davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-07
An Overgrown Empire
By Raym ond Moley

The presence of British military forces
in Java is another of the bitter para
doxes with which this postwar era is
rapidly filling up. Over the centuries,
the Dutch and the British fought long
wars for supremacy on the seas and for
the lions share of colonial riches. The
glory songs of the Dutch still sing the
praise of Ruyters defeats of the British
feet.
Why are the British so eager to sus-
tain the authority of their ancient rivals?
And, after all, what is the Dutch interest
itself in this affair?
The British concern is political and
economic. At a moment when revolu-
tionary movements are sputtering in
eastern India and in Ceylon success for
the Indonesians would spread like Wild
fire in India. Perhaps the British would
rather show the corrective force Of arms
somewhere other than in India. The
aftermath Of hatred would not be in q
British possession.
Closely related to this political in-
terest Is serious economic one. Even
the Labor government cannot neglect
this. The rubber plantations in the
Dutch Indies and in Malaga are closely
related by agreements concerning prices
and markets. Most of the rubber plan
tations in the Dutch colonies are now
in the possession of British interests.
It is doubtful If free Indonesian gov
ernment would be sympathetic to the
re-establishment Of former agreements.
A similar situation prevails in the
petroleum industry, in which the Royal
Dutch Shell Is owned by both British and
Dutch. With the worlds petroleum sit
uation in its present shape. the British
Evening star., 1945-11-07

The Allies are anxious to give the
Japanese picture, of United Nations
cooperation, under one supreme COM
mander whose reputation for forceful-
ness has been definitely established in
Japan. The Russian government is
anxious to keep its soldiers isolated
from those of the Allies. II the Rus
sians were permitted to have zone Of
their own in Japan, rs they have in
Europe and in Korea, number of diff
cult political problems might arise and
the task of the Allied supreme COM
mander might be made much more
diffcult. The occupation of Japan then
would become joint occupation instead
OF inter-Allied, as it now Is.
Most of President Trumans advisers
opposed the suggestion that Russia be
given her own zone in Japan. Some of
the State Department policy trainers
are of two minds and are weighing the
disadvantages OF such a concession
against the advantages Of having Russia
cooperate in the Pacific again.
For the time being, the Russian pro-
oosal Is said to be still under advise
ment. But since no definite answer has
been given Moscow, the Russian govern
ment has decided to remain aloof from
the advisory commission meetings In
Washington.
The representatives of the 10 nations
are aware that their meetings are merely
perfunctory and that until Russia de-
cides what she is going to do they are
"churning water to make butter" All
the representatives are anxious to see
the deadlock ended. The American
Government Is as anxious as the others.
President Truman enunciated the
policies of this country in Japan at his
press conference on September Is when
he said he could see no reason why any
kind of advisory or control commission
was necessary. The Big Three had
agreed at. Potsdam, prior to Japan's
surrender, that the supreme authority
in Japan would be vested in an Amer
ican general.
The President receded later from his
original position by agreeing to an ad-
visory commission and when the Rus
SLAMS, who had Withdrawn their military
and diplomatic representatives from
Tokyo, found this inadequate, the
American Government went further and
agreed to control commission But
at this time, in spite of the adninistra-
uon's keen desire to break the existing
Far Eastern deadlock, it is unlikely that
the Soviet request for a separate zone
in Japan can be accepted.
Evening star., 1945-11-07
Jade in America

