davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lfnc0Ln


the Presidents letter public and his
reply before he did so.
Mr.. Vinson, former House men,
Der, has an important job today, di-
rector of Economic Sterilization. He
has irritated and angered some of the
labor leaders and their unions, how
ever, by his firm declination to accede
to their wage increase demands. His
appointment to the loan agency, there
fore, might prove a relief to the adj
ministration. On the other hand, Mr..
Vinson might not go along with the
ideas of some of the 100 percent New
Dealers in handling the loan agency
Mr.. Crowley, as head of the Foreign
Economic Administration, has a num-
Der of governmental finance agencies
under his direction already, some of
which were formerly under Mr.. Jones
as Secretary of Commerce and some
under Mr.. Wallace. When the Wallace
Jones feud came to a head in l943,
the President took these agencies and
put them under Mr.. Crowley. Should
the President appoint Mr.. Crowley to
head the Federal Loan Agency, he
could leave his present loan agencies
in Mr.. Crowley's charge, too, or he
could, if he desired, give them back
to M. Wallace, and include the Elk
port-Import Bank.
If the President turns to Mr. Pauiey
to head the Federal Loan Agency. he
will pick an active businessman who,
although in his early forties, has made
great success. Mr.. Pauley is Cali
.fornia oil operator, president Of sew
eral independent oil companies He has.
too. been an organizer and director of
banks on the Pacific Coast He has
represented the Government in a num-
Der of oil conferences, some with for
eign nations. His interest in politics
has covered comparatively few years
He was first secretary and then treas
urer of the Democratic National Com
mittee, an office which he now holds
1t is possible the President may wish
to elevate one of the men who have
been actively engaged in the work of
the RFC. and if he does he could well
turn to Mr.. Costello, in the opinion of
some of the members of the Senate
who are familiar with the activities of
the organization. With the Federal Loan
Agency controlling billions of dollars
IN credits and billions of dollars in
vested in all kinds of war plants, the
interest in the Presidents selection to
mead the agency is intense
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
Romuniu as Pattern?

The current Communist led upris-
ing in the capital, Bucharest, and
other cities of Romania. against the
coalition government headed by
Premier Nicolai Radescu climaxes an
increasingly bitter quarrel between
his regime and the local Communist
party associated with other leftist
elements under the title of the Ma
tional Democratic Front. That would
seem to be misleading title.
because what we Americans would
consider the most truly democratic
elements of the Romanian people,
the National Peasants party headed
by the celebrated Juliu Manu- and
the Liberals representing the urban
middle classes, are in the Radescu
government and have strongly op-
posed leftist maneuvers to bring
about its overthrow. The Romanian
Communists are known to be nu-
merically small, and even with their
minor leftist auxiliaries the result
ing National Democratic Front"
comprises only a fraction of the
population. Their armed uprising is
thus obviously the attempt of
dynamic minority to gain control of
the country by strong-arm methods.
The important question is, to what
degree this revolutionary action is
either tacitly approved or directly
inspired by Soviet Russia, which has
been in effective control of Romania
ever since it abandoned the Axis and
made a peace which, though osten-
sibly concluded with all the major
Allies, was actually negotiated and
signed in Moscow last September.
At that time the provisional govern
ment which took power after the. ex-
pulSion of the Germans by Russian
armies included virtually all parties
opposed to the Axis, including the
Communists. By the terms of the
peace treaty, Romania was allowed
to govern itself subject to the
oversight of an Allied Control Com
mission which, though nominally
including Britain and the United
States, was effectively dominated by
the Russian membership.
However, almost from the first, the
provisional government was rent by
quarrelS between the constituent
parties, the sharpest line of cleavage
being between the leftists, who soon
coalesced into the National Demo-
cratic Front, and the other elements.
Relatively little is known of the de-
tails because British and American
journalists have not been encour-
aged to investigate conditions nor
| have the British and American men,
bers of the Allied Control Commits
sion in Bucharest been permitted to
circulate freely. Only fragmentary
accounts of the current disturbances
have as yet emerged from the veil of
local Russian censorship, but dis
patches from Moscow are more re-
vealing. The official Soviet News
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
DIR. Rowe in Mexico CITY

