davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
(Reprinted From The
Detroit Times of
May 20, I94O)
Eisenhower Tehs Congress:
In the
NEWS


exists i'm our own country,
one would almost be in
clined to the belief that
demOcracies are incapable
OF co-ordinated military
organization and action.
But there is at least one
democracy which has a
plan which Is not only ef-
fective as a~war machine,
but which does not inter-
fere with the essential
freedom of the citizens or
the nation.
The United States has a
population of 130 million,
and an effective army OF
10000, to $4,000 men.
Switzerland has a pOpu-
latiOn of 100000 and an
effective army of 10000
men.
IL Is a citizen army, cor
responding largely To our
national guard; bu, ii en-
braces the whole male pop
ulatiOn capable OF bearing
arms.
Senator Lodge proposes
for the United States a
standing army of profess
siOnal soldiers Of 100000
men.
That is 10 times our
present effective force, but
II Is not nearly enough for
war. and altogether too
much for peace.
A standing army Of pro-
fessional soldiers, sufficient
in force adequately TO de-
fend the nation. might be,
and probably would prove
n definite danger to democ-
raey.
1t would be under the
control Of the government,
and would only await the
time when some unworthy
and ambitious persons
might wish t0 use IL to de-
stroy civic rights. and ex-
tinguish the torch of lib
erty.
Citizen soldiers are still
citizens, and their training
and equipme e n {, their
power and their persons,
can easily be used I'm de-
fense Of their rights rather
than i'm the destruction of
them.
Let us review the citizen
soldiery of Switzerland and
see IL there are not there
principles and practices
which can be adapted TO
the use of our republic,
which is almost as free and
genuine a democracy as
theirs.
In Switzerland there is
, no standing army what
ever, but a truly national
militia, which corresponds
In a sense, as we have said,
to our national guard, ex-
cept that il is completely
compre h e nsive, and re-
quires the services in some
form OF every citizen.
The national constitution
prescribes military liability
for every citizen from his
10th to his 4Sth year.
There are, to be sure, a
few exceptions - such as
police force, prison en-
ployes, clergymen and
teachers.
While service is cOmpul-
sorry, every one must be
ply ST cally, morally and
mentally fit before he is
accepted as a soldier.
Those who cannot pass
examinations for fitness
have to pay additional
taxes, depending on the
value of income or prop
erty.
Service is sought. not
avoided. and is regarded as
a benefit-an honor as well
rs a patriotic duty.
There exist I'm all cities
cadet corps for the train
ing of boys from Ia to 20
years of age. But exami-
nations for the regular
training of the citizen sol
diery take place only at
the age of 10.
II minor physical defects
make a candidate fall short
of requirements, he is told
to remedy those defects,
- 4 ~.tx,a,. n m avn NINA
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
RUMAN OFF ON WESTERN TOUR TOMORROW

WASHINGTON, June 18 QNS)-White House
secretary Ross announced today that President Truman
will take off tomorrow for Olympia Wash, the first
leg Of the journey which is to carry him to the San
Francisco United Nations conference.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
Gen. Ike Greets
Wife With Kiss
IS Seconds Long

WASHINGTON. June Is (UP)
Gen Ike, grinning ear TO ear. to-
day threw his arms around Mrs.
Ike and almost cracked q few ribs,
Hello, Mamie." he said and,
holding her face, gave her Is
second Hollywood kiss.
"Ahh." smiled the general, as
he finally loosed her.
"oh. I'm so happy TO see yOu!"
Mrs. Ike said.
Bearing a fairly dlStinguiShable
Smudge Of llpstlck. the general
turned TO Mrs. Ike'S parents. Mr.
and Mrs. John Sheldon Doud OF
Denver and San Antonio.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
Confessions
Made by IS
As Trials Start

