davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
No Tax Relief

There is no reason to hope for reduction
in taxes this year. That is the word of Sena-
tor George, chairman of the finance commit
tee. But Senator George says there must be
some adjustments in tax schedules it we are
to have any business" Whether this is hope
full sign or not will depend for the most part
on who will benefit by any revision that may
be made.
Unless there is marked improvement in the
waste situation which goes on unchecked at
Washington, there will be little reason Tor
most Of US to expect any lifting Of the tax
load Is long rs the war continues and spend
ing IL on the customary scale. This means
that az long as Japan survives in COMBAT,
there can b. no tax revision that will oene'
fit all taxpayers.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
At High Cost

The director of the Office of War Mobiliza-
gress as OF January /, 1945, which discusses
the problems of mobilization and reconver-
slon 1t is introduced with the statement that
1hls nation can be proud of what it has
accomplished to date with the cooperation of
industry, labor and agriculture of all the
people - under vigorous government leader
Snip" The accomplishment, of course, has
been the whole great war effort, which has
been nothing less than miraculous and which
most reasonable people will agree could not
nave been realized without granting unusual
temporary power to government.
However, the renort reveals more than
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
Interpreting
The War
By klRKE L. SIMPSON
associated Press War Ar.,,


With the battle of inner Ger.
many turning into a Naz m;rt,~
debacle of as yet incalcuI.h,.
scope and effect on the duration =,
the war in Europe, attention shin.
ed to the quiet front in 1talv undo,
the impact of two circumstance.
The first was a call from Con.
eral Mark Clark, American cor.
mander of Allied armies in It.,r
to Italian patriots to stand bv ~,
an attempted Nazi retreat It mns,
come sooner or later. he ssis
Gaining upon the northern Italian,
to harry their retreat by intsr.
ruptlng communications and Nv
killing Germans Big scale Allied
action was indicated.
10 match that news came a new
Russian break-through in the HIM.
garlan plains southeast of V;enn.
The vital Raba river defense lin.
south OF the Danube and north a,
Lake Balaton had been punctured
in the center, at Csorna and sar.
var, less than 20 miles from IN.
Austrian frontier and less than 10
miles from Vienna.
That Russian break-through m
the Raba has a direct bearing on
the long stagnant situation in Nalv
Less than 40 miles to the north.
west lie the main communication
routes, road and rail, linking the
Nazi army in Italy with GERMANY.
While Alpine passes from Bremen
eastward still may let supply
trickles through to the Italian
front, they have been under Allied
air harassment for months. The
main flow of men and munitions
almost certainly goes southwark
through the Vienna gap into the Pc
Valley. That, too, is the most
probable main escape route once
the retreat from Italy begins. TIE
Russian advance across the Raba
puts it in deadly jeopardy.
NaZi commentators admit that
a mighty Russian pincer attack on
Vienna via both the Danubian
plains and through the Moravian
corridor is in full swing. Uncon-
firmed reports come of panic and
rising resistance to Nazi over.
lords in Vienna and elsewhere in
southea stern Austria.
1t seems clear that only by
prompt withdrawal from Italy into
the passes of the Alps could forces
to meet the Russian threat to the
Vienna Gap be mustered by the
foe.
The General Clark prediction
strongly suggests that another ele.
ment Of the concerted Russian
Allied operations agreed upon at
Yalta now is taking shape in the
Russian drive up the Danubian
plain on Vienna that already is
threatening the life lines Of the
Nazis in Italy.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
BY w. G. ROGERS
Russia is no Riddle" by Edmund
Stevens (Greenberg: SLY

