davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

Continued from Page Onel
few Ford and Studebaker models.
and said prices for other models
and other cars would be along as
soon as details could be worked
out. These include the GM makes.
which are to be cut.
Bowles gave no indication AT all
OF ceilings for Hudson, Nash. Pack
ard, Crosley, WHY'S or the new
Fraser-Kaiser cars. OF these he
said either that calculations had
not been completed or that produc-
ton is still some distance" in the
future.
Auto dealers pleas for outright
exemption from the requirement
that they absorb some Of manufac-
turers higher production costs were
turned down by the OPA chief.
But their traditional pre-war dis
count Of u per cent on manufactur-
ers' prices is not being trimmed as
much as they feared The cut will
be 20 percentage points. giving
them a revised initial profit margin
OF 2l.j per cent.
Dealers reacted quickly TO the an
nouncement that their discount
is being trimmed.
In Cincinnati where the execu-
tive committee OF the National Au.
tomobile Dealers is in session. Pres
ident W. l.. Mallon said the organ.
ization was disappointed but not
surprised"
Mallon said that in the opinion
OF MAZDA the decision is not justi.
fled either by the limited
studies made by OPA. nor the sec
ton Of the pricing act upon which
Mr.. Bowles bases his claim Of
right TO alter discount margins"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
Forest Avenue R. R.
Bridge Under Repair

Repair work on the New York
Central Forest Ave. bridge will be
completed In about three weeks. &C
cording to the contractors handling
the work. Work began on the
bridge recently as a result Of decay
OF the concrete under structure,
above and below the water line.
Under high air pressure, new ce-
ment is being forced into the cavi-
ties caused by the decay. A new bed
In the center pier OF the bridge will
be laid before the job is completed.
Two other repair crews~are work.
ing on the tracks OF the New York
Central line Just west OF the city.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
MRS. IDA D. cAMMErr

Saline. Nov. 9-Mrs. Ida D. Cam.
NETT, IS, passed away early this
morning at Saline Hospital after a
short Illness She was born October
5. 1860 in Saline Township. She
was the daughter OF Row and Dian
ma Corbertt. Oct. 2S. 1884 she mar
ried Frank f. Camme.t who died
Feb -. 1927. They had one daugh-
ter, Odessa, who died at the age OF
two.
She is survived by son. Harold
Roscoe. two sisters. Mrs. Olive
Eashck OF Milford and Mrs. Bertha
Needham OF Toledo. Five grandsons
and a great granddaughter.
Funeral services will be Wednes.
day at 2 O'Clock at the Lockwood
Funeral Home. Burial will be in the
lakewood Cemetery. Friends may
call at the funeral home.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

Near the end OF the first hour
wheat was unchanged 10 y lower
than the previous close, corn was
unchanged at ceiling. oa:s we're a
% 3iS off. rye was ! rs cent down
to 3iS higher. and barley was un.
changed TO 3|S down.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

Police were investigating several
cenies today, as city residents
ported articles stolen over he
extend. A garage owned by Ar
II Rob.nett. 534 Davis s., was
,ken into. and four wheels and
IS removed from his car, in addi-
n 10 camera and a blanket.
ur wheels and tires were taken
m the car owned by Henry Col
5. 56S Davis St. 4 tire and tube
re taken from the trunk OF car
ned by George Clemens, trailer
Ypsi Lodge, Saturday, and two
bcaps were stolen from Horace
car while II was parked in
Mt o. ll6 Hamilton St
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

VEWOKO. OBla.-AP-A nation.
lie hunt for Matt Kimes centered
this eastern oklahoma area to-
y after a Wewoko theater manag-
reported the one-time kid ban
p -obbed him OF $1,000 in box
&c receipts.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
VEGETABLES


