davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-05

I, providing for common action In
war against Germany and her allies
In the defense Of contiguous terri
tories, including Newfoundland and
Alaska. and adjacent waters"
sharp Exchange of Words.
Mr.. Mitchell's partial report to
the committee on his investigation
Iof the winds" message, which Re-
publican Representative has insisted
was missing from the files OF inter-
cepted Japanese code communica-
tions, led to sharp exchange be-
tween the lawyer and Senator Fer
guson.
"Are you trying to tell the COM
mittee the weight to give certain
testimony" Senator Ferguson de-
manded.
Il have my opinion Of the weight
lof the evidence" Mr.. Mitchell re-
torted, "and don't intend to
apologize for It,"
Before the hearings began, Repre-
sentative Gearhart, Republican, of
California, member Of the COM
mittee, charged in the House that
the winds" message was missing
from the files.
/ No Record Of Interception.
/ Mr.. Mitchell told the committee
he had been unable to find any
record that the message ever had
been intercepted by this country
and he was checking with other
governments in the United Nations
Australia had no record OF the
winds code, he said. and he had
not yet heard from Great Britain
and the Dutch government.
\ Representative Keefe, Republican
OF Wisconsin joined in the discus
sion which Senator Ferguson started
by observing that the COMMITTEES
counsel seemed to be very i'm
pressed with his own conclusions
regarding certain evidence.
"As far as I'm concerned" Mr.
Keefe said, "as a member of the
committee must reserve my con-
clusions until all the evidence Is In.
I'm not trying to Ak the opinions
or conclusions Of the committee In
any way" Mr.. Mitchell replied. But
for my part, have very grave doubt
whether the Japanese ever sent out
this winds message prior to Decem-
Der T."
One File Missing.
It was true, Mr.. Mitchell told the
committee, that File TOOL" of the
Nays intercepted messages was
missing. But careful investigation
he said, had developed that even il
the winds" message had been re-
ceived, it would not have beer
placed in that file, because 1t was
reserved for messages which had
been intercepted and decoded. and
the winds message was not or
such list.
| The committee counsel said the
investigation SO far seemed to indi.
cate the report of the message wa,
much ado about nothing" He add.
ed that 1T has taken on a romantic
aura which does not seem justified.
| Even If the japanese had SEN
out that message" Mr.. Mitchell said
"and We had intercepted it, we woule
have learned from it that diplo.
matte relations with the Unitee
States were endangered. Thus w
would have known very little tina
We did not know already
East wind, rain" meant war with
the United States under a code
which the Japanese had decided u
use only when all normal communi-
cations were cut OF, Mr.. Mitchell
pointed adding:
/ But the proof already shows that
they were able to use the ordinar,
Evening star., 1945-12-05
McVuy
Continued From First Page

sion. Comdr. Redmayne said he
was positive the second explosion
was not caused by the blowing up of
a boiler.
Comdr. Haynes declared that the
second of two explosions threw him
out of his bunk and his room filled
with fire, burning some of his hair.
He started toward the sick bay, but
when he reached the ward room he
tainted because of the heat and
burned his hand as he fell to the
deck.
Linked Arms and Swan.
A porthole was open and he sue
ceeded in climbing through. The
sick bay was partially under water
and he started putting life jackets
on the men. When the ship tilted
they linked arms in the water and
swan away from the ship.
More than 20 of the men died the
first night from burns and injuries.
he said. Only 90 of the 300 to 400
who were part of the group with
which he was swimming were res
Evening star., 1945-12-05
Army, Navy Leaders
To Confer in Tokyo

BY the Associated Press.
TOKYO, Dec. 5.-American Army
and Navy leaders, including 1t. Gen.
Albert C. Wedemeyer, American
commander in China, and Admirals
Raymond A. Spruance and Daniel E.
Barley are gathering to confer on
rehabilitation, repatriation and oc-
cupation problems.
Admiral Spruance, new command
er in chief. Pacific Fleet, arrived to-
day and Admiral Barley, 7th Fleet
commander, was expected this eve
ming. Gen. 'Wedemeyer is due to-
morrow.
Evening star., 1945-12-05
PeurI Hurbor
Continued From First Page,

did no know whether any action was
ever taken on that memorandum. .
When Mr.. Mitchell got Gen.
Gerow to identify large number
of documents relating to his testi-
mony, Senator Ferguson, Repub-
lican, of Michigan protested that
these papers had not been shown
previously to the committee. SEN
Evening star., 1945-12-05
Dr.. Bushmeyer to Speak