LIE NdClOndl Geographic Society
in zone Of its news bulletins has
revived the long-standing discussion
OF how jade Of the finest quality
came to the Western Hemisphere.
No natural source of it has been
discovered on this side of the world.
The variety of the stone called
nephrite is present in quantity in
Alaska, California and Wyoming,
but it has relatively low value. It
is the kind distinguished as jadeite
that is precious, and it is to that
classification that the artifacts found
in ancient Mexican tombs by Smith
sonian Institution archeologists in
recent years belong.
Some of the smaller objects, in
deed, are fashioned of jade judged
to be equal to the famous imperial
or gem stone of Burma and the
Karakash Valley of Chinese Turkes-
tan. The question inevitably is
asked: How did they reach America?
Probably no completely satisfactory
answer ever will be given. The
possibility of the existence of now
vanished trade route has been con-
ceded. But whether the road" was
over the waters of the Pacific or
over the Aleutian chain of islands
no one can be sure. Professional
investigators are at variance among
themselves. Yet the mystery might
be soluble in part. 1t happens that
jade is individualistic in its char
acter. Jadeite commonly is white
with purplish tint or almost
emerald green; nephrite is milk
white or milk green; chloromelanite
third variety, is dark green, nearly
black. Each has the capacity to
receive impressions. The National
Geographic release says:
Jade is often discolored by chemical
elements in the soil producing green,
yellow, amber, blue and black stones.
Jade with rust-colored veins running
SAAASA6AA AZ 40 SoAACo COAAAO JcdCy 90 ~ ID
generally found in tombs and has been
discolored by organic decomposition.
Such stains obviously are amen
able to tracing. Experts in the fields
of chemistry and metallurgy should
be competent to tell from what areas
they were derived. Within reason,
also, it should be feasible to learn
something from the designs and the
workmanship represented in the jade
articles in comprehensive collections
like those of the Metropolitan Muse
UNI in New York and the Ontario Mu-
scum in Toronto. It seems evident
that the best jade originated in
only very few places. Similarly, it
is at least arguable that only rela-
lively few craftsmen OF great ability
worked in Jade. Comparative exam
Evening star., 1945-11-07
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The Chinese delegate: Would it not
be an excellent idea if we gentlemen
should destroy this curse formula and
disarm the air altogether"
The Big Three: Anarchist! How
then could we enforce peace?"
The British delegate (after a pause):
Il think we might compromise with
our great peace-loving friend here. His
majesty's government is having serious
trouble with Arabs and Jews in the Mid
die East. Our good Dutch friends are
having trouble in Indonesia."
French delegate Cnterrupting) :
France will accept no actions without
her participation"
British: Well the bomb would help
you in North Africa"
French: Thank you"
American: I'm against using 'em.
The American people won't like it,
The others: You are not going to be
again responsible for breaking up the
conference, are you? Do you want to
take the onus for destroying the peace
Of the world?"
American (phoisophically) "Well, 1t
isn't so very dangerous. It's only great
step forward in the science of demoli-
ton. Now, I hear some fellows think
they have found the flssion of rotogen,
They tell me If such bombs are con-
structed they would represent a tre-
mendous advance. They say a series
of chain reactions might blow up the
earth"
Three voices: Scientists! Why don't
they stick to their lasts and stop inter-
fering with politics? We hire the scien-
lists to do their job. and the people
hire us to do our job"
Chinese delegate: ITO blow up the
earth?"
The others: I'VE are all agreed that
the Big Three should stick together
come what may. We think a happy
compromise has been reached. Mr.
American, would you not like to have
few bombs to bring little more peace
somewhere? 1t would be better to make
1t unanimous"
Russian hopefully: I'm the Argen-
tine7"
British: II fear should have to veto
the Argentine. But somewhere elseP"
American (sourly): Not before the
next elections"
Scene: A ward in Bellevue. A scream
ing bearded gentleman is being hustled
into straight jacket.
Guards: Completely coo-coo. Found
him trying to board ship. Yelled he
was going to the Big Three meeting, to
save the world. Screamed he represented
all the people on earth. The nut said
he has teeny-weeny atomic bomb and
knew exactly where to drop it. Said he
was commissioned by God"
Physician: "Ah, religious maniac. Our
wards are full of them these days"
Patient falls heavily to floor
Headline: New York Times:
Mysterious explosion destroys Belle
vue. All maniacs missing"
released by the Bell Syndicate, 1nc)
Evening star., 1945-11-07

