davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-04

The first winter after the presidential
election is Hot Stove League" time in
politics, but the former Republican
presidential candidate. Thomas E.
Dewey, has been busy. The legislative
session in Albany, now finished, was
an unhappy one. Gov Dewey kept
control. but the Republican members
went home in no particularly happy
frame Of mind. They will recover and
swing Loyalty behind Gov. Dewey when
he runs for reelection In 1916, no doubt.
There is considerable disquiet among
the leaders Of the Republican party
all over the State. This IL not unusual
when q strong Governor in Albany is
running things. The boys complain
about patronage and about the Gov
ernor's appointment Of nonpolitical peo-
pie in key jobs. An experienced politi-
cal reporter has heard such complaints
before. That's how party leaders talked
about Grover Cleveland when he was
Governor Of New York years ago. T. r.
was very troublesome to Tom Plat, the
State boss at the turn Of the century.
Gov. Charles Evans Hughes was like
wise at odds with Boss Barnes. Even
Al Smith had political trouble.
In the session just ended. the most
pubkcized piece Of legislation was the
antidiscrin1ination bill. It passed finally
In substantially the form in which /.
WAS introduced. Gov. Dewey gave 1t
strong support, aided by powerful lobbies
from minority groups.
The history OF this bill has very i'm
portant political overtones New York
has many laws against discrimination
Of all sorts. But this bill provides against
discrimination In private employment
because Of race, creed, color or ma
Evening star., 1945-04-04

the uberating forces Of the United
States may meet in Okinawa is q
peculiar malarial fever called Yae-
yama which has operated to keep
the population Of the islands at
about half million. The health
problem has much in common with
that which faced American engineers
and doctors when they first under
took to build the Panama Canal.
Evening star., 1945-04-04

will be remembered with a shudder
and serve as a kind Of synonym for
evil-doing on a monstrous scale.
There was once some talk that this
man, because OF his position as a
chief Of state. might somehow be
excused and escape punishment,
while his subordinates received
what they deserved. The War Crimes
Commission has now put an end to
all such speculation. making clear
that government heads - including
perhaps even Hirohito will face
trial If apprehended. In other words,
unless he kills himself or is disposed
of by assassins in the meantime,
Hitler will be called to accounts and
made to pay for all the terrible
things he has done. The world he
has tormented will agree unani-
mously on the rightness of that;
anything less would be travesty of
elementary justice.
Evening star., 1945-04-04

The regular army officers and
reserviSts not belonging to the party
have fought well for nearly six years.
But 1t Is dif1cult to believe that they
have any incentive to kill themselves,
since they know that whatever happens
the Reich Is lost. It is hard to think OF
leaders, such as Won Rundstedt and
Field Marshal Kesselring, advocating
suicidal war that will serve no patriotic
purpose.
Until q few months ago no such
opinion could have been expressed by
any one in Germany. Even hint that
the war might be useless was punishable
by immediate death. But Himmler,
while still waging good deal OF terrorist
force in areas where the Allies have not
penetrated, has had his wings badly
clipped. His Gestapo hangmen are 80
busy preparing the new defense sector
they cannot control the population,
and particularly the commanding
officers, as heretofore. Only the "re-
iables," that is to say, those who are
on the Allied list of war criminals, ac-
companied by fanatics who believe that
death is preferable to surrender, are to
be found in the last bastion OF the Reich.
The withdrawal into the mountains
does not imply that the Nazis have all
been withdrawn from the plains Of Ger
many. Troops have been left behind to
create confusion by sabotage, assassina-
tions and other terrorist acts. Such
acts have been planned for some time
and are intended to make the Allied
occupation as dificult as possible. Ac-
cording to some informants, the German
high command in the past stubbornly
resisted all suggestions that chemical
warfare be used. This was not done
because of the humanitarian element,
but because the German generals were
fully aware that the Allies could
'retaliate instantly.
The Nazi leaders had to bow before
the strong arguments of the professional
soldiers. But now, when the game Is
lost, 1t is possible that the Gestapo out
fits which are left behind might resort
to any act of desecration left to them
1t will be a difficult task for the Allied
authorities to smoke out the agents left
behind in big cities and 1t is from them
that the chief danger may come.
Evening star., 1945-04-04
Pinhook Fisherman

