davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
INDUSTRY POLICY

IL 10 my psrsonoi opinion
that there are only one or tWo
critical items on Vhieh GM pro
duetion 10 an essential part Of
the pieturs for the other manu-
faetursrs. For you, Of course.
are weH awars that IL is the pol
icy Of the industry TO have at
least two suppiisrs and prefer
ably more for each part or
component fhot an automobile
manufacturer buys. ! shall com
u,unieats tDith you again as soon
as the nsesssory data has been
collected and anaiyIsd.'
Prom these quotations IL Is
clear that the international
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
How TrOOpS
Come Home

Troopships arrioinR in u. S.
home ports today included the
fottou,tar.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
KNEW OF CRISIS

II is now clear that Marshall
knew A break with Japan was Inn
mrnent and he must now explain
his seeming laXity IN the days be-
tween Nov. II and Dec. Z
After he learned Huh had sent
what he regarded as an ultima
tum, Marshall left Washington the
following day, Nov. 27. to attend
army maneuVerS. The wires.
-UCdnWhte, buIled with fateiul
messages.
Finally, the night Of Dec. 6 ar
rived.
The wires in the army and navy
intelligence were hot with the
omnouS Japanese messages telling
that the blow was near.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
COMMON PRACTICE

The policy of issuing statements
from JAW headquarters under a
union officials name IS not an un-
usual one.
There have been frequent occa-
SionS when statements have eman-
ated from the union purpOrtedly
hy some Official who actually was
not even IN town and had never
been consulted.
The revolt against the So-called
agreement was spearheaded by
AC Sparkplug Local 651 Of Flint
and received the endorsement OF
the Greater Flint Industrial Union
Council. CIO. representing 10000
striking workers in four GM
plants.
The AC plant had been conSid-
cred as one of those plants which
would reopen under the agree
ment. II employs 9,023 workers
and produces fuel pumps and
spark plugs FOR Ford, Chrysler,
Sttudebaker and Nash.
MESSAGE TO THOMAS
In a wire 10 Thomas the AC
workers stated;
we vigorously protest
back-tO-wOrk agreement for any
portion of our people. Our plant
Is down 100 per cent and we in
tend TO keep IL down 100 per
cent until our just demands are
won"
In his statement today, Thomas
said ;
II wish to correct erroneous
impressions which seem to have
arisen from a misinterpretation
Of the letter 1 addressed to C.. r.
Wilson, GM president, yester-
day. ! want to emphasize par
ticIlarly the following exact
quotation from my letter;
The international union tDHi
proceed at once to ascertain
from the automobile nanufoe-
tursrs just What parts they pro-
! cure from your corporation,
What their present stoekPiis CON
ssts of and whaf other sources
are available.
ION the basis Of the facts
thus collected. ! shall inform
you, in due course, Of the stu.
dtion and the International union
UAW-CIO WH proceed TO 10y
the facts bsfors the Uorious CM
local unions whieh may be in
UoIVsd.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
DISCUSSED BY FBI

According 10 BicknellS affida-
Vit. the warning that the Japs
were destroying codes also was
discussed by the navy and the tBl
al Hawaii
Miles told the committee last
week that he had no knowledge
Of the army in Hawaii ever having
been advised Of this development
by the navy. That was true IN
l94l. Miles said. but not true to
DAY or last week
He then explained that he had
seen a copy of Bicknell's affidavit
last week before taking the wit
ness stand, but apparently had
overlooked this angle.
Miles also went on 10 correct
what he said he feared was IAN
impression Of complacency" with
relation TO the army's handling OF
intercepted and decoded secret
Jap messages prior TO the Pearl
Harbor attack.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
Mercy Plane
RefueIs Here
CONTINUED from Page Onel

= -creuLnf three headed by Capt,
Walter Edwards, the pilot. Ed
wards first officer and Co-pilot
was Burke Frees: his stewardess,
Miss Margaret Ross.
After refuellng and transferring
mail sacks, the plane took off at
s "a. IN. on the last leg of its
flight TO LaGuardia Field, New
York, where il was scheduled 10
arrive at 1857 a. m.
From there Judy. her mother
and her physician were 10 take
another plane TO Baltimore.
From Seattle TO Minneapolis
little Judy breathed through a
rubber oxygen mask that fitted
closely over her face. She cX'
perenced difficulty only once
over the Rocky Mountains.
Dr. Wilson administered a mild
ScdatiVe and she recovered A
Minneapolis, the plane dropped
down 10 a lower altitude and the
mask was removed.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
LANDS AT ROMULUS