MOSCOW, June Ia (UP)-Fif-
teen of 16 Polish underground
leaders. charged with terroristic
acts against the Red Army pleaded
guilty today to all or part of the
charges when they went on trial
before Soviet military tribunal.
Gen. Bronislaw Okulicki, leader
of the Polish home army, was
among a group of y defendants
who pleaded guilty to all the
charges. Three others pleaded
guilty. in part, to the charges and
the sixteenth, identified as Zbig-
niew StypulkowSki, declared him
self inoncent.
One group of the Poles was
charged with the organization of
armed bands in White Russia and
the western Ukraine on instruc-
tions from the London Polish gov
eminent for the purpose of at
tacking Red army formations.
USED HIDDEN RADIOS
A second group was charged
with using clandestine radio sta
tions
The indictment charged that
Okulicki admitted under prelimi-
nary examination that he ordered
the Polish home army to maintain
itself intact in order to fight the
Red army.
1t said he admitted operating,
during 1914, 25 secret radio sta
tons in Poland and 10 in the
western Ukraine. Okulicki also
was accused of espionage and
sabotage.
The indictment quoted an al
legged order from Okulicki 10 one
Col Slaboda, dated March %,
1945, few days before the Polish
group was arrested.
ADMISSION FOLLOWS
After Mai. Gen. Asanasiev read
the indictment he questioned
Okulicki, who said:
'I admit what i have already
testified but i cannot accept
the formula of the indictment"
Jan Jankowski, vice premier OF
the Polish London government,
said in reply to the question:
'T am guilty Of the main
count"
Fifteen of the 16 defendants
were present as the trail opened
in the glittering trade union hall,
which was the Mobiles Club be-
fore the Soviet revolution. The
proceedings were attended also
by foreign correspondents and
diplomats.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
THE WEATHER
HOURLY TEMPERATURES

The sun viii sst At 40 . m. today
and rise tomorrow 81 SIS q. m.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
BELGIAN LIBERALS ASK KING LEOPOLD TO QUIT

BRUSSELS, June Is (UP)-The national committee
of the Liberal party adopted by vote of 88 to today
a resolution asking King Leopold of the Belgians to
abdicate The Liberal party action taken Begians
waited for the return of Leopold after five years of Ger
man captivity.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19

IF PHYSICAL d defects
Il are not serious, but
nevertheless debar a man
from full military service,
he Is assigned to the aux
iliary corps.
All such rejected men,
however, must contribute
tContinued on Page Z, Col. 81
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
REFUSE RE-STAGING

Well, you couldn't tell whose
grin was greater. the generals or
Mrs. Ike'S. She beamed. And
he beamed. He said he thought
she was looking mighty beautiful.
She said she thought he was look
ing tanned and we'll
They both refused to re-enact
the kiss for photographers, but
obligingly stood for hand-in-hand
pictures.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-19
MoTHER-IN-LAw, TOO

DO YOU remember me-" Mrs.
Doud queried.
MIN" he cried. and embraced
her. Then he shook hands with
his white-haired, dignified-look-
ing father-in-la~.
Mrs. Ike. meanwhile, was look
ing around for her boy-blond 1t.
John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower, p
years old. and 6 feet tall-who
his father home.
She caught him slipping off 10
one side and gave the bashful boy
a hearty kiss.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
C0ERINC SOUGHT
EARLIER PEACE

NEW YORK, May 6.-(R-Fritz
Goering, nephew of Hermann Goer.
ing, said today his uncle wanted to
make peace 10 days ago, and was
arrested on Hitler's orders and re.
moved from Berchtesgaden, Mu.
tual Correspondent Seymor Kor.
man reported in a broadcast from
Berchtesgaden.
Field Marshal Albert Kesselrins
fled from Berchtesgaden several
days before American troops ar
rived, Young Goering said. He
added he did not know where his
uncle had been taken.
The nephew was in charge of the
big Goering estate near Hitler
mountain retreat. Norman said the
power plant at Hitler's "eagle' /:
nest still was operating, and the
underground labyrinths still were
lighted, although the building had
been damaged by Allied bombs and
fire.
All furnishings and decorations
were gone, and there were huge
holes in the walls, he added. The
glass had been removed from the
large rectangular window through
which Hitler once looked out upon
the Austrian Alps. The subterra.
mean section Of the house still was
intact, and stone steps led down
more than $50 feet to air raid shell
tiers and stores Of food and other
supplies.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Better This Way

Several captured German officers of high
rank have openly declared if the plot to Kill
Hitler at Munich had been successful the war
would have been ended shortly thereafter.
They say they greatly regret the plot failed.
This sounds good if accepted at face value.
But it cannot be doubted that their interest in
ending the war sooner was not that lives might
be spared and German cities from destruction.
Human life means nothing to them.
Their real reason is that by surrendering
to pieces and so many among them taken
prisoner they would have been free to plot
another war, as was done almost from the
day the Versailles treaty was signed after
World War L.
Because the truth of this cannot reasonably
be questioned it is obviously for the best and in
the interest of future security from a later
war stemming from German junker elements
that the conflict has gone on.
This is said with due consideration for the
terrible price that has had to be paid in the
lives of Allied armed forces and the financial
drain imposed upon the Allied nations by its
continuation.
It is far better to carry the defeat of the
Germans to the point of exterminating the
war class to the last junker, and so forestau
ing future plotting than to have made peace
with them while they still. had the power and
the incentive to plan another conflict
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Can't Retain Arms

