davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14

to these principles means definite
championing of the rights of Me-
groes, among other things. because
the Negro is SO sinned against. dis
eliminated against
Far too frequently has il
happened that when white
man in America champions ths
cause of the common man
which must necessarily include
the Negro - he Is walked up
the steps Of the guillotine and
his head chopped off.
HENRY WALLACE
Witness the fate of Henry Wal
lace at the Democratic Convention
become the symbol of liberalism. He
had been fortnight in his state
in Chicago last July. Wallace had
ments and actions where the rights
of Negroes to participate in all the
benefits of democracy were con-
cerned At the convention, knowing
he was on the spot for his liberal
Ideas, he walked, nevertheless, into
the lions den, stuck his head into
the lions mouth, and proceeded to
twist the lions tail His now ia
nous equal opportunity, and poll
tax must go" speech was delivered
with ringing sincerity. The lion
bit off his head.
Undeterred, Wallace pursued the
same course even after his defeat for
a place on the Democratic ticket as
running mate to Roosevelt. And
again, when his name came before
the Senate for confirmation as Sec
rotary of Commerce, he was ma
igned, mailed and mangled. To his
everlasting credit, his head, though
bloody, has never bowed But there
are so few who could come through
the same experience without giving
up the ghost.
AUBREY WILLIAMS
Then, there was Aubrey Williams
His administration of the National
Youth administration, under which
Negro boys and girls got their first
real break for training in skilled
industrial occupations, branded him
as Negro-lover in the eyes of Bill
DO and his ilk. His efforts to or
ganize the small farmers, including
Negro farmers. reused the ire of
the Farm Bureau Federation. His
favorable attitude toward the F. E..
P. G. stamped him as liberal and
progressive.
The recent castigation of Aubrey
Williams by reactionary elements in
the Senate of the United States
when his name came before them
for confirmation as Presidents APP
pointee for the position of Admin
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14

tCOntlnueu ITOm page ID
returned to Washington OH Satur-
day.
mo LONGED NEEDED"
Sunday morning, when the crew
reported for duty, Thomas was told
by the Assistant Superintendent.
Charles Burton. that his services
were no longer needed. The other
members of the crew were called
for their run but refused to GO
unless Thomas was sent out also.
When Thomas produced his
honorable discharge papers, the
railroad officials decided he could
make the trip but then said the
other men could not go because
they had quit" Thomas then re-
fused to go without the men who
had stood by him Now, the rail-
road officials say Thomas has
quit"
Thomas worked on the road for a
year and half before being in
Quoted into the Army. He has been
back on the road for four months.
The case is now in the hands of
Local 459 of the Joint Council of
Dining Car Walters, AFL, who
have a contract with the railroad
covering dining car employees. The
NAACP has offered it's services to
the union should they be needed.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14

istrator of the Rural Identification
Administration is still fresh In our
minds Williams, like Wallace, will
not bow his head.
But the pattern Is clear II Is not
new. Clarke Foreman, Nathan
Strauss, and many others felt the
axe because they were openly hber-
al.
Such procedure puts the fear
of the Devil into the hearts of
lesser men than Wallace and
Williams. Liberals who have
vulnerable spots in their back
bones are likely to say to them
selves: why should I stick my
neck out for the common man
including Negroes when I
can sail along on smooth wa
ters by just keeping quiet and
comforting TO custom.
LIBERALISM BOOM
Then along comes the testimonial
to Justice Black He has cached the
pinnacle of success in the judiciary.
He is respected He is acclaimed.
His championing of the cause of
the common man has not harmed
him. 1t is tonic to the less cour-
ageous. 1t is boon to the cause
of liberalism and progressivism. 1t
is timely Let us hope that those
who may have quavered in their
responsibilities to ALL Americans
in their positions of public trust
will take heart and fear not
Though they may not rate the ac-
claims Of Justice Black, they can
know that all America will not
turn from them if they but con-
sistently fight the good fight.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
Railroad Fires

Continued from page u
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
By
HARRY S.
McALPIN
CORRESPONDENT
For
Atlantis Daily
Herld & N.n.P.A
Testimonial To
Black Significant

