davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Yankees Await
Cochrdne S Yes
BY BOB MURPHY
Times sports Editor

NEW YORK Nov 30 Gordon
Stanley Mickey ochrane,
former great manager of the De-
troit Tigers. definitely is going
back into baseball.
Despite denials by Larry Mac
Phail. red-thatched manager OF
the newly reorganized Yankees,
Cochrane attended a conference
at Yankee Stadium yesterday.
Cochrane temporarily has been Of
fered the job of handling the
Yankee farm system with an un-
derStanding that he is to assume
active direction of the Yankee
team when Mccarthy calls it quits.
UP TO COCHRANE
"MarSe Joe, who took leave
from the New York organization
under the guiSe OF illness year
ago. has a contract good until the
end Of the 1916 season His con-
tract, according TO best lnfoTma-
ton, calls for S35,00O.
1t is definitely known that Dan
Topping and Del Webb. the two
men Larry MacPhail persuaded 10
purchase the Yankees from the
Rupert estate. have agreed on
Cochrane as the man they want
to succeed Mccarthy.
PALS IN UNIFORM
Topping, a marine officer, and
CoChrane, a naval officer, became
close friends while serving in the
Pacific. 1t was on Topplngs lnvi-
tation that CoChrane came East
10 meet MacPhail early this week
before ding Saturdays S
Army Navy game at Philadelphia.
Out of the conference Cochrane
temporarily was offered the job
Of heading the Yankee farm syS-
TEN. A vacancy occurred here
recently when George Weiss, who
had handled the joo moved up 10
general manager.
Cochrane was accompanied 10
New York by his wife and daugn-
ter Topping will be host 40 a
party, which includes the Coch-
, ranes, at tomorrows football
game.
Don't ask me for statements
now" was all CoChrane said
when approached oy this writer.
I'm like n lot OF other fell
lows" he said I'm back from
the navy. only to find the whole
world has fallen out from under
me-"
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01

OF that game
. From 1910 our Pacific policy
vas based entirely or orr Fur-
opean ohlecuveS m aid Of bri'-
ain. not on ogr interest ~
China
. Pushing our naval and air
strength from the Pacific 10 tho
Atlantic gave Japan her chance
ir The Pacific
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01

f-trrr -7-- 1rrr aS TT nd 30 -t1e
kDifrrr b3r lpU OF
Evening star., 1945-02-18
Aborne Pioneers Shaping

American divisions held an island in
the river, which is the Dutch mouth CT
the Rhine, while other air-borne units
spread east and formed line near the
western bank OF the river. About 1000
of the Arnhem men got back.
In a tactical maneuver air-borne had
scored again, achieving all its objectiyes.
But the ground forces had been unable.
against intense German resistance, to
join up and make the line continuous.
The air-borne boys had achieved their
objectives and completed their phase OF
the mission They had done their job.
In the Bulge
When Won Rundstedt turned all he'll
loose December Is in Southern Belgium,
the 10lst Air-borne Division was in
rest camp not far away, consolidating
again after the travail of the Holland
operation, replacing its losses and whip
ping the new men into the air-borne
spirit, which is unlike the spirit of any
other segment of the Army. Gen. Nc
Auliffe was in charge. Gen. Taylor Of
Arlington, Va. division commander, was
in Washington conferring at the War
Department.
We needed every available man to
stem the German break-through, and
Tony McAuliffe's bloomer boys and
glider boys were put into trucks, an
unusual mode of battle transportation
for air-borne, with all the heavy equip
ment they could gather, and moved to
then Insignificant Bastogne, the im-
Evening star., 1945-02-18

portant lin the military sense) little
Belgian town a full brassie shot from
the Luxembourg border. There they dug
in.
The impact of the German drive
struck them hard and they dug In
deeper, as they had in Normandy and
Holland. They ran low on ammunition
and food Nightly and even daily the
CATS roared over on resupply missions
dropping food and ammo to the 10lst.
The German Army swirled around them
and 'engulfed them. They were an
Allied island in a Wehrmacht tide, re-
plying to the German thrusts with hot
lead and cold steel. They lived, for a
while, on cognac and courage.
The cold military minds of the Ger
man commanders could not visualize an
American unit completely surrounded
and cut off from. its supply still holding
out. particularly as the Germans wanted
Bastogne badly. The Germans called for
surrender. Tony McAuliffe, with pitt
fully few rounds for his guns, his men
outstanding their small arms ammuni-
tion, looked the situation over 1t was
desperate but not hopeless. Unable to
Evening star., 1945-02-18
A. P. wirephoto

