davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-28

Netherlands (the countries where an
influx of German labor is needed to
repair the ruins left by the war;, some
sort of control ought to be set up. Such
is the first idea that comes to mind.
However, there is no control clause to
be found in the draft convention. And
this lack must be seen as political
caution. Can any sensible person Wis
ualize a commission of the United Ma
tions on a tour of inspection any where
east of the Oder? Numberless wrangles
would crop up.
More important, is the second point
because a practical issue is at stake, an
issue which cannot be summed. Amer
leans and Britons suggest that whatever
supplies they send into Germany to
feed the population should be a first
charge against reparations payments.
At the same time, they enunciate a
proviso of great significance. Those i'm
ported supplies-al subject, of course, to
prior approval by the four governments
responsible for the management Of
Germany are to be so limited that the
standard of living of the German people
never rises above the living standard in
neighboring countries; for instance,
France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, etc.
y
The Soviet Union is known to have
raised objections which, so far, have
not been disclosed. But it is not difficult
to hazard a guess. Premier Stain and
his advisers may disagree with the view
that the foodstuffs exported to Ger
many by Britain, America and France
should absorb part of Germany's pay
ments to the Allies taken globally, that
is, including the Russians themselves.
Moreover. in the light of past declara-
tions, Stain and his advisers may also
cling to the argument that the German
people ought not to enjoy the standard
of living of even the least favored
among the United Nations.
On such problems Prime Minister
Attlee's voice will not perhaps be
pitched to the same tune as former
Prime Minister Churchill's.
North American Newspaper Aliance)
Evening star., 1945-07-28

shipping were seized. and this abun-
dance of merchant tonnage enabled
the Japanese to launch their far
flung invasions and firmly knit COM
munications with their vast new
colonial empire.
Then the tide began to turn: at
first slowly, but presently with ever
accelerating momentum. Today, both
Japan's Navy and merchant marine
are either in Davy Jones' Locker or
blasted wrecks in shattered ports.
And it is most unlikely that the vic
tors will permit postwar Japan
either warships or ocean-going mer-
chant vessels in any volume. Sea-
wise, Japan is virtually back where
she was when our Commodore Perry
opened her closed gates to the outer
world nearly a century ago. That
isolation had been voluntary ON ia
pans part. This one will be imposed
by foreign decree.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

however, face their first test at the polls
next year. Despite the unquestioned
present popularity of President Truman,
his party will be faced In those elec-
tions with the same feeling of resent
ment, growing out of wars hardships
and heavy taxation, which the govern
ment of Churchill faced in the recent
British elections. A straw in the wind
Is the recent Republican victory in
Montana congressional district, to fill
a vacancy. 1t was district which had
for years been going Democratic by con-
siderable majorities. The dislike of
Federal regulation over their everyday
lives during the war played an impor-
tant part in this election-which took
place after Mr.. Truman became Presi-
dent
How far to the left the British will
actually go remains to be seen. They
have been known as a conservative peo-
pie, devoted to freedom. There seems
no slightest chance that anything COM
munistic will creep into their handling
of affairs in their own country. At the
same time there is no doubt they will
undertake to rectify conditions which
existed in their country, and which
needed rectifying. Britain is in for its
own new DEAL" with fewer privileges for
the few and more for the many. But
when those changes have been made,
there will still be no communism.
~ Il
For the countries which have been
overrun on the continent and since
liberated, the impact of the British cleo
tions may be great. There is misery and
want at every turn. There is Russia,
with its communistic government, press
ing strongly for similar forms of gov
ernment beyond its boundaries, to secure
itself in the future. On the other hand,
those countries which desire to retain
a maximum of freedom from outside
control will think twice. If they come
more directly into the orbit of Russian
influence, freedom for their own peoples
will be lessened. Freedom in a totali-
tartan state is nonexistent. certainly
freedom of the American kind, whether
that state be fascist or communist. 1t is
one thing to live at peace with such
state, and quite another to accept its
ideologies and its kind of government.
e If, however, the swing of the British
people to the left means anything, 1t
means a swing TO the left in Europe.
That it means anything of the kind here
is still to be determined. Much will de-
pend on conditions as we convert from
war economy to peace.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Our Dotheboys HuLI

