davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-02
WORLD HELD SPEEDING TO CLIMAX
BY Harold J. Laski,

Is halted; health is being undermined,
fatigue is becoming so deep-rooted that
men and women begin to grow accus-
toned to dulled apathy as their moral
condition.
1t is literally fundamental to civilized
habits of life that the background of our
lives should become impulses to create
and act in the open instead of impulses
to destroy and live furtively We need
to pass from a mental climate in which
civilization waits upon a secret confer
ence of three, four or five men, whether
in Cairo, Teheran, Moscow or Potsdam,
where decisions have to be taken which
are too big with fate for those whom
they will affect. The men and women
of this generation and their children,
who will be the men and women of the
next generation, long for a mental
climate where the refreshing winds of
free discussion and vivid criticism blow
through the closed windows and locked
doors wherein an international poker
game is played with human destiny as
the stake in the game.
War Bringing Climax.
This war is already bringing to a
climax the immense social revolution
which an incomplete peace had already
made inevitable because it brought new
ideas to ardent acceptance in millions
of minds 1t may well be that in some
Snniptinc = y.
common consent. Let us face the fact
that this will be the exception, not the
rule. For there are too many societies
wherein the exploitation of man by man
has gone so deep that it cannot be ended
without drastic surging of violence.
No one can ever sbe certain where the
violence will end or whether the old
bondage it breaks will be followed by
a new servitude or by a new freedom.
History does not offer us an !nevi-
table future; it offers us contingencies.
We have to choose, only too conscious,
if we observe carefully, that we our
selves are part of the factors driving
our choice to servitude or freedom. The
terrible effect of war is that it condi-
tions us to doubt about the method
OF consent. 1t puts us in state OF mind
where we become more convinced that
compulsion is the only way to create
the framework of desirable innovation.
1t is obvious that there are cases
wherein this is true, wherein the abyss
between conflicting claims are too wide
to be bridged by discussion; 1t was SO
in France in 1888, and in Russia in 1877.
But 1t is also obvious that where revo-
luton is attempted and where it fails,
position may arise wherein the chains
Evening star., 1945-09-02

applies not only to long hours but also
to the acceptance of nighttime hours,
Sunday work as well as holidays.
Average Week Up Eight Hours.
The records of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the Department of Labor
show that in the machinery industry
the average hours per man per week
climbed from 1874 in March of 1899
to peak of 4s.7 in March of 1s43, then
leveled off to an estimated 48.6 in
March of this year.
In the transportation equipment and
iron and steel industries there was a
proportionate increase of hours of work
and, to lesser degree, in the lumber
and timber products and textile mill
products industries, all important to the
war effort.
We owe great debt of gratitude also
to the thousands of workers who by
contributing production ideas saved mil
lions of precious hours. These sugges-
tions ranged from minute time savings
in the making of small parts to major
cuts in production time through i'm
provement of-processes. In many in
stances these production ideas were
encouraged through the operation of
labor-management committees.
For our success m keeping military
supply lines filled with war materials
the War Department frequently has
credited labor. The praise extended to
war workers for a job we'll done is
typically represented in a statement in
connection with our victory at Okinawa
In an announcement issued on July 3
the War Department pointed out that
the credit for our success at Okinawa
should be shared by union members back
(See LABOR, Page B-9l
Evening star., 1945-09-02
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

deniable I feel sure that the leaders
of organized labor will agree with me
when I say that ideally there should
not have been a single strike Not one
of these work Stoppages had the sanction
of top labor leadership. And the fact
is that time lost through strikes averaged
only one tenth of l per cent of total
time worked.
Throughout 1914, for example, time
lost because of strikes was no more than
If the entire national working force
had struck for two and one fourth
hours. While this is not perfect rec
ord it does show that the vast majority
of our workers did keep the pledge, as it
ought to have been kept. An equal ef-
fort will be needed In this postwar
period.
Worked on Holidays.
What makes the record all the better
Is that by staying on the job on holidays
American workers more than equalized
the time lost through strikes.
In the munitions industry itself men
and women who kept at their tasks on
New Year Day, Washington's Birthday,
Memorial Day and the Fourth of July
put in more than five times as many
man-days as were lost through strikes
and lockouts during the first six months
of this year.
Conclusive evidence Of workers de-
termination to keep our armies supplied
is evident in the record of long hours
worked in war production The great
majority willingly relinquished the hours
normally devoted to recreation in order
to keep the war production job going
Without that willingness we could not
have accomplished the tremendous pro-
duction job that was necessary, and this
Evening star., 1945-09-02
Labor Lauded for Part in War

