davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-11

The Allies have adoped two methods
in their effort to restore democracy
among their enemies IN this war: One
Is the harsh, dour method which is
being enforced in the Reich; the other
Is the "velvet glove" policy adopted in
Japan. Which will give the best results
remains to be seen.
The Allies have decided to start from
scratch with the German people who
will not be permitted for some time to
have their own national government;
neither will they be allowed for a num-
ber of years to become once more a
national entity Their industry and
national economy have been completely
destroyed and the Germans will be
compelled to rebuild their country with
out outside assistance on an agricul-
tural rather than an industrial basis.
Large portions of the former Reich
territory have been annexed by its VIC
tors and more are likely to be taken
away from her. The European members
of the United Nations who have lived
for almost a century in fear Of Ger
many's militaristic aggression are hope
full that q much shrunken Germany
with q browbeaten population divided
by new frontier barriers will give them
the much desired security in the future.
No less than $4,000 900 people from a
population of $1,000 900 inhabitants al
ready have been transferred from east
of the Elbe River to Eastern Poland and
Russia. More may follow in the near
future The division Of the Reich to-
gether with the uprooting OF large
proportion of Its population is expected
by the Allied policy trainers to bring
security in Europe.
Defeat has been brought home to
the German people in manner never
experienced by any European nations.
The supreme Allied Council in Berlin,
composed of Americans. Russians.
British and French, has only nominal
authority over the Reich. But In fact
the military commander Of each OF
the four zones in which Germany has
been divided runs his bailiwick accord
ing to the lights Of the government he
represents.
In Japan and in portions OF Korea
Gen. Macarthur runs his show as he
deems fit. He is being, OF course, sd-
vised by Washington about major poll
cies, but on the whole he is his own
master. The representatives OF the 9TH
er Allied powers have consultative
voice, but are not in a position to in
fiuence his decision.
The policy in regard to Japan is far
more liberal than that adopted in Eu-
rope. Since it is assumed that the 80.-
900, 900 japanese people want to be
ruled by their Emperor they have been
permitted to do so provided, however,
that Hirohito and the government re-
sponsible to him obey literally the Or
ders and instructions given by Ameri-
can authorities.
In accordance with the Potsdam dec
laration, which was conceived and
drafted by the American government
and approved by the other interested
nations, our policy is to restore Japan
Evening star., 1945-09-11
The London Conference

IL is fQlIucuIC TO eXdggeraLe the
Importance of the Council of For
eign Ministers which convenes in
London today. This is the interna-
tional body set up by the Potsdam
Conference to examine and settle by
regular diplomatic procedure the
tangled mass of problems left be-
hind by World War II. As such, 1t
is in itself constructive step, super
seding the emergency conferences
held between the Big Three chief
executives. from Teheran to Pots
dam. Although at the start it will
be restricted to the Big Five Omitted
States, Britain, Soviet Russia, France
and China), which are to be perma-
nent members. 1t will be enlarged as
occasion demands by representatives
of other states in matters affecting
them. Thus. the council seems des-
tined to assume the character of a
peace conference. though one held
in installments rather than for one
grand occasion, like Versailles and
others in the past. That Install
ment" method conforms with the
idea held by many authoritative
students of international affairs that
an evolutionary settlement of the
wars aftermath. spread over a con-
siderable period of time, is sounder
than one attempted at a single
stroke.
OF course. there are certain prob
lens whose urgency demands prompt
treatment, and some of these are
indicated in those immediate i'm
portant tasks" set down in the Pots
dam declaration. Top priorities are
assigned to the preparation of a
peace settlement with Germany in
anticipation Of the time when the
conquered Reich will again have an
acceptable regime authorized to sign
treaty with the victorious Allies,
and to similar settlements with Bull
garia, Finland, Hungary, Italy and
Rorania.
The German settlement is likely to
prove less difficult of treatment, be-
cause the groundwork was already
laid at PotSdam. But in regard to
Italy and the Balkan states there
are obviously wide differences in
viewpoint and policy between the
western powers and the Soviet
Union. On a constructive adjust
ment Of those differences the sue
cess, not merely of the present con-
ference but perhaps of the entire
council idea may depend.
The probabilities are that the cur
rent session of the Council will at
least raise and tentatively explore
other questions, such as the atomic
bomb, the internationalizatio of
inland waterways, including the cru
cial Dardanelles. the disposition of
Axis colonial possession or former
League mandates, and the treat
ment Of Japan. Those are merely
the high lights of an impressive
agenda before the Council of For
eign Ministers which must be con-
sidered, If not at the current session,
then at subsequent meetings.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Compromise Expected.

