davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28

Mrs. Lillian Rashkis. principal
of a public school, has been
doing it for Is years. She has
some very bad pupils-young
gangsters who beat and knife
other children, assault teachers,
destroy property. Half have
been arrested. Yet Mrs. Rash
kis says, The most important
thing is TO find something In
which the boy can be success
full. These boys have never
known anything but criticism,
chiefly by their parents, and
made TO feel they are failures
and nobody wants them Mrs.
Rashkis transforms them. Many
are now fine citizens. Her work
is the most heartening thing !
know, of. IN
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
DRESIDENT TRUMAN made

DRESIDENT TRUMAN made
l. il clear at his press con-
ference that the congressional
power-and not the executive
authority-will bring the wars
against Japan and Germany 10
an end.
Nothing could have more eff
fectively illustrated the great
change that has taken place in
Washington within the past few
months, from one-man govern
ment 10 government by law.
When the President, in re-
ply to a question. made this an
nouncement, as TO the official
ending of the war, and the ter
minatlon of the existing ma
tional emergency, by act of
Congress, his words foreShad-
owed the speedy REIMBURSEMENT
of the vast powers of the presi-
dency grasped by President
Roosevelt in his famous procla-
nation of full and unlimited ma
tional emergency.
ON MAY 81, 194l, before an
" audience of 200 in the
White House, mostly members
of the diplomatic corps. the
President proclaimed a state Of
full and unlimited national
emergency, although in the
opinion of many senator's and
House members he had not
shred of authority for doing so.
1t was in announcing this
proclamation in an address
broadcast 10 every part Of the
world, that Roosevelt made his
most bitter attack on Hitler.
Tokyos reaction was that the
entry of the United States into
the war was imminent" Lon
don newspaper headlines de-
clared. America in the War
Now"
To the American people the
proclamation of an unlimited
national emergency, without
known precedent in our history,
was fateful. There passed 10 the
President grand agglomeration
OF laws, statutes and powers
such as this country had never
known before.
Many of these laws, long for
gotten, but still on the books,
were carried over from the old
World War 1.
IT WOULD be impossible 10
Il enumerate the func,ti ON s
which fell into the hands Of the
determined and headstrong man
in the White House. II would
be easier 10 enumerate the
things the President could
not do.
~ These powers still exist. They
are the powers under which the
whole alphabetical setup h as
been established. under which
the American people have been
regimented 20 an extent never
contemplated by the freedom
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
MARY HAWORTH'S MAIL

and volunteer library work. I
have taught a Sunday school
class for many years. This is
the life | have always loved
but now it seems pointless.
My husband has been both
lover and companion and We
have always felt secure in our
relationship TO each other. but
even that has ceased 10 matter
10 me.
He is out OF town on business
frequently and l have been using
these periods TO do a great deal
OF drinking. at home and So
cially.
have even become a bit in
volved emotionally with a close
friend. What can / do about my
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28

at tables, usually drinking,
checks were presented, and pay
ment was made directly. as by
bar drinkers.
In allocating points, the num-
Der of checks ISSUED was used as
a basis. Places with all-day trade
and a big turnover of customers
at tables. therefore, got plenty
of points, whereas big standard
restaurants and hotel dining
rooms. seldom patronized be-
tween meals. were pinched down
10 starvation rations-on meat.
MOT only New Workers. but
~ travellers from every state
seemed to smell out quickly and
unerringly where there was
beef. The lucky places cleaned
up and, no m tier how
obscurely located. they became
advertised over night.
That meat was the attraction
was demonstrated beyond doubt
on Tuesdays and Fridays. These
were the meatless days infor-
mally instituted by Mayor La
Guardia early in the war. With
few exceptions, that rule was
accepted even by most cafes
which broke more legally bind
ing orders. And on Tuesdays
and Fridays these beeferies were
practically empty; some Of them
even closed on one or both of
these days.
But on the other days, the
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
GEORGE R. BROWN
Political
Parade

