davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
FLORlDA'S ANT|-LABOR DRIVE
three months. And what happened? The sen.
sible white men al Hills Brothers turned them
L..

three months. And what happened? The sen.
sble white men al Hills Brothers turned them
DOWN."
After this introduction the formula divides
into three easily assembled parts. Part one the
old business is typical OF anu-unios techniques
everywhere further appeals 10 loyalty, to the
right OF the individual to run his own affairs,
threats 10 close the factory and the actual dis
mantling Of one or two machines 10 show firm
intentions Part one also includes newspaper
advertisements by businessmen and citizens.
Par. two. race prejudice. is typical OF the
South. To brighten the Negroes. the white
trash angle is brought r and references 10
the Khan. To brighten the whites. III. share
ihe.same .washroom" DOGGY is iroited out.
There is no need 10 elaborate on these appeals
10 race haired. except TO say that here. at
least Red batting is not part Of the picture.
Black equality is overwhelmingly the more
powerful weapon.
Part three consists Of warnings made possible
by specialized conditions IN Florida itself Don't
stir up trouble where you have 10 work refers
TO the difficulty Of getting out Of the state, 10
the high emigration fees demanded Of labor re-
crulters Don't deal with outsiders" means
more IN Florida than elsewhere for this tourist
ridden peninsula IS extremely jealous Of the
rights OF citizens 20 control local affairs. run
the cour,houses and collect the TAX money. For
egners" when not explouable arc anathema,
So what does the budding labor movement do
now? Continue 70 fieh, the formula plant by
plant, knowing in advance tina, each plant Will
bo supported by all the others?
The question is too young TO have found an
answer. The groves the cannerIes. are al the
end Of their season But the most hopeful con-
clusion Is this that although plsnt-b plant
organization is impractical. il Is not too late to
do the job by states.
The citrus industry in the United States is
no, yet unified Florida is competing with Texas,
with California. and cheers happily over crop
losses IN both those areas. The task Of union
lzatlon IS therefore not lndustry-wde. II the
Go were 20 come TO Florida in strength, with
the FAC and the cooperation Of other liberal
and tolerance organizations We might soon
perceive a new fragrance in the land Of flowers.
- Peggy Flint
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

side colored people have not been too much
bothered about the American Negro and have not
welcomed his interest in their behalf.
During the Ethiopian-ltalan war the Ameri-
can Negro worked himself into laher in SYM
patty with the African nation only TO be told that
they did not consider themselves black and would
rather not be identified with Negroes" Our
friends the British West Indians have indicated
often that while they understand that there is
some connection between our problem and theirs.
they still believe with some exceptions) that
they are better off as subjects of the King than
we are as citizens of the United States OF
America
The HaitianS have never taken the trouble
10 conceal the fact that they wish 10 operate
as a white French country rather than as
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
By ROY WILKINS

Black Republic. They are cultured and courte-
Gus, but in their dealings with America, they
deal with white people and leave Negroes care
fully alone. One Haitian consul to New York
used To boast that he never went above 10th
street that is, into Harlem.
The Liberians have never been too friendly
They have racket of their own-the ruling
class-and any American Negro who has been
there can testify to the "cold treatment our
people receive The Chinese have been coof,
Before the war the Japanese were ice cold, and
the Indians have been merely lukewarm.
At San Francisco the Liberians behaved better
than the rest. Vice President Simpson made
many friends among American Negroes The
Haitans were, as usual. cultured but aloof. The
Philippians could not be found by American
Negroes.
We cannot be indifferent TO these people and
their treatment, but it seems that the time has
come 10 stop raising our blood pressure over
their fate. In the new World Organization the
voting American Negro citizen has more power
and influence than any one of the small so-called
black nations. We have enough votes, even with
the poll tax, the white primary and other re-
strctons. 10 elect President in tight contest.
We can land have change the personnel of the
u. s. Senate. In this manner we can bring
pressure n bear on one of the two very great
powers Russia and America) TO come out Of
this, war and on one Of the dominant Big Five
natic,.s of the new World Organization.
II would seem that the small black nations
might be counting us instead of we they There
is plenty of room for cooperation. There are
plenty of problems to be solved But We here,
have our own problems which demand attention.
There is no need TO dsspate our energies and
ingenuity in quarters where they are not well
come.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
Woman To Talk
On Prison Topic
Here On July II

