davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16

| But there is this indisputable fact
If the American people do not reach
out to aid, American workers will be
directly and adversely affected. They
will be affected because the reasons
this war was fought by Americans and
all our allies will lose validity. For our
needy allies, only one reason will car
ry over from the war-survival, but
not necessarily according to demo-
cratic principles.
To survive, desperate people may
evolve new and more terrible kinds of
dictatorship. Such a people will re-
ject the principles upon which their
allies operate, since they will have
lost faith. Such are the dangers
UNRRA seeks to avert. Besides,
UNRRA is the one organization set up
10 10 Tie JOU VI WOIiQ Ieilci anu lc-
Mobilization. The records of achieve
ment in the last months eloquently
attests to it's effectiveness.
Practically speaking, the economies
of Europe must be set in motion. Doing
so means business for America, and
hence fuller employment for Ameri-
cans. Doing so means also conquering
the threat of disease and avoiding the
kind of straight relief needs the world
will have to fulfill for years, if rehabil-
itation is not speeded.
1t behooves every worker, every la
Dor union member and every labor or
ganization to take clear stand in
support of UNRRA. Congressman and
Senators must be told that their voters
want them to support U. S. appropria-
tions for UNRRA. The money will be
put to that most constructive of uses
getting our allies going on a peace
time basis. And working peace for
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16
Going West

Samuel "Butch" Lolan and Paul
Blackley departed from Hamilton af-
ter saying goodbye to friends Monday
morning and headed west for Cali
fornia. By now they should be across
the Mason-Dixon line. They intend
to take slow time and make plenty
stop-overs. Friends of course wish
them good luck on their many miles
Of travel to the west coast.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16
WHAT NEXT?

A factory, made of stainless steel
inside and out, will be tried expert
by Kraft Cheese. If pleased
with the result, the company is ex-
pected to construct other buildings of
the same material.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16
Fast Action Urged
On Housing Bill

Cincinnati.-Pointing out that the
only tangible proposal for the crea-
tion of millions of new jobs now be-
fore Congress is the Wagner Postwar
Housing bill, the AFL Executive
Council demanded its prompt enact
ment.
The bill sets up comprehensive
national housing policy and is intend
ed to encourage construction drive
which will result in the building of
100000 new homes each year during
the next 10 years.
Text of the executive councils state
ment follows:
Adoption of postwar housing legis-
lation advocated by the American
Federation of Labor is a matter of ut
most national urgency and can no long
er be deferred.
'The executive council appeals to
Congress to consider Immediately and
enact promptly comprehensive ma
tional housing policy together with a
set of unified long-range programs
essential to carry out such policy.
"Homeless American families will
soon be reality in thousands of COM
munities while dangerous overcrowd-
ing will become widespread unless
Congress recognizes the nations need
and acts to meet them.
cover 1,4O0,OO0 married veterans
are already in immediate need of
homes. More than 100000 return
ing veterans are expected to establish
new homes within the next year but
will find no place to set up new house
holds. Americas housing need was
extremely acute before the war. Dur
ing the war years 27,000,000 persons
took part in the vast shifts of popula-
tion set off by war conditions. AS the
result fthis migration, the already
critical need in many communities
has been greatly intensified. This
pressing and continually growing need
cannot be met overnight. Only long
range planning designed to achieve
clearly and courageously stated hous-
ing detectives for the entire nation
will suffer to assure better homes and
better living conditions for all Amer
leans in cities and on the farms.
"The American Federation of La
Dor has always advocated the adop-
tion of comprehensive housing bill
which will enable each community,
through it's own local initiative and
with the fullest exercise of local re-
sponsibility, to reach the postwar
housing detectives as rapidly as the
great wealth and resources of post
war America will make possible. The
most essential principle on which the
entire program must rest is the nee
essity to bring new and better hous-
ing within the financial reach of all
incomes. Americas postwar housing
market is universal housing market
which can only be fully reached
through a comprehensive housing pro-
gram. Our failure to assure provision
of new homes to low-income families
as we'll as continued neglect of the
housing needs of families of moderate
income can only spell disaster and
unemployment.
Postwar housing is the only legis-
lation now pending before Congress
which would provide tangible source
of mass employment opportunities
and lay a broad and firm basis for
postwar redevelopment and recon-
struction of the entire nation"
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16

Volunteer workers served total of
1O8 ,427,31O hours at USO clubs since
their inception in 1941, according to
the National War Fund which supports
the activities of USO.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16

them means an opportunity for work
ers the world over to live more fully
and freely.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-11-16
WISDOM

