davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-01-19

were: Victor Galloway, William
Cassius, Ransom Coins, John H.
Hickman, DR.. C. C. Hill, John R.
Lawrence, S. Vincent Owens, John
NJ. Patton, Charles Rogers, DIR. Earl
Weber, Jesse Miller, Archie James
and J. T. Wardlaw. Jessie Gardner,
president of the Alpha Sphinx Club,
was a guest at the meeting and
spoke on the activities planned for
the newly organized Sphinx Club.
Members of the Sphinx club are
students at the University of Min
nesota.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alfred Williams,
7l9 Rondo Ave, were hosts at a
formal dancing party at their home
during the holiday season. Miss
Vivian Starks of Chicago and her
fiance, Mr.. Arthur Edmund of Des
Moines, Ia, brother of Mrs. Will
iams, were the honored guests. A
buffet supper was served. The
guests present were Mines. Virginia
Ripper, Lydia Payne, Minnie Hill;
Miss Mary Jane Cyrus. Messrs.
Phillip Payne, Melvin Madison,
Maceo Littlejohn, Jr., Andrew
Brent, Ernest Potts, Lewis Ripper
and DR.. c. C. Hill. Out of town
guests were Miss Thelma Shippe
and Louis Cason of Ames, La. Miss
Starks left Jan. 2 to return to Fisk
University and Mr.. Edmunds to
Des Moines. He is a student at
Drake University.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Heron, 524
Carol Ave-, have received word
that their nephew, Bradford Ben
ner Y BIC, is now stationed in
Hawaii.
MaceO LittleiOhn, Jr, returned
to Lincoln University in Pennsyl-
vania Jan. 4. He was the house
guest of his sister, Mrs. Virginia
Ripper, 698 Rondo. He also visited
his brother, Alfred Williams, 719
Rondo Ave.
Celebrate birthday: Mrs. ]. Rid
deaux, TOT Rondo Ave-, celebrated
her birthday Wednesday, Jan. IT, at
a party. Those who helped her cele-
brate were Mines. 1. G. Gilbreath,
H. F. Foster, Rebecca Schine and
Bernice Shelton. Pokena furnished
the entertainment for the evening.
Refreshments were served.
The Credjafawn Social Club held
its bi-monthly meeting Wednesday,
Jan. 10, at the Sterling Club with
Mr.. and Mrs. John Banks as hosts.
Mrs. Floyd Massey, Jr, TIC st.
Anthony, was taken to Midway
Hospital Thursday, Jan. II. She
underwent an appendectomy Satur-
day, Jan. 13.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-01-19
Social and Personal
O ST. PAUL. @

Luncheon: Mrs. Naomi Beck, 994 Igehart Ave-, enter
tanned luncheon Friday JAN H. in honor of Mrs Dorothy
Hall Porter of Toronto Canada Other guests included Mines
T. Allen E. Hail. Ira Rawls and Dorothy Edwards.
The Self Culture Club met at the home of Mrs Leantha
Scott 1926 N Chatsworh Thursday JAN H. with Mrs Emma
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-01-19
H"sS "AIH0"PVH8 DPOAesnIHH FTlday JANUARY 1915
Social and Personal
Friday, January 10, 1915

Buffet Supper: Miss Ruth Pittman, 1912 Fourth Ave-
&c. entertained few friends after the Marian Anderson
concert Sunday evening, JAM ID, at her home Pheasant
coors used for decorations Those present were Mines
Leila Thornton, Connie Atkins Avis Ware Carter Dorothy
Thomas, Ella Mae Ross Dorothy Smms Misses Erma Cardy
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-01-19
Duluth News
By ZnLAH WATERS
7ls 9th Ave.
Duluth, MINI.