Grace Carlson will make her
hrst public appearance in Detroit
since her release from prison when
she speaks on Women in Prison"
Wednesday. July IL, at 8 pm, at
Twelve Horsemen's Civic Center,
lib Erskine at John r.
She is the only woman amonz
the IS Socialist Workers Party
leaders convicted under the anti
labor Smith Gag Act in the
famous Minneapolis Labor Case OF
World War H. Speaking from init
mate personal experience. she will
talk about the women she came
TO know during the l6-month term
she recently served in the Federal
womsn's prison at Anderson. w. Va.
Grace Carlson is nationally
known as fighter against dis
elimination and is q member of
the Executive Board OF the St.
Paul branch OF the National Asso-
citation for the Advancement Of
Colored People.
Upon her release from prison,
she has returned TO active work
in carrying out the program OF the
Socialist Workers Party, which
during war as well as peace, has
continued the unrelenting struggle
against jim Crowism and for the
advancement OF the entire working
class.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
(Reprintsd from the Niiion)

Tn THE citrus packing plant under the heavy,
sweet smell Of rotting orange skins, tee
Brother" Shannon eaflet passes from hand TO
hand Side view, front view and number - the
police picture Of burly Negro with thick lips
and receding forehead tops story implying that
q vote for the union is vote for black equality.
This is the final exhibit in the tria-run anti
Go campaign backed by the sl56-milhon citrus
industry OF Florida Used in the Hills BIo'heIS
company plant at Barlow. 10 block the Food,
Tobacco Agricultural and Allied Workers Union,
!, Will appear again wherever a similar organi
cation drive is attempted In Florida the lords
Of VitamIn are going 10 fight their new labor
pains according 10 formula
Cant you count" shouted the ClO repre-
sentatives in answer to the pamphlets appeal
10 race prejudice. Cant you see you whites
outnumber the Negroes three TO one' This is
no set-up for black supremacy"
But at this point nobody is interested in
counting This is the day OF the election, when
400 workers going 10 mark the NLRB ball
lot for or against the union This Is the day
when management Will help 20 settle things by
orc more play in the game Two hours before
the voting the Negro employees VIII he sent
home 10 their segregated nclehbo,hood and viii
find II difficult 10 get out again. Cer,sin white
mon around the district Will look as # they
might be on patrol and for a purpose
The number ~ white workers who will
vote NO for Brother" Shannon viii be enough
80 lose the election And the industry VIII have
the last peg it needs TO tighten the structure Of
Us strategy,
Now the formula is complete, and not quite
what you'd expect either. Future attempts to
unionize any gwen plant VIII not be coun,ercd
crudoly by barring the gates 10 organizers No,
the organizers will be admitted They had first
q clear the hurdle Of getting business agents
license from the state Of FLORIDA. They Will he
allowed to demand an election.
Then the defense will open according 10
plan. Loyal employees! You are being icld
what 10 do by fellows from outside the state"
Most organizers do come from outside Flori-
ds1 Go on. listen 10 them. We won't object.
But you aren't the first they've tried tkeir stuff
on. No they worked at Barlow more than
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
By EARL BROWN
Trom Harpers Magazine
for July latS)

De,roi. Is see;h.nE with indus
ira, strife Few people across the
country realize how bad the si;ua-
ton $ Frank Rising. industry
member Of the War Labor Board IN
Detroit. recently propheSied.
There's bound 10 be IN explo-
sion here between labor and man
asemcnt after the war. I can't see
ANYTHING hat Will stop i. Things
arc so bad its the only way they
can resolve their differences This
town is IN a terrible mess"
The causes Of industrial strife in
Detroit arc both simple and COM
plcatCG Among the many reasons
for Il. however. are the following:
% Detroit IS still a mushrooTed
highly induStriallzed town where
human relations receive little or no
consideration. 90 Hundreds OF
thousands OF unframed. und Sclp-
lined. rural workers are employed
IN rs plants. t3l The workers have
constant fear Of losing their Jobs
a. The union is rivcn with dlScord
81 The industrial relations poHcieS
~ mos, Of the manufacturers are
immature and often higoted 81
The Government agencies SCI W 10
handle labor disputes are too slow
IN rendering their decisions. 90
The city officials have failed 20 pro-
vide constructive leadership.
II Mr. Risins's predictions are 10
he proved false and De,ro,' j. rot
10 ne blown up by the workers and
me employers Of the auto industry,
he warriors N both camps must
recognize certain facts about pro-
duct and economies FIRST and
foremost. The workers must SCI Il
through their heads that strikes in
wartime must not occur Although
strikes in peacetime may DC chef
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
Should Negroes Have Equal RIGHTS?

