davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-19
Eyewitness
Continued From First Page)

ward the beach, unleasing a fierce
barrage OF thousands of rockets.
Waves Of marines followed within
IS minutes.
Smoke Covers Island.
Smoke and dust covered the entire
island. Two itself looked like a fat
pork chop sizzling in the skillet
as carrier planes swept in under
us, strafing and bombing every in
stallation they could find.
One fighter crashed in flames
just inland from where the marine.
struggled to consolidate their beach
head. In the calm waters on the
island, hundreds of ships maneuv-
cred endlessly while old prewar bat
tleships-New York, Texas, Nevada
Arkansas, Idaho and Tennessee
belched shells from their squat gun
platforms.
There wasn't q single Japanese
plane in the sky.
Two Island appropriately was
named ''hot rock" for the occasion
Of this attack. Our aircraft person
mel chartered furiously over the COM
mand frequency as they took sta
tions for continuing the fight.
Two Navy Photographic planes with
Webley Edwards of CHS, represent
ing the combined networks, and my
self, representing the combined
American press, took of from the
Marianas early this morning, but
Edwards plane was Lucky Louie"
1t got there first and mine, THE
Lemon" lived up to its name and
sprang a disastrous gas leak three
hours out.
After q disheartening return to
Evening star., 1945-02-19
Sixty Priests, Women, Children
lMossocred by Jops in COLLEGE

IneH DlOOd was THICK on the
floor and walls Of this quiet sanctu-
Eary.
Over all hung the sickening stencil
OF death for they had lain that way
for week.
Father Cosgrave escaped in a
dramatic way. After the first attack
he found himself under two or three
others. He remained there until 10
O'Clock that night. Then, when all
was quiet, he crawled painfully up
the stairs into the chapel where he
hid beneath the altar.
Bayoneted Twice In Chest.
Father Cosgraye had been bay
oneted twice in the chest. He re-
mained beneath the chapel for 4
week, living on water drained from
flower vases and waters used for
holy communion.
He frequently crawled from his
hiding place to administer extreme
JUNCTION to those who were dying
from wounds.
Il believe only eight or ten sur
vived OF the 10 in the college," said
the Australian priest who was su-
perior of his order in Manila. He
was permitted to remain out OF in
ternment to look after his church
property.
Nearly half of the victims were
women and children. many of them
babies who died while reaching to-
ward the protection of their parents
hands.
Some had been bayoneted re-
peatedly.
All of the men wore frocks. One
frocked Filipino was bayoneted In
the entranceway OF the chapel while
his hands were bound behind him.
10 Believed to BE Americans.
Ten of the victims were believed te
be American priests. The others in
cluded IA German, two Irish broth
ers Of the De La Sale order, Span
ish family, a prominent Filipino
judge and two doctors.
Father Cosgrave said Brother
Xavier, head of the local college, had
been taken by the Japanese two days
before the massacre in which the
first to die was Brother Leo, be-
lieved to be a former teacher at
De La Sale Academy in New York
AS the final touch OF irony, the
priest said one of the Filipino doc
tors had treated a hip wound of a
Japanese officer only a few hours
before the massacre.
Street fighting continued near this
two-story concrete college as the
ghastly crime was discovered
Earlier, American artillery had
sprayed the building, splattering
debris near Father Cosgrave as he
lay in hiding in the chapel.
Evening star., 1945-02-19
Western Front
Continued From First Page }

Both (Blue Ridge Division cleared
Hommerdingen and advanced a half
mile north to the outskirts OF Nus
baum. Nearby Stockigt was entered.
The 5th Red Diamond Division
won high ground overlooking Hol-
sthum, where the Enz River flows
into the Pruem, 5 miles north Of
Echternach. The 5th now holds 8
miles Of the west bank of the Pruem
and had penetrated 6 miles into
Germany.
A quarter-mile gain placed the
10th Onaway Division less than a
mile southwest Of Minden, at the
confluence Of the Pruem and Sure
Rivers.
Farther south, the Gath Division
Of the Sd Army gained 400 yards
north of Sinz, reduced five pillboxes
and captured 100 Germans. The
94th has been fighting q private
war" with the 18th Panzer Division
Is miles southeast of Luxembourg
City for weeks and has cut 4 miles
into the Reich.
A dispatch from Gen. Patton's
headquarters said the 18th, 5th and
80th Divisions now are clear through
. 3-mile-deep stretch of the Sieg-
fried Line along 7-mile front in
the Echternach area. The account
said opposing German units have
suffered so per cent casualties since
February and that American losses
were extremely light.
Evening star., 1945-02-19
Crews Of Four Ships
Sunk in Philippines
Reach California
By the Associated Press.

