davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-02
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

Of world empire leaving memories Of
the Pharaohs, Rome, the Ottoman en-
pire. and Napoleon. the question on
every tongue Is what will the next gen.
Grafton record in the Middle East of
Russia, Britain. and the United States,
the three great victors of this war?
Signs that Russia is not disinter-
ested in the Islamic world are innumer-
able and are to be found in places one
least expects and were seen 10 years ago.
Britain knows exactly her stake in
Africa and the Mediterranean, and the
United States has the immeasurable
good will accorded an idealistic. vet
most efficient, nation, whose material
strength is formidably visible every-
where. Yet what the people see, and
every American soldier sees. is what
seems to be peculiar disparity between
this physical strength and moral pres
tige and the actual political influence
on world events
Thus San Francisco is watched not
in expectation OF the honest solidarity
of the Big Three, but with the question
OF what moral and political concepts
backed by power will emerge to d.
lect the new epoch. How influential
will be the United States? The hope
OF the people everywhere is in Amer
lea. There Willkie was right, but their
confidence Is shot through with doubt.
Evening star., 1945-05-02
No Fish at Son Francisco
rom the Winnipeg Free Press.

From the Winnipeg Free Press
The latest resolution of the useful
Pacific Northwest Development Asso-
citation indicates a widespread misun-
derstanding of the purposes OF the San
Francisco Conference of the United Ma
tions. This association, which Is doing
excellent work in cementing economic
ties between British Columbia and the
adjoining States of Oregon and Wash
ington, has urged that at San Francisco
Canada and the United States reach
new agreements covering the develop
ment of joint fisheries. Fish are not on
the program of the San Francisco Con-
ference. The conference is called for one
specific purpose only-toer create an inter-
national organization which can pre-
serve world peace. But apparently in
many quarters it is regarded as a gen.
eral peace conference which will dis
cuss and adjudicate all the political
problems OF the world. AL such prob
lens. apart from the creation OF coll
lective security are excluded from the
agenda Of the conference
Evening star., 1945-05-02
New Setup in Austriu

The provisional government just
set up in Vienna promises to add
another complication in the rela-
tions between Soviet Russia and the
western powers. This regime is un-
doubtedly Moscow creation, set up
without the assent or knowledge of
either Washington or London. and
both the American and British gov
ernments have declined to recognize
1t. The potential diplomatic gravity
of the matter arises from the i'm
portance of Austria in the European
picture and the manner in which
Moscow has acted unilaterally in
contravention of understandings
previously made between it and its
western Allies regarding Austria S
interim and postwar status.
This new regime closely follows
the pattern of others set up under
Soviet auspices in the Balkans and
Hungary. 1t is headed by a we'll
known personality of respectable
antecedents, Dr.. Karl Renner, a 75-
year-old Social Democrat who served
as chancellor of the republic estab-
lished in Austria after the First
World War and ideologically can be
best described as left-wing liberal.
DR.. Renner heads a cabinet allegedly
representing coalition of the Social
Democrat, Christian Socialist and
Communist parties. That, at least,
IS the description announced by the
Evening star., 1945-05-02
A Tale of Two Cities
Bv Raym 0nd Moler

To suggest that proper respect for
the late President Roosevelt's interna-
tional ideals requires the reelection of
Frank Hague as Mayor of Jersey City
Is to invite head-tapping and eyebrow
raising. But this nonsense is being
used by CIO leaders in explaining their
support of Hague In the current So
called municipal campaign in Jersey
City.
They make no effort to uphold the
Hague methods. They know and admit
that his rule is as clear an example
OF the abrogation Of real democracy as
can be imagined. They do not deny
that Hague rule is terrific burden to
Jersey City taxpayers. But Hague can
deliver lot of votes in national and
State elections for candidates whom the
CIO wants in State and national Office.
So these leaders pass over their re-
sponsibility as citizens for good city
government and deliver their schools,
hospitals, Fairgrounds. police and hous-
ing to the boss. because that boss, by
some means, delivers votes to some one
who will vote for labor measures in
Congress and execute those measures
on the administrative side OF govern
ment.
That is why Jersey City is headed
for smashing Hague victory in the
municipal election of May 8.
In the neighboring city of Newark a
revolt against bad and expensive gov
Evening star., 1945-05-02