Surrendered German forces in northern tia
ly want to keep their guns for protection
against Italian partisans.
The chief of the German delegation at Al.
lied Army headquarters put this question: ''I1
the troops are to be disarmed, what will be
their position in the face of the Italian par.
tisans?' To which answer might be made:
What was the position of the Italian people
before the German occupying forces?"
Although they were supposed to be allie:
of Italy, the Italian people suffered many out
RACES from German soldiers. If the Italian!
now demand an eye for an eye there is Ittl.
that can be done to stop them.
Naturally the Allied forces will exercise
such control as they may over mob outbreaks
They will maintain the best order possible
under the circumstances. But it is not to bt
supposed that surrendered troops will be per
mitted to retain their arms.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Cleanup Due

Because the situation in Germany has
crowded most other things out of most minds
and also because March weather has Tapped
over into April and May, the customary
spring cleanup though not actually forgotten,
is not going ahead with the familiar thor
oughness and speed. This is particularly no.
ting a dangerous start
1t is in the interest of public welfare that
weeds be destroyed before they offer breed
ing places for insects, especially flies and
mosquitoes. Owners are to be ENCOURAGED to
apply sickle or hoe to them promptly, that
the community be not subjected to the pos
siblity Of epidemic diseases spread by these
insects.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Medal For News Men

When the War Department announced that
the Medal of Honor may be awarded only to
military personnel and could not be post
humously conferred upon Ernie Pyle, Senators
johnson of Colorado and Bridges of New
Hampshire promptly introduced bill to au.
thorize distinguished service news medal
for newspaper men, radio men and news
photographers
The proposal to give this recognition to the
men who continually risk and too often give
their lives to keep the public informed oil
what is happening at battle fronts is so meri
torous the wonder is such bill was not pre-
scented in Congress long ago.
Now that it is, it should be adopted and the
necessary funds appropriated without DELAY
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Dispatch from the Farm
BY JOHN GOULD

Every fall when the shooting season opens,
we hear stories about the poor fellow who
brought a 40-65 rifle into the woods and ran
out of shells. Naturally he is the one who
sees all the deer and bear, and since the
others in the party all have 30-3Os 80 spe-
Gals and shotguns with slugs, the man with
the 4O-65 usually comments that things would
be lot better if they only made one size of
gun.
Something of the same nature exists re-
gardlng farm machinery. The other night a
man who lives neighbor called me up with
devotion In his voice and asked me if thought
he should buy a Famous tractor. told him 1
had one, as he knew, and within certain
range the thing was my idea of good piece
of equipment
He said that wasn't what he meant He said
ne would buy the thing without any precon-
ceptlons, and without too much urging simply
because it had an engine in it and would re-
spond when he let out the clutch. The thing
disturbing him most was whether or not I was
going to let him beg or hire my Famous equip.
ment. He said he had ordered any one of ten
different kinds of tractors several years ago,
and didn't care much which delivered first sd
long as somebody delivered. But he was like
the man with the 40-65 rifle-no matter which
one he bought he wanted to get the equipment
suited to it. Only trouble is that it's ever
harder to get equipment than it is to get g
tractor. I told him to 60 ahead, that he coulo
use anything I have, and that evening they
delivered the thing to his dooryard and every
body stopped off to shake his hand and com
pliment extemplo, and those who weren'
Jealous said it was good thing, and those
who were telephoned to the dealer and sale
what they thought.
! The next day he came down and hooked into
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Thrill Of Homecoming

Release Of two million men from the armed
services following peace in Europe will mean
much to American business firms, but the
real joy will come in thousands of homes
whose sons and husbands have been in combat
so long. The men to be returned are those
who have seen longest and most arduous serv.
ices. Among them will be many who will stel
into positions they resigned when the call tc
arms came Their experience, despite the in
terruption of military service, will be of great
value. But it is impossible to consider their
restoration to add business affiliations without
also feeling vicarious thrill over their home
coming.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Knows Our Slang

T. V. Soong, the Chinese leader attending
the San Francisco security conference, has
lived so long in the United States that he
has acquired speaking acquaintance with ia.
mlllar expressions that usually puzzle foreign
ers.
During a press conference the other day
he gave a good example of this There was
more than average banter In response to
some alleged witticism he replied: although
I'm Chinese you see I'm from Missouri -
With due respect for our British cousins,
we can't imagine an Englishman being as
quick on the up-take
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
SIS Loot

