davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-02-27
FUNERALS

The funeral of Mrs. Katherine Handlowich, 82, Northfield, a sis- ter of Mrs. Elizabeth Galiada, Wa terbury, was held yesterday morn- ing from the Lyons funeral home, T'homaston, to St. Thomas church. Burial will be in Northf1eld at the convenience of the family. Mrs. Handlowich died Saturday at the home of her son, Daniel Handlo- wich. in Northfeld, where she had lived for 45 years.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
Thot 'GI Joe Argument
From the Stars and Stripes. Rome.

from the stars ana stripes, Rome.
With due allowance for the inalienable
right to gripe, most soldiers are content
to 60 along doing their job without much
comment. At irregular intervals, how
ever. . storm OF controversy Is whipped
UP and when it's over, few are ex-
actly sure what happened. It happened
again over the phrase "GI Joe"
1t may have started with the forth
coming movie on Ernie Pyle's book, to
be called "GI joe" Some people said
the phrase was invented by advertisers;
others maintained that it grew out of
the Army: the Infantry Journal poured
oil on the waters and said: "Ihe proud
anonymity Of the uniform demanded a
name as proud and as anonymous. as
itself and got it in 'GI joe"
The civilians began to ask the SOL
dier what he thought Of the phrase, and
the soldier began asking other soldiers
and then all the soldiers began askirK
themselves. The amount Of time coi-
sumed has already equaled that takin
by the bearded gentleman who vas
asked whether he slept with his whiSk-
ers under the cover or over the ccver
and then couldn't manage to yleep for
thinking about it.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
Thut Testing Laboratory

The Star FOUND 1t necessary to de-
vote three articles to an explana-
ton of the perplexing background
Of the capricious and arbitrary leg
islation which for twelve years has
prevented use of the District High
way Departments testing labora-
tory.
It is an amazing story. Congress
authorized and appropriated funds,
furnished by local taxpayers. for
construction of the laboratory and
installation of the machinery. Then
The Appropriations Committee, act
ing on what seems to have been a
curious whim of it's chairman, closed
down the place in 1888 by legis-
lative rider which ever since has
oeen a part of the District appro-
priation bill.
Francis P. Douglas, the reporter
assigned to dig up the facts regard
ing this matter from the printed
records Of hearings, shows very
plainly that If, as suggested, the
laboratory were closed on the sup
position that the Bureau of Stand
ards would perform the work free,
that supposition was Immediately
shown to be erroneous. But care
full reading of his articles indicates
that there is something more to
this business than meets the eye.
Certainly it is hard to reconcile a
love of economy for the District tax
payers with a measure which has
made them pay some s313,631 for
highway material testing when the
same job could have been done, at
the closed laboratory, for $165, 900.
As for the capital investment in the
plant and machinery. that has ap-
parently been written off as an
other loss.
1t would seem that the Appropria-
tons Committee has a peculiar re-
sponsibility to the District taxpay-
ers in this case, which should be
met in one of two ways. The test
ing laboratory should be reopened
to perform the functions for which
it was built: or the District should
be reimbursed for an original in
vestment which, without adequate
explanation from any source, has
been wasted by an inexcusable rider
on an appropriation bill.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
This Changing World
BY Constantine Br0vn