seated without dissenting voice, the
Latin Americans going along with the
understanding that Argentina would
also come in. When the Argentine
question was raised the Russians offered
opposition in the Executive and in the
Steering Committees, were voted down,
reserved the right to take the matter
up In plenary session, held press con-
ference to explain their point Of view
to the world at large and then made
their case on the floor of the plenary
session and were voted down again.
1t had to be that way, and there can
be no quarrel-given the circumstances
with the American strategy.
AS to the tactics by which that
strategy was applied there seems to be
more room for criticism; perhaps the
gravest criticism lies in the official tend
ency to discuss this and other differ
ences Of viewpoint with the Russians
in terms of victory and defeat. Victory
for us, defeat for the Russians That
Is not the way to promote confidence
and to lay the groundwork for future
cooperation. There is no sense in
gloating over such occurrences; it is
N"AAeSAoAs' INV w ACSo6AAADC eAAoV bAiS
Russians have fierce pride in them
selves, their military accomplishments
their demonstrated national strength
which finds expression in their insist
ence on being treated as the equal OF
any other power at this conference.
Most Of the experienced observers
here feel very strongly that sufficient
attention is not being given by the
American delegation to these questions
OF Russian pride and Russian feelings
Many OF those observers feel that there
is tendency to oppose Russia rather
than to cooperate with Russia; that
the idea of Russia as potential
enemy rather than Russia as an active
and helpful friend has taken hold on
the minds of some of the American
representatives to an extent which can
only be described as deplorable, and
that this underlying feeling colors not
so much what they do as the way in
which they do it..
In view of the impending return of
Mr.. Molotov to Moscow it seems i'm
perative that when he leaves San
Francisco he carries with him not only
the impression that We win stand firm
on matters Of principle, but also that
we earnestly desire the lasting friend
ship and cooperation of Russia and
are willing to 60 long way to get it..
tCopyriRht. 1q4b)
Evening star., 1945-05-02

Vienna bureau OF Tass, the official
Soviet news agency, which is the
sole source OF information from the
Austrian capital, no other news
papermen having been permitted
there since its capture by the Red
Army last month. 1t is probable that
the Social Democrats have been per-
suaded to cooperate with the local
Communists. but the genuine adhe-
sion OF the Christian Socialists is less
certain. These represent the Catholic
workingmen Of Vienna and other
industrial centers. There is nota-
BILE absence Of all other Catholic
leaders from the coalition, and the
Moscow press has recently attacked
them, notably Cardinal Innitzer. as
being pro-Nazi. The cabinet men,
bers termed Christian Socialist are
certainly obscure names, not repre-
sentative of their party leadership.
Another significant fact is that the
Communist members of the Renner
regime have been given key posts,
one being Minister of the Interior,
which implies control over the police,
and another being Minister of Edu-
cation and Religion-a strange as
signment for a Communist in a
country so strongly Roman Catholic
in faith and so conservative in out
look with the exception of the work.
ing class districts of Vienna
The more this entire business is
examined, the more disquieting does
it appear from the standpoint OF
America and Britain. The quick
reaction of Washington and London
indicates that neither the American
nor British governments is disposed
to acquiesce in it or allow it to 20 by
default.
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Strategy at the Conference
Bv Mai. Georre Fieldint Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, Calf, May 2.-n
one were to apply military terms to the
maneuverings at this conference, espe-
cially during Mondays session. it might
be said that the strategy of the Amer
ican delegation seems to have been
sound though their tactics may have
left something to be desired.
The basic conditions we're these: The
United States had a moral commitment
to support the Latin American desire
for admitting Argentina to the confer
ence; this commitment was made at
Mexico City. The United States also
seems to have had commitment made
at Yalta to support the Russian desire
for the admission of the White Russian
and Ukrainian Soviet Republics at least
as prospective members Of the general
assembly of the international organiza-
ton and this the Russians have inter-
preted as meaning that these two re-
publicS would be seated at San Fran
cisco. The Russian delegation came
here with definite instructions to OBJ
tain the admission of the two Soviet
republics to the conference.
The American and British delegations
became aware that the Russians would
stand firm on this point, and that if
they were defeated on it they might we'll
withdraw from the conference. 1t was
hardly possible to permit this to hap
pen; the admission of the two lesser
Soviet republics was not a matter of
high principle such as is involved in the
question of seating the Lublin Poles
Hence the Americans and British de-
cided to support the Russians on this
issue.
Obviously, however, they could hardly
do so, and ask the support Of the Latin
American countries for the motion,
without giving the Latin Americans
some assurance that Argentina also
would be admitted The Russians op-
posed the admission of Argentina pre-
sumably for the purpose of using the
situation as a bargaining point to get
the Lublin Poles seated. On this last
point there could be no question of
Anglo American concessions.
So it boiled down to this issue: Either
the Russians must be defeated on the
seating of White Russia and the
Ukraine, which might have caused their
withdrawal, or they must be defeated
on the question of Argentina, which was
highly unlikely to cause their with
drawal
The choice was hardly debatable.
White Russia and the Ukraine were
Evening star., 1945-05-02

