davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-01
History Week PIunned

Region H of the Lincoln Civic
Association will present Negro
History Week" program at 8 PM,
Evening star., 1945-02-01
Letter Carrier Goinu
Strong After "A Years
Postoffice Service

Forty-four years a letter carrier
and stin going strong is the record
OF Harry E. A. Gutshall, Sc. of 3249
Volta place NV, who works out of
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Scene WLuther;s Study
Is Captured By The 89h

hoped to stem the Third Army's
eastward advance from the town,
because It is a junction of prac-
tically all main highways, includ-
ing the Frankfurt to Berlin speed
way.
Fresh SIS troops were rushed in
to the city, which had a peacetime
population of $1,000. Their orders
were to hold out at all costs.
But they were surrounded. They
might have surrendered last night.
At the last moment, however.
when a German major and an
American major were comforting,
orders to resist came from Ger
man Maj. Gen. Handt.
''We must break off surrender
talks on orders from the supreme
commander of the Reich, the Ger
man major said. After that heavy
artillery carried on its own brand
Of, peace talk. The barrage lasted
all night. This morning the Ger
mans could offer no more opposi-
ton.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07

EISENACH, Germany, April g..
- U.D The town where Martin
Luther was supposed to have
thrown an inkpot at the Devil fell
after heavy Smelling at 8 am. to-
day to Maj. Gen. Thomas D. Fir
ley's 89th Division.
Yugoslavian and Czechoslovakl-
an refugees shouted hysterical
cheers as the Third Army Division
entered this city. Beside the cheer
ing refugees stood sullen Germans
and their weeping women.
Vorburg castle, where Luther
translated the Bible, was sieved
with shrapnel. The Germans used
it as an observation post. :.
Two columns of troops entered
the city and took. scores of pri-
soners as they marched triumph
antly through the streets.
Eisenach had been converted
into a German strongpoint when
the Fourth Armored Division by
passed it to take Gotha.
The German High Command
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07

Pacific waiting for the final sup
port they will so urgently need,
we shall be unable to meet these
very human DESIRES" he said.
He recognized that those desires
will be strong but said they must
be overcome to prevent the 'un.
necessary loss or mutilation OF
more young Americans.
'The moment hostilities cease
in Europe" he said, there will
be an overwhelming urge in ev-
cry man to rejoin his wife or his
family or to see his girl, to leave
the scenes of destruction and des-
olation in which he has fought and
labored at such great risks of life
and limb.
"Yet at that very moment, it is
imperative that we start the
movement through the Suez and
the Panama Canal of the units
needed~in the highest priority for
the acceleration of the campaign
in the Pacific''
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Lucena Falls
To Airborne
u. S. Forces
Two Airstrips Captured;
IA More Jap Ships Sunk
In China Sea

MANILA, Saturday, April 7.-Un,
American Airborne troops car.
ried by small scout planes have
seized Lucena, capital of Tayabas
province in Southern Luzon, ano
American bombers have sunk OF
damaged II more Japanese YES
se1s in China sea waters, a com.
munique disclosed today.
Troops of Maj. Gen. Joseph M
Swings 18th Airborne Division
made a 2O-mile forward hop ir
small scout planes, landed without
a fight on two airstrips at Lucena
and seized the landing fields and
the town. Lucena, about two miles
from Tayabas Bay, is a railroad
center.
The operation was carried out
Wednesday, the same day that
bombers attacked Hong Kong for
the third consecutive day.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's COM
munique indicated that Americans
were making rapid progress in ov-
errunning japanese straggler units
isolated in Southern and Eastern
LuZon.
Brig. Gen. Hanford MacNider's
I158th Regimental Combat team,
working side by side with Filipino
guerrillas, has cleared the entire
province of Sorsogon, covering the
tip of the Legaspi peninsula.
On the left of the 18th Airborne
troops, units of Maj. Gen. Leonard
Wings 43rd Infantry Division ad-
vanced 10 miles along the east
shore Of Laguna De Bay inland lake
southeast of Manila, and seized
Lumbar, rs IL miles north OF
Lucena.
The 43 Division also establish
ed contact with 18th Corps troops
which have been operating south
of Laguna De Bay.
In far northwestern Luzon, above
Baguio, Filipino guerrilla forces
seized Bangued, capital Of Abra
province, and were rapidly clear
ing the province.
Macarthur announced that Gen.
George c. Kenney's airmen had
scored direct hits with haf-ton
bombs on a 10,00O-ton merchant
vessel and two smaller craft in
their third consecutive heavy
strike at Hong Kong on the China
coast, where 1854 tons of bombs
were dropped.
Striking without opposition from
Continued on Page Two; Col. s.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
new FIRM TAKES
OVER BUSES HERE
Operation Starts Today;
No Change In Rates
Contemplated
The $50, 900 sale of the transpor-

