davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-08-18

Among the local scientists listed
Oh the project were Edward A.
Noodle Taylor, Harold De-
laney, Benjamin Scott, J. Ernest
Wilkins and Jasper Jefferies.
The youngest of the group prob
ably was DR. j. Ernest wilkins, a
wizard of mathematics, who as
founded the world two years ago
when he received his Phi. D. de-
gree at 10. The government brought
the youthful mathematician here
from Tuskegee where he had been
teaching mathematics to aid ca
Gets, to devote full time to the
atom bomb project. .sa.sssSss.s
Military security viii not permig'
detailing the nature of work Negro
scientists have done on the atom
bomb here or at the plant in Oak
Ridge, Tenn, University of Chi
cago officials said.
WORKERS HELPED
CREATE BOMBS
WASHINGTON-A large number
of Negroes were included among
the $4,000 workers recruited by
the War Manpower Commission
from all over the country for the
super-secret atomic bomb project,
VINO revealed this week.
Because of the extreme secrecy,
VINO officials said, the recruiting
Job was one of the most difficult
undertaken by VINO and recruit
ing still is continuing.
Unlike most such programs,
which originate on the local level
and are routed through state and
regional offices to Washington, the
requeSt for workers for the super
bomb project was placed directly
before VINO by the Army in Wash
ington, according to the Recruit
ment and Transportation Section
d the VINO.
UNAWARE OF JOB NATURE
Workers recruited for the project
were unaware of the job even az
ter they had been employed some
months, and USES officials re-
cruiting workers were told merely
to refer them to highly secret
project"
OF the 10000 workers recruited,
approximately 10000 were for the
Hanford project, approximately
10000 for the Clinton project and
70 by the Army.
approximately 5000 for all the 9TH
er parts of the Manhattan Dis
trict activity as it was referred
20 by the Army.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-08-18
CONTENT TO WAIT

But the majority of both parties
have been content to sit back and
wait-most of them on the promise
they will vote for FEPC it If comes
CONTINUED on Back Page
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-08-18

Invention of the Notwithstanding
and awe-inspiring atomic bomb,
while ushering in new and incon-
ceivable era for the entire world
also has its direct and specific eff
feet on us.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
Even BARRIERS At Clinton
Kent Mum On Mew Bomb

OAK RIDGE, Tenn, Aug. 7. =
W.D - Tens of thousands of workers
at the government Clinton En-
cheering Works. and their fami-
lies struggled to act like normal
persons today and it wasn't at all
easy.
For months, some for years,
they had been Living in an atmos-
phere of strain and secrecy. The
knew they were working with COM
ponent parts or the raw materials
of a mighty war weapon. Very few
of them had even an idea it was
an atomic bomb but they knew
whatever it was, it was their coun-
try's most valued secret.
Workers were asked not to tell
their wives. Wives were required
not to pass on any suspicious they
might have, particularly not to
their children. No one was per-
mitted to own a camera. The gov
eminent was depending Upon
everyone's patriotism, but Army
Intelligence of icers were every
where to see that there was no in
discretion. Even to leave this city
of $4,000 persons which the govern.
ment built in four years and owns,
lock stock, and barrel, the resi-
dents needed pass.
Today they were excitedly dis
cussing the honor which was theirs
they were the pioneers who had
created the means of controlling
atomic energy now focused in a
weapon of incalcuable destructive
force but with awesome potentlals
of good. The residents gossiped on
the street corners about some
Continued on Page Two; Col g.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
CLEARING HOUSE
RECEIPTS SLUMP

According to report yesterday
issued by David M. Darden, sec
rotary of the Wilmington Clearing
House Association, it was indicat-
ed that the City's bank deposits for
July had slumped more than 10
million dollars to a reported fig
ure of $27, 1872, 635.70.
According to statement issued
by Mr.. Darden today, these fig
ures were Clearing House receipts
and not bank deposits. The Morn
ing Star is glad to make this cor
rection.
The report from Mr.. Darden dis
closed that Clearing House receipts
for June were $37, 847, 1854. 08. Re-
ceipts for these two months also
showed a decrease when compar-
ed to 500, 461, 91465 and $34, ATS, 1885,
is for June and July of last year,
respectively. t5
Reason for the decrease in acti-
vities such as these were attribut-
ed to the closing of camp Davis
and the cessation of other activi-
ties in this area, Mr.. Darden said.
Total Clearing House receipts for
the first seven months of this year
were reported at $3.50, 1873, 444; Al
compared to $273, 52z. 1865 for the
first seven months of 1914.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
JOHNSON RITES SET
FOR MONDAY NEXT AT
SAN FRANCISCO, CALF.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.-W.D =
Funeral Services for the late Sen.
Hiram w. Johnson, R., Calf, will
be held in San Francisco next Mon:
day, it was announced today.
The body viii leave, here by
tran Thursday night and is sched-
uled to arrive in San Francisco
Monday morning. 1t will be taken
Immediately to the City Hall where
Il will lie in state. Burial will be
in Cypress Lawn Cemetery in late
afternoon.
The last rites are expected to be
Simple, in accordance with John
sons wishes.
His office revealed that Presi
Gent Truman, his former Senate
colleague, had sent a telegram of
coincidence to the widow.
Many years Of association have
endeared Hiram to all of us who
Continued on Page Two. chi AZ
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
INEXPENSIVE
SHOES TO BE MADE
AVAILABLE SHORTLY

WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.-P)-A
larger supply of inexpensive shoes
was forecast today as the War Pro
duction Board lifted controls on the
number of pairs that may be pro-
duced.
The revocation covers ~cationed
and non-rationed lines of adults +,
children's and infants shoes which
sell at retail at an estimated range
of SIPS to $6.25.
WPB predicted improved supply
in about 60 days, but said total
production still would be below
prewar volume. Both leather and
non-leather, work and dress types
are covered by the order.
Previously all shoe production
had been restricted to specified
percentages Of base period output.
Controls are being lifted for in
expensive types to encourage
manufacture of these types, WPB
said: The OPA announced Satur-
day that a wide variety Of shoes
retailing for $3.50 a pair or less
will be released from rationing,
effective August 81 through Octo-
Der 10.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
Capture OfSecret Note
Fixed Dunkerque Escape

FRANKFURT, Germany, Aug. 7.
-REThe accidental discovery of
a secret German document enabled
British to evacuate 100000 men
from the trapped beaches of Dun
kerque, the U. S. Army disclosed
today.
This was the paper that lost
the war for Germany because it
opened an escape hatch through
which the core of the British re-
gular army slipped through and
gave Britain at least the Sem
blance of enough strength to hold
on untila Russia and the United
States were drawn to her aid,"
an intelligence officer of CO said.
At an hour when the French were
being slaughtered and the British
we're making a desperate effort to
evacuate their helpless divisions,
member of the German general
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
TRUMAN MAY GET !
0PA-WPB WRANCLE

WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.-P)-An
OPA-WPB wrangle involving basic
reconversion policies was reported
today to be tagged for arbitration
by President Truman.
The dispute between the Office
Of Price Administration and the
War Production Board is pitched
on differences concerning the gov
ernment's inexpensive clothing pro-
gram.
But the issue is said to have
grown so that it now embraces
fundamental price sterilization, as
we'll as WIPES place in the re-
conversion picture.
The quarrel developed when
WPB began to consider abolishing
its far-rea ching order earmarkins
about rs per cent OF all civilian fab.
RIGS for low and moderately priced
garments. WPB is said to feel the
order is too broad in view Of cuts
in military requirements for cloth
ing, and that it can be replaced
by regulation of lesser scope.
The current WPB order, known
as M-388, was put into effect sew
eral weeks ago, along with com.
panion OPA measure designed to
roll back overall clothing costs 6 TO
I per cent.
OPA officials, when they learned
WPB might abandon M-388, protest
ed that the price regulation would
be unavoidable without adequate
fabric controls. .
m Para Two. roy n
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
NINETEEN KILLED
IN HOIST BLAST

PORT ARTHUR, Ont, Aug. T..
-lR-At least 10 persons were
killed today in an explosion which
wrecked storage elevator No. 5 of
tne Saskatchewan Wheat Pool Ltd,
and officials of the concern said
the toll might reach 20 to IS men.
A score of seriously injured work
ers were taken to the hospital.
Hours after the blast many per-
sons still were missing, including
a number of soldiers on leave to
work in lakehead elevators.
Cause of the blast, which rock
ed the twin cities of Port Arthur
and Fort William shortly after
10 a. m. eastern War Time) was
not Immediately determined, but
it may have resulted from an &C.
emulation of grain dust. The ele-
vator was located about three miles
from the center of Port Arthur.
The grain vessel Sonora was
loading at the Saskatchewan Pool
elevator docks, but it was not
known Immediately whether it had
sustained any damage.
Most of the men killed and in
Jured were employed in the Ele-
Vator workhouse where the grain
is unloaded and cleaned before
being placed in the storage annex
from where it is loaded into ships.
The storage elevator was one of the
largest at the head of the Great
Lakes.
The blast blew out all four walls
OF the elevator. Four of the bodies
were found 200 feet from the build
ing.
srehlen from Port Arthur and
rolt William fought the flames
and headed rescue squads seeking
oead and injured.
II is the worst explosion we
ever had," said John Burton of
Cie Eastern Terminal Elevator
company, whose office is about 400
leeI rom the Saskatchewan. Pool.
, sheet Of flame 200 to 500 feet
lung swept from the workhouse at
+ 4,e instant of the explosion and
. se walls collapsed. Only the CON
S'ele beams are standing"
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
CHINESE TROOPS
CAPTURE TANCHUK
City Taken During Ad-
vance On South China
Port OF Canton