A committee of citizens under
Craftsmanship of G.. Rowland Shaw
has just completed report for the
Council of Social Agencies on the
notorious Industrial Home School
on Wisconsin avenue. Like other
reports on the same dismal subject,
it notes conditions which are ap-
palling, which nobody attempts to
defend and which usually are ex-
planned by acknowledged personnel
difficulties Of wartime and the an
tiQuity of the buildings So much
has been said along the same lines
in the past that repetition here is
unnecessary.
But in one respect the report is
encouraging. Fully sympathetic as
to the inadequacies, the report nev-
ertheless points to steps which can
be taken now to improve conditions,
without waiting until the school will
be moved to other quarters or when
a fine new "Children'S Village" for
which there are no approved plans,
will be built.
For that reason The Star hopes
that this report will be carefully
studied by each member of the
Board of Public Welfare and will not
be simply disposed of by the letter of
acknowledgment from Director of
Public Welfare Ray Huff, which in
its tone is about as diScouraging and
wet -blankety as the general atmos-
phere of hopelessness" which Mr..
Shaw's committee found to exist at
the school,
Too many of our responsible off,
cials, including the volunteer mem
bers of the Board of Public Welfare,
are inclined to look to some indef-
mite future as the earliest possible
time at which real improvement
can be expected. The most imme-
diate date discussed now, for exam
pie, is when the school is moved to
the National Training School on
Macarthur boulevard. That may be
some time this fall. But Mr.. Shaws
report points out that some con-
structive and beneficial steps could
be taken Immediately to improve
the lot of the inmates at the Wis
consin avenue site, in advance of a
move which is several months away
The Industrial Home School is not
a training school, despite its name.
1t is not custodial institution, for
boys apparently find little difficulty
in escaping. 1t is, in fact, about on
a par with Charles Dickens Dothe-
boys Hall, a disgraceful scandal
which will not be remedied untii
there is more indication of righteous
Indignation in the Board of Public
Welfare. accompanied by real dis
position to overcome an apathetic
attitude which cannot indefinitely be
attributed to past Encouragement
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Domei's Reply

Pending official word from the
Japanese government or official
silence over a period of time suffi-
GENTLY long to indicate that Japan
does not intend to reply to the
recent Allied ultimatum, there will
be little disposition to accept as
final the answer which has been
broadcast by the Domei News Agency.
Domei says it has been "authori-
tatively learned" that the ultimatum,
calling upon Japan for prompt sur
render and setting forth in general
terms the conditions of capitulation,
will be ignored by the japanese gov
ernment, which has decided to fight
on to the bitter end.
Despite the categorical nature of
Domei's assertions, it seems unlikely
that this is Japan'S last word in
response to the ultimatum. In issuing
their demand, the governments of
the United States, Britain and China
made it perfectly clear that the
alternative to surrender on the con-
ditions laid down is the total de-
struction of Japan. And by this
time the japanese, warlords as we'll
as the mass of the people, know that
the Allies have the means of carry
ing out this threat. For this reason,
even If the Japanese government
desires to carry on the fight, it
probably would feel compelled to
inform the Japanese people of its
reasons for rejecting terms which,
while severe enough, are infinitely
better than the certain consequences
OF blind refusal to recognize the
fact that the war has been lost.
In this situation it is reasonable
enough for the Allied governments
to wait a while before concluding
that the japanese government has
given its answer in the words of
the Domei broadcast. But at the
same time we must be prepared for
Vic pOoolpII1Gy ClldO Japan, OeSpIIS
the hopelessness of her position, will
not admit defeat.
In that event, it is to be expected
that the final Allied blows will be
set in motion without further delay.
Presumably, the terms outlined in
the ultimatum are final. They
satisfy the demands which have
been made in this country for some
definition of unconditional sur
render, and it does not appear that
there is anything to be gained from
additional offers to the japanese.
The ultimatum gives them a
chance for national survival, which,
in the opinion of good many
Americans, is more than they de-
serve. If this should be rejected, if
the japanese choose the alternative
of national destruction, our unshake-
able purpose must be to employ
every means at our disposal to
destroy them as quickly as possible.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Navy Point System