There was significance far
deeper than shown on the surface
in the testimonial dinner and the
Jefferson award rendered to ASso-
ciaet Supreme Court Justice Hugo
L. Black in Washington last week.
Justice Black was selected to re-
ceive the award for a second time
because of his CONSTANT adherence
to principles of fair play, justice,
and regard for the rights of the
comman man Consistent adherence
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
Leaders Back
Continued from page 1,

Bethune. This is time when we az
group need to show great solida-
rity and it would be gesture Of
strategic Importance If the entire
Negro group in the nation would
get solidly behind Mrs. Bethune as
candidate of choice and push her
nomination through to a successful
conclusions. Any hestitancy or in
/ dication of division in the ranks of
Negroes themselves simply plays
into the hands of those who woulo
counsel delay. I hope you will get
behind this"
SPAULDING IN ACCORD
Il am heartily In accord with
the idea of seeking q place for q
Negro on the Presidents personal
staff" said c. G. Spaulding, out
standing spokesman for Negro
business interests throughout the
country and president of the North
Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
Co., land I would enthusiastically
endorse the suggestion of Dr. Mary
Mcleod Bethune for such post.
Mrs. Bethune is unselfiSh, un-
assuming, honorable. She has the
confidence of the men and the Wo-
men of our race and am conf
dent that her loyalty has won the
respect, appreciation and conf
dence of President and Mrs. RooSe.
welt.
"The time is coming when Ne.
groes should be given some mea-
sure of honor for the support they
have given the government. This
would be worthy recognition
You can't play The Star Spangled
Banner without playing both the
black and white keys of the piano
I hope movement which will be
race wide will develop support for
Mrs. Bethune for post where she
may be our representative on the
staff of President Roosevelt"
NEED REPRESENTATIVE
"The time has come when Ne
goes ought to have a representative
who can be close enough to our
chief executive to voice the needs
and opinions of our race" said DR.
Metz T. P. Lochard, editor of The
Chicago Defender.
Every other group in the coun-
try has direct access to the White
Hoslse whenever they desire it," DR..
Lochard continued, "but colored
people must develop tremendous
evidences of discomfort and dis.
affection before an audience can be
secured. During these critical times
of the past four years in our ma
tional and our racial history, there
have been only two or hree times
when we have been able to force All
audience for a group of colored
people with the President.
MRS. Bethune in the position OF
administrative assistant to the
President would be a wise counsel
lor. She is beloved by all classes
and conditions of people because
they are secure in the knowledge
that she sees nothing for herself
and that her loyalty to the best in
tereStS of the United States and the
Negro people is outstanding and u1l-
| questioned
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14

returned to Washington OH Satur-
day.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
sisted in evacuating the casualties.

Magnificent" is the way Major
General Edward M. Almond, Com
mander of the end, describes his
divisions artillery. Time and time
again, Buffalo infantrymen, sweat
ing out tight spot, have seen
perfectly placed artillery fire shat
ter hostile emplacements and break
up repeated and determined Ger
man counter attacks. boy, that
artillery was great" said many gid
doughboys upon return from skir-
mishes with the enemy
General of the Army George C..
Marshall was the first five-star
general to inspect the 92nd Divi-
sion. In an official statement, the
Army Chief of Staff said that what
he had seen in Italy was very re-
assuring"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
Over 1,5OO
Continued from page u

Continued from page u
commission as second lieutenants,
came to the following men while
on the battlefieldS: First Sergeant
Gilbert Boothe, Of Forsythe, Ca;
First. Sergeant Joseph Bracy, Of
Boston, Mass; Technical Sergeant
Frank Whisonant, of Washington,
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-14
Sentence Thoughts

Well the Senate decided that they didn't want
Aubrey Williams to light up the rural districts under the
REA, so he promises to turn some light upon the
Senator'S.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26

ner- Williams school Sunday af-
ternoon between 3 and 8 o'clock
when parents and other visitors
inspected the new cafeteria and
met the teachers. There were
about $50 persons present and
punch and cookies were served
Arthur Bales of Florence, Ala.
visited Tanner Williams school
last week. He was formerly
principal there.
Mr.. and Mrs. E W. Strickler,
Mr.. and Mrs. II. c. Strickler and
daughter were shoppers in Mobile
Friday and they also visited
Mrs. Joe Mittenwight.
Mrs. A Stricken, Mrs. Elmer
Strickler and a few Of the teach
ers Of the Tanner Williams school
were shoppers in Mobile Satur-
day.
Mrs. Eliza Strickler's nephew.
Archie Tate, who has been in the
AIMED Forces in Germany,
France and Belgium. IS on the
way home and will meet his wife
in Omaha, Neb., where he is te
be discharged.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
Loccl IoYcees To
Attend Meeting of
State Directors