The Sarah Allen Mite Mission
airy met at the home of Mrs. Carrie
DOzier, Thursday evening. The pro-
gram for the year was discussed.
Refreshments were served by the
hostess.
Members and Friends of Calvary
Baptist church contributed to a sur
prise pantry shower for Rev. and
Mrs. L. C. Harris on Wednesday
evening after prayer meeting.
Mrs. ZenObia Miller has been
forced to take time off from her
work because of illness.
Mr.. E. J. Johnson is i'll.
Mrs. C. RideOut of Youngstown,
Ohio, is in the city visiting her
sister, Mrs. Emma Watts.
The Goodwill Club of the Friday
night Bible Study Class of Calvary
Baptist church is on the march
towards a feast. They have cap
tured the cup for the third consecu-
tive week. Good luck, Goodwill
club.
The Elizabeth Richey chapter of
the Eastern Star lodge had their
installation of officers Tuesday,
Jan. 16.
Mu Chapter Meets: The regular
monthly meeting of the Mu Chapter
of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity was
held at the home of John R. Law
renee, 947 Iglehart Ave-, on Thurs
day, Jan. II. Members present
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-06-26
HOLD JAP

Washington, June 26,-(AP)-The
State Department said today that
1872 Japanese diplomatic and con
sular officers ana dependents cap
turcd in Germany will be detained
temporarily in the Bedford Springs
Hotel at Bedford, Pa.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-06-26
House Declines
70 Discharge All
Fathers OF Four

Washington. Jurp 26.-CAP)
The House rejected today 4
move to force the army to dis
CHARGE fathers of four or more
children who request their re-
lease. The vote was rs to 80
The proposal was made by
Representative Engel of Mich
igan, as an amendment to tn.
army supply bill.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-06-26
SHERWiN.WiLLIAMS
ENAMELOID

One-coat beauty treatment for
shabby furniture, toys, wood
cklytoasmooth
beautiful, durable, Bic
washable finish. In ~
II sparkling colors.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-06-26
SHERWiN- WILLIAMS
FLOOR ENAMEL

wearing, extra tough,
rich gloss enamel for wood or
linoleum floors! Goes on easy.
dries hard overnight. X1.2!
Handsome colors! n.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
400 B-29s
Blast Japan

GUAM. April 7 (UP)-An esti-
mated 400 Superfortresses, es-
corted by long-range Mustang
fighters, poured hundreds of tons
of demolition bombs on the Musa-
Shina and MitSubishi Iircraft en-
CINE plants on Honshu today.
The air armada was the largest
land-baSed force to hit the enemy
homeland and marked the first
time that fighters had teamed
with B-29s for a double attack on
targets on HopShu.
The fighters came from newly
acquired bases on Two Jima, 7oO
miles south of Tokyo They have
been in action previously against
targets in the nearby Bonins, but
this was the first time they had
appeare over the Jap home
Islands.
The planes roared over the
Musashina factory at Nakajima
near Tokyo and the Mitsubishi
plant at Nagoya few hours be-
fore noon and early reports indi-
Gated the weather was clear
enough to permit visual bombing
from medium height.
These factories account foF
roughly three-fourths of the pro-
duction of japanese combat air.
craft engines.
Tokyo radio said 40 Of the Mus
tangS bombed and strafed western
Tokyo and the nearby port OF
Yokohama.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Hint Landing
Near Bremen

NEW YORK. April 7 GNS)--
The Stockholm newspaper Nor
gontidningen says that German
troops stationed in Denmark have
been told that the Allies have
made a landing near the German
port of Bremen and that they will
be moved south 10 meet the new
invasion.
The dispatch. as reported 10 the
owl, said that, according TO re-
ports reaching Sweden from Jut-
land. several German detachmentS
had been ordered TO prepare for
the journey south.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

WESTERN FRONT - Nad
army of $4,000 trapped in
Holland; foe appears to be
quitting Bremen and Han
mover. Page L.
EASTERN FRONT - Reds
fight from house to house
toward center of Vienna.
Page L.
PACIFIC Jap superbattle-
ship and FIVE other war
ships destroyed in battle
of Japan. page u
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
LuftWaffe Lover Flies
Out of Id With Bride
By ANN STRINGER

