davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-30

word Of mouth, has heard Of the death
OF Hitler, Himmler or GoebbeA, or the
finding of Goering's huge loot, or
Himmler's million-dollar cache, or the
rescue Of Schuschnigg. or the graphic
accounts Of Buchenwald and Dachau.
The military government proceeded,
as under orders applying in Germany
to d1sarm Germans, to track down war
criminals. which Is being done with
admirable skill and the thoroughness
OF purge. The Offices, first at the top,
and gradually downward, are being
cleared OF Nazi officials, move which
also Is being carried through con-
scientiously.
SaEburg is the seat Of municipal,
district and provincial governments and
the Nazi officers have been replaced
by old Christian Socialists which, be-
fore Hitler, was the dominant party
hereabouts. They head the provincial
government temporarily, since it Is
hoped to be able to obtain the release
from the Russians Of man In charge
at the time of the Anschluss who was
highly popular, but who was found
In Berlin cellar.
But half dozen citizens whom I
interrogated in Salzburg had no idea
even who the new mayor is The
people are living in political vacuum.
The only radio they can listen to Is
from Graz and Vienna, occupied by
the Russians, who put on liberation
programs interspersed with music.
The problems of the military gov
ernment are prodigious, encompassing
feeding the people and returning dis
placed persons who in Salzburg Prov
ince vastly outnumber the INDIGENOUS
inhabitants, including the tens of thou
sands of Germans.
Positive political activity was sup
posed to begin with the arrival three
or four days ago of a gentleman from
the psychological warfare branch
charged to start a newspaper and set
up a radio station But he is not an
officer and is not part of the military
government, and I have a strong i'm
preston he is not an envoy Of real
cooperation, since his policy contra
diets what already has been estab-
iished.
The State Department onicials are
hanging fire until the Russians admit
us to Vienna even though they are
not represented in all places we oc-
cupy, and the psychological warfare
officials seem to tie in nowhere. If
under these circumstances Russian in
f1uence engulfs the American, 1t would
be silly to blame the Russians, whose
political and military policies are COM
pletely integrated.
(Released by the Bell Syndicate. Inc.)
Evening star., 1945-05-30
This Changing World
By COnsf0nfine BrotCn

which are chiefly industrial and the
Americans will be guardians Of the
scenic route" in the south with its
beautiful mountains, the Russians will
be overseers of rich Pomerania. East
Prussia and Poland have first call on
the food produced in Hungary, Ro-
mania, Bulgaria, Bohemia, MOravia
and Eastern Austria These latter sec
tions which once contributed so much
to Germany's larder will see much Of
their food going into Russian territory.
Not so many months ago Gen. Eisen-
hover asserted the German people
would have to feed themselves and that
they could expect little or no assistance
from the United States or the other
United Nations While the assertion
made PRIOR to the fall Of the Nazis-
doubtless was made with thought to its
propaganda value In the prosecution OF
the war, 1t may be literally true
*
Nevertheless, the question of whether
the Allies should try to do all they can
to keep the Germans from going hun
cry Is grave one, and it has its own
peculiar twist, even in the light of any
desire to be humanitarian enough to
want to feed the people who fought US
The Western Allies are making no bones
OF the fact that they fully realize
hungry German people can place many
obstacles in the way of the Control
Council. An underfed nation Is always
restless, pickering and hard to handle.
Already the Allies have begun the job
OF returning to their homes the millions
OF non-Germans the Nazis uprooted and
carted away into slave labor. These
people will want to settle down and pro-
duce food for themselves and their own
nationals. When the task is completed
and it will require long time-there
still will remain the problem of getting
the rowing German millions back to
work. Release of war prisoners by the
Allies will help the situation some.
Whatever the reason back of the de-
sire to keep thousands of Germans from
Observation-Disclosures it be humanitarian
or because we know what hungry people
can do-there Is not much hope for the
Germans to attain a satisfactory living
standard for months to come
Evening star., 1945-05-30
Country School Lunches

Time was, before the age of vita
minis, scientifically balanced meals
and lettuce leaves for winter grub,
that boys and girls trudged to the
country school at the crossroads car
rying two-quart lard pail full of
substantial food. Doubtless modern
nutritionists righteously bristle when
they think Of the rib-sticking stuff
that somehow tasted so good to hun
cry youngsters. All morning long in
cold weather the pals sat in row
on the shelf in the front corner. In
spring and fall they sat on the floor
beneath coats and hats in the front
entry.
When a fellow took off the tin
cover at noon he knew he had a real
meal ahead of him. The foundation
was three or four thick sandwiches
of crusty, chevy homemade bread,
generously covered with butter he
probably helped to churn. But the
butter was only a taken-for granted
part of the filling. Likely there were
succulent slices of roast pork or
roast beef between the bread. Per-
haps there would be one sandwich
with lots of blackberry jam. It
oozed around the edges and colored
the bread rich, satisfying purple.
All this was good, but merely a
preliminary introduction to the des-
serts. A hungry growing boy. like
his father. wanted a big wedge of
pie. mans sized piece of walnut
cake. half dozen big oatmeal
cookies, and perhaps an apple or two
to top things of. It was always pos
sible to do little dickering with
ones friends and get a doughnut for
q couple Of cookies, or second piece
Of cake for the apples. Lard pail
lunches are part of the background
Of many men and women now far
from + , farms and rural schools.
TF lnot satisfy modern dieti-
Evening star., 1945-05-30
Standing Alone