The child had but one meal.
her specially prepared milk for
mula, during the long tranScontl-
mental trip. Most Of the time she
slept like a log" her mother re-
ported.
Judy has been unconscious part
of every day of her life and IS un-
able TO laugh or cry or walk 10
feet since birth. She can smile,
however.
With the ceiling only 500 feet in
Detroit. the plane was forced 90
fdnd az RbmuluS rather than City
Airport. where a l0OO.ioot ceiling
Is required.
All major airlincs reported all
flights west of Detroit grounded
except little Judy 5 mercy light OF
Northwest AirlincS.
The worst weather was cnCOun-
tered between Minneapolis and
Detroit. At LaGuardla Field air
lines attendants reported a TO-
.O0O-foot ceiling with four miles OF
visibility.
JudyS father and her biz sister
Carol Jay, Z, bade the little lnvallc
and her mother farewell at Seattle
All four were fearful at thf
prospect of a separation on Christ.
mas and on judy 5 third birthday
Jan. &.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
MARVELLOUS WORK"

I'VE were in no means com
placent about it," Miles assured
The committee. 1.-THE astonlsh-
Ing thing lS-uet that these mes
sAges were delayed in transla-
tion but that we were able 10
do II at all. II was a marvel
Gus piece OF work by the highly
technical men who handled it,"
The Bicknell affidavit, accord
ing 10 Miles testimony today, was
given before Col Henry C.
Clausen, who was designated by
former secretary Of war Stlmson
IN obtain statements from various
key army figures who already had
testified before the ar1ny's Pearl
Harbor hoard.
Stimsons act in assigning one
officer to go back over the ground
already covered and obtain state
ments in which some testimony
was reversed has been criticized
by Republican members Of the
joint congressional committee.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
Army Warned
Of Jap 'Snedk,
Gen. Niles Chances
Story Before 8oard
I94s

WASHINGTON, Dec. : TNSl
The Pearl Harbor committee
was told today that the army
staff in Hawal on or about Dec
3 1871. had the navy 5 war warn
ING that japanese diplomats were
destroying secret codes as pre-
lude 10 hostiiueS,
This information correcting
earlier testimony that the army
had not shared in the navy infor-
nation, was given as the commit
uEC1ued 70 Ca1I Gen. MARSHAL
as A witness ThurSda ymornlnG.
Marshall requested that he he
allowed 10 appear and begin his
story on that day and the com
mittee promptly agreed.
The former chief Of staff Will
he on the witness stand on tho
fourth anniversary OF the Dec, .
l94l disaster.
MILES CHANGES STORY
Mai. Gen. sherman Nlc> army
intelligence chief IN 1871. told the
committee that contrary 10 his
testimony OF last week, ne had
seen an affidavit Of Col. George r.
BlCkncll assistance intelligence
chief in Hawaii in 194l stating
that the navys warning Of Dec. }
was shown TO him
Miles said that Bicknell'S state
ment, given in the ClauScn inveS-
tgation, revealed that on the
morning of Dec. 6, 194l. ne told
a staff conference at Hawaii OF
the navy's information and said
that destruction Of those papers
had a serious intent and that
something warlinke was likely TO
happen"
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04
Marshall ldpses
In 194t Recalled
By JOHN II. FLYNN

Written Especially for Hearst Ne"spAP
WASHINGTON, Dec. 3-AS me
Pearl Harbor inquisitors gft
around TO Gen. MarShalls share IN
the 1871 disaster, il is well 10 re.
member that the criticism OF hlm
was made not by political crlucS,
but by an official army board
named by Secretary Stimson.
The board said he failed IN the
following particulars:
To keep Gen. Short supplied
with information of the growing
tcnSeneSs of which information
he had an abundance and Short
had none.
. To send additional informa-
tion TO Short when ne realized
that Short had misunderstood
hrs message OF Nov. II.
To send Short on Dec. s and
Z the critical information indi-
eating an immediate break with
Japan.
To investigate the state ot
readiness of the Hawaiian COM
mand between Nov. u and
Dec. Z.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04

