Evening star., 1945-10-06

Italian colonies should come under the
truSteeship provisions OF the United Ma.
tions Charter. Various views were ex-
pressed as to the preferred form of
trusteeship for the colonies.
The American delegation was par
ticularly gratif1ed that the directive to
the deputies, while not restricting their
studies, called for special consideration
OF the American proposal for a truly
international administration directly
responsible to the United Nations with
view to the attainment of the greatest
degree of independence of the inhab-
itants of two of the colonies at the end
of 10 years and independence for the
people of third colony at as early
date as possible.
This proposal was presented by the
American delegation when the Italian
treaty was first taken up and was con-
sistently adhered to-
1t is our view that the object of
trusteeship should be to promote the
f-government of the people of a
colony and not enrich a trustee or in
crease its economic or military power.
1t was also agreed that the Italian
sovereignty should be restored on the
conclusion of the treaty so that foreign
troops may be withdrawn and, except
as specially provided in the treaty, for
eign controls within Italy terminated.
There was no definite understanding
on reparations. The United States took
the position that Italy could not pay
anything like s60o,o0o,00 Apart from
certain foreign assets, she should be
n ,1xtr ,o1.
factory and tool equipment designed
for the manufacture of war implements
which are not required for the limited
military establishment permitted to her
and which cannot be readily converted
to peaceful purposes. If she is stripped
of more, then her economy cannot be
restored.
Italian Reparations.
We have contributed several hundred
million dollars for the relief of the
Italian people. Their condition is de-
plorable. We must continue to help
them. But we cannot contribute more
millions, if those millions are to be
used to enable Italy to pay reparations
to other governments. We did that for
Germany after the last war. We shall
not do it again.
Substantial progress was also made
on the directives for the preparatory
work on the Finnish treaty and the
treaties with Romania and Bulgaria.
The principles suggested by the Ameri-
can delegation and accepted for the
Italian treaty for the safeguarding of
human rights and fundamental free
doms are also to be Incorporated in
these treaties.
The directives concerning the limita-
ton of armament for Romania and Bull
garia are expected to follow the same
general line as those accepted for Italy.
Before work could be commenced upon
the directives for the Hungarian treaty
the Soviet delegation announced they
felt obliged to withdraw their assent to
the procedure previously accepted by the
Council for dealing with peace treaties.
Before taking up these procedural
difficulties I should say a few words
about the Soviet delegations disap-
pointment with the failure of Great
Britain and the United States to recog-
niZe the Bulgarian and Romanian gov
ernments
The thought apparently exists in their
minds that our Government objects to
these governments because they are
friendly to the Soviet Union and that our
unWlliingness to recognize these gov
ernments is a manifestation of un-
frlendliness to the Soviet, Union.
There could be no gretaer misconcep-
ton OF our attitude. I was at Yalta.
The Yalta declaration on the liberated
and ex-satellite countries was based on
proposal submitted by President Roose-
welt. Under it the Allied powers, in
cluding the Soviet Union, assumed the
responsibility of concerting their policies
to assist in the establishment of interim
governments broadly representative of
all important democratic elements in
the population and pledged to the earli-
est possible establishment through free
elections of governments responsive to
the will of the people. That pledge
canont be fulfilled in countries where
freedom of speech and of assembly are
denied.
For Policy Reiterated.
That policy sponsored by President
Roosevelt was Americas policy and re-
mains Americas policy.
We are well aware that no govern
ment is perfect and that the representa-
tive character of any provisional gov
ernment will always be subject to de-
bate. We do not demand perfection
where perfection is unobtainable.
In an effort to concert our policies
with our Allies we have tried to show a
spirit OF conciliation. Certainly we did
not make unduly exacting the require
mentS We set before We recognized the
provisional Polish government or the
conditions which We have proposed as
basis for the recognition of the pro-
visional Hungarian government
And I hope that as the result of ef-
forts now being made by the provisional
Austrian government to broaden its rep
resentation, We may soon be able to
recognize that government.
AT Berlin We stated we would ex-
anime in the near future, in the light
OF prevailing conditions, the question
OF recognition of Romania and Bull
garia. We have investigated and we
shall continue to investigate. But we
cannot know whether conditions Justify
recognition unless our political repre-
sentatives are fully informed and unless
our news correspondents are permitted
freely to enter countries and freely to
send their stories uncensored.
We do not seek to dictate the internal
aHalrs OF any people. We only reserve
Tor ourselves the right to refuse to rec
ognize governments if, after investiga-
ton, We conclude they have not given
to the people the rights pledged to
them in the Yalta Agreement and the
Atlantic Charter.
The peace of Europe depends upon
the existence of friendly relations be-
tween the Soviet Union and its Euro
pean neighbors, and two wars in one
generation have convinced the Ameri-