davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Trust in Truth Alone

To the Editor Of The Star:
All the American so-called gains" in
China aren't worth one Americans life.
Train the Chinese, educate them, send
them food and missionaries, but don't
spill more American blood in China S
civil war. My husband Is important to
me, so are thousands of other husbands,
brothers, sons and sweethearts. Sacri-
flee them for America and we will take
it, but don't waste the manhood of
American homes In another country's
civil war.
Yes, want world peace. More than
anything I want security and freedom
and the teachings of Christ to reach. all
nations, but surely with American In
genuity and world power we can help
them without any more bloodshed on
the part of Americans. Ask the men
who are over there what they think. My
husband writes, Here in this part OF the
world people are stu plowing the fields
with straight stick. while in our part
of the world they are splitting the
atom" Can't you see what must be
done? Give the world leveling of edu-
cation, not bombs. Send our educators
and missionaries in droves, send airmen
to teach them to ny, but don't do 1t for
them. Teach them truth, and the truth
will set them free.
NmS. GRO. ". 1opEN. u.
Evening star., 1945-12-04

President Truman has issued a state
ment showing that reconversion to
peacetime industry is ahead Of schedule.
In fact, so far as employment is con-
cerned-with related Unemployment
conditions are far better than had been
expected. In reconversion Of war plants
and production of civilian goods the
picture, too. is good.
However, despite the fact that retail
sales are reported to be 10 per cent
higher than at the same period a year
ago, distribution has not caught up
with employment and consequent pro-
duction. There are reasons for this.
1t takes time to get goods into retail
channels for one thing. Supplies must
find their way, through rather intricate
distribution methods, to the store
cotnters. r
Other factors, moreover, may be in
volved. Price controls on a large num-
ber Of items continue. At the same time
labor costs are uncertain. Industry has
been given q distinct impression that
the administration Is encouraging wage
increases all along the line, while at
the same time it Is determined to keep
prices from rising, through its mainte-
nance of the OPA and its price ceilings.
Caught between these two factors.
producers are not happy. Some of
them. 1t Is reported, are not anxious to
get their products into the markets in
large quantities until there has been
some lessening of price control-or at
least lifting Of the price ceilings-and
more definite information regarding the
heights to which labor costs may be
expected to go. The fact that next
year there is to be reduction in Fed
eral taxes on industry also is having its
effect.
President Truman in his statement
frankly announced there had been an
upsurge of strikes during the 100 days
since VI day. With the automobile
industry facing an almost complete shut
down, and the more than 100000 work.
ers in steel plants threatening to 60 on
strike if they are not granted 81 a
day increase in pay, the number Of un-
employed due to work stoppages may
jump to greatly increased figures.
Unless some measure of industrial peace
can be obtained within short time.
the favorable picture revealed in the
Presidents statement may change vitality.
Evening star., 1945-12-04

another Big Three meeting do any
better? There Is q tendency to think it
would because we so very much hope
it would.
We come down to this as the present
question: Shall we now transfer to the
UNO those problems arising from the
unfinished settlement of the war which
must be settled, with which it was not
originally intended that the UNO should
deal at all?
Would this wreck the UNO as has
been alleged by some observers, or is
the UNO in fact the only agency which
can successfully cope with these various
complex problems?
This writer is inclined to the view that
the UNO must take greater part in
the job of settling the war as we'll as.
thereafter, maintaining peace and Sc
curity. 1t Is difficult to agree with the
President that all the war-settlement
problems can be handed over to the
UNO within 80 days after it. gets to
work.
The Council of Foreign Ministers, In
which many hopes were centered, proved
a conspicuous failure at its first session,
and its experience suggests that some
AASnAo Au0ot VIC 1Oullu W UIl1lk GllS
smaller powers in the making Of the
peace settlements.
It is clear that much of the settle
ment must be done by direct conversa-
tions among the powers Immediately
affected. Diplomacy still has its place
In the making of the peace, just as it
will have in the maintenance Of peace.
But the United Nations Organization
is the major instrument by which the
world now hopes to establish common
policies and common approaches to the
great central need: Security against
war. It is. fortunately, coming into be-
ing at the very moment when the dis
covery Of atomic power has given us
both new horizons of hope and new
fears Of destruction.
We can, IL we are all determined to
do so, usher in an era of peace and
progress such as the century which
followed 1915. But the peace must be
better and more widely Organized than
was necessary In the limited world Of
1915, and the United Nations Organiza-
tion Is the instrument We have devised
to meet our needs. Il must develop, It
must grow, IL must be tried and tested.
(osossiSAA 1ozSl
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Thirty Years Ago Today

