of lot
of trouble. C. L.
Evening star., 1945-05-12

Wants Mr.. Hoover Set to Work
To the Editor of The Star:
Now that the war in Europe Is over,
the work of rehabilitation must be per-
formed. The first thing, of necessity,
is to feed the hungry peoples of the late
occupied countries, Germany included.
They can't work in clearing the debris
and rebuilding devastated areas in their
present half-famished condition. Uncle
Sam must help.
The man who should be food ad-
ministrator is the one who did such
splendid job after the First World
War, Herbert Hoover. His ability in
that line is unsurpassed and he is not
on the hate list of the present ad-
ministration, so his services can be
utilized. The sooner Mr.. Hoover is set
to work the more lives and treasure
will be saved.
ALBERT s BROWN