davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
ABC: How New Allied Psychological Warfare "

\ LIED psychological warfare
n in the Pacific has taken a ma
jor stride in keeping with the
mounting crescendo of physical
blows being rained upon Japan.
From now on it will be directed
at the people of Japan as well as at
their rulers.
Premier Kantaro Suzuki, pretend
ing contempt in his public rejection of
the Potsdam ultimatum of honorable
unconditional surrender, would seem
to leave no choice except the alterna-
tive of complete destruction of Jap
anese armed forces and utter devasta-
ton of Japan
War in the Orient, like that in
Europe, will, on the face of enemy
statements, have to be fought to the
bitter end. Japan's leaders, like those
of Nazi Germany, appear to have
chosen to put their country and their
people to the torch in hopeless at
tempt to save their own skins.
The psychological goal from now on
will be to bring home to the people
where responsibility for that decision
lies-with the war lords and with the
Emperor.
The Emperor Cult
Since the early days of the war,
U. S. propaganda has sought to differ
entiate between the Emperor and the
iron-handed Gumbatsu, Nippon's mil
itary clique. 1t blasted at the war
lords but treated the Mikado with
diplomacy and respect. 1t stressed to
Japanese citizens and soldiers that
surrender did not necessarily mean
the end of Emperor worship.
This policy was adopted in the be-
lief that the Emperor was a figure
head in the grip of the war lords and
might be used to American advantage
in the postwar period as a religious
symbol. It was expedient, too, to avoid
arousing the blood lust and religious
fervor of a barbarous foe in whose
hands were thousands of American
captives.
Attempts were made to induce jap
anese industrialists and other power
full national groups to come to the aid
of the Emperor and unseat the mill
tary leaders, or at least force change
in their policies. The Potsdam ulti-
matum, offering surrender with bene-
fits under the Atlantic Charter, was
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

to French authorities.
Laval was to stand trial as traitor
to France but first he was to appear
on a much more dramatic stage as
witness in the trial of Marshal Henri
Philippe Petain, former head of the
Vichy State.
Laval was blamed by Petain for
criminal acts committed by the Vichy
State and blamed, too, by the prose-
cution as the principal conspirator
in a plot to bring Petain to the head
of dictatorship. He looked haggard,
in keeping with his role of the most
hated man in France.
Other witnesses detailed the tragic
events in May, 1910. leading up to the
armistice with Hitler and creation Of
the Vichy State. Gen. Maxine Wey-
gand assumed full responsibility for
the capitulation.
He disputed testimony by Paul
Reynaud, former premier, and Albert
Lebrun, former president, that there
had been g plot between Petain and
himself to force an armistice rather
than continue resistance from Africa.
Weygand SAID Petaln sent secret
telegram" to Adm. Jean Darlan or
dering him to cease resistance to the
Allied invasion in North Africa. It
was the first intimation of such tele-
gram. Neither Darlan nor the Amer
lean Army ever publicly acknowl-
edged such message was received.
Nothing ever will induce me to
call Petain traitor" Weygand testi-
fed. He referred to Laval as Petain's
'evil genius"
"But, why" asked the court, latter
having had Laval arrested in Deem
Der, 1910, did Petain some 10 months
later raise his evil genius to office
again and proclaim that he was work.
ing hand in hand with him?"
Gen. Weygand had no answer for
that.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

shell. Plane factories at Baltimore, on
Long Island and the New England
coast would be razed.
While heavy bombing raids con-
tinued without interruption, a huge
enemy fleet appeared off the coast and
for three weeks attacked without OPP
position. Carrier planes laid waste the
Brooklyn Navy Yard, LaGuardia
Field, Mitchell Field and the aircraft
plant concentrations in Long Island
City, Bethpage and Farmingdale. Bat
tleships appeared off Boston and
poured 16-inch gun salvoes into the
port and industrial districts. A daring
task force of destroyers penetrated
lower New York Bay and destroyed
a convoy. Nearly 1900 carrier planes
found what was left of our navy hid
ing in the Philadelphia and Norfolk
Navy Yards and sank every battle
ship and heavy cruiser, severely dam
aged most of our carriers and lighter
units.
No Defense
During these repeated strikes, there
was no opposition by our air force,
except at Philadelphia and Norfolk,
where it proved ineffective. The en-
eny's big superbattleships stood in
close to shore and wiped out indus
trial cities like Portland, Me-, and
Wilmington, Del.
While all this was going on, the
enemy's heavy bonbers kept drop
ping record bomb loads. But one day,
instead of bombs there f1uttered down
millions of leaflets announcing that
II cities were to be plastered by fire
and high explosive bombs, warning
all civilians to evacuate the danger
zones.
The cities slated for destruction
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Britain Due
ForReorm