WITH Z. s. FIRST ARMY IN
GERMANY, April Z (UP)-A
Nazi luftwaffe flying instructor.
tired of the war "and scared TO
death of the Russians" tucked his
bride of two months into a train
ing plane and flew from Vienna TO
KoenigSwinter on the Rhine 10
give up to American authorities.
The airman. a 23-year-old slight
blond youth who has been in the
German air force for six years
was dressed in full luftwaTe uni-
form when / interviewed HIM and
his 20-Sear-old Viennese bride.
They took of yesterday from a
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Worker Slain
In Cafe Row

Gus Balkos. IS. Of e410 Oak
wood, Dearborn, a night chef. to-
day was held by police for in
veStigation of murder in the fatal
stabbing last night of George
Wyatt, 27. of 4346 Woodward.
Wayne. during an argument in
the Auto King restaurant, 22043
Michigan. Dearborn.
Police said that Wyatt. an en-
ploye OF the Davis foot Co. OF
Dearborn. became angry because
BaikoS refused 10 Seil HIM any
more beer.
In the fight BalkoS was cut on
the right hand and shoulder
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Joan Baby Suit
Opens Monday

LOS ANGELES. April Z GNSD
Completion Of a Jury OF one
man and II women today set the
stage for the second trial Of
1S-month-old Carol Ann BarryS
paternity suit To establish Charles
Chaplin as her father.
Testimony in the case VIII begin
monday in Superior Judge Clar-
cnce l.. Kincaids court. DIR. Rus
sell Starr. who delivered the baby
that Joan Barry charges was
fathered by the white-haired
comic, was scheduled TO b the
first witness.
The jury was accepted late yes.
! terday.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Benes Forms Cabinet
With Moscow Envoy

MOSCOW. April 7 (UP)-Pres-
ident Eduard Benes OF Czecho-
Slovakia today announced AZ
Kassa the formation Of new
provisional government headed by
Zdenek Fierlinger, ambassador TO
Nose u since 1887, the Tsss
agency reported.
Benes and other Czech leaders
have Just arrived AZ Kassa 70 re-
establish the government on home
soil.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

field near Vienna and flew TO
koenigswinter, where his parents
live.
1--WE been tired Of the war for
long time" he said. "The
Germans have disintegrated and
the Russians are getting far too
close"
The bride. whose parents live in
Vienna. was dressed in high-hecled
leather boots. slackS and a short
Jacket. with a small knapSack for
carrying personal clothing.
mac LANE LINIs TO cIEVELANp
Foot Il Third ~ CA ssoo.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
YAMATO HIT BEFORE

The Yamato. one of Japans
"hush-hush" battle hips. had been
hit several times before by our
planes. The last mention OF her
acting as target for Adm. Mitsch-
er's carrier planes was in the Sec
ond Philippines sea battle. where
she was pounded numerically and
hastily retired at the cost of sew
eral escorting vessels that fell
prey TO American bombs as the
monster made her getaway.
Sharpshooting pilots pumpe a
eight torpcdoeS into the steel hull
of the prize before she went In
the bottom.
The communique declared that
our carrier planes met no air OPP
position from the Jsps as they
shot down 245 enemy planes April
g. However, heavy anti-aircraft
fire was encountered
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
ANAaH IN OLD REGIME

Gen AnaRai. the new war min
ister. was vice minister OF war be-
fore the japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor and was appointed diTec-
tor general of army aviation head
quarters and A m @ m b er of the
supreme war council last Dec 26.
Yonai aS navy minister and
MatSuzaka as Justice minitSer are
the only two holdover from the
koiSol cabinet KolSo's cabinet was
formed last July.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
700 ORDERED BACK

Meanwhile. the regional WLB
dispatched kilograms ordering 700
employees OF the Gear Grinding
Co., Hamtramck. to end a stop
page which has kept two of the
firms plants idle since Tuesday.
The strikers are members Of
Local $50 UAW-CIO.
A strike which closed four
plants of the Timken-Detroit Axle
Co. employing 6.l00 workers.
Tuesday appeared on the verge IF
settlement. WLB officials said
they expected 'thc employees 20
heed pleas Of union officials and
return TO work Monday on their
regular shifts. \\
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Report Gneisenau Sunk