Prime Minister Attlee's Forthcoming
talks with President Truman . boil
down to how the United Nations organi-
zation can be made to work and how
the Big Three can work out common
foreign policy 1t Is assumed that
Observation-Disclosures of the atomic bomb
would give the Russians the secret If
they have not already found it them
selves the British Foreign Office
cannot be expected to give the best
weapon to the Russians without some
sort of guaranty that Russian foreign
policy will thereafter coincide with
British. An alternative is that
the atom could be internationalized {.
II the nations possessing it agree to use
1t only with the permission of the United
Nations Security Council"
Dispatch from London by John Chabot
Smith in Mondays Herald Tribune.
Maj. Alexander P. de Seversky said
today E. the atom bomb would not be
equally destructive against a modern
Western city. He was not convinced
the atomic bomb would make it possible
to dispense with incendiaries and high
explosives if we are going to tackle
cities with concrete structures. We
warned against getting hystericar about
the atom bomb, but called it a great
step forward in the science of demoli-
ton. It's only the beginning, but great
strides may be made"
Dispatch from Tokyo, November 2.
world peace involves the private
renunciation of war on the part of the
immense majority, but it also involves
unavowed readiness to submit to being
the booty Of others who do not renounce
1t. 1t begins with the :. wish for uni
versal reconciliation, and it ends in no.
body moving finger as long as mis-
fortune only touches his neighbor On
this spiritual premise second Viking
. ism develops. The state Z. passes from
nations to bands of adventurers, self
styled Caesars, seeding generals, bar
barian kings and what not, In whose
eyes the population becomes, In the end,
merely a part Of the landscape"
Oswald Spengler: THE Decline of the
West, 1917"
The next step forward in world peace
may be the internationalization" of the
atomic bomb, with permission of the
United Nations Security Council. We
can imagine meeting Of the Big Five,
The Russian delegate: Say fellows,
those Yugoslavs are staging revolt
against Tito on the ground he's no
Yugoslav and they are sick of being
pushed round by bullies. That threatens
my peace. Gimme little atom bomb" "
The American delegate: That isn't
your exclusive sphere of influence. It's
q sphere of influence but not exclusive" :"
Russian: "Okay, you can come and
help drop 'em, too"
American: That's not what I mean
by a nonexclusive sphere Of influence"
Russian: Then what the hell do you
mean? Notody seems to know"
Evening star., 1945-11-07
Labor in Politics

In its first all-out bid for metro
politan power, the CIO has been
spurned by the voters of Detroit. 1t
Is probable however, that political
minded unionists will find some
consolation in the impressive victory
won in the New York City mayoralty
race by William ODwyer.
The mayoralty battle in the great
Industrial center of Detroit found
the incumbent, Edward ]. Jeffries,
opposing Richard T. Frankensteen,
one of the leaders of the left-Wing
faction of the CIO United Auto
mobile Workers and conspicuous
figure in the city's industrial strife.
The Political Action Committee,
through which the CIO seeks to
implement its political program.
went all the way for Mr.. Franken-
steen, with the result that Detroit
was watched throughout the country
rs proving ground for labor's un-
disguised political ambitions. Had
Mr.. Frankensteen won, that fact
would have been hailed, and justly
so, as impressive evidence of a
swing in public sentiment toward
the CIO itself and it's extreme polit-
ical philosophy. But the labor
candidate, after jumping into an
early lead, was finally beaten by
more than $1,000 votes. Thus, Mr..
Frankensteen, in a record-breaking
total vote, made a substantially
poorer showing than did the CIO-
Endorsed mayoralty candidate in
1943, and one inference will be that
the prospect of having a CIO man
as Mayor aroused the unorganized
voters of Detroit to the point where
they turned out at the polls to defeat
him.
In New York, however, another
picture prevails. Mr.. O'Dwyer looked
to the Democratic organization and
the American Labor party, which
Is dominated by the PAC, for his
principal organized support. And
he won by plurality Of 685, ,000-
the vote for him being 285,000 in
excess of the total vote cast for the
Republican candidate, Judge Jonah
J. Goldstein, and Mayor La Guardia's S
"No Deal" candidate, Newbold Morris.
What this may portend for the
CIO political fortunes in the Nations s
largest city remains to be seen.
During the campaign Mr.. O'Dwyer
was attacked as the candidate Of
the bosses of Tammany Hall and the
big-time racketeers. The real test
of his allegiance will come, however,
with the appointments he makes
and the policies he sets as Mayor.
And in that process it will be sur
prising If the CIO leaders who run
the Political Action Committee are
not consulted and generously ac-
commodated. It would be a rash
prophet who would count them out
as important factors in the next
gubernatorial and national elections
in the State.
Evening star., 1945-11-07
japanese Repurutions