This author speaks Russian flu
emily and has spent six years in
Russia.
When he writes about the coua-
try, consequently, he may be pre-.
sumed to DO so out of dependable
body OF information. What he
writes is friendly and favorable.
He has adverse criticisms, as he
has, to be sure, of Britain and
America. But he's aware of the
fact that the Russians are on our
side, and after you've read him.
you're glad they are. He says thew
like us; he likes them and expects
you to.
Noting that the peoples clothes
are shabby, he points out that
Russia can't be bothered right now
with what the well dressed man
should wear. He compares local
party leaders to capable, self
made American executives. A
considerable latitude is allowed
for the expression of contradictory
opinions. he claims, and he even
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
The Literary Guidepost

sees democracy in action IN INC
town meetings" Of workers IN la''
tories and on cooperatives. :,
While he is critical OF "FlhlliSn
stubborness" in getting into tnlS
one war twice, he says that F9s'
sia's ultimate terms were IAoue
rate by any standard. Whiie m'
charges other Poles under Gen.
Anders plotted against HuSsIa
while they were in Soviet ca5ng,
He points to the new freedom
given to religion, with Foillan
Catholicism now the second ISiS
est denomination.
mo other nation in history mo-
paid sucn a price in human ise,
and destruction ans survived
he declares and SCOTS at any pos.
sibility of Russian attack on 'n'
United States. But in his opinion,
untold harm has been done
the cause of Soviet-American [s
lations by some visiting firelneh
and their snap judgments. A.
example, he cite w. L. Whl'ss'
whose Report On The Russians
was reviewed in this column VICE.
before last.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29

DUR hCNlE I1GADkk " AN 1EhO,
FORCE-The man on whom falls
the heaviest responsibility for the
conduct Of the war in Europe, with
its myriad complications, is Gen
eral Dwight David Eisenhower.
From the farthest position on the
front line, the chain of command
in a quiet unlettered office. Vari-
Gus problems requiring decisions
are filtered out as they pass back,
so that only the most momentous
questions finally reach the 54-year-
old five-star general. The weight
of his responsibility has aged him
visibly in the nearly three years
he has carried it, first in Africa,
then in italy, and now in France
and Germany.
When subordinates put a knotty
question up to him, he has habit
of hesitating moment and biting
his lower Up in concentration.
Now, I'm not trying to buck your
question:" he says. And then,
when he has thought it out, he
gives his answer.
Inevitably, a certain remoteness
surrounds this man. His concen-
tration on objective before him is
necessarily so intense. Not be-
cause he wanted TO since he is by
nature a friendly human being
but because it seemed the only
choice, ne has cut himself off from
all social life. This includes mill
tary banqueting, which is part OF
the function of higher officers in a
foreign country, as well as mingl-
ing with the rich and aristocratic
French, who court some high-rank-
ing American officers.
Eisenhower forehead is more
lined than it was three years ago.
He is perhaps more bald, with
only graying wisps of sandy hair
on the top of his high-domed head.
His expression is ordinarily serious
and preoccupied except when
warm smile lights his face.
The impression he makes on
most visitors is one of solid, al
most solemn integrity. 1t is in the
way he sits, with his massive
hands locked together on the desk
before him. 1t is in the way he
speaks about the course of the war.
It is not that he is formal or
pompous. Far from it. Even at
his rare, off-the-record press con-
ferences in a room packed with
the several hundred correspondents
accredited to SHAEF, he has an
air of easy informality. There is
no fuss and feathers about n S
headquarters.
He can be mild and friendly,
but he also can be stern. Once
when he was living in the apple
orchards of Normandy a U. S.
Labor union delegation came to
see him. They began to talk about
reconversion. Mild-mannered Gen
eral Ike let them have it. He told
them in no uncertain terms that, as
he saw it. their duty was to stop
talking about reconversion n d
stay on the job until it was finish
ed.
Eisenhower has tried to fix a
firm policy that there shall be no
censorship of criticism Of opera
tons in his theater. Yet he bitter
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
WASHINGTON CALLING
by
MARQUIS CH1LDS