The $150,000 sale of the transpor-
tation system Of the Tide Water
Power Co., to the Safeway Transit
Co., was consummated at 1890
pm. here yesterday and Vice
President R. O. Self announced
thereafter that operation Of the line
by his concern would start today.
The purchasers are Mr.. Self OF
Raleigh, and Samuel A. Jessup
and C. F. Cassell, both OF Char
lottesville, Va. Other members OF
the company, which is in the pro-
cess of being incorporated, are
Claude A. Jessup and w. S. Hill
dreth. both of Charlottesville.
The new company does not con-
template any change Of rates at
this time and will continue opera
ton of the system with the same
personnel, MIR. Self said. The firm
hopes to obtain ''some new buses"
as soon as is reasonably possible,
he reported.
The sale, which involved only the
rolling stock, parts, accessories
and franchises, was approved by
the N. c. Utilities commission in
Raleigh Thursday. None OF the real
Continued on Pare Three; Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Foe Held Splitting Army
Into &S.Led Guerrillas

had been established between the
German army and the SIS by a
joint order of SIS Leader Heinrich
Himmler and Field Marshal Will
helm Keitel.
1.-THE essence of the reorganiza-
tion," said a Geneva report as
broadcast by the Moscow radio,
sis the subdivision of existing
army groups and a corresponding
increase in the number Of higher
field headquarters with Opera
tional independence empowered to
deal with sudden critical situa-
tons which demand broad initia-
tive from commanders.
"Such Individual powers of ini-
tiative are necessary especially
when circumstances make it i'm
possible to establish contact with
higher military leadership when
units are cut off.
1T is noteworthy also that the
Continued on Page Two; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Soviiets Hit
Vienna From
Three Sides
Russians Clamp Rigid
BIackout On News From
Berlin Front

LONDON, April 6. - WI While
Soviet forces stormed Vienna
from three sides and by-passed it
in a drive for Bavaria, both Rus
sian and German reports indicated
today that a great battle was de-
veloping on the approaches of
Berlin and already might be in
full swing.
Capture of the big industrial
suburb Of Schwechat at the SOUTH
eastern edge of Vienna was an
nounced in the nightly Soviet COM
munique. Northeast of Vienna, the
Russians swept up to the Morava
river on a 37-rnile front.
The Soviet High Command
maintained a rigid news blackout
on the Berlin front, but unofficial
Moscow sources said the Russians
were making good progress to-
ward the Reich capital from Oder
river bridgeheads only 80 miles to
the east. Resistance was described
as increasingly bitter.
The German radio reported that
the soviets were shifting the full
weight of their armies to the Co.
erlitz and GubenWsgh sectors east
of Berlin and added that 'the
hour when the storm will break
is approaching"
The enemy reports envisioned a
three-directional attack on Berlin
from the southeast, from Kuestrin
on the Oder due east Of the city,
and from the Oder estuary at
Stettin on the capitals north
eastern approaches.
In the south, the Germans said,
Marshal Feodor I. Tolbukhin' S
Third Ukrainian Army had spear
ed IA miles into Austria from
southwestern Hungary and reach
ed Feldbach, only 81 miles from
the Austrian industrial center of
Graz. Feldbach and Fehring, six
miles to the east, were said to have
been recaptured by G e m a n
troops.
Front-line reports via Moscow
said Vienna had been closely in
vested from three sides and units
of Tolbukhin's army were battling
for the suburb of Simmering at
the eastern edge of the city, con-
troll point Of much of Vienna's pub
lie utility system.
Cutting the main railroad from
the city toward Linz and Munich,
other Russian forces were said to
have carried out wide swing in
the direction of the Bavarian from
tier.
Although resistance at Vienna
was reported much sitter than
that at Bradshaw which fell in a
one-day assault, the Russians had
borne down on the city so swiftly
1t was questionable if the Ger
'C0ntinued On Page Two; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Yank Armor
Is 80 Miles
From Bremen
Patton Pushes To Within
So Miles Of Leipzig
To Cut Retreat