Secretary Schweenbac Cites Casualty List War Bond Purchases
mendous Production and Few Strikes in Paying Tribute
By LewuB B. eHenbach hSeretr Of Labor
Evening star., 1945-09-02

Continued on Page B-6, Column A.
Evening star., 1945-09-02

Ses REVIEW. Page B-6.)
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

The UAW-CIO delegation
meeting with Krug was COM
posed of President r. j.
Thomas, Secretary Treasurer
George Adde's, Walter Reuther
and Richard Frankensteen, vice
presidents.
The extent of reconversion in
the automobile industry, Krug
told the labor delegation, de-
pended upon the curtailment in
war production. Krug estimated
that there would be a release of
resources from munitions pro-
duction amounting to 20To in the
first half year after We day.
The UAW spokesmen observed
that the cut-back would be
larger than this amount.
Priority For Tools
Krug indicated that he would
give special priority to the tool
ing requirements of the automo-
bile industry, an indication of
the critical Importance of the in
dustry in the rebuilding of
peacetime full employment and
production.
A joint labor-management ad-
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

visory committee in the Auto
mobile industry was discouraged
by the WPB chairman who
stated that he couldn't see the
usefulness of such an arrange
ment, Labor and management
both have separate advisory
committees now.
The UAW representatives de-
clared that they did not want
WPB controls lifted in such a
way as to give special advan-
tages to the larger automobile
manufacturers at the expense of
the smaller producers. This was
agreed to by Krug, who said
controls would be lifted aSsoon
as possible.
1t was learned that the labor
interest on the WPB reconver-
sion committee for the auto in
dustry, headed by Harry Mel
son, would be represented by D.
Allan Strachan, deputy vice
chairman in the WPB office Of
Labor Production. Strachan is
former auto worker and UAW
officer.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

! messed his many triumphant
returns.
Shock and disbelief which
followed the unexpected coll
lapse and death of the Presi-
dent yesterday at his Warm
Springs, Ga. home were quickly
supplanted by sincere regrets
and sorrow as newspapers and
radio devoted complete pages
and programs to the Presidents
life and death.
Most shocked of all were the
national and sectional labor
leaders, who, more than any
other group have come to see in
the President the embodiment of
their hopes and future welfare.
President Roosevelt was the
best friend of organized labor in
the history of the U. S. Presi-
dency.
The most powerful and demo-
cratic trade union movement in
the world owes its strength to-
day to FDR in the legislation
h demanded and won.
Almost every piece of iegisla-
ton that today protects labor's
rights and the advancement OF
political and economic democ-
racy bears the imprint of Frank
lin Delano Roosevelt.
Labor Backed FDR
FDR from the first moment he
walked into the White House
had the full support of organized
labor. Labor expressed its be-
lief and faith in him by voting
him into third and fourth term
the first President in Ameri-
can history to be given such a
trust.
History will show, and already
has shown, that Franklin d.
Roosevelt led the nation through
its crucial days of the depres-
sion because he put first and
foremost "the forgotten man"
and then, as the nation came out
of the depression, the common
man."
Roosevelt's life was the dem
ocratic ideal-not only for the
people who had democratically
elected him to lead them, but
also for the peoples of the rest
of the world. Roosevelt and
American democracy became the
hope of the French, the Belgians,
tn Chinese and the people of
every other nation, including
England, in their life-and-death
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
joint Council TO
Install Officers
Local 363 To Obligate
Officials In Joint
Ceremony