The Rev. DR.. Fred s. Bushmeyer,
pastor Of Mount Pleasant Congre-
gational Church, win speak on
Marriage Is My Job" at 7:30 o'clock
tonight in the second in series Of
job conferences sponsored by the
YWCA at Seventeenth and X streets
NV.
Evening star., 1945-12-05
ADVERTISEMENT A

The itching torment of eczema is
enough to make anyone wretched and
anxious for relief. If you suffer from
the itching of eczema, pimples. angry
red blotches and other irritating
blemishes, get Petersons Ointment,
35c all druggists. If one application
does not delight you, money refunded.
Peterson's Ointment also wonderful
for itching feet, cracks between toes.
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Vinson IS Nominated
To Succeed Jones as
Federal Loan Chief
President Selects
Sterilization Director,
But WithhoIds Name
BY J. A. FOX.

President Roosevelt today
named Fred M. Vinson, director
of economic stabilization, to be
Federal loan administrator, sue
ceeding Jesse H. Jones.
AS Mr.. Wilson's nomination went
to the Senate at noon. Jonathan
Daniels, acting White House press
secretary, said the President had
selected a successor to Mr.. Vinson
for the economic stabilization post.
but that the appointment would not
be announced until the Senate had
acted on the Vinson nomination.
In his new role, Mr. Vinson will
head the re-created Federal Loan
Agency, combining the Reconstruc-
ton Finance Corp. and other Gov
ernment lending agencies. which
were moved from the control of the
Commerce Department co-incident
with the ousting of Mr.. Jones as
Secretary of Commerce and the ap-
pointment of former Vice Presi-
dent Wallace in his stead.
Former Congress Member.
Mr.. Vinson, a former member OF
Congress from Kentucky, has di-
rected the Government wartime
stabilization policies since late May,
1913, when he resigned from the
United States Court of Appeals here
to take the post that was vacated
when James F. Byrnes became di-
rector of war mobilization.
AS stabilization director, Mr. VIM
son has been an advocate of rigor-
Evening star., 1945-03-05
| Giraffe Is Born
| At Capitals Zoo,
First in 81 Years
(Picture on Page BIZ

A giraffe was born today at the
Zoo
The infant, its long legs folded,
rested trustingly beneath its moth
er's great height and blinked.
Nageoma, the mother. was visibly
proud but her satisfaction was
topped by that of the Zoos direc-
tor, DR.. William NJ Mann,
Its the first giraffe birth we have
had in the 54 years of the Zoos his
tory" he said. ''Mickie is the father
Both parent giraffes were brought
back by National Geographic
Society expedition. Nageoma's name
is a combination of the first letters
of National Geographic Magazine.
She is years old. We are very
proud of her"
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Late Bulletins
Rebuilding Not Leose-Lend

Lease-lend "will not be used
for the purpose of postwar
rehabilitation and reconstruct
tion," Foreign Economic Ad-
ministrator Crowley assured
the, House Foreign Affairs
Committee today. Postwar
reconstruction abroad "is a
separate subject for the con-
sideratiOn of Congress-" he
asserted as hearings on the
extension of the Lease Lend
Act were resumed.
Earlier Story on Page A-14.)
Tax Relief Bill Passes
without debate the House
today gave its unanimous ap-
proval to the bill of Rez>I1e-
sentative O'Hara, Republican,
Of Minnesota to prevent null
tiple application Of State and
local income taxes on the sal-
aries Of Federal and District
employees. The bill now goes
to the Senate.
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Vandenberg Accepts
Place on Delegation
AT Security Farley
President Has Clarified
Right Of Free Action,
Announcement Says
By GOULD LINCOLN.