loving founders of the republic.
These are the powers which
President Truman stands ready
TO hand back to the Congress,
whenever in orderly and careful
procedure il decides to repeal
or exterminate them!
This now becomes the plain
and solemn duty of the Con-
gress.
The era of one-man govern
ment in the United States draws
TO a close!
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28

veloped for preventing attacks
OF rheumatic faver Along this
line IL is important that the dis
ease be recognized early in
childhood when IL first occurs,
before the heart has been in
jured. Or. McCulloch thinks that
improved housing conditions
with less crowding and an op-
portunity for more healthful
outdoor activities. and good
nutrition, may be factors IN
keeping attacks of rheumatic
fever from occurring. He thinks
that the movement OF people in
the last several years. particu-
larly from the South 10 the
North and from the country
areas 10 large cities may ac-
count for the development of
more cases of rheumatic fever.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
Brain Game Answers

Literally ii means white
snow" 1t is the name of
Hirohito's fam Gus white
horse.
2-Claudette Colbert.
3-(a) False. II is an anagram
which reads the same back
wards or forwards. (b)
True.
4-Toledo. o.
5-(c) is correct.
6-Hippocrates.
THE Hump" II was so
named because of the dam
gerous mountains TO be
crossed.
3+July 2, 1921, Is correct.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28

Is charged: there Is no waiting
period after the filing OF the
petition.
Q-Is the marine corps ask
ing discharged veterans to re-
turn wooden uniforms
ID. l.. r.
A-The corps has no desire
to reclaim uniforms from for
mer members who receive them
at the time they are honorably
discharged. They will, however,
accept the winter uniform II
the ex-marine has no desire TO
retain it. 1t can be left at any
marine recruiting station. If
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
DEAR MARY HAWORTH:
7 AM 40. My husband is as.
Il We have three sons. 1S. lo

ANi AZ. WY HusDdliu II ~.
L We have three sons, 18, 19
and 20, all in service in the Pa
cific area. And we have
daughter, 20 "a twin, now
narried to serviceman.
While I helped prepare them
for this, / evidently did not do
so we'll in preparing myself, for
! am completely devastated.
No one is aware OF this. for
] am constantly being lauded as
wonderful"
But the hidden panic and
tension are there.
! am president Of a garden
club. troop leader of Girl Scouts.
teach swimming once a week
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
Any Questions?
THE DETROIT TIMES

my
THE TROTT TIMES
1 mails personal answers TO
questions about the needs
and welfare, rights and privi-
leges of servicemen and
women, veterans and their
dependents.
Many answers are printed
daily In this column, but ALL
questions will be answered
directly by mail.
Address questions this way:
AT YOUR SERVICE BUREAU,
DETROIT TINES,
TIMES SQUARE,
DETROIT II. MICHIGAN.
Surely include your name
and address and a seif-ad.
dressed, stamped envelope.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28

Waifer Wincheu, nov on
Uaeation, wiH return Sept. ,.
In the meantime. Jack Lait,
for many ysars one OF
A %msriea's most eoiorfui
newspaper men, wiI keep
this space filled.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-28
Connolly Answers

1-(b). 2-(c). 3+(b). A.
(c) (1775). 5-(b). g. (a)
dog; tb) stag; (c) cat: (d)
mouse; (e) sheep.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
CHURCH DIGNATARIES
ARRIVING FOR WRIGHT
CONSIDERATION RITES

More than 500 church dignitaries
and other out-of-town guests arc
expected to atten dthe. consecra-
ton of Bishop-elect Thomas H.
Wright, D. D., which will be held
in st. James Episcopal church
Friday morning at 10 O'Clock.
Many of the church dignitaries
will arrive in Wilmington today
and while here will be the guests
of local Episcopalians.
Local clergymen of other denomi-
nations who will participate in the
procession are: Rev. A. S. Parker,
presiding elder of the Methodist
church: the Rev. Sankey Lee Blan-
ton of the First Baptist church;
the Rev. H. S. Wilson, president OF
the Ministerial association; the
Rev. Walter B. Freed of st. PauPs
Lutheran church; the Rev. Will
liam Grove, Jr., of the First Pres
byterian church and the Rev. E. B.
Papazisis of the Creek Orthodox
church.
Following the conservation serv-
ice, a luncheon for the guests will
be held at l o'clock at st. James
Parish house.
On Sunday, DR.. Wright, who was
confirmed and twice or
dained in St. James church, will
at the II o'clock service deliver
his first sermon as Bishop of the
Diocese of East Carolina.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
James Stewart Plans
New Shot At Picture.