known as Masaniello, the fisherman Z
son from Amalfi who made himself
dictator Of Naples in 1647 and chal-
lenged with success the majesty OF
the emperor Charles v. The quaint
old record tells how: "The intoxica-
ton produced by this sudden change
OF fortune seems to have affected
his reason" He put on airs" and
"alienated his friends" The mob
waited its moment; then literally
tore him to pieces.
Still more notably famous, how
ever, was that fourteenth century
prototype of Mussolini whose story
Is told by Edward Gibbon in 1.-The
Decline and Fall of the Roman EN-
pire." Born Nicholas Rienzi Gabrini
at a date not settled, "the last of
Romans" began his career as a
student of Cicero and Seneca and a
protege of Petrarch. "He perused
with indefatigable diligence the
manuscripts and marbles of an
tiquity' and caught from those
sources a flaming enthusiasm for
the restoration" of what he de-
nominated "the good estate" under
which the peoples of Italy would
be liberated from the misrule of the
mobiles and guided into an enduring
prosperity. The masses quickly re-
sponded to his eloquent appeals.
Even the vicar of the Pope COL
laborated with him. In 1347 "by the
popular favor he obtained power
with the title Of tribune and made
some reforms"
But Rienzi "soon became elated
with success" He, too, in the
manner subsequently adopted by
Masaniello and Mussolini, dressed
extravagantly, demanded theatrical
homage from his followers, expected
to be treated like deity. Matters
came to climax when, standing be-
fore throne and arrayed in a robe
OF purple, he summoned Pope Gle
ment vi and the rival "pretenders, )"
Charles of Bohemia and Lewis of
Bavaria, to explain their "usurpation
OF the rights of the Roman people,
the ancient and lawful sovereigns
of the empire"
The legate of the pontiff promptly
mathematical the rebel and hereto.
When the ban was announced, the
majority Of the citizens, who previ-
ously had hailed him as a savior, quit
his banner. Rienzi deserted, escaped
from the capital to Germany. Dur
ing seven years he wandered over
Europe. In 1852 he was brought to
Avignon in the role of a captive or
a culprit. There his genius as an
orator still stood him in good stead.
The papal court in 1854 sent him
back to Rome with the title Of
senator. But the crowd would have
none Of him. At the foot of the
Capitoline Hill. an assassin struck
him with dagger. Gibbon adds:
The impotent revenge of his en-
emies inflicted a thousands wounds. 4"
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Prayer for the Peuce
Conference