LONDON. April Z tUPl The
Daily Express reDorted today that
the 26000-ton German battleship
GnCiScnau had been Scuttled and
the 6,000-ton light cruiser Leipzig
torpedoed
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Tokyo Investigator
Going 10 Germany
~ Unl,ed Press

The Japanese Domei agency
said today that the foreign office
announced that Shinjiro lnouye a
departmental investigation Off
cial, had been elevated 10 tho
rank of minister plcnipotentlaly
and would be ordered TO Germany
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Special Oil Rofions

WASHINGTON. April Z GNS)
Tho OPA announced today that
special fuel oil rationS for heating
water next summer would be
issued in all sections except the
Pacific Northwest.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
TetryI Explodes

JOLIET. Ill. April 7 INS)-
Production of tetryl al the Kan
kakce ordnance works near Joliet
was halted today as the result of
an explosion yesterday.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

The state labor mediation board
reported that the strike involving
the Draper corporation and a
group of employees who We're mem
bers of Local S35, UAW-CIO, was
a continuation OF -a-dISpuin. that
resulted in a two-day Stoppage
earlier in the week
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
81 PICKET PLANT

The board said ~ workers
walked out Tuesday IN sympathy
with an employe who received a
thrce-day disciplinary suspension
for failure to maintain production
Production resumed Thursday
with the 81. and the corporate ion
took the stand that they had quit
their Jobs. These men plckcted
the plant today and operations
again were suspended
The plant employs more than
200 in the manufacture of miscel-
laneous aircraft and ordnance
parts.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

WASHINGTON. April Z tGP)
The salary of Harry l.. Hop
kins. adviser TO President Roose-
welt. has been boosted from
$4,000 TO $4,000 a salary COM
mensurate with his duties the
White House said to-day
Hopkins raise was given him
last July H
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
$4,000 Nazis in Trap
Allies IL Mi.
From Bremen

PARIS, April Z QNS)-A German army Of $4,000
trapped Holland by lightning Allied advances cut on
major escape today in coodinated cleanup OF
last ditch Nazi heldouts in western Europe.
troops the British Second Army headed
the Division, whose members call them
Rats" recorded spectacular gain to push
within less than Il Bremen peaceme queen port
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
9TH War Plant
Closed by Strike

Strikes Detroit plant today, throwing
picket line about the Draper Motors Corp While federal
mediators settle two ma ior disputes
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Reds Shdtter
Defenses in
Vienna Zone

MOSCOW. April INS)-Rus-
sia's Second Ukrainian Army drove
across the MoraVa River today in
race 10 encircle Vienna from
the north. while its lower wing
south of the Danube joined with
other Soviet forces fighting into
the Austrian capitals outskirts.
Enemy broadcasts said Red
army units already had hammered
into the historic city from the
south under devastating artillery
bombardment and that fierce
house-to-houSe fighting was in
progress.
The Russian newspaper. Red
Star, quoting front dispatches,
said that enormous gaps had
been torn into Nienna's defense
Zone.)
CATHEDRAL BELLS TOLL
The Vienna radio relayed what
il said was the sound of Russian
shells bursting above st.
Stephens Cathedral and the i'm
perial castle of Schoenburnn.
Anti-aircraft fire also was heard
on the broadcast.
United Press correspondent
Robert Musel, reporting on the
dramatic broadcast. said that
the program was interrupted by
singing of patriotic songs and
ringing OF the chimes Of old
81. Stephens. These same bells,
Musel pionted out. sounded the
alarm to Niennese many years
ago when Turkish hordes bat
tered at the gates of the an
cient city,
FIGHT HOUSE-TO-HOUSE
As Red army assault forces
were reported at St. Poelten. 81
miles west of Vienna. Moscow
announced other units had
broken into Rotheusiedl. one and
one-quarter miles south of the
city. The Germans reported
house-to-house fighting in the
suburb of Moedling, three miles
from central Vienna.
The German commentator added
that west Of Vienna fighting is
in fun swing today between Ger
man emergency reserves and
volkSSturm units and the Rus
slams.
The Russians also have opened
new assault on the East PruS-
sian capital Of KoenigSberg with
II brigadeS and 100 tanks" the
enemy reports declared.
1873 WI. TO BERCHTESGADEN
AZ the same time. Berlin radio
announced that the left wing of
Soviet forces Storming through
Vlcnna's stubborn defenSeS had
plunged 10 within 1873 miles Of
Hitler'S BerchteSgaden hideaway
with the capture of Feldbach and
Fehring near the Austrian city
of Graz.
fhe German communique de-
cl1red the Russians were later
hurled from the southern Aus
trian towns of Feldbach and
t'ehring, taken III their drive TO-
ward Berchtesgaden, which is
threatened by the u. S. Seventh
Army on the lower sectors OF the
Allied Western Front.
The American Seventh was last
reported approximately las miles
west OF Berchtesgaden.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