When General Patton's Texas and Oklahoma
troops found and seized the Merkers salt mine
on April a rough estimate Of s1oo 900 was
placed on the gold hidden there. On later in
vestigation it appears this figure was too
small. In bank vaults and chicken coops in
Thuringen towns additional gold has been
located which by the latest computation
weighs, with the salt mine deposits, fully 200
tons. AS fine gold is worth 81, 600, 600 ton, the
German loot in this precious metal alone has
value of 5000, 900, o00-twice the total Of first
estimates.
But gold does not represent the entire loot
of the German robber-warriors Col. Bernard
Bernstein, deputy chief of Supreme Headquar-
ters military government financial section
has disclosed at Paris that in addition to the
gold in the Merkers salt mine, fantastic as
sortment of SIS loot has been uncovered rang
ing from pearl necklaces to tooth filings.
One hundred and eight-nine valises were
found crammed with slverware, cigarette
cases, watch cases, gold and silver tooth fill
ings, some melted into nuggets, bridgework,
spectacle rims, pearls, diamonds and rubies.
Killers SIS forces were a thorough going
crew. They not only slaughtered thousands in
the bad graces of Hitler and Himmler, but
carried off such of their victims property
as might have financial value to them when
they were ready to settle down as rulers OF
the earth to help them effect their escape
if and when the war was lost Their cupidity,
which led them to extract the teeth of corpses
for the bits of gold embedded in them, is I'M
rivaled, we think, by the lowest Of pickpockets
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
U.S.. HAS REACHED
lNTERLUDE IN WAR
BY ELTON c. RAY
Associated Press War H.

The United States has ars;'
at an interlude between two , ru
military efforts. 'eas
1t has, with its allies. ds,s,,
Germany, 1t will, with SOM . ::
these Allies. defeat Japan, 'l's o.
What has it learned in IN.
years and five months sine. ~
aggresscr nations struck? We
That fanaticism must no 49,.
tered with ruthlessness-tbe' ' y.
struction of cities and people WIZ We
won't surrender. VINO
That this can't be done ,,;.
out cost. So far, almost ' n,n
lion casualties have gone into '- a..
accounting. '''
That an army Of $500 900 and ,
navy of 100000 was needed =
wage war in two hemispber.,"
that an army of almost 1000, NM
plus full Naval strength, will wv y.
needed to defeat Japan. V
That it could out-produc, ~,
out-gun the enemy nations, bs. s
them at their own game, in ~.
air, with ships, with armor with il,
firepower, in blitzkrieg stratesy
That no longer is blockade ,
means Of forcing capitulatior
Invasion and destruction Of N.
enemy's ability to fight-by Land
sea and through strategic bona
ing are requisite TO victory IN
modern warfare.
That robot bombs and airborr,
armies are only in their infancy
That fixed Notifications, Lg,
the Siegfried Line, can be smash.
ed by the use of a little fuze M
bigger than the hand, that leu
shells bore in and blow up the
stoutest concrete and steel
And so the nation arrives n
least near to We Day, an occ,.
I sion to be celebrated or not, de-.
pending on the Individual and
where he is.
For the troops in Europe-For
those who have survived small
arms fire, barrage, land mines
and air strafing and enemy prison
camps-it indeed will be an coca.
sion. There will be chance for
many to visit home; for a smaller
number to be discharged from the
Army. But for the majority there
will be the lurking realization that
after victory in Europe must come
victory in Japan--and that will be
their war henceforth.
For the men in the Pacific, We
| is something to be read about On
the ships bulletin board or heard
about when word is passed alonE
the firing line Help Is coming
but from long distance and
after a long time.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Lee Miller Covers The Pacific