t-~~ >---S~A&SN~ = 'A-
SAN FRANCISCO. Feb. 19-Hun-
dreds Of survivors from four naval
vessels destroyed by enemy action
in Philippine waters have been
logged in at the Treasure Island
Receiving Ship in San Francisco
Bay for reoutfitting pending the
start OF 3O-day survivor leaves, the
18th Naval District announced yes
terday.
Clad in travel-stained dungarees
and obviously tired, the men were
in good spirits. nevertheless, the
Navy said.
They we're from these ships:
The Ommaney Bay, 10000 ton
escort carrier, destroyed by enemy
aerial action January in the Sulu
Sea while en- route with a carrier
squadron to Luzon.
The Hovey, destroyer mine
sweeper credited with sweeping
more mines than any other ship
in Pacific waters. sunk by an aerial
torpedo in Lingayen Gulf, Luzon,
January 7.
The LIST 750, destroyed without
casualty by an enemy aerial tor
pedo in the Sulu Sea recently"
The fourth vessel, a landing craft
type, was not further identified.
Survivors said the Ommaney Bay
sinking of which was announced
last week, was travelling under q
slight overcast when japanese
planes attacked about Sis pm. Two
bombs, one an incendiary which ex-
ploded in the forward hangar deck
and the other a high explosive
which detonated in the forward en-
gine room, fatally wounded the
carrier.
The Hovey was struck by an aerial
torpedo just before dawn and went
down in three minutes, survivors
reported, but loss of life was COM
paratively low.
The LIST 750 was escorting a con-
voy when an aerial torpedo intended
for a destroyer missed both 1t and
a repair ship and struck the landing
craft.
Evening star., 1945-02-19
LETTERS Of WooIIcoH
Given Harvard Library
by the Associated Press

9y the Ass0ciated Press.
CAMBRIDGE. Mass, Feb. 1s.-
The letters OF the late Alexander
Woollcott have been given to Har-
ward University.
Librarian Keyes D. Metcan an
nounced the gift in his annual
report, declaring the file included
5,464 letters written to the Town
Crier and 208 written by him.
Probably nolother correspondence
OF the period mirrors the moods and
enthusiasms Of the theatrical and
literary world so we'll as this" Mr..
Metcalf said, "for Woollcott was one
of the rare persons who write good
Evening star., 1945-02-19
3 More Names Added
To List Of D. {. Group
Freed in, Philippines

The names lot three more WASH
hgtonians were added today to the
War Department list Of prisoners OF
war freed In the Philippines.
They are 1t. Col. Peter D. Calyer
whose home address was not listed !;
6ergt. William w. Adams, whose
next Of kin was listed is Miss Lille
r. Adams, 1400 Kearney street NE.
and Charles w. Staples. formerly OF
1410 Thirty-fifth street NV. who
listed Mrs. Mary e. Bauer, friend,
as the person to be notified. She
lives at 3062 M street NV.
Two others Charles K. Bradbury,
SO M street NE, and Luther B. Bew-
ley, former commissioner of edu-
cation In the Philippine government,
were announced in The Star last
week when their release was reported
by the Associated Press.
Mr.. Staples was q lieutenant Of
Fire Engine Company 26 when he
retired in 1927. He was a Spanish
American War veteran and went to
the Philippines in 1886, according
to Mrs. Bauer, to take charge of a
farm in Mindanao, left by his
brother. David Staples, also a Span
ish-American War veteran who had
settled there after the war.
Mrs. Bauer was overjoyed when
she heard of his release from the
Santo Tomas concentration camp.
She said she had been notified of
his Imprisonment and written him
three letters through the Red Cross,
but had received no reply. She said
she believed he had a brother, John,
and daughter, living in the East.
Sergt. Adams had listed a sister,
Miss Lille F. Adams of the Kearney
street address, as his nearest of
kin, but she has returned to his for
mer home In Edgefield, S. c. How
ever, a daughter, Mrs. c. j. Keller
man, 2S10 Terrace road Sc, inquired
how she could send a message con-
graduating him on his release. She
said she has not seen her father
since he went into the Army more
than 10 years ago, but learned that
he was prisoner.
TITS wonderful that he has been
liberated and I hope he gets to come
back to the United States soon," she
said.
Evening star., 1945-02-19

letters IN this age when letter writing
has become almost Z lost art, and
his correspondents were inspired to
write their best when addressing
him."
Mr.. Metcalf also reported that the
addition of $500 volumes during
the past year brought the Harvard
collection to 4,608 1862, making tt the
largest university library in the
world.
Evening star., 1945-02-19
BY RUSSELL BRINES,