Even Hirohito's personal fortune
Is to be included in the reparations
to be taken from Japan. President
Truman makes clear that the price
to be exacted from the shattered
empire wifi be very heavy, proper
tionately as heavy as the one ex-
acted from Germany. and it will
be directed toward the same funda-
mental goal-to put an end for all
time to japanese aggression" no less
than to German aggression.
The German program was devel-
oped by Edwin w. Pauley, the Presi-
dents personal representative on
reparations. and he and his staff
will soon be in Tokyo to draw up the
program for Japan. 1t will be a
hard program, but hardness will be
needed If the objective set by the
President is to be attained. 1t is an
essential objective. BY holding fast
to it, we can keep the japanese from
ever again waging aggressive war.
AS in the case of Germany, this is a
vital part of the task of achieving a
lasting world peace. and misguided
softness ought not to be allowed to
interfere with it.
At the same time, however, we
must recognize that the payment of
reparations, along with everything
else that defeat has cost them, will
make living harder than ever for the
japanese for some years to come.
They must be made to pay, of course,
but we must be prepared to cope
with the critical situation that is
shaping up for them. Between
10 and IS million Of them, with
all OF their ill-gotten overseas ter
ritory gone, must now live IN the
home islands-an area not much
bigger than Montana and until
they make necessary adjustments in
their economy. they will have a
great struggle trying to find enough
employment and agriculture to sup
port and feed themselves.
But with or without reparations,
the japanese would still face this
grim prospect. Reparations will serve
simply as one more means, an
extremely important one, to teach
them a lesson for generations. so
that Japan should never again be
tempted to commit aggression. In
Evening star., 1945-11-07
Safety in the Air
By David Laurence
rem the Christian Science Monitor.

Frcm the Christian science Monitor.
Was it only few short years ago that
plane ride was considered dangerous
way to travel, and none but the very
daring ventured to take wing? Remem-
ber when you were inclined to agree
with the frequent predictions: 'It never
can be as safe as ground travel and
1t won't even be popular?
Well the National Safety Council has
recently reported that Is American air.
lines completed their 1914 operations
without a single fatal accident. More
over, United Air Lines, Inc, was granted
the councils special wartime Disting-
uished Service-to-Safety Award for OPP
Grating more than three years and over
a billion passenger miles without fatal
accident. This was accomplished at a
time when the airlines have been flying
more passengers, mail, freight and dis
tance than ever before.
Evening star., 1945-11-07
Food for Germany

The request of American military
authorities in Germany to the War
Department for large supplies of
foodstuffs to nourish the civilian
population in the American zone of
occupation reveals the existence of
disagreeable necessity. This Amer
lean zone is located in Southwestern
Germany, and consists of Bavaria.
most of Wuerttemberg and part of
Hesse. plus sector of Berlin. Our
Berlin sector presents the most acute
feeding problem, since It's inhabi-
tants. aggregating 100000, produce
almost nothing and are entirely des-
titute. The southwestern zone is
normally almost self-feeding, but
the dietary deficit is enhanced by
an influx of refugees and agricul-
tural handicaps, such as lack of
fertilizers and draft animals, which
reduce the harvest to about rs per
cent of average.
1t. Gen. Lucius D. Clay, deputy
military governor. who is in charge
OF the food situation in the Amer
lean zone, estimates that 100000
tons of foodstuffs will be needed,
in addition to 100000 tons left
over when the war ended. to tide
over the civilian population until
the next harvest. That would suf-
flee to maintain an average daily
rate of 1850 calories. though heavy
workers." such as miners and out
door laborerS, would need more to
work efficiently, while other cate
gories would get proportionately
less. Thus the overall 1,550-calory
rate is estimated as the minimum
needed to avert wholesale hunger
and disease. with attendant unrest.
General Clay states that food for
the American zone is not obtainable
from other parts of Europe Gin any
substantial amounts" He therefore
requests that the Army finance ship
ments from this country. charging
the cost against Germany for even
tual repayment through reparations.
Despite a natural reluctance to
provide for our recent enemies when
their victims in many lands are in
such pressing need, the food require
mentS set forth by General Clay con-
form to the decisions of the Pots
dam Conference that the Germans
be permitted standard of living
equal to that in surrounding coun-
tries. The nutritional rate estab-
hshed by our occupation authorities
appears to be the minimum upon
which even Spartan existence can
be maintained. Even on this diet.
conditions in our zone OF Germany
will be bad this winter, owing to at
tendant lack of fuel and shelter. It
would profit us nothing and might
endanger our troops OF occupation If
our zone were swept by epidemics
and the rioting of a desperate pop-
ulace.
Evening star., 1945-11-07