AS Representative Ploeser told the
House yesterday, neither branch OF
Congress has ever felt bound by the
action of the other in making UP its
own expense account. Thus there is
precedent for the Senate's decision
to let the House action stand on the
tax-free $4,000 expense item, while
refusing to apply 1t to Senator's
While turning down the $4,000 ex-
pense item, the Senate was increas-
ing its own allowance for long-dis-
tance telephone calls-an allowance
that House members have not pre-
viously enjoyed.
Mr.. Ploeser is logical. consistent
and entirely correct. Yet his speech
in favor OF letting the $4,000 item
stand. must have sounded to some
Of his colleagues like whistling past
the graveyard. For public reaction,
since the House action. has been
anything but favorable. The Sen
ate's overwhelming vote in the mega
tive transcends, in its significance,
any routine consideration of expense
items and will increase pressure for
the House to back away again. as 1t
did in the congressional pension"
business a few years ago.
The theme of Senate opposition
had nothing to do with the merits
Of the House action. 1t was based
wholly on timing, Senator's Lucas
and Morse arguing that approval of
the item would make congressional
insistence on maintaining the Little
Steel Formula inconsistent. And the
tax-free feature, while wholly In
keeping with tax policies, has not set
we'll with the country.
Many objections would be re-
moved, it is believed, If the House
modified the language Of the ap-
preparation bill to provide for legiti-
mate expenses up to $4,000 for each
member but at the same time
required a normal accounting by
members of expenses actually in
Cured. 1t is the blanket salary
increase disguised as expense money,
rather than the legitimacy Of the
expense, that has caused much Of
the criticism.
Evening star., 1945-05-30

than the Fortresses and Liberators.
They found their maximum efficiency in
bombing targets 400 to $50 miles from
their bases, such as Hamburg, Cologne,
and Berlin. They could not carry their
full loads to Milan, which is rather more
than 900 miles from British airfields.
They could reach Southern Japan (that
is, all of Kyushu Island) quite handily
from Okinawa, and they could reach
Formosa either from Luzon or from
the Chinese mainland
One should add that the very handy
and economical tWo-engine bombers Of
both air forces, American and British,
can bomb Formosa from the Chinese
coast, and Southern Japan from Oki-
nawa; they can also reach the island
of Honshu from Two.
The mere statement of these various
capabilities is sufficient indication OF
how the job may be divided among the
various eager eagles. Southern Japan
(Kyushu) is obviously in for terrible
concentration of bombing, because it
Is within reach of all sorts of bombers.
That fact suggests that some time it
may be the scene of landing, when
the moment is ripe for such an opera
ton, and may in turn become an air.
base for the extension of concentrated
bombing efforts on the main island of
Honshu.
Formosa is also going to get severe
plastering, enough at any rate to pre-
vent the Japanese from using 1t as an
interference base.
Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe and the
other cities of Honshu will for the pre-
sent continue to be the targets Of the
B-29s, and Of such improved editions
of these giant planes as may later
make their appearance.
Steadily the ring of fire and steel will
tighten. as the Allied armies, supported
by air and sea power, continue to win
new bases and to advance on the
Chinese mainland. The Japanese air.
force will dwindle, both by the destruc-
ton of the factories which build its
planes, and by its losses in combat. The
weaker it becomes, the greater its ratio
of loss; this was the bitter experience
of the Luftwaffe, and it viii be SO also
with the Japanese air power-which In
cidentally hardly approaches the Luft-
waite In efficiency.
tcopyfisht, 1e4S)
Evening star., 1945-05-30
View of Chevy Chase Corrected
TO the Editor Of rh. Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
In The Star for May 26 there is q
beautiful picture of the Chevy Chase
Presbyterian Church, accompanied by
a story written by Caspar Names. This
story Is interesting but is not historically
correct. One would think from reading
1T that 1t was wild adventure to start
a church in Chevy Chase at that time
the article stating that ground was
broken for the church in 1910-but the
fact is another denomination had estab-
lished church services in Chevy Chase
at least dozen years earlier and had
built and occupied its stone church
nine years earlier-in 1901.
The story would lead one to think that
in 1910 Chevy Chase was poorly pro-
vided with streets, sidewalks, etc., but,
in fact, at that time Chevy Chase was
regarded as the finest suburb Of the
Nations Capital. It was settled both
north and south Of the circle and had
fine sidewalks, streets, electric lights,
splendid water system, sewerage system
and an up-to-date public school just
south Of the circle.
The article also referred to the car
service as hourly" and that the "sched-
ule habitually went out of gear" but
as one who has lived in Chevy Chase
from its first days, I can certify that
the suburb was given splendid car
service all the way to- Chevy Chase
Lake-the charter of the company COM
pelling 1t to maintain . 15-minute serv-
ice from am. until midnight and the
cars running more frequently during
rush hours.
THOMAS E. ROBERTSON,
Evening star., 1945-05-30
Memorial