To the Editor of The Star:
In Constantine Browns column, This
Changing World" on the editorial page
OF your Friday, February %, issue, we
notice that, discussing the Mexico City
Inter- American Conference on Prob
lens of War and Peace, Mr.. Brown states
that DIR. Leo S. Rowe, head of the
Pan American Union, will be absent = -
because of diplomatic considerations"
We would like to bring to Mr.. Browns
attention, as well as to yours and that
of your readers, the fact that DR.. Rowe,
director general of the Pan American
Union, is at present attending the con-
ference in Mexico City to which he was
invited by the. Mexican government.
He and several other members of the
staff of the Pan American Union, in
Guiding the counselor, Dr. William
Manager, and the chief of the juridical
division, Manuel S. Canyes, are acting
at the conference in an advisory and
technical capacity.
Furthermore, the Pan American
Union prepared the Handbook for
Delegates to the conference at the
special request of the Mexican govern
ment. SILVIA BRULI,.
Press Section, Pan American Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
Our Duty at Home

The Red Cross campaign which
begins today is not just another
drive. 1t is, rather, an effort which
is as distinct as the double war
which constitutes the flaming back
ground against which it is staged.
There never before was such a
struggle. Neither has there ever
before been such acute and drastic
need for the kind of help for suffer-
ing humanity that the Red Cross
represents.
People in general do not have to
be educated to understand these
facts. The average man or woman
knows we'll enough that the tragedy
and the cruelty of this war would be
more difficult to bear it it were not
for the universal agency of relief
and mercy which is symbolized by
the crimson cross on the white
shield All that should be required,
then, is that the public be reminded
of the campaign.
1t is a duty to respond, but it
likewise is a privilege. The volun-
teer solicitors who will canvass the
homes of Washington and nearby
Maryland and Virginia are giving
their time and their energy freely
and should be received accordingly
An invitation to enroll in the Red
Cross is an invitation to join a
fellowship whose only purpose is aid
where the demand for aid is most
compelling. Not to enlist would be
to fail the men and boys on the
battle fronts of freedom. 1t also
would be to neglect the wives and
the children of soldiers, sailors and
marines who, especially when the
news is black, instinctively turn
to the Red Cross for consolation
and assistance.
The sum to be raised in the Met
ropolitan Area of Washington is
$2,7O0,900. AS the campaign chair
man has said, I'VE must not only
achieve our goal, but we must do so
early" The tempo of the drive will
have much to do with its success.
If any inspiration be wanted, let it
be found-as well it may be-in the
running stories of the American
operations in the plains of Cologne
and on the island of Two Jima. In
an epoch so glorious with heroism
as that of 1945, the Red Cross
speaks for itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01


The huge and important Federal Loan
Agency-including the RFC-becomes.
under the terms of the George bill,
which Congress passed to prevent for
mer Vice President Wallace from hav-
ing control. an independent Govern
ment agency once more. Speculation
as to whom the President will appoint
TO head this agency has been rife in the
Capital. Gossip has included the names
of Fred M. Vinson, director of Economic
Sterilization; Leo T. Crowley, head of
the Foreign Economic Administration;
Edwin w. Pauley, treasurer of the DEM
ocratic National Committee, and Will
liam c.. Costello, who, was special as
sistant to former Secretary of Com
merce Jones when Mr. Jones had the
loan agencies under his charge. Charles
B. Henderson, present chairman of the
board of the RFC. and Sam H. Hus-
bands, also of that board, have been
mentioned, too.
Whoever is appointed to head the
Federal Loan Agency will receive the
careful scrutiny of the Senate-whose
duty it will be to confirm the appoint
ment. The Senate having said in
effect. that Mr.. Wallace would not do
for the job, both because of lack of
business experience and because of his
economic theories and program for
postwar United States is not likely to
approve another man who sees eye to
eye with the former Vice President.
The President could, if he would
make a ten-Strike with the Senate if
he asked Jesse Jones to take charge
again of the Federal Loan Agency,
which Mr.. Jones headed before he be-
came Secretary of Commerce Congress,
by special enactment, made it possible
for Mr.. Jones to have both the Com
merce Department and the Federal
Loan Agency. But no one believes the
President would take such step. For
the President and Mr.. Jones did not
part company amicably. when the for
mer asked Mr.. Jones to step down and
out so that he could reward Mr. Wallace
for his political activities during the last
presidential campaign. The very fact
that Mr.. Jones made public the Presi-
dents devastating letter saying he in
tended to appoint Mr.. Wallace Secretary
of Commerce is sufficient, it is believed.
to prevent any new appointment of
Mr.. Jones, although Mr.. Jones notified
the White House he intended to make
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
The Air and the Future

