davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21
.[[[[l[[\l
AVIATION PROGRAM
BEING WORKED OUT

TALLAHASSEE. Fla. With
TIE ticN of iasurng that FLORIDA
gets hs1 share al thC proposed
So 0o0n federal funds for alr
lult improvements. Governor
Caldwell has asked the Flullda
improvement Commission o. con
sad iho employment of somconc
trained in aviation o. assist 81
working oui a stat, aviation pro
gram
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21

ACUTE SHORTAGE
OF GAS PREDICTED

WASHINGTON. Sept Al
There Is likely 10 be an acute
shortsss IN gasoline. Il was
stated here today. because 81
strikes a. various Fsfineries
IN this country.
Some FefineFies have re-
dussd their capacity 70 enc
half. and at . lev producfion
has been practically stopped.
a. . refinery an Cleveland.
closed today. q record Of
continuous services Tor IS
years wss broken. Il was
established 81 that time By
the late John D. R0cksfeller
end he'd been In daily opera
ton ever since.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21
NO POLITICAL AIMS
FOR GEN. M ARTHUR
SAYS HE'S JUST A SOLDIER
AFD WILL RI THE
As SUCH

TOKYO ~ep. d -t,rH-
,raI Ma. Arthur 80 q u,.-
luuiefru,. tudtk todd ,nr-
respondents that be- ha- uu
political ambition What
ever
Desires pfivato Life
%. 5000 t .a. I.HH -.I.
ra ..l.. ... F..|. l .
e. ..t atrI#.u. no .a"..
.i t t.tD. a. .t B. ....4.
s. H..tHt t.uafu. . A.an
f"... ua r.. #.. .H ...tuu IS.
t..t fsss. Ht mi.nae 81. .tl..s o.
.... ..t
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21
WILSON SURPRISED
AT OPPOSITION ON
BUILDING PROJECT
" DENIED RIGHT TO PUT UP
STRUCTURE HERE HE WILL
sTART OPERATIONS ON
KEYS. HE DECLARES

T.. 7 Wilson. proprietor Of
the Boat restaurant on Duval
street. who informed The
Citizen two weeks ago that
he was ready to post S25. 600
a. a guarantee that ne would
construct a bOathouse and
finger pieTs in the Garrison
Blight. spoke about the mat
ter yesterday At the lunch
con at the key West Rotary
Club and expressed surprise
over the Chamber ct Com
merve opposing the proposal.
80 far a. rs being uudertak-
en by an individual Is con-
perned
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21

tie luld thr Rutalans Il hc IS
uoi PERMITTED O. construct thu
piers and hua'hauss along the
nrrth shu, oi thD Bulses , 10
backward. hC aiii buuld them 90
suul, either poIul atoms Ga, keys.
a. WIsua told To. CrIren.
shen De- explained hi. plan that.
.houId ths undertaking prov, g.
D. sctsefli b, u',ndrd o.
.lsnd s7afmu oI uue. ud that.
vi e utI uut tu bg ia.uf,.
tH,n ht Vuld lasr ihe s150lu BE-
SO. NllHu. 90 eua aris o. u,nd
"a alsa >luh ahHut hi. great
iaIfh lu tac FLORIDA kets. bat in-
sisted That 10 Ko We Nas de-
iCrmnod O. suCCccd as q tourist
center thee kcy W,sfs.- should
90 an in thar power Co. pros ode
aftfaCtlons fnr tpul.te. and ~
ualuiaiugd that q bHsthuusc and
finger piers acre foremost among
t8uaU attractions.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21
MIDGET BAR

49, trtsmats ttttts fasrfu
SIMONTON and GREENE Sis
stsssn tfssss - zee mGttNtf.asf
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-09-21