EooVSAotSA EtpcS WI S0AiSokoss00ASs
MANILA, Feb. 18 Delayed.
The wanton staying of at least SO
priests and women and children
refugees in De La Sale Collegs in
Manila's Malate district by japanese
soldiers was revealed today with re-
covery of the mutilated remains.
OF 10 persons caught in the college
only eight survived, one Of them
said. He was the Rev Francis j.
Cosgrove, Al, Redemptorist father
of Sydney, Australia.
Father Cosgrave, recovering from
two bayonet wounds in Santo Tomas
Hospital, filled in details OF the ter
rible afternoon last Monday.
One Japanese officer and 20 enlis-
ted men shot and bayoneted the
American, Filipino, German, Irish
and Spanish religious brothers and
Filipino refugees.
Bodies Ghastly Evidence.
The bodies, serving as mute and
ghastly evidence. were discovered
today when the United States 148th
Infantry Regiment captured the col
lege area.
Father Cosgrave said the japanese
garrison had remained in one wing
Of the college, while permitting the
priests and refugees to occupy
another
Monday, another tense day on the
fringe of the battle area, the Japan
ese, stormed into the priests room
Father Cosgrave reported. He said
the religious group and refugees were
finishing a simple lunch.
The officer screamed something
then fired point blank with pistol
Then the Japanese soldiers charged
into the sobbing, terrified throng OF
victims, firing guns and slashins
right and left with their bayonets
Some Slain Before Altar.
Today the bodies lay as they fell
in the blood -smeared interior ol
what once was modern college
near the Rizal Stadium
They were lying in grotesque help
lessness, these slashed and smashed
bodies. Some, caught in the first
volley, tumbled in the dining room
Others evidently raced out into the
first floor hallway. They were cut
down after running few steps.
Still others reached the stairway
and started upward toward the
chapel. Many failed to reach it and
were slaughtered on the stairs or
collapsed into q. pile at the bottom
One Filipino woman lay on the
stairs, her head on her outstretched
hand.
But others reached the chapel be-
fore the Japanese killed them, at
the doorway and even before the
altar.
Evening star., 1945-02-19

Smith. 1t. Col. Ross B.. San Antonio,
Sweeney, Pvt. James L.. Ashley, Pa.
Leonard Wood, Mo
Villiers, Pvt. Russell L.. Stratford, Conn.
WAGNER. First Sergt. Bryon L.. Blue
Hill, Nebr
Waterous, Maj. Willard H.. Northampton.
Mass.
Watson, corpl william T.. Of Hanford.
Wilkinson. Pvt. Howard D.. Sioux City.
Willard, Technical seret. Thomas H..
New York City
Winans, Pvt. Robert e.. Kotchum, Idaho
Winstead. Capt. Elton D., Wilson, N. c.
Wood. First 1t. Dean K, West Seattle.
wash.
Wyatt, Capt. Charles H.. Cincinnati.
Ohio.
Zimmerman. Stan serst. David L..
Evening star., 1945-02-19

War Bonds are the civilians am
munition against the laps and
Nazis. While the civilian cannot
take part In actual battles he can
do 70 vicariously through tanks,
guns and other materiel Of war pur-
chased with his War Bond money.
Evening star., 1945-02-19
Philippines
and, at shrek from the officer,
started shooting and slashing.
WarshipS Bomhard CaYite.
Continued From First Page.)