The cause of freedom is the cause
of God.-Samuel Bowles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29

war-breeding international frictions
slowly but surely develop.
Under the reciprocal trade pro-
gram, the American effort has been
to keep world commerce flowing by a
standing offer to reduce our tariffs
against the goods of any country
willing to do the same for us and
this effort, as the President declares.
must be continued vigorously and
effectively If the economic founda-
tons OF the peace are to be secure.
In calling upon Congress to renew
the Trade Agreements Act, President
Roosevelt also urges the adoption of
an amendment authorizing reduc-
tions of SO per cent below the present
tariff. rates. He argues persuasively
that much of the bargaining leeway
originally afforded by the act has
been FUSED up since 1884. The indi-
cations are that the proposed
amendment will be holly con-
tested in Congress. and perhaps
there are some valid objections to
be raised against 1t. Offhand, how
ever, there would seem to be no rea-
son why this additional flexibility
should not be exercised with as much
discretion and success as the past
reduction authority has been exer-
ciSed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29
Business-Lubor Pact

1t is easy to pick flaws in the
newly announced program for post
war cooperation between American
business and American labor.
The seven principles announced by
Eric Johnston of the United States
Chamber of Commerce, william
Green of the American Federation
of Labor and Philip Murray of the
Congress of Industrial Organizations
are drafted in broad terms and are
susceptible of varying interpreta-
tons. Of itself, their PRONUNCIATION
will not eliminate industrial strife.
At best, in the words of Mr.. Green,
even a whole hearted acceptance of
this management-labor charter can
hardly be expected to do more than
reduce the area of controversy"
between capital and labor.
Nevertheless, there is hope and
there is significance in the fact that
topnotch representatives of industry
and labor can sit down together and
draw up cooperative program to
which they are willing to subscribe
their names. 1t has been feared,
and with ample reason, that the end
OF the war would inaugurate an era
of industrial strife surprising any,
thing in our experience. Needless to
say, that would be highly prejudicial
to our national interests, and for
that reason, if for no other, the pro-
gram which has been initiated by
Mr.. Johnston, Mr.. Green and Mr..
Murray is deserving of the best
wishes and the unstinted support of
those who believe that this country
can and should offer greater oppor-
tunity and more happiness for all.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

Americas food supply and what ails it
are burning issues in the Nations Capt.
tai. Congress, through its own investi-
cations, is going to get to the bottom
Of these questions If possible The indi-
cations are that the executive agencies
which have had to do with food produc-
ton and food prices will have a lot of
explaining TO do. Members of Congress
land other Americans-are willing to
tighten their belts as they have been
warned by the President they must do.
But they do not want to tighten them
without knowing why and If it be abso-
lutely necessary.
The meat shortage stands out like a
sore thumb. 1t Is the first item on the
agenda of the Senate Agriculture Com
mittee. which Is now holding hearings
on the food situation This shortage
for the civilian consumer is acute, de-
spite the fact that the cattle population
of this country totals about 81 900 900
head--the highest figure at any time in
our history except last year when 1t was
about $4,000, 900. It begins to look as
though it were a case of cattle, cattle
everywhere and not pound of meat"
It is impossible to eat cattle on the
i1oof Cattle must be fattened, slaugh-
tered, processed and distributed to find
their way into American stomachs. The
trouble today-or part of it's that too
few cattle are being fattened, too few
are being slaughtered by the established
packing houses, large and small. and
that the distribution is spotty. All of
these things gang up against the ordi-
nary American who does not have access
to the black market in meat-a market
which is very large, according to all
reports, and which keeps certain sections
of the country. or communities, fairly
well supplied with meats.
Much of the criticism comes from
feeders and packers. They do not
complain of price fixing per Sc. They
do complain bitterly of the way the
price controls are operated by the OPA
so far as meats are concerned. They
have told the Senate committee that
the price controls make it impossible
to feed cattle and sell them at
profit, and that they also are causing
the packers to operate at loss on
meat products. The answer to the
conundrum, they say is to see that the
cattle producers, the feeders, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29

