The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-08-08
Jewish Scientists CoIIoboroted When Driven from Ger many

Washington, Aug. 8-(UP)-Five scientists who escaped from Hitler ism helped che at Germany of sciences greatest discovery-har- messing of atomic energy-and pos sibly of victory in the war.
 Unfolding of the drama in devel- opment of the first atomic bomb re- vealed today that these exiles fig ured prominently in the discovery of the explosive powers of uranium.
 One was a woman physicist, Dr. Lize Neither, whom the Nazis busted as a non-Aryan after she had made early discoveries of radio active bar ium which led to the finding of the explosive U-253, the rare uranium twin. She passed her exile in Scan- dinavia.
 Collaboration
 Working in this country with Sir James Chadwick. noble prize winner and chief scientific adviser to Brit ish members of the British-Cana- dian-American policy committee on development of the atomic bomb, were two refugee German professors. They were Dr. Otto Robert Frjsch. nephew of pr. Neither, and Ru- dolph Ernest Peierls.
 Frisc.l, born in Vienna. was driven from Hamburg University in 1883. He went to London. Later he colla- borated with Dr. Neither in Copen- hagen in atomic research. They worked at the institute of Prof. Niels Bohr, also a noble winner, who was snatched from his occupied homeland to work with U s. scien- tists. Frisch returned to England shortly before the war and became a British subject in 1943.
 Peierls, born in Berlin, went to England in 1883. He was naturaliz- ed in 194O. He holds a professor ship of applied mathematics at Birminghom University, England.
 Dr. Einstein
 The fifth refugee was Dr. Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity showing the relationship of energy matter and speed of light-played a part in creation of the atomic bomb. Einstein came to the U. s. in 1883
 Dr. Neither was working with Drs. Otto Hahn and F. Strassmann at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin before Hitler started his march into Poland. Seeking the key to Atomic energy, they were bom- barding uranium atoms with neu- irons. The debris produced the ele- ment barium.
 Some barium had been present as a chemical carrier but the sub stance produced radioactive agent much more powerful than radium. But they were unable to separate the barium from the mysterious radioactive substance.
 They concluded that the myster- ious substance itself was radio active barium, but the source re- mained a mystery.
 pr. Neither was exiled when her research at its most intriguing stage.
 Prepared Research
 She went to Denmark. later to Sweden, taking with her the con- clusion that the radioactive barium came from the uranium as the re- suit of splitting the uranium atom in two nearly equal parts.
 If that were true, she reasoned, the dividing released the greatest amount of atomic energy ever known.
 Her findings were relayed to Bohr, who had been snatched away from Denmark. He was then working with the American energy hunters at Columbia University.
 In January, 1889. the Neither ex- pertinent was repeated at Columbia by Bohr, Dr. Enrico Fermi, also a Noble winner and Prof. John R. Dunning of Columbia. For the first time they witnessed the release of a vertiable geyser of atomic energy.
 The physicists reckoned at that