CHUNGKING, Aug. 7. -WH-
Chinese troops driving from two
directions on the great South China
port of Canton have captured Tan
chuk and Yeungkong, a communi-
que announced today amid authori-
tative reports that the Japanese
are further consolidating their for
ccs by evacuating Luichow PENN
sula and the Annoy area.
Tanchuk, former U. S. 18th Air
Force base on the south bank of
the West (Si river leading to Can
ton, was completely occupied Aug.
4. The victorious Chinese are push
ing on down the river toward their
next objective of Tengyun, 26 air
line miles to the east and within
Continued on Page Two; Col 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
Witnesses Insist France
HID Puct With Britain

PARIS, Aug. = (ao))-Two witness
es, testifying in defense OF. Marshal
Henri Philippe Petain, insisted to-
day that Britain concluded a Sc
cret agreement with the vichy
government after the fall Of
France. One named Lord Halifax,
present British Ambassador t O
Washington, as a principal inter
mediary.
The allegations were made in
the face of official British denials
of such secret negotiation.
The agreement, the witnesses as
serted, related mainly to obtaining
French assurances that the French
Fleet would not be used against
the British, that colonial bases and
areas would be denied the Ger
mans and that Vichy would refrain
from attempting to regain over
seas areas then under control Of
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
AtoY1r Bomb Blast Wipes Out Over Four
Sq1fe Miles OF Hiroshima, Completely
Destroying Five Major Industry Plants
CARRIER PLANES
HIT CHINA COAST
Three-Day Attack Report
ed By Nimitz; Results
Satisfactory

GUAM, Wednesday, Aug. Sup
-Swarms of carrier planes OF
the U. S. Pacific Fleet swept thu
China coast for three days endin,
Monday in the first major nava
action against the enemy in a week
Adm. Chester w. Nimitz announced
today.
Striking the China coast for the
first time since the sweeps which
preceded the invasion of Luzon ir
January, the carrier planes blasted
military installations, shot down
four japanese planes, destroyed
large barge and damaged a small
coastal cargo vessel.
The sweeps were made South Of
Shanghai, and among military in
stallations damaged were build.
ings and a seaplane base on Ting
hal Island Southeast OF Shanghai.
The assault was made by carriers
of Vice Adm. Jesse B. Oldendorf' S
naval force operating in the vicin.
ity of the Ryukyus Islands and the
East China Sea. That force is not
part of Adm. William F. Halsey' S
Third Fleet which has been under
a blackout since July 80 after a
three week air-sea bombardment
of the Japanese mainland.
Other carrier planes, striking
far to the East, were disclosed to
have battered the by-passed Jap
anese garrison on Wake on August
6, destroying or damaging small
craft, buildings and other installa-
tons. Carrier planes and a battle
ship had attacked Wake August /.
Nimitz said the China sweeps
were made on Saturday, Sunday
and Monday. ~ s. '--'
The attack on Wake was another
harassing assault against the iso-
lated enemy garrison, estimated to
number no more than 1000 starv-
ing men, cut off from homeland
supply lines.
Nimitz also disclosed that other
planes sank or damaged 10 Japa-
nese ships in sweeps from Korea
to the Kuriles.
Search privateers of Fleet Air
Wing One Monday sank four small
cargo vessels in the Tsushima
Strait between Korea and Japan,
damaged a fourmasted schooner
on the Korean coast and strafed a
radar station in the Danjo Islands
West of Kyushu.
On the same day search Marin
ers of this wing sank a motor
launch and damaged two light
houses on the China coast.
Early Tuesday morning, night
flying Mitchell medium bomber of
the same wing rocketed an enemy
vessel of unidentified type in the
Tsushima straits.
Privateers of Fleet Air Wing 10
sank a 300-foot cargo ship off the
Southern coast of Honshu on Tues
day.
Privateers of Fleet Air Wing
Continued on Page Two; Col A.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
PRESIDENT FACES
CONTROVERSIES
Chief Executive Arrives
Home From Potsdam In
Good Spirits

WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.-U.R)-
President Truman, back in the
United States after a one month
absence overseas, was en- route te
Washington tonight to report tc
the nation by radio within the next
few days on the results of the Big
Three conference at Potsdam.
There also was speculation that
he soon may issupe new surren-
der ultimatum to Japan, warn
ing the enemy to quit or be de-
bastated by the fury of the atomic
bomb.
The presidential cruiser Augusta.
carrying Mr.. Truman and his
party home from Europe, locked
at Newport News at 4:45 p. m.
(EWT). A half hour later, the
presidential party entrained for
Washington.
Awaiting Mr.. Humans return
to the White House were num-
Der of pressing domestic and in
ternational problems.
TOPPING the domestic list are
matters dealing with reconve-sion.
Members of the Senate War In
vestigating committee, which he
formerly headed, plan to see Mr..
Truman this week if possible to
advocate a one-man rule of war
mobilization and reconve1sion.
They plan to tell him that efforts
to achieve orderly reconversion
without hampering production for
the Pacific war are becoming in
creasingly difficult because of no
centralized control. They Seek to
vest in one authority to compel the
Army, Navy, WPB, WLB and OPA
to pull together whenever they
encounter differences.
Mr.. Truman also will be asked
to put his support behind COM
mittee demands that the Amy
discharge experienced coal miners
and railroad workers to help the
domestic economy workers.
Another problem concerns Con-
gressional demands that the size
OF the Army be reduced from =
000,00 to 100000. &
Senate members also look to Mr..
Truman to take the lead in pro-
noting adefinite full employment
program for the postwar era.
The President will be confronted
with severe criticism of the Big
Three agreement by Sen Arthur H..
Vandenberg, R,a Mich, No. Re-
publican on the Senate Foreign Re-
lations committee. Vandenberg has
assailed the indefinite reference"
to free elections in Poland and free
press in European areas under
Russian influence. He demands
Qualification.
That question may be dealt with
by Mr.. Truman in his radio re-
Continued on Page Two; Col y
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08

staff on a reconnaissance mission
pushed too far ahead of his own
lines and was fired upon by a
British patrol.
The Nazi officer and his men
took off across the fields but their
vehicle was set afire and was
captured by the patrol. In it was
a copy of a surprise attack in the
Calais region aimed at cutting off
the British escape.
The document fell into the hands
of the commander of small Bri-
fish force screening the Dunkerque
beaches only few hours before
the attack was scheduled to be-
gin.
1t foretold a hook movement by
a German force moving up from
Continued on Page Two; Col p
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
TOP RANKING NAILS
TO BE TRANSPORTED
TO NUREMBERG SOON

LONDON Aug. T. P Top
ranking Nazis held as prisoners Of
war will be moved shortly from
Mondorf, Luxembourg, to the
Nuremberg jail, where they will be
held for the approaching major
war crimes trial, it was disclosed
today.
They will lose their status as wa
prisoners and be held without bail
as civil criminals.
Supreme Court Justice Robert
II. Jackson, Chief United States
War Crimes prosecutor, declined
to divulge the identity of the group
to be removed, pending their ar
rival in Nuremberg.
He would not say whether they
were being transferred as a
security precaution against any
desperate attempt by fanatical
Nazis, to deliver their erstwhile
leaders. They will be moved in
small groups under guard.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
Atomic Bomb
Hits Center
Of Jap City
CONCLUSION ALARMING
Crew OF Fort Feels Effect
OF etonation1O
Miles Away