whites. a large percentage Of the
experts consulted are Negroes.
While the experts differ on what
is IN prospect, they are practically
UNANIMOUS IN agreeing on what
would be best fer the nation; We
must continue and increase our
erer,s 70 reduce discrimination and
segregstion. they state The experts
as . group are definitely opposed
10 holding the Negro to an inferior
positien-er even Q segregated one.
When some Americans are faced
with the question 81 breaking
down racial barriers they seek TO
put Il entirely on a basis Of whether
social interminsling is desirable OF
not. The answers OF the experts
make il clear that such informing
ling is no, one OF the main practical
issues TO be met IN solving our race
problems. The big practical prob
lens are economic and political.
A leading recommendation Is
that laws should he enacted to
guarantee against bias and dis
elimination In employment Ne
other specific step Is recommend
ed nearly as often ny the experts.
A second big necessity men
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

and the occasional family mansions
mask CHASTITY interiors. =.
These apartment buildings
which once housed well-to-do
whites are now occupied almost
entirely by Negroes-but none too
comfortably They have been con-
verted': made over into kitchen
cites A better name would oe
rabbit Warrens-and no wonder.
Four-and five-room apartments de-
signed for single-family occupancy
have been cut up into stuffy one
and two-room units. A gas burner
Installed in what was once clothes
closet transforms the unit into a
kitchenette.
"A kitchenette rents for $40 to
$50 a month. A family OF six or
ten-often two families-may be
found crowded into a single room.
The toilet is usually shared by as
many as thirty tenants. Once-re-
specialize family hotels. converted
into labyrinths Of dark Railways.
house as many as 1000 persons But
YOU will find no bellhops or elevs-
N'A pkNA GNpA =
In some Of these rabbit warrens.
the original kitchen may be shared
ny as many families as can be jam
ned into the apartment-three at
least. Plumbing fixtures often
leak. and II you are assigned 10 a
bathroom on one OF the lower
foors, Il is advisable 10 have an
umbrella handy Even the base
ments are inhabited, though not
exclusively by humans. And If
the plaster cracks and falls down.
II is no concern Of the landlord.
Competition for living space has
made the ki;chenette BONANZA
FOR the owner-for real estate COM
panies and banks. and even. il Is
sad for universities and churches.
No janitor service is maintained
in these buildings Central heat
ing has been discontinued. In cold
weather tenants huddle around a
little coal stove or a fireplace in
the rooms in which they eat and
sleep Tenants in buildings
containing four or more apart
meniS. must dispose ~ their own
garbage. and. as result, waste
from these kitchenettes Is usually
disposed Of in the easiest way
BY being dumped in the alley.
Alleys. as we'll as the space under
the L structures. are reeklng with
garbage. Uttered with waste paper.
empty cans. and bottles, and
swarming with rats
The rats gain entrance - ada
cent houses raid and pollute food
supplies. and at night strike terror
20 the sleeping tenants. 80.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

toned by . number Of the ex-
perts IL that America build better
housing for the Negro and step
reserving the hevels and tene-
merts ~ cur worst siums fer him.
Many Of them believe that there Is
nc justification for compelling the
Negro 20 live in segregated districts
or in separate housing projects
A third need IL to rive Me-
grees . better chance for . coed
edueatien.
On top ~ ell these needs. the
experts say. II . fourth; The Ne
are must have the right 10 vete.
Men and women deprived Of
their vote are unable 10 protect
their own rights. They cannot
possibly develop int useful. re-
spensibie citizens.
An end 10 Jim Crow. That. in
sum. is what the experts see as the
aim That Is the rec
ommendstion which they made IN
each of the four nelds Of action
Their answers speak out for
steady forward movement toward
bringing the Negro - foil and
equal citl1snshlp--ln practice q
sel a. IA theory,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

