Evening star., 1945-06-24

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lated problems, and educational Co
operation; to promote universal re-
spect for, and observance of, hu.
man rights, without distinction a.
to race, language, religion or sex
It may, on its own initiative sum-
mon international conferences or
economic, social and humanitarian
problems. 1t may prepare drafts OF
treaties on issues in its sphere for
submission to the general assem-
bly,. It is expected to study ques-
tions of international trade and
raw material distribution. It has,
in effect, tremendous potentialities.
Battles Over Trusteeships.
Among the major battles in the
United Nations Conference, In ad-
dition to that over the veto-voting
formula, were those over trustee
ships and regional arrangements
within the framework of the over
all organization. In both, the
United States had peculiar interest.
Involved in the trusteeship system
was the demand by this country
that nothing be written into the
charter which would interfere with
the United States having adequate
Pacific military and naval bases
bases which it could arm as it saw
fit. AS finally written, the trustee
ship chapter authorizes the estab-
lishment of strategic areas" in
trust territories, which is the tech
nical way of saying that the neces-
sary military and naval bases may
be set up.
The final disposition Of Pacific
islands wrung from Japan by the
United States in this war will be
settled when the war is over. The
United States may, if it insists at
the peace table, take actual owner
ship, or it may decide to assume a
trusteeship over them, subject to
the provisions of the trusteeship
system. In the trusteeship chap
ter certain duties to advance the
condition of dependent peoples are
explicitly written, with pledge of
ultimate self-government and inde-
pendence of these peoples if and
when it is warranted.
The regional arrangements Sec
ton of the charter was finally
worked out so that the inter-Amer-
ican and other regional groups of
states may function for their own
defense, without waiting for author
ity from the security council, in
case of actual attack. Shades of
the Monroe Doctrine hovered oyer
this debate. Authority was also
given regional groups to use pacific
measures to bring about adjustment
of international disputes within
their own area. However, the re-
gional groups and their operations
are integrated with the overall Or
ganization, in the hope that they
will be effective agents for world
peace and security, without disre-
garding the authority of the secur-
ity council.
Each Obligated to Aid.
There is no provision in the
charter for an international police
force" as such. Each nation, how
ever, is pledged to allocate such part
of its armed forces as may be
deemed necessary for use of the
security council in enforcing peace
The exact proportion of these forces
will be worked out by the security
council with the individual nations,
following plans made by the mill
tary staff committee of the council
The United States, for example,
may be expected to hold in readi-
ness for such use one-third of its
Navy, and large number of divi-
sions of its Army. The charter calls
for an effective air force, supplied
by the nations, to be used on the
instant to meet a situation threat
ening or actually breaking the
peace. Here are the actual teeth"
by which the United Nations pro-
poses to compel peace, If necessary.
In this respect, the new charter is
far more effective than the League
of Nations.
To the United Nations Conference
came the principal foreign officers
of the great powers and all the other
nations. In its early days 1t was
difficult to swing a stick in San
Francisco without striking prime
minister or a secretary for foreign
affairs. It was a colorful group.
Gathered here were our own Secre-
tary of State Edward r. StettiniuS,
jr.; Russia's Foreign Commissar
v. M. Molotov, Britain's Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden, Frances
Foreign Minister Georges Bidault
Chinas Foreign Minister T. "
Soong, who has since been elevated
to still higher office. and many
other ranking officials.
U. S. Delegation Tireless.
The seven-member United States
delegation (former Secretary OF
State Hull, the eighth member
was unable to attend because of Ill
health) worked unf1aggingly. Its
members, in addition to Mr.. Stet-
tinius, were Senators Connally Of
Texas and Vandenberg Of Michi-
gan, Representatives Bloom Of
New York and Eaton of New Jer-
sey, Comdr. Harold E. Stassen, for
mer Governor of Minnesota, and
Dean Virginia c. Gildersleeve OF
Barnard College.
Mr.. Stettinius was the general
manager of the conference, its chief
executive officer, one of its four
presidents and chairman of both
the Executive and the Steering
Committees. To him goes the credit
! for the actual functioning of the
L.