Inlrty years ago today the Ford
peace ship sailed from Hoboken.
The Star, commenting on the VEN
ture, expressed the belief that "en-
thusiasts, however noble their aim
to end the horror of strife, cannot
be expected to WELD a sufficient
influence in Europe at this juncture
to cause the warning nations to cease
their conflict" Only when one side
or the other is exhausted" could the
termination of the struggle be
brought about.
Henry Ford. however, did not call
of his enterprise. Having engaged
the Oscar II for the trip and having
persuaded eighty-three fellow-ideal-
lists to accompany him, he started
over the Atlantic to Christiania and
Stockholm as scheduled. Fifty-four
newspaper and magazine corre-
spondentS and three moving picture
news reel photographers were on
board the vessel when it left the
pier on the Hudson. Among the
more celebrated passengers were:
The Rev. DR.. Jenkin Lloyd Jones of
Abraham Lincoln Center, Chicago;
Hendrix Willem van Loon, the his
torian; State Senator Helen r.
Robinson of Colorado and Mrs. Inez
Milholland Boissevain of New York,
woman suffrage advocate.
AS an illustration of how ouixotic
the excursion was, the fact that the
delegates" wore large red and white
celluloid buttons inscribed "Out of
the Trenches by Christmas" may be
cited. Mr.. Ford at the last min
ute issued statement, beginning:
Il am sailing with the firm belief
that great good will come of this
mission" Thousands, II not millions,
Of his countrymen undoubtedly
shared his hope that the effort would
not fail. The difficulty was that the
peace ship had nothing but a pious
aspiration behind it. So the First
World War continued and the
Second World War occurred and a
Third World War may be possible.
Meanwhile, the atomic bomb has
been invented. To match 1t, a
spiritual dynamic-the forceful de-
termination Of the population Of the
whole earth to abolish recourse to
slaughter-is wanted.
If such power cannot be de-
veloped, the San Francisco Charter
and the United Nations Organization
may be just as futile, just as ludicrous
and tragic, as the Ford peace ship
was thirty years ago. The RESPONSE
bility to help In the solution Of the
problem is everybody's.
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Dangerous Souvenirs

The injury recently of three per-
sons who were inspecting strange
metal objects they had found in
public places serves to direct atten-
tion anew to the potential dangers
inherent in the practice, prevalent
among returning servicemen, of
bringing home war trophies of many
kinds as gifts for family or friends.
Most OF these souvenirs, of course,
are harmless. but all too frequently
the trophies include captured guns,
shells and grenades, supposedly un-
loaded, not to mention swords,
bayonets and knives of varied de-
scriptions. Although the armed
services have regulations designed
to prevent the importation of ex-
ploSives and similar hazardous ar
ticles, 1t is no secret that many
articles on the taboo list are arriv-
ing in this country and falling into
inexperienced and improper hands.
Not only have there been oc-
casional reports of grenades and
shells exploding and manning chill
dren and grownups who thought
them to be safe or who mistook
them for other objects. but some
imported weapons have turned up
In gangster circles, according to law
enforcement authorities. A New
York City prosecutor recently criti-
cized the War Department for al
legged laxity in dealing with the
souvenir" problem. asserting that
sixty-seyen foreign-made guns were
seized by police during Manhattan's
recent "crime wave" While it was
not shown that all OF these weapons
entered the country via the trophy
route. 1t is significant that more
than $4,000 rounds Of souvenir"
ammunition were found on troops
disembarking from one transport at
New York.
It Is only natural that oflicials
should take . tolerant attitude on
the question Of permitting return
ing veterans to bring back items
Evening star., 1945-12-04