Senator Vandenberg, Repub-
lican, of Michigan. leader OF
Senate Republican thought on
international affairs, today an
.nounced his acceptance of PreSi-
dent Roosevelt's invitation to
serve as a member of the United
States delegation at the coming
United Nations Conference in
San Francisco.
The Michigan Senator, in his
statement, said the President had
clarified his right of free action as
a delegate.
Following an exchange of cordial
and satisfactory personal letters with
the President, clarifying my right OF
free action, I am glad to say that
I have accepted his invitation to be
an American delegate at the San
Francisco Conference" Senator
Vandenberg said 1 deeply appre-
ciate his high consideration.
Efforts Promised.
"I wish to do everything within
nv power to establish practical
system of collective security as a
basis for effective peace I believe
it indispensable in this Scared and
foreshortened world. I believe it in
dispensable in American self
interest. An excellent start has been
made.
'I am frank to say that my chief
anxiety about the tentative Dunn
barton Oaks formula is that, except
in it's brief World Court chapter, it
does not once mention Justice as
guiding objective or rule of con-
duct. In my opinion, no permanent
peace is possible without constant
conscious mandate to seek and to
maintain Justice as a basis OF
peace.
Il shall have concrete proposals &c
submit to my colleagues along these
lines. 1t will be my prayer that the
San Francisco Conference may be
successful in promoting dependable
peace, with organized justice, in q
free world of free men, Civilization
cannot survive World War No. 81
Stassen, Eaton Also Accepted.
Senator Vandenberg's acceptance
of the Presidents invitation fol-
lowed in the wake of acceptances
from Comdr. Harold E. Stassen
former Governor Of Minnesota, and
Representative Eaton of New Jer-
sey, ranking minority member of the
House Foreign Affairs Committee
This means three members of the
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Gas Kills Una Merkers Mother,
Actress, Also Victim, Revived
Deuth Called Suicide;
Daughter Breothed
Fumes Accidentally
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Mar. 5.-Mrs.
Arno Merkel, 70, was found dead
in her gas-filled kitchen today
and her daughter, Una Merkel
Burla, Al, stage and screen ac-
tress, was found unconscious in
the bedroom of their 10Th floor
apartment in Central Park South.
The actress was revived by an in
halator squad in half an hour. She
was taken to Roosevelt Hospital,
where her condition was reported
as good.
Police of the West Fifty-fourth
street station said the mother had
committed suicide and that the
daughter was overcome accidentally.
They said they found q note on
q living room table, written in PEN
ell and not very legible, but they
were able to make out the words
Tim Ill and can't take it any more.
Forgive me-"
/ Police said they assumed the note
was written by Mrs Merkel and that
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Plan
For Ocean Air Traffic
by Bidd|e
Justice Department
Also Opposes Ownership
By Surface Carriers
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Justice Department gave
a thumbs-down opinion today
on single-company opera ton of
Americas international air
transportation.
The department said it is opposed
also to surface carriers, such as
steamship companies, owning or
controlling International airline
companies.
A 1o5-page report by Attorney
General Biddle on what the Justice
Department believes should be
Americas international air trans
portation policy recommended:
l. That this country adopt a pol
icy of controlled competition.
2 That it seek an understanding
with other countries to define and
limit the amount of governmental
financial assistance to be given in
ternational .airlines.
8. That an international organi-
zation be formed to analyze infor-
nation on air carrier operations,
laws, regulations, traffic and safety
rules, and to serve as medium for
solving world airline problems.
First Report in Series.
4. That economic and legal con-
ditions be of nature to encourage
continued private operation OF
Americas international air carriers
The department added, however,
that Government operation of an
international airline might be ad-
visable when absence of profit op-
portunities made private-company
operation impossible.
The report is the first of a number
of Justice Department surveys to be
submitted to Congress Others to
be completed soon, an announcement
said, deal with machine tools, alum
mum and magnesium. Under study
are such subjects as synthetic rub
ber, aviation gasoline, iron and steel
The aviation survey recommended
that the right of a carrier to land
in a foreign country for refueling
repairs or other services be estab-
lished as an international principle
It called for direct Government ne
gotiation of rights to engage in air
commerce. 1t urged negotiation OF
agreements with other countries
which would lead to sound and
progressive international air service
Happy Medium Proposed.
The report said this country
should see to it that United States
air lines will carry volume OF
world traffic commensurate with the
1See ATRI INES pace AL
Evening star., 1945-03-05

Gus wage controls designed to hold
pay and prices in line. AS result,
ne has been subjected to sharp
criticism from labor.
His name had figured strongly in
the speculation surrounding the
appointment of a successor to Mr..
Jones, and the immediate reaction
to the nomination on Capitol Hill
was favorable.
Senator Bailey, Democrat, Of
North Carolina, chairman of the
Senate Commerce Committee, and
one of the leaders in the fight to
take away the loan agencies from
the Commerce Department, was the
first to express his approval.
Bailey Praises yinson.
Judge Vinson is very fine and
able man, and I shall vote for his
confirmation" Senator Bailey said.
Senator Pepper, Democrat, OF
Florida, who for a time led Sen
ate fight against President Roose-
velt's recent State Department
nominations. commented:
Il think the President has made
a splendid choice. The appointment
will meet with great satisfaction in
Congress and in the country gen.
orally"
Senator Vandenberg, Republican,
of Michigan said he was pleased
that Mr. Roosevelt had selected Mr..
Vinson.
Senator Taft, Republican, OF Ohio
said Il think it is good nominal
ton"
Jones Praises Appointment.
Mr.. Jones, whom Mr.. Vinson re-
places, said: Il regard Judge Fred
Vinson an excellent appointment for
the position of Federal loan ad-
ministrator. Judge Vinson knows
good deal about the RFC. He was in
Congress when the RFC act was
passed and had an opportunity to
observe its operations before he was
appointed an associate justice Of
the United States Court of Appeals.
"Since June 80, 1943, he and I
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Stiff Nuzi Resistance Reported,
City Lies Under Pail Of Smoke;
Russians Begin Smelling Stettin
Germans Blow Up
Two More Bridges
In Duisburq Area
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
HOMBERG, Germany. Mar.
5.-The Germans today blew
two bridges crossing the Rhine
to Duisburg north and south of
here while the 84th Division
was trying to seize them.
The enemy garrison in this
manufacturing city of $4,000
surrendered three hours after
midnight.
Hundreds of retreating NaZis
were caught on the west side of
the Rhine and were being
flushed from easements and
cellars in house-to-house man
hunts for any German male of
military age.
Many enemy officers were
caught trying to escape by
donning civilian clothes.
The bridge north of Homberg
was a railroad structure so feet
wide and would have been su-
perb for tanks. The south
bridge was a combined railroad
and motor bridge.
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Red Cross Donations
.Tota|ing S147,O81
Reported by Worker!
Sum Is 5 Per Cent Of
$1,000, 900 Cool in
Capital Compoign
BULLETIN.