bmssh Wmp~rt.' uttu
AOOA uWuuuoN
Evening star., 1945-09-19

From the Miami (Fla) Daily News
The 453 afraid sirens which the City
of New York is putting up for sale are
enough to pique the interest of any ex-
boy who has longed to blow just one just
once. After all, there are not many
hings so much worth the doing that
ohey have always claimed q lads idola-
try, and driving a locomotive engine,
riding bareback and blowing a siren
are high on any list.
To be the possessor of one of these
noblest Of instruments would be like
sailing the Spanish Main with Capt.
Kidd. To own an array of, say, a dozen
OF them, and sound them OF in a whole
sale din whenever the spirit moved,
would be, in Edward Fitzgerald's fine
phrase, paradise enow. But to have all
453, and make the welkin truly tin
tinnabulate-the imagination staggers at
the prospect.
II we were king, we would give these
45S sirens to 45S boys, together with 453
bona-fide desert islands to blow them on.
But the world Of business being what it
is. they will all probably 20 to people
VINO could own them from now on and
not even give q toot,
Evening star., 1945-09-19
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The meeting of foreign ministers in
London is a peace conference. What is
decided there will be later formally en-
bodied In treaties. On its wisdom our
lives and those of our children will
depend. Yet my impression from read
ing the by no means enlightening re-
ports is that we have retrograded
morally and intellectually from Ver-
sailles
At Versailles a fairly sincere attempt
was made to refer questions to prin-
ciples. Wilson'S right OF self -determi
nation" and the ethnographic principle
that changes in frontiers should coincide
with the distribution of long indigenous
populations.
But the reports from London show
we are now engaged in "realpolitik," :"
which refers all decisions only to the
sacred egotism" of the victors or the
necessity of compromises between them.
Not a principle Is visible anywhere
The Polish frontier in the east was
drawn by fait accompli Of the Soviets
and ratified later by the other Allies
To part OF it the ethnographical prin-
ciple was applied, in other parts 1t could
not possibly be invoked. When how
ever, IL Cdme 10 tNe western 1rOnLlerS
no ethnographical principle could pos
sibly be applied to justify the changes
proposed
After the last war the Italian frontier
was set at the watershed of the Alps,
the obvious Italian geographical frontier,
and the object of Italian strivings since
the days Of Mazzini and Garibaldi
Even Hitler recognized its validity, long
before the Italian German military al
lance. The Soviets now want the Alto
Adige, or Southern Tyrol Rewarded to
Austria, invoking the ethnographicai
principle elsewhere cynically violated
The German-speaking population is
small. having never been more than a
quarter million: its grievances arose
under the Fascist regime and its early
Evening star., 1945-09-19
The Macarthur BOmbshell
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

Possibly General of the Army MacAr-
thur is factually correct in predicting
that unless unforeseen factors arise"
the army of occupation in Japan car
be reduced to 100000 regular troops Il
six months. But it does seem an unfor-
tunate time to make such a public
statement. for the good and sufficient
reason that unforeseen factors may yer,
well arise; that their appearance mus
be provided against; and that the issu-
ing Of such statement by so eminent
an authority at this moment may max
1t impossible to make prudent provisio,
against the unforeseen. j..
1t requires no gift Of prophecy
foresee that MacArthur's words will re
civilian and military superiors In thei
attempts to work out a sound militar.
policy in just balance with the foreigl
policy and overseas commitments OF
the United States. The State Depart
ment has already given utterance to its
surprise and anxiety. What view the
War Department will take of the
Macarthur statement remains to be dis
closed.
1t Is easy enough to see why, from
the point Of view Of Gen. MacArthur's
headquarters, the statement was issued.
There has been a great deal of criticism
of the occupation policy being carried
out in Japan. Some of that criticism,
in this writer's opinion, was well
founded. Some of it. OF course, was
overdone. But it seems to have irked
the general, or at least 1t seems to
have irked his very active public rela-
tions staff. Hence we are told that
everything is going according to plan,
that the Japanese are cooperating,
and just look at the results, folks
you'll get all the boys home in six
months, with only 100000 regulars left
to garrison Japan-that is, of course, if
those unforeseen factors do not arise
to plague us. So back in Washington.
where the President and the War De-
partment are trying to get Congress to
go along with plans which will leave
the country with SUFFICIENT military
strength to deal with any unforeseen
factors" that may show up, bombshell
has been exploded underneath these
prudent designs.
All of which Is just one more example
to prove the overpowering need not only
for having policy, an overall, clearly
formulated policy, but Of seeing to it
that every one knows what the policy
Is. Secretary OF State Byrnes has re-
peatedly urged the need for the CO.
ordination Of policy between the State,
War and Navy Departments.
Evening star., 1945-09-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