wonder, since anyone who was
at San Francisco must have
been impressed by it.
American Negroes have
lately been stirred TO curiosity
and some action in behalf of
other black and brown people
over the globe. They have
worried themselves about the
Philippians, the Haitians, a
variety of Africans. the British
West Indies. the East Indies,
and the Indians. They have
talked great deal about the
unity" of colored people. AS
a ,,,attar ~ fact all those out
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
RQl33&R ![]3$ ]=||||||
BiIbo Broys On The FEPC

theme Of the book is the slorifica-
ton OF love affair between a
white man and Negro woman.
Last night ! received through
the mail copy OF a speech entitled.
The White Christian and His Con-
science. by Lillian Smith no.
tice that the speech has been de-
llvered-and one can tell what Il
is by where il was delivered-st
Ford Hall Forum in Detroit. the
Institute OF International Relations.
Columbus, Ohio. the Community
church in New York. and in sew
eral other places. am not going
10 reply 10 this speech now. but
II was delivered in the interest Of
the FEPC-l am saving that for
the filibuster-do Senators under
stand?
On Mrs. Roosevelt
The next day. after ! had made
some observations on the petition
sent from Georgia. a certain lady
IN this country who writes an ar
ticle IN the Washington Daily News
under the mead Of My Day. pro-
ceeded 10 rush 10 the defense of
these folks down in Georgia.
No family in the history OF
America has had more honors be-
slowed upon il than. the family OF
Franklin D. Roosevelt. No man in
American history deserves more
honor than Franklin D. Roosevelt
himself; and there has been no
stronger Roosevelt admirer or sup
porter than the speaker on this oc-
caslon But had hoped that when
Mrs Roosevelt, the wife OF this
great and good man. had returned
to the quiet shades Of the ances-
trail home on the historic Hudson
she would be perfectly willing. az
ter more than u years Of full and
active life. trying in her way TO
run the government. 10 call il a
day and leave il 10 others 70 carry
on. had hoped that she would
keep her prooosc!s out OF contro-
versial questions which members
81 CONGRESS are trying 70 settle in
he interest ~ their constituents
and for the welfare of the nation
as a whole.
In this connection 7 have an
other thought II this good woman
had given one-half the attention
10 rearing and directing the lives
and sffairs OF her own brood that
she has given to trying 10 force
recognition and social equality Of
the American Ne2ro she would
rot today be embarrassed with
headline stories about some ~ her
offspring. This is enough about the
lady from Hyde Park for the pres
ent.
On DR. Dubois
y have just finished reading
and 7 recommend Il 20 the schol-
airs and students Of the Senate
a book bv Dr.. w r r. Dubois The
title is Color and Democracvs' The
, writing 81 the book was finished
on the lst day Of January. la45 In
the book Dr.. Dubois takes the po.
sition that all the work which ha:
been done al San Francisco is null
and void. and that we are headed
for another war. and that the next
wsr VIII be a race war. He saws
il will rot be long in coming He
saws that the way in which the CO.
loria.s Of all the empires and coun-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

renship" Some ~ The barriers
ssainst them have been lifted IN
private industry. III government
Jobs. IN the armed fNrces.
But what will happen when the
nation starts readjuStlnS itself TO
peace and Negro veterans so back
to their old towns Negroes are
jusiihably apprehensive VIII there
be a rise IN race hatred and the
outbreak OF bloody riots. as there
Was after the last V3r when me
Ku-KiuN Khan sought ~ iCrrorizs
our dsrk-SHnncd citizens back
INTO tier places Will loh dis
elimination increase against them.
especially II there IS sharp compe-
u,ion ior JOBS because Of tenn
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07

porary unemployment during the
!ctonVersion 10 peace
Can race trouble be avoided
What practical path can We take TO
solve the racial problem tina; con-
fronts u.s. The American Magazine
Poll OF Experts has put these and
other frank questions 10 some OF
the nations foremost experts on the
racial problem. All Of them have
spent years o. work IN the field OF
race relations They come from
universities. the Government. IN
duStricS and labor unions, social
agencies newspapers. and groups
working entirely IN race reistirrS
They are Ner,hernerS ard So tn
ernerS. While the majority are
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
DETROITS ARMED CAMPS