WHILE Clement Attlee, Brit
w aims new prime minister,
was busy at Potsdam, the Labor
PARTY with typically British
anlomb settled itself to the task of
preparing to shift the foundations
If one Of the worlds most solid
economies.
Eneland's swing to the left would
have a tremendous effect around the
world Britain's press surveyed the
scene at home and abroad, comment
ed on the almost universal amaze
ment at ChurchilIs defeat, concluded
that the nation remained united.
Attlee and his Labor Party's social
ist program are pledged to nationalize
practically every industry which
made England great, place them in
the hands of the people and, if posi-
ble make them stronger and more
productive.
The famed "Old Lady of Thread
needle Street, (Bank of England) will
become public property. Completely
out of patience with the country's
coal mining situation, Laborites in
tend to take over every coal mine,
operating them to give miners liv-
ing wage Modernization of mine ma
chinery and the building of healthy
export trade are parts of the program.
While Americans gasped at many
of the sweeping Laborite proposals,
Britishers assert that sociologically
England is far behind the U. S. The
government enforced no minimum
hours or wages and had no social
security program.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

were Syracuse, Poughkeepsie, New
London, Stamford, New Haven, Wor-
cester, Bethlehem, Pa, Richmond,
Charleston, Wheeling, w. Va, and
Baltimore. The next day six of those
cities were bombed. The enemy super
bombers were unopposed in the skies
and anti-aircratt defenses spotty. Not
an enemy plane was brought down.
Within a day or two the other cities
were plastered with incendiaries and
high explosives.
All non essential civilians long
since have abandoned the industrial
cities. Workers worried about their
families shunted to the countryside
and their families were frantic about
them. There was no defense against
this rain of death from the sky except
in flight and the government pre-
vented that.
The government still boasts about
our national destiny, our traditional
bravery, and dares the enemy to set
foot on our sacred soil" Resistance
is promised "to the bitter end" There
is increasing talk of secret weapons,
but it's just talk.
But where are our families, our
cities, our food? Where is our air
force? What can we do but wait and
be killed?
Advance death notices from the sky
keep tumbling down, followed within
day or two by explosives and incen-
diaries.
That is the situation today of the
japanese people against whom this
new psychological warfare is being
directed. They are being asked to de-
eide for themselves how far along the
bitter, hopeless road charted by. their
leaders they will 60.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

smaller than the BIG, carries an
eight-man crew compared with the
Superfort's II. 1t is a -motored,
all-metal, high wing, single-tail mono
plane, mounting 18-cylinder, 1900
horsepower engines which turn the
largest propellers ever installed on
combat planes, 16 feet inches, for a
speed of some 800 miles an hour. Pro-
pellers on the two inboard engines
have electric reversible pitch blades
which act as brakes during the land
ing run. Its wingspan is 1875 feet to
al for the BIO; length 80 feet to SO
for the B-29, ano weight 100000
pounds to $4,000 for the B-29.
The B-32s have already seen service
against the japanese in Gen. George
C. Kenney's Far East Air Forces.
The new Super Mustang travels
more than $50 miles an hour, has a
combat range of more than 1000 miles
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
In Short

Charged: By the u S. that Japan
still shifts American prisoners and in
ternees from safety to areas subject
to bombing.
Appointed: Field Marshal Sir Har-
old Alexander, supreme Allied Medi
terranean commander, as governor
general Of Canada.
Declined: BY Winston Churchill,
knighthood in Order of the Garter,
offered by King George vi.
Predicted: By a government fuel
expert that all industry, including
steel mills, will be on four-day week
this winter because of coal shortage
unless Cd Army releases 10000
miners from service (2) war with
Japan ends suddenly.
Planned: BY the Navy, discharge of
more than 10000 men by January l
under new adjusted service age"
system.
Proposed: By Singer Grace Moore,
back from European USO tour, shaved
heads for unfaithful wives of combat
soldiers.
Announced: BY the Army, release
from service at his own request Of
Brig. Gen. Elliott Roosevelt, effective
August IS.
Perfected: BY Germans in wars
closing months, catapult seat which
"exploded' a pilot out of high speed
plane so he could bail out.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

