Evening star., 1945-08-15

vi buzz bombs before they reached
objectives.
Ears and Eyes.
Warships Of the Allies, using
radar, destroyed enemy vessels by
gunfire and torpedo during battles
in which crews of opposing fleets
could not see the ships through op-
tical instruments. Exact positions
of individual enemy ships and the
range appeared only as "pips" Or
pulses" of light on a radar scope.
1t enabled long range bombers to
navigate to their targets despite zero
weather over Germany and Japan.
to drop bomb loads through the
overcast from high attitudes with
fair precision and to return safely
to their bases. On December I,
194l, it warned Pearl Harbor of the
approach of large numbers of un-
identified aircraft.
Radar means radio detection and
ranging. Its basic principles were
discovered by accident in 1922 by
two Washington scientists conduct
ing experiments with short wave
radio. DR.. Albert Hoyt Taylor of
2910 Pennsylvania avenue Sc, now
chief consultant and co-ordinator
for electronics at the Naval Re
;earch Laboratory, Anacostia, and
his associate, Leo C. Young, 64Ol
Book road, Oxon Hill, found that a
moving wooden ship on the Potomac
distorted radio signals between DR..
Taylor's transmitter located at the
Naval Air Station and Mr.. Young S
~eceiver at Hams Point. It had
previously been known that noun
tains and other large obstacles dis
torted the pattern of broadcast
waves, but it was unknown that
small moving objects could cause
the same result.
Holds Record Patents.
AS result of this discovery. DR.
Taylor and Mr.. Young suggested to
the Navy that radio detection equip
ment would enable destroyers locate
on line miles apart to detect the
passage of enemy vessels between
any two destroyers, despite fog
darkness and smokescreen.
These two scientists, continuing
their development at the Naval Re-
search Laboratory were later joined
by DIR. Robert M. Page, 2611 Thirty
third street Sc, who now, according
to the Navy, has filed the largest
number of radar patent applications.
DIR. Taylor credited DR.. Page with
having made more contributions to
modern radar than any other man" ]"
Scientific development for mill
tary and naval use was begun al
most simultaneously and independ-
emily in the United States, England,
France and Germany during the
1930s. Japanese development was
slower and it is now known that
Germany gave her assistance after
the outbreak of war. The Germans,
certain of their success, began to
lag in radar development during the
war. The British, faced with the
acute problem of air defense, forged
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United States led In the develop
ment of surface radar, and in pro-
duction OF all types of radar. Brit
ish and American scientists pooled
their knowledge In 1910, long before
Pearl Harbor.
Radar depends on short burst
OF radio energy. called q pulse, .
which is transmitted directionally.
When the pulse strikes an object in
its path, It, Is reflected back to q re-
ceiver and. the pulse" (or 'pip,')
registers as a light on q cathode ray
screen. Since the pulse" travels
with the speed Of 1S6, 900 miles q
second or 328 yards each millionth
Of second, the distance Is deter
minable accurately, while the known
direction Of the beam registers its
location or bearing.
The most widely used method oi
radar presentation Is ! plan position