davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
AIR POWER LEAGUE
LOOKS TO FUTURE
Nv TRUDI MCCULLOUGH
AP Newsfeatures Writer

NEW YORK, Dec. 1o-P- The
one-year-old Air Power League is
proposing an "air force out of
uniform as an integral part OF
the nations future fighting
strength.
eff it is as natural for every boy
to fly a plane as to drive an auto
mobile" says Col. Howard Angus,
executive vice president OF the
League, "if flying becomes a part
Of the everyday life Of the people,
we will have an air force out OF
miorm, but in being"
The League. which is headed by
Charles E. Wilson, of General
Electric, and numbers the heads
Of many major aircraft companies
among its directors, has the en-
dorsement and interest of both the
Army and Navy Air Forces.
Naturally, the League isn't over
looking the need for strong all
force as part of the military es
tablishment, nor the need for E
stabilized aircraft industry ane
adequate research. They're par
of the program, too, but much
weight is behind the "air force ou
of Uniform" idea.
Oddly enough, the program il
not aimed at getting more people
to fly; there doesn't seem to be ;
need for that. Since VI Day, pri
vate pilots Licenses are being TAX
en- out at the rate Of 5000 month
Lester OFT, who has just writer
THE Standard Guide To Privat
Planes" after a nationwide survey
predicts that the United States vii
have 100000 personal planes an
100000 licensed pilots of bot
sexes, within five years.
So the Air Power League is aim
ing at creating airports and trans
portation feeder lines, providin
the facilities for flying. 1t is pre-
noting air power clubs which
hopes to see mushroom so thickl
that filling stations will soon b
equipped with runaways.
when the automobile was jus
a pleasure" says Colonel Angu.
who has just returned from a clut
founding tour. "You had road
rutted by wagon wheels. The car
would get in the ruts and woul
sputter and stall. You had irat
farmers. Horses SHE'D, chicken
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
ITALIAN PLAY CAST
TO HOLD FULL DRESS
REHEARSAL DEC. IL

William B. Campbell, Jr., who is
directing the Thalian's play,
George Washington Slept Here,
announced yesterday that q dress
rehearsal Of the cast will be held
Wednesday night.
The play, first major production
of the current season Of the Thai
ian association will be presented
Thursday and Friday nights, Dec.
IS and IA.
A movie has been made Of the
popular Broadway production
which is described as guaranteed
nirth-maker.
The play abounds in amusing in
cidents as a city-bred character.
Newton Fuller, attempts to acquire
that little place in the country"
A high-pressure real estate agent
enters into the play and his at
tempts to palm off, a bit Of real
estate with no value, other than
historical, keep the dialogue NOV
ins at a fast and nixthful rate.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
RADIO
. NMFD WAniagtss
1900 Kc
TUESDAY. DECEMBEk IL

TUESDAY, DECEMBER IL
7s30-Family Altar
7:45-Musical Clock
8:o0-News with Martin AGronsky
S:15-Louise Massey and the Western.
ers. y
8:3o-Musical Clock.
s:45-UP News.
s:50-Musical Clock.
s:00-The Breakfast Club with Don Nc
Neil
1o:00-My True Story
1o:25-Betty Croker
10:30-Hymns of all Churches
10:45-The Listening Post.
11:0Q-Breakfast in Hollywood Tom
11:3o-Kellogg's Home Edition
II :45-Ted Malone
12:60-Glamour Manor
p :3o-Club Matinee
P. NJ.
l oo-Bukhage Talking
1:15-Musical Interlude
Observation-Disclosures n Star-News
1:30-Let's Dance
2:00-John B. Kennedy - News
2:15-Ethel and Albert
2:3o-The Fitzgeralds
2:45-Time Views the News
3:00-Al Pearce
3 :30-Ladies Be Seated
4:00--Jack Berch and Boys
4:15-Bride and Groom
4:45-Hop Harrigan .-- .-
5:00-Terry and the Pirates
5:15-Let's Dance
5:30-The Baptist Hour
5:45-Music for Millions
6:00-Kiernan's News Corner
6:15-Musical Interlude and Sports
6:?0-News - Wilmington Star-NeWs -.
6:2O-News = Wilmington star-News
6:30-Your Richfield Reporter
6:45-Let's Dance
7:00-Headline Edition
7:15-Raymond Swing
7:30-Let's Dance
S:o0-Carolina Playboys
8:15-Elmer Davis
6:30-Alan Young Show
9:00-Guy Lombardo and Orchestra
9:30-Doctor Talks 1t Over
9:45-The Gallie Sisters
9:51Coronet Front Page
10:00-Concert Time
10:30-Gay Claridge's Chez Paree Orches
ira.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
WARNING ISSUED 3