Inc TWO cnleI OBJECTIONS to the
Kilgore unemployment compensa-
tion bill which have been stressed
during Senate hearings are based,
first, on the fear that the proposed
$25 maximum for twenty-six weeks
OF unemployment - made uniform
for all the States-would upset pres
ent scales based on local economic
conditions; second, that the bill
would make it possible for the
States to make the maximum bene-
fit applicable to two-thirds of prev
ious weekly earnings, or to a person
who had been earning $3.50. It
was argued this rate of benefit pay
ment would be too high in some
localities to offer any incentive for
new employment.
In recent years the States in
which most of the displaced war
workers are found have increased
their benefits, both as to weekly
rates and length of payment, until
they are not substantially below the
proposed SIS maximum. In Michi-
gan, for example. the weekly rates
plus allowance for dependents-are
even higher. The opposition from
the States to uniform rates and the
suspicious regarding liberalization"
of unemployment insurance prob
ably will be stronger than the forces
supporting the Kilgore bill.
The laundry industry in Illinois
presented an interesting comparison
presumably representing it as typ
ical-of the proposed $25 maximum
with prevailing rates for laundry
workers there. Some of these work.
ers, it was testified, went into essen
tial war work which paid $45 week.
The laundries are prepared now to
offer $27.2o. But payroll deductions
would bring this $2720 down to
about $23.40, which would be less
than an eligible applicant for un-
employment insurance would receive
for not working. 1t is true that un-
employment compensation would
not be paid to those who decline
suitable" employment. But there
seems to be disagreement as to the
precise meaning of suitable" and
the definition might vary with State
administrators.
Senator Vandenberg has suggested,
a compromise which seems to over
come both types of objection to-
the Kilgore bill. He suggests that
the added Federal payment for un-
employment insurance would begin
after beneficiary had exhausted
his rights under the State law. This
would have the distinct advantage
OF prolonging the period In which
compensation is available.
1t undoubtedly is necessary to
make special provision for displaced
war workers during reconversion
and some plan will, of course. be
found acceptable. In the meantime,
1t should be urged that whatever
plan finally Is adopted cover all
classihcations Of Federal workers.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Paul P. Cret

! Few men of his time have left so
many monuments as Paul P. Cret.
He was an artist Of the very greatest
distinction, and he will be remem-
bered as long as the structures he
created Standard longer, too, as
they take their respective places in
recorded history. The Folger Shake
speare Library undoubtedly was his
greatest achievement. It is, as the
donors always considered 1t, "a
pearl" among modern works of
architecture.
But DR.. Cret had accomplished
many notable triumphs before he
came to East Capitol street. Born
in Lyons, France, October 23, 1875,
he was educated at the fine arts
schools of his native city and of Paris
and through those institutions re-
ceived the discipline of the Classic
tradition to which, despite more
than little pressure from the age
In which he lived, he remained faith
full all his life. From 1908 to 1887
he served as professor of design at
the University of Pennsylvania.
Meanwhile, he was associated with
Albert Kelsey in the execution of
the drawings for the Pan American
Building on Seventeenth street here,
with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary
In the Indianapolis Public Library
and the Detroit Institute of Arts,
and with Smith and Bassette in the
County Building at Hartford. His
independent designs included the
Federal Reserve Board Building, the
Central Heating Plant and the CAL
vert Street Bridge in Washington,
the Valley Forge Memorial Arch and
the Delaware Bridge in Philadelphia,
the Hall of Science at the Century
Of Progress Exposition in Chicago.
new buildings for the University of
Texas and for the Military Academy
at West Point and the Naval Acad-
emy at Annapolis. The enterprises
In which he probably found the
keenest satisfaction were the
Chateau Thierry, Bony, Waereghem
and Gibraltar war memorials into
which he put his love for the country
of his birth as we'll as that for the
country of his adoption.
No adequate conception of DR..
Cret's career, however, can be OBJ
tanned from mere reading of a list
OF the projects to which he con-
tributed his genius. In order to
appreciate him fully, 1t is necessary
to consider the pure and lovely grace
Of the buildings he brought into
existence. He was possessed of
powers of Imagination of the highest
order. but he also was gifted with
the force OF character required for
translating dreams into realities.
Whatever he touched took on some
element Of the strength that was In
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Disqualified as JUDGES?