HOLLYWOOD. Calf, Oct. g.
W.D-Col. James Stewart arrived
home yesterday and outlined HI,
postwar plans.
'First I'll take a rest, streto,
my legs, read a good book and
stuff like that" the lanky former
screen star told newsmen as ba
alighter from a train. After tbat
he wants to start making pictures
he added.
Stewart served overseas for t,vo
years with the Eighth Air Force
flying 20 bomber missions and
acting as flight operations office
He has 1913 discharge points. q
want to get out as soon as nos
sible,'' he told reporters.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
HARNETT SCHOOL
20 REMAIN OPEN

Despite the declining attendance
level of Cornelius Harnett school,
caused by the families of war in
dustry workers migrating from the
district, the school will remain
open with an adequate staff OF
teachers and school facilities, the
county Board of Education de-
creed Tuesday night.
To implement its decision, the
board instructed School Super1n-
tendent H. M. Roland to immedl-
ately renovate a sufficient num-
Der of rooms in the school build
ing to provide for six grades OF
pupils, and to get the school S
building and grounds in improved
order. An adequate teaching staff
consistent with pupil attendance
levels also was promised.
Presenting the boards view in
the Cornelius Harnett controversy,
DR.. John T. Hoggard, chairman,
said school authorities had mo OBJ
lection" to keeping the school open
and in full operation insolong as
the pupil-attendance level is main
tanned sufficiently high to warrant
the expenditure.
At the present time, school rec
ords indicate, majority of chill
dren residing in close proximity to
Cornelius Harnett are attending
Hemingway school. The school
boards position, as outlined by
DR.. Hoggard, is that these children
should be enrolled at Cornelius
Harnett. Howe ever, the board
chairman pointed out, there is no
regulation or law making attend
ance at certain school compulso-
ry, leaving the choice of schools
at the discretion of the pupil and
parent.
Pupil enrolment at Cornelius
Harnett has been as low as 20 stu
dents in recent weeks, a check of
school records showed today.
"The board is willing to keep
Cornelius Harnett open insolong as
the number of students attending
regularly justifies it," DR.. Hog
gard declared. by the boards ac-
ton last night it is hoped that par
ents in the neighborhood of the
school will see to it that their chill
dren attend Harnett.'
The board, acknowledging that a
majority of parents apparently
favor Hemingway, said Cornelius
Harnett would function as a
"standard'' school until conditions
required change of status,
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04

gratitude that they and other
Americans have been spared
starvation, disease and suffering
So prevalent in European coun-
tries, Rabbi Friedman declared.
Harry Solomon, program chair
man, introduced Rabbi Friedman,
a member of the Speakers Blu
reau of the Community Chest
campaign, and the new pastor OF
B'nai Israel Synagogue. Rabbi
Friedman formerly was attached
to synagogues at Taunton and Ply
mouth, Mass, and was described
as 1.-The first Christian pstor ever
to preach the Thanksgiving ser
mon for the Pilgrims Ministerial
Association since the founding OF
that organization in the 163Os.
He has background of service
with numerous social welfare
agencies in both Massachusetts
communities, Solomon sid.
DR.. James w. Stephenson, new
pastor of the Temple Baptist
Church, was introduced as a new
member of Kiwanis. Visitors in
cluded Lieut.. William G. Robert
son, Jr., of the U. S. Naval Air
Corps, and Cpl. Allen Blake, A. A.
Il
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
KIWANIANS MAKE
CHEST DONATION