NEW BERN, Dec. 10. - Warning
against consumption of illicit liquor
during the Christmas season has
been issued by county officials, who
found that distillers at a 100-gal-
Ion still in the Craven Corner Sec
ton had broken glass containers of
molasses in their mash instead Of
taking more time to open the jars,
pour out the molasses and then
throw away the containers. The
officers warned that some of the
glass might have remained in the
liquor.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
CONTRACTS LET

NEW BERN, Dec. 10.-Purchase
of a new city power plant at cost of
$345, 273 has been officially voted by
city aldermen. Contracts for the
diesel engines and generators and
the cooling tower went to the Ma
tional Supply company, and a con-
tract for the switch-gear was given
to the Westinghouse Electric and
Manufa curing company.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11

Little girls in Switzerland re-
ceive their presents from Father
Christmas wife, called Lucy,
while Father Christmas remem-
hers the little Swiss bows.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11

Construction of the Union Paci-
fic railroad was completed through
Wyoming in 1863
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11
ITCHING SKII'
Sufferers"

vv.,,, '77'70HH07Z
HAVE you tried Resinol DIM,
ment for relief? 1t, sp.e G,I',
blended medication gently ,orS.,
fiery itching of Simple nil., Is
eczema, common rashes and o, ",
skin lrritations externally em~d
just battle with mild R.,isol
Soap and apply soothing Re, S,uJ'
Relief usually follows ouickI
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-12-11

ongst
E.
Wilmington manager
Evening star., 1945-08-31

the arts and the sciences, encour-
aging schools, rewarding scholars.
Meanwhile, a fundamental law of
life was at work. Slowly, genera
ton after generation, the south alb
sorbed the north, the Chinese i'm
pressed their seal" upon their toler-
ant masters. At last, "there is no
means of distinguishing between
members of the two peoples; they
are in effect one and the same"
Historians explain the disappear
ance of the authentic Manchus by
saying that their period of greatest
activity was "too highly concen-
trated." They were like a candle
burning at both ends. So their tale
is told, and pathetic little Mr.. Pu-Yi,
a guest of the Soviets at the mo-
ment, is what printers describe as
a full point'-a conclusive period
to a Somber narrative.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Too Abrupt an End

In directing Federal Works Ad-
ministrator Philip B. Fleming to
report to Congress on Nation-wid
survey Of the need for continuing
child-care centers, established with
Lanham Act funds for the children
Of war working mothers, the Presi-
dent puts stress on the possibility of
continuing the centers necessary
for servicemen's wives" Some of
these mothers have an appealing
argument as to the retention of the
centers. The fact that their hus-
bands are in the service requires
them to become breadwinners them
selves and without day care for their
children they are seriously handi-
capped.
Recent figures on a survey of the
families in the District using the
child-care centers indicate that in
about 33 per cent of the cases the
husband is in the service and is
still away from home Another 30
per cent Of the mothers reported
themselves as being the sole support
of their families. In practically no
cases have the mothers been in
formed that the work which en-
titled them to use of the centers
was being eliminated because the
war was over.
These figures are not complete,
nor are they necessarily indicative
OF what the figures gathered on a
Nationwide basis will show. Yet
they are sufficient to suggest that
Congress will be presented with a
rather convincing case as to the
need to continue it's support of the
centers for at least portion of the
mothers who benefit by their op-
Grafton. For while the fighting war
is over, the war is no more over for
many Of the mothers than it is for
their husbands who face indefinite
retention in the service. And If the
war work was of sufficient import
ance in the beginning to bring about
establishment of the centers, that
part which continues after the fight
ing is equally important
The Federal Works Administra-
ton has consistently warned that
the end of the fighting would mean
the shutdown of Federal aid. But
perhaps the closing now contem-
plated is too abrupt. General Flem-
ings report may indicate a definite
need to taper off, rather than merely
to halt, the Federal Governments
support.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
AIreody Collected