GUAM. April (INS)--The imperial Japanese navy
has suffered another singing bpw battle with the mighty
u. S. Fifth Fleet off the coast of Japan.
The American triumph was announced today in a
special communique by Adm. Nmitz. Here is the
The 45000-ton apprenticeship Yamato sunk
Five other Jap warships destroyed.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
THE WEATHER
HOURLY TEMPERATURES

The sun viii set az s.o4 p N. today ana
Fise-teH..aEs-.ss t-7-oS-
The moon vill set at 713 D m today
and rise tomorrow al $40 a. m
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
THIRD ARMY SLOWED

The Third Army encountered
bitter German opposition and suf-
fered one setback when the NaZis
-rounterattacked with Stron z
forces Of tanks and infantry and
retook the village of Struth. five
miles west of Muhlhausen and II
miles southwest of Teula.
Allied armies along the Western
Front continued TO take a gigantic
toll of prisoners from the crum-
bling German wehrnacht.
A spokesman at the headquar-
terS of Gen. Eisenhower said the
daily average of Germans moving
into Allied pens was around
29O00.
The Third Army alone took
l4,343 prisoners yesterday, an
other 1000 today and by nightfall
Continued on Page 2. Col. y
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
DapBattIeship
SunkbyYankS

WASHINGTON, April (UP)-An official navy
spokesman said today that more than fourth Of
the remaining Japanese fleet was destroyed in yes-
terday's battle off southern Japan.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

Bsy, Folks There's no wLw m
koppitI Beer.-Adv.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
Suzuki Picks
Cdbiinet,KoiiSo
AideRetdiined

NEW YORK, April I UNSl
Japanese premier designate
Adm. Baron Kantaro Suzuki
has completed the selection
of his new cabinet and will
personally hold three posts,
the japanese Domei agency
reported today in a dispatch
recorded by the FEC.
Suzuki will be premier,
foreign minister and minister
of greater East India.
The new Japanese minister OF
war is Gen. korechika AnamI
director general Of army aviation
headquarters.
Adm. MitSumaSa Yonai was re-
tanned as navy minister.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
JAPs DESPERATE

The enemy fleet came out in a
desperate attempt TO relieve the
beleaguered Jap garrison on Oki.
nawa island in the Ryukyu group.
Apparently the enemy warcraft
were about TO launch a naval
'banZai charge on our forces on
and around Okinawa.
Action and results Of the sui-
cidal attempt TO block our forces
from the Okinawa beachhead is
strongly reminiscent of the second
battle of the Philippine Sea.
where the Nip Naval masterminds
sent three-pronged force TO de-
stroy our naval forces off Leyte
Three of the enemys fast dwin-
ding feet of deStroyers were sunk
and three others left burning.
"N0ne Of our large feet units
were hit" the conmunique said.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09
MINOR POSTS FILLED