The Pascagoula Junior Cham
her of Commerce will be repre-
sented at the state organizations
board of directors meeting at
Jackson October 81 and % by a
delegation from the local club, it
was announced this week.
Forming the delegation to Jack
son will be Will Osborn, Willard
Melbourne and Fred Cook.
At the meeting a program of
interest TO all Jaycees of the
Coast region and those interested
in the civic welfare of this see
ton will be outlined.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
Faculty of Luke
School Honored
By P-TA Officers

In compliance with a request
of Governor Thomas L. Bailey TO
each Parent-Teacher association
throughout the state to observe
Teachers Day, Oct. Is by some
special attention to the faculty
of the school OF which it is a
part, the officers of the Lake
School PTA entertained the
teachers with a theater party last
week.
Under Che direction of the
president, Mrs. P. J. Higginboth-
am, who was assisted by Mr..
Higginbotham, the party enjoyed
a visit to a local theater, after
which they were invited to a
place of entertainment where ice
cream was served.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26

gentine army officers knew
American or British democracy
or American Industrial strength
A preponderance of the ma.
tion's wealth, population and
production Is concentrated in
Buenos Aires and its immediate
territory which means that who
ever controls tie city controls
the nation. This factor plays in.
to the hands Of Army politicians
The only important military
force is concentrated at Campo
de Mayo, rs miles from the
capital.
II army officers decide 10
change government police, or
take power, they need merely
threaten to march on the city.
There Is no other military
strength within hundreds Of
miles. and the distant garrisons
are weak and ineffective.
Argentines remember, too, the
nations early record OF repeat
ed civil wars, and the delay Of
contending factions in accepting
the principle of majority rule for
many years after independence
was won from Spain in 1910.
They recall the long-standing
struggle for control between
rich and progressive Buenos
Aires and the more conservative
provinces, the long struggle over
what form Of federal union was
to be established before a con
stitution finally was drawn up
and ratified in 1853.
That constitution - modelled
after that OF the United States
was adopted at a time when
the country was contrite and ex-
hausted after more than 20-years
of the most brutal dictatorship
the country ever experienced.
The dictator, Juan Manuel
Rosas, suppressed civil liberties,
jailed, executed or exiled oppo-
sitionists, sent COON squads
proving Buenos Aires to hunt
out enemies.
Road To Progress
After Rosas, the trend was
more and more to stability and
progress.
In the so years up to 1890, the
country had established a repu-
tatiop al a modern, progressive,
cultured country-an enlighten-
ed, democratic nation.
But Argentina slipped back
ward in 1890 and has floundered
ever since. The Rosas influence
had not died.
The country's dominant politi-
cal party, the Radical Civic
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
Whut 1t Mems
The Unrest and Revolution in Argentina