Here IS the list of most recent
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-04

TOpAY'S TOTAL.
TOTAL TO DATE
Evening star., 1945-03-18
Hospitality Of French
Told in Soldiers Letter

Pfc. Ted Nix, 20, Army Ordnance
recently wrote his grandmother
Mrs Robert Henault, 1108 Fourth
street NE, for some canned foods
with which to repay the wonderful
folks" in France.
They have so little, yet they in.
vite us boys for meals" he wrote
They use all their rations on one
meal just to show their apprecia-
ton, then during the remainder OF
the week subsist on broth from the
scant few ounces Of meat they are
allowed and their daily bread ra-
tions. You cannot refuse an invi-
tation to eat for they would be in
suited and yet your heart aches
every second that you are there"
Pvt. Nix was graduated from Nc
Kinley High School and worked fol
the Patent Office before he went
into the Army. He has been over
seas 13 months, his grandmother
said, and is in France.
Evening star., 1945-03-18
Whole Blood Given Gladly
By Personnel in EnuIand

An 9th AAF fighter station in
England received word that the
Army medical services were in vital
need of whole blood for direct trans
fusion to battle casualties.
A particular blood type was need
ed, and specially trained medical
unit headed by First 1t. H. E. Alt
man, 3760 w street NV, journeyed
there to take blood from the veins
of men who had responded imme-
diately and enthusiastically
1t. Altman has been travelling all
over England, collecting whole blood
for the wounded. Every place we
go the response seems to be the
same - clerks, mechanics, radio
men, armorers-officers and enlisted
men alike-they all want to donate
their blood for the boys on the
other side of the Channel"
They come into the hospital in
their working clothes, give blood and
then go right back to work again" :"
1t. Altman said.
Evening star., 1945-03-18
D. {. Flyers 40 Missions
Total 400 Combat Hours

A 7th AAF HEAVY BOMBER
BASE IN THE MARIANAS de
laye0 Tech. Sergt. John P. Breen
of Washington, D. c., has completed
40 combat missions with the 7th
AAF in the Central and Western
Pacific and is awaiting reassign-
ment. He was radio operator and
tail gunner of the Liberator bomber
Liberty Belle.
During his combat tour with the
7th AAF he flew nearly 400 hours
and covered almost $4,000 miles on
overwater flights from the Marianas
to Jap-held bases in the Bonin, VOL
cano and Caroline Islands. He par
ticipated in several attacks on Two
Jima in the Volcanos, $50 miles
from Tokyo, when 7th AAF Lib
orators. Super Fortresses and
Lightning fighters co-ordinated their
attacks with a naval task force.
Sergt. Breen's mother, Mrs. Mary
T. Breen, lives at "a K street,
Washington. He was graduated from
Gonzaga High School in 1910 and
attended George Washington Uni
versity. Before entering the armed
service in February, 1943, he was
employed in the Washington Navy
Yard.
He joined the 7th AAF in April,
1914, and has been awarded the Air
Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters
and the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Evening star., 1945-03-18
7st Marine Division C. Commander
Dedicutes Chapel on Island

Mission, New Britain, during the
muddy jungle fighting there in the
spring of 1943. Once used to sound
air raid alarms when the Japs came
over and later for chow call, the
bells clear call now summons Ma
rines to worship at two Protestant
and two Catholic services each SUM-
day.
The initial work on the chapel
was begun at the suggestion of Col
John H. Griebel, regimental COM
manding officer, of Jacks Point
Oxford, Md, and 1t. Col. John D.
Muncie, executive officer, of Airing
ton, Va.
1t was carried out under the super
vision of Navy Its. Charles Eggert
Catholic chaplain OF st. Paul. Mimi,
and Paul Thomson, Episcopal chap
lain of Newark, N. j.
The first service was celebrated
on Christmas eve, at which time
only half of the roof was complete
and the southern cross shone down
on the midnight mass and Profess
tant services.
In his dedicatory address, Chap
lain Thomson said that the Christ
mas service was the most impressive
sight he had ever seen-hundreds of
veteran Marines worshipping in the
unfinished chapel.
Fifty voices of two choirs sang the
Battle Hymn of the Republic" and
the dedication was ended with bene-
dlction by Father Smigelskis, who
said
God Is pleased, we are, and the
folks back home must be. In this
simple, primitive hut, God is with
us. There is nothing to lose"
Evening star., 1945-03-18
D. {. Veterans Await
Reassignment in Florida