Other ministers of the new
Japanese cabinet:
Toyosaku HiroSe finance; Hiro-
masa MatSuzaki. justice; Teijlro
Toyoda, munitions. transportation
and communications: kOZo Ota,
education: Genk Abe, home af-
fairs: Takeshige Ishiguro agricul-
ture and commerce: Hiroshi Shin
omura. state and information min
ister; Seizo Sakonji and Nyogoro
Sakurai. state ministers: Hlsat-
sumo SakomiZu. chief cabinet Sec
rotary. and Chokkyo Murase, chief
Of the legislative bureau.
Domei said that Suzuki had
completed the cabinet in two days
after being commanded by En-
peror Hirohito TO form a new gov
ernment following the resignation
OF the government of Pre- m G +
Gen. koiso.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

Three hundred and ninety-one
Nipponese planes destroyed.
8 U. s. DESTROYERS SUNK
The enemy fiotilla was routed
at the cost of three American
destroyers and seven planes.
Adm. Nimitz revealed that the
Fifth Fleet, under command OF
Adm. Spruance, encountered the
enemy only so miles off the Jap
home island of Kyushu.
A hail of bombs and torpedoes
from Spruance's carrier planes
tore into the Yamato and she
went to the bottom along with
two cruisers and three other
ships.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-09

the North Sea.
(The United Press reported
that both Bremen and Hanover
were outfianked today in a mile
an-hOur American breakthrOugh
that carried the Allied armies
in the north within l40 miles Of
Berlin.)
(All Allied armies driving
against Hanover and the few
other remaining garrison cities
west of Berlin forged steadily
ahead. but the British set the
pace for speed.
NAZIS APPEAR FLEEING
(Reuter's reported in London
that the Germans appeared To
he abandoning both Bremen and
Hanover. The dispatch said
that the NaZis apparently were
attempting TO form new de-
fense line along the central Ger
man plain before Eveline, Ham,
burg and MagdeburgD
SO rapid was the advance OF the
British. carving out fresh gains
of more than - miles, that their
arrival within less than Il miles
OF the German port was reported
from the headquarters of 1t Gen.
Dempsey only minutes after a
dispatch from Field Marshal
Montgomery's headquarters say
ing they were 23 miles away
Farther south the Sixth Ar
mored Division of 1t Gen. Pat.
ION Third Army advanced seven
miles northeast toward Berlin 10
the vicinity of Teula, where they
were some lbs miles from the
German capital.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-03
Grace United Brethren
Cor. w. Church & Winter SITS.

Young Peoples Day will be OBJ
served throughout the United
Brethren Denomination Sunday,
May 9th.
The devotional part of the Sun
day School will be in charge Of the
intermediate c. E. and the minister,
Rev. G. I. Rider, will speak particu-
larly to the young people at the II
o'clock worship service.
At $3.50 p. M, a point meeting of
the c. E. societies will be held with
the Senior c. E. in charge. This
program will be in charge of the
Misses Arlene BEAR and Zelda
Ridge. Others assisting will be Dor
cas- and Eloise Barkman, Betty
Sprecher, Early Bates and Sammy
Reel. Closing this program will be
a very impressive conservation serv-
ice and everybody is cordially in
vited to attend.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-03
WHAT KIND OF FREEDOM?

The president of the American Federation of Labor in OBJ
jecng proposal that German labor be forced
rebuild damaged cities in Europe Hitler and those
responsible be punished but the people throughout
the world including labor everywhere be made free and
be guaranteed the right enjoy the blessings and the benefits
of freedom liberty and democracy
Without arguing the merits dement's of the Russian
posa the remarks about the freedom of labor will
be taken with several grains of salt
In the United States a work at the basic trades
without first joining specified labor organizations whether
he wishes and paying initiation fees and
o work without joining if you doubt this.
this the kind of labor freedom, liberty and democracy
the world s to have2
Why kid ourselves about freedom United when
individual for the right work.
warjo bI