Union (centrist) had split wide
open on charges OF graft and
personal rather than party rule
BY aged President Hipolito ri
goyen.
Depression unemployment in.
tensified general dissatisfaction
and prompted an army march
from Campo de MAYO which IN
seated Irigoyen and installed
Gen Jose Francisco Uriburu a
provisional president.
The military revolution, anc
its premises Of reform, was
gfeeteF by cheering crowds un.
aware OF what the army mer
really intended.
Uriburu allowed local Fas
eist organization TO get a foot
hold, but opinion against army
rule was strong enough to force
him to call elections in 1891. a
moderate, Gen. Agustin Justo
was the army candidate.
Nazi Admirers
Justo had q stormy term, but
moved toward normality b.
making Roberto Ortiz, a liberal
businessman, his candidate in
the 1887 presidential elections
10 satisfy extreme conserva-
lives, Justo put Ramon S. Cas-
tillo-a narrow provincial ma
tionalist-up for vice president,
Ortiz-C Castillo won amid Radi-
cal union and Socialist charges
of a frame up, but things went
smoothly for a time. Then the
President fell i'll, and Castillo
Became acting president,
Prodded by army officers who
admired Nazi efficiency" and
who believed that Germany
would WIN the war, Castillo set
a neutrality policy the day af.
ter Pearl Harbor, and allowed
Nazi espionage and influences
to continue unchecked, Ortiz
favored the United Nations, bui
was too iii to count, and dice
several months later.
Castillo suspended civil liber-
ties and used force to keep dis.
satisfaction with his policies
from retting out of hand. Demo-
cratic Argentines found Castillo
unsatisfactory on all counts.
After he handpicked a candi-
date for the scheduled 1913 cleo
tons, the army timed a march
from Campo de Mayo with d
period of bitter anti-government
feeling.
Peron In
That army march, in June.
1913, ousted Castillo, and put Q
general in charge. The l943
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
PLANES SHIFTED ARMY

AP NeWsfeatures
An entire army was shifted by
air for the first time in history
during the battle for China.
The then neWly-formed Chi
nese Sixth Army was flown with
and its equipment-including
horses from Burma to China by
the u. S. Army Air Transport
Command in May, 1915.
Trained in India and tempered
in combat in Burma, the Sixth
was iockeying into position for
the final offensive against the
Japanese on the Asiatic main
land.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
LIVE BALLAST BEAT WIND

AP NeWsfeature
Human ballast, $4,000 pounds
ST it, saved a little escort carrier
from topping over during a TO-
mile-an-hour typhoon in the
western Pacific in 1914. Three
hundred sailors shifted over the
decks for 10 hours TO balance the
Wave-rocked ship.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
Arena

The Rev M. X. Underwood OF
Agricola preached Sunday at the
Pine Grove Church OF God fol-
lowing Sunday school which was
attended by %. MIR. Mcclure
rove him to this community.
Mfr. and Mrs. Elton Roberts
nd children OF Escatawpa Wis
ted Mr.. and Mrs. H. c. Strick-
er Sunday.
Mrs. Pete Shows of Richton re-
urned to the home of her par
nts Mr.. and Mrs. Nose Viii
Jams, Saturday. Her husband
sh2 is in the Armed Forces was
emf to Camp Lee, Va, last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Williams visited
n the homes of their sons, Nose
Harmon and Clinton Williams,
recently.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur Reeves
ire the proud parents of q baby
Joy born at the Mobile lnfirmary
asst week. Mrs. Reeves is the
laughter of Mr.. and Mrs. John
itrickler.
Open house was held at Tan
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26
BY PAUL N
Associated Press Newsfeature

New York-1f anyone can tel
Argentina richest and mos
l~iterate of South American ma.
tions-how long IL will take tt
4lean up her confused mess
she'd like TO know it.
Democratic President Juan
Antonio Rios of Chile-Argen-
tina's western neighbor-says
that the Rio de la Plata repub-
lie is suffering from a serious
illness which she. and she alone.
can cure.
The basic illness of the coun-
try is nationalistic military die
t~atorship, complicated in recent
years by Nazi-Fascist trimmings.
But whether Argentina would
get back to normal quickly If the
army were to hand power to ci-
villains is conjectural.
For many years the country
has had a notable lack Of out
standing leaders or cohesion in
the civilian political parties.
Many Argentines fear that thev
don't have a mar who could
command nationwide respect.
= The Nazi-Fascist symptoms
eoincident with the military die
tatorship alarmed many people
inside and outside Argentina,
but the country's troubles are
basically home grown.
These troubles have come in
spite Of the democratic senti-
ments Of a great majority Of
the Argentina people. who are
mostly of Spanish and Italian
stock. with a mixture of Ger
man, Polish. Irish, English.
Swiss. Dutch, Hungarian, Bel
gian and French.
Yawn AT Politics
They r among the best fed
people in the world. and most
Of them live comfortably
which may explain in part why,
unless things get very bad, Ar
gentines are inclined to yawn at
politicians. They want demo-
crazy but they usually don't do
much about it.
q Typical of the confusion cur
Tentlv Is the labor movement,
which has been split wide open
by Col. Juan Domingo Peron,
the off-again, on-again strong
man behind the military dicta-
torship. BY d~eereeing compul-
sorry wage increases, by lowering
rents and working hours by de-
cree. by selecting and building
up friends in the labor move
ment. Peron won considerable
support in the unions. He hal
: been telling labor that he is Civ.
ing it a New Deal.
Many Argentines say that a
majority Of labor is opposed 10
Peron, but that he is able TO en-
gineer a demonstration or strike
in his favor at any time.
Army Trouble
Argentina's difficulties find
their roots in many local fact
ors:
Political activity by army of.
%ficers, for years trained by Ger
man missions. Many Argentine
officers studied in Germany, alb
sorbed the psychology OF the
German general staff. Few Ar
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26