on, God, ,oho made the armament,
Partitioned earth and sea;
And peopled euery continent,
Then gaze men Caluory.
Direct the thoughts OF those ,pho ,prtts
The treaty OF this hour,
Upon that table send do,DH light
r. Trdnscendieo earthly po,oer.
Cushion the tongues that woulh be
Demanding hate for hate,
on, God, let nothing ,,oD retdrd
The peace for Which men ,Dait!
Be present there within that room,
Where leaders no,D hnpe come,
To seal mans greed deep In ito tomb
And end tUdr's nsnrtvrdoni
MADGE GORDON WEAVER.
Evening star., 1945-05-02

CAIRO-Hitler said in "Mein Kampf"
either Germany will be a world power
or she will not be. In this case he was
prophetic. Germany as a great power
is finished. 1t took Rome generations
to extinguish Carthage. Germany has
been extinguished as factor in world
history IN two wars in one generation.
But Romes victory over Carthage was
the end struggle of whole series of
wars. the elimination Of which, with
world power.
This war will end with the United
States immeasurably strong in terms of
economic and chronological strength
and war capacity, but without a clear
political concept of what to do with
her power in world terms and with
the Soviet Union the most obvious vic
tor of the struggle.
Every world question takes on a diff
ferent aspect according to the latitude
wherefrom it is viewed. From any point
in Europe, San Francisco seems far
away. There may be sense in that be-
cause Europe for centuries has been
the center Of Western civilization and
at the same time the focus of world
power. 1t has had its historic day.
Italy, like Germany, is one vast demo-
lition. France is weak as it has been
since 1870 Small states of the West
must lean upon Britain and small
states of Eastern Europe live by the
grace of the Soviet Union. These are
the realities that express themselves in
the structure of the new world organ
ization with all its power in the secur-
ity council Of the great powers, and they
themselves are unequal.
Il y
The collapse of Germany leaves the
Polish question unsolved to any ones
satisfaction except the Soviets' and un-
solved in more ways than one. Yalta
left open the question Of Poland's west
ern frontiers. namely, how much Of
Germany will fall to Poland, and, by
way of Poland, to the power orbit of
the Soviet. is a matter likely to be
solved as so many others-by fait ac-
compli
What the Russians want subservient
Poland to have, the Russian armies are
likely to take and will any one gainsay
them? Seldom, II ever. has an already
vast nation so extended power in a
single war as the Soviet Union has in
this one. BY device of friendly govern
ments it promises to fall heir not only
to all of the pre-1s14 Czarist empire,
but also to pre-1914 Hungarian
empire as well, and an undecided por-
ton of Prussian Germany states al
ready within the Soviet orbit.
The Baltic states of Poland, eastern
Germany, Czechoslovakia, Rumania,
Bulgaria. Hungary and Yugoslayia con-
tain 115,000,000 people exclusive of
Austria, which as an independent state
Is hardly extricable. This complex
whole with great resources in agricul-
ture, oil, timber, and metals thus will
be under Soviet power directly and in
directly and will stretch from the Baltic
to the Adriatic with control of the Black
Sea and Russia will be for the first time
in history well within historic Europe.
Here at the crossroads of the world
in the Middle East these new power
factors overweight all words spoken at
the San Francisco Conference. Here
where historic ruins record the course
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Bottle for Utter Choos'
rom the New York Herald Tribune

From the New York Herald Tribune.
Many details of peacemaking cannot
be settled until the fighting is over. But
this last battle for utter chaos will not
be over until the firm foundations of
peace have been established. That is
why San Francisco is as important to
the winning OF the war in its own way
as is the costly mopping up Of places
like Vienna or the Ruhr pocket. That
is why it calls for an equal sense Of
responsibility, an equal willingness to
submerge the unessential issues in the
great ends at which 1t aims. For San
Francisco, together with all the other
aspects Of the major work of which It
is part. is the only really final and
decisive answer to Operation Goetter-
daemmerunR,"
Evening star., 1945-05-02
About Badge of Honor"