After We day, when the war
Department announced that the
Army would be cut to figure just
under 100000, the Navy made
clear that for it's part it contem-
plated no demobilization and would
maintain it's maximum authorized
strength until the defeat of Japan.
This policy still stands, despite the
point system just set up to make
some 10000 naval officers and en-
listed men eligible for discharge by
next December.
AS explained by the Navy, the new
system-under which a man will
need from SO to ST points to be re-
leased-will affect only the older
reserve officers and enlisted person.
nel Officers of the Regular Navy
are not included, except those COM
missioned temporarily out of the
ranks. One point will be credited
for each year of age, and an addi-
tional point for every four months
of active duty since September l,
1899, but individuals who have the
required total already, or who will
have it soon, will be obliged to
wait from three to six months be-
fore action is taken on their appli-
cations for discharge, and the plan
will not apply at all to reserve Off
GERS in the dental, medical and
chaplain corps until shortages in
these departments no longer exist.
This point system. under which
about 11,600 officers and 10000 en-
listed men will be in line for release
by the end of the year, is obviously
not comparable to the Army plan,
which will have discharged about
100000 troops by next spring. Far
from being a demobilization meas
ure, it is designed primarily, as the
Navy emphasizes, to increase "oyer-
all efficiency by replacing Older men
with volunteers and inductees." Un-
til Japan finally goes down, in short,
the strength of our naval personnel
is to be kept at the maximum au-
thorized-3, ,389 900,
Though the japanese appear to be
growing groggy to the point of
helplessness, the magnitude of the
Navy's task in the Pacific has not
diminished. On the contrary, with
supply lines stretching clear across
this greatest of oceans and with in
vasion in the offing, the work i'm
mediately ahead particularly from
the logistical acknowledgements
to be harder than ever, and 1t can
Evening star., 1945-07-28

victory-or the approach of victory
leads Allies each to think of his future
interests. The new British Prime Min
lister, Clement Attlee, naturally hastens
to pledge that his government will finish
the war with Japan. He must needs do
so, unless he would propose to bring
about the liquidation of the British
Empire which Winston Churchill pro-
claimed was never to be his policy.
Only the finish of the war with
Japan will restore to Britain the VAL
liable Asiatic portions of her empire
from which she draws tin and rubber
for home consumption and to sell to
the world market. Lose these areas
and the Briton can no longer boast
that the sun never sets on his flag.
1t is the United States which will
have to finish the war with Japan,
and no Briton or Russian will dis
courage us in bearing the brunt OF
the job.
The British change in government
cannot change the plan Of British
strategy in the war on Japan, which
has long been set. Britain's war fatigue
and preoccupation with rebuilding her
wrecked homes and domestic issues, and
the common human inclination to let
George do 1t (when George has made
it his business to do it,, will hardly
increase the power of the British effort.
After Japan had lost command of
both sea and air in the execution of
the strategic plan of warfare in the
Pacific, considerable part of the
British feet, released from home waters,
Joined the Americans in operations
against the Japs. Among the British
ships are cruisers and deStroyers
manned by Canadians Australian and
New Zealanders, with a further re-
inforcement of Canadian frigates in
prospect.
British aircraft carriers have added
their weight to our carrier bombing
and British battleships their shells to
the bombardments in Admiral Hal
sey's Furnishing raids along the japanese
home coasts But inevitably it is our
land based Super Fortresses and other
Army bombers and land-based naval
bombers which are putting over the
softening-up process for invasion.
The Australian Army still is fighting
to clear islands in the South Pacific OF
hold-out japanese garrisons, and Is
winning Borneo, which will open up
sources of rubber and oil supply, but
there is no suggestion of any British
Army Joining in the invasion OF Japan.
Supported by other elements OF the
British fleet, In cleaning up any remain.
ing Jap ships In the Indian Ocean area,
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Exit Jupun's Seq Power

