davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
LEGISLATION VS.. Education and F. EPIC.

Many meaning daily newspaper questioned
the enactment of fair employment practices legislation the premise
you egsate religious prejudice
MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE editorial of March 10, discussed
oraby recently
question by stating The anbas passed
without opposition which from strong liberals who
possible prohibit prejudice
perience has shown"
type thinking still further by other opponents
firm FEPC legislation like Senator Robert Taft Ohio who offered
the educational road to fair employment practices the logical
believer the FEPC discounts education
play in solving this problem but of them believe have
both legislation and education
great opponents enforcement provisions
the educational ne smoke Carey McWams
forna attorney and oc adequately the fears of the
TRBUNEs rong liberals and those who favor the educational
approach
Mr. McWiliams has this to say:
GAS the popular demand for legislation ouawng racial dscrmna-
ton America opponents legislation increasingly
fallen the old argument you gsate
prejudice out of existence and education the only answer Reasts
will not be md by either of these notions Obviously the subjective
feeling of prejudice be reached by legislation; but legislation
certainly be used to prevent discrimination.
1--WE confuse and effect when fail to distinguish between
Discrimination prejudceefect Rather say
that people discriminate against racial mnores because they
prudced think it is somewhat accurate ayand the OBJ
servaon certainly rejudced because
discriminate 1t is the practice of discrimination that
breeds and perpetrates prejudice.
eff legislation be effectively used against employees because
affiliations similar legislation can be equally
effective in preventing discrimination against employees
their ancestry the color of their skins To maintain the
engage double-talk.
aon education Advocates legislative
know, opposed educational designed
prejudice This completely false ridiculous
such opposition should exist
Legislation is educaOn- education point
cannot watt longer afford stall
pbsce majority indicate that they have been educated
their pudices Discrimination papable democracy
exists broad daylight Only miserable minority
ton in American life Why watt therefore, ouawng
elimination?
The advocates of white supremacy realistic
issues than the forces good will
discriminatory legislation legisla-
tOnas the by which they keep preua
country. They know that legislation is important.
The issue face not that of Legislation education for
agreed that the phrase completely misleading
believe that intensified educational should accompany
legislative gain But right the urgency present situation
necessarily assigns high priority legislative by
safeguard democracy in America"
private the U. Army stationed
Pacific" recently sent the NAACP membership Makes
of who always caterwaung about paying
Ito fight for civil rights look like of persI
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
CLOSE AS YOUR PHONE

CLOSE AS YOUR PHONE
Our news service to readers is as
close as your phone. If you have
news for the paper and live in Min
neapolis, call BR 1896 or Midway
834O. If you reside in st. Paul
ring Cedar 0922 or Midway 8340.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Jimmy Byrnes Hos Our Permission

The Minneapolis Mler Association
importing Cuban ball players to fill the which
resulted from losses due to the demands
There plenty American boys who would like play
like the Mers but they happen be black
baseball be brown black the player Cuba
he American of the color the
swings operation The reat bows
submission and Negro boys ruled
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

The "good enough" or call they
deserve" type of newspaper will
not achieve influence
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Discharged Sailor
Still Reads PAPER

OUAA ASNGANAo "PSA
Dear Editor: Enclosed you will
find my check for subscription to
your paper. 1 would like to take this
opportunity to thank you for for
warding the paper free to me while
in service awaiting my medical dis
charge.
Sincerely,
Horace H. (Buzzie) Browne.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
MILITARY SECRET

MILITARY SECRET
Too often a military secret is
anything which tells of the achieve
ment of Negro troops.-Chicago
Defender.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
THE PORT CHICAGO MUTINY
TRIAL ~ A CHALLENGE. I
BV Dan Gardner

Were the SO Negro Seamen Sentenced to 5S8 Years Given
"HOt Foot" by Navy Because of Race Bias?
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

