davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-10-05
Western Union Dispute
Is Submitted To WLB

Washington, D. C.-Disputed issues
between the AFL coordinating board
and the Western Union Telegraph
Company were submitted to the Ma
tional War Labor Board as both sides
agreed to accept the WLB's decision
as final.
The issues in dispute cover wages
where a Csc minimum is asked by the
AFL, seniority, hours, arbitration,
hours, vacations, holidays, sickness,
death and pension benefits and the
union shop.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-10-05

Similarly, in Atlanta, which is sup
posed to be one of the highest wage
communities of Dixie, 800 jobs offered
less than 40 cents; 2,400, only 40 to
so; 3,400, from so to Is cents, and a
mere 400, over rs cents.
An analysis of the report shows the
same sort of low-wage situation in
nearly every city, North or South.
VINO officials conceded that, with liv-
ing costs what they are now, it is un-
derstandable why workers would take
such "sweatshop" wages only as a
last resort.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-10-05
AFL Hits Hostile Congress
For Blocking Labor Bills
POVERTY OR PLENTY

By Rep. A. j. Biemiller of Wisconsin
The Senate adopted an unemploy-
ment compensation bill which falls far
short of the standard urgently recon-
mended by President Truman.
The bill as passed has three good
features. 1t extends the duration of |
unemployment benefits throughout the
nation to 26 weeks. The limit now in
some states is only Is weeks Further,
the new measure grants jobless bene-
fits to almost 100000 government
employees and 100000 maritime work
ers, hitherto excluded Finally, the bill
allows up to $500 to send stranded war
workers back home to new jobs.
These are desirable improvements,
but they do not go far enough to meet
human needs during reconversion. The
Senate killed the Presidents key rec
ommendation, which called for sup
plementing the present, inadequate
state unemployment benefits with fed
eral funds to reach nationwide max
imum payment of $25 week.
Those who opposed the Presidents
recommendation, have served notice
that they intend to fight for an econ
omy of poverty and scarcity in Ameri-
ca. That challenge is accepted by the
| liberal forces in Congress who are de-
termined to press for legislation which
will encourage full production, full en-
ployment and an economy OF plenty
in our land.
The provision for $25 maximum
payment was buried under an ava
lanche of misinformation and misun-
derstanding. The argument was made
that paying the unemployed $25 a
week would encourage idleness. Yet
the law specifically provides that ap-
plicants must declare their willingness
to accept suitable employment before
they can become eligible to receive
compensation. The impression was fos-
tered that every unemployed worker
would get $25 week. But unemploy-
ment insurance is based on previous
earnings and the $25 maximum would
go only to those who earned more than
$50 a week in their former jobs.
The danger is that inadequate un-
employment insurance will dry up pur
chasing power, frighten workers and
cause production to shrink because OF
/ lack of customers. The only ones who
object to a decent standard Of unenl-
ployment insurance are a handful OF
selfish employers who would like to
starve labor into accepting low-paid
jobs.
There is still time and opportunity
to redeem the error when the bill
comes to the House Of Representatives
but only if public opinion makes it.
self felt. At present the House is in
no mood to improve the Senate bill.
But it's mood can be changed and you
can do it. Write to your Congressman
today and tell him how you feel about
this legislation. If enough people write
soon enough we can get quick action
| on a good law.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-10-05
Legion Club Rooms
Open October 18th

Oxford, Ohio.-Club rooms of the
Coulter Williams American Legion
Post, will be thrown open October IL
to returned servicemen enrolled at
Miami University, Commander E. M.
Kennel reported. Miami has nearly
$50 discharged servicemen among it's
2,250 students this fall, and more are
being enrolled daily as the armed
forces hasten the separation process.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13
A Necessary Control