slaughtererS and professors, the whole
salers and the retailers dealing in meats
are allowed fair profits. The OPA
officials retort they do not intend to be
stampeded into price increases. And
there you are Certain it is, however,
that the ordinary man prefers to pay
a little more for meat-and get it
than not have it available at all
The intricacies of price control as
it relates to cattle and meat products,
as applied by the OPA, leave layman
in a daze. All he sees is great lack
of meat. He is told that this is due
to the need of great quantities of meat
for the armed forces and for leaSe-lend
to our Allies From the testimony al
ready given the Senate committee, this
Is not the whole story by long shot.
Indeed, substantial part of the short
age is due to an illegal diversion of
meat from normal channels of distribu-
ton into the worst black market in the
country's history. This black market is
stimulated by the fact that legitimate
packers have been placed in a position
where they have to operate, many of
them, at loss.
1t is true that the Nations meat sup
ply this year will be less than it was last
year, due in large part to the fact the
number of hogs available for slaughter
will be about 40 per cent less. The very
fact that the supply will be less makes
it all the more necessary that it be
evenly distributed. 1t cannot be evenly
distributed unless the black market
operations can be stamped out, and
apparently these operations will con-
tinue unless something is done to bring
about fairer prices.
Packers complain that licenses to
slaughter cattle and hogs have been
issued in great quantities and indis-
criminately Feeders who used to ship
their cattle to the central markets now
find purchasers coming to them, with
prices offered which will ultimately take
the meat to the black market. A wit
ness before the Senate committee testi-
fed that day last week 400 steers were
offered for sale in one Eastern market
where there are six or eight legitimate
packers normally buying cattle. On this
day two steers alone were purchased
by these packers. The 400 others went
to other buyers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29
This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

Premier Stains change of heart In
regard to Russia's representation at
San Francisco may be just another
move to get another good bargain out
of the Allies in regard to his Polish
proteges.
1t was understood at Yalta when the
date for the Security Conference was
set that the foreign secretaries of the
United Nations would head their re-
spectiye delegations.
Last week the DISTURBING news reached
Washington and London that Mr..
Molotov was too busy with domestic
affairs to absent himself from Russia
and the young Ambassador Andrea
Gromyko, an able but still inexperi-
enced diplomat. would head the Soviet
delegation or delegations. The last word
is being used in this connection because
there have been reports that Premier
Stain has decided to send representa-
tives from the Ukraine and White Rus
STA to bolster the U. S. S. R. delegation
IN exchange of kilograms occurred
among the Big Three. Mr.. Roosevelt
and Prime Minister Churchill are per-
turbed at the news and are said to
have cabled Premier Stain that unless
Mr.. Molotov heads the Soviet delega-
ton the impression would be created
in the world that Russia does not care
fundamentally about the results of
Yalta. This is particularly serious for
our Chief Executive. who was able to
convince the people of the United States
that the most tangible thing We have
got out of this war was the assurance
that an international agreement would
be reached by the end of the summer
1t is not yet known what the reaction
of Premier Stain has been to the re-
quests of his two colleagues. But in some
diplomatic quarters it is believed that
he might reconsider his recent decision
to keep Molotov at home if America and
Britain agree to let Moscow pick the
Polish delegation coming to San Fran
cisco.
According to hard boiled military men
who are carefully refraining from be-
coming involved in the diplomatic tam
gle of the Big Three, handling of the
international situation in their own
way might have given far better re-
suits
The military men have done the
preliminary job for world peace; they
have destroyed or are by way of de-
stroying the enemy. Whether the po-
liticians will be able to pick up the ire
mendous advantages which the military
men will hand over to them remains to
be seen
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29

The famous phrase of Napoleon's for
eign minister, the Marquis Of Talleyrand,
that war Is too serious business to be
left entirely in the hands of the military"
should be amended and this phrase
added. peace preparations are too vital
business to be left in the hands of the
civilians"
While the Allied soldiers, airmen and
sailors have done superb Job their
diplomats have done far less well In
fact, the political situation in the great
family of the United Nations Is as
troublesome and muddy as ever. From
the information coming through the
thick veil OF diplomatic secrecy it appears
that the San Francisco World Security
Conference is in fair way of being
sabotaged because of the Yalta agree
ments and pledges are not working out
as well as we were led to believe.
Within few days after the American
people had been informed that one Of
the chief results of the parley was that
unllatel al actions by any of the three
powers were ruled out we heard that
Russia had taken "unilateral action"
in Romania. When the story was finally
published the State Department ac-
knowledged it was true and said the
American and British governments had
sent representations to Moscow. What
happened to them has not yet been re-
vealed, but it is assumed that the Ameri-
can-BritiSh notes were received with the
usual courtesy by Foreign Commissar
Molotov and filed away as interesting
documents. We have probably been told
that the changes made by the U. S. S. r.
in Romania already were completed and
that it would serve no good purpose to
reopen the matter.
The American and British people were
told that another important accomplish
ment obtained at Yalta was the settle
ment of the Polish question by the "ex-
pansion" of the Lublin government to
contain members acceptable to the Big
Three. The State Department here was
exultant and Arthur Bliss Lane. who
had been appointed as Ambassador to
Poland many months ago, made prep
arations for trip across the Atlantic
y X
Unfortunately, the committee of three
In Moscow has made no progress in the
selection of a new Polish regime because
every time the American and British
ambassadors submit name to Mr.
Molotoy it is vetoed as unacceptable
Nevertheless if a Polish delegation Is
present at San Francisco it will represent
entirely the Moscow-sp sponsored Lublin
government.
In this connection some shreWd
diplomatic observers point out that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29
Hitler Has Two Choices
By Mai. Georse Fielding Eho,

