davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
Forming of Axis
Was First Phase
Of Long Struggle

Hitler made his first move in the
long chain of events that was to
lead to World War II in 1886, after
he had secretly built up a German
army and had rearmed the country
in direct violation of the Versailles
treaty.
In March, 1886, Hitler ordered the
first of his housekeeping legions
into the Rhineland, cutting France
off from her eastern allies and set
ting up barrier that could not be
circumvented by anything short of
total war-which he knew France
was not ready to declare.
Then in October, 1886, Hitler and
Mussolini formed the Rome-B Berlin
pact, giving both fascist nations the
agreements they needed to bully the
world. Mussolini had already taken
Ethiopia and had defied the British
navy to try to enforce sanctions
against him-the only threat which
the democratic nations of the world
were able to make.
In March, 1888, Hitler grabbed
Austria and he now found himself
with perfect gateway to Czecho-
slovakia, where the only real threat
in arms was to be found in the we'll
equipped Czech army.
Munich Agreement.
But even that army found itself
hemmed in on three sides and Hit
Ter and Mussolini were ready to die
tate the terms to Czechoslovakia and
Daladier at Munich-where Great
Britain and France agreed to the
surrender of the Sudetenland and
with it all of Czechoslovakia' indus
trial areas and armed power.
While all this had been going on
in central Europe, Spain had been
fighting a bitter civil war that was
the testing ground for many of the
German and Italian armies plans
for "blitzkrieg," the lightning war
that was to sweep Europe. Spain
found itself in the Fascist camp,
and the Allies found that the Medi-
terranean had suddenly become an
Axis lake" with the British fleet
still defed by Italy.
In the United States, wordy civil
war was being fought on the threat
of being drawn into the maelstrom
that was developing across the At
lantic. This country was not yet
sure that it could stay out of war,
but there was a decided sentiment
that this time the Yanks aren't
coming" and a good percentage of
the population believed that we
should stay out Of the fight.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
Big Three at Yalta
Start World Peace
Organization Plans

The meeting of the Big Three at
Yalta in the Crimea from February
to February IL, 1915, marked a
significant step toward future world
peace. While Roosevelt, Stain and
Churchill, accompanied by their
chiefs of staff, foreign secretaries
and other advisers realistically
agreed on plans for the final defeat
of Nazi Germany, they blueprinted
plans for the meeting at San Fran
cisco, April April 25, where representa-
tives of all the United Nations had
as their program the creation of an
organization to promote world secu-
rity and end aggression.
President Roosevelt, who made a
14,000-mile trip by cruiser and air
from Washington to the Crimea, was
quick to report to congress on the
meeting when he returned to Wash
ington on February 28. Seeking to
avoid the opposition to a world peace
organization which had defeated
Woodrow Wilson's plans for q
League of Nations following World
War /, President Roosevelt sought
support from Republicans as well as
Democrats. As move toward max
ing the peace question a nonpartisan
measure, he appointed two Republi-
cans-Senator Vandenberg of Michi-
gan and Commander Harold Stas-
sen, U.S.NR., former governor of
Minnesota-as American representa-
tives at the San Francisco meeting.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
Victory Ends
Long Rule by
Military Might
Combined Strength of United
Nations Drives Naziism
To Defeat.

Victory for the Allies in
Europe - the most anxiously
awaited event in modern his
tory-means the liberation of a
continent which has been under
the domination of military might
ever since the German blitz
rolled into Poland in the fall of
1889.
Starting with Hitler's blood
less conquests of trusting neigh
bors, the threat which has hung
over the world has finally been
dissipated by an overwhelming
superiority of the Allies in men,
materials, air power, sea power
and the overwhelming desire of
free peoples to rid the world of
the tyranny which has "blacked
out the lights of Europe"
The Allied victory and the capitu-
lation of Germany has once more re
stored freedom to Europe. Victory
is sweet after the period of despotism
which has prevailed but, as in 1918,
the world must appreciate that VIC
tory is one of arms alone so far
and must be followed by peace
that will ensure the world against
anything like the rise of National
Socialism again.
June Invasion Started 1t.
Today the Allies have beaten Ger
many to her knees, something that
was beyond the comprehension of
most of the world little less than a
year ago. The invasion of Europe
started it in June, 1944,' and the
quick success in France and the
drive to the heart of the reich itself
blasted the theory of a European
fortress" that Hitler said was i'm
pregnable.
Battle-hardened veterans of Brit
ain who stopped Rommel in Egypt,
the husky young Yanks in their SUI
perb equipment, Frenchmen fight
ing to win back their homeland, the
bitter Poles who remembered how
they tried to fight the Wehrmacht
with nothing but rifes-all these are
responsible for the downfall of what
was supposed to be an 'invincible"
army.
And hammering away on the other
side of Germany were the Russians,
who took the best the Germans could
strike them with, and then came
back to drive the hated Hun out of
Russia and beat him back until
there was no retreat and there finish
off Germany as a military power.
The victory in Europe is won but
what years of suffering that cont
nent has seen since the day that
Adolf Hitler first became chancellor
Of Germany in January. 1888.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
atlantic Charter
Set Allied Coal
For Better World