S. Sgt. Acie A. Lee, Jr.
Somewhere in France.
Evening star., 1945-08-10
Letters to The Star
Albanians Aided the Fascists,
Says Greek Ambassador
0 the Editor Of The star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
My attention has been drawn to a
recent letter to the editor of The Star,
signed by c. A. Chekrezi, founder of the
Free Albania Organization in the United
States, challenging my countrys rights
to Northern Epirus, the southern part of
Albania.
1t seems to me that no argument can
alter the following indisputable facts:
/. Greece's claims were submitted to
the Paris Peace Conference and were
unanimously upheld on January 13,
United States, by its resolution of May
II, 1920, also unanimously concurred.
The failure to carry out these decisions
was due solely to subsequent intrigues
and opposition by Italy.
O. In the period between the two
World Wars, by mutual agreement,
everything in Albania was in Italian
hands In 1899, soon after Mussolini
proceeded peacefully" to occupy AL
bania, the Albanian Parliament voted
for the union with Italy. When later
Mussolini declared war on the Allies,
the same Parliament decided that a
state Of war existed between Albania
and Italy's enemies.
3. When Mussolini attacked Greece,
Albanian battalions fought alongside
the Fascist armies.
C. DIAMANTOPOULOS.
Ambassador of Greece.
Evening star., 1945-08-10
On Perpetuating Japan
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
was very well impressed by the let
ter Of Miss Chin Chin-Mui, answering
Suggests Mikado Appoint Brother
Premier as Peace Move" The answer
was so correct and informative in regard
to the "setup" in Japan that it would
be fine thing If all our people could
only get it. May I add the following
reminders on the subject?
There was no question about the
meaning of unconditional surrender"
when any Axis country exacted it nor
any governmental prerogatives allowed
the conquered. Now when we are deal
ing with government that has had
more absolute authority than any other
on earth. with an Emperor a god in the
flesh, and the greatest fanaticism of any
people following such leadership, we
have suggestions as the above men,
toned, and other variations. to permit
the preservation of such a system. We
even read that the Emperor was not tc
blame-the militariSts pulled the wool
over his eyes-and also that we are
not to disturb the religion of the Japs.
But are we not dealing with govern
ment which also Is the religion or one
with a religion so allied with it that
the one cannot be spared without spar
ing the other?
If We are fighting to assure the per-
petuation Of such stuff, and with wave
of suggestions and attempts to please
the Japanese this way and that, why
not frankly let the Japanese govern
ment write its own unconditional sur
render" terms? r. E. WISE.
Evening star., 1945-08-10
japanese Surrender

The Domei announcement from
Tokyo that Japan is ready to sur
render under the terms of the Pots
dam communique, provided they can
retain the Emperor, and that this
offer has been communicated to
the Allied governments through the
government of Switzerland, can
hardly mean less than the end of
the war.
There may be some delay before
the final, official word is flashed to
the world that the greatest war of
all time is over and that the forces
OF darkness, the savage aggressors
who tried, and who so nearly sue
ceeded in putting the human race
In bondage, have at last been beaten
into submission. We may be faced
with repetition of the chaotic
hours which preceded the uncondi-
tional surrender of the Nazis, when
the formal announcement of vic
tory was delayed pending final ne
gotiations, but if the Japanese war
lords have brought themselves to
authorize the Domei statement, it
can only mean that the end is at
hand.
1t is a safe assumption that Presi-
dent Trumans speech last night
hastened the enemy's decision. He
told them that I'VE have laid down
the general terms on which they
can surrender" That refers to the
Potsdam ultimatum, and it can be
taken to mean that, despite Russias
entry into the war, the terms therein
offered are still the conditions of
surrender.
The Japanese were quick to re-
iect the original offer, but since
then they have sampled the terrible
punishment of the atomic bomb
and they have seen the Red Army
swing into action-a development
which kills any lingering hope they
may have had of finding some way
out of their dilemma other than
surrender or total ruin. Last night
they heard the President say that
the atomic bomb would be used re-
lentlessly to save American lives
and to hasten the end of the war
When he said that "only Japanese
surrender will stop u.s." the men
of Tokyo knew that he meant what
he said They also heard him say
that still other military surprises,
agreed upon at Potsdam, were in
store for them, and they knew, too,
that these were not empty words.
In the circumstances, there is no
reason to doubt that Domei speaks
for the Japanese government, and
that surrender, If not already ef
fected, is imminent and inevitable.
Only mad men would have it other
wise.
Evening star., 1945-08-10
Control of New Power
By Maj. Georee FieIdins Eliot