fails to open he has strapped on his
chest an emergency chute. whose rip
cord he holds in his hand as he goes
out the door. Not many paratroopers
have had to use the auxiliary chute.
The British have a different system.
They drop through hole in the plane
floor, and the chute is opened by
static line. but they have only one.
Air-borne is so new in its expansion
that in the high command posts are
found men whose initial commissions
were in infantry, artillery or other
Army ground force units. AS yet there
is no separate designation for air borne,
most Of whose commanders are infantry
commanders. Mai. Gen. Maxwell D.
Taylor. commanding the 101st division,
Maj Gen. Matthew B. Ridgeway for
merly commanding the 82nd, and Maj.
Jim Gavin, now commanding that out
fit, are infantrymen. So are Brig. Gen.
George c. Howell, and red-headed Col.
Bob Sink, and Brig. Gen. Ridgeley
Gather, commanding the parachute
school, and Maj Gems. Joseph Swing
and Elbridge g. Chapman
Anthony c. McAuliffe of the 4500
block of Yuma street, the pleasant
scrappy man who led the 10lst at Bas-
togne, Is an artillery ofhcer, and COM
manded the division IN the absence Ia
Evening star., 1945-02-18

Complete disruption of enemy rear
areas, demolition OF bridges, supply
dumps and communication systems, are
vital things in war If the enemys
communications are severed and he
doesn't know what unit Is where and
what it is doing it helps friendly forces.
If the enemy is in retreat and his mo-
torized columns cannot move because
of blown bridges the massed conglom-
Grafton of mobile equipment becomes
easy prey for air attack, particularly If
we have complete air superiority. If
demolition goes further and involves
enemy supply dumps it can be vital.
Effective Against Armor
But air-borne had an even deeper
meaning to the pioneers OF the early
days. They were not satisfied with the
idea of lightly equipped troopers, al
most sure to be wiped out by enemy
armor in the emo, doing only sniping
job behind enemy lines. They wanted
something that could be effective even
against enemy armor, something highly
mobile in the infantry category (which
meant transport by air. but something
that could occupy and hold ground
against any form of counterattack, in
Guiding tanks.
The bazooka, the two-man artillery
piece. was one answer to tank attack,
Evening star., 1945-02-18

If any more proof of the value of air.
borne is needed you have only to look at
the record of American air-borne divi-
sions in this war.
They were first in France Capt.
Frank Lillyman of the 10lst Division
dropped in Normandy at 1918 am. D
day and was followed by several thou
sand parachute and glider men from the
same outfit, and by similar components
from the 82d Division.
They were first in Holland, where the
same two divisions with British para
chute battalion, came very close to max
ing an end run around the north end of
the Siegfried Line, which, if successful,
might have wrapped up the war last fall,
The lack of success of this maneuver,
many military men agree came not from
failure of the air-borne troops to achieve
their objectives, but rather from failure
of hard fighting ground force unit to
crack the crust of German opposition
and consolidate the gains made by the
air-borne men.
And they (again the 101st Division) did
1t again toward the end of December
when they were yanked out of their rest
and replacement camp in Eastern France
and trucked to Bastogne in Belgium
where they became a little island in the
tide of Won Rundstedt's breakthrough,
and a Washington general named An
thony c. McAuliffe told off the Germans
Evening star., 1945-02-18