GUAM, Aug. 7.-P)-America's
new weapon, the atomic bomb,
struck squarely in the center of the
industrial city of Hiroshima Aug.
6 Pacific time) with a flash and
conclusion that brought an excla.
nation of ''My God'' from bat
tle-hardened Superfortress crew 10
miles away.
Crewmen who carried the awful
new bomb which is declared to
have an explosive power the equi-
valent of bombs that 1000 Super.
fortresses would have had to carry
previously although they were far
away, felt the conclusion like a
close explosion of anti-aircraft fire.
Col. Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., OF
1929 S. w. Sixth ST., Miami, Fla,
who piloted the Superfortress and
Navy Capt. William S. Parsons, of
Santa Fe, N. Mex, Navy ordnance
expert, described the explosions as
tremendous and awe-inspiring."
Neither man. could give an eS-
innate of what damage the bomb
had wrought but they declared it
must have been extensive
There is reason to believe, how
ever, that this Southern Honshu
city of 343, ZOO no longer continues
to exist.
'It was 0915 OBS any when
we dropped our bomb and we turn
ed the plane broadside to get the
best view,' said Capt. Parson.
"Then we made as much distance
from the ball of fire as we could.
We were at least ten miles away
and there was a visual impact
even though every man wore COL
ored glasses for protection. We had
braced ourselves when the bomb
was gone for the shock and Tib-
bets said close flax and it was
just like that-a close burst of
anti-aircraft fire.
1.-THE crew said My God and
couldn't believe what had happen
ed.
"a mountain of smoke was 20
Continued on Page Two; Col u
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08

Gen. De Gaulle's Free French
forces.
In return. both witnesses testi-
fled, Britain consented to relax her
blockade and permit French ship
ping to pass through the Straits of
Gibraltar and bound herself to
furnish certain needed foodstuffs to
France. t.,-t. p
The witnesses were jacques
Chevallier, former Vichy Secre-
tary-General Of Education, and
Admiral Jean Fernet, former Sec
rotary General of the Presidency
Council.
The defense was counting heavi-
ly ona their testimony to support
the contention that Petain, far
from collaborating with the Ger
mans and plotting against the
Continued on Page Tv,; Col 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
CR0SLEY RADIO
EMPIRE CHANGES

CINCINNATI, Aug. 7.-(R- The
radio and household appliance en-
pire assembled through Is years
by Powell Crowley, Jr., passed into
the hands of the Aviation Corpora
ton of New York today, with the
transfer to Crosley of checks to-
falling $12,000,00O.
The amount represented only
Crosley's personal share and shares
held by his family and in trust,
in 21,oo0,ooo deal announced
June 10.
In handing the checks to Crosley
who smiled broadly before bat
terry of news cameramen-Irving
B. Babcock, AVCO president, of
New York, remarked that of 545.-
600 shares involved, more than
100000 have been submitted for
sale at an agreed 500 per share.
Babcock succeeds Crosley as
president of the Crosley Corpora
ton which will retain it's ,rporate
identity as an AVCO subsidiary.
CONTINUED nm Pare Two. Col n
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
so Per Cent
Of City Now
Demolished
PHOTOS SHOW RUINS
Gen. Spaatz Releases News
Eagerly Awaited By
Allied Nations
By WILLIAM F.. TYREE


United Press War Correspondent
GUAM, Wednesday, Aug. S-W.P)-
The first atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima completely destroyed an
area of four and one-tenth square
miles-6O per cent of the city's
built-up area-and wiped out five
major industrial targets with . tre-
mendous blast which Obliterated
the city in a cloud Of boiling smoke
and flame, it was disclosed today.
An announcement by Gen. Carl
A. Spaatz, commander of the Stra-
tegic Air Forces, gave the news
that had been anxiously awaited for
more than "a hours.
The single atomic bomb had
wiped out more than half of the
city of $4,000 in a terrifying ex-
plosion which Spaatz said equalled
a raid by 1000 BIOS.
Men of the Superfortress crew
who unleashed natures harnessed
fury on the helpless Japanese en-
pire had described the fearful eff
fects of that one bomb. Then,
when the smoke that hung like
death pail over the stricken city
had cleared, reconnaissance photo
graphs revealed the terrible ex-
tent of the destruction.
Spaatz announced that the five
major industrial plants within the
four and one-tenth square mile area
had been destroyed.
The force of the great explosion
wreaked additional damage outside
the completely destroyed area.
he said.
It was obvious that Il Gripping
blow had been dealt to Hiroshima,
located on the Southern section of
the main island of Honshu about
400 miles Southwest of Tokyo.
Military supply depots and factor
les producing large guns, tanks.
machine tools and aircraft parts
are in the congested city.
The japanese already had adj
mitted that destruction within
Hiroshima was 80 great that they
themselves had been unable to as
certain Immediately the full extent
of damage.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-08
Thieues Knot Pants
OF P oolro,om Victims

CHELSEA, Mass, Aug. T.
UR)-Two holdup men entered
Henry Gordon's Pool room to-
day, took $50 from the proprie-
tor and three customers, the
forced all four at gunpoint to
take off their trousers.
After knotting the legs of the
discarded trousers, the thieves
fled.