He likes the feel OF dust oet,oesn his
toes;
The quiet road and ne are bosom,
friends. ys1
He has gro,on intimate NTH tDtllo,Ds.
knotDS =. 'e~. ..e.
The kind to choose, the special kind
that lends
Itself to be an ideal fishing Sole.
He cuts the notch, securely ties the
string &s.~s
Starred by pin-hook. Soaring from !.
his soul, Z.
His whistle. through the htlls u echo.
ing.
Patience noU seems to be In every part
OF him. He sits 20 stiu ysnd wdits,
and tDdtts -.
He sees the shining silper n.infotD dart,
And sees the ring a skipping midgs
creates,
And In a realm Uhere silence laughs and
sings
He builds his to.rering dreams OF littls
things.
ROSE MYRA PHnLIPs.
Evening star., 1945-04-04
Positive Evidence Lacking

Development OF the Potomac River
Valley for hydroelectric power. flood
control. pollution elimination. pro-
lection of water supply, ETC., as visu-
allied in the preliminary studies OF
the Army engineers, ordinarily
would be expected to follow a per-
sistent campaign of public agitation
for such treatment. based on an
obvious and pressing need
1t is perfectly possible that in years
to come there may be such de-
mand. But it does not exist now.
The Army engineers are yet to pre-
sent their complete case to the pub
lie, and for that reason it would be
premature. at least, to condemn it
now as wholly infeasible. But it
seems, at this stage, to reflect the
ideas of public-power advocates as
to what might be done in the Po-
tomac Valley rather than what
should be done to supply any exist
ing or Immediately anticipated
needs of the public welfare.
The overwhelming public opposi-
ton registered at yesterdays hear
ing came, in the main, from the
people whose lands and whose homes
would be destroyed or threatened
with destruction as an incident to
power-dam construction. They were
Joined by individuals and spokesmen
for agencies who believe that in the
long run the preservation of the
natural beauties of the Potomac
River Valley is more important than
commercial utilization of the rivers
power potentialities. The flood-con-
troll and pollution elimination as
poets of the development have been
so subjugated to power production
as to make difficult any judgment
on their merits alone.
Yesterdays public hearings are
merely one stage of the lengthy pro-
ceedings involved in ultimate dis
position of the Potomac Valley prof.
ect. The testimony will become a
part OF the report from the Army
engineers to the Governors of Mary
land, Virginia and West Virginia
The complete record. with the COM
ment from the Governors, will then
go to Congress. At that time it will
become a public document, available
for a more detailed study of the
power project than is possible at
this time.
In the meantime, it is a fallacy
to draw parallel between the Ten
nessee Valley and the Potomac VAL
ley on the assumption that the IVA
has pointed the way for a future
PVA Economic conditions as we'll
as the nature of demand for electric
power in the two areas are different.
Before Congress or the people OF
Maryland, Virginia and West Vir-
ginia are willing to embark on an
expenditure of quarter of a billion
dollars to harness the Potomac, more
positive evidence of the benefits
than now is available will have to
be produced.
Evening star., 1945-04-04
Munpower Defeat

The defeat of the conference man
power bill means that for the first
time since Pearl Harbor the Senate
has refused to enact important legis-
lation which, in the judgment of the
President and his military leaders,
is needed in the prosecution Of the
war.
Party lines did not hold in the vot-
ing. A number of Senators who cam
paigned for the reelection of Mr..
Roosevelt last fall on the ground
that his continuance in Office was
necessary to the winning of the war,
and who pledged him their unstinted
support, voted against the bill which
he had advocated. Others who have
never been supporters Of the Presi-
dent voted for 1t. Some opposed the
measure in the earnest belief that
1t would prove harmful; others mere
ly followed the dictates of labor
leaders whose shallow talk about
slave labor carried more weight than
the considered appeals of the men
responsible for the conduct of the
war.
There remains chance that a So
called voluntary manpoWer bill-a
timid, disingenuous and ineffective
measure-will yet be adopted. But
the great probability is that there
will be no manpower legislation Of
any kind Should this be the case,
events will test the judgment of the
Senators. 1t may be that, without
any legislation, we will obtain the
production necessary to win the war
in the shortest possible time. But
if this should not be so, II the
expected labor crisis should result
in a longer war and a needlessly
greater loss of life among the young
Americans who have been drafted
and sent out to fight for their coun-
try, the responsibility will rest
squarely on the forty-six Senator'S
who have set their judgment ahead
of that of the President and his
military advisers.
Evening star., 1945-04-04
This Changing World
By ConsfaNfins BrowH