tough fight for every Baltic port. They
may view the Dutch ports and their
own Emden, Bremen, Hamburg, Lubbock,
Kiel and Stettin in the same light.
No one knows what passes in Hitler's
mind for military decision-expect a
stupid stubbornness which refuses to
give up ground even when holding
ground means the loss Of armies The
latest sacrifice to this imbecility is the
German 1st Army which Hitler sacri-
feed uselessly trying to hold the line
of the Saar.
There may be, of course another
German reason for trying to hold the
Netherlands, the North Sea coast and
Norway-the last faint hope of using
rockets, E-boats and submarines against
Great Britain and against Allied ship
ping-a murderous and hopeless bust
ness of taking down with collapsing
Germany the last possible margin of
British and American blood.
But for prolonging the war, for the
gaining of time, the defense of the
mountains and forests of the south
still seems the best scheme from the
German point of view. It is quite pos
SiUlS tIldI TIE SHlIL OF command 10
Kesselring-the expert in defense of
mountain regions-was based on a de-
cision to retire to the south 1t is also
quite possible that many of the troops
assigned to garrison this inner fortress
have already been shifted there.
This is suggested by the fact that
/. no SIS divisions have been identified
along the western front for several
weeks. 1t is also possible that consider
able elements of the LIST Paratroop
Army and the 5th Panzer Army have
been pulled back-probably eastward at
first to Hanover and Kassel, and then
southwark This would account for the
lack OF any effective counterattack on
the Rhine front. It would also, in
part at least, account for the swift
eastward dash of the u. S. Sd Army,
which may. be an attempt to intercept
the southwark movement of these Ger
man forces.
In any case, there is good chance
that important German elements have
been pulled well back from the north
ern Rhine front, to avoid development
by the northeasterly swing Of the u. S.
LIST Army and parts of the Sd.
Ncopyright 1e45.1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29

able, which Georgia cannot do with
out prior resort to the commission,
it cannot show that any other struc-
ture could lawfully exist or that any
injury to it is threatened by the con-
spiracy."
1t is difficult to escape this logic,
for despite the court majority's in
sistence to tn contrary, there will
come time in the litigation when
the merits of the rates themselves
must be passed on to determine If
they are higher in the South than
they should be. and consequently
impose the burden alleged on that
region. And unless the court is pre-
pared to ignore it's own repeated
warnings against judicial trespass
in the administrative field, and de-
eide this particular point, who but
the commission is to be the Judge?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-29
FREIGHT Rate Case

Southern freight rates. long a DO
litisal as well as economic issue, get
into a new forum now as result
of the Supreme Courts decision to
hear the suit in which Georgia
charges twenty major railroads with
conspiring to fix tariffs that dis
criminate in favor of northern in
dustry.
The court split five to four in
taking jurisdiction over the case in
which Georgia seeks to break up
the rate-making machinery of the
carriers which has been under fire
In the West as well as the South.
The immediate question posed is
Just where this leaves the Inter
state Commerce Commission, which
for more than fifty years has regu-
lated rail rates and right now has
the South's claim for rate equality
under study.
The majority opinion, read by JUS
tice Douglas, was emphatic in stat
ing that "this is not to undercut or
impair the primary jurisdiction of
the commission over rates." nor an
attempt to substitute the Judgment
of the court for that of the COM
mission. Whether the rates assailed
meet the "iust and reasonable"
standards of the commission is i'm
material in this view, which con-
tends that the sole issue is whether
the charges of the carriers are the
product of collision or coercion, and
consequently contravene the anti
trust laws.
The argument advanced by the
dissent of Chief Justice Stone, who
was Joined by Justices Roberts,
Frankfurter and Jackson, is in part
expressed by this paragraph:
Unless Georgia can show that the
present rates are unlawful, or that
some other rate structure, which
could be substituted for that now
n force. would be just and reason