What shall ,Oe do for fo,pers ,aphen our
fotpers wilt,
Or tor tears tohen our tears haze
dried;
What can ,oe build that hos not vet
been built
For YOU, the braue ones. who hare
died -
oh. shall 1t be again the cold bronze
tDre1th
or the trim fountain squirting rain,
The marble obelisk, the tomb beneath,
The tablet. or the stained glass pane?
Let it, tOe pray. be something more than
these
The out,Dorn monuments OF earth,
Witch stiDiy mock our trail attempts
at peace
And stand 20 stubborn in their uiirth,
Let'ft be notp. this time, Hping flame
Unquenched toreper In our land
For you, the dead, Uhom ne can call
By name
And scto haue touched our hand.
PAUL II. OEHSER.
Evening star., 1945-05-30
Eagles Gather for Kill
By Maj. George Fieldins Eliot

AS the eagles gather in the Far East,
1t becomes evident that there will have
to be a proper division of labor be-
tween them If all are to use their beaks
and talons with proper effect on their
japanese victims.
So far. the major part of the work
OF bombing Japan has been assumed
by the long-range B-29 Super Fort
resses, which can reach Tokyo or vir-
tually any other important Japanese
target quite comfortably from the Mari
anas or from Okinawa.
They could likewise do 50 from the
Chinese mainland, and the only thing
that prevents their being operated in
considerable numbers from Chinese
bases is the difficulty Of supplying those
bases; difficulty which may shortly
be overcome If landings can be effected
on the Chinese coast 50 that Allied
shipping may enter Chinese ports. It
will, however, be essential to neutralize
Japanese airpower in Formosa in order
to prevent interference with such a
program.
Carrier-based aviation has also par
ticipated in strikes at Japan. But the
real role of the carrier Is to provide
close support for amphibious operations.
The carrier is not weapon for long
continued saturation bombing; . 1t Is
rather a means by which an intense
concentration of fire can be produced
for comparatively short intervals and
at very great distances from the base
from which 1t operates.
- i
Now, however, vast additional air
power is moving out to the Pacific. We
know that the famous 9th Air Force,
which did such magnificent service
over Germany, is on its way. Its arma-
ment consists for the most part of me-
dium-range heavy bombers-Fortresses
and Liberators-which can strike at
Tokyo or Osaka from the Marianas
only by staging at Two. They can reach
Southern Japan from the Chinese coast
in the vicinity of Shanghai quite COM
fortably, but they could not reach Tokyo
from such bases save with minimum
bomb loads-a wasteful use of their
carrying power save in emergency.
The Lancasters and other heavy
bombers Of the Royal Air Force will
also soon make their appearance in the
Pacific. They carry very heavy bomb
loads, but for even ahorter distances
Evening star., 1945-05-30

Recently q high Allied general said
that some people in Germany will 60
hungry next winter" Although prog
ress Is being made In taking out Of
Germany those slave laborers whom the
Nazis had brought in by the millions, 1t
Is obvious that the general has made
q great understatement.
Many top Washington officials fear
that the situation will get much worse
before 1t gets better.
While they feel that the conference
between President Truman and former
President Hoover will produce results for
the rest Of Europe, these officials do
not hold much hope for improvement
in the fare Of the German people.
In the first place, the United States
has the problem OF supplying its own
military forces. While discharge Of
thousands Of soldiers is we'll under way,
there are many thousands who will re-
main in Europe and other thousands
who will 60 to the Pacific theater. Re-
sponsibility of keeping these men fed
will continue. of course.
Then, aside from the fact that civilian
upkeep at home remains a problem,
there Is the knowledge that whatever
we can spare will 60 to those countries
lOuSHt Illc SCIIldIlS ana not 10
the Germans themselves. Many in
France, Holland, Belgium and other of
the Allied nations have been hungry for
months and 1t will fall to our lot to see
that every effort Is made to supply them
with food
There is another factor which enters
into Germanys food situation-Rus-
sia's occupation OF the Reich's bread
basket.
+ 4
That section Of Germany which is to
be under control of the Western Allies
is not productive of large amounts of
foodstuff; 1t is the Soviet-controlled
areas that have formerly supplied the
Germany people with edibles. And it
Is safe to say that the Russians will
emphasize the feeding of their own
long hungry people before distributing
supplies to their defeated enemies
Whereas in Western Germany the
British will have control over areas
Evening star., 1945-05-30
'Operution Pluto