Following orders from the real fuehrer
Of Germany, Gestapo Chief Heinrich
Himmler, the best IS divisions on the
western and italian fronts are being
pulled into the mountains Of Bavaria
and Austria for q last-stand fight
against the Allies.
Ever since the failure Of Field Marshal
Won Rundstedt's push In the Ardennes
the Naz leaders have been piling up
ammunition, food and other essential
supplies in the mountains.
According to some reports, they are
organizing small plants where major
repair work could be done to their
military equipment. None but the most
loyal and fanatical troops are being
moved into that resistance to death"
area where the important members Of
the party being pictured as gathering
together with the pledge to die rather
than surrender.
The fertilization Of the Bavarian and
Austrian Alps Is said to be proceeding
and Himmler may hope that his forces
estimated at between 100000 and 3o0,-
o00-will be able to hold out until these
fortifications have been completed.
Few If any of the German generals
and high-ranking officers Of the regular
army are believed to have joined plans
for this last-stand resistance. Hinnmler
and the rest Of the Nazi leaders are
said to be thoroughly disguised with
the "defeatist" attitude of the regular
army men. While the Nazis think In
terms of destruction rather than sur
render, the professional German gen.
erals have known for some time that
the Reich has lost the war. 1t would
be natural to expect them to seek
negotiated surrender in order to save
what is left of German manpower.
These regulars feel that they may
not come under the heading Of war
criminals and believe that once they
have surrendered they will be dealt with
like the leaders of any other defeated
army. The courteous treatment of the
captured German generals by both the
Allies in the west and in the east has
encouraged this opinion. The generals
and other officers and men captured by
the Anglo-American forces enjoy all
the advantages Of prisoners Of war ac-
cording to the rules as set up in the
various international conventions.
Evening star., 1945-04-04
Hitler and Justice

so as not to foreWarn the obScurer
individuals scheduled for trial and
punishment, the United Nations War
Crime Commission is keeping secret
It's ever-lengthening lists of war
criminals. 1t does not hesitate to
reveal, however, that Hitler holds a
topmost position in the black COM
pany of international thieves, ter
rorists. sadists and assassins.
The Fuehrers qualifications for
such. an unenviable distinction, are
so obvious that there is no point in
being secretive about them. He
knows as well as the rest of the world
Or at least should know that his
record cries out for the sternest kind
of judgment. He came to power in
Germany by lying and cheating and
using an army of thugs. And then
he forced the German people into
line, prosecuting the Jews and other
minorities, burning books, debasing
the universities, preaching hate,
establishing concentration camps,
employing whip, gun, gallows and
chopping block to sweep away the
opposition and regimenting, in this
manner, the whole country until 1t
was ready to do whatever he ordered.
From the day OF his ascendancy
Hitler worked toward war, and when
he finally achieved that, he robbed
his neighbors, he tortured them, he
murdered innocent hostages. he in
troduced the deadly art Of indiscrim-
inately bombing civilians, he laid
waste cities. he launched programs
deliberately designed to destroy-by
starvation, lethal gas chambers and
other hideous means - peoples he
called inferior" The indictment
can be extended almost indefinitely.
but the substance of 1t is that he
poisoned human society. brought
agony to hundreds of millions Of
men. women and children, and today
has such blood and guilt upon his
hands that for generations his name
Evening star., 1945-04-04
A Great Feat of Arms
By Maj. George Fieldins Eliot