" agsins, the employer. in war
tine they are aimed directly al the
heart ~ the country. they may
prove 10 he ss harmful 20 its Secur-
ity as an enemy army Secondly.
the workers can't solve their proc
lem by stretching OFT the job This
s stupid az any time. but especially
IN wartime. because II means a loss
~ contracts. and. moreover. the
war Will end some tine anyhow.
Thirdly. the workers should real
re once and for all that discipline
is the right and responsibility OF
management. Grievance machir-
cry agreed 10 by the union as we'll
as management IS included in each
contract and The workers should
live up - Il. There IS no hope Of
labor peace in Detroit until the
workers accept management nigh;
to discipline employees.
On the other hand. MANAGEMENT
must stop mounting pious plati-
tudes about the night II workers
- organize while knitting the unions
= the back. l. must stop provok-
M strikes. something tina; a part
81 Il has been guilty Of all during
'hc war Nanagcments action IN
This regard is even worse ;han the
unions. because y hides behind
The headlines IN the newspapers
while the union must take Il on the
chm every time strike occurs.
Mauagenent must also cease being
2 bully toward the workers and
G.Sclpllning them without good
cause This only confirms their
contention that a leopard cannot
change It's spots. and causes them
10 rate and fear the boss more and
more n management demands
more production per worker. Il
must nc willing 10 pay higher
wages for il; This would Al least
tend 20 keep the workers ability 10
buy goods equal 20 their ability 10
produce them.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
From The Congressional Record.
June q, l946)

JuHc So AoToJ
Bilbo:
The bill now under eonsidera-
ton contains appropriations tor the
life and maintenance of these Is
agencies as provided in the bill
as it passed the House. A hercu-
lean effort was made in the House
by the sponsors OF the FEPC to in
corporate an appropriation for the
continuance OF the FEPC; but all
in vain. So the bill came 10 the
Senate with 10 agencies; II is now
under considerations; We are prac-
tically through passing on tne.s 10
agencies, and in few minutes we
could have a roll call and these
Is agencies would be perpetuated
by an appropriation OF the Con-
greSs, and there would De no
trouble.
But since the Goth day OF June
we have been threatened by my
distinguished and lovable friend
from New Mexico, a gentleman
from the wild and woody west. who
is coming up with his little squirt
gun and is going 10 squirt into this
oil the poison OF the FEPC.
Mote: Bilbo refers here TO Sen
ator Chavez. Although Bilbo in
sisted that he was not filibuster-
ing he would not yield the floor
and his rantings take up Is OF
the finely printed pages OF the
Congressional Record for that
day.
On What The Negro Wants
This thing they call the FEPC
was born IN sin and brought forth
IN in!qulty Some Senator'S posi-
oily do not know the history Of 1t,
and have suspicion. indeed, !
have fsith-that IL the thinking
people Of America knew how this
miserable connection was brought
about they would rise up and say.
XII the snake. and kill il now
an reading from a new book,
The title Of which is What The
Negro Wants II is edited by Ray
ford W Logan, who IS a gentleman
OF color and the contributors 10
'His book are Mary Mcleod Be-
;hune, Sterling A. Brown. W f.
BGrghardt Dubois. Gordon B Han
rock, Leslie Pinckney Hill. Lang
Sion Hughes, Rayford W Logan.
Frederick D. Patterson. A. Philip
Rsndol7h-do not forget that name
George 6. SCHUYLER. willard s.
Townsend. Charles II Wesley.
DoXey A WlkerSon. and Roy VIII
kirS-the worst Of them all.
On Lillian Smith
Mr. President. the petition from
Georgia was signed. arong others.
by Lillian Smith. Have Senators
ever heard Of herr She s the au-
thor Of the book entitled. Bitter
Fruit. II Senators have no, read
that book hope 10 God they new
or VII, Il IS one Of the dlrtiest
pieces 81 literature that has ever
been printed and circulated II is
so rotten that even the city Of
Boston drove II out. Boston would
not have IL. There are words and
pen pictures in that book tina, are
enough 10 corrupt American minds.
II IS not surprising that the COL
cred lad es and gentlemen rush 10
the bookstores 20 buy Lillian
Smiths Bitter Fruit, because the
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-07
JIM CROW OUTING

Last week the Washington.
d. c. quartermsster corps 81 the
army held an cutting on the Pc
tomae. Following the familiar
army way. white employees went
on one boat. Negroes were forced
to take another. Just 70 make cer-
tain that no one missed the point.
the Negroes were aboard . ship
called the Robert Z. Lee.
The Call