The new 1nteragency Committee
on Foreign Shipments has been es-
tablished not a day too early. The
progress of the war has caused a
sharp increase in calls from abroad
for food and other supplies from the
United States. Meanwhile, however,
direct military needs and the strain
on shipping have not diminished,
and it is fact that our national re-
sources are definitely limited. Ac-
cordingly, without some effective
overall supervisory control, the
effort to meet the ever-growing
overseas requests might easily be-
come wasteful and chaotic.
AS set up by James F. Byrnes,
director of war mobilization and
reconversion, the new committee is
charged with the responsibility of
co-ordinating foreign shipments and
evaluating them in terms of the Ma
TONS capacity to make them. Headed
by Leo T. Crowley of the Foreign
Economic Administration and made
up of representatives of the War
Food Administration, the War Ship
ping Administration, the War Pro-
duction Board, and the War. Navy
and State Departments, the commit
tee is so empowered that its approval
must first be had before any Govern
ment agency enters into any COM
mitments for the export of supplies
beyond those for essential military
purposes. In addition, it has the
power to reconsider and possibly re-
ject or reduce past commitments
which now appear capable of full
flllment only with serious impact on
our civilian economy"
Mr.. Byrnes' letter on the subject
repeatedly emphasizes the impor-
lance of keeping the home front in
mind. Our foreign commitments, !"
1T declares, must not be allowed to
disrupt our own economy to such an
extent that its capabilities to meet
us own needS as well as the needs of
others will be reduced" The new
committee, therefore, is to work out
a program under which all military
demands will have first priority,
with relief requirements in the i'm
mediate wake of battle being given
the next priority after that. But all
other requirements for aid. rehabil-
itation and other export purposes
take third place and must be eval-
uated against our own minimum
essential civilian needs. including
those incident to reconversion after
Germany's defeat.
The United States can be counted
upon to extend all possible assist
ance, but as Mr.. Byrnes makes clear,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The eleventh-hour effort of the ad-
ministration to obtain from Congress
"work-or-fight' law to provide SUM-
clent manpower in essential war indus
tries failed to shake the Senate into
compllance-although such a measure
the May bill-passed the House. The
end OF the struggle over this legisla-
ton may be postponed for sometime.
Indeed, the type of legislation finally
enacted, II any, may be determined by
the fast-moving progress of the war
in Europe
The administration, having for years
been reluctant to go to a 'work-or-
fight" law for labor. although frequent
strikes and work stoppages threatened
and slowed up war production, got its
courage up last fall and early winter,
when it looked as though the oft-pre-
dicted overthrow Of Germany would be
considerably delayed. Further, there
was an increase of resentment in the
armed forces because of the fact that
while they were drafted to fight and
risk death, there was an unwillingness
on the home front to force labor to
materials of war.
-
During all those years-and during
the national political campaign last
year-the administration leaders, from
the President down, extolled the mag
nif1cent war production in this country.
They hailed it as a marvel-as it was
That being the case, 1t has been difn-
cult for labor, industry and-in the
most recent instance-the Senate to
swallow the new demand of the adj
ministration for work-or-fght law.
Indeed, the legislators and a lot of
other people were utterly confused.
They were all anxious to have the
maximum war production-certainly all
that was needed But having been told
repeatedly that this was provided UNI
der the so-called voluntary system. they
hesitated to adopt a rigid law, which.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13
French Indo-Chinu

The current crisis which has arisen
in French Indo- China reveals the
crumbling foundations Of the jerry
built Japanese colonial empire in
Southeastern Asia. For Tokyo it is
doubly serious because, with the
opening of japanese land commune
cations across China. the dominated
French colony is the vital link with
Thailand. Burma, Malaga and the
Dutch Indies, now that the sea lanes
between those countries and Japan
are being ruptured by American air
and naval power exerted from the
Philippines.
French Indo-China was one of the
first prizes in the Japanese campaign
of aggression to the southwark. The
collapse of France to Germany in
the summer of 1910 left it's big Ash
attic colony isolated and exposed to
Axis pressure, since the colonial
authorities gave their allegiance to
the Vichy regime and obeyed its
orders. Accordingly, the governor
general, Admiral Decoux, acceded to
series of japanese demands which
quickly transformed the colony into
virtual japanese protectorate, with
strong japanese forces in the coun-
try. However, the French troops
were not disarmed and the French
administration continued to func-
ton with little direct interference
from Tokyo, This suited Japanese
policy, because it relieved them from
the burden of directly occupying and
governing a region twice as large as
Japan itself with nearly 25.O00.0O0
inhabitants. Also, it threw upon the
French authorities the onus of carry
ing out burdensome economic meas
ures dictated by Tokyo for Japan's
benefit.
The situation began to change
with the liberation of France by the
Allied invasion last summer, the
evaporation of the Vichy regime and
the establishment at Paris of ma
tional government headed by Gen.
eral de Gaulle. When Tokyo put
pressure on Admiral Decoux to dis
avow the new Paris government and
adhere openly to the japanese Co
prosperity sphere" the governor
general first temporized and then
fatty refused. Meanwhile. the Japa-
nese found the French authorities
throughout Indo-China less cooper
alive while the native population
grew FESTIVE and even openly rebel
lious against japanese domination.
All this has prompted the japanese
officials to take drastic measures,
including the disarmament Of the
French troops, white and native,
within the colony. Although full
details are lacking, it seems appar-
ent that the japanese are taking
over full control. This. however,
means that they must assume heavy
burdens in holding down a latently
rebellious Indo-China at the very
moment when Allied pressure is
mounting from without. The indi-
cations are that, for Japan, Indo-
China will soon shift from an asset
into liability.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13
German Munpower