Establishment of democratic gov
eminent, promotion of world pros
perity through free access to trade
and raw materials, and disarma-
ment of aggreSsor nations to main
tain peace-these U. S. and British
ambitions for a better world were
officially expressed in the historic
Atlantic Charter drawn up by Pres
ident Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill early in August, 1941, on
the high seas off the North Amer
lean coast.
In their declaration OF principles,
the two leaders avowed their coun-
tries disinterest in territorial ag-
graRdizement, and also pledged to
work with smaller nations in the
Recitation of their broad detectives.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
DISCHARGE PAY

DISCHARGE PAY
Legislation under which every
member of the armed forces would
receive a years pay on his dis
charge has been introduced in Con-
gress by Senator Guffey, Pennsyl-
vania Democrat.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
Aid for Russians
Was Big Topic in
Casablanca Talks

With high military and diplomatic
chieftains in attendance President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill met at Casablanca, Janu-
airy IA, 1913, for ten-day confer
ence at which plans were laid for
operations against the Axis in Eu-
rope and increased aid to Russia.
Although the conferees looked
to the invasion of France, the
immediate military significance
of the meeting lay in the rapid
conquest of the Mediterranean
area and the subsequent cam
paign in the Italian theater. Dip
lomatic significance lay in
Italy's unconditional surrender
and the unification of the Free
French and French North Az
rican forces.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10
DUCKS ARE USED TO
TRANSPORT WORKERS

Army ducks, which are being
used to transport troops across riv-
ers in Germany, have been put to a
new use in the United States. Re
Gently when floods and high waters
prevented workers from reporting
for duty at an ordnance plant at
Louisville, KY, number of ducks
were placed in service and as
result work on production of need
ed shells was not delayed.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10

1t is important, that when
you receive your subscription
expiration card that you mo-
tify us at once about renewal
or cancellation. Thanks.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-05-10

RUSSIA GETS u. S. MEAT
Under an agreement with Russia,
the United States ships 300,00O,000
pounds of meat to the Soviets every
three months.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

WANTED-Men and women clerks
and yard clerks. Immediate en-
plOyment in El Centre. Apply H.
D. Blair, Southern Pacific agent
5-3n
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE-Nice bedroom stucco
on Len Rey. Hardwood floors,
Venetians, elec. water heater;
garage, nice fenced rear yard.
Either furn. or unfurn.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
5-28
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE by owner. completely
furn. house. Elec. refrigerator,
, elec. stove. Venetian blinds, nice
fenced back yard. Southwest part
of city. Call at 904 So. 5th. $50
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

JANITOR WANTED-Apply Post
Press office, 625 State. 5-29
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

or unfurnished Z
room modern house for SALE Elec-
trically equipped. Hardwood floors,
tile bath. fireplace; yard land
scaped; south side Shown by
appointment only Phone 1739-W.
5-28
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR iSALE-Nursery, house. lath
house, equipment, tools. $500. 831
Main. 5-29
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

2 BEDROOM house, furnished, for
sale-s3500 $500 cash. Write Box
628, co Post Press. 5-29
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

WANTED-Truck driver for diesel
truck and trailer. Good PROPOSE
ton Phone Calexico 497. 5-29
FAMILY WASHING done. 1719 San
Diego Hlway. 5-29
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE-Furnished IL bedroom
house. Lobby, wide Railways. 8
bathrooms; living room. fireplace;
dining room; kitchen and service
porch-$9, $500. 643 Olive. 6-2
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27
tor Sole