PARIS, Saturday, April 7-UD-
Britain and American tanks adj
vanced within II miles of Han
mover in a five-mile plunge beyond
the Weser river yesterday and
struck northward to within 80 miles
of outflanked Bremen.
1t. Gen. George S. Patton's
American Third Army tanks to
catch up. pushed within So miles
of Leipzig, south of which Allied
pilots reported great German COL
umns on the move, possibly In re-
treat to their last-ditch citadel In
the Bavarian Alps.
1t. Gen Courtney H. Hodges
First Army's spectacular advance
put four Allied armies on or across
the Weser, the next to last defense
line for Berlin on the west. The
Germans reporting that the Rus
SLAMS were on the move only 80
miles east of Berlin, envisioned an
imminent assault on the rubbed
Nazi capital from virtually poins
Allies and the Red Army.
Four sizeable German cities with
a total peacetime population of 231.
|000-Meiningen and Eisenach on
the Third Army front; Hamm in
the encircled Ruhr; and Diepholtz
on the road to" Brene11-feu yester-
day.
1t. Gen. William H. Simpsons
Ninth Army and 1t. Gen. Sir Miles
C. Dempsey's British Second push
ing beyond the Weser in the north
were 152 miles due west of Ber-
lin, II southwest Of Hamburg, Sec
ond city of the Reich, and threat
ening to hammer wedge between
Bremen and Hanover.
The Hanover radio warned the
Allied tanks and motorized infan-
try were converging on the city
between Hamelin and Hildeshein,
the latter only IA miles southeast
Of Hanover.
Gen. H. D. G. Crerar's Canadian
First Army made gains as high
as Is miles in slashing into Hol-
land at opposite ends of a 35-mile
front in drive designed to compile
tely trap an estimated $4,000 Ger
mans. In the north, the Cana
dams were within IL miles of cut
ting the enemy's last major rail es-
cape route. ana in the south they
reached within % miles of the Zui-
der Zee by pushing to within two
miles Of Deventer.
The Allies were moving 80 fast
Berlin said they were using gliders
Continued on Page Three; Col. -
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
CINCINNATI GROUP
OPENS CONVENTION
Society Will Hold Business
Session At Orton
Today

Members of the North Carolina
society of the Cincinnati and their
guests gathered last night at the
governor Dudley restaurant on
oouth Front street for get-to-
se'ner during the annual meeting
Oh the State branch.
"A meeting will be held about
xoon Today at Orion Plantation for
sie election of officers. admis-
s nun OF new members and other
BUSINESS pushes Tonight at the Governor
nnuoley, Col. Bryce Metca1f, of
r r York City, president of the
Iohhectlcutt Society and presi-
uie.nt-seneral will address the Soc
Wy on the estate of the Nation.
Yesterday afternoon at the Cape
~ ear club the standing committee
u ne State Society approved the
TT1pphcat!on of 10 new members.
t me applications will be presented
noon. 'A' "i'eiiiooii'
49,, j, Laurence sprunt, of Whining
WI; is receiving visiting members
s''u making arrangements during
'''i'''hued on Page Three; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
GERMAN CRUISER
SUNK BY YANKS
Il Vessels Believed Lost,
Including Eight Nazi
U-Boats

LONDON, April 6.-WH-Anaer-
lean and British heavy bombers
sank at least Fl German vessels.
including eight U-boats and the
German light cruiser ''Koeln'' and
damaged nine others in attacks
last week on the German Naval
ports Of Bremen, Wilhelmshaven
and Hamburg, it was announced
today.
In addition, SERIOUS and wide
spread damage" was wrought
against U-boat building and Naval
repair yards at the three ports,
further Gripping blow to the al
ready weakened German Navy.
The attacks were carried out
March 30 and 81. A conmunique
summarizing results and based on
subsequent aerial photographs, wax
issued by the U. S. strategic Air
Force today as more than 1880
Of its warplanes attacked German
rail yards at Leipzig, Halle, and
Gera.
The air ministry announced that
British coastal command mosque
tos sank or left burning five more
small or medium merchant yes.
sells in attacks on two enemy con-
voys in the Kattegat Thursday.
the Raj lost seven planes and the
Germans four in Norwegian coas-
tai operations.
The 'cKoeln," which carried 4
peacetime complement Of 600 Off
GERS and men, was hit in an Am
erican attack on Wilhelmshaven
March 80.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
ALLIES STRIKE
in WEST ITALY
Berlin Describes Drive As
Major Offensive In
Mountains