"Kiwanis members already are
indoctrinated with the spirit OF
charity and giving" Rabbi Samuel
A. Friedman, speaker for. the
Community Chest campaign, de-
clared when he spoke before the
Kiwanis Club at noon Wednesday
in the Friendly Cafeteria.
A $500 contribution to the Com
munity Chest from the Kiwanis
Club was announced at the close
of Rabbi Friedman's bdief talk.
"You are making one pledge for
20 causes" Rabbi Friedman
pointed out, reminding members
that the $166,375 goal of the COM
ing campaign includes operating
expenses for the National War
Fund for IS months. This will al
low adequate time for the war
time agency to be iquidated, he
said.
A mere three per cent of Com
munity Chest funds are used for
administrative expenses, thanks
to men and women Of the commu-
nifty who gave their time and tai
ents to conduct the annual cam
paign, and keep the Chest organic
ed.
Kiwanians should give to Com
munity Chest from sense of
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
S0L0NS PROTEST
BRITISH STAND

WASHINGTON, Oct. g. Up -
A surge of sharp words against
British policy carried along senti-
ment in the Senate today for for
NAL demand that Palestine be op.
ened wide to Jewish immigration.
"War problems are no longer a
factor" Senator Wagner (D-NY)
told reporter.
Wagner was co-sponsor with Sem
ator Taft (R-Ohio) OLA resolution
last year declaring for the opening
of Palestine and ablishment OF
a Jewish commonwealth. 1t call
ed on the government to demand
of the British that they repudlate
a white paper which limited Jew
ish immigration.
The resolution was shelved, how
ever, due to fears of upsetting the
Arabs in and near Palestine dur
ing the war. Arab leaders have
threatened trouble should Jews be
admitted wholesale.
Wagner said now is the time to
revive the resolution. Taft put 1t
this way.
'The administration then opposed
passage of such a resolution and
promised to take quiet steps to &C.
complish its purpose. Such steps,
il taken, proved a complete fail
ure.''
Senator after senator took the
floor late yesterday to applaud
what Senator Mcmahon. O-Conn)
related was President Truman's
word to Prime Minister Attlee ''of
his desire to remove 100000 Jew
ish refugees from concentration
camps in occupied Germany so that
they may begin life anew in Pales-
tine"
Mcmahon called this ga magni-
hcent gesture" but said the British
had turned it down cold.
1.-THE British who have endeavor-
ed for the past 20 years, with one
excuse after another, to make
Palestine a ghetto of the Arab
world, are willing to admit only
$500 refugees a month - a mere
$4,000 during the next year." Nc
Mahon shouted.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04

To season your fall ward
robe! Smartly styled enve-
lope and pouch handbags OF
feathers and plastics! Beau
tifully lined and adorned
with clasps of crystal clear
lucite or shining metal.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
Cotton Interests Urge
Lifting OF Controls

ATLANTA, Oct. 3.-(R-South-
ern cotton textile manufacturers
sent request to the government
today asking it to Lift price and
production controls on cotton at
once.
They said this must be done II
t textile industry is to supply
II civilian need Of textiles, sup
ply increased employment, and
take care of returning veterans
who seek employment.
The request was embodied in a
resolution adopted by the Board
of Government of the American
Cotton Manufacturers association,
representing manufacturers in the
Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia and
Alabama.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
Miller Named
To Succeed McNutt

WASHINGTON, Oct. 3.-U.D-
President Truman today named
Watson B. Miller of Maryland to
be Federal Security Administra-
tor, succeeding Paul V. McNutt,
now High Commissioner to the
Philippines.
John F. Sonnet of New York
was named an Assistant Attorney
General. He succeeds Francis M.
Shea, who resigned to assist JUS
tice Robert Jackson in the prose-
cution of major Axis war crimi-
mails.
Lowell B. Mason of Illinois was
named to a vacancy in the Fed
eral Trade Commission for term
of seven years.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
Southside Church Will
Sponsor Scout Troop