FOR SALE-115 gal. butane tank
and regulator, heating stove, hot
water heater and blower cooler
SIS w. 9Th, Imperial.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

fOh DALE Dy OWIltT - 0cSI dUlC
home, 2 bed rooms, den, tile bath.
living room, dining room, kitchen
with new tile sink, breakfast room.
all hardwood floors, fireplace that
works, cooled throughout with
two large blower coolers; recently
re-decorated, best residential COR
ner, 100 fit. frontage by 160 deep;
large garage, chicken pens, veget-
able garden, lots of large shade
trees, ornamental shrubs, vines,
and rose garden A bargain for
some family wanting nice home.
Phone 434; 3C0 Rosemont ST., Cal
exico, Calf. 6-1
FOR SALE BY OWNER-In Calex-
ico's new residential section, ex-
cellent neighborhood, ideal 3-bed-
room home rs foot lot, landscap-
ing, fenced yard. Exterior OF
house newly painted. Double sink,
new electric water heater, 112
bath, brand new blower type cool
er operating through duct system
thru all the rooms. Must be seen
to be appreciated. Immediate pos
session possible. May be seen any,
time. 434 Ethel ST., Calexico. $50
FOR SALE-2 bedroom house south
side Nice hardwood floors in 8
rooms. Walls and ceiling decorated
Celotex over plaster. Nice kitchen.
Electric water heater. Good buy
for $4,000.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
5-29
FOR SALE-Large corner 9th and
Brighton, 120 140 ft. An ideal
location for a large court or Apt.
houses. Make your postwar plans
now.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
$50
FOR SALE-Furnished II bedroom
house. Lobby, wide Railways. 8
bathrooms; living room. fireplace;
dining room; kitchen and service
porch-$9, 500. 643 Olive. 6-2
FOR lSALE-Nursery, house, lath
house, equipment, tools. $500. 831
Main. 5-29
FOR SALE-Nice bedroom stucco
on Len Rey. Hardwood floors,
Venetians, elec. water heater;
garage, nice fenced rear yard.
Either furn. or unfurn.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
5-28
FURNISHED or unfurnished Z
room modern house for SALE Elec-
trically equipped Hardwood floors,
tile bath. fireplace; yard land
scaped; south side Shown by
appointment only. Phone 1739-W
5-28
FOR SALE by owner, completely
furn. house. Elec. refrigerator,
elec. stove Venetian blinds, nice
fenced back yard. Southwest part
of city. Call at 904 So. 5th. $50
BEDROOM house, furnished, for
sale-$3500 $500 cash. Write Box
628, CO Post Press. 5-29
FURNISHED HOUSE for sale. In
cludes elec. range. water heater
and cooler. Apply 8l8 Holt. 5-28
20-Wanted -Reul Estute
2 PIECE davenport set in good
condition. Phi. Holtville 3733-W2
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE-Large corner 9Th and
Brighton, 120 140 #. An ideal
location for a large court or Apt.
houses. Make your postwar plans
now.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
$50
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27
l2-Wonted to Rent
l8-Country Property-Sule

l8-Country Property-Sule
WANT A MOUNTAIN RANCH? 294
acres, several hundred live oak
trees. Running creek, 80 acres
could be cultivated successfully:
160 acres fenced. Good house, fine
well-plenty of water. $500 down,
balance $50 a month. Come look
see. Write for engagement w. p.
CAPEHART, Box 1913, Jacumba,
Calf.
PERSONALLY OWNED Seventeen
lots going" in Jacumba Subdivi-
sion. Buy now, build later. All
houses that were for sale have
been acquired by new owners
except two. w. P. CAPEHART,
Box 1913, Jacumba. 5-28
LOVELY 8 BEDROOM suburban
home for sale Modern. Fireplace.
Spacious rooms. 2 acres of land.
Nice shade trees. Chicken yard,
corral. Water system with filter.
Immediate possession First house
west Red Star Auto Court on
north side Holtville Hiway. Wal
ton, Phone 8704-R4. 6-2
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FURNISHED HOUSE for sale. In
cludes elec. range, water heater
and cooler. Apply 8l8 Holt. 5-28
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE-.32 Colt automatic with
shells and extra clip. All He'll. 5-29
FOR SALE-Heavy duty Wapat
elec. skill saw. Also blow torch
soldering outfit. 311 So. IL. Phone
1975-W after pm. 5-29
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27
You Can Talk One Man Classified Ads TO Thousands
20-Wonted-Reol Estote