Decisions which now confront the
mind of man are the most important In
history. On those decisions hangs his
continued existence on this planet.
If man can rise superior to the things
he has created, If he can harness them
to his service and keep the control of
them from the hands of those OF evil
purpose among his kind, we may well be
standing on the Threshold of true
golden age of peaceful development. one
in which the free forces of the intellect
and Of the spirit may rise to heights
never before attained. If he cannot.
this planet will vanish into darkness
and roll on, blackened cinder, through
the limitless night of interstellar space.
This is no repetition of the warnings
which have been written before the
publication of the first use OF atomic
force as weapon. Those warnings
were based on the known nature of pre-
atomic war. They were warnings OF
chaos and of terror, but they were not
warnings of the end of the world, only
of the end of a particular phase Of
civilization. They were warnings OF
new dark age, out of which man might
again nave dIlScH dllcl d lew Ccutul lCo
of suffering But the forces which man
has now brought into play are forces
which can be utterly destructive, SO
that no living thing may, survive their
loosing-if ever they are loosed in their
ultimate power.
- 4 II
All that we knew of war before the
coming of the atomic bomb is now in
question. For example, only few days
ago this writer published an article on
the japanese war, pointing out the dis
tinction between blockade and assault,
and drawing on the lessons of expert
ence to show that blockade alone (Which
includes strategic air attacks as they
were then understood) has rarely been
decisive in war, but has usually been
only the predecessor to decision by
assault.
OF course this statement was condi-
toned by the fact that air attacks with
even the heaviest explosive bombs are
Evening star., 1945-08-10
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

month in New Mexico and a few days
ago in Japan is an event that puts this
whole war into the background. Man
has discovered the original source of
all energy-the source that warns the
earth and creates all its resources:
The source that causes the sun eter-
nany TO burn. To put 1t profanely,
he has discovered the source of mex
haustible wealth. Two parallels come
to mind. The story of Prometheus
who stole fire from heaven and brought
it to man to make him independent,
and of the nature of God. And the
story of the Tower of Babel, which
started as bridge into the heavens,
and to God, but which fell through
the confusion of tongues.
Both are parallels of the revenge of
the gods. For men remained men-not
good enough.
With this invention everything we
have hitherto done or even considered
as means of preventing war is COM
pletely outmoded. Every concept of
checking aggression is inadequate.
When atomic energy is further devel-
oped, along with jet propulsion, no
power or combination of powers can
check an aggressive state that has this
weapon, and no state, however aggres-
sive it may be, will attack another state
which has it. Man is not made to
fight atomic energy or to 60 to war
against the sun.
The concept of dividing the world
into two or three great power spheres,
each with Strategical thises or that's,
is childish. The concept of balance
OF power becomes fairy tale If
Switzerland had this weapon, and the
Soviet Union did not, Switzerland
would be more powerful than the So
Wet Union
A political deduction as logical as the
instinct of self-preservation can i'm
mediately be drawn from this greatest
Of all human discoveries: There must
be a world state. There cannot be
several states or spheres each with
sovereign power to do as it likes, and
each. and eventually all, in possession
OF this weapon in various stages of
development.
In the hands of any one power it
can become, even without being used,
blackmailing instrument against all
iidiiAdiA liOClty, III Tie ldIlOS OF all,
and uncontrolled, it will spell doom
for mankind. 1t is not enough, after
this, to control German and Japanese
laboratories and industries. All the
laboratories and industries of the earth
must be controlled and that is only
possible if the world is under one con-
troll. We cannot live politically in the
nth century and scientifically in the
50th.
But since the root cause of all wars
is fear of losing or hope of gaining
means of subsistence or wealth, this
discovery, that ultimately, if canalized
in that direction, can provide inexhaus-
tible sources of energy for all man
kind, ends all reason for war, and it's
consequences should be total and uni
versal disarmament America has the
greatest opportunity to save the world
ever offered any people. 1t will not
be hers forever
Evening star., 1945-08-10
Hiram Johnson
BY Raym 0nd MoIey