the climax in that campaign of reason
directed at the leadership.
The ultimatum's alternative of cut
ter destruction" significantly called
for Termination for all time of the
authority and influence of those who
have deceived and misled the people
of Japan into embarking on world
conquest"
Call Shots In Advance
Since failure of the ultimatum, the
Allies have taken to calling their shots
in advance. They have issued a series
of warnings and challenges, almost
without precedent in military history,
with one end in view-to crack the
will to fight of the people. This is
how the new campaign directed at the
Japanese man-in-the-street works.
Suppose, for example, positions were
reversed and the U. S. east coast rep
resented Japan. The original IS col
onies between the Atlantic Ocean and
the Allegheny Mountains comprise
nearly three times the area of the
home islands. Cooped up in this tiny
bastion would be 70 million of our
population, our industry, yet few of
our resources; they would have to be
imported by sea.
Our biggest cities would have been
heavily bombed. New York City
would be shambles, with all of the
island of Manhattan burned to the
ground. Pittsburgh would be hollow
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Freedom OF Relation


They shall take up serpents, and if
they drink any deadly thing, it shall
not hurt them, they shall lay hands
on the sick and they shall recover
St. Mark 1913.
Citing the Bible as authority for
their creed, cult of faith healers
who shun doctors and drugs in favor
of snakes, held a national convention
in Stone Creek near St. Charles, Va.
Gov. G. w. Darden, Jr., on advice
of his attorney general, banned the
snakes as menace to public safety,
sent the preachers telegram to that
effect, thoughtfully had state troopers
drop in on the convention.
The cult leader told police: eve
got the Governors telegram but we
got one from God first" Doggedly, the
preachers went ahead with an hours
long service while troopers watched.
They sang hymns with mountain
twang to guitar and cymbal accom-
paniment, while a few of the flock
worked themselves into spasmodic
commissions, bursting into gibberish
known among the cultists as ".the un-
known tongue" A preacher, usually a
gaunt coal miner, would sermonlze
and read snake passages from the
Scriptures.
Then, magically, snakes began to
appear. Ugly, writing rattlers and
copperheads were fondled and passed
from hand to hand as the state troop
ers moved in. Police killed six OF the
poisonous snakes, including two
plucked from the shirts of zealots,
meanwhile holding off a crowd of the
righteously indignant.
A soldier wearing service stripes
and medals protested holly: "These
fellows have the right to worship as
they please. What are we fighting
for?"
The disrupted services went on
minus the snakes. This week sect
leaders planned to repeat the cere-
mony, regardless of consequences. In
addition, service was scheduled for
Esserville, Wise county.
mo man-made laws, no Jail SEN
fences or anything else will stop our
worship" said the cultists. State
troopers prepared again to enforce the
ban, but they looked inquiringly to
the statehouse for additional orders.
Not everywhere were serpents so
revered. At Miles City, Mont, the
Rev. John B. Fitz, delivering an out
door sermon after a church picnic,
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Aerial
New Weapons For Pacific

The War Department took the wraps
off three new aircraft, designed spe-
officially for the Pacific war. They are
the P-80 Shooting Star, the B-32
Termination, new superbomber COM
parable to the BIG, and the P-51H
Mustang, Americas fastest propeller
driven fighter.
Fastest plane in the world, the
Army's new Lockheed P-80 Shooting
Star, is a jet-propelled monoplane
with speed in excess of $50 miles an
hour, ceiling over 10000 feet.
The B-32, built by Consolidated,
makers of the Liberator, is slightly
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Food For Thought