The aerial blasting Of the last
capital units of the japanese Navy
in their hideouts on the Inland Sea
or Tokyo Bay is not merely an i'm
portant strategic step clearing the
way for an Allied invasion. 1t also
has profound political and economic
implications. The passing of a major
sea power deeply affects the balance
of world affairs, and such an event
is now taking place. The destruc-
tion of Japan's Navy is. indeed. more
momentouS even than the surren-
der of the Imperial German High
Seas Fleet at the close of World War
One and its subsequent voluntary
scuttling at Scapa Flow. This is
because Germany has been prima-
rily a land power, whereas insular
Japan is comparable to Britain in its
vital dependence upon sea power as
the basis for it's political and eco
nomic position in the world.
This truism was understood from
the first by the makers of modern
Japan, the creation of navy going
hand in hand with the building of
strong army on western lines.
Japan's new navy initially proved its
worth in the war against China
half a century ago, gained new
laurelS against CzariSt Russia dec
ade later, and emerged as a major
factor in World War One. It's status
was confirmed by the Washington
Naval Conference of 1921. when the
famous 1858" ratio was established
between America, Britain and ia
pan, respectively. In the days be-
fore the development of the long
range airplane, this assured Japan
an almost invulnerable defensive
position in its own sphere except as
against an aggressive Anglo-Ameri-
can attack, which was most i'm
probable. Furthermore, Japan's sea
power was amplified by its big mer-
chant marine, totalling fully 7000,-
600 tons, operating profitably not
only in the Pacific but throughout
the globe.
This secure maritime position was
risked by the supreme gamble at
Pearl Harbor. The first results, to
be sure. were gratifying. The main
American battle fleet was badly
crippled by the Parl Harbor SNEAK
punch" the American, British and
Dutch squadrons in the Western
Pacific were overwhelmed. fully
100000 tons Of Allied merchant
Evening star., 1945-07-28

The Labor party's sweeping victory
in Britain Is widely searched for its
political implications-rlo alone in Eng
land, but In this country and In Europe.
1t Is hailed as move toward the left
as 1t is, since the Laborites have de-
clared for a kind of state socialism,
with the naturalization of some of
the basic industries. Further, the ques-
ton is asked: why did it happen, why
were the British willing to cast aside
Winston Churchill, the man who led his
country from the dark days of threat
ened defeat to victory.
War, long and bitterly contested,
whether victorious or not, is not popular.
1t places too many hardships on the
people of any country involved. AL
though the people may support whole-
heartedly the war effort, they may
easily come to dislike and distrust the
government which has conducted the
war, and under which they have borne
heavy burdens. Americans have only
to look back on what happened in this
country in elections of 1918 and of
1920 for an example of this revulsion
of feeling. The late President Woodrow
Wilson and his administration had con-
Quoted successfully a war in which
this country was victorious.
In 1918, on the very eve of final
victory, the voters in this country turned
from a Democratic majority in Con-
gress to a Republican majority, even
though the President had made an
appeal for the election of a Democratic
Congress. Two years later, the Demo-
cratic party was completely swept out of
control in the executive as well as the
legislative branchessof Government. The
American people were sick of war. 1t
may be that similar revulsion of feel
ing took place among the people Of
England, resulting in the defeat Of
Churchill and the Conservative party.
The Labor victory in England without
doubt will give the liberals in this coun-
try heart. They will see in it an augury
of what to expect in the congressional
elections next year, and in the presiden-
tial election in 1948. They will make
every effort to turn President Truman to
the left and to win his support of liberal
measures. They will demand that he
give ear, for example, to Sidney Hill
man, who has been head of the PAC,
rather than to Postmaster General Ham
negan, chairman of the Democratic
National Committee. The democratic
party, including the New Dealers and the
rest of the more radical element will.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Russiun in the Schools
From the Hartford courant.