American Red Cross workers
reported contributions total
ing $147,081, or per cent of
their $2,700,900 goal, this aft
ernoon at the first report
luncheon of the 1945 cam
paign at the United States
Chamber of Commerce.
Leaders of the 1945 American Red
Gross War Fund campaign planned
three report meetings this week to
discover how much progress the
10000 solicitors have made toward
the $2,700900 goal. The first report
was scheduled at lunch at the
United States Chamber of Com
merce today.
Gene Ford, manager of the Cap
itol Theater, has arranged brief
dramatic presentations of battle
front scenes, to be shown to the
solicitors gathered in the Hall of
Flags. Several veterans from Walter
Reed General Hospital and the
Naval Medical Center at Bethesda,
Md, were expected to describe the
mounting need for Red Cross serv-
ices among the armed forces over
seas.
The audience will sing Red Cross
campaign songs under the direction
of Art Brown of Station VOL. 1t.
Charles Brendler will lead the
United States Navy Band.
Five Groups to Report.
The five divisions reporting today
have the following quotas: Business,
$679, 500; residential, $290,0O0; city,
$228,50O, and Arlington County,
$42, 400.
The quota of the special gifts di-
vision has not been announced, but
at last reports the solicitors were
halfway to it. Paul E. Shorb, the
chairman, today announced that ne
had received special gift of $8,687
from the war relief and service
fund maintained by organized base
ball.
Mrs. G. Mastin White and Mrs.
A. w. Dunn are in charge of the
canteen workers preparing the 25-
cent lunch.
The Government division, with a
quota of 81 1,161 900, will report at
1890 pm. tomorrow in the Cham
ber of Commerce. All divisions will
report at the same time Thursday.
Navy Department Active.
The Navy Department announced
today that it expected to finish So
licitation of its employees this week.
Always a leader in sale Of War
Bonds and Stamps and various re-
lief drives, the Navy Department
has been urged by Undersecretary
Ralph A. Bard to hang up similar
record in this drive.
Samuel H. Kaufman, campaign
chairman, reminded solicitors again
today that $2,700, 800 is the mini
mum goal here. Early and thorough
solicitation win push the amount
above the 81, 900, 900 eventually COL
lected last year, he said. <
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Negotiations for New
Coal Contract Begun
Behind Closed Doors
Eorly Agreement Seen
On OPA's Veto Power
Over Fringe Awards
By JAMES Y. NEWTON.