The Rev. J. o. Walton presided
last night at meeting of the lead
ers of the Southside Baptist church
for the purpose of organizing a
new Boy Scout troop.
Assistance in the organization
program was given by Court
land W. Baker, Scout executive
of the Cape Fear council who was
accompanied by L. D. Harrel-
son, neighborhood commissioner.
and w. A. Raney, Scout organizer
and a member of the council S
Leadership Training committee.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
Valdosta Teen-Agers
Help Pinion Brothers

VALDOsTA, Ca, Oct. 3-R-
Valdosta teen-agers aren't forget
ting the three Pinion boys of Sails
bury, N. c., victims Of incurable
Muscular Dystrophy.
Junior High School students have
collected $45 tor the youthful bro
theirs and more contributions are
expected.
The money will be sent to the
Salisbury Post, which first brought
the plight of the stricken boys to
the nations attention.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
Southeastern Carolina
Cities Get New Officers

With an estimated cost Of 81, l75,-
600, the construction Of Is new
postoffice buildings in eight South
eastern North Carolina counties,
was proposed to congress yesterday
in a federal building program bud
get submitted by the Post Office
department and the Public Build
ings administration.
Largest of the Is units proposed
for the southeastern section of the
stat was sos, 900 structure for
Jacksonville.
BY counties, the budget included
the following proposed construc-
ton:
Onslow - Jacksonville, sos, 900;
Holly Ridge, $4,000.
Pender-Burgaw, sos, 900.
New Hanover - Carolina Beach,
$95, 900.
Brunswick - Southport $95, 1000.
Bladen - Bladenboro, $85, 900;
Elizabethtown, $95, 900.
Robeson-St. Paul's $85, 1000.
Columbus - Chadbourn, Fair
mont, Rowland and Tabor City,
each 49,, 1000. ....
Duplin - Warsaw, $4,000. VI
The ALLEGATION bill submitted to
congress yesterday totaled $685.
405,000 and provided for what its
sponsirs described "a comprehen-
sive, long-range federal building
program "allocated on the basis of
need and equitable distribution.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04

The scattering Of seed by hand
is the simplest and oldest method
of sowing,
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04
NEW YORK COTTON

NEW YORK, Oct. 3.-P)-Cot-
ton futures rallied sharply to new
seasonal highs on a late covering
movement today
Extreme gains of $1.35 a bale
were made in the October 1916
delivery with final prices rs cents
to ST bale higher.
During most Of, the session the
market was quiet as straders gen.
orally felt the increase in cotton
parity and the prospective short
crop had been discounted by the
upturn in futures which got under
way last Friday. However, when
the market penetrated previous
highs traders who had sold the
market short rushed to cover.
Mills were good buyers against
textile contracts. =
Futures closed rs cents to 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-10-04

More than 80 per cent Of the
Goa mined in Japan is Of medic
ere quality-low bituminous or
sub-bi
Evening star., 1945-04-03

in shoes for the duration OF ration
ing, on q charge of overdraft on hi
ration account.
Duration suspensions in gasoline
were ordered for Giovanni Pigna.
taro, former operator OF Jimmie's
Service Station, 49 Massachusetts,
avenue NV, by consent; Nathaniel
Glenn, operating as the Red, White
and Blue Service Station and Ga
rage, 1925 Fifth street NV; Earl
Won Reichenbach, former operator OF
the Hill Top Service Station, 1901
Pennsylvania avenue Sc, and Eu-
gene George, gasoline dealer, at 40l
Fifteenth street Sc.
Charges in each Of these cases
were transfer of counterfeit gasoline
coupons. Mr.. Won Reichenbach and
Mr.. George failed to appear for the
hearing.>
90-Day Suspensions.
Similar charges brought 90-day
suspensions in gasoline for Gus L.
Law, operator of a service station
at 3711 Nichols avenue Sc, and
Jasper L. Lee, operating the Lee
Service Station, 201 H street NE,
both by consent of the dealers.
The May Hardware Co., 1854
Thirty first street NV, was sus-
pended from dealing in officiating
stoves for 10 days on a charge Of
selling stoves without ration certifi-
Gates.
Evening star., 1945-04-03
9 More Gas, Shoe
Dealers Suspended
For 0PA Violations