ROME, April g. WD Fifth Ar
my forces surged forward for a
two-mile gain today on the sec
ond day of surprise thrust in
western Italy that was described
by Berlin as major attack. -
Pushing off from positions at
Strettoia and Azzano in the rough
mountainous country adjoining the
Ligurian coastal plain, Allied
troops outfianked Mt. Fragolito
from the east and northeast before
being halted by a strong German
counterattack.
The long stalemate on the 1tal-
ian front appeared to be broken
in fulfil.ment of the promise OF
Gen. Mark W. Clark, 18th Army
Group commander, that Allied for
ces woulc break loose in major
offensive 'soon' to GUST the Ger
mans from Italy.
The enemy counterattack came
from the town of Porta, just west
OF the coastal highway, and heavy
fighting is continuing, the Allied
headquarters communique said.
Planes of the Tactical Air Force
lent support to the surprise at
tack, concentrating on detectives
south Of the great enemy port OF
La Spezia, about % miles ahead
of Fifth Army positions. German
ammunition and fuel dumps,
troop concentrations and front line
positions were hit.
Meanwhile on the Adriatic sec
tor in the east, Eighth Army forces
seized four small islands in Lake
Comacchio, giving them important
posts.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
H. S. WouldRack CHANGES
In DumbQrton Oaks Plan

appointed permanent secretary
general.
3. The State Department an
nounced that the preliminary
meeting of the United Nations jur-
lists to frame legal structure for
the new world court would open
here next Monday. Only % OF the
46 nations invited to San Fran
cisco are sending international
law experts.
4. The preliminaries Of the San
Francisco conference will begin
formally next Monday with
large public session to start the
jurists' meeting. Stettinius and
other representatives will deliver
addresses and the ambassadors OF
the United Nations plus the entire
U. S. delegation will attend.
5. Stettinius revealed that a
chair is being reserved at 5 a n
Francisco for Poland and that the
United States is doing all IN It's
power to establish a new Polish
government before then.
6. Stettinius declined to say
whether the United States would
sponsor Argentina to become a
signatory to the United Nations
declaration. He merely said this
country was gratified that Argen-
tina had signed the 81 resolutions
adopted in Mexico City a
month.
7. The u. S. delegation, includ-
ing Stettinius, will arrive in San
Francisco about April 20 or 81.
It must be there to greet arrivals
The exact date of Stettinius' ar
rival will depend upon the earliest
arriving delegation.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Allies Drive Within II Miles Of Hanover
First Joins Ma1nh Toward German Capital
New Red Push In Berlin Believed Under WAY
ArmyReady ToShM
To FarEast Theater
Marshall Says Plans Made To Move Equip.
ment And Men From Europe Into War
Against Jap At Moments Notice

WASHINGTON, April 6-W.D-
Gen. George c. Marshall, chief Of
staff, asserted today that the Ar,
my is prepared to shift it's Euro
pean war machine to the Far East
literally on an hours notice,
whenever that hour Strikes
He said in an Army Day ad-
dress that the War Department be-
gan planning the transfer more
than year ago and that it now
is ready to put the plans into op-
Grafton as soon as the European
war permits.
He told the military order of the
world wars that it is imperative
to make the shift as rapidly as
possible despite the very human
desires" of the men in Europe
and their families to the contrary.
''Unless we are to accept an
avoidable increase in our casual
ties, unless we are to leave mil
lions of young men in the Far
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
Jap Attacks
On Carriers
Are Repealed
Enemy Loses Over $50
Planes To Yanks Off
Okinawa Isle

GUAM, Saturday, April 7-UD-
The Japanese air force, launching
desperate attack on the United
States invasion fleet off Okinawa
island, has lost $50 or more air
craft to American carrier fighter
planes in flaming aerial battles
and reports of enemy losses still
incomplete, Adm. Chester w. MINI
itz announced today.
Some American ships received
minor damage in the attack but
every one remained fully opera
tional, NimitZ said.
Ninitz's tally cot enemy losses
covered the period up to late after
noon Friday, and it was indicated
that the aerial battle, one of the
most savage of the Pacific war
still was i'll progress at that time.
The Enemy apparently had
drawn on his waning plane strength
from all possible bases within
reach of Okinawa, possibly from
Formosa and the japanese home
land as well as the Ryukyus, in an
attempt to cripple the vast Amer
lean invasion fleet.
Hellcat and Corsair fighter
planes of two fast carrier task
groups under Rear Adm. Frederick
Sherman and Rear Adm. J. J.
Clark smashed the Japanese at
tack.
Nimitz emphasized that his re-
ports Of enemy losses were pre-
liminary and incomplete.
In addition, to the $50 planes shot
down over the sea, the Japanese
lost nine planes Thursday night
and before dawn Friday in attacks
on American ground forces on Oki-
nawa.
Before Nimitz's announcement,
a naval spokesman at Washing
ton said that the Okinawa cam
pign, including operations by Brit
ish naval forces and American Su-
perfortresses, had cost the Japa-
nese 1912 planes destroyed or
damaged since March 18. Of these,
Vice Adm. Marc A Mitscher's car
rier task forces accounted for 954.
Enemy ship losses for the period,
the spokesman said, totalled 493-
224 sunk and the others probably
sunk or damaged.
(CBS Correspondent Don Pryor,
who witnessed the aerial battle off
Okinawa, said he saw seven enemy
planes so down in 80 minutes.
CT had seen only a sample of
it," Pryor said. 'It had been 60
Continued on Page Two; Col. g.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07