cannot afford to lose these raw-mate-
rial connections.
Holland has been master of these
islands for over 800 years. In the Nine
teenth century there was severe criti-
cism of Dutch colonial practices, even
in Holland itself.
1t is unnecessary to suggest that all
subject races are on the march toward
liberty, as the late Wendell Willkie
suggested. The unrest which is mani
Testing, itself in so many places is prob
ably not inspired by distractions. But
the war has stirred up things in many
places, and, in the turmoil, native lead
ers are coming to the surface with ap-
peals to native desires for q larger
share in native riches.
The Dutch have radically improved
their treatment Of their colonies in
the past hundred years and have In
vested very large sums of money in
their empire. Returns from those in
vestments have made Holland pros
porous, although 1t must be said in fair
ness that much Of the wealth taken from
the colonies have been reinvested.
Dominion status for the island has
been most frequently suggested as q
solution. This could be arranged in a
manner which will continue the economic
advantages now possessed by the Dutch
and British. The permanence of such
status would be doubtful. The Indone-
slams apparently feel that the Dutch
are not strong enough to hold the
country and provide protection against
future aggressors. Nor can the threat
Of British Intervention be permanent
restraint. The prospect is that of great
instability.
useleased b. Associated Newspapers mai
Evening star., 1945-11-07
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,un

The optimism of the White House
and the State Department that Rus
sian representative would attend the
second meeting of the Far Eastern Ad-
visory Commission was premature. The
Russian chair was stil empty.
In spite Of the friendly exchanges OF
communication between President Tru-
man and Premier Stain and in spite
Of the feverish work done by the State
Department to produce a formula for
the Control Commission of the four
major powers to govern Japan, there
has been no indication as yet that
Moscow intends to change the intransi-
gent attitude she adopted in London.
The original suggestion from Wash
ington and London that the Advisory
Commissions powers be greatly en-
larged and that it become a policy
framing organization were rejected by
Moscow. The arguments presented by
Foreign Commissar Molotov were that
body in which II nations participate
with equal rights and prerogatives is
too cumbersome and cannot work ef-
ficiently.
The Russian Commissar is reported to
have pointed out to Ambassador Harri-
man that only five major powers have
permanent members on the council of
the United Nations Security Organiza-
tion and that during the London con-.
ference of last September 1t was proved
that there were already too many vary
ing opinions.
The Russian counter proposal that
control commission, with headquarters
in Tokyo and with Gen. Macarthur
as its chairman and final authority,
appeared likely to be accepted. This
explains last weeks optimism at the
White House and the State Depart
ment. But joker was soon discovered.
The Russian commissar indicated that
Russia did not want her army Of occu-
patton to mix with the armies Of the
other allies and desired complete
jurisdiction, nominally under the AL
lied supreme commander, in a definiate
section of Japan. From previous COM
munications and conversations with the
Russian authorities 1t was evident that
the Russians wanted to send their
troops to Hokkaido, where they were
to be the only occupants.
The matter Is reported to have been
referred to Gen. Macarthur for advice.
1t also was discussed by the top-ranking
American Army and naval officers. And
they concluded that this would create
an undesirable precedent, particularly
inasmuch as the other nations which
are scheduled to send token forces to
Japan had agreed to their dispersement.
Evening star., 1945-11-07
Boy With CuttuiIs

A slender boy, sun-golden and black
bro11ed,
With laughter -slanted eyes, mouth
curued NTH tDonder,
S,Dings up the road on muscles lean and
proud,
Superbly treads the dust OF summer
under.
He carries cdttaiIs taken from the rim
OF topaz sldlleaDs i0here the toillous
lean,
As II they iDere holiness to him,
Like torches, bronze ,pithin sconce
Their peluet dried, soaked to an OILY
sheen,
Kindled at fires OF ash and hickory
bark
Torches for him to burn on Halloween,
TO hold tn color toiId against ths
ddrk,-
As once hesmight hdpe ended Druid day,
Or stumbled captipe dotpn an Apptnn
Wry. YETzA GILLESPIE.