From the standpoint of logic and
plain common sense, President Tru-
man Is on unassailable ground In
advocating in his report to Congress
that virtually all lease-lend obliga-
tions be considered cancelled.
This proposal, which was clearly
foreshadowed as far back as 1910
when the late President Roosevelt
first discussed the subject, is fully in
keeping with the letter and spirit of
the Lease-Lend Act. The act-an
"Act to Promote the Defense of the
United States"-was drawn up and
enacted as an instrument designed
to serve our own security and at the
same time avoid the grave interna-
tional troubles that grew out of the
unpayable debts contracted by our
Allies in the First World War.
But wholly apart from the legal
phase of it-and the act authorizes
the President to make lease-lend
settlements in any way he deems
satisfactory" Mr.. Truman's pro-
posal Is completely realistic. 1t is
realistic because, If we were to insist
on trying to collect the forty-two
billion dollars we have expended on
the project-about Is per cent of our
total war expenditures-wor COM
merce would be frozen, and the eff
feet on our production, our en-
ployment and our hope for a de-
cent and lasting peace would be,
as the President says, disastrous.
Moreover, although some cash ar
rangements or payments in kind
probably will be worked out on items
like machine tools and heavy equip
ment useful for nonwar purposes,
it would doubtless be economically
pointless to seek the return to us of
many unexpended implements of
war furnished to our Allies.
Fairness, too, marks the Presi-
dents proposal, for the fact is that
our Allies. in terms of their own
national income, and making full
allowance for our lease-lend outlays,
have each spent approximately as
much cash as we have in fighting
the war. Besides that, in terms of
valor and blood, they have made
contribution that def1es calculation
on a dollar-and-cents basis. Had
we not helped ourselves by helping
them, had they not fought 30
bravely with that help, they would
almost certainly have gone down,
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Pearl Hurbor Contradictions

The case of Admiral Stark seems
rather typical of the curiously con-
Trajectory opinions which form so
large a part of the written records
available to the public concerning
Pearl Harbor.
Concerning him, the Secretary of
the Navy directs that "he shall not
hold any position in the United
States Navy which requires the ex-
ercise of superior judgment" AS
Admiral Stark passed statutory re-
tirement age last November. is now
on leave and is referred to by Mr.
Forrestal as "retired"-though Navy
records indicate he is still on active
status-it is improbable that in any
circumstances he would be assigned
further duty requiring the exercise
of superior judgment. In other words,
the Secretary's finding can have no
practical application and becomes
merely lasting slur on Admiral
Stark's record
Again, Admiral Stark's alleged
failures, for which he was criticized
by Secretary Forrestal and Admiral
King, occurred in the course of his
duties as chief of naval operations
before December 7, 1941. But on
April 9, 1912, Admiral Stark was
called to the White House and there
he was decorated with the Gold Star
in lieu of second Navy decora-
tion-by President Roosevelt for his
meritorious discharge of duties in
volving superior judgment as chief
of naval operations.
1t was Admiral Stark's alleged
derelictions before 1912 which rem
ders him unfit, in the Secretarys
opinion. for further duty requiring
the exercise of superior Judgment
Yet in March of 1912 he was as
signed as commander of United
States Naval Forces in Europe and
as commander of the Twelfth Fleet,
duties Of which he was not relieved
until August 16, 1945 And it was
his meritorious performance of these
duties, calling for exercise "of great
responsibility" that the Army deco
rated Admiral Stark only recently
with the Distinguished Service
Medal.
President Truman's conclusion,
after reading the complete text of
the bulky reports on Pearl Harbor,
was that "the whole thing is the
result of the policy which the coun-
try itself pursued" Most fair-mind-
ed readers of the complete text will
agree with the President as to the
validity of the generalization. It is a
fact, however, that individuals stand
specifically charged with certain
failures contributing to the Pearl
Harbor debacle and that trial by
court-martial offers them the only
satisfactory opportunity to clear
their records. 1t seems reasonable
to suppose that at least some of
those who have been accused will
insist on this opportunity for their
own defense.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