BEETS-No. l. 75c-Sl doz. bchs.
CABBAGE-No. /. 10000 bu.
CARROTS-No. !, 6O-75c dog. bchs.
CELERY-Root No. /. $l-1.25 doz.
punches.
CAULlFLOWER No. /, $l5O-l75
bu.
DRY ONIONS-No. /. slsO.2.lO
so ID. sack.
GREEN ONIONS No. /, 75c-&l.0O
doz. bchs.
POTATOES-New, No. !. $780,
2.5C 100 ID. sack.
PARSLEY-Curly, No. l, 90 1jc
doz. bchs.
PARSNIPS-No. l. Sl25-1.50 y bu.
PEPPERS-Green No. l,S250-3jO
bu.
RADIsHEs-New. No. /, 5000
doZ bchs
RUTABAGAS-No. l, $l.00-l.25 bu.
SQUASH-Hubbard, bu. No. |,
Sl.25-l.75.
TOMATOES-No. !. 500 lilo.
basket.
TURNlPS-No. !. 75c-Sl.OO do1.
bChs.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
I psilanti Briefs
L Bucks

Kenneth knight. Stony Creek
=, an employee OF the Normal Col
e. returned 10 the city today
h an eigh. point buck shot uea-
ughton Lake. Thursday James
llsf, former YpsiIauti resident
yged his buck near Sou'h Board
n, Thursday morning az $50
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
Rotary

Continued from Page One)
been reversed and the area pur-
chases more than 1t produces. Pat
ronage dividends are issued which
accrue as savings to the purchas-
ers
In closing, Mr. Brown expressed
the hope that the record OF the
organization warranted the in.
creased confidence Of the business
community and that relations might
be constantly improved.
Rotary bond sales as reported
showed a growing interest in the
campaign, more than half OF the
club members having already met
their quota.
Visitor" present were Miss Bea.
trice JOrgensen. Harlow T.. Laing,
Mort Crittenden, Roy II. Losey,
Harry l.. Losey, A. A. Annheim,
Jesse H7wens. Dan H. Ellsworth,
George > Elliott. Emory Mulhol,
land, William Hayes. 1t. r. II.
Lichtcnfelt; Rev. J. W. Parrish.
Milan; Edward Felzinger, Clinton,
and Jack Minzey, Roosevelt School.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
emsn Called

\ naring up Of two faulty oil
lters caused the CITY Fire De
-tment TO make two runs sunday
.ning, 20 the home O; Joe Elton.
lI2 f. Michigan Ave. and 10
, home OF Paul Speer, 566 Mildred
No fires developed.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

COLOMBO, Ceylon-UP-George
de silva. president OF the Ceylon
national congress, today cabled the
British colonial secretary to urge
that dominion status be granted to
Ceylon Immediately.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

Spanish decorations OF the Mid
die Ages frequently combined
Moorish an Christian motifs.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
Eaas

Eggs
Michigan graded eggs In case LOT
sizes FOB Detroit.
Whites: Grade A large Sc, medl-
UNI 81, small 43. grade B medium
49,; small 4Oi2.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

When yoU rubber casters stick
Use castor oil 10 luJrigate them.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
thar Summoned

Irs. Luther Kisor returned
ursday from Minneapolis, where
!, had been called by the death
her mother. Mrs. Ada Morris.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
Fruit

APPLES-Wealthy, No. l, S4sl 49,
10. bu.; Mcintosh, No. l. S!Sl;
Snow, No /, siSl; Jonathans,
No. /. $lSl bu.
PEARS-No. !. bu. S300.3j0
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19
Daily Market Report