ly resented the criticism of Allied
policy toward the civilian popula-
ton in Sicily, since he thought,
that, under the circumstances, the
attacks were unfair.
Likewise. he resented the criti-
cism of the "Darlin deal" that fol-
lowed the North African invasion.
He feels that this, too, was unfair
in the light of circumstances which
made some such negotiations nee
eSSary.
Yet he has never tried to stop
correspondents from sending crit
cal dispatches even though he be-
Geved the criticism to be unjust.
His record on this score is clear.
One of the supreme command
er's continuing concerns is for the
millions of GIs under his command.
He is constantly trying to break
through the remoteness of his job
which puts him at the top of a
pyramid, in order to get down to
the hopes and fears of the plain
Joes who are fighting the war.
1t is subject he takes up fire.
quently with his commanders. And
when cases involving serious in
subordlnation finally come to him
for review he gives them long and
painstaking study.
Another continuing preoccupa-
ton is over our relationship with
our Allies in fighting the war.
From the very first days of the
joint command, he has held a
policy of true cooperation, and has
sometimes dealt sternly with of.
ficers who insisted on fighting a
unilateral war. AS a result, close
personal relationships have grown
up. There is warm friendship,
for instance, between General Ike
and air chief marshal Sir Arthur
w. TedGer.
But the major decisions must be
made by the man at the top. Often
he is torn between his hl1uaneneee
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
More Peace Feelers

Following Tuesdays uproar over via
r,nor that President Roosevelt had alerteo
his Cabinet in anticipation Of an immediate
neace offer by Germany comes a dispatch
from London saying that certain Germans
claiming to be anti-Nazis, were making iran
tic efforts to gain the ear OF Allied Leaders
with peace feelers, placing entire blame for
the war upon the Nazis and claiming the
German people, by and large, want the war
to end at once
There is nothing new in reports OF peace
feelers. Every now and then for two years
thew have been exploited usually from some
listening post in Switzerland or camouhageo'
Nazi agency in Holland or Norway. But TINS
one differs from all others in that the Ger
man armies in the West are totterlng, the
military power of the Reich is broken, and
only heavier losses in men and property can
result from further fighting.
We have no means Of knowing Tor certain,
hut it is altogether possible that either the
Nazi leaders or the Army High Command are
responsible for the present reported e11ort 10
feel out the situation and see II sometnlng
cannot be done to effect a negotiated peace
such as Hitler himself attempted to effect with
Britain long before the war reached its tragic
height.
If this is correct then General Eisenhower
has given the answer, in unmlstakable terms
terms that not even the Nazis, for all their
blindness, can fail to understand. Inc ou'
nrerne Commander of Allied forces in Eu-
rope. saying he is not now ready to write
off this war, added that there will be no
negotiated unconditional surrender. There will
be an imposed unconditional surrender. At
the same time, Prime Minister Winston
Churchill of Great Britain, who is said to
have been approached with the alleged peace
feelers, announced that any such feelers would
be considered Jointly by the Allied govern
ments
The fact is, aside from the German High
Command, there is no group in the Reich with
whom the Allied governments or General Els
enhower can deal, inasmuch as it has been
the position of the Big Three that they Will
not deal with Hitler or any Nazi leaders
With Allied armies in motion and the enc
my in 4 retreat that is said to be very near
" 4 rout in the West, and with the Rus
sian armies east Of Berlin resuming their If
resistable advance, the surrender proposed
by General Eisenhower must be imposed
upon the German High Command and the
troops it dominates. When German arms are
laid down, Internationally it will be time
to consider what terms may be imposed upon
the German people, and not until then.
This is one of the reasons, tn all probabil
ity, that peace has not already been achiev.
ed, with the saving Of many thousands Of
lives on both sides. It can only be hoped thai
the Allied armies will speedily overwhelm the
German forces so completely that their High
Command will have no choice but to ordel
the unconditional surrender demanded a
Casa Blanca when the African campaign wa
getting under way.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
Daily Prayer
FOR TRANQUIL HEARTS

We seek the light of Thy face
o Lord, for Thy favor is peace
Enable US to await in tranqulA'y
and with unflagging devotion Of
activity, the fulfillment OF Thy puE'
poses in this war; until Right IS
crowned by Victory; and our BOYS
return to US again, bringing the
Joy of hopes fulfilled for US and fof
all Of waiting, woe-smitten man
kind. Deliver us from fret and fear
in the deep consciousness that Thou
hast not abdicated Thy throne
but that Thou art a present Lore,
still overriding all events We
would have calm confidence 100,
in our Government, to whom !hou
hast given authority. Save US from
the blight of critical-mlndedness.
In loyalty and patience Ike .na'
of our fighting men, we Woulo caa
ny on stout-heartedly, and IN II, !. rev :,
erent trust in Thee. Amen.-W'I'h'
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29