apple cart, Prime Minister Churchill
ordered Sir Harold to swallow his pride.
Since that time the Yugoslav marshal
has worked In close cooperation with
Moscow and had only perfunctory Dip
lomatic relations with the British.
The Trieste and Gorilla incidents are
the result Of his challenge to the British,
who had dispatched the Sd New Zea-
land Division to occupy Italia Guilia
and the Istrian Peninsula-both Italian
territories-untu real peace treaty was
signed between the italian government
and the Allies. The ports of Trieste,
Fiume and Pola are Of the highest i'm
portance to the American and British
military forces because they connect
the portions of Austria which are to be
occupied by the Western Allies with the
Adrtatic. The entire communication sys-
tenn with lower Austria, where the
British are expected to be stationed in
accordance with the Yalta agreement,
starts from these ports. In order to
assure the unhampered movement Of
troops and supplies, the British, and to
lesser extent the Americans, must
have under their control the railroads
and the highways leading from Trieste
to Vienna.
At the present the New Zealanders
occupy the port. Outside that narrow
area Titos YugoSlav army is In COM
plete control of the whole network Of
communications. Moreover, Tito's forces
are moving northward into Austrian
zones which are supposed to be placed
under the protection OF the British un-
til the Allies have recognized a new
Austrian government.
These British and American forces
were to be the wardens of those Sec
tions Of Austria which were not under
Russian occupation. Their task was to
prevent any territorial encroachment on
Austria by any OF her covetous neigh
bors The Allies are now demanding
that Tito not only place these territories
under the rule of the Western Allies, but
also refrain from penetrating further
into lower Austria.
Premier Stain has been fully in
formed of every step taken by the
United States and Great Britain since
last Saturday, not only because the
Western Allies do not wish to take any
unilateral actions in regard to q minor
ally, but also because they realize that
1t is up to him to straighten out the
situation.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
New German Legend
By Maj. George Fieldinf Eliot

has reached the rank Of colonel or
higher, whether he is a General Staff
officer or not, should be weeded out and
removed permanently from Germany.
Those who are on the list Of war GRIM
inalS can be dealt with as justice may
dictate. The others should be sent to
some distant island, perhaps in the
South Indian Ocean, to finish their lives
where they will be no danger to man
kind.
The archives of the general stan,
which were allowed to be preserved
and studied by new generation Of Ger
man officers after the last war, should
be removed from Germany. There
should be no opportunity for detailed
examination OF the mistakes" Of this
war in order that these mistakes shall
be avoided next time
AL military organizations Of every
kind should be forbidden, including not
only any sort Of German army, but
ofncers' clubs, associations OF veterans,
any kind Of group which may tend to
preserve the military tradition OF the
past. The wearing Of any kind Of uni
form should be forbidden as well as the
WCdAAiS VI ally Au1u VI AuuAtdIy UAuSS
or button. Policemen, postmen, railway
employees and others who need . dis
tinguishing mark should be allowed to
wear an arm band but only while on
duty. No parades, no bands, no march,
ing clubs, no youth organizations with
q military tinge.
And right now We should begin to
take all the necessary steps to see to
1t that the German general staff Is
not allowed to build up its own credit
at the expense Of the Nazis or any one
else. Every German, ofncer or not,
should be treated in the same way and
according to the same rules. II he is
q war civilian, let him be tried; II not,
let him be dealt with as . German
citizen sharing due measure Of re-
sponsibility for the crimes Of his country.
The German Army which has been
the instrument and the protector Of
these crimes, should be wiped out Of
existence as soon rs it Is disarmed.
tcopyright, 1e46) e
Evening star., 1945-05-16
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN VIA ROME.-If a
man spends eight years in prison or four
behind barbed wire and is then placed
in solitary confinement for refusing to
render unto Caesar the things that are
Gods and it, meanwhile, his sons are
killed or missing in action or are forced
to fight for their fathers jailers. several
things can happen to him.
He can find that God has forsaken
refuge in other worldly mysticism against
the realities Of life or he can become
strengthened and purified to an incan-
descent faith and an unassailable inner
freedom
To Martin Neimoeller the last has
happened All the trials Of Job have
befallen him and his family. OF his
seven children only two are certainly
alive and with their mother. He has
seen the country, which he was too
sternly honest to reject as his own, de-
feated, abased, ruined. and despised. as
he foresaw it would be when it bent its
knee to the golden calf of evil power.
He does not know whether in hun
dred years Germany will again take its
place in civilization with honor, but he
knows wherein he believes and where
fore he suffered and that set him apart
from the run of men and gave him
authority even amongst his beastly
jailers who never lifted hand against
him. And his belief gives him now a
spiritual authority possessed perhaps
by no other individual in Protestant
Christendom.
encountered Martin Neimoeller in
place whereto he had been removed
with Kurt Schuschnigg, Leon Blum
Hjalmar Schacht, Prince Philip Hesse
and many others who had been taken by
the American Army from their last in
ternment place after the siege OF Da-
chau and saw him under conditions
which made it possible that we could
have quiet and extended conversations
He is man from whom fear forever
has flown. He is boyishly slim, wiry
nervous but disciplined In full sim
plicity and humility, his brown eyes
look steadily as he speaks and his smile
is alight with kindness and peace.
I didn't rehearSe his sufferings, but
I spoke at length of the possible future
of Germany. He refused to offer any
didactic opinion, reminding me he had
been isolated for years from contacts
with any one but his wife and that she
too, had lost track of their old friends
in the congregation in recent months
But if he has no opinions, he has strong
instincts born from long years of con-
Evening star., 1945-05-16
Messenger