To the Editor of The Star:
Did you know that over one million
veterans of our armed forces now are
entitled to wear the honorable service
button?
Did you know that many more mil
lions of Americans who should know
better do not know this button when
they see 1t on a veteran who has done
his bit?
. Do you know who can change that?
Well. I do. It's the newspapers, and
they can do it through newspaper ad-
vertising just like they can sell mer-
chandise.
Newspapers have boosted every worth
while drive to carry the war to a sue
cessful end. Now let's help the veteran
who has done his part. He wears a
badge of honor and he is entitled to
the proper respect from those who
stayed behind. Let's tell the public.
Detroit. HILL F. BEST.
Criticizes Editorial on Russia
To the Editor of The Star:
1t seems to me that your editorial on
"Russia's Intentions" is disservice to
the success of the peace conference now
in progress. 1t draws in question Rus
sia's fortnight public declaration, made
at the convention through her accredited
spokesman, that she would work in good
faith with the United States, Great
Britain and China to reach an agree
ment to preserve the peace of the world.
Your editorial naturally would offend
the Russian representative and his
chief. The case of Poland has not yet
been tried out before this conference
You did not present Stalin's side of the
case at all. Why impugn his motives
now and anger him?
Would we want others to force us to
accept an unfriendly government in
Canada after such war? Stain may
have a good reason for correcting the
record at this time. I do not think he
now would fail to agree with Mr.. Roose-
welt. Let us be patient and friendly.
JOHN HENRY BARTLETT.
Editors Note: There was no sug-
gestion in The Stars editorial that
Russia should be forced to accept an
unfriendly government in Poland.
The only question is whether the
terms of the Yalta agreement re-
garding a Polish government are to
| be respected)
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Not Merely Work

From the Toronto Globe and Mail
The ramifications of demobilization in
terms of practical, productive recon-
structlon measures, Of Unemployment
and labor placement, are many times
greater than were those Of the mobiliza- =
ton years. At the beginning of the war
work multiplied work to absorb the un-
employed and 60 on to strain our badly
distributed man-power resources to the
limit: Now the question is to find not
merely work, but stable employment for
tens OF thousands Of extra workers.
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Competition
Prom Pathfinder MaEazine.

Not many women will be leaving Jobs
when the war Is over. the Census Bu.
reau predicts in estimating the femi-
nine labor force will be close to 10000.
600 in five years, about what 1t Is now.
OF the $500 900 more women working
since the war, emily 5000 900 were
prompted by war conditions, said the
bureau. Half of these, the bureau be-
heves. will stay put because: Girls OF
school age, once working, rarely return
to school; many servicemen's wives will
have to remain wage earners; indus.
tries will want to keep women because
of wage differentials
Evening star., 1945-05-02
Other MussoIinis

What happened to Mussolini was
nothing new in the history of Italy.
Some at least of those who recently
read of the horrors of II Duce's
lynching must have recalled the
name of Tommaso Aniello, otherwise
Evening star., 1945-05-02

A Little Irony on We Day
To the Editor Of The Star:
Here in the Pacific we have been fol-
lowing with interest the discussion as
to whether We day should be the oc-
casion for pulling out all the stops"
with big celebration. And We thought
our tentative plans for that day would
help the undecided to make up their
minds.
Our plans are as follows: When word
reaches the Pacific that Germany has
capitulated. any vessels actually engag-
ing the enemy will cease fire and de-
clare holiday routine for all hands. YES
sells engaged in conveying merchantmen
will leave their conveys, since the Japs
obviously will not attack shipping on
We day. Navy. ships thus released will
steam for the nearest land and put
beer party ashore.
1t is understood that our Army COM
patriots on Okinawa plan a cessat ton
OF hostilities for the day and a baseball
game with the Nips.
1T. J. N. CHRISTIE, U. s. R.
In Asiatic Waters.