Wallace Berry, robust screen hero,
tells story which goes far to explain
why the people of California for nearly
35 years never compelled Hiram w.
johnson to worry about elections. A
few years ago Mr.. Beery purchased
some property in desert ghost town
from which human beings had departed
many years back. In the drawer of an
ancient desk in an Office there Mr.. Beery
found an old photograph of an upstand-
ing young man. That looks familiar,
thought Mr.. Beery. On the back was
written Hiram Johnson" "Why, that's
that Governor of California" reflected
son, Governor, Sacramento.
It finally reached Senator johnson
in Washington. The Senator wrote to
Mr.. Beery that while his grandchildren
could all remember the most recent role
of Wallace Beery, his own role as Cover
nor of California had been played a
quarter century ago. And then as was
Hiram Johnson's won't, he added some
melancholy observations on the tran
STORY nature of fame.
Mr.. Beerys interest in identifying
hiram johnson was truly Cal1Ornlan.
The people Of that State win always
remember their late Senator as Gov.
johnson. The legislation and civic
principles which were built In the six
years of his governorship win stand for
generations. In the private ofice of
Gov. Earl Warren the portrait of Hiram
johnson hangs alone on the wall, a per-
petual reminder to 1945 of the ideals
OF 1915.
AS Senator for % years, Hiram john
son was the embodiment Of blazing in
dependence. In contrast with Johnson's
infiexibility, even Senator Borahs course
seemed at times indirect and inconsist-
ent. There he stood, year in and year
out. The country could take 1t or leave
1t. His State could take him or leave
him. And his State always took him.
Johnsons relations with the late Pres
Evening star., 1945-08-10
Troining for Cruelty
II the Manchester Guardian,

From the Manchester Guardian.
One of the French papers, speaking
of the state of the concentration camps,
with their devilish apparatus for torture,
made an apt comment. The writer said
that many peoples were subject to vio-
lent fits of passion in which horrible
things are done. He might have cited
the remark of Voltaire on the populace
of Paris, who could pass from the opera
to st. Bartholomew" The Hitler organ
ization for infiicting cruelty deliberately
and perpetually, he pointed out, was in
quite different category. Such cold
blooded scheme was unthinkable else
where. But Hitler could not trust the
German character to accept such a
system without training, and the early
concentration camps served two pur-
poses. They spread terror of his power
and they disciplined young Germans in
habits of cruelty. 1t was a school in
which the first Nazis were taught to
finch at nothing, to master whatever
sensibility they possessed, and to learn
to enjoy inflicting pain From this
beginning Hitler created his huge army
of torturers and his finished system of
barbarity.
Evening star., 1945-08-10

ident Roosevelt deserve long chapter
in the history of these times. In 1882
the overwhelming fear in the Roosevelt
camp was that trip to California
might result in disaster to the candidate
The overwhelming desire in the camp
was to win the support of progressive
Republicans. The high spot in Candi-
date Roosevelts trip was Sacramento
There Candidate Roosevelt paid glow
ing tribute to Senator johnson. The
Senator later supported Roosevelt. 1t
was President-elect Reosevelt's sincere
desire to get Hiram johnson into his
cabinet as Secretary Of the Interior. All
welt and Senator johnson were author
ity for the fact that the last unavailing
request was made on the day Secretary
Ickes was finally chosen.
The friendly relationship of the two
men lasted two or three years. Senator
johnson was personally fond of the
President. He believed in the early New
Deal. But when the Roosevelt Admin
istration turned toward internationalism
and. in domestic affairs, toward per-
sonal government, the two parted COM
pany. Senator johnson again became
the lone crusader.
Senator Johnson's foreign policy was
based onja deep distrust of Europe. It
was never isolationist with reference
to Pacific affairs, except that johnson
shared his States opposition to the
Japanese. he remained consistent to
the end, registering the only vote in the
Foreign Relations Committee against
the Charter. That was his last official
stand. 1t is how Ne would have wished
his career to end.
Hiram johnson wNl be remembered
for his steady integrity Of purpose, for
basic reform In domeAtic affairs, for
warm and gracious personal friendships
and for unsurpassed official ifidepens
dence.
Rslsassd b the Associates Newspapers Ins.,
Evening star., 1945-08-10
Sweden as World Trader