MIAMI BEACH, Fla, Mar. IT,
Among overseas veterans awaiting
reassignment at Army Air Forces
Redistribution Station No. 2 in
Miami Beach are the following resi-
dents of Washington, D. c., and
vicinity:
Capt. Albert Barstis. %. medical supply
aaes ae samRiftratxe 81 RGs. oesr in the Southgest
First 1t; Augustine J. Adomanis rs, B-24
pilot in the European theater,1225 Perry
First 1t Charles W. Ballard, e1, pilot in
7 the European theater, GAL Elliott street
First 1t. Lisle T. Lipscomb, 81. B-2s
street, Chevy Chase. Md
:, First 1t John P. Mako. 2s, B-25 bomba-
dier and mess oficer in the Mediterranean
theater. ~ Highwood place Sc
First 1t Paul A. Plott, 2S, P-47 pilot In
the European theater. 24l4 Thirty-ninth
Second 1t. Arthur p. Trimble, %, BIZ
navigator in the European theater, 671o
Forty sixth street, Chevy Chase
second 1t. Frank E. White, 21, BIZ
pilot in the European theater, 6sO4
meadow lane, Chevy Chase.
rs stan !, sergt Henry A. Luchun, 2s, BIZ
2T25 Connecticut avenue NV
stan Sergt. Ralph B. Smith, 81, B-26
armorer-gunner in the European theater
3So6 Thirty-second street, Mount Rainier,
Corpl. Richard j. Jacksie. e5, aircraft
pacifc theater. 1900 Connecticut avenue
Evening star., 1945-03-18
By SERGT. WALTER WOOD

BY SERGI. WALTER WOOD
OF 424 Pershing Drive Silver Spring, Md
SOMEWHERE IN THE PACIFIC
Delayed Speaking at the dedi.
cation of a regimental chapel, Maj
Gen. Pedro Del Vale of Alexandria
Va, told Leathernecks to dedicate
yourselves to God "'' and go forth
to battle armed with true Christian
faith"
Gen. Del Valle, commanding gen.
eral of the 1st Marine Division, pic.
tured Christ as a brave and self.
sacrificing man.
There are two characteristics oil
Christ with which the best military
men are armed-courage and sac.
rifice," he said.
He showed courage on the cross
as we must show in battle"
HE sacrificed His life for us, and
so must we for Him, our God, and
our country.
when we go forth into battle
from here, you are armed with the
best we can give you and you are
armed, too, with true Christian
faith.
mo matter how hard may seem
your lot. let that faith be with YOU
The chapel in which he spoke is
a coconut-palm log structure. with
a roof Of thatch. built by Christ
tian natives of this island in CO.
operation with the Marines and sit
uated in the pualm grove from which
it was hewn. 1t seats 480 men.
In the wooden steeple hangs bell
which the Marines of Regimental
Weapons Company picked up on the
trail between Talasea and Bitokara
Evening star., 1945-03-18
Pershing Kin Tells Of Fighting;
Twice Wounded in Action
Mourns. Loss of Most
Of old Boys in His
Original Battalion