HOGS: 500: Active. Hogs a:
Sl5.25 ceiling SONS. stays SlA5O
ceiling.
CATTLE 800: steers steady.
Cows and bulls steady. Medium tat
cows SS.25-9.25; cutters $725-175.
weighty Gamers s5.25-7OO: light
thin Gamers $f25-5.25: dairy heif.
ers S9.25-l0.00; fat heifers sl0.5O.
ll.15; few to S12.75; lightweight
bulls S6.75-S.25: thin down to $5.75:
mediumweights SS.5O-975: heavy.
weights SlO.75-l175; few fancy to
$500.
CALVES 200; steady Good $3.50
ceiling.
SHEEP 400: steady. Good $500.
600; few to $500; culls S5.00-5. 90;
lambs about steady. Bes. to $500:
bulk Sl45O-15.O0; mediums $3.50
1880: culls Sl0.00-1100.
EGGS
Michigan graded eggs in case
lots FOB Detroit:
Whites: Grade A extra large
5Si5; large 56-56ts; medium 81.
5lia; small 4243: Grade b large
40: small 4O&.
Browns; Grade A large Sc: medi.
um 81; small IS.
Grain futures we're easy today
but there were no outstanding loss
es and trade was very light.
Winnipeg rye promptly fell the
one cent a bushel limit for he
third straight session, causing
some selling here.
Trade in wheat was very thin
and small transactions affected
prices more than usual
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-19

National 6roadesstlne Company
RED NETWORK-NLW 200, WV
$50. WMAQ go.
ABC NETWORK - WXYZ 1870,
VIVIAN 1850.
Columbia 8roadcastins Company
WJ3 200. WBBM $50. WCKY 1880.
WFBM 1860, VICAR 1850. WBNS.
1860 WOOD 1910.
Mutual eroe deastlns Company
RED NETWORK - CKLW 500
WJBK 1890. WGN 40.
Tonight
NBC-S-Cayalcade drama, 81
Count the Days"
9:Oo-Lily Pons IN voorhees, con
cert;
9:3O-Informa:ion Please, Robert
Montgomery;
l0:3O-L Q. Quiz;
CBS-7:30-Bob Hawk Quiz:
S:30-Joan Davis comedy,
10:OO-SCreen Guild,
ABC-S-Lum and Abner:
S:30-Pacisic Serenade:
9:00-Memo to America:
9:30-Swinging on Golden Gate;
I0.00-Hoosier Hop.
Bulldog Drummond;
S:3O-Sherlock Holmes;
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Nazis FoiIed Girls Plot
To Blast Gas Chamber
By the Associated Press.

LUENEBURG, Germany. Sept. %
Six Polish girls once plotted te
blow up the Oswiecim concentration
camps Infamous gas chamber ano
crematorium, but four of them were
found out and hanged, a Polish
Jewess testified today before the
British military court trying As de-
PENDANTS in the Belsen and Oswie-
cim war criminals case.
Lydia Sonszajn, 18th witness in
the trial, said "the Germans couldn't
find the fifth girl and 1 was the
sixth"
She also volunteered that one oil
the defendants, Anna Hampel, had
secret love for Frenchman work
ing in the Belsen cookhouse.
she tried to f1irt with the
Frenchman, but he was reluctant
so she beat him all the time." Miss
SonsZajn in testified.
The other defendants turned and
stared at the blushing cook when
this bit of testimony came out. ano
then broke into giggles.
The witness said the six girls
worked in the camps powder fac
tory and managed to steal enough
explosive to blow up the gas cham
ber, where thousands were put tc
death They also stole wire cut
tiers to cet through the surround
ing fe :, but their plan was dis.
covere a few days before they
could execute it.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Pay Talks May Avert
|Wa|kouf Of $1,000
|C|0 Lumber Workers
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PORTLAND, Greg, Sept. o.
Hope that the CLOS wage increase
demand may be settled by negotia-
tions, without recourse to a strike
authorized by 81 900 workers, bright
ened the Northwest lumber picture
today.
The International Woodworkers
of America (CIO) announced it
would accept Labor Department
offer to negotiate with employers
Wednesday. Members, however,
will be held 'in readiness for use
of strike action pending the meet
ing's outcome, the IVA said.
Entering its fifth day, a strike of
$4,000 AFL workers seeking a $l10
hourly minimum appeared no near
er solution. The IVA Negotiating
Committee declared the AFL was
mot striking for a wage increase,
but for establishment of an indus
try committee which was denied by
the employers" before a three-man
concilation commission.
The CIO-IWA, which wants Is
tcent-hourly wage boost, said the
increase was needed ito compensate
for lost take-home pay income
caused by shorter work week" and
to meet higher living costs and
unfair taxes. The Iva also recon-
mended: Cd A five-day work week,
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Housing Association
Defends Compromise
SIum Clearance Bill