started shooting and slashing.
Warships Bombard Cavite.
The Navy's 7th Fleet warshtps
steamed to the entrance of the bay
to lombard Japanese on the Cavite
shore, Gen. Macarthur disclosed in
a communique also reporting mop
pingup progress on Corregidor.
American troops, who landed on
the historic bay entrance fortress
Friday, cleared important Malinta
Hill.
The communique said the east
entrance of Corregidor tunnel, in
which the japanese may follow their
usual underground fight to death
practice, was closed by landslide.
Seventh Fleet guns had loosened the
earth.
Some enemy pockets also remained
on Bataan Peninsula, enclosing Ma
nila Bay on the west. The COM
munique said a small force was
dispersed near Orion.
Gen. Macarthur took occasion to
recall the gallant stand Of Amer
ican and Philippine troops on
Bataan and Corregidor in 1912 as
making possible all that has hap
pened since"
Snipers Keep Up Fire.
He declared history would record
the stand las one of the decisive
battles of the world" in that it
delayed Japan's push south and
saved Australia.
Our triumphs of today" he de-
clared, belong equally to that dead
army"
The Philippine hospital liberation,
disclosed in Gen. MacArthur's COM
munique, was accomplished Satur-
day afternoon after the hospital
area had been further ravaged by
three days of some OF the bitterest
fighting in the battle for Manila.
Japanese snipers, hidden in re-
manning buildings, kept up their fire
as the American soldiers evacuated
the limping, haggard stream of
human misery.
Those freed included at least 400
hospital patients. Fifty of these
were Americans, most of them from
the already liberated Santo Tomas
internment camp.
Huddled in the wrecked hospital
area with the patients, doctors and
nurses, were thousands of refugees
from the battle-torn Intramuros,
Er1nite and Paco sections.
The japanese had made the hos
pital one Of their strong points and,
until they were silenced, had used
five inch naval guns mounted on the
second and third floors.
The stream of sick, wounded, ter
rorized men, women and children all
but blocked the passages across the
Pasig River to North Manila. Am
balances and trucks were pressed
into service to carry those unable to
make their way on foot.
1t. Col. H. w. Radcliffe's I'd Bat
talon OF the 37th Infantry Divisions
l4Sth Regiment accomplished the
liberation.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
mum wages, revise tax policies and
nrAMapa v.,,h1{n vs,~rlr. ..~niAc%.

mum wages, revise tax policies and
prepare public works projects.
This is no master blueprint pre-
scribing rigid rules. As Mr.. Snyder
declares, such a blueprint has no
place in our free economy. Instead.
the Government here sets forth a
general approach requiring, if it is
to work, the cooperation of every
element in our democratic society.
The task of econversion-"a test
for all of us"-probably will not be
completed for another IL or Is
months. Meanwhile, we must ex-
pect more than a few trying situa-
tions, but if we were able to meet
the problem of war. We should sure
ly be able to meet this problem OF
peace. In Mr.. Snyder's words, "The
moment of great challenge and op-
portunity is here"
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Milking

Milking, as any real countryman
knows, is much more than the pro-
sale process of extracting the lac
teal fluid from a bovine. As odd as
it may seem to the city dweller.
there are many farmers who enjoy
milking time. Perhaps the day will
come in the bright, well-advertised
postwar utopia when oil cows will
be milked by machine. Meanwhile
. man may continue to enjoy the
periods at the beginning and end
Of the farm day.
There Is something about It difh-
cult to describe to the urbanite. In
a clean. well-strawed lineup. the
cows wait with bulging udders.
There is the good, wholesome, pun
gent Aroma mixture Of smells
from hay. grain. cows and barn.
There are the little familiar noises
that play q comforting tune-the
clanking Of chains and humping OF
stanchions, the stamping Of the
Evening star., 1945-08-16