General Of the Army Dwight d. Eisen-
hower's order Of the day. announcing
to the officers and men Of his forces
the encirclement OF an entire German
army group and part Of another. reflects
justifiable pride In . great feat Of
arms.
In order to analyze in detail what
has happened, We must 80 back to the
German dIpositions along the Rhine
front from the sea eastward and south
ward to Cologne As Of the period when
the Allied armies came racing up to
the Rhine on . broad front after dis
posing Of the German resistance in the
Rhineland.
At that time, the 26th German Army
was charged with the defense OF the
German positions In the Netherlands.
Its responsibility probably extended Is
far east aS Emmerich., The LIST Para
troop Army was Withdrawing across the
Rhine through the Wesel brideshead,
after hard fight with the 1st Canadian
Army. These two armies comprise Army
Group H, commanded by Field Marshal
Johannes Blaskowitx.
From the Ruhr southwark, the de-
Tense Of the Rhine was taken up by
the 5th Panzer Army cot which two or
three armored divisions had just been
withdrawn after futile attempt to
delay the American advance on Cologne)
and the 18th Army. These two armies
comprised Army Group B, commanded
L., MAJ f. sko1
X
It fell to Models responsibility to
deal with the Remasen bridgehead.
Lacking sufncient mobile reserves, ne
could not prevent the rapid expansion
Of that bridgehead, and was presently
driven northward to the River Sies,
where he managed to stabilize the sit
uation a. far as the Allied push up the
Rhine was concerned. But then the
American lst Army broke out eastward
In the f,rst move Of the great envelop-
ment which has now been completed.
The LIST Army was able to do this with
out anxiety as to its right, or outer
flank, which was protected by the rapid
advance Of the Sd United States Army.
Whether the 18th United States Army
Is participating in this operation has
not yet been announced.
Field Marshal Model meanwhile had
other anxieties. The 21st Army Group
had broken across the Rhine north Of
the Ruhr and was driving back the
elements Of the lst Paratroop Army.
This was beginning to expose Models
northern flank while good many Of
his best divisions were engaged along
the Sies. Just what measures he took
to deal with this situation are un-
known, but 1t certainly appears that
three or four Of the divisions OF the
lst Paratroop Army were driven south
ward and have probably passed for the
time being under Models command.
Meanwhile the 2lst Army Group drove
east, the LIST United States Army and
other elements Of the l2th Army Group
swung round to the northeast and then
north, and the two linked up well east
ward OF the Ruhr districts, completing
the great design Of forging steel ring
around Models group Of armies. Within
Evening star., 1945-04-04

this ring there are probably now some
20 or as German divisions, or parts Of
Divisions. Most Of these units are far
below even the reduced normal es-
tablishment Of these times: probably the
actual number Of German troops In
volved is less than 100000
Meanwhile the bulk of the 1st Para
troop Army appears to have swung back
to the north. Field Marshal Blaskowitz
may well have taken alarm as soon as
he perceived Cd that Model could not
help him and was in imminent danger
Of being encircled; t2) that the Axis
under direction Of Field Marshal Mont
gomerys main effort was northeast and
north, threatening to reach the coast
and cut OF the whole Of Army Group
H, as well, in Z second steel-ringed
pocket" At any rate, Blaskowitz ap-
pears to have ordered general evacua-
ton Of the northern and eastern parts
Of the Netherlands, disposing the tough
divisions Of his 1st Paratroop Army to
cover the escape Of such parts of the
25th Army as could be moved, plus
antiaircraft and other special units and
the more valuable categories Of sup
plies. When this evacuation began,
clouds covered the Netherlands, but on
the following morning they cleared over
the eastern part Of the country. per-
mitting heavy and continuous air at
tacks against the German truck columns
throughout the day, particularly in the
vicinity of Enschede
y x*
Montsomery's troops continue to press
northward, and there seems fair
chance that good part of the re-
naming strength Of Army Group H
will soon be as securely enveloped as
Army Group B, farther south.
AS to the latter army group, Gen.
Eisenhower's announcement makes 1t
clear Uhe point was in doubt until them
that the bulk Of the German troops
composing the 5th Panzer and 18th
Armies are still in the trap, that their
withdrawal has not been accomplished,
that the American encircling movement
has been too quick for them again, just
as Patton was too quick for the Ger.
man 1st and 7th Armies In the Rhine
Saar-Moselle triangle.
Considering In addition to this the
plight Of Army Group H, the chances
that the Germans can hold for any length
Of time . defensive position along the
Weser River seem remote, indeed. They
may have saved Z mere handful Of divi-
sions from the twin debacle in the
west, but these could not defend long
river line for more than day or two.
Indeed, presuming that the western
traps can be kept closed, 1t will be supply
considerations rather than the resist
ance Of the enemy that will delay the
further progress of the Allied Armies
into Germany.
We may, Of course, expect the Ger
mans to make desperate efforts to break
out OF the Allied encirclement. So far,
all such efforts have been thrown back,
and the ring about Army Group B
grows smaller; while that about Army
Group H, though not yet drawn tight,
is being rapidly closed. Outside these
rings, there are no troops worth speak
ing of between the Allied arms and
Berlin.
Eopyrisht. 1e4S)
Evening star., 1945-04-04
YuItu Confusion