The gasoline used by one SUI
perfort to travel from the Mari
anas to Tokyo and back would
have kept an average motorist in
fuel for ten years.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-10-26

aarch-like that 13 years earlier
was greeted with applause.
Thousands of Argentines again
mad confused the meaning OF
vents. -
The army leaders promised to
lean things up and hold cleo
ions.
But it became clear that the
real ruler was Peron, leader OF
a group of ardent nationalist
those newspaper euiogized
3osas, Hitler and Mussolini.
He made the government a
trong-arm affair which set up
Gestapo, crushed all forms OF
expression, wooed labor, and
ven played up to local Commu-
lists by trying to enter into ne
citations for establishment Of
Citations with Moscow.
The army threw Peron out OF
MS posts Of vice president and
abor minister in maneuverine
mich wasn't quite clear, after
.nti-government demonstrations
by students and thousands oil
others.
Then Peron quickly re-estab-
lished his influence.
Elections were set for nexl
April 7 in the interval between
Peron's real or synthetic SLUMP
ard his quick bounce back tt
power.
Whether Peron is still arouno
on election day and whether
there are other candidates, re-
mains to be seen.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-03-16

The United Sia.es has about 30 important lighthouses.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-03-16
UNITED STATES
 ACTION REGARDS
 RUMANIAN GOVT,

WASHINGTON, March 16.-The creation of Big Three Commission on Rumania appeared possible after the United States called for consult tations over the establishment of the Communist controlled govern ment of Bucharest
 It is understood the American move was based on the Crirnean de- claration pledging the political in tegrity of liberated and ex-satellite countries, and ruling out single handed action by any of the big powers
 The present head of the Ruman- ian government. Premier GroZa head of the Communist controlled National Democratic Front, took of- flee March 6, and it is no secret in Allied capitals the previous govern ment of Nicolai Radescu was pushed cut under Russian pressure.
 The Moscow press some time ago charged the Radescu government with failure to purge Nazi Fascists from high positions and with in ability to maintain order.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-03-16
COAST GUARD
 WILL PROTECT kANILAFRoNT

WASHINGTON, D. C.-The first six Of a new fleet of radio-equiDped a0-foot fireboats, manned by U. s. Coast Guardsmen, now are on duty protecting water-f front facilities at newly captured ports in the Pacific. Almost as rapidly as docking facil- nies are established there, the sturdy new firefighters are assign ed to protect shipping, warehouses and cargo. Similar duties have oeen performed at every major port in the United States since the be- ginning of the war.
 The boats, of an entirely new de- sign, have a beam of IA feet and make 9 knots. They are capable of delivering 2,400 gallons of water q minute from four hoses. Built en- cirely of 1-inch plywood, the boats are protected from flames by a continuous spray which dampens the entire craft.
 From the oily waters of Pearl Harbor to the coral ledges of Sa1- pan and Guam, the doughty vessels will help protect Uncle Sams vita, wartime shipping and docking facil- ities. It is planned to assign Coast Guard fireboats to Manila and oth- CT large ports as they fall into Allied ] hands.
 Ten-man crews are trained at Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn. N. r.. and are sent overseas with their boats aboard cargo vessels. Coast Guardsmen have been serving over- seas on general duty since the begin- ming of the war, aboard invasion Fcraft, transports, and escort vessels.
 Coast Guardsmen presently pre- pairing to embarg for foreign duty are laying odds as to who will man the fireboats in the canals of Tokyo!