From the Hartford Courant
The decision by the Hartford Board
of Education to include the teaching
of Russian in the public schools. If
enough pupils wish it, comes at most
appropriate time.
The study of Russian In our public
schools is based on a practical as we'll as
a sentimental basis. Unless all signs
are wrong, the next few decades will
see increasing social, economic and cult
ural relations with the Soviets.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
LocuI judge Needed

The report that Attorney General
Clark is said to look with favor upon
the selection of a member of the
local bar to fill one of the three
vacancies on the United States
Court of Appeals for the District
gives rise to hope that an unreason-
able discrimination against District
lawyers soon will be corrected. 1t
also is gratifying to learn that the
new Attorney General intends to act
promptly to restore the depleted
personnel of this important appel
late court.
For ten years members Of the
District bar have been arbitrarily
excluded from consideration for
appointment to the Court of Appeals,
despite the fact that its work is
largely local in character and that,
in most instances, it is the court of
last resort for District litigants.
This policy has been predicated on
the contention, more in the nature
of fiction than fact, that the Court
of Appeals is essentially national
court. A decision of the Supreme
Court last year, however, emphasized
the Importance of having judges on
the Court of Appeals who are famil-
lar with "the intracacies and trends
of local law and practice" and, more
recently, it has been shown that,
because of their nonmembership in
the local bar, four of the five justices
serving on the appellate court last
term lacked the necessary qualifica-
tionS to practice before it. This is
a condition which is manifestly un-
fair to the local bar and which,
despite the competence of the men
who have served on the court, can
be expected ultimately to operate to
the detriment of the tribunal. For
this reason, If for no other, 1t is
gratifying to learn indirectly that
the present Attorney General is
expected to correct an abuse of ten
years standing.
The present members Of the court
as we'll as the members of the bar
will welcome Mr.. Clark's decision to
act promptly in filling the vacancies
on the court with carefully chosen
men. Because one of the appellate
judges is fully engaged in other
work, there are now but two active
members of a court which is sup
posed to have six justices. One of
the places has been vacant since
May of 1943-more than two years
ago. Needless to say, this is a form
of neglect which hampers the work
of any court, and there is every
reason why these personnel def
ciencies should be made good at the
earliest possible date.
Is there any more lonesome sight
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Reputriute

We lay in strange halt-darkness thick
NTH slime, ass
Where heat poured through the steam
ing Jungle spaces.
Pain and hunger and thirst and hour
less time ~
Were there, and creeping death fin.
gered our faces.
Then on a day THEY stormed the tam
gIed street, q.
And, lifting gently as gray-robed
nun, ~
They slipped the chains from OF our
fostering feet, Is
Then after three long years. De satr
the sun.
Slo,oly they dreW US back to health
again. ee
Our flesh is whole no,p. and our arms
are strong. ts.
Deep Is our slunber, calm as sea birds
Dhen
They skim the curling breakers, blue
and long.
Deep are our dreams. as, ,Datching sand
and foam,
We w1it the hdllotued hour that brings
Hs home.
GRACE Y. WATKINS.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
Another Older Soldier
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Several years ago when my husband
was inducted into the Army he was 80
years old. He left behind him a wife
and two children. He also gave up a
well ll-established business. Two and
one-half years have elapsed since then.
My husband has acquired 50 points
toward a discharge. He is now So
years old.
Unless change Is made in the pres
ent Army policy of retaining older
soldiers we face the prospect of 2 or 8
or more years of continued separation
and borderline subsistence. My hus-
band will be demobilized when he is
close to 40. His business already has
been ruined. He will then face the
prospect of competing for a job with
20-years-olds.
The question in my mind, and in the
minds of thousands of similarly situated
wives and families, is this: Is this the
kind of democracy we've been fighting
and sacrificing for?
A FORGOTTEN SOLDIERS WIFE.
Evening star., 1945-07-28
New Use for Fathers Shirt

From the st. Louis Post st-Dispatch.
The teen-age girls explain the tails
out bluejeans fad by saying that its
smart to wear your fathers shirt" Ordi-
narily, the parents vanity would get
lift from such approval of even one item
in his wardrobe. But these still are try
ing times, and the sartorially up-to-date
Junior miss who cuts into a depleted
shirt supply from doting dads over-
due laundry bundle is running the risk
of deserving what Little Iodine always
CetS