Members of Local 35 and 1863,
United Retail, Wholesale, De-
partment Store Employees, CIO
are expected to turn out in large
numbers for the joint installa-
ton of the first officers elected
by the newly created Toledo
Joint Council and the recently
elected officers of Local 1853.
Installation of the two groups
of officers will be in charge of
Harold Gibbons, st. Louis, Mis-
souri, state URWDSEA-CIO di-
rector and Ray Scoggins, Mich
igan state director who have
been invited to Toledo for the
occasion.
Following the installation
ceremonies and brief talks by
the visiting CIO officials, enter
tainment, music, dancing and
refreshments will be provided
for the members of the Locals
and guests from other CIO
unions in Toledo.
Irving Woodtke, president of
Local 35 is in charge of the en-
tertainment committee.
Tune In wT0L Every Thursday, 1850 D. m.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

Principal objector to the
delay was Tom Burke, labor
councilman, who expressed
the view that members of the
police department were entitled
to more money in the face of the
elevated cost of living
Opinions were expressed
around the council chamber that
Frank H. Adams, chairman of
the Citizens Finance Committee
had prejudiced the committees
appeal to council to hold up
legislation to grant the police
wage increase by sending the
letter to the body on Municipal
League stationery. (The Munich
pal League is favoring retention
of the PR system of electing city
councilmen).
Not to be outdone by the
policemen, members of the fire
mems union, represented by
Capt. c. Shennefeld appeared
before the Committee of the
Whole and in brief stated that
inasmuch as the police were to
receive an increase that they
also would ask for the same.
Captain Shennefeld stated
that the firemen were not ask.
ing for 40 hours, but pointed
out that the members of the de-
partment were working 56 hours
each week.
Councilmen listened and said
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

program of social legislation
was sufficient to satisfy most
labor leaders that he would
keep his word.
Organized labor feels that in
Harry S. Truman the nation has
a new president as friendly to
the interests of workers as his
great predecessor, Franklin
Delano Roosevelt.
Truman's record on labor leg
islation while in the Senate has
been almost 100% favorable. He
supported all New Deal laws and
practically all other measures
advocated by organized labor.
He voted against the vicious
Smith -Conally anti-strike law.
One of his last acts before
leaving the Senate for the Vice
Presidency late last year was to
attach his name to the "full en-
ployment" bill along with Sena-
tors Murray, Kilgore and others.
He has been a consistent ad-
vocate of planning now for the
reconstruction period so as to
provide jobs for all.
Truman Second Choice
Though most of organized la
Dor preferred Henry Wallace as
the Democratic nominee for the
Vice-Presidency, Truman was
easily labor's second choice
when it became apparent that
Wallace could not make the
grade at the Democratic national
convention, last summer. Lead
ers of the AFL, CIO and Rail
road Brotherhoods supported
him for the nomination, after
Wallace was beaten.
Truman made an exception
ally good record as chairman OF
the Senate Defense Investigat-
ing Committee. That committee
did yeoman work in exposing
skull-duggery, labor boarding,
inefficiency, graft and other
evils in war plants.
AS a result of the committees
reports, officials of a number of
corporations were indicated and
convicted of robbing the govern
ment. Also, many had man
power and production situations
which were cleaned up after
Continued on Page 2
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20

that they would approve wage
hike for members of the fire
department the same as recon-
mended for the police.
Increases will not become eff
fective until July / and will cost
the city approximately $35, 1000
for each department monthly.
1t was the opinion of Council
man Burke and several other
members of Council that it was
up to the Citizens Finance Com
mittee to find ways and means
of financing the pay boost. The
ordinance will be presented for
action by Council at its Monday
meeting.
Labor Group Approved
Also presented for considera-
ton was a resolution prepared
by Councilman Michael Disable
to set up a labor relations COM
mittee to be composed of six
representatives each, from in
dustry, labor and the public.
Councilmen Burke expressed
himself as favorable to the reso-
luton and spoke of the postwar
period when such q committee
might be of some value. He
said, "the battle lines (between
labor and industry are form
ing"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Auto Workers Expedite
War Labor Board Cases