WANT 40 ACRES or more old al
falfa land good for squash and
tomatoes with good drainage. Phi
31s-W mornings or evenings. 5-31
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27
SMALL WATER PUMP for desert
cooler for SALE
OASIS NURSERY

FOR SALE-1-5-yd. dump bed and
hoist; also 4-8-inch truck wheels.
See at 289 E. Main st. 5-28
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

MARINE COUPLE desire two or
three room furnished house or
apartment. Contact Box 638, co
PoSt-PreSs. 6-2
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27
w. T. FUGATE

GA Main Phone 474
$50
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-27

FOR SALE bedroom house South
side. Nice hardwood floors in 8
rooms. Walls and ceiling decorated
Celotex over plaster. Nice kitchen.
Electric water heater. Good buy
for $4,000.
TYLER INSURANCE AGENCY
$40 Main Phone $50
500
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-11-02
UNION THREATENS
TO WIDEN STRIKE
CONTINUED from Page One)

and 4.85 cents in the west. the
union said. The lines offered "a
cents for eastern drivers, 5.3 for
western and 10 per cent raise
for maintenance men. The COM
pany said the men sought raises
of three-quarters to one cent a
mile.
Conciliators sought to settle a
strike of ALL and CIO machinists
that has kept S. 900 workers off the
jeb in about 200 plants in the San
Francisco bay area.
The machinists, without suthori-
zaTon of their parent unions,
stuck to obtain a 80 percent wage
increase. Although the strike cut
off production of paper milk car
tons, milk was available in most
San Francisco stores and hospital
milk supplies were not endangered
The last traces of the recent
six-state soft coal strike of United
Mine Workers that tied up half OF
the nations bituminous output
were removed as $1,000 furloughed
Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation
workers were all recalled to work
The men were laid off in Pennsyl-
vania plants of U. S. Steers big
gest subsidiary when coal short
ages forced closing of some opera
tons.
In Chicago's busting shopping
district, ALL pickets praded
about the block-square Marshall
Field & Company department
store after about 1000 non-selling
employees struck for higher wages.
The strikers were elevator op-
orators, maintenance men, me-
chanics, candy kitchen and bakery
employees, packers and helpers af-
filiated with the AFL Building
Service Employees international
Union. Escalators continued in op-
GRAFTON and supervisors manned
the elevator system.
The company said the strike vic.
lated contract and that the union
on strike had a membership Of
about 300 of Fields 9,40O employees.
The management said the union
broke off negotiations because ii
insisted on the union shop instead
of a form OF union maintenance
which the company offered.
A dispute involving 400 AFL
meat cutters and food handlers
closed nearly all major food stores
in Salt Lake City. The union said a
disagreement on wage scales pre-
vented the signing of contract
to replace one that expired Wed
nesday night.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-11-02
CIVITAN SPEAKER
SCORES REMARKS

stressing that another war was
not inevitable, DR.. Eugene Wither-
spoon, pastor of st. Andrews-Co.
yenant Presbyterian church, told
Civilians at their regular meeting
last night that the American spirit
of disregard for the seemingly in
evitable is what had brought this
country to it's present develop
ment as a great world power.
Scoring statement by General
Patton that another war was in
evitable, DR.. Witherspoon said that
all of our wars have produced i'm
mortal statements and he selected
the famous one-word nuts mes
sage of General McAuliffe to the
German commander demanding
his surrender in the. siege of Bas-
togne as best typefying Americas
defiance of the inevitable rather
than passive acceptance of it as
implied by Patton.
Statements by leading figures
can set the pattern for careless
thinkers, he said and decried a re-
mark of Admiral Halsey to the eff
feet that he would like to kick the
Japanese into the ocean.
1--WE may have peace or revenge
but not both," he commented.
The British and Americans have
a good deal to say about each 9th.
er, DR.. Witherspoon stated and
quoted the remark of one Briton
who said that the U. S. had won
three wars, one against their faith
ers Revolutionary War;, one
against their brothers Civil War;
and one against their nelghbors
(Mexican War;, but had yet to win
the war against themselves.
Laying part of the responsibility
for the past war on America
failure to conquer themselves, DR..
Witherspoon said that if we do not
want to lose the fruits of victory
and sow the seeds Of another world
conflict, we must win the fight
against ourselves.
''World War l ended with the air.
plane. World War II ened with the
atomic bomb and what World War
II would end with we can't ina.
gine'', DR.. Witherspoon said.
Earlier in the meeting, President
Tom Lawther appointed commit.
tees to handle arrangements fol
a Ladies Night party and a stag
outing.
A letter Of resignation from
George Curry was read and &C.
cepted with regret. Mr.. Curry is
leaving Wilmington for bushes.
reasons.
Harold T. Weldon, who will be
associated with George Simons
Jr., in the second phase of the City
Planning Boards worls was a guess
Of the club.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-11-02