In principle, President Truman in his
letter to the congressional committees
on military affairs abandons the idea
OF universal selective service in peace
time. In principle he accepts the the
ory OF voluntary service for occupation
purposes but expresses fear that in
sufficient numbers will volunteer and
therefore asks Congress to prolong the
draft bill in order to induct supple
mentary youth between the ages of 18
and 25
The main objection against teen-age
induction Is that more mature men
would be better for occupation purposes.
The main argument for the continuance
OF selective service is that we owe it
to our veterans that they come home
quickly.
l am inclined to think that neither
the pros nor cons are speaking to the
point.
1t has been estimated that the occu-
patton forces needed to police Germany
will not exceed quarter million men,
or half the numbers originally con-
templated. The reasons are: The pop
ulatlon is more docile than expected
and the atomic bomb.
For the same reasons the japanese
occupational forces will not have to be
huge, and there we have the additional
advantage Of a working government
pledged to cooperate with the occupa-
ton.
4
The Army estimates that between now
and next July we can only raise 300 900
men by voluntary enlistment. Some
congressman doubt this, if a real re-
cruiting campaign is put on. With the
outlook for temporary unemployment
crisis, incline to doubt it also.
But the issue is not whether we can
raise. by volunteer enlistment, sufficient
forces for occupational purposes The
issue is whether it is wise at this point
to abandon selective service. There
we are not altogether free to decide
The answer depends on what other
nations do.
With the exception of the defeated
nations all intend to have huge con-
Evening star., 1945-08-31

scrlpted armies. The counterargument
TO this is that We needn't care; we have
the worlds largest Navy and air power;
we have the highest technology-and We
have the atomic bomb.
But how long will this argument
hold? Only while some other country
does not get the atomic bomb The esti-
mate on that is from two to five years.
In pure military terms. the argument
for conscription is not that it creates
huge standing Army. because it does
not necessarily do so, but that it creates
trained Nation that can be called UP
at any moment. At present we have a
trained Nation. But five years from
now many of the present veterans will
be over age, and the youngsters will not
have had the training.
Military experts are saying that the
next war"-horrible words-will not
be fought with huge armies, but with
robots, V weapons. rockets, super super
bombers and atomic science. But that
is not sure.
This war was not fought with poison
gas only for the reason that everybody
had it. Mussolini used it against Ethi-
opia, but did not dare to use it against
Britain. We dared to use the atomic
bomb against Japan; despite the propa-
ganda for it we did not use poison gas
There was too much possibility of re-
prisal. Thus there may be international
agreements to outlaw the atomic bomb
and other super weapons, and these
agreements may be kept.
do not say this to reassure the
public about these weapons On the
contrary. I would like to arouse the
public which after the first sensation
seems to be settling down to life with
the atomic bomb. I have said it before
and I shall say it oh every possible
occasion that Dumbarton Oaks and the
San Francisco Charter were blown into
the air with Hiroshima and Nagaski
But the question of selective service
still cannot stand or fall with the
atomic bomb. In the world, as it is, a
great nation must train its youth for
war
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Military Responsibility
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

1t is obviously impossible to make any
extended analysis of the reports of the
Army and Navy courts of inquiry on the
Pearl Harbor disaster, or the remarks
of superior authority on these proceed
ings. until there has been time to read
carefully the full official text of these
very lengthy documents.
1t is indeed, unfortunate that the
text could not have been made available
for study by press and radio commen-
tators and editorial writers several days
in advance of the official release date
Since this was not done, we must ex-
pect a considerable amount of half
baked comment, to the volume of which
this writer has no inclination to add.
There are, however certain general
observations which may be appropriate
and do not come under the head of de-
tailed analysis of the reports.
In the first place, 1t Is the very foun-
dation stone in the edifice of military
responsibility that nothing can relieve
an officer from his overall responsibility
for the security of his command. If
his instructions are inadequate, or even
totally at variance with the facts, he
must nevertheless see to it that he is not
surprised by any action of the enemy
If at war. or of potential enemy when
war is threatened
1t is not necessary, 1t is not required
that commander should be constantly
prodded and reminded by his superiors
that he must do this, that and the
other thing which may be necessary to
maintain security. He is supposed to
know what to do, and he is supposed to
take the proper measures without being
told. There Is some doubt as to how
much the responsible commanders at
Pearl Harbor were told of the details
of our relations with Japan and of the
progressive deterioration of those rela-
tions; but there is no doubt at all that
they knew that the relations were be-
coming strained, and there is no doubt
at all that under such conditions the
security of the base and feet required
measures of far different character than
those already taken.
A single example will serve to drive
home this point: What excuse can there
possibly be for commander in chief
who allows, in the carrying out of mere
routine, the collection at one time in
a single restricted harbor area of every
effective battleship he possesses-when
he knows that strained relations exist
between his country and the only other
naval power In the ocean In which he
u operaNng9 And particularly when
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Ooxuco Basket Weaver