Four months before the attack on
Pearl Harbor the Germans were
overrunning large areas Of Russia
and many German divisions were
deployed opposite the British Isles
along the Channel coast. The Ital-
ians were massing troops in North
Africa and the Japanese were giving
evidence of preparation for war,
without much doubt as to which side
they would be on.
In the United States an Army OF
about 100000, hurriedly drafted
and trained, faced dissolution. For
the National Guard units, reserve
officers and inductees could not be
kept in service longer than one year
unless Congress proclaimed a ma
tional emergency or unless the Sc
lective Service Act was amended and
the period of service extended. After
a pretty tough battle, the extended
service was approved in the Senate,
44-28, and in the House by vote OF
203-202. Thus. four months before
Pearl Harbor, the new army then
being built was saved from dissolv-
ing into thin air by a margin of one
vote.
In selecting the members of Con-
.gress to investigate responsibility for
the Pearl Harbor catastrophe. it will
be interesting to see whether any of
the fourteen Democrats and thirteen
Republicans who voted against the
draft act extension in the Senate,
or any OF the 65 Democrats and 1873
Republicans who voted against 1t in
the House. will be selected to sit in
judgment on those who might be
found culpable In connection with
Pearl Harbor.
Evening star., 1945-09-11

his Interpretation of the bill with the
bill itself indicates that the President
would gladly accept amendments to the
bill which would soften its positive as
surance that the Government must
finance work for every one who wants
to work.
The program of spending which the
message suggests will not be clear until
the budget message is issued four
months hence. But taken as a whole,
1t is about what everybody expected.
There will be general agreement that
considerable body of public works
should be authorized very soon. The
regional plans for the valleys of the
Columbia, the Missouri, the Arkansas
and the Central Valley of California
are commended and Congress is asked
to proceed with them "ss rapidly as
possible"
The expenditures suggested can hardly
be kept within Treasury receipts, even
when credit is given for receipts from
the sale Of surplus property and war
plants. To that extent, the message is
infiationary, and that may be the reason
for the frolic OF the Wall Street bulls
But the calm tone Of the message may
have been a factor In the Wall Street
reaction also.
The very length Of the message, how
ever, is an indication that the Presi-
dent and his advisers are not clear
about the future Verbosity is the child
Of uncertainty. That uncertainty is the
reason why no assurance Is given Of an
early removal of wartime controls. The
message is not nearly 50 reassuring on
that score as was President wilson's
message in December, 1918.
What President Truman gives US is .
mixture of the Roosevelt CIO program,
the reafirmation Of belief in private
enterprise and an earnest prayer that q
boon may begin which will make gov
ernmental planning unnecessary.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
An Old-FaShi0ned Message
By RAYMOND M oley