Racing on toings OF light that lip his
heels,
Stoitt Mercury speeds Gcrots the
pdlin1 sky
Where stars are ,odnina and thu planets
tDheel
In dimning movement as he hastens
By.
Brilliant and beautiful, he heralds in,
The April morning, tremalous vith
sound Z.
That stoells from sleepy bird throdts, to
q din
OF silper choruses abope the ground.
Bright morning star, still burning ,chen
red Mars
Has faded oblipion, and the moon
Is but delicate tohisper;; when all stars
Are gone, and the young day is
opportune,
He 10 the messenger, rroclainsinD light
IN face Of GH the Evidence Of night
NARY WILLIS SHELBoURNE.
Evening star., 1945-05-16

The German general staff is making
desperate effort to establish itself in
the minds of the German people as
the one remaining source Of strength
to which they can turn in time of
trouble. That effort must not be per-
mitted to succeed.
The general staff's propaganda line
is becoming very plain: It was the mil
itary imbecilities of Hitler and his Nazi
associates which lost the war, or at
least which prevented suficiently
effective defense so that Germany could
have made a negotiated peace. It was
the general staff and the army which
stepped in and prevented the final de-
struction of the nation and it is the
general staff around which the Ger
man people must now rally as the only
force within the Reich which can deal
with the victors.
We see at every turn the attempt to
discredit the Nazis. To build up the
army. Gen. Guderian gives 4 press
interview and speaks freely" about
German defeats; he plays the part of
the bluff, hearty soldier; he says that
soldiers after a defeat can shake hands
with the victor in all good fellowship.
And isn't it too bad that politicians
and business men don't think along
those lines? Gen. Dittmar, long the
radio mouthpiece of German military
opinion, rigs up fine broadcast in
which he cleverly explains how the
Nazis lost every military oportunity and
thwarted the plans Of the general STAN
but fortunately vigilant ofiicer Of our
Psychological Warfare Service prevents
him from delivering it. The uttefances
of every other captured German general
officer run in the same channel. There
can be no doubt that this is the direct
ed line; this Is what the German gen.
eral staff wants the German people to
believe. This is the foundation for
new legend.
There are few suggestions which
may be useful right now. This writer
Is convinced that every ofncer who has
been member Of the German General
Staff and every German oficer who
Evening star., 1945-05-16

centrated meditation and intense spiri-
tual exercise.
He claims there is literally nothing left
OF German life which Is not corrupted
and compromised and believes it Is
foolish to think that q democratic Ger
many will arise in the near future. In
his opinion Germany must be governed
by the victors, otherwise there will be
wholesale slaughter and Germany will
be in a state Of chaos, disintegration
and despair.
There remains in his mind just one
institution which never wholly yielded
up its faith and which, though without
practical results, kept alive In the people
the recollection Of morality and hope
for q better world. He said the Chris
tian Church crisis In Germany was
both moral and spiritual and must be
rebuilt from moral and spiritual foun-
dations. for it was in these the collapse
Of Germany began under Hitler.
Thousands of Germans have redis-
covered what religion means in faith
in their cross creeds. Neimoeller him.
self pilgrimaged in 1887 to Catholic
Bishop Won Gallen of Muenster to out
stretch his hand and to read the bishops
pastoral letters from his pulpit, some
thing which never happened before in
Protestant Germany. The proportion
Of the ministers who testified to God
against Hitler was larger than any
political group and included princes of
the church like Abbot Mettenhead, from
the greatest Benedictine Monastery in
Bavaria, and simple curates and priests
who believe in the unassuaged spiritual
hunger after Righteousness and truth in
the German people.
That is the only positive force he
discerns and, above all, he prays that
the four powers who will administer
Germany will be able to agree and work
together on a common program. He Is
confident that should Germany be di.
vided into separate spiritual spheres II
would be the last terrible fate Of his
country and civilization and that al
together it would mean no peace and
breach Of peace would bring dark
ages for centuries.
When asked about communism, h,
said he didn't think the people would
turn toward the political aspects OF
communism, not because the economic
doctrines OF any economic system max.
ing it possible to sustain mere life are
unacceptable, but because any system
that suppresses, personal conscienc.
on behalf OF state party seems toe
much like Naziism. He prays that
Western civilization and Russian com.
munism may reconcile their systems and
learn each from the other.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
Thoughts About Memorials