The Washington Housing Associa.
ton, a Community Chest agency
which for years has battled for slun
clearance in the District, today de.
! Tended the Burton Cap.
per compromise slum clearance anc
redevelopment bill.
The Senate District Committee
Is to be congratulated for having
drafted and reported a bill which
gives such promise for the redevelop.
ment of our slums and blightec
areas" the Legislative Committee o1
the association said.
Meanwhile, the National Public
Housing Conference went on record
as opposing the measure. In a
statement, Lee F. johnson, execu-
tive vice president of the conference
declared it runs contrary to all
experience and is obviously aimed
to set a national precedent which,
if carried out, would destroy effec-
tive slum clearance and public low
rent housing"
The bill, representing a compro-
mise among proponents of several
slum clearance plans, authorizes
$40, 100000 to start housing develop
ments. which would be undertaken
by private builders.
The funds would be used to pur.
chase sites. Under the plan, the
Government would take over slun
clearance only if private builders
failed to proceed.
The bill was approved Monday by
subcommittee of the Senate Dis.
trict Committee and unanimously
reported to the Senate Tuesday by
the District Committee
Meanwhile, a spokesman for the
CIO United Automobile Workers
joined in the effort of officers of the
American Federation of Labor tc
block action on the bill.
r. ]. Thomas Asks Delay.
r. J. Thomas, UAW president anc
vice president of the CIO, wrote te
Senate Majority Leader Barkley
asking that action on the measure
be deferred until hearings are helc
on the Wagner-Ellender nationa
housing and redevelopment bill.
The District bill contains provi-
sions which. if adopted, would COM
NIT the Senate to completely un-
sound and unavoidable public hous-
ing principle" Mr.. Thomas wrote
For instance, it defines private low
rent housing as rentals not exceed
ing $13 per room, which means
rentals as high as $65 per month
could be permitted.
"At the same time, 1t limits public
low-rent housing to the lowest in
come fifth of the population ano
thus eliminates from public housing
projects large group of industria
workers who are unable to pay pri-
vate rentals. This provision, when
translated, makes the bill poor re-
lief measure"
Evening star., 1945-09-28

(2) maintenance of full crews, not
one man performing "the work OF
two or three" as in wartime; CD an
eight-hour daily shift.
The War Labor Board announced
it will act at once on the 1914 wage
cases Of the Iwa-same as present
demands-with briefs to be filed by
employers and the union by Wednes-
day.
Friction appeared imminent be-
tween the two unions in the Grays
1arbor, Wash, district, where AFI
workers out on strike turned down
a CIO demand that they stop picket
ing 16 lumber operations with CIC
employees. The AFL withdrew from
the CIO plant of the St. Paul anc
Evening star., 1945-09-28
France, China May Gel
Balkan Voice Through
.Biq Three Deadlock
By The Associated Press.