President Truman revived q good old
American custom in giving Congress
long omnibus message including every
thing, even the kitchen stove. Such
quiet outpouring Of words Is calming. 1t
makes US realize that the old America
ID still with us-the America Of surries
and hoopskirts and the McGuffey Read
ers. It is in the presidential habit Of
Grover Cleveland and William McKin-
ley. That old America, after all, is the
basis and strength OF our new stream
lined Nation which stretches its armed
might from the Elbe River to the
Yellow Sea.
We have become bit worn and
nervous with presidential personal ap-
pearances and with short rescripts to
Congress. Mr.. Trumans series OF recon-
mendations is something for Congress
men to null over. 1t outlines winters
work. Congressman will not live from
day to day, without knowing what Is
coming next. Altogether, the way Presi-
dent Truman does things, as well as
the substance of what he says, will help
us back to the feeling OF peace which
we have almost forgotten during these
war years.
Another tine quality about the Tru-
man message is the absence of i'm
patience or bitterness or rancor. There
are no veiled suggestions OF unnamed
bad men who want to scuttle the peace
or bring out old shackles for labor or
thrust farmers into the shadow of
peasantry. Taken as whole, it il q
reasonable document with something
for everybody.
The large space which Mr.. Truman
gives to the problems of labor Is an
indication Of the fear that exists in
washington Of the political conse-
quences which may come from unem-
ployment. The President, once more,
gives his support to the Murray full
employment bill. but . comparison of
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Pointer of q Golden Soma

This artist caught, ,Ditn crumbled je1p-
els OF paint,
The April music lost upon the air;
He brought each note the strong, the
rich, the faint,
70 lifting life upon this eanpased
square.
Here Is the MONDAY simmer through
green lenDes,
That sigh and Whisper upon slim,
shaken stems;
The ground is frauoht NTH shddotp-
lace that ,Dedpes
A shifting pattern made OF snn-
pierced gems.
A high Hellenic joy blotos through these
trees
With liping breath OF edrths efrnp-
tured tune,
And mingled there are slop, sad nselo.
dies
Telling OF beauty that must fdde too
Through centaries your harmony may
ring
O painter OF the golden song OF spring.
REID CROWEILs
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Glad Dogs We're Leashed

To tbs Editor Of The Star:
The reasoning of Fair Play in his
September letter on dog regulations
may be logical, but, when he complains
of obliterating high-spirited dogs, I
publicly must offer thanks for the
leashing regulations. A great deal of
worry, noise and tension has ceased In
my neighborhood since leashing. Small
children, old folks, bicyclists, autoists
and average pedestrians have breathed
easier when using sidewalks and streets.
Best Of ALL dogs biting children have
been traceable to their owners for OBJ
servation and also for acquainting
owners with the need for better train
ing in some cases.
LOVER OF HUMAN RIGHTS.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
No Longer Possible
From the Toronto Globe and NAH.

From the Toronto Globe and Mail.
In the prewar days Britain produced
only about one-third of her food re-
quirements. In 1914 she accomplished
the remarkable feat of raising 80 per
cent OF her domestic requirements of
foodstuffs. Her changed economic cir
cumstances now forbid that she can
resume the Importation of two-thirds
OF her food requirements, because she
has not the trade to pay for such large
volume. Yet even her agricultural in
terests seem agreed that it is not sound
policy to continue a disproportionate
premium on wheat-growing when there
is compelling need for an increase in the
production Of milk and other farm prod
ucts Of high nutritional value.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Opposes Cab Restriction

To the Editor OF The STAR
I certainly hope that the taxi drivers
aren't going TO- get away with restricting
the number of cabs in the District. OF
course. it would be to their advantage.
They have enjoyed 70 much having
everything their own way for 80 long,
they want to keep it that way. They
especially don't want any returning
servicemen getting licenses and spelling
1t all.
When . driver requests license to
serve the public, he should make .
pledge to serve that public, and whom
he falls down on his pledge. his license
should be revoked. He should not be,
allowed to take up room on the streets
If he isn't doing any good there.
N. A. r.
Evening star., 1945-09-11

members of the merchant marine
and other types Of war workers now
ineligible under prevailing State
laws. A travel allowance, to get dis
placed workers out of crowded areas
where unemployment is apt to be
highest. and back to their home
communities, probably would pay
dividends later on in anticipating
the urban relief problem.
Evening star., 1945-09-11