in typical American style with his reply
of nuts" to a demand for surrender.
Air Borne Is Here to Stay
1t is a military secret as toGhow many
air-borne outfits we have in the various
theaters of operations, but there is no
secret about the fact that air-borne is
here to stay, that it may play a major
part in the pattern of our future armies,
and that perhaps Jim Gavin of the
82d has something when he hopes, with
all the fervor of a typical air-borne
commander, that the United States
Army will make air-borne a major part
of its future infantry plan.
Nor is it mere chance that there is
todayein the European theater of opera
tionS an Allied air-borne army of many
thousand men ready at the command
Of high authority to drop anywhere be-
hind enemy lines and demoralize Ger
man resistance.
An air force general-Lt. Gen. Lewis
Brereton-commandS the 1st Allied Air
Borne Army with Maj. Gen. F. A. M.
boy" Browning of the British Army,
deputy commander Brig. Gen. Floyd L.
Parks of Washington is chief of staff
The Allied Air-Borne Army, possibly the
pattern of future armies, has in its high
command a leaven of infantry and air
force top men, which is the way air.
borne is rated at this robust infant stage
of its development.
Gen. Brereton had notable record of
achievement in the China Burma India
theater and headed the 9th Air Force
in the European theater before taking
over the air-porne army last summer.
On D day in Holland, in mid September,
Gen. Brereton, never chair-borne
commander, flew in a Flying Fortress
high above Nijmegen and Eindhoven,
where his new air-borne army first
spread its wings, and the British para
troopers made their valiant stand at
Arnhem across the Mas before their
decimated units were pulled out.
Our Early Experiments
Long before Crete and before the mass
jumps of Russian parachute infantry
near Moscow in the middle 1930s the
United States Army had been expert
menting with parachute jumps by in
fantry, the Allied problems of resupply,
and the vital equipment necessary for
the intricate operation of getting men
out of an airplane without injury and
to the ground ready to fight in first-class
condition and in about the time it takes
to write this sentence.
There were many pioneers in the
United States Army of those days in
air-borne, willing and eager to try this
new development in warfare, solve its
manifold problems, and help in the
birth of new war baby, infantry,
tougher and harder than almost any
other kind of ground troops, trucked to
the scene of combat by air. The ad-
vantages were many.
Evening star., 1945-02-18

tie ragged around them and flowed far
beyond
The r-borne men were surrounded.
and lacked ammunition. They had
enough, when Patton's tanks broke
through to them, for about an hours
shelling, but they wouldn't quit. They
would have fought with small arms and
knives and teeth and parachute boots,
but they wouldn't quit.
That is about all they had in Nor
mandy for while, but they did bet
ter than good job OF whipping Ger
man Army, and setting the stage for
the infantry divisions which came across
Utah and Omaha beaches later, drove
north to Cherbourg and with Joe Light
ming Collins setting the stage with his
7th Corps command, achieved the break
through at st. Lo which, swiftly ex-
plotted by Patton and his armor, lib
Grated France in a few short and event.
full days.
Normandy Was Real Test
Normandy was the real test for air.
borne. True, they had had some pre-
liminary campaigns with small units.
COL Edison Raft and a task force of
paratroopers dropped in Tunisia in No
vember, 1912, and for while had the
Germans on the run. Jim GAVIN and
about battalion, with Bill Ryder OBJ
serving, dropped in Sicily and more
units of the 82d, which had done the
last-named jobs, dropped at Avellino, in
, Italy. behind the Anzio beachhead. But
, by and large air-borne had done no big
job until Normandy.
The PRED day briefing was dramatic
and terse. The big war room near Lon
don, heavily guarded by soldiers with
ASS slung on their hips, was covered
with maps of Normandy terrain. In the
center stood a sand and plaster scale
model of the terrain on which the 101st
and 82d were to descend. 1t was all
very precise and coldly calculating as
Evening star., 1945-02-18