I by Inc associated Press.
! LONDON, Sept. 28.-Despite
Russian inSiStence that France
and China be excluded from dis
cussions of Balkan peace treat
les. Informed observers today
said the question might revert
to the full Conference of Foreign
Ministers unless an American
British-Russian procedural dead
lock could be broken.
The Foreign Ministers of the Big
Three powerS-Secretary of State
Byrnes, Soviet Foreign Commissar
Vyacheslav M. Molotov and British
Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin-
have been conferring on the pro-
cedure for drafting treaties with
Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria in
an attempt to reach some measure
of agreement before the council is
adjourned.
AS the 25th formal session of the
| council was about to be convened
some officials acknowledged that the
procedural impaSse arose when the
Russians felt they were fighting a
losing Council battle for Balkan in
fiuence and wanted to reduce the
number of adversaries.
Some delegates said the Russian
argument, based on the decision at
| Potsdam that armistice signatories
should draw up the treaties, was a
good one, but added that the others
were reluctant to abandon the five
nation principle.
Supported by the British and
t Americans, the French bitterly pros
tested the Russian attitude.
London press comment on the
conference switched from bitter
criticism of Russias attitude to
exhortations to the public to remain
patient in its hopes for permanent
peace. But the liberal weekly New
Statesman lashed out at the con-
ference as fantastic" and accused
Russia and the United States of
grabbing all they can in exclusive
interests"
Describing American foreign policy
as 'egotistic, and indeed in the Far
East openly imperialistic," the week
ly said. Japan is regarded as an
American base to be exploited by
United States business and main
tanned as military asset" The
paper charged that the five powers
had failed to agree on great issues
on which the life or death of society
depends"
The Greek government added q
complication last night by announc-
ing reparations claims of $2,677 ,063,-
900 against Italy, which it said would
be pressed at the peace conference.
! The American attitude has been
that reparations claims against Italy
should be waived.
However, there was some progress
on lesser issues at the conference
For example, the Russians agreed
/ to French demands that goods stolen
! by the Nazis should be returned to
previous owners before German
stocks are combed for reparations.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Lewis Asks Operators
To See Him Monday
On Coal Mine Strikes
Pv the Associated Press

BY he Associated Press.
John l.. Lewis today requested
the bituminous coal operators Ne
goIiating Committee to meet him
Monday on the mine foremens dis
pute which has thrown 36, 900 work.
ers into idleneSs.
Mr.. Lewis informed Ezra Van
Horn, chairman of the committee,
at Cleveland, that failure on the
part of you and your associates to
accept this invitation will leave the
United Mines Workers of America
free to take such independent action
as may be required"
The dispute has closed 79 mines in
Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
Mr.. Lewis asked for the confer
ence at 2:30 pm. Monday for the
purpose of settling the question in
volved and abating the controversy
that now runs riot and imperils the
coming winter supply of coal"
The mine workers president
blamed the refusal of the operators
W lSSoSiilLC bilC OJAGCu SiCl
Technical and Supervisory Workers
Union for the strikes in major soft
coal producing areas The clerical
union is branch of the UNIV, dis
trict so.
1T Is a major convulsion which
stems from the refusal of you and
your associates to permit the right
of union membership and collective
bargaining to be granted to the
$4,000 foremen, supervisors and
technicians of various classifications
in the mining industry Mr.. Lewis
said in his telegram to Mr.. Van
Horn
For four years you have repulsed
every suggestion of these men to
grant them the right of organiza-
ton. Notwithstanding that Congress
-" has granted them that privilege.
This Office has repeatedly warned
you that your policy of suppression
and harassment, and ofttime perse-
cution of these men would inevitably
result in the present turbulence of
the industry"
Evening star., 1945-09-28
University to Get Funds

Northern Ireland will make ad-
| ditional grants totaling $1,000, 900
| to Queens University this year.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Cumberland Farley Fails
To End CeIanese Dispute
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
CUMBERLAND, Md, Sept 28.-
The 9,100 workers at the CelaneSe
Corps Cumberland plant were
scheduled to ballot today on whether
they favored a strike after a last
minute attempt to settle the dispute
failed last night when the company
turned down union proposal for a
blanket 10 cents an hour increase in
pay.
Fred T. Small, manager of the
Cumberland plant and vice president
of the corporation, said the company
had offered an increase and a
counter proposal, made by members
of Local 1874 of the Textile Work
ers' Union (CIO), was turned down
to avoid inequities."
The balloting, under the super
vision of the National Labor Rela-
tions Board, will continue until
7 pm.
The union has called a member
ship meeting for tomorrow TO hear
a report from its Negotiating Com
mittee and to decide on a further
course of action.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
FOUND.