The Groza government was estab-
lished after Assistant Foreign Com
missar Andrei Vishinsky few to Buch-
arest last February when it appeared
that the cabinet headed by Gen. Ra-
descu might not be too willing tool
of the Russian government.
Groza was placed at the head Of the
government, but to make sure that
there would be no double-crossing an
other member Of the Communist party,
Nine. Anna Pauker-also q Russian
citizen of Romanian birth--was made
the watchwoman for Moscow. She has
no official position in the government,
but her word is law.
In Romania the fact that an individ-
ual has been guilty of close association
with Hitler and his Berlin gang does
not necessarily make him a war GRIM
inal: neither does 1t prevent him from
having an important position in the
present puppet government. For in
stance, Gen. Vasiliu-Rascanu. who was
given the Iron Cross, frst and second
class, by Hitler and was later dismissed
from the Romanian Army for "un-
ethical behavior" is now Premier
Groza's Minister of War.
George Ralea, an important figure Of
the Workmen's Front, an organization
closely associated with the Communists,
is known to have been on friendly rela-
tions with Dr. Ley, the Nazi labor chief,
in 1899.
Ample proofs have been submitted to
Mr.. Ethridge showing that the original
terms of the armistice granted to
Romania by Russia with the approval
of the United States and Great Britain
are being discarded and that a reign
of terror is gripping that country as we'll
as Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.
According to certain reports, Mr.
Ethridge's trip to Moscow was not as
successful as he had hoped. He was re-
ceived politely but coolly by the Soviet
Foreign once. 1t is said that the Mos
cow officials pointed out to him that the
democratic governments" in the coun-
tries he had investigated were repre-
senting true democratic ideals, which
might differ from those prevalent in
America or in England, and the Rus
sian government was not attempting
to interfere in the domestic affairs of
those countries except by preventing the
re-establishment of "fascism"
Mr.. Ethridge is said to have learned
that the expression fascist applies to
all those who are opposing Russias aims
in the Balkans.
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Brazil Really Votes

ElecClOn Gay last sunday was a..
memorable date in Brazilian politi-
cal annals. To begin with, it was the
first presidential election in fifteen
years. The last one, in 1890, was
nullified when Getulio Vargas, the
losing candidate. staged a revolution
and instituted a dictatorial regime
which eliminated in his New State"
constitution of 1887, modelled on the
cooperative" setup of Fascist Italy.
Accommodating discontents over
threw Vargas at the end of last Oc-
tober in bloodless coup d'etat en-
gineered by the army but promptly
legitimatized by installing a nom
political "caretaker" government
headed by the chief justice of the
Supreme Court, charged with pre-
pairing elections. not only for the
presidency but also for a Congress
invested with the powers of a con-
stituent assembly to frame a new
constitution.
Those elections were prepared and
held with absolute fairness and free
dom. This was, in itself, an unprec-
'edented event. Brazilian elections
in the past have always been manip-
ulated to such an extent that the
average voter has taken them with
proper degree of cynicism. The
real contest was between cliques of
political leaders. the losers always
crying fraud" doubtless justifed)
and often trying to remedy the sit
uation by revolutionary action. This
time an electorate doubled in num-
bers by the admission of women to
the suffrage went gayly and eagerly
to the voting booths, confident that
ballot boxes would not be stuffed
and that returns would not be fall
sified. This, in itself. betokens an
awakened political consciousness
which is a good omen that the
Brazilian people will safeguard the
political liberties that they have now
genuinely tasted.
The results of the election may not
be known for several days. The two
leading candidates are army gen.
erals running on platforms that dif-
fered little from each other. Com
munist and Agrarian candidates are
expected to trail. The basic issue
appears to be the nature OF the new
constitutional regime which viii be
Evening star., 1945-12-04
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Brovn