Sweden's economic strength and
initiative in the postwar commercial
world has Just been strikingly evi-
denced by the trade agreement ne
gotiated with Argentina. The pact
goes far to break what had become
almost a deadlock in Argentina's
foreign commerce. Despite some
recent development of Argentine
domestic industry. that large and
wealthy South American nation re-
mains chiefly an agricultural coun-
try. exporting its big surpluses OF
raw materials for foreign manufac-
tured products. Before the war,
Argentina depended for these vital
imports chiefly on Britain and Ger
many. The war blockaded Germany
and cut British manufactured ex-
ports to relatively small proportions.
At first, the United States tended to
supply the deficiency, but our own
military necessities. lease-lend to
our Allies, and political pressure put
upon Argentina by Washington due
to strained diplomatic relations re-
moved our aid from the Argentine
trade picture. The upshot has been
that Argentina suffers from acute
shortages of almost every type of
manufactured goods, and until
Sweden appeared upon the. scene
there seemed no immediate prospect
that those shortages could be amelio-
rated.
The economic position of Sweden
is unique In the world today. With
a large and wel-developed industry
specializing in high-grade metallur-
gical and chemical products, Sweden
as a neutral kept it's plant and re-
: sources intact with no postwar COM
mitments such as handicap nearly
all the warning nations, great or
small. Astute Swedish industrialists.
surveying the postwar scene. dis
cerned in necessitous. Argentina. a
golden opportunity. and equally
astute Swedish diplomats quietly
negotiated trade pact which got
their country in on the ground floor.
The agreement places no limit on
the value of commercial exchanges
except the exporting capacities of
the two countries. Sweden agrees
to furnish q wide variety OF both
capital and consumer goods from
motor ships and oil drilling equip
ment to telephones and electric
Evening star., 1945-08-10

light bulbs. In return, Argentina
engages itself to supply Sweden with
its many agricultural and livestock
products. The mutual advantages
are as important as they are obvious,
and there seems to be no inherent
reason why this new trade avenue
should not become permanent.
Henceforth, Britain and the United
States will alike face an able COM
petitor in the Argentine market,
while Argentina has found a partial
means of escape from the financial
subservience to sterling" which has
kept its trade tied to Britain's in
dustrial sphere.
Evening star., 1945-08-10

only locally destructive, that they are
operations which are intended to dis
arm, and not to destroy the enemy;
because no explosive which was then
In use could be applied to any nation,
in sufficient quantities to produce COM
plete destruction save within a strictly
limited area I"
The atomic bomb has changed all
that. Attack with the atomic bomb is
not blockade; it is assault, it is more
than assault, it is annihilation. In
this, 1t changes the face of war COM
pletely, and perhaps for all time. 1t
sets aside the old theories of attack
and defense, 1t gives to the surprise
attack the power to destroy utterly,
without warning. In the hands of
gangster state it would be the weapon
of international blackmail par excel
lence, for there is no defense against
it at present, and there may be none
for long time Indeed it is hard to
see how civilization which can pro-
duce atomic weapons can defend itself
against them, for the very size and
extent of the industrial facilities re-
quired to produce them seems to deny
the possibility of burrowing under
ground to hide-and even so, we do not
know how deep one has to bury one
self to be out of reach.
There is only one answer to this ter
rifle development. That is, to keep the
control of this new power in the hands
of peoples who want to live, and let
live; who want to be happy, not to rule
others; whose desire is for peace, and
not for the domination of the world.
1t is for these peoples to devise sys-
tenn of checks and balances by means
of which the new power may be made
the mainstay of peace and security,
rather than the worst enemy of the
human beings who have called it into
being. We are concerned primarily
with safety against the evil use of this
power; when that has been assured, it
will be time enough to inquire as to
the use which may be made OF it for
good.
(Herald Tribune Syndicate)