A fairly good idea of the man.
power problem bedevilling the Ger
man Army can be had from the
- latest official figures on prisoners
taken on the western front since the
landings in Normandy. The total,
which is being increased daily by
mopping-up operations on the Rhine,
now stands at well over 100000.
This figures covers only captives; it
does not cover the hundreds of thou
sands of enemy troops killed and
wounded.
In the last nine months, in other
words, the Nazi high command has
lost on the western front-in killed,
wounded, missing and prisoners
roughly as many men as General
Eisenhower today has at his disposal.
But this staggering loss represents
merely a part of the picture. For
during the same period, in addition
to relatively minor casualties in
Italy, the German Army's losses in
the east have been comparable to
those in the west. SO that it's man
power situation may safely be
regarded as critical, if not at the
breaking point. This is one of the
several important factors that make
Germany's downfall seem only a
matter OF how much longer the
country will be willing to call down
more ruin upon itself even when it
knows that its defeat is inevitable.
Under such conditions the Nazi
demand for continued resistance is
something which Ludendorff and
Hindenburg would have considered
sheer suicidal madness. The bottom
OF the manpower barrel has been
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13

they insisted, might or might not bring
better results.
Further, as victory after victory over
the Nazis, both on the western and east
ern fronts, has been announced in
recent weeks the question in minds of
the legislators over the need of this
compulsory legislation for the workers
intensified. But. backed by the recon-
mendations of the leading military and
naval figures in the country, the meas
ure did pass the House, despite the
reluctance to adopt a system which
compelled men to work for private en-
ployers, even though those employers
were producing weapons and materials
for the prosecution of the war.
When the bill reached the Senate
Military Affairs Committee, and finally
the Senate itself, so great progress had
been made in the war in Europe and in
the Pacific area that resistance to this
kind of legislation stiffened materially
The result was the ditching of the May
bill, despite renewed requests for its
passage by the President. Indeed the
President no later than Saturday again
insisted that voluntary methods had
failed to produce the manpower for the
war effort.
The Senate bill-now passed bv that
body-in reality follows the labor-re-
cruiting program of the War Manpower
Commission. giving that program the
authority of law which it has not had
In the past. 1t seeks to force workers
out of nonessential plants and into war
plants.
What will finally happen in regard to
this legislation will depend probably on
the immediate future of war progress.
Indeed. there has been more than
suspicion that some of the legislators
were deliberately playing for time-hop-
Ing that there may be collapse in NaN
Germany or such a break through that
would mean the end was in sight.
The administrations mistake was In
not seeking this compulsory legislation
early in the war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13

From the st. Louis Star-Times.
An unof1cial report that Allied air
chiefs had decided in favor of policy
of terror raids on Germany-raids in
tended only to break the morale of Ger
man civilians and not aimed at any di-
rect military objective evoked dis
turbed protests in the United States and
even more of them in England, despite
that country's suffering under the bar
rage of aimless va robot bombs.
1t is reassuring, therefore, to have
Secretary of War Stimson declare that
the report was based on an "excusable
but incorrect Interpretation" Of the re-
marks of briefing ofhcer. "Our policy
has never been to inflict terror bombing
on civilian populations" Stimson added
We do not make war on noncombatant
women and children.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13
This Changing World
By Constantine Byosvn

In the last two weeks Romania-a
small country compared with the great
European powers-has become the most
sensitive point In the relationship
Z among the Big Three concerning the
carrying out of the Yalta agreements.
Although only meager reports are being
published about developments in Bucha-
rest, the highest authorities in Washing
ton and London admit that they are
concerned.
The Romanian personalities involved
In the recent political seesaw are OF
little consequence. What is Worrying
our State Department and the British
Foreign Once is that so soon after the
Crimea' Conference was ended in full
harmony, the ugly head OF "unlateral
action" seems to have been raised again.
Soon after Mr. Roosevelt,s return to
Washington political crisis developed
In Bucharest. Gen. Nicholae Radescu,
who had been appointed Premier of
Romania with the full approval of the
Russian government, was overt thrown
by the new Democratic Front"
Thus far nothing happened to upset
the Yalta apple cart. King Michael adj
vised the representatives of the Big
Three that he was charging Prince
Barbu Stirbey with the task of FORM
ing new government. In the mean
time, Vice Commissar Andri Vishinsky
flew over from Moscow and took the
whole matter in hand. When Stirbey
was unable to form the government,
Peter Groza, man known for COM
munistic leanings, was placed at the
head OF the cabinet. The political views
OF the new Prime Minister are of no
consequence to Washington and Lon
don. But the British and American
governments were astonished that they
had not been consulted when Groza
was selected by Vishinsky to head the
new administration.
During the ministerial crisis. some
OF the highest officials in Romania are
reported to have appealed to American
authorities In Bucharest for shelter on
the plea that their lives were endan-
gered by the purges which the new gov
eminent had pledged itself to carry out.
The Americans informed Washington
that these people had made the appeals
on the ground that they were political
refugees. In order not to upset the
4alta agreement, Washington decided
to turn them down.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13