Mark Ethridge, publisher Of the
Louisville Courier-Journal, who was
selected by Secretary of State Byrnes to
investigate political conditions in the
Balkans, Is expected to make his report
to Mr. Byrnes momentarily.
Although the Louisville publisher is
known for his advanced liberal ideas, 1t
can be said on the basis Of preliminary
elections can be held in Bulgaria or
Romania at this time.
Mr.. Ethridge has spent some time in
Sonia and other principal Bulgarian
cities, less time in Bucharest, and has
made flying trip to Moscow to discuss
with Soviet high officials certain mat
ters pertaining to his investigation. He
Is reported to be disillusioned with what
he saw and heard.
The Danubian states are ruled by q
trio who are as subservient to the Mos
COW orders as any military men COM
manding the Russian forces in those
areas.
In Yugoslavia there is Marshal Tito,
a Croatian by birth who Is a member of
the Politbureau in Moscow. AS such,
he is looking to headquarters" for ad-
vice and inspiration and Is disregarding
the desires Of the people on whom he
has imposed his dictatorship with for
eign help.
In Bulgaria there is a regency which
has replaced the 5-year-old King
Simeon and government which can do
nothing but obey instructions from
Moscow's chief agent, the famous Com
munist, George Dimitrov. Dimitrov is
"A Bulgarian by birth. but high-rank-
ing member of the Russian Communist
party who has spent the last 20 years
in Russia. Despite the pressure exer-
cised on the Bulgarian people by the
subservient authorities. many leaders of
the Bulgarian democrats found ways
and means of communicating with Mr.
Ethridge and acquainted him with the
real situation in that country, which still
Is occupied by Red armies.
In Romania, a country which pos
sesses important raw materials and Is
strategically important to Russia, the
Soviet domination is even more COM
plete, although less than per cent of
the population is communistic. The
Romanians have been permitted the
luxury Of keeping King Michael on the
throne. But the King is being complete
ly ignored and overlooked by the gov
ernment Of Premier Groza
Evening star., 1945-12-04
.UNO Must Work
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

If the United Nations Organization
is to serve the Nation which created 1t,
II it is to do the great work for which
it was designed, it must be given re-
sponsibility. 1t cannot grow, it cannot
have life, unless 1t is put to work. 1t
cannot command confidence unless it
is intrusted with the great tasks of
international conciliation and adjust
ment as we'll as the petty details.
These considerations were probably
in President Trumans mind when he
said that there would be no more Big
Three meetings. that the United Ma
tions Organization would have to take
have been dealing.
The President apparently feels we
cannot expect very much from UNO
if, whenever something really important
comes along, we say "Oh-oh-This is
much too difficult matter for a new,
untried organization. We'd better settle
this at Big Three meeting" This
tendency, or something very like it,
undermined the authority Of the League
OF Nations, as the President pointed
out.
1t must be recognized that the whole
underlying thought of the trainers of
the United Nations Charter was that
the UNO should deal with postwar
problems and not with the immediate
settlement Of the peace. The general
conception of most of the delegates at
San Francisco was Cd the settlement
Of the general conditions of peace by
the victor powers in consultation with
each other, and in relation to their
varying degrees of interest in the vari-
Gus theaters Of settlement; (2) the
UNO to take over from there on.
It would certainly have been very
much better II this condition could
have been realized; If the conditions o;
peace settlements could first have been
firmly established, and then handed to
the UNO as basis from which to
proceed in dealing with new business.
Whether this is possible is now be-
coming doubtful. The Council of For
eign Ministers was supposed to make
some advances in this direction. It's
failure caused immediate clamor for
another Big Three meeting and cast
over the future 4 shadow Of doubt which
has MT ~ been dispellsd hut xeald
Evening star., 1945-12-04

set up by the Congress. One Of the
most interesting features should be
that Of states rights" Previous to
the Vargas revolution. Brazil was a
federal republic, the states enjoying
more prerogatives than with us.
Vargas replaced this with a highly
centralized form of government
wherein states rights were virtually
abolished. 1t would be logical to
assume that some new balance be-
tween federal and state prerogatives
will be struck.
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Hirohito' S Status