Sergt. William E. Pershing, 81
year-old paratrooper and I third
cousin of Gen. John j. Pershing,
commander in chief of American
forces in World War I, has by no
means led dull life in the Army
so far.
First off, he's a member of the
101st Air-borne Division and jumped
In the invasion of Holland. He cap
tured lot of Germans. Then he
was wounded on mission to
Germany. After recuperating in a
hospital in Holland he rejoined his
outfit in France. Not long after he
was taken prisoner by the Germans.
He escaped and joined his outfit
in Paris. He fought in the battle of
Bastogne, was wounded again and
was taken to a hospital in France.
He was then transferred to a hos
pital in England and that's where
he Is now.
During this time he won the Sill
yer Star, two Bronze Stars and the
Purple Heart.
Following are excerpts from let
tiers to his wife, Mrs. Betty Roberts
Pershing, 5420 Thirty-first street
NV.
I'm in the hospital again,
this time with shrapnel in my right
leg, near the hip, on the inside. Was
damn lucky. A trio of tanks got me
while we were trying to get them.
fAction was near Bastogne, on
Christmas)
I've got set of nerves that
vlbrate like jelly whenever I hear
loud noise and I can't hear so we'll
out of one ear, but you know how
1t is. sooner or later you get it, and
l hope I'm as lucky the next time.
I'm lucky to be alive. After being
captured and escaping, jumping
twice in combat and then this Bas-
togne deal, I'm afraid my nerve is
gone. Since I've been a platoon
sergeant I've had three platoons
shot out from under me.
Need Nurses Badly.
Sometimes when you're q
prisoner you wish you were dead
but you always hope. I felt hope
less while was prisoner, but the
shock wears of, you begin to think
of ways to escape.
You have the best of care here
Evening star., 1945-03-18

lost his life when STAFF serEt. Bryant.
his plane was shot down over Ger
many May 8, 1914, has been award
ed the Air Medal. The medal was
| presented to his wife, Mrs. Esther
A. Anon, Kansas Hall, Arlington
Farms, Va.
Second 1t. Robert S. Brundage,
Air Force pilot, now a prisoner of
Germany, was also awarded the Air
Medal. The presentation was made
to his wife, Mrs. Marjorie S. Brun-
dage. 5513 Thirteenth place NV.
Other awards of the Air Medal
have been received by the following
men:
1t. Edward Eugene Wood, "a,
U. S. N. r., Bevery Park Apart
ments, Alexandra, formerly COM
manding officer of a carrier-based
torpedo squadron in the Pacific,
now on duty at the Navy Depart
ment.
Capt. Bert J. Lange, B-24 group
staff officer, formerly of Washing
ton, now in Italy.
Second 1t. Erskin H. Hatfield, 20,
bombardier, 3401 N street NV, in
Italy. ..-
Sergt. Mark A. Keefe, Is, tail gun
ner. 1345 Madison street NV, In
Italy. -
1t. Billy P. De Cherniss, Is, navi-
gator, TIA Berry street, Falls Church,
Va, in England.
Sergt. william F. Martin, 18, ball
turret gunner, 1925 Hamlin street
NE, in England.
Corpl. Richard J. Ward, 20, ball
turret gunner, 900 K street NE, in
Italy.
Staff Sergt. Ira James Dobbie, 20,
armorer-gunner, 6S17 Georgia ave-
nue. NV, in Italy.
Second 1t. Robert r. Smith, B-24
pilot, 1922 I street NV, in Italy.
Staff Sergt. Calvin ]. Dimsey. ball
turret gunner, Vienna, Va, in Italy.
Sergt. Francis M. Sharkey, radio
operator, 1896 Meridian place NV,
in India. FL
1t. John v. r. Colosimo, 1901 Mas
sachusetts avenue NV, former
member OF the BLACK Cat" squad
ron, now on duty at the Naval Air
Station here, received the Presi-
dental Unit Citation.
1t. Robert S. Van Benschoten, U.
S. N. r., Riverdale, Md, now sta
toned at the Naval Air Station, was
also presented with the Presidential
Unit Citation as member of bomb
ing squadron in the South Pacific.
The Distinguished Unit Citation
ribbon has been awarded to Mai.
Irving p. Mendelsohn, 308 Farragut
street NV, executive officer of a
P-51 Mustang tactical reconnais-
sance squadron, and Serst. Robert
A. Keefe, l015 N street NV, first
sergeant Of q Mustang squadron,
both in France.
Pfc. Clifford J. Clyburn, sac e
Evening star., 1945-03-18
DC. Attorneys Son Is Aide
To Gen. Smith at Two