The "whisperers" who said we could
never know what might happen In Eu-
rope in the next few years and that
we might again be called on to employ
force there were discredited some time
ago. In order to wage another major
campaign on the continent We would
need a force Of at least 1000, 900 men,
plus substantial aviation. The 100000
troops earmarked at present for
lengthy stay in Europe are too few to
fight real war and too many to keep
out of trouble, should some real trouble
break out in the near future.
The rapidity with which acting Sec
retary Of State Dean Acheson reacted
to Gen. MacArthurs statement Is
clear indication that the Allied supreme
commander had touched on sore spot,
possibly inadvertently.
Il ~
The joint chiefs of staff who have
the overall supervision of all theaters
of operation until an actual peace has
been signed would have been the logical
authority to ask Gen. Macarthur for
explanations for his statement. The
disposition of forces in theater of war
or former theater of war has nothing
to do with the State Department. 1t
is matter between the supreme COM
mand in Washington-the joint chiefs
of staff-and the local theater COM
marder, who is responsible solely to
that organization.
Whether Gen. Macarthur informed
his superiors before he made his an
nouncement is not known at this time.
But it Is certain he did not have to tell
the. State Department what forces he
would need to police the area placed
under his authority.
The State Department Is being con-
suited through the joint chiefs of staff
or directly in regard to actual policies
when they are within It's province. But
1t should have no voice concerning mill
tary operations or concerning force
needed to police a conquered territory.
What apparently has irked the civilian
authorities in Washington is the fact
that while this country has day o-day
policy in Europe, which has had to be
adjusted in conformity to what our
other Allies were doing, definite policy
is being followed by the supreme COM
mander in Japan without interference
After he landed sizable force, Gen.
Macarthur took off the kid gloves and
since has acted as master of the Japa-
nese people. His intelligence service
has been quick to gather information
about the Japs' frame of mind and his
decision to keep not more than 200 900
men in that country of 100000 is the
result of careful investigation Of the
overall situation in Japan.
Evening star., 1945-09-19

persecution of the minority. Economi-
cally Southern Tyrol is useless to Aus
tria, except for tourist trade-if one
ever revives. But it is most important
source OF Italys only great natural
resource-water power for her electri-
fication projects.
Now comes the proposition that all
Italian colonies should be taken away
and put under 'UNO trusteeship"-
before trusteeship has been defined and
before, indeed, there is such a thing
as real world organization.
Trusteeship, reported from London on
September IS as having American sup
port-described by Herbert L. Matthews
of the New York Times as stunning
surprise"-would put the Soviet Union
in the Mediterranean and Africa.
Italy has today one of the most demo-
cratic and broadly representative pro-
visional governments of any European
country, headed by Ferruccio Parri 1t
is important for democratic stability
in Europe that it hold. But, if it has
to sponsor the peace being proposed. it
will not hold. Italy will again swing to
revolutionary extremes.
Italy, country about the size of
California, contains nearly $4,000 900
people; is poor in every natural re-
source; Is confined within her borders
by immigration restrictions put up in
all underpopulated countries, and can
only escape falling to permanent sub
standard living conditions if integrated
in larger economic complex
But the creation of widened Europe
is being Systematically prevented by
proposals that will inevitably create
permanent feuds between all European
states.
No American statesman gives the
American people any reason for all this
We apparently are in an age when
statesmen do not consider that they
need to give reasons for their acts. But
that is serious matter for democracy
Evening star., 1945-09-19

In other words, there must be ma
tional policy, with interlocking and ad-
justed parts working in harmony But
here is no adequate machinery for in
juring this unity of purpose and effort
This writer and others have urged again
and again that there should be foreign
policy committee, or a national security
committee-cau it what you like-pre-
tided over by the President, and includ-
ing the Secretaries of State, War and
Navy, with a representative of the
oint Chiefs of Staff and representatives
If both houses of Congress; that this
ommittee should meet daily or as
permanent secretariat, that deputies
hould be appointed to attend meeting
hen their chiefs cannot be presen
md that by this means there shoul;
e continuous discussion and formula
ton of policy and an all-round under
standing OF what the policy is.
Then If the policy is upset by such an
utterance as that Of Gen. Macarthur,
the responsibility can be clearly traced
and dealt with. AS it Is, policy Is being
forced upon the Government by series
Of incidents, and general with such
publicity value as Macarthur can him
self make policy simply by issuing
statement.
There is, Of course, a vast national
urge to relax. We want to think that
the war is over, and that victory will
entail no painful responsibilities. We
would like, for example, to believe that
we can enlist 100000 regular troops and
get them to Japan in six months and
thereby relieve from duty all the drafted
men now in the army of occupation.
We would like to be sure that no "un-
foreseen factors" will arise to make this
impossible. But we do not know that
this will be SO, we do not even know that
we can get and train 200, 900 volunteers
and ship them to Japan in six months
in fact, this writer for one doubts very
seriously that We can do so.
Meanwhile, however, either we must
abandon in great part our foreign COM
mitments and obligations, with the re-
suit that doubts as to our future de-
pendability will begin to arise in the
minds of our associates and thus the
very foundations Of the United Nations
organization will begin to crumble; or
else we must give our Government the
necessary powers and forces with which
to meet the foreseeable needs Of this
extremely uncertain postwar period,
plus the vitality essential reserve against
the unforeseen factors which are almost
certain to confront VI.
tcopyright 1e45)
Evening star., 1945-09-19
Republican for the Court