Giving the men refuge would have
been interpreted by Moscow as q
"unilateral action" and the American
Government was determined to do
nothing which would give Premier
Stain the impression that we were
disregarding the Crimea agreements
The British government, however, was
more disturbed by this unilateral action
OF Vice Commissar Vishinsky and when
the former Romanian Premier, Gen.
Radescu, appealed for refuge he was
allowed to come to the British Legation
and thus enjoy immunity from arrest.
The Foreign ONCE decided to mark its
attitude by making public its decision
to shelter Radescu as political refugee.
According to reports which the United
States Government has been receiving
from Romania, the Communist party
represents only about per cent of the
total Romanian population. In order
to strengthen the hands of Premier
Groza, MOSCOW announced last Satur-
day that the portion of Transylvania
which had been handed over to the
Hungarians by the previous Fascist
government OF King Michael, was being
returned to the Romanians.
This was another bombshell thrown at
the State Department and the Foreign
ONCE.
Hungary, like Romania, had signed
an armistice with the Big Three. Ac-
cording to the Yalta agreements, the
Russians were not entitled to dispose of
the territories of either satellite with
out previous consultation and agree
ment with Washington and London.
1t Is probable that neither the United
States nor the British government would
have objected either to the placement
OF Groza at the head of the Bucharest
government or to the return of Transyl-
vania to its rightful owners.
But since it had been agreed at the
Cr1mea Conference that none of the
three governments would do anything
without consulting the others. the
single-handed action of the Soviet gov
eminent necessarily was regarded as a,
departure from the agreements signed
less than month ago.
The whole matter is now being taken
up with the Moscow government by
Ambassador Hartman and it is hoped
that he will obtain some satisfactory
explanation together with a promise
that the Yalta agreements henceforth
VIII be scrupulously observed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-13

seen by comparing the communicates
with map.
The Remagen area lies on the Rhine
between Cologne and Coblenz. The
Germans cannot use the main railway
paralleling the Rhine because it Is
interdicted by American artillery. They
must. therefore, make a detour in
coming down from their principal con-
centration area i'm the Ruhr. Or they
must come from the interior of Ger
many. In the latter case, they must
come either through Kassel, to the
northeast, or through Frankfurt, to the
southeast
tThere are, of course, secondary lines
In between; but this is like saying that
to 60 from New York to Kansas City
you must go either through Chicago
or st. Louis. You could avoid both
places by using secondary lines through
Peoria, for example, but it would take
much longer and the lines have far
less capacity
The base line Is the main north south
double-track railway between Kassel
and Frankfurt. About midway is the
junction of Giessen; here a double
track line branches westward, divides
into two at Wetzler, and continues
northwest to Cologne, southwest to
Coblenz. 1t is into the triangle formed
by these two lines and the Rhine that
the Germans must bring troops in order
to throw a counterattack against our
Remagen bridgehead.
From the north, this triangle can
best be reached by the Germans by the
main railway running south from Dort-
mund, in the Ruhr Valley, to Siegen, a
little southeast of Cologne, where 1t
also divides into two branches (south-
east and southwest which join the
Cologne main line at Dillen-
burg and Betzdorf, respectively.
East of the Rhine between Cologne
and Coblenz there is a network of
second class railways between the arms
of the main triangle referred to above.
Now see what has been happening.
We crossed the Rhine on the 7th Of
March. On the 9Th our heavy bombers
hit Siegen, Betzdorf, Dillenburg and
Giessen. On the eth they went for the
railway yards at Kassel and Frank
furt. On the 10th they were back
after Siegen again, and on the 18th
they hit Siegen. Betzdorf, Dillenburg,
Wetzler and also the Kassel- Frankfurt
base line both north and south Of
Giessen. On the 10th, 18th and 18th
our tactical bomhers attacked road and
rail functions in the area between the
arms OF the main triangle over : So
mile front directly on the approaches
to the bridgehead.
This Is well planned. effective Co
operation between air and ground