The average u. S. civilian need ex-
pect no significant relief from food
shortages during the next IL months,
advises the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics.
In general, the home front will get
about five per cent less food than in
1914. This years food production may
be three or four per cent below l944's
record.
The years basic food problem is
how to distribute an overall food
output one third greater than the
1859 average to meet an overall
civilian, military and export demand
one-half greater than the preWar
demand.
Present plans indicate the 1945 food
supply will be distributed: U. S. civil
ians II per cent, armed forces (includ-
ing relief feeding by the military IT
per cent, government purchases for
Lend-Lease and relief abroad to .
per cent, commercial export l to z
per cent.
After a national survey, the bureau
predicted that such foods as meats,
fats and vegetable oils, sugar, cheese,
condensed and evaporated milk, poul-
try, eggs, canned fruits and canned
vegetables will continue to be scarce.
In addition, rice, dry beans, apples
and processed foods using large
amounts of sugar, fats or oils may
become short. it said,
oPA reported that 100000 pas
senger car tires would be available
for rationing in August (same as in
JULY but as usual there would be
none for "a" motorists. The civilian
driver who doesn't use his car in bust
ness will have to get along on conser-
walton, recaps and little prayer
every time he wheels out from the
garage.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Quotes

Henry Ford, on his 32nd birth
day: 'The nation and the world
are on the threshold of a pros
perity and standard of living
that never before was considered
possible
Gen. George C. Kenney, COM
mander Far East Air Forces:
'The japanese don't like earth
quakes. We don't like the Jap
anese. So we are going to give
them earthquakes "a hours a
day until they quit"
Frederick (Fritz) Mandl, for
mer Austrian munitions mag
nate, banned from Uruguay: Il
am not maker of ornaments,
but only of munitions. The sale
of munitions is a peacetime job.
We sold bullets to Brazil, Chile
and Bolivia for their respective
military target practice"
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

and operates efficiently at ceilings up
to $4,000 feet. It climbs 26 per cent
faster than earlier models, is 10 per
cent stronger, 700 pounds lighter and
has 81 per cent more range. 1t car
ries 10 rockets which give it de-
structive blast equal to a destroyer's
full broadside.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Reds Gust BroWder

The u, S. Communist Party ditched
its perennial leader and former presl-
dental candidate, Earl Browder, for
William z. Foster, another veteran, as
chairman of the party's national com
mittee. Browder, long a red hot Red,
was out in the cold for espouslng, be-
fore the 1914 election, new form OF
communism which he said could work
in harmony with American capitalism.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
Petuin Trial Documents
Tragic Fall Of France

DEERE LAVAL Frances ev genius home reluctantly
Hitlers little arc-coaboraons expelled from Spain,
doubedy result of the British election frecasng tougher
English attitude with the Franco Laval flew Austria
where he surrendered u promptly
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05
NATION: Great Snakes Alive

stepped with alacrity off his stump
pulpit, borrowed a shotgun, killed two
rattlesnakes, dignifedly resumed his
preaching.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-08-05

(Au Rights Reserved. AP NepsteaturesJ
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01

Poland and Czechoslovaka, resistance forces also were waiting Their very presence in the mountain caves and farmers barns of Norway held down 100000 German troops. Silently they dribbled par affn into shipments of fish, They added salt to cement intended for Nazi Notifications. They stole blueprints. They smashed plant where the Nazis experimented with sheavy water'-a material needed in grandiose Teutonic plan to win the war with devastating atomic bombs.
 In Yugoslavia, the resistance movement had blossomed into minor front Two rival guerrilla movements had risen there after the Axis occupa- tion-one headed by General Draja Mihailovic, another by Marshal Josp Broz known Tito. The two forces fought each other well as the Nazis but in 1943 Tito won the struggle for British sup port, and now-aided by increased supplies and the withdrawal of Italian occupation forces II he was providing increasing trouble for Hitler.
 Inside what the Nazis regarded as Germany the prewar Reich, western Poland, Alsace-Lorraine, Bohemia and Moravia-there another poten- tial fifth column of tremendous size. This consisted of millions of prisoners of and slave labor" brought from all the countries that had felt the thump of the goose-step. Herded in cold and ugly barracks fed almost starvation diets they could If aroused and mobilized become mighty force. But over them stood the death-strking Gestapo
 Around the perimeter of the Allied lines, forces from the occupied countres-the armies in exile" also were waiting to fight their way home
 General de Gaulle's French troops had already
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01
AREAS HELD AT ANY TIME
BY AXIS NATIONS