Inc May issue OF the journal OF
the American Institute of Architects
contains statement on memorials
by Percy Cashmere of Ridgefeld,
Connecticut, which brings together
in single paper number of current
yet perhaps not quite completely
comprehended ideas we'll worth the
consideration of the whole public.
Much, for example, has been said
about living memorials" for those
men and women who have given
their lives in ''this double war" The
proponents of a pragmatic variety
OF recognition of their sacrifice have
suggested community centers, state
highways, slum clearance projects
and many other more or less obvious
improvements as being both appro-
pirate and useful. But Mr.. Cash
more calls attention to the fact that
the Jefferson Memorial is very beau
tiful while George Washington's
stature is not raised by using his
name either for a coffee or bridge"
This comment, obviously, is in
tended to remind everybody inter-
ested that each monument enter
prise will be an individual problem.
A city which already possesses
reasonably adequate school system
stands in no special need to COM
memorate it's heroes in number of
school buildings, whereas a town
which has no art gallery or no
museum of science well might choose
to honor its martyred sons and
daughters by creating such build
ing. A public library, a stadium, a
park certainly can be a memorial,
but the memorial aspect of any of
them ought not to be starkly ex-
pedient. No community should
stoop to an exploitation of its dead.
Mr.. Cashmere specifically objects
to Inert statuary" as something
that the world would be better rid
Of" He also argues: Monuments
to individuals are unconvincing and
get terribly out of. date, so that the
following generation is ashamed of
them" Monuments to regiments
and other corporate groups likewise
engage his disapproval. Yet he
realizes that memorial committees
Evening star., 1945-05-16

The explosive question Of Yugoslavia's
unilateral actions both In Italy and In
Austria, together with the complica-
tions which are likely to arise in the
near future in the Aegean Sea, In
Turkey and the other areas Of Russia's
sphere of influence, formed the main
topic of conversations Monday between
President Truman and Foreign Secre-
tary Eden, according to high officials.
These new developments are over
shadowing, temporarily at least, the
San Francisco Conference.
While the world peace organization is
a matter of long-range policy, the Bal
kan powder keg threatens to explode
at any moment and unless handled with
determination and care might place the
United States in an unexpected pre-
dicament before any world organization
has taken a definite shape.
The conflict which broke out 10 days
ago between the YugoSlav government
and the Western Allies brings the U. S.
S. r. into the picture.
Marshal Tito is Russian puppet As
a member of the central Moscow Or
ganization, known in the past rs the
Comintern, he Is compelled to obey
orders from his inmedite superiors in
the Kremlin. He was loaned" to Great
Britain after the Teheran Conference
and appeared at one time to be work.
ing in close collaboration with the
British government. Because Of this
apparent allegiance to London he was
given full military support by the Brit
ish and received lease-lend materials
from the United States.
X 4 "
But last fall, after the Red armies
reached the Danube and overran Bull
garia and Romania, Tito disappeared
from the British headquarters at the
island of Wis and reported to the Rus
sian commander in chief at Bucharest,
from where he announced that he had
permitted Russian troops to cross the
Danube to nberate Yugoslavia.
He soon became offensive" to the
British. When Field Marshal Sir Har-
old Alexander dispatched a small force
of Royal Marines to the Dalmatian
port of Split to prepare for the land
ing of large expeditionary force in
tended to intercept the Germans, the
British marines were disarmed by the
Partisans and sent back to Bari with
Marshal Tito's compliments.
In order not to upset the political
Evening star., 1945-05-16
A Welcome Reputation