But still we didn't know for sure,
so there was tenseness that first
morning. We knew almost exactly
what time our first planes would
be over the Tokyo area.
We went to the radio from to
listen. The usual Japanese pro-
grams were on the air. We watch
ed the clock. Suddenly-at just the
right tine-the Jap stations all
went off the air.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
Your War; With Ernie Pyle

There was silence for a few min
utes. And then the most Donald
Duck-like screaming and jabbering
you ever heard. The announcer
was so excited you had to laugh.
We knew our boys were there.
After that, for us on the ship, it
was just a matter of waiting, and
hoping. And as the blackboard sign
said, of being poor scared pals.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
BY ENRIE PYLE

IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC
(delaye6-We were up an hour
and a half before daylight, for our
planes had to be in the air at the
first hint OF dawn.
The first patrol was always
launched by catapult, because in
the wind-swept semi-darkness, it
was too dangerous for them to
make the run down the rolling
deck.
After seeing the flights launched
the first few days, it became old
stuff, and l would have stayed in
bed and ignored it, but that was
impossible. The catapult's huge
launching machinery was directly
above my cabin, and every time
it shot a plane off it was just as
though the Washington Monument
had fallen on the ship. Rip Van
Wrinkle himself couldn't have slept
through it. So I just got up.
The fighter pilots were given
their last briefing. In the ready
room" the squadron commander
and intelligence officer showed
them on maps and by drawings On
the blackboard. just where they
would strike.
The squadron commander asked
how many of the pilots had no
wrist watches. Six held up their
hands. The funny part was that the
ship had no extra wrist watches,
so I don't know why he asked the
question in the first place.
Then he told what our approx
mate total of planes over Japan
would be, and how many it was
probable the Japs would put up
against US. And then he said:
80 you see, each one of us will
only have to take care of three
Jap planes!"
The pilots all laughed and look
ed at each other sheepishly. days
later, when the final scores were
in, we found our force had de-
stroyed Japs at nine-to-one.)
And at the end of his briefing,
the squadron commander gave
strict orders for the pilots not to
shoot at Japs coming down in para
chutes.
They're supposed to do it to
u.s." he said, but it isn't the thing
for us to do"
The bomber pilots and their en-
listed gunners and radiomen were
briefed the same way. After the
intelligence officer had finished,
the squadron commander said:
Were going to dive low on the
target before releasing our bombs.
Since we're risking our necks any
how, there's no point in going at
all unless we can do some damage,
so 20 down low
All through the various strikes
on Japan our task force kept
enough planes back to fly a con-
slant blanket of protection in the
sky above us.
l remember the funny sign
chalked on the blackboard of the
ready room" the first day, urg-
ing our patrol pilots to extra Wig
lance for Jap planes that might
sneak out from the mainland to
attack us. The ign said:
Keep alert - remember your
poor scared pals on the ship
We didn't know whether our first
planes over the mainland would
surprise the Japs or not. It didn't
seem possible, yet there were no
indications that they knew.
For two days on our approach
we had been knocking off jap
reconnaissance planes and picket
boats. We hoped we had got these
scattered planes and boats before
they had time to radio back home
the news of our presence. One Of
our destroyers had even sat all day
on top OF Jap submarine to keep
nun from coming to the TOP and
sending a warning.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29

which is very real, and the stern
realities of a situation. Many q
mands are made on him to at'as
here or there where civilian sur
fering is great under crushing
German enslavement. This man
must say yes or no-and he mus 1'a.
say no far more often tnan yes,
That responsibility is reflected i'll
his deeply Swallowed eyes "lli.tt
look out at the vast panorama u
the war he directs.
Copyright 1915 by United REQ
ture Syndicate, 1nco -.
Gunpowder is mixture OF saw
meter sulphur and charcoal.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
EDITORIAL COMMENT
STRIKES TO MAKE WORK