ships. The second Is the expansion of
the Naval Academy to provide needed
omcers for the future Navy. The third
Is to arrive ut some satisfactory method
OF taking reserve officers into the regu-
lar Navy-since many of them will be
required to man the Navy in peace
times.
The Navy will, 1t is said, be from
three to four times as large as it was
Immediately before the Jap attack on
Pearl Harbor-both in personnel and
in number Of ships. In those days about
10000 officers and men constituted the
naval personnel. The new peacetime
naval personnel Is expected to run
above half a million. Even so, this
means a huge shrinking from the
present wartime Navy - the greatest
naval force ever seen in the world. The
expansion of the Naval Academy so
that it will care for six to seven thou.
sand midshipmen will in all prob
ability be accomplished by the acquisi-
ton Of the ground adjacent to the
Academy now owned and used by St.
Johns College. The Navy Department
was authorized to open negotiations
for the purchase Of the college site
wv ~ Aldy DCCUIuS llcCCSSdIy 10 gam
possession by condemnation proceed
ings.
How many of the thousands Of naval
reserve ofncers-now in active service
will desire to remain permanently In
the Navy is still to be determined. It
is clear that an appreciable number
Of them must be retained, if possible.
Qualifications, educational, eniciency
ratings and service and other records
will have to be inquired into, and some
yardstick adopted. 1t may be expected
that in categories Of ships the aircraft
carriers and submarines will have full
place
Much agitation has been under way
in some quarters to place a naval acad-
envy on the Pacific Coast. 1t seems
unlikely such course will be fol-
lowed. The Navy already has tre-
mendous installations on the West
Coast, which is far more Navy conscious
than the Atlantic Coast. If, how
ever, still more space is needed for the
midshipmen at Annapolis, the graduate
school may, it is said, be moved to the
Pacific Coast. 1t Is to this school that
naval officers are ordered after various
periods Of service for special courses.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The United States, having won, with
its Allies. the greatest war Of all times,
has the serious Job OF considering what
shall be its peacetime military and
naval programs. It's a problem that
Will be tackled by Congress, on recom-
mendations Of the War and Navy De-
partments. when that body reassembles
here In September. Chairman Walsh
OF the Senate Naval Affairs COMMITTEES
and Chairman Vinson Of the correspond
ing House committee already have given
much thought to the future Navy. A
House committee on postwar military
program, headed by Representative
Woodrum Of Virginia already has made
= partial report-and approved a sys-
tenn of universal military training.
The discovery of the atomic bomb
and It's use by the United States in
bringing Japan to her knees is threat
ening. however, to upset previous call
culations. 1t may spell the doom of a
system Of universal military training
not because it Is wise to give up such
system-for 1t Is particularly unwise
to do so-but because there are many
enemies Of military training, and some
OF the supporters of the plan may come
to the conclusion it is easier to give
way, and politically advantageous.
The country is sick OF war, just as it
was sick OF war at the conclusion of the
World War-even sicker this time. It
Is, however, short-sighted policy to aban-
don the idea of universal military train.
ing, atomic bomb or no atomic bomb.
In the first place, no one knows but
what some kind of defense may be
found against this latest and most
deadly weapon-as has been found
against other deadly weapons. And no
one knows that other nations will not
be able to develop the same kind Of
bomb and be in position to attack this
country. It's good bet, too, that If
an aggressor starts another war, his
first attack will be on the United
States-not some other nation, giving
this country time in which to prepare
for >war-as it had in 1917 and in 1s41.
Specifically the Navy has three major
problems to settle in regard to its
peacetime establishment, according to
Senator Walsh of Massachusetts,, the
Naval Committee chairman. The first
is size-the number of men and the
number of ships and the categories of
Evening star., 1945-08-16

steadier than any other country In the
world.
The war leaves US with some deep
scars; We have exhausted much of our
raw materials and the Nation Is bur-
dened with an unbelievably heavy debt.
But political corrosion a. 1t exists In
Europe, where new ideologies are being
rammed down the throats Of her In
habitants. does not exist In this country.
The state secret police, which exists
today either In virulent or latent form
both In Europe and In Asia, is unknown
In this country, where there is no inter.
ference with individual freedom and the
right Of expression. The few restrictions
which were ordered as matter of war
security or were self-imposed 80 as not
to interfere with the prosecution OF the
war have ended with the surrender Of
Hirohito.
Criticism and open discussion Of cer-
tain acts Of the White House oficial
family which were toned down for fear
some of our Allies might take offense
and thus endanger the victory, will
reappear as strongly as before Pearl
Harbor. Such criticism and frank dis
cussion Is the foundation of the real
democracy which we have been able to
maintain throughout the trying years
of war.
Europe is in the midst of 4 revolution
due to unbelievable hardships. These
hardships, together with the lamentable
failure Of democracy as 1t had been
practiced on the continent before 1899,
is causing the present political strife in
all the countries from the English
Channel to the Elbe River.
A similar situation exists in Asia,
where hundreds of millions of Indians
are endeavoring to gain their freedom
by all available means. Battle-scarred
China also is seething. A strong -willed
minority known as the Communist
group OF Yenan Is attempting to obtain
control over the rest of the country in
the name Of "neo-democracy," which
has been spreading throughout the Old
World since 194l. Generalissimo Chang
Kai-shek. who remained loyalty on the
Allied side throughout the darkest perl
Cd Of the war, is determined to see the
tight through. His chances of winning
out are fair. But an internal conflict
appears inevitable and China Is slated
for more trouble and hardships
The United States alone stands out
In this world Of confusion as q solid
entity because of the means she still
possesses despite the lavish war ex-
penditures in raw materials and monies
and because Of fighting force equaled
by none of the other countries in the
world.
1t will take only an average states
manship to maintain this position. If
the leadership does not fail us, the
American Age" predicted by many
within and outside the country will
become a reality.