in force. They were group of coral atolls lying south and east of the mandated Japanese bases Tn the Carolines and Marshalls Only when they were cracked would it be safe to proceed deeper into the Pacific.
 In August, September and October Nimitz sent his carriers to raid Marcus Tarawa, Abamama and Wake Islands. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance was ap-- pointed commander of the central Pacific force and November he moved great fleet of battleshlps, cruisers aircraft carriers destroyers and destroyer escorts off Tarawa and Maxim.
 The barrage was deafening. Shells screamed into every acre of the atolls; dive bombers screeched down against expected points of resistance It was the most tremendous barrage in the history of naval warfare.
 But when Marines climbed into landing craft and sreaked toward the shore of Betio, Tarawa, on November 20 the Japanese were waiting.
 They had built pillboxes deep into the coral and had mounted mighty coastal guns captured from the British at Singapore. From their holes they spashed shells around the transports and sprayed the oncoming landing craft.
 The first three Marine waves got across the la goon reef against the rising eatter of machine guns The fourth waves landing craft stalled on the reef Boats overturned and threw their bleeding
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01

stepped into plane and flew to Teheran, Iran, for four-day conference with Premier Joseph Stalin. It Roosevelt's first meeting with the Russian leader and 1t ended friendly, intimate note. The "Teheran Declaration reached new peak in the psychological against Hitler:
 we have reached complete agreement as to the scope and timing of operations which will be under taken from the east, west and south No power on earth can prevent our destroying the German armies by land, their U-boats by and their war plants from the air Our attacks will be relentless and unceasing."
 General Eisenhower and many others predicted victory in 1914 Europe told to hold itself ready to strike the Nazis when full-scae invasion of the continent
 In France, 100000 well-trained and trusted guer- rilla fighters, welded into the French National Council of Resistance were waiting for the word These "soldats sans unforme once were shop clerks walters, mechanics Now they were the deadliest fifth-column on the continent. They maintained con- tact with Britain and were secretly supplied with guns and ammunition by night-fying planes While they waited they spied and sabotaged-blowing vital bridges, dynamtng railroad cars, terrorizng Nazi sympathzers, protecting downed Allied fiers.
 In Norway and Denmark, Belgium and Holland,
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01

wounded occupants into the sea.
 The first waves now crouched on their beachhead behind seawall only 20 yards from the waters edge
 Marine General Holland M. ("Howling Mado Smith peered through his glasses and pointed to the central beach The next morning battalion raced onto that bearh as the first wave leaped the seawall. Other reinforcements kept coming in from the west and the east ends of Betio beating back banzai charges at they advanced.
 On the morning of the fourth day 4,o00 Japanese were dead and the objective was secured. The Army had landed on Maxim at the same time and had taken it against considerably lighter opposition
 The bodies ot 93i dead Marines lay on Tarawa's coral or in the surrounding, reddened waters. But Nmitz' Navy had taken giant step forward in the Pacific
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01
BLOOD RUNS AT BETIo

ADMIRAL CHESTER w. NIMITZ, in his Hawai-
 ! ian office as Commander in Chief of the Pacific
 et also had to clear the central Pacific to acquire
 ses for push into the heart of the Japanese-held
 npire.
 | He had the strength to do it. Six new battleshps
 lad joined the fleet and others repaired since Pearl
 arbor now were ready to return to the line. The
 rraft carrier fleet which numbered seven in bA now totaled 50 of all types, including some Enverted hastily from light cruisers, some from kerchant ship hulls, and some from oilers. There las an ample supply of carrier planes. Heavy cruisers and other warships were added b the fleet almost daily. Mass production methods Eere sending total of II destroyers off assembly lays in IT shipyards every month Under billion blar program for landing craft construction begun h l942 more than third of million tons of these ksential little craft came out of former bridge Euldng or steel-working companies along the kass or in the Mississippi valley. Naval personnel, which numbered 325,095 on |ecember 2, 1941 had shot up to 100000 by the nidde of 1943. There were almost 100000 rigidly- hsined Marines, and more than 150,000 Coast Guardsmen.
 Now Nirnitz reasoned. he could hit the Giberts
Kodiak mirror., 1945-12-01
THE UNDERGROUND WAITS

A DOLE HITLER had preceded all his blitzkrieg moves with a war of nerves Once the democ- racies quaked when der Fuehrer raised his voice. Now the Allies could call the turn, decide when and how to strike while the Axis wondered what was going to happen. {.
 In November 1943 Roosevelt, Churchill and Chinas Chiang Kai-shek met under the shadow of the pyramids at Cairo to formulate new moves against Japan. From their meetings came the Cairo Declaraton'-a plan to strip the Nipponese of the fruits of their aggressions since 1894.
 Then the President and the Prime Minister