1nsistence on more men being hired to do
a job than are needed furnishes one of the
weaknesses of the American labor movement.
The practice has recently been made notori-
Gus by the musicians union. 1t seems par
ticularly out of place in wartime, when Short
age OF manpoWer is leading Congress to con-
slider some kind of labor compulson. Yet the
make-work demand is so deeply rooted that
1t leads to frequent strikes.
Two such Walkouts have occurred in Boston
this month. In the first, several hundred en-
ployees of the Boston Elevated Railway re-
fused to take out new car-trains because they
felt two men should be engaged to operate
the first car instead of one. Then longshore-
men loading ships with vital war materials
stopped because, they said, four men should
be placed on new tractor trailers instead of
three In each case the union had agreed to
arbitrate, the award had gone against it,
union officials recommended acceptance, and
their own people revolted against them and
the arbitration.
Most employers are already paying tax
for unemployment insurance, and in only four
States do employees pay anything. Employers
also pay a tax for old-age insurance, their
contributions being matched by the workers.
it isn't reasonable for every employer who
can be forced to do so to take in addition
an extra-heavy private social-security system
Of his own. Compelling management to load
up with unWanted and unneeded help amounts
to that. The burden also increases costs 10
the public without corresponding benefit. on,
ion men are giving their organizations oao
name by hampering public utilities ano 1he
war effort-indeed, any employer-durlng -, d
manpowe- shortage. There is no lack Oh Jus Jus
now, and this is no time for IN ake-wolA
projects at either public or private expense
Christian Science Monitor.
cvStan too O1LSu AAiAo-
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29
CONVENTION CANCELLED

RALEIGH. March %. - up =
The North Carolina Negro leach.
ers Association has cancellea 10
64th annual convention, scheaolea
to be held here March zs-1i' "a az
the request of the Office OF w
tense Transportation, officials 0i
the group said today.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-03-29

The free enterprise system is too o1'en ,1.r
understood by labor only something sots
panys president general manage n,'paige
Joseph W. Frazer, chairman ora"A'''
Motors Corp.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-07
MANPOWER sHORTAGE

Incredible as il may seem in
the face of rising unemployment
figures. the answer lies in a man
power shortage
Private employment agencies
will tell you they are no longer
soliciting employers for job open
ings. simply because they cannot
fill them.
AS one agency manager put
II. "JOb-shOppers are looking for
rainbOws. Although the average
wage offered In the essential
services that are a part of the
cOuDtrY's normal are more
than adequate for a comfortable
living, they don't compare with
the pay checks these workers
have been drawing in wartime
Jobs"
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-07
Report British
To Reject Loan

LONDON. Oct 6 nNS)-Thc
London Daily Herald said today
that IL could state definitely the
British government would sacri.
flee its hopes of l.. S. financial
aid rather than scrap measures
of mutual advantage TO Britain
and It's dominionS.
The article said reported l.. s
demands that imperial preference
must end If financial aid is 10 be
extended Will. if formally com.
.munlcated from Washington, be
considered first by the British
cabinet. then by the dominion
governments
The newspaper added that the
government was not prepared tc
submit 10 attempts 10 bludgeon
the British commonwealth into
acceptance of conditions dictated
on one-Sided basis.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-07
Coal Stocks Low
In Detroit Yards
Only Essential Users
Get Late Shipments

Many DetroitcrS dependent upon
coal 10 heat their homes and
places OF business viii find them
selves in a very desperate situa-
tlon II the weather should turn
cold within the next week. the
Detroit Coal Bureau warned
Saturday.
The bureau stated that the only
shipments received since the strike
Of supervisory mine workers were
called on Oct. ! were those which
had left the mines before that
date and that inventories IN local
yards were low.
a survey by Daniel Ryan, city
welfare head, disclosed that two
weeks ago 20 per cent Of Detroit
homes were without coal.
The Solid Fuels Administration
Saturday ordered that coal pro-
duced in the districts which nor
mally supply Detroit be shipped
only 10 hospitals, public service
corporations, and railroads and 10
docks at The head Of the lakes.
This order means that homes
now without fuel, and those which
would soon exhaust their supplies.
would have 10 90 heatleSS should
the strike continue, coal dealers
SAID.
Shipments 10 the head Of the
lakes were excepted. bureau Off
Gals explained. so that as much
coal as possible would be there
before the close of navigation.