Snort though the elapsed time has
been since We day, series of news
items of the "now-it-can-be- told"
variety is revealing wartime secrets
which contributed notably to the
Allied victory over the German foe.
Probably the most striking of these
stories to date is that termed "Oper-
alton Pluto"-the system of pipelines
laid under the English Channel
which pumped oil from Britain to
France. This ingenious engineering
feat ranks alongside the famous ar
tif1cial harbors installed on the Nor
mandy beaches as a prime factor in
the success Of the Allied invasion
which first broke the outer ramparts
OF Hitler's Fortress Europe" and
finally crushed the last Nazi opposi-
ton in the heart of Germany itself.
The germ of the idea was sug-
gested by a type of flexible piping
long used as the outer cover for
submarine electric power cables.
British engineers developed an adap-
tation known as HAS, entirely hol-
low yet capable Of being wound
around huge drums which could be
towed across wide stretches Of water
and laid down like ordinary cables.
Our Army engineers co-operated in
the scheme by letting out contracts
in this country and starting a new
plant for the purpose at Yonkers,
N. Y. Everything was kept so hush
hush that the secret never leaked
out and the very workmen employed
had no clear idea of just what they
were doing. The tempo was so rapid
that, though work here did not begin
until early April of 1914, the first
submarine pipelines were laid from
the Isle of Wight to Cherbourg
shortly after the Allied capture of
that French port only about three
months later. Subsequently, other
lines were laid at narrower points Of
the Channel. At their maximum,
this system pumped more than
100000 gallons of gasoline per day
from Britain to France. Meanwhile,
land connections followed the course
OF the Allied armies clear across
France into Germany, one of the
later outlets being at Frankfort-on-
the Main. ..se.
It is easy to visualize how all this
facilitated the fueling of planes,
mechanical army equipment and
the tremendous fleets of trucks
needed to move men and supplies to
the fluid fighting fronts. Writers on
military topics often marveled at
the manner in which those tasks
were accomplished, since the han.
Evening star., 1945-05-30
Mr.. Stettinius Reports


There is one paragraph in secre-
tary Stettinius' report on the San
Francisco Conference which contains
a plain spoken appraisal Of the in
ternational security organization ex-
pected to emerge from the negotia-
tions now under way. This is what
he said:
have no doubt that the final
charter prepared here will offer great
hope of lasting peace. But cannot
speak so surely when try to answer
the question: Will it work? Will it
keep the peace? For that depends
upon the will to peace with which the
nations of the world support the
charter and build strength into the
world organization. We can do no
more at San Francisco than to estab-
lish the constitutional basis upon
which the world can live without war
if 1t will.
Actually, the American Secretary
of State did not attempt to answer
his own question. Nor could he have
given an assured answer, for no one
can say what the nations of the
world will do tomorrow. He ex-
pressed his own confidence that the
delegates to San Francisco will write
"a strong and democratic charter"
but that is all that they can do. The
real choice between peace and a
third great war will rest to a large
extent with men who are not at San
Francisco-with men who shape the
policies of the Big powers and who
will have the decisive voice in de-
termining whether these policies are
to be fitted into the framework OF
collective security.
Mr.. Stettinius was cautious in his
discussion of some of the difficulties
which have arisen. He warned
against assuming that the great
powers seek to violate pledges rather
than to enforce them. At the same
time, however, he said that the Yalta
agreement with respect to Poland
has not yet been carried out" and
he conceded that this was "disap-
pointing" If the American people
could know why this phase of the
Yalta agreement has not been car
ried out, and if they could be salts
fed that the reasons for the failure
are not inconsistent with good faith,
there would certainly be much less
disposition to fear that pledges will
be violated when they seem to con-
f1ict with immediate national inter-
ests.
The Secretary of State was also
less than explicit in his reference to
protests which have been made
against the possible use of the Sc
curity Council veto power to prevent
even the investigation of controver-
sial matters. There may be valid
reasons why the great powers should
insist upon the right to veto the use
OF force in any situation. But if
this is to be extended to give them
the right to prevent the council from
investigating disputes and recon-
mending settlements. they must ex-
pect that serious doubts will arise
as to their motives in doing so.
For reasons of this nature, 1t is
regrettable that Mr.. Stettinius did
not feel free to discuss these matters
more fully, but it is to be presumed
that he had good grounds for his
reticence. The main purpose Of his
address was to report the fact that
substantial progress is being made
at San Francisco, and that is the
thing which deserves emphasis at
this time.