Complaints in the Toledo area
about the slowness of the War
Labor Board have been held to
a minimum through the efforts
of Regional Director Richard
Gosser's office which has as
signed Ralph Brown to expe-
dite the cases in Cleveland.
Regular trips are made to the
Regional War Labor Boards
Cleveland office by Mr.. Brown
who spends his time there
checking cases to see what pro-
gress they are making.
Mr.. Brown who is assistant di-
rector of the Auto-Lite Council
is planning for the annual Auto
Lite Council meeting which will
be held in Toledo on April %.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Historic HighIights In The Life OF
Franklin DeIanO Roosevelt

hghHhs the life public service OF
Roosevelt
-Born a Ny
Harvard
Married dAnnaE
% the Y. Senate
-Candida efor of
icken
govern O. Yorka after
Preiden O
100000
Housing legislation
1938-The Wage-Iour Act
eeleced to term
Created the atlantic CharteW
Iarbor andW II
at Cairow whC Church and
toa fourth term
inference at with Churchina and
of the United Coneren
IL, Warm Georgia
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Lobor TO Attend
Son Francisco
Conference

WASHINGTON (LPA) - The
State Department has issued in.
vitations to 81 organizations,
among them the AFL, CIO and
the Railway Labor Executives
Assn. to be available for con-
sultation to the American Dele
cation at the San Francisco Con-
ference. The State Dept. made
it clear that organized labor
would have no official voice and
would not attend even In an
advisory" capacity.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Employees Form Council

WASHINGTON (LPA) - To
remedy "the deplorable condi-
tions under which Government
employees, especially those in the
white collar class, are living and
working" a new Government
Employees Council was created
by 13 AFL international unions
last week.
The Council will coordinate
the organizing, lobbying, and
public relations activities of its
affiliated unions.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Dimes Buy Farmers
Union Home

WASHINGTON (LPA) = Ma
tional Farmers Union offices
here will be within easy walking
distance of Capitol Hill, in SUBJ
stantial brick building recently
purchased for $45, 900. Five
apartments and another suite of
offices, all rented, will help de-
fray the cost, which the Board
approved, and for which it is
planning to set aside 10c out of
the SOC national dues.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Drinks Hit the Ceiling

NEW YORK (LPA) - What
you're drinking may not be rec
ognizable, but what it costs
should be posted right up on the
bar. The OPA regulation which
went into effect last week re-
quires that costs of drinks oe
listed just as are the costs OF
foods. The new regulation will
prevent phoney glasses with
built-in sides and bottoms that
gyp the customer.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
FEPc Bill Hits Snog

WASHINGTON (LPA) - The
bill for a Permanent Fair En-
ployment Practice Committee
hit its first official delaying
tactic of this session last week,
when the House Rules Commit
tee postponed action on the bill
for a week, ostensibly for lack
of a quorum.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Unions
Near
Peace

Organizational peace be-
tween CIO and AFL unions
moved one step closer as the
Toledo Industrial Union
Council in its meeting OF
April IL appointed committee
to meet with a similar commit
tee appointed by the Central
Labor Union, AFL, to handle
jurisdictional differences arising
between the two groups.
Appointed to serve on the
TIUC committee were Richard
Gosser, Lawrence N. Steinberg,
Ivo Erwin, Richard Lazette,
Chester Kapela, Clyde Shamblin,
Thomas Russell, Scott Bebb and
the manager to be chosen by the
Textile Workers joint council.
Tom Burke was made ex-officio
member.
Referred to the committee was
the case of the organization of
workers at the Toledo Edison Co.
The resolution authorizing the
referral of the matter to the
committee pointed out that or
ganizational work by the CIO
was undertaken only at the re-
quest of AFL members working
at the Toledo Edison Co. and
that prior to any discussion be-
tween the two unions of a joint
committee to settle jurisdic-
tional matters.
Tom Burke, acting TIUC ex-
ecutive secretary was authorized
to send a letter of coincidence to
Mrs. Roosevelt and her family
expressing the sympathy of To-
ledo CIO members upon the
death of the President.
Charge Spicer Provocation
Charges were made against
the Spicer Mfg. Co. by Henry
Baum, Spicer Unit delegate in
which he accused the company
management of fomenting labor
trouble.
Delegate Baum stated that a
company representative h d
made the statement that he
didn't care if the men worked
or not" and that he didn't care
if an agreement was being
violated.
Charges of incompetency were
made against the War Labor
Board by Lawrence N. Stein
berg, URWDSEA-CIO state di-
rector in his reuort, to the Coun-
ell on the efforts which had been
made by union officials to have
Toledo transferred from the
Cleveland to the Detroit Re-
gional War Labor Board. He
urged that every effort be made
to bring about the removal
which the unions were seeking.
Clayton Rusch, PAC chairman
reported the progress of the
PAC membership drive and told
the delegates that the PR recall
petitions were doing satisfac-
torily and called upon the or
ganization to give the PR repeal
its fullest support.
Tune In wTOL Every Thursday, 1880 p. m.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
To Aid In
Reconversion job