LONDON, April 6. - up - The
Germans were reported today to
be splitting up the Wehrmacht in
to practically autonomous army
groups under SIS (elite guard con-
troll for last ditch resistance and
guerrilla warfare.
The scheme is called "decen-
tralized resistance" according to
Swiss reports which said it was
adopted at a recent emergency
military conference at Adolf Hit
ler's headquarters.
These reports followed Gen.
Isenhower's statement that guer-
rilla. warfare could be expected
in Germany because OF recent
Western Front experiences that
s'even when formations as small as
divisions are disrupted their frag-
ments continue to fight until sur
rounded"
The wehrmacht reshuffling was
reported as the official German
radio announced that full equality
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07
TOTO In Mew Jap Cabinet;
German Mews AgencySqys

LONDON, April g. WH Adm.
Kantaro Suzuki has formed new
Japanese cabinet including Gen.
Hideki TOTO, who engineered the
Pearl Harbor attack, and five 9TH
er former premiers, the German
Transocean agency reported TO-
night on the basis of broadcast
by the Japanese-controlled Singa-
pore radio.
The Transocean Singapore re.
port, which was not confirmed by
Tokyo radio, said that 77-yearold
Suzuki had submitted his cabinet
list to Emperor Hirohito at the
moated Imperial Palace after two
days of negotiations.
According to Transocean, the
prospective cabinet members in
clude:
Suzuki, TOTO, Prince Fumimaro
Konoye, Adm. Deisuke Okada, Ko-
XII Hirota, Baron .Kiichiro Hiranu-
ma and Baron Reijiro Watasuke,
all former premiers.
An additional member, it was
said, is Marquis Koichi KIDD,
keeper CT the Privy Seal.
Konoye stepped down from the
cabinet in October, 1871, in favor
of a militaristic cabinet under To-
jo. TOTO was thrown out July 10,
1914, in favor of Gen. Kuniaki Koi-
so, who in turn resigned in dis
grace a few hours before Russia
denounced the Russo Japanese
neutrality pact.
Before the report of the cabinet
formation was broadcast, the Jap
anese Foreign Office had said de-
family that the country was ready
to meet any developments which
might arise as the result Of Rus
sia's denlnciation.
Tokyo radio said that the I'M
perial Foreign Office would make
''the greatest effort" to maintain
neutrality with Russia but added:
at is fully prepared and ready
to respond to and cope with any
and all situations that might arise"
The denunciation was mot I'M
foreseen" by the Foreign Office,
Tokyo said. Maintenance OF neu-
CONTINUED on Page Two; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-07

WASHINGTON, April g. U.D
Secretary of State Edward r.
Stettinius, Jr., promised today
that any nation-even the drafters
of the Dumbarton Oaks proposals
would be free to sponsor amend
ments to that plan for world or
ganization at San Francisco.
This press conference statement
was made as the U. S. delegation
prepared to begin almost contin-
uous sessions next week. High on
it's agenda will be the eight
amendments proposed by Sen. Ar
thur H. Vandenburg, CR-Mich) a
delegate.
Stettinius' statement contrasted
with one made in the Soviet En-
bassy's information bulletin. Quot
ing an article in the Moscow pub
LEGATION, WAR and The Working
Glass;, it said the Dumbarton
Oaks proposals virtually amount
to an agreement by the Big Four
mot only to refrain from repudi-
ating or amending them, but to de-
fend them against possible at
tenpts on the part of other par
Elephants to amend or weaken
them
There were these other develop
ments today: o.
/. President Roosevelt appoint
ed Stettinius to be temporary
chairman of the San Francisco
Conference in accordance with di-
plomatic custom. The conference
will elect a permanent president
and, if custom is followed, Stet-
tinius will be chosen.
2. Alger Hiss, State Department
expert on world organization was