The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-04-21
UNITED NATIONS
 FACE DEDATEON 15 MAJOR ISSUES

On tne Dt1uoarVou OAAS ptOpO5A4k for a world organization, there are at least IS major issues on which extended debate can be expected with the other United Nations at the conference here.
 There are that many major points in the proposed organiza- ton on which different opinions exist among the nations.
 As of now, one of the top issues will be whether two of the Soviet Unions autonomous republics - White Russia and the Ukraine shall be considered separate states and have their own delegates and votes in the new organization. Russia might withdraw that re- quest before the conference starts or not present 1t at all, but if it does come up, the President is com- ndtted to support it.
 American officials helped the United Press compile the following list of major problems that will be considered and debated here:
 l. Security council voting pro- cedGre. General acceptance is anticipated, but not without major efforts by the smaller nations to whittle away some of the Big Five's veto power over peaceful settlements of disputes in which the big powers are not involved.
 2. International trusteeships. - The colonial powers already Sus- pect such suggestions as an open ing wedge to wean their colonies away from them. But machinery will be set up for handling terri tory taken away from the enemy, for administering the old League of Nations mandates, and for re- ceiving other dependent territories voluntarily" turned over to the organization by the victorious na- tionS. Specific colonies, mandates or territories will not be discussed.
 3. Regional arrangements.-The new inter American system of Se- curity must be reconciled with the world organization plan. Australia and New Zealand are interested in setting up 8 similar regional sys- tenn for the southwest Pacific. The world organization is likely to re- tain right of prior approval over regional enforcement action, but may allow such systems to take } independent steps to settle dis puteS peacefully.
 4. Bilateral treatieS-France is insisting that its mutual aid pact with Russia-directed against Ger many-be kept separate from the organization so that its operation would be automatic and not sub- ject to security council approval Russia doesn't think there is any inconsistency between such pacts and the organizations policy o1 collective action. Russia places great emphasis upon such pacts al least until the organization abil- ity to cope with trouble has beer proven.
 5. Review of wartime decisions on territorial changes, etc.-Sen Arthur H. Vandenberg, R., Mich. of the U. s. delegation will pres! for authority of the new league tx do this. He wants fluid organi
 zation' which can revise treatie and former international decisions 6. World Court.-A preliminary : meeting of United Nations jurist l in Washington prepared the basi for a statute for a new court.
 7. Agreements on contingen armed forces. The charter vii provide that members mutually agree on the size and type ol forces, including special air con. tingents, to be placed at the call oi the security council in event of az. gresSion.
 g. Small powers vs. big powers- The little nations, as evidenced by the Latin American commentaries on the plan, will press for more than recommendatory powers fol the assembly, the only major body on which they will have an equal vote with the big nations.
 g. Middle power bid for special position.-Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Brazil, Poland and Mexico are in the vanguard of this issue. Most of them have made major contributions to the war ] effort. Australia has proposed that a fixed proportion of the six non- permanent council members be se- lected from the middle powers" 10. New permanent site for the organiZation.-The United States fayors meeting in different place each year, for while at least. But the secretariat will have to have a permanent place and the council is planning to meet continuously.
 Il. What is 'peace-loving' state?-That is the only condition cited in the Dumbarton Oaks pro- posalS for membership. But the term will have to be defined.
 12. Domestic vs. international jurisdiction. - Eventually the line will have to be drawn between these two. It may be decided to draw 1t in each case on its merits. The proposals already would make 1t possible for the council to act in what has been considered 8 do- l AANctAN 4A1dtOC4 wal CtG.-kl IL is determined that such situation threatens peace.
 B. Economic and social council , Attempts may be made to create world economic charter to guide this council, similar to the one foi the Western Hampshire adopted at Mexico City, and to include ir the charter a declaration on hu. man rights.
 IA. Relationship of other inter. national organizations.-The mos . difficult problem will be posed b, the International Labor Office This will also involve problem! connected with liquidation of thu old League of Nations.
 IS. Amendments of the charter Australia and Cmdr. Harolt