Capt. Mac Asbill, jr,, %, is men,
toned in recent Associated Press re-
ports from Two Jima as aide to 1t.
Gen. Holland Smith, commanding
general of the Fleet Marine Force,
which has taught Marines and SOL
diers lot of what they know about
amphlbious warfare.
Capt. Asbill is the son of Mac As
bill, Washington attorney with
Cummings & Stanley, who lives at
5000 Cathedral avenue NV.
Capt. Asbill graduated from
Princeton at 20 in 1912, an honor
student, Phi Beta Kappa and cum
laude. He prepared at st. Adams
School.
He was assigned to Gen. Smiths
staff directly upon graduation from
the officers school at Quantico and
has been with him at Kiska, Tarawa,
Saipan and Two.
He came here from Atlanta with
his parents in 1884 when his father
was appointed special assistant by
Attorney General Homer Cummings,
with whom he is still associated.
Capt. Asbill married Jane Win
chester of Wilmington, Del. They
have son, Richard McKendrie AS
bill
Evening star., 1945-03-18

but they are very pressed for nurses
One nurse has 80 patients and works
from IL to 16 hours a day seven
days a week. 's*
There were six of my old buddies
in the company left with me when
We went into Bastogne Now two OF
them are dead, one missing, two lost
limb, one went crazy and I got
nicked in the leg. We were the last
of the old boys They sent me a
first lieutenant for a platoon leader
one who had never been in before
He got two of the boys knocked of
the third day he was with us. I got
along okay in Holland without an
officer at all.
Unframed Men Killed.
The day I got hit there were
three men left in the platoon. We
had 81 raw men in the platoon al
the start and they were all gone
inside of week. You know how il
is, being the last one"
A few days ago Sergt. Pershing'.
wife received post card from Hol-
land. 1t was from a Dutch boy
named Peter who said that "Wil.
helm Pershing was here in the lat.
ter part of September (after we wert
free) and we made friends with him
He stayed here for a few days aftel
our liberation and then left sud
denly. We didn't hear from hin
and his friends" Peter, his brother
and sister-in-law sent their greet.
ings and asked for news, good news
of their American friend. The let
ter was date marked January 81.
Evening star., 1945-03-18

Harbor attack came. Although this
group was broken up when it's sur
viving members were returned to
this country, it is still probably the
most decorated group in the entire
AAF, with a total of approximately
20 Distinguished Service Crosses,
430 Silver Stars, 245 Distinguished
Flying Crosses, 165 Purple Hearts,
900 American Defense Medals, 28S
Good Conduct Medals and five unit
citations.
After the Japs devastated Clark
Field, Lawson's unit, what was left
of it, transferred to the Bataan
Peninsula and continued to fight
back. The Japs were still closing in,
so they went to another small island
by boat and, with the few planes
that we're left there, flew to the
Dutch East Indies, Borneo and
finally Australia. There they Or
ganized again and resumed fighting
the Japs.
Evening star., 1945-03-18

street NV, was awarded the Com
bat 1nfantryman Badge for salts
factory performance of duty in
ground combat against the enemy
in France.
Staff Sergt. Robert p. Isbell, 1922
Fifth street NV, mechanic with a
Marauder bomb group in France
was awarded the War Department
unit citation.
Pfc. Herbert J. Larkin, 1927 Nine
teenth street NV, is a member ot
the Sd Divisions Sd Medical Bat
talon, which was recently awarded
the Meritorious Service Unit Plaque
for superior, performance of duty
at Anzio and Rome.
Pfc. Norman G. CLANCY, It'll Fort
Davis street Sc, was awarded the
Certificate of Merit for driving 49,
600 miles with the United States
Evening star., 1945-03-18
Three More Win Dies:
Scores Of Others Win
Citations for VaIor

Three Washington men who re-
ceived the Distinguished Flying
Gross are among scores of newly
made heroes named in recent cita-
tions- Two local men won the Sol
dierI Medal, four received special
concentrations and Is won Bronze
Stars.
Capt. Edward P. Foote, Marauder
pilot, 1912 Twenty-second street
NV, won his DFC in France for
leading flight of bombers against
Slegfried line defenses near Metz.
Staff Sergt. Charles F. Clark. nose
turret gunner, 101 Franklin avenue.
Silver Spring, Md, received the Fly
Ing Cross in England.
First 1t. Louis ]. Wimsatt, B-24
pilot, S12 Van Buren street NV.
received his DFC In England.
Two men received the Soldiers
Medal:
Maj. Alfred r. Boyd, 80, command
Ing officer of an airdrome squadron