all military operations are-before they
begin.
Here said Maj. Larry Legere, lis a
battery of German 150s. They would
raise hell with our landing operations.
SO We have to liquidate them Here are
the La Barquette locks We have to
secure them to prevent the Germans
from flooding the meadows Here is
the road from Carentan north We have
to blow two bridges across the Douve
River to keep the Germans from moving
armor against us from the south And
here are the four causeways leading
inland from the beaches. We have to
secure them for the 4th and 10Th IN
fantry Divisions which will come across
the beach at $50 am
1t was all very cold and it sent few
preliminary shivers up the backs of the
three newspapermen. One of them
jumped in later. The other two went in
by sea. 1t wasn't easy to tell which had
the easiest road; the night jump into the
middle of the German Army, or facing
the fire of, the 88s on the hilltops and
the strafing attempts by the Luftwaffe
by day and night. And even though all
of us knew the caliber of the men and
their leaders, the West Wall still was
the West Wall and the Germans had
told us it was impregnable
We learned it wasn't, but we learned
the hard way. 1t wasn't easy and the
boys of the 10lst and 82d who lie buried
in, tN La hat f.,
Americans to live in the world to come
They also proved that air-borne has
arrived.
Spearhead in Holland
1t was the same in Holland in Sep
tember There again. as in the invasion
of Europe, ir-borne was the spearhead,
the shock troops who dropped in, on
and behind the enemy, consolidated and
held their positions. This time again it
was the same two divisions, with many
requirements in their ranks following
the Normandy campaign, who did the
job On their northern flank was the
1st British Parachute Infantry Division,
with boy" Browning in command.
They dropped across the Waal and
captured the bridge and held on, al
though surrounded by Germans. The
101st captured Eindoven, Dutch city
of 10000, and Nijmegen, and pushed
east.
But south was British Army, facing
lot Of desperate, hard fighting Ger
mans For days the two American and
one British paratroop divisions held out,
while the British foot troops tried to
slug their way through the corridor to
them 1t wasn't wide-that corridor
and the Germans had 1t under fire from
both sides. Gen. Brereton nearly got it
one day when shell burst near his
jeep. But the men Of Arnhem had to
give up. They had held open narrow
escape gap across the Waal and the
Evening star., 1945-02-18

but air-borne men were not satisfied
there alone.
Through the early days of air-borne
development they worked on methods
of transporting medium artillery and
their own ground transportation. They
developed, with the Ordnance Depart
ment, gun mounts for artillery up to los
millimeters which could be carried in
gliders and dropped in enemy territory
previously won and consolidated by the
paratroopers. They designed and de-
veloped many phases OF the now more
or less perfect art Of war from the air
by ground troops. The answer to the
dreams of those pioneers is showing its
effectiveness in all theaters of combat
today.
Pioneer Commanders
There were many men in the Arm
during the latter years of the past dec
ade who looked over the reports of
earlier experiments with paratroop task
forces and found them, with modiflca-
tions, good Some of those men hold
high command in the air-borne units OF
today, the 101st. the 82d, the 18th and
other units whose numbers cannot be
revealed for security reasons.
One of those pioneers is 1t. Col. VIII
liam B. Ryder, now in one of the
air-borne outfits overseas. Another is
Maj. Gen. James M. Gavin whose fam
lily live in Washington. Others, and
their name is legion, were quick to see
the possibilities of development of this
new weapon and went with air-borne.
The fruit of their brains and cleverness
now is hitting the German and Jap
where it hurts most.
Another pioneer was the late Col.
Howard R. johnson of Bethesda, Nd,
killed in action in Holland by enemy
shell fire Col. Johnson, commanding
the 501st parachute infantry of the
101st division at his death, was known
as "the jumpingest man in air-borne."
At last count he had bailed out of an
airplane something more than 100
times, and probably that count is low.
Bill Ryder was also guinea pig in PI
development. He doesn't talk about his
jumps, but associates say he has some
thing around 100.
Taking the Jump
1t takes CUTS to drop out Of the door
of throttled-down CAT airplane as
low as 900 feet above the ground. There
is your parachute, hitched up to a
static line in the roof of the plane. You
fall out the door and the static line
cord attached to your chute rips open
the pilot chute container. The prop
blast whips open the main chute and
! you dangle and control initial oscillation
by pulling the riser cords one way and
another, and you slip to the ground very
fast. The sight of that 28-foot para
chute overhead is sweet to the eyes of
a paratrooper.
But the American paratrooper has
double protection. II his first parachute
Evening star., 1945-02-18


this country of Gen. Taylor, who hastily
went back by plane to take over his
troops Gen McAuliffe now a two-star
general. is an artillery officer and now
has an infantry division Three days
after D day in Normany, he had
exactly three artillery pieces in his COM
mand, so serious had been the losses in
glider landings and by enemy action.
"Well get more pretty soon,' he said.
Three days later he had several bat
teries in action, some 75s and some loss
and few German pieces of indiscrimi-
nate caliber, together with ammunition.
His artillerymen had gone into swamps
and woods, and dug out with shovels
and jeeps the guns thought lost in glider
landings, and there they were shelling
the Germans in Carentan.
With that kind of commander 1t was
no surprise to any one who knows Tony
McAuliffe that he answered the German
demand for surrender at Bastogne with
a characteristic American nuts" and
that his doughty paratroopers and glider
infantry and engineers held out for
more than week while the tide of bat
Evening star., 1945-02-18

Maj. Gen. James NJ. GaDin,
air-bOrne pioneer, 1DhoSe fam
ily Ines in Washington.
use Bastogne, the German was supplying
is western line by pushing spearheads
over subsidiary roads north of Bastogne.
Stubborn McAuliffe and his command
ers knew that American armored units
were communicating the German
counterattack and that it would be only
a question of time before they showed
through to the 101st.
Later, in Paris. Gen. McAuliffe said
the l01st wasn't relieved, that it had
stopped the Germans cold and could
have held its island longer. perhaps
expanded. That has been the spirit Of
air-borne all through its operations in
this war. And thus air-borne operations
are being patterned for the army of
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-02-18
BY Walter McCallun1,
..

pattern
in
of striking swiftly mobile force fighting
of
Evening star., 1945-11-23

A large selection of dresses
in this group of prints and
stripes :. with or with
out collars, pockets,
touches Of embroidery, tie
sosh.
Evening star., 1945-11-23

It'll suit you for it's lOQ2o
wool with applique pottern
on jacket, flop front, knit
cuffs. Full and roomy
snow pants; all warmly
lined. Shodes of brown and
wine in sizes 7 to II.
Evening star., 1945-11-23

Be bright this Xmas sea-
son with sequin. nail
head or self trim new
dressl 2 piece, l piece
styles. B ! a C k, colors,
prints and duco dots.
Dres ssy. tailored and
coat styles. Pleated and
gored skirts. Sizes IL
to 20, 38 to A and 1Sh
to 24k.
born,c n~aoeoe
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1945-12-29
NQnQA nuA alien GiQH

nebrerer JorIdungen ltono. SS5m
Sabre 1888 getpann Or. Worgan ben
SAC, ,O0O=9tobel-B gr mar elmer
Der ieds 9lmerifaner, tpel9e i'm Ho.
oember 1886 BON BopIt BiuS XI. 81
Witglie0ern Ser papItli6en Atooemie
Der Biiieni6aften ernannt tpuroen.
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lifan bon Siio-Golifornio gbrenme.
oaillen bonn Eoplt. Beioe poren Ni6t-
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Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1945-12-29
8efebruns in Spanien

8ie aus Moorio beri6tet miro,
bat Or. emilio Socquemort, ebemali.
ger proteitantiider Boitor in Ueo-
orio, ltd 5ur fotboliihen Stride be-
febrt. er wurOe in Ger Mbteifirfe
Der gugultiner in 8urgos in Die Sir.
d)e aufgenommen. - 9r. Ssacque.
mart lit i'm GllaB geboren uno Itu.
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gen, Wforburg uno Srforo. gr Ipri9t
oier5ebn Spro6en. gr mar 9rofeifor
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furt uno an anoern oeutiden unioer.
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lonltder Jreuno Bopit Bius XII,
nit pel6em er befannt tpuroe, nls
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IN Ufiin6en Dar. Or. Sacquemart lit
neununooreiBig Sabre alt.
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1945-12-29
Nutionale marianiide &ongreffeier
Der &atbuliideu l1nineriitat Dun
9lmerifa in &aIbimatDn

9lnlGBli6 ser S6IuBfeier oeS er.
item marionil6en &ongreiie5 i'm no.
tionalen Seiligtum Der unbefIedten
gmpfGngnis am 5eIte Der l1nbefled-
ten gmpfangni5 mie5 Der 5eltrebner,
SohD. Or. Solepb 8. 2iup, C.M :,
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auf Die SatIude, oaB Dor fiinfunO=
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fangni5, Der Nattonalbeiligtum 4me-
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feiten," 10 fiibrte Der Heoner aus,
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iabrfeier Der @eibe Ser Ser. Stoaten
an Die VtuttergotteS unter Dem 81
tel ,l1nbefledte @mpfdngni5'. 8ir
brouden ni6t iiber Die 8ren5e unIers
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rem Daren in ben Ser. Stooten me-
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te, gor einem Sabrbunoert CAB e5
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genen SabrbunOerten bat Murio oft
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iii ilber Snmmer uno SideI sen Sieg
oaoontroge."