The American people will applaud
the Presidents fortnight disavowal,
in which he stands with General
Eisenhower, of the policy so re-
Gently announced by Director of War
Information Elmer Davis regarding
access of the German people to in
formation from the outside world.
Mr.. Davis. as the President took
pains to say, obviously was acting
in good faith and in pursuance of a
policy which was supported by
agreement on the lower levels at
SHAEF. The levels. though, were
not high enough.
The trouble with Mr.. Davis policy
was its similarity to the policy pur-
sued by the Nazis themselves. They,
too, looked on the German people as
"a sick man" who could have only
what "the doctors prescribe" in the
way of reading matter. If that is
the medicine. heaven help the pa
tient-regardless of the doctor who
administers the dose.
Ruling conquered Germany is 60
ing to be tough proposition. 1t is
going to bring into sharp contrast,
with all sorts of attendant compli-
cations, conflicting PHILOSOPHERS of
government. We shall have one
policy, the Russians will have an
other. What seems logical to the
Russians will appear contradictory,
in America, to the very fundamen-
tails for which we went to war. The
question of what the German peo-
pie shall be permitted to read is, in
relation to other things, a minor
problem. 1t is doubtful If many
Germans will have the means, if
they have the inclination, to obtain
American or British reading mat
ter. Military security will require
degree of censorship which would
be insufferable in ordinary times.
But the announcement from Of
fetal sources. before the surrender
was week old, that the German
people would be permitted to read
and to know only what the doctors
prescribe" did not sit well with the
American people and General Eisen-
hover and the President were well
advised to repudiate it.
Evening star., 1945-05-16
And Now Austria

The declaration of independence"
marking the transition to a "sov-
ereign state" announced by the
provisional Austrian government
over its Vienna radio station fur
ther cemplicates one of several
problems which have arisen in Eu-
rope between the Western Allies and
the Soviet Union.
This regime, which appeared un-
heralded at the beginning of May,
Is undoubtedly Moscow-sponsored
creation, set up without the assent
or even the previous knowledge of
either London or Washington. The
action was thus entirely unilateral.
Furthermore, it was unequivocally
against the understanding spe-
cifically publicized as far back as the
meeting at Teheran between
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stain,
whereby the big Three" declared
that the future of Austria was to
be their common concern and that
the country was to be jointly oc-
cupied by American, British and
Russian troops in designated spheres
after the expulsion or surrender of
the Germans.
The Russians were the first to
penetrate Austrian territory, COM
ing in from Hungary, capturing vi
emma, and advancing up the Danube
Valley about halfway to the German
border. Western and parts of South
ern Austria were overrun by Ameri-
can and British troops only a few
days before the German surrender
and after the unilateral establish
ment of the Vienna regime. However,
both London and Washington had,
from the first. categorically refused
to recognize the new creation, not
only because it did not square with
the Teheran agreement but also
because they had no first-hand
knowledge that it represents the
wishes of the Austrian people. It
should be understood that neither
officials nor press representatives
from America and Britain have been
allowed by the Russian military au-
thorities to reach Vienna and find
out what is the situation there. Our
sole information is through Soviet
sources.
According to such advices, the
self-styled provisional government
conforms to the pattern of other
Soviet-sponsored regimes likewise
set up unilaterally in Central Eu-
rope and the Balkans. It is headed
by DR.. Karl Renner, an aged lead
er OF the Austrian Social Demo-
cratic party, who served as chan
cellor Of the republic established in
Austria after the First World War.
DR.. Renner, who can ideologically
be best described as left-wing lib
eral,,- is thus presumably acceptable
to the Western powers. His cabi-
net represents coalition OF Social
Democrat, Christian Socialist and
Communist groups, but the key posts