COCKER SPANIEL, female, black, about
; II years old. with iroculation tag Phila.
concern). Cell WA. 6361
VOC, small black and white: found in
arlington. GL. 1900.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
Mon Out Under Bond
On Numbers Churoe

Marion Evans, so, colored, 100
block of G street NV, was released
under $500 bond yesterday after
being arrested and charged with
operating lottery and possessing
numbers slips. Police said he was
observed taking list of slips from
a man in a room near Evans home
Arresting Officers Howard Ogle
and Paul H. Clarke. of Inspector
Oscar J. Letterman's gambling
SQUAD, said quantity of numbers
slips we're confiscated
Guatemala is building low-cost
houses to eliminate slums.
Evening star., 1945-09-28

Tacoma Lumber Co. after a similar
CIO protest.
The Northwest fuel situation grew
steadily more critical. OPA officials
estimated 4O0,0 homes in Wash
ington, Oregon and Idaho use wood
for heating and cooking.
Evening star., 1945-09-28
SchweIIenbach Faces
Tough Job in Effort
To End Oil Strike
Ey the Associated Press.

A personal attempt to settle the
critical oil strike is giving Secretary
of Labor Schwellenbach the toughest
task of his cabinet career.
1t also supplies an opportunity to
test the current Government policy
of persuasion for handling recon-
version labor disputes. The alterna-
tive is compulsion enforced by plant
seizures. Mr.. Schwellenbach wants
to avoid this.
Oil industry and labor representa-
tlves have accepted the Secretary's
invitation to move their deadlocked
negotiations from Chicago to WASH
1ngton. The cabinet officer plans to
take a leading part in the resumed
talks tomorrow and Sunday.
Situation Summarized.
Here's the situation he faces:
l. Already $4,000 refinery workers
are on strike in eight States with
key ref1neries shut down in Texas
and Illinois. The CIO Oil Workers
International Union threatens a Ma
tion-wide strike involving 25O,0OO il
negotiations fail.
2. There is deadline for settle
ment: The Labor Secretary said oil
supplies will begin to get critically
short by the middle of next week.
The Army and Navy advised him,
he told reporters, that they cant
get along beyond next week" unless
the strike-curtailed production is
resumed fully.
3. Workers and companies had a
warning from Secretary of the In
terror IckeS that the strike is slow
Ing down return of troops from
abroad because ships need fuel oil.
The very security of our armed
forces and our military position is
threatened" said the messages from
Mr.. Ickes in his role as petroleum
administrator.
Warren Issues Warning.
Edgar L. Warren, chief of the re-
organized Cancellation Service, told
the negotiators before they broke
Up their Chicago sessions that the
VII up lCSOIlN
sion more than any other strike at
this time"
This was when Mr.. Warren pre-
sented Mr. Schwellenbach's invita-
ton to adjourn to Washington. He
asked in the nick of time, because
the negotiations were reported near
collapse.
Mr.. Schwellenbach said industry
opposition to discussions on an in
dustry-wide basis diverted attention
in the Chicago talks from the main
issue of the unions 80 per cent wage
increase demand The companies
said they would go along for Is per
cent increase.
The Labor Secretary's first move
here, he said, will be to assure both
sides that the Government has no
intention of forcing industry wide
negotiations in disputes.
No Plans for Seizures.
In the case .of the oil strike. he
added, it developed so fast there
simply wasn't time to deal with each
firms troubles individually.
4 feel that if we can get together
on some basis so the workers will get
back to work, we can iron out details
later" Mr.. Schwellenbach asserted.
He added that separate contracts
could be drawn if issues are once
settled broadly.
Mr.. Schwellenbach said he knew
Of no plans for seizure of Oil fields
and refneries to restore production.
Aides said if any such action is
taken, it probably win apply only to
facilities supplying the military. This
could result in stopping the flow of
oil and gasoline to motorists and
civilian industrial plants while keep
ing the armed forces supplied.