General Arnold'S revelation that
the United States is now producing
the worlds fastest jet-propelled
plane lends additional strength to
his views-aS expressed the other
day in his Army Air Forces. report
on how the American people must
gear themselves to aviations revo-
lutionary future.
The speed of the Nazi jet-pro-
PEELED plane has been estimated at
900 miles an hour, so that ours, since
it is faster, must approach the speed
of sound, and may. even equal or
exceed it. But this is merely one
of the many terrifying wonders of
our air age. There are giant bombers
nearing production which are bigger
and more powerful than the BIOS,
and there are flying bombs, and
there are atmospheric rockets that
plunge earthWard at perhaps 5000
miles an hour.
Yet, as General Arnold has point
ed out in his report, all the fearSome
air weapons of today are already
obsolescent in the sense that more
fearsome ones will be available to-
morrow. In fact, to quote the COM
mander of the AAF, this constant
development may mean that only
a few years from now the world will
see aviation equipment with de-
structive power and accuracy of
which man has not yet dreamed"
Accordingly, the American people
must act on the principle that ''the
first essential of air power necessary
for our national security is pre-emi-
nence in research" This research
must be systematic, with private and
governmental groups co-ordinating
with the military on continuing pro-
grams ito reflect at all times the
rapid advances in aerodynamics,
physics, chemistry, electronicS, the
sciences basic to rockets, jet pro-
pulsion and revolutionary develop
ments as yet unconceived.'
And in addition to research, as
General Arnold declares, the United
States must maintain a strong avia-
ton industry and an alert, up-to-
the-minute system of commercial
aviation. and it must also see to it
that it always has strategically To-
Gated bases and a sound and pro-
gressive training program for it's
airmen.
Not long ago Undersecretary of
State Grew declared that in the flu
ture. If another aggressor rises. he
will remember that the United
States, both in this war and the
last. had time to mobilize and turn
the tide. and remembering this, the
new aggressor will therefore make
the United States his first target.
General Arnold subscribes to Mr..
Crews thesis. and he makes clear
that enemy air power in 1865 or
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
Western Front Moves
By Maj. George FIELDING Eliot

FIELDING Eliot
the first rank-14OOO prisoners on the
fronts OF the LIST and 9Th armies out
of total of five or six German de-
fensive divisions plus the combat teams
OF the three Panzer divisions men,
toned is not very large number in
five days of fighting. But even this is
not yet firm" figure, for the really
deep advances of the two American
armies have been along the roads.
leaving perhaps considerable pockets
OF German troops well behind the ad-
vance forces. These may later swell
the prisoner total. However, even if all
the German defensive divisions in this
area have been wiped out, it may still
prove that this was a deliberate Ger
man sacrifice in order to permit the
withdrawal of the rest of the German
armies to the Rhine and across 1t.
There is as yet no definite proof as
to whether the Germans mean to try
to hold the line of the River Erft. and
the two switch lines" of Notifications
between the bend of the Erft and the
built-up area of Munchen- Gladbach.
This would be formidable defensive
barrier if it were held in strength. If
1t should be easily penetrated, then we
would have pretty good assurance that
the Germans are going to make their
next really strong stand on the Rhine
itself, or else that the power of the
Allied attack has so disorganized their
defensive arrangements that they are
unable to carry them into effect.
For the time being we shall not 90
far wrong by keeping our eyes fixed
on the good German divisions facing
the Canadian 1st Army. These divi-
sions are at least one of the major
prizes for which our advancing troops
are reaching dut. The very fact that
the 9th U. S. Army remains under the
operational command of Field Marshal
Sir Bernard L. Montgomery tends to
confirm this view. Should considerable
part OF this German grouping be lost
it would be far harder blow to the
whole German defense in the west
than the loss of few divisions OF de-
fensive troops farther south.
(CopyriEht. 1945)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
Philippine independence