WASHINGTON, April 16 LPA-Labor will be given
representation the War Production Board Committee on
Reconversion in the automobile industry it was learned
here This assurance given delegation from the United
Automobile Workers-CIO by WPB chairman j. A. Krug
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Unions To Pursue
Ideals ForWhich Late
President Fought

WASHINGTON, April 13, LPA) = The body of Pre-
siden Franklin D. Roosevelt back to Washington to-
day. this time be greeted by thousands of silent fellow
citizens who watched through their tears the Chief
passed in death through the famous streets that had wit
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT,
.lAB0R'S BEST FRIEND. DIES
Pres. Truman Has
LabOr's Confidence

WASHINGTON, April 16-Organized labor tuned in
today to listen President Harry Trumans first public
uerance assuming office and the verdict of
confidence in the new head of the government His refer
ence though was continue President Roosevets
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
Poice-Fire Wage Hike
Aided By Burke
City Labor Relations Group
Given Council ApprOvdI

For the second time in two weeks, members of city
council voted approval of wage hike for city patromen
after exhaustive discussion of the subject and rejection of
the Citizens Finance Committee request made this week to
hold up the the proposed ordinance for 80 days
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-04-20
WLB Ceilings
Go Up

NEW YORK (LPA)-The
highest War Labor Board
ceilings in the country were
established in New York
City last week when the
Regional WLB moved into
new offices on the 61st and
62nd floors of the Empire
State Building.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-23
2-Hour Token Strike
Spurs Greek Cabinet

BY the Associated Press.<
ATHENS, Dec. 22.-The cabinet
of Premier Themistokles Sophoulis
met in emergency session today as
a two-hour token work stoppage by
government employees and threat
of a general strike UNDERSIGNED an
economic situation which some
government officials said was verg-
ing on chaos.
The government employees, pro-
testing soaring living costs, para
lyzed cable and Geographic COM
munications with their two-hour
strike, and heads of the govern
ment workers union ordered the
members to stand by for a general
strike proclamation within the next
few days.
Fear was expressed in some quar-
tiers that a strike of government
employees would spread to other or
ganized groups of workers.
Commodity prices continued to
soar while the plunging drachma
hit a new low of 100000 to one gold
sovereign on the black market. The
legal exchange rate is 1000 drachma
to the sovereign.
The Communist newspaper Rios
pastis declared that living costs
have increased 100 per cent during
| the last two weeks.
Before the cabinet meeting
Finance Minister Alexander MI.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-23
Britain Asks Compensation
For Czech Naturalization

By the Associated Press. s
LONDON, Dec. 22-Great Britain
has asked Czechoslovakia to COM
pensate, in pounds sterling, British
investors in nationalized Czech in
dustries, a Foreign Office spokesman
disclosed tonight. He said parallel
representations may have been made
by the United States.
In a note handed to the Czecho-
slovakian government by the Brit
ish Ambassador in Prague, the
British asked for assurance of "ade-
quate compensation" and made clear
that Slovak crowns were not regard
ed as adequate. since they were not
acceptable outside Czechoslovakia at
the present exchange rate of 20l
crowns to a pound go.
British investors have shares in
the big Skoda plants, now turning
out locomotives and other heavy
equipment, and other industries.
The note, expressing hope that
Czechoslovakia would find it con-
venient to pay in pounds sterling,
suggested that a contrary decision
might have adverse influence on
future British credits and British
purchase of Czech productions.