The political writer's have been
going over the country lately with a
spyglass in an effort to locate some
Republican, acceptable to the Dem
ocrats, whom the President might
appoint to the United States
Supreme Court. They roamed far
and wide on their typewriters,
occasionally digging some Republi-
can out of moth balls and exhibiting
him triumphantly if momentarily as
possible candidate for the job.
But most of them seem to have
overlooked. right under their noses
here in Washington, one of the
most available Republicans of them
all For Senator Harold H. Burton
has been an Ohio Republican
Senator whose record has won uni
Tersal respect, not merely for his
progressive attitude toward domestic
questions but because of his unfail-
ing support of the war and peace
policies which were championed by
the administration. He brought to
his duties as Senator a scholarly
dignity and show of sincerity
which increased his stature in the
Senate as his service heightened.
He represents fine type of Amer
ican. A New Englander by birth,
teacher, successful lawyer, he found
his way into politics by the route of
voluntary assumption of civic re-
sponsibility. In the depression he
made himself an outstanding Mayor
of Cleveland by his humanitarian
and efficient administration Of a
city hard hit by wide-scale unem-
ployment. Here In Washington 1t was
characteristic of him that he re-
garded his assignment to the District
Evening star., 1945-09-19

Gen. MacArthur's statement that he
will not need more than 10000 Amer
ican soldiers to continue the policing of
Japan came like a minor atomic ex-
plosion to Washington officials who be-
lieve large postwar military force and
retention of large numbers of men In
Europe are necessary.
Before We day 1t was conservatively
estimated that about 900 900 American
soldiers would have to be kept in
Europe for a period OF between and
10 years. This estimate was later re-
duced to an ultimate minimum of 400
900. These soldiers were expected to
garrison and police only Germany. since
1t was agreed Italy would be evacuated
as soon as peace treaty was signed.
Germany, which today has popula-
ton of not more than IS ,0OO, 900, is di-
vided into four zones. The southern
area Of the Reich has been assigned
to the United States for control and de-
notification. Before the war this area
had total population of 13,600, 900. A
500, 900 persons less.
Japan proper has a population Of
about 100000. Yet, Gen. Macarthur,
UohhiS ihto dtiOIl JllC pIOSTeSS
OF the pacif1cation of that country and
various other problems which he will
have to handle in the next few years,
announces he needs half the strength
said to be required to control a section
OF Germany which has a population
only one-fifth as large.
Gen. MacArthur,s announcement has
caused sensation among the Wash
lngton policy trainers because it brings
political rather than military angles to
the fore. There has been strong be-
lief among many political observers
that the large force supposedly needed
for Germany was actually required for
all types Of interventions by force in
Europe-possibly in Keeping with some
OF the provisions of the San Francisco
Charter.
There have been no disturbances in
the American and the British zones of
occupation In Europe The American
soldiers have seldom been called to In
tervene in any disputes to re-establish
order. The Germans in these areas are
reported cowed to such an extent that
corporals guard could keep order in
district inhabited by tens of thou
sands OF Germans.
The American troops in Germany now
are actually wasting time, since, unlike
Russia, this country does not intend to
keep any portions Of the former Reich.
The Yanks have to be given chores,
sometimes distasteful, to keep them
busy.
Evening star., 1945-09-19
Letters to The Star
Calls for Faith and Patience
to Win the Peace
To the Editor Of The star:

To the Editor OF The star:
Now that the war has been won, the
American people are impressed with the
seriousness of winning the peace. In
order to do so, 1t would appear necessary
for us to exhibit a front of solidarity,
as We did while winning the war.
However, many newspapers and radio
commentators are doing everything they
can to agitate and alarm the people.
One minute they are praising returning
heroes and the next minute they are
condemning the officials of the War and
Navy Departments. One widely known
commentator has gone to the extreme
of condemning all generals because he
says they are interested only in one
thing, and that is keeping their jobs at
the expense of the servicemen. These
generals, who have risked their lives and
who have brought victory to our country
and to the world, are now being con-
demned numerically.
Is this the kind of spirit that will win
the peace for our country? Yes, the
shooting has stopped, but what is the
real condition of the world? Who
knows what Is going to happen in
China? Who knows what is going to
happen in Europe with not one stable
government being set up in any of the
rescued or defeated countries? And
what about Russia? After saving Rus
sia from defeat, we are not even allowed
TO send our newspapermen into some
OF the defeated countries.
How long will 1t take before these
troublesome questions are settled? viii
1t take months or years? We are told
that starvation threatens all of Europe
during the coming winter. Who knows
what this will lead to? The President.
his cabinet officers and their assistants
are working on these problems and must
act on the confidential information re-
celved by them, to the best interest of
all the people.
We all want our boys and girls TO re-
turn home at the earliest possible mo-
ment. Let us have confidence that our
President and his assistants will get
them back as soon as 1t is safely possible.
Let us keep up the same morale we had
during the war and show the same CO.
operation, and We will win the peace.
Let us not be impatient. This war lasted
nVe years and cost millions OF lives and
hundreds of billions OF dollars. II
smearing OF our heroic men, distrust
and cross-purposes are allowed to get
the upperhand, all our sacrifices NAV
have been made In vain
JOHN F. HILLYARD.
Evening star., 1945-09-19
The Labor Department

The Labor Department reorgani-
cation announced by President Tru-
man is not so sweeping as the one
repeatedly advocated by Secretary
Schwellenbach, but it constitutes a
promising forward step toward
greater efficiency and better execu-
tive direction in field of paramount
Importance to our postwar economy
AS an emergency unit designed to
direct the flow of workers to critical
industries, the War Manpower Com
mission has outlived it's usefulness
and its remaining functions can be
readily absorbed Similarly, since it
has to do with job placement, the
United States Employment Service
falls logically within Secretary
Schwellenbach's province. More i'm
portant than either of these changes,
however, is the decision to have the
Secretary take over the War Labor
Board, which has had such an en-
battled career during the past few
years. Since the surrender of Japan
1t has taken no new cases and there
has been resulting confusion and
uncertainty as to which Government
agency should act in current dis
putes. The reorganization clears up
that point: Action is up to the de-
partment.
The VINO, the USES and the WLB
are the only agencies affected at
this time, but the President declares
that all labor activities eventually
will be centralized in the Labor De-
partment. Apparently such an
agency as the National Labor Rela-
tions Board, established as a sepa-
rate administrative body by .spe-
clal act Of Congress, will continue to
junction as before. There are some
who believe that quasi judicial or
gans of this kind ought not to be
made branches of department, and
Mr.. SchWellenbach himself has in
dicated he would not want to run
the National Mediation Board, but
the President seems to have NLRB
In mind when he speaks of further
Capitalization. In any case, wholly
apart from NLRB, there are other
units not now in the department
which may be absorbed later for the
sake of efficiency.
1t is worth emphasizing, however,
that no matter how efficient the
Labor Department may become
through reorganization, that eff
cheney will not of itself have a magi-
cal effect on labor relations. Thus,
IN the current situation, which
darkens the whole reconversion pic
ture, something more is needed than
smoothly functioning Federal
agency. More is needed, too, than
legislative action to prevent things
like Jurisdictional strikes or to re-
quire periodic financial statements
by unions.
what is needed above everything
else at this juncture is a reasonable
falr-mlnded and cooperative spirit
on the part of both parties to any dis
pute-a spirit that never loses sight
OF the national interest. If we could
have that-and the forthcoming la
bor-management conference should
serve to promote it-there would be
little reason to worry about the or
derly development of our postwar
economy