The United Mine Workers and
soft coal operators began their
real negotiating battle" for a
new contract behind closed doors
today with indications that final
agreement may be made easier
by prospect of early change in
Government policy regarding
fringe" wage issues.
Economic Sterilization Director
Vinson, it was said plans soon an
easing of stabilization rules to en-
able the granting of some fringe"
or secondary wage raises involving
price increases. This would relieve
the War Labor Board from di-
rective which the board contend
gives the Office of Price Admins
tration veto power over such fringe
awards.
John L. Lewis and the UNIV
centered their demands on such
fringe adjustments rather than
making a direct attack on the Lit
tie Steel formula, The miners re-
ceived the formula allowance of Is
per cent more base pay over JAM
uary, 1941. levels several years ago.
The plan for clarifying the fringe
situation would allow WLB to make
certain wage adjustments without
regard for price consequences with
in limits to be established for each
fringe issue The limits would pro-
vide a yardstick for fringe adjust
ments just as Little Steel sets maxi
mum for base wage raises.
Demands Considered.
UNIV demands were taken up
today by two seven-man committees
representing the union and the
mine workers.
Even before they met, however
representative of 100000 members
of the Greater New York CIO Coun-
Gil urged in a resolution that Presi-
dent Roosevelt proclaim an emer-
gency and seize the mines as he did
in 1943.
The CIO group contended Mr.
Lewis is formulating a strike plot
against the Nation" Mr.. Lewis de-
clined comment.
Three of Mr.. Lewis Is demands
were regarded by operators as pos
ing real obstacles to an agreement
on a contract to replace the current
one which expires March 81.
Headed by Royalty Issue.
These are the miners proposal
that operators pay 10 cents royalty
for each ton of coal mined for
health insurance prohibition on
shipment of coal to consumer
whose employees are engaged in a
"legal" strike and that all super
visory employees be classed as
miners" except superintendent
Iand one foreman for each mine.
The aforementioned proposal, the
operators said, would enable Mr.
Lewis to infringe on management
rights and take some $4,000 other
foremen into the UNIV.
It was believed that all other
nRrNTy3rC
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Americans Bomb Bosel
In Error Due to Clouds

By the Associated Press.
SUPREME ALLIED HEADQUAR-
TIERS, Paris, Mar. 5.-American Lib
orators bombed Basel, Switzerland,
by mistake through heavy clouds
yesterday, United States Air Forces
announced.
A communique said bombardiers of
eight Liberators mistakenly identi-
fed Base, adjacent to the German
border, as target in Germany.
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Dash to Cologne Shows Ability Of Americans
To Stage Comeback After Bottle Of Bulge

Sixty days ago the 1st Army was
locked in bitter struggle with pow
erful enemy forces trying to smash
their way to Liege and north to
Brussels and Antwerp. Today Amer
lean Doughboys are on the Rhine.
After driving Marshal Won Rund-
stedt's offensive pack, the Americans
went on the offensive themselves.
Their push was the greatest drive
yet mounted by Gen. Eisenhower.
Even while Marshal Won Rund-
stedt's push was being halted, sup
plies were pouring onto the conti-
nent for the present American drive.
Many believed that the German
commander had thrown Gen. Eisen-
hower's plans awry at least until
next spring-that our armies could
not recover quickly from SUCH hard
Evening star., 1945-03-05
By DON WHITEHEAD,

ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF CO.
LOGNE. Mar. 5.-The surge of 1st
Army infantry and tanks into bat
tered Cologne today proved the
American soldiers ability to take a
lot of punishment and come back
slugging. e,
And the triumphal % american
march to the Rhine likewise under
lined the fact that Marshal Won
Rundstedt's great counterofe ensive
failed completely to wreck Gen.
Eisenhower's plans for a winter
offensive. The amazing recuperative
power OF the American armies which
were SO sorely pounded in the battle
of the bulge is one Of the high
lights of the invasion. =
Evening star., 1945-03-05

blows. But the Americans came
back strong with plenty of spirit.
The abundance of supplies and
material for the American drive was
evident in many ways, even in little
luxury items for front-line troops,
such as candy and cigarettes. n
Recently at a front-line commau4
post soldiers were distributing cig
arettes, toilet articles, candy and
post exchange items.
"Our supplies are better now than
they have ever been," said 1t. Jo-
seph Daily, Yonkers, N. Y. I'VE are
getting plenty Of stuff.
Once they were set, the 9th and
1st Armies made their moves and
the Germans did not have enough
men and guns to halt the advance.
(See WHITEHEAD, Page A-2.)
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Reds Take Storgord
In Advancing East
Of BuItic Port
BULLETIN.

LONDON (P. Premier
Stain today announced the
capture of Stargard and Nau-
gard, the latter % miles from
Stettin Bay.
Evening star., 1945-03-05

Eight additional men from
the District area has been
reported killed in this Udr. See
"On the Honor Roll" Page Az.
Evening star., 1945-03-05

Ifsee WESTERN FRONT, Page A-5h
Evening star., 1945-03-05

(See RUSSIA, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-03-05

(See MINERS, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1945-03-05

(See VINSON, Page A-2D
Evening star., 1945-03-05

(See WHITEHEAD, Page A-2.J
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Guide for Readers

An Associoted Press Newspopel
Evening star., 1945-03-05
Weother Forecast

Intermittent rain today, tonight; show
ers, mostly cloudy, warmer tomorrow.
Temperatures today-Highest, Al, at
1870 pm; lowest, 80, at 4 am. Yes
terday-Highest, 54, at 1901 am;
lowest, 36, at 11:59 pm.