AICer three years or exile, the
Commonwealth Government of the
Philippines is home again in Ma
Mia. On Tuesday, in moving cere-
mony at Malacanan Palace. its full
civil powers and responsibilities
were restored by General MacAr-
thur and from now on the FilipinoS
will be preparing for the time when
they can assume the responsibilities
of independence.
Under the policy formally enunci-
ated by Congress and President
Roosevelt. this time will come when
the japanese are driven from the
islands and order and normal con-
stitutional processes are restored.
President Osmena hopes that that
will be accomplished before August
IS of this year, the 47th anniversary
OF our landing in Manila during the
Spanish-American War, and he sug-
gests that the Commonwealth be
granted, if possible, full sovereignty
on that date. so that Occupation
Day will be known henceforth to
the Filipinos as Philippine hide
pendence Day.
From the standpoint of historical
symbolism. President Osmena'S idea
is felicitous one, and perhaps it
will be adopted if conditions permit.
The conditions. however, will depend
on how long it takes to mop up the
Japanese still in the mountains of
Luzon and elsewhere throughout the
islands, and also on how well the
Osmena government succeeds in
unifying war-bred factions among
the Filipino people and in coping
with numerous extremely difficult
economic problems which are more
involved now than when the war
began.
With complete independence, the
Philippines must adjust them
selves to their new position in for
eign trade. When they are on their
own, they will not enjoy the same
favorable duty-free commercial re-
lationShip with us that they have
had up to now, and they will run
into more than a few difficulties in
the competitive export field unless
they are properly equipped to meet
the situation. Attractive as it may
sound, in other words, Philippine
independence will not be an I'M
mixed blessing if no intermediate
steps are taken to offset the eco
nomic diSlocation it can cause.
AS Americans we have a special
interest and responsibility in help
ing the Filipinos in this, not mere
ly because we are to maintain air,
sea and land bases in their country
but also because they have been our
brotherS-in-arms, sharing with our
forces the terrible burdens of the
war and giving their sons to fight
and die with ours for the freedom
of our two peoples. Whether it
comes next August 10, therefore, or
whether it comes later, full political
independence, if it is to be secure.
must rest upon an economic in
dependence which is yet to be guar
anteed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
This Changing World
BY Constantine Br0yn

of that neighbor the balance is upset
and wars start.
This, in fact, was President Roose-
velt's own definition of an aggressor
in 1884 when he made an eleventh.
hour attempt to salvage the arms limi-
tation conference at Geneva in order
to establish peace in the world on the
basis of disarmament. His representa-
tive, the late Ambassador Norman Da-
Wis, presented this peace solution" to
members of the League of Nations but
the council carefully stored it away
in the file room of the Geneva Peace
Palace.
OF course, things bave changed dras-
ticaly since the days when hope for
peace was based on the Kellogg pact
and on the limitation of ornaments.
Mr.. Churchill, like Mr.. Roosevelt, is
confident that these territorial Eek
changes" are not going to cause an
other war SO long as the Big Three
stand together with their entire mill
tary might ready to club into sub
mission any nation which would want
to revise the territorial setup decided
on at Yalta.
According to Mr.. Mikolajczyk, the
question of minorities which in the
past disturbed the peace equilibrium
of Europe no longer worries Premier
Stain.
The Russian leader is reported to
have told the former Polish Premier
last summer that he need not be con-
cerned over the fact that there is
such an overwhelming German popu-
lation in the Reich's territories ear
marked as compensation" for Poland,
because he will remove them to other
areas, probably east of the Urals.
A plan is afoot now for the most
extensive migration of peoples ever
known in history Press dispatches
which have passed strict Moscow CEN
sorship speak about 100000 Germans
who will be pressed into reconstruc-
ton service in Russia for period of
10 years According to other sources,
the Poles who have lived as land till
ers In Eastern Poland will be removed
into the Industrial areas in Western
Poland and into Pomerania and Up
per Silesia.
Thus the old definition that a coun-
try is territory where certain num-
Der of people have been living for
many generations has now become su-
perannuated. 1t is this brand-new 1945
theory of what constitutes nation
that justifles Prime Minister Church
ills utmost conviction" in his policy
regarding Poland and possibly some
other minor European countries later.
Copyright 19451
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01