Suspension orders against nine
additional gasoline and shoe firms
here and an officiating stove dealer,
all charged. with rationing viola
tions, were issued yesterday by OPA
Hearing Commissioner Clifford Sni-
der at hearing in Municipal Court.
The first suspension of a District
shoe firm on a charge involving
counterfeit shoe stamps marked a
90-day order by consent against
Frank and Abe Kretzmer, doing
business as Franks Footwear, 3010
Fourteenth street NV, according to
OPA Enforcement Attorney Carl w.
Beruffey.
Another shoe dealer, Hyman Ge-
wirZ, 1884 Seventh street NV, was
suspended by consent from dealing
Evening star., 1945-04-03

Clarence and Bernice Smith, sirl.
Dudley and Virginia Spruill. boy.
Harwood and Virginia Stump, boy;
william and Radie Townsend, girl.
James and Marie venable, boy. -
Ezekiel and Esther Vito girl.
Kenneth and Elizabeth Warner, boy.
julius and Ethel Weisser, boy.
James and Jane Wheatley, boy.
william and Sarah Akin. boy.
Cecil and Druetta Albright,. boy.
Samuel and Alice Ball, girl.
Frank and Marie Benedetti, boy;
Linwood and Florence. Bright, Girl.
Wade and Agnes Garden. boy:
Charles and Hester Chase: girl.
Charles and joan Cunningham, boy.
James and Anne Dowrick, girl.
George and Pearl Duke, girl.
Paul and Margaret Ebert, boy.
Lynn and Elizabeth Fargo, girl.
Milton and Frances Gresss girl.
Lewis and Elizabeth Hamilton, girl.
Jesse and Laura Hatcher, boy.
Francis and Goldie Heinbuch, boy.
George and Amy Henry. girl.
Sterling and Sallie Hilliard, boy.
and Mildred Kearns, girl.
Joseph and Vivian Knott, girl.
John and Arlene Lapointe, boy,
Herbert and Ruth Levine, girl.
Evening star., 1945-04-03
Deaths Reported

Ida Coles, 81. 2112 Minnesota ave. Sc.
Raymond H. Kinner. "A, 2707 Adams Mill
rd. NV.
Harriet Hawes. 73. 32o4 Reservoir I'd. NV.
Charles Dunn. 73, 466 st. NV
Florence r. Schmidt. 72, 1886 1st st. NV.
Fannie j. Ford. ~, 1919 Ames st. ne.
Elizabeth Heershman, 70 1903 st, NV.
John A. Renshaw, SO, 1884 Chesapeake st,
NV.
Frederick r. Grant. 4e. 5712 Nebraska
Alice L. Robertson, 80, 7O1 7th st. ne.
jacques L. Thomas, 81, Baltimore, Md.
Thomas Barrett. infant, 1881 D st. sc.
Joyce Haines, infant, 445S Lily rd. DIR.
John F. Davis, infant, Falls Church, Va.
Infant Marshall, 3l3 Atlantic st. sc.
! Infant Mead, 1910 10th st. NV.
Infant Balch, 2S01 Pennsylvania ave. Nv.
! Infant B. Crotzee. unknown.
Infant A. CrotZee, unknown.
Elijah Brown, S4. 1924 Sherman ave. n ".
Joseph Thomas, 81. 203 4eth st. ne.
Joseph Jennings 40, 625 New Jersey ave.
Arthur R. Massey, 40, 1923 Fsirmont st.
NV.
Benjamin L.. sauchus, infant, Annapolis,
Infant Marrow. $50 H pl sw
Infant Fauntrey, 1914 18th st. s.w.
Infant Jackson, III Rhode Island ave. NV.
Infant Alexander, 8 NJ st. S