WASHINGTON, Nov. 1. -R-
Both labor and employer repre-
sentatives said after talks with
President Truman today that they
pledged cooperation in the Labor
Management peace conference.
CLIO President Philip Murray
and Ira Mosher, president of the
National Association Of Manufac-
turers, told newsmen they inform
ed Mr.. Truman they were entering
the conference, beginning next
Monday, with open minds.
Twenty-four union and manage
ment delegates and alternates to
the conference were called in today
by the president.
Included in the group was John
L. Lewis, president of the United
Mine Workers, who had not set
foot in the White House in four
years. He had broken with Presi-
dent Roosevelt prior to the 1910
elections, but attended a labor
management conference in the
White House December II, 1941
when the no-strike, no-lockout
pledge was given.
Asked what he believed would be
the outcome of the conference,
Lewis declined comment.
The forthcoming sessions are to
devise some machinery to replace
the War Labor Board, which was
created out of the 1941 conference,
too.
All morning long the president
greeted. and talked with little
groups of four or five of the con.
ference delegates. He will see more
of them tomorrow.
Meantime, the Commerce De.
partment put out a report of its
bureau of foreign and domestic
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-11-02
JEWS REGRET OUTBREAKS
AGENCY DECLA r 6

LONDON, Nov. 1--P)-The Jew.
ish agency deeply deplores last
nights outbreaks, in. Palestine. a
spokesman said today, but he as.
serted the Agency finds it's ca.
pacity to impose restraint severely
tried'' by Britain's Palestine
policy.
The British policy restricting i'm
migration to Palestine, the spokes.
man added, was an attempt ia
deal mortal blow to the hopes
OF the Jewish people and it's CON
tinuation for so many months afte-
the war has exacerbated feeling to
an unprecedented EXTENT
1.-THE Jewish Agency repudiates
recourse to violence as an instru.
ment of political struggle. the
spokesman said, but finds ito
capacity to impose restraint Sc.
vezely tried by the maintenance q,
policy which Jews regard as
fatal to their future"
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-11-02
CHINA REDS WAGE
CONTINUED WAR
CONTINUED from Page One)

ment troops which thus far have
been in action in the north were
lightly equipped and in conse'
quence suffered considerable cas-
ualties" in clashes with Com
munists, this source declared.
Communists, he added, have
massed large forces on the Peip
ing-Suiyuan railroad, as well as
sabotage the lines south from
Peiping and from Tientsin.
He said he hoped that the i'm
portant Shansi rail junction of Ia
tung could be retrieved" but ad.
mitted that the plight of its out.
numbered garrison, in the face Of
2 Well-armed Communist attack,
was serious.
Communists claimed possession
of Peitaiho station on the Peiping'
Mukden railroad, only 10 miles
from the port of Chinwangtao, now
held by U. S. Marines. But other
reports indicated coal from inland
mines was moving smoothly into
Chingwangtao for shipment south
ward-as though the Communists,
if they did hold any inland rail
points, were not interfering.
Communist spokesman in Chung
king reiterated their official at
titude: that they seek only peace
full settlement. Several added TO-
day sharp note of rebuke to
America for transporting Chang
troops into strategic" areas, how
ever.
One Chinese Red, who said the
current fighting is fiercest in Shan
81 province, also complained that
Gov. Yen Hsi-shan had lined up
30, 900 Japanese volunteers to
battle the Communists there.
Reds have organized local parti-
sans, he said, armed with such
makeshift weapons as wooden can
mons, long swords, absolete rifles,
homemade knives and grenades.
Yen said yesterday that Com
munists decending upon Tatung
were armed with modern field ar
tillery and tanks.