scanned ov the tiger -cla,os of years, her
g. !nsc1ntaole and patient as a stone,
Sne 'oeaoes her baskets in the market.
place,
Luxe an OLD idol, forgotten and ur.
knotDn.
onts her fingers ninable as bro,pn fishes.
Dart through the reeds and grasses
OF her art,
,Dishes,
They and the ,pon,an centuries apart.
Hoto many burning suns and lop whtts
stars
Are braided IN this shape, this senttens
space,
Thdt has kno,Dn laughter. bread ana
loDe aud tpdrs-
ana sttU Il ipopen In the market ps0ces
YETZA GILLESPIE
Evening star., 1945-08-31
The Munchus

When Henry Pu-Yi was cap
tured" by the Red Army recently,
the power of the Manchu dynasty
to which he belonged came to a
finish. It had been revived in theory
by the Japanese in 1884, but the
world at large was not deceived by
the pretense. Twice previously "the
boy emperor" had been placed on
throne. He had succeeded his father,
kuang Hsu, in 1908 when he was
only two years old and he had been
dragged out of obscurity again in
1917 when he was eleven and Chang
HSun engineered a restoration which
lasted just a week and then COL
lapsed. Also, he had been briefly
the "chief executive" of the "provi-
sional government" set up at Muk-
den by the Japs after the incident"
there in 1881.
At no time, however, had MIR.
Pu-Yi achieved any distinction
worthy of his famous ancestors. The
original Manchus were a vigorous
and passionate people who con-
quered wherever they marched. Be-
ginning as fishers and hunters lin
guistically and culturally connected
with the Eastern fungus and per-
haps representing a very ancient
mixture of Alpine and Yellow stocks,
they had organized their might on
the basis of hereditary militia
financed by the imperial treasury to
which ultimately all China contrib
uted. Moving south, they took over
but did not greatly change the ad-
ministrative procedures they en-
countered. Thus they gained con-
troll of vast areas of the Asiatic
mainland without stirring up re-
sistance worthy of the name. They
Justified themselves by promoting
Evening star., 1945-08-31

vital strategic territories, Hawaii and
the Panama Canal, were his RESPONSE
bility.
In the summer of 1910, after the first
selective service bill was passed to or
ganize an army for the defense of this
country, a general headquarters was
created. Gen. Marshall maintained his
position as chief of staff, but was ap-
pointed commander of the newly Gre
ated force.
A general headquarters was organized,
with 1t. Gen. Lesley McNair as chief
of staff to Gen. Marshall and Gen. Mark
Clark as chief of G-3 Organization and
training. He thus became burdened
with the dual responsibility of chief
of staff and commander of the Army
and Air Force in the United States,
Panama and Hawaii. In his latter ca
pacity it was up to him to see that
nothing affecting the security of the
forces under his direct orders was over
looked or neglected 1t was only in
March, 1912, that general Headquarters
were abolished-by executive circular
No. 59-and the Army was divided into
three autonomous services-the Ground
Force, the Air Force and the Service
Force Until that time Gen. Marshall
had the responsibilities of field COM
mander.
Why the commanders on the SPOT in
Hawaii were not even as fully informed
as neWSpapermen in Washington about
the inevitability and imminence of the
crisis still remains mystery Officers
of the Army and Navy knew about the
impending attack and shared their
knowledge with newspaper friends.
Thus on November 20, 1941, this column
carried the following estimate which had
been obtained from officials in the serv-
ice departments: The earlier estimate
of high officials in Washington that a
crisis may be expected within 80, so or
80 days has narrowed now to a few
days. The japanese reply to the last
American note in all likelihood will be
the salvos of their men of war"
The Navy does not attempt to find any
extenuating circumstances for lack of
superior judgment" on the part of
Admiral Stark. Navy Secretary For
restal, who was only an Assistant Secre-
tary under Col. Frank Knox, feels that
he must give some satisfaction to public
opinion and has announced that Ad-
miral Stark will never be recalled into
active duty in any position in which the
exercise of superior judgment may be
necessary"
This is like locking the stable doors
after the horses have run away.