Yamashita. self-styled Tiger OF
Malaga, is safely locked up in Jail.
Now. II something like that could
only be done with the Detroit Tigers,
an even greater victory celebration
could be held in Washington.
Evening star., 1945-09-11

him. Thus he left his mark on the
whole world both directly and, as
in the Federal Commission Of Fine
Arts for example, through his inflv-
ence upon others. No man could ask
a grander privilege.
Evening star., 1945-09-11

Now that the Germans and the
Japs are beaten, how about rheu-
matte fever, cancer and migraine?
Evening star., 1945-09-11

One of the advantages OF peace
will be that people win have time to
attend to other business.
Evening star., 1945-09-11
Letters to The Star
Expresses Fear That Reducing
Germany May Harm u. S,

To the Editor Of The Star:
Reported Allied plans for dismantling
German industry and reducing Germany
to a so-called minimum economy" or
strictly agricultural status, fill me with
misgivings at to the future OF democ-
racy in Europe and the economic health
of that continent.
Aside from the dubious morality OF
forcibly and artificially reducing the liv-
ing standards of the greatest industrial
people in Europe to that of a peasant
class, certain practical aspects demand
consideration.
First: Will the peoples who get the
machines taken from German factories
be able to handle them efficiently so AZ
to supply the needs of the war-ravaged
nations? Races like individuals have
special talents that can be exercised for
good or for evil The Germans have an
acknowledge talent for industry, and
no other European nation or combina-
ton of nations up to the present. has
shown the slightest promise of being
able to supply the needs Of the continent
This is not said In disparagement OF
these peoples. They excel in other ways,
Their talents lie in different direction.
But the basic fact remains that you
cannot make successful engineer or
businessman out of q man born to be
an artist, or wise versa. am afraid that
this experiment will end in failure. with
the machinery dissipated or ruined, and
with the United States faced with the
alternative of clearing out and leaving
Europe in chaos or OF replacing the
machinery in the proper hands under
United States control but out of funds
obtained from the American taxpayer.
Second: Perhaps we could take over
the role that Germany has played in
the modern European economic setup.
But this does not apepar feasible. For
one thing, we will be busy for some
time supplying our own people with
badly needed manufactured goods. Our
plants will be driven to their utmost to
supply the home demand plus what the
South American countries will need.
Furthermore, II We should be able to MI
the demands of Europe as well. how
would we be paid for the materials?
Will broccoli and lettuce be acceptable
In payment for lawn mowers and bicy-
cles? American business and labor
rightly will want real payment for their
products. Our own economy will be
placed in jeopardy by sick and dis
jointed Europe.
1t would be well, therefore, to place
ideas OF retribution in the background
and to weigh each action and readjust-
ment on the scales Of the general
welfare. r. K.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-17

Furniture i mos. old. Liv. nm.
dinette, bedrm. suite. bunk
beds. chiId's chest. dishes. misc
household articles. S425. Deliv-
cred $3.50. Must sell prior to
Dec. IS. Write NJ. L. DarnOld.
AL S.W. 18th ST, Miami 81. or
phone 1928 between ) & Z
pm. decl7-3tX
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-17
ADVERTISING PLAN

On this advertising by the way
my thought IS that first of all
principal advertising should be di-
rected against the tourists after
they get to Florida and the Miami
area and also direct answering OF
letters and inquiries as the Cham
Der of Commerce is now doing.
There should be adequate litera-
ture here for the tourist to ac-
quaint himself with the sights OF
Key West and any other infor-
nation he requires for personal
needs and pleasure seeking. Out
of state advertising to my way
of thinking should be limited to
pictures and news copy sent the
effective publications over the
country which is hungry for this
stuff. Ny belief too is that a
young man, a good writer, should
be hired at a week salary to get
this stuff out and be in charge of
all mail always just as Miami and
Miami Beach publicity agencies
do.