deck of the 0,O0O-tonner. The three
others straddled it. Yes, she sank
ali right.
another gunner was wounded
on this run-Tech-Sgt. Dale E.
Thompson, from Toledo, o. But
two Oscars Gap single-engine
fighters jumped us. First they
dropped a PHOSPHORUS bomb from
overhead but it did us no harm.
So they split up and made four
runs on us from ahead and two or
three runs from the rear.
"On the first run from the front
cannon shell exploded in the
cockpit and killed the CO pilot.
CThis was End 1t. Bonnie E. Siler,
20, Corsicana, Tex) On the second
run they knocked out my No. 3
engine. The third time they knock
ed out the top turret and killed the
gunner" (This was Sergeant
Thompson, wounded earlier by
flak.)
ION the last pass they put holes
in the No. and No. 2 engines and
in my window.
eve finally got into some cloud
cover and headed for home. They
tried to follow but broke off soon.
T-Sgt. Luther Cummings scored
a probable kill on one of them dur
ing the fight. Cummings is 81 and
from Mineral Wells, Tex).
1--WE were five hours from home.
Our controls were shot away, our
compass was shot out, there were
bad leaks in the bomb bay, and
hydraulic system was gone.
"Virok (Tech-Sgt. Joseph J.
Virok. 81, Trenton. N. J.. flight
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
NOT TRUE PROSPERITY

North Carolina is gold mine so far as the
State Department of Revenue is concerned
Every announcement of tax collections shows
more collected than in previous correspond
ing period The latest, for April and for the
ten-month period ending April 80, is more Of
the same-always more. 1t pours in from all
sources.
1t is of course a reflection of wartime pros--
perity 1t can't last, as it is artificial, like
big earnings, full employment, Federal funds
paid for purposes, the last being largely
money borrowed from the people. 1t is paper
wealth based on destruction of real wealth.
We can hardly call that true prosperity
Charlotte Observer
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Negotiations Underway
For Sale OF Equipment
To Italian Government

ROME, May 6.-(P)- Negotia.
tons were reported underway here
for the sale to the Italian govern.
ment of a large number of jeeps,
trucks, bulldozers and other equip.
ment used by American forces in
the Italian campaign.
The U. S. Army and Navy liqui-
dation board is understood to have
prepared survey of the material
which could be sold to Italy and is
now working on the prices. The
group has been in Italy several
weeks.
The Italian government was re-
ported planning to resell the equip
ment to private firms and also
use it for state-sponsored recon
struction projects.
Plans were believed to be under
way for a similar sale Of British
equipment.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
By LEE G.. MILLER

ARD. HEAVY COMMANDMENT
GROUP, P. bill Williams looks
as if he ought to be in the Boy
Scouts instead Of plotting a four
engined bomber of the Fifth All
Force.
But an older officer told me,
THAT kid is plenty mature. He's
as cool as a cucumber in an emer-
gency."
Bill is 20. His parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. H. Williams, live at (320
Hemphill ST. Fort Worth, Tex.
Here is what happened to him
and his B-24 one night recently.
He told the story without trace
of excitement or bragdadocio:
"We were on single-plane
search mission. Off Touran e,
French 1ndo-China, We sighted a
Jap convoy-10 or II ships, includ-
ing four or five destroyers, Or may
be some of them were cruisers.
"We let down to about 400 feet
to take after a 10,O00-ton cargo
ship. There were three destroyers
between us and the target, and
gave US heavy flax. The tail gun
ner got flesh wound in the leg.
(This was S-Sgt. Morris K. Rifkin,
26, of Chicago.
1--WE dropped three 500-pounders
on this run but they didn't explode.
We climbed to 1900 feet and band.
aged up the gunner. Then we lei
down to 300 again and dropped
five more bombs.
t"Turn of them hit right ON the
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
Daily Prayer
FOR COUNCILS OF PEACE

Our prayers for peace, 0 Over
ruling God, reach out to the coun'
ellis of the United Nations. Win
all the world burdened by pas
sionate desire for new order IN
which war shall be no more, our
heartfelt cry goes up to Ihee,
"Send peace in our time, 0 LORD
Let Thy Spirit move nightly upon
the hearts of the Representatives
of the nations: He is powerful
enough to change the lncllnatloHs
of their hearts from any marrow
nationalism to a noble purpose OF
peace. Thou art our only hep
o God, and We beseech Thee 10
answer the prayers OF an agulsn'
ed world. Give then these new
world-makers a vision glorious Oh
human society patterned ai'e'
the Kingdom of Heaven. Let tn;
tides of Thy Father love tor all
mankind flood their hearts. In this
day Of destiny, have Thine own
way with us. Amen.-WTE.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-07
1900 Liberated Allied
Prisoners Reach England

LONDON, May 6. -QP)- More
than 1900 liberated Allied prisoners
were flown back to England from
Germany by Raj Lancasters, the
Air Ministry announced.
U. S. Eighth Air Force Flying
Fortresses, meanwhile, flew an
other 700 tons Of food to Holland,
bringing to about $3.50 tons the
amount Of food dropped to Dutch
civilians In the last week,