Prime Minister Churchill placed
Squarely on the House of Commons the
responsibility for maintaining the unity
among the Big Three which he said was
strongly reaffirned at the end of the
Yalta parley. There seems to be no
doubt that the House of Commons will
give its Prime Minister the requested
vote Of confidence, although many of
its members do not. agree with the
decisions taken regarding the fate of
Poland, which is the test case of the
small nations of Europe.
The tragedy of Poland is felt more
keenly in Britain than in the United
States. Our interest in that victim of
the war Is in part due to the millions of
American citizens of Polish origin. The
British, however, made the cause of
Poland in 1889 their own and have taken
the tremendous risk Of destroying their
own empire in order to protect nation
which refused to yield to Hitlers de-
mands to become German puppet state
Hence, it> is questionable how firm
Mr.. Churchil's position is when, speak
ing about his support of Moscow's claim
for territories inhabited by the Poles
east of the Curzon line, he said: g"
assert with the utmost conviction the
broad justice of the policy upon which
for the first time all the three great
Allies have now taken a stand"
Mr. Churchill went on to emphasize
that Poland will receive as compensa-
ton for her lost territories "a substan-
tial accession to the territory in the
north and west" That is to say, she
will be given large portions of East
Prussia, Upper Silesia and some other
lands in Pomerania. The academic
question is being asked that if it is true
that territories east of the Curzon line
must be given to Russia because Premier
Stains claims were just, on what basis
of justice will, territories inhabited by
100 per cent Germans be given to the
Poles? -
Former Polish Premier Mikola jczyk
pointed out last summer in his own con-
versations with President Roosevelt and
few weeks later in his talks with
Premier Stain that Poland does not
want lands occupied by an overwhelming
number of non-Poles because it does
not cherish the idea of having minority
question on her hands and also because
it would be contrary to the Atlantic
Charter.
Mr.. Mikolajczyk's point was that so
long as the Germans stay in Germany,
the Poles in Poland, the Russians in
Russia and SO on, stable peace can
be obtained 1t is when a nation moves
across its natural photographic borders
into its neighbours territory for the
purpose of destroying the independence
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-01
Mr.. Mellett Commended

10 the Eo1tor OF The Star:
/ wish to commend the article by
Lowell Mellett, in your issue of Febru-
airy 20, in which he exposed the manip-
ulations of the Byrd machine in Vir-
ginia.
l am a Virginian. and the consensus
OF those with whom come in contact
is that the machine that rules Virginia.
though. perhaps, not as corrupt as the
Hague and Kelly machines are reputed
to be, is equally as effective in control
ling the political situation in the Old
Dominion. 1t is even charged that no
one can be elected to any job of con-
sequence Estate or FederaD unless he
has the approval of the machine
But Mr. Byrd is not the only Senator or
Representative who comes to Washing
ton with Democratic label but backed
by State machines. Nor is he the only
one that proves recreant to his trust as
a Democrat, vote for and and work
with the Republicans in their efforts to
defeat every measure that is offered for
the benefit of the masses.
Cleveland was deserted by members of
his party; Wilson was knitted in the
back, and now they are trying to cruelty
Mr. Roosevelt.
WELLINGTON SMITH,