Secretary Stettinius' announce
rnent that this Government will
support Russian request for three
votes in the General Assembly of
the proposed security organization,
but will not seek more than one
vote for the United States, is clear
definition of what our future po-
sition will be on this point. But it
is hardly satisfactory explanation
of the confusion resulting from the
original secrecy after Yalta and last
Thursdays statement from the
White House.
This statement was released by
the White House after the New York
Herald Tribune had reported the
secret proposal for change in the
assembly voting procedure. Ac-
cording to the text of the statement,
the American and British repre-
sentatives at Yalta agreed to sup
port the Soviet demand for three
votes instead of the one proposed
at Dumbarton Oaks, but in doing
so the American representatives
stated that, if the Soviet Republic
were to receive three votes, "the
United States would ask for three
votes also"
In his statement yesterday Mr.
Stettinius said that the newspaper
publication of some of the facts
pertaining to the secret agreement
was responsible for the White House
statement of last Thursday. and he
implied that at that time there had
been no final decision as to the po-
sition this country would take.
Where the White House statement
was explicit in stating that the
United States would ask for three
votes also" Mr. Stettinius said that
"ir the circumstances, the Amer
lean representatives at Yalta be-
lieved that it was their duty to re-
serve the possibility of the United
States having three votes in the
General Assembly,"
Obviously, the two statements do
not say the same thing, although
the difference In their meaning may
not actually be Of great Importance.
1t is important, however, for the
Government to avoid even the ap-
pearance of self-contradiction in
public statements dealing with
necessarily secret preliminary dis
cussionS
The outlook for the San Francisco
Conference has not been improved
oy what seem to be misunderstand-
ings with the Russians on points
supposedly settled at Yalta, al
though these disagreements. so far
as the known facts 60, do not seem
important enough to interfere with
the holding of the San Francisco
Conference as scheduled Even
though troublesome. it ought to be
possible to thrash them out and
reach satisfactory settlement. Be-
cause that possibility exists, how
ever, tits the more important that
this Government spare no effort to
avoid misunderstanding on the part
of the American people. It would
be unfortunate indeed If an agree
ment should be worked out at San
Francisco only to be received in this
country in an atmosphere of need
less suXoicion and distrust
Evening star., 1945-04-04
The Devils Organ
By David Laurence
. st. Louis Post Dispatch.

A Swiss newspaper reports that the
Nazis have a new VS. terror weapon
known as the Devils Organ" The
paper says the Nads experimented with
Russian prisoners, dropping balloons
carrying an instrument which created
such an unbearable howl that the
prisoners went insane.
The report could be true, judging from
recent work in "supersonics." In Cali
fornia, 4 water reservoir is protected
from the nuisance Of birds by sound
waves which are beyond human recep-
ton, but annoy the birds. However, II
the Nazis intend to turn such device
against humanity, naming 1t the Devils
organ" is q libel on Lucifer.