General MacArthur's newest list
Of suspected Japanese war criminals
again raises the question OF what
Emperor Hirohito's eventual classifi-
cation is going to be. The list, which
Is made up largely of businessmen,
militarists. politicians, teachers, edi-
tors and writers, significantly in
cludes the first prince OF imperial
blood thus to be made subject to
arrest. He is Morimasa Nashimoto,
and since he is II years old and has
apparently been little but figure
head adviser to the throne. logic
compels asking why Hirohito him
self should not be named.
More important still, the deter
mination of Hirohito's position can
not be divorced from the proceed
ings now being conducted at Nuern-
berg. As set forth by Supreme Court
Justice Jackson, the chief American
prosecutor, one of the key principles
governing the trial of the NaZi lead
ers is that heads Of aggressor states
must be held personally accountable
for the crime of aggressive war, and
were Hitler alive and in our hands,
he would undoubtedly be sitting in
the prisoners dock today. Accord
ingly, as far as Hirohito Is con-
cerned, the question is not merely
whether he should be named If one
of his unimportant princely advisers
Is named, but also whether the
Nuremberg principle applies to him,
and If not, why not.
Considerations of logic and con-
sistency deeply color this situation.
AS the man advised, how can Hiro-
hito be immune when one of his
lesser advisers is named as suspect
on the ground, apparently, of having
advised him? And as the head of an
aggressor state which waged an ag-
gressive war, how can he escape the
sort Of trial called for by the Nuern-
berg principle? 1t may be, of course,
that he will yet be taken into Gus
tody. It may be that expediency-
the desire to make the initial phase
Of occupation as easy and orderly as
possible-has dictated the hands-off
policy followed up to now. It may
be, too, that General Macarthur and
his superiors here in Washington
have excellent reason to believe that
Hirohito did not want and was
powerless to prevent what happened
in Asia and the Pacific. Meanwhile,
though, the voices of logic and con-
sistency keep asking their persistent
questions.
This is not to suggest that Hiro-
hito should be arrested forthwith.
It is merely to suggest that as mat
ters stand today there is a kind of
delicate and embarrassing discrep-
ancy in the way we are handling
him on the one hand and the way
We are handling some of his advisers
and the Nazi leaders on the other.
AS long as this situation obtains, as
long as 1t lacks clear and convinc-
Ing explanation, the law and moral
ity involved will seem confused, and
the Nuremberg principle will look
like something quite haphazardly
applied, meaning one thing for Ger
many and another for Japan, so that
It may excite little or no respect in
the world of tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-12-04
Gipsy Bush

Her toose-strung 5etrels glittering
Like scarlet beads upon oypsy,
The whispering barberTy cnjoles
Until the tcintry heart grops tipsv
On promises OF things to come.
Prophetic at the touch OF frost,
She must toretell, NTH epery Leaf
BY trdnsitory stlver crossed.
Her shatrl in tattsrs, shs Is bold
With truth, and beautiful to boot.
Shaken by Ui,sds o. chance, shs knospl
Whist slHmsbsrs n the knottsd root.
YETZA ouLE9Pu.
Evening star., 1945-12-04

collected in their foreign travels. But
q stricter screening process undoubt-
edly would reduce the number Of.
souvenir" accidents and might also
curb the unexplained diversion Of
guns into criminal channels.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-01
Guinea Pig
Rhine Crossing Tested
on Columbia River

THE DALLAS, Ore. March 81
tUP) The cost Of a $34 900, 900
experiment conducted on the Co
lumbia River here last summer
was paid in full when the Ameri-
can armies plunged across the
Rhine.
This was the guinea pig" area
where army engineers toiled and
experimental for months 10 per-
feet technique for spanning the
Rhine, major barrier in the drive
TO Berlin
Columbia countryside was
selected as the site for the project
because 1t closely resembles the
Rhine.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-01
CAREFUL CHECK CLICKS

y is known that the state de-
partment is greatly interested in
iniS sworn declaration OF man
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-01
Is Tito an Ex-U.S. Red
Detroit Riots Inciter?
Comrade Identifies Photograph
as Former Communist Aqitator
BY HOWARD RUsHMoRE
New York JournAI-Ameriean staff Writer

WASHINGTON, March 31-Is Marshal Tito Stains mill
ryleader in Yugosava former agtaor for the Communist
party in the United States?
Is he Yugosav who entered this country illegally in 1925
and later became prominent figure leading Red hunger
marches and Detroit, Chicago and Pittsburgh?
Josp Boz famiarly known Marshal Tito, really
Rudolph Baker former of the Communist nernatonae
worked to overthrow the that
nizes him head Of the Balkan Liberation" movement?
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-01

whom they have found TO be re-
liable.
They have checked Comrade
KS record and have found that
he was in charge of Bakers ac-
tivities and was an intimate as
sociate Of the man whose photo
graph appears on the passport.
Even personal mannerisms Of
Marshal Tito as reported by Of
ficial and unofficial observers in
Yugoslavia check with the de-
scription of Rudolph Baker fur
nished by Comrade X.
Detroit evening times., 1945-04-01
Lectures in Adrian

ADRIAN. March 81 Maurice
HlnduS, lecturer on Russia, Will
appear on the Adrian College
campus Monday evening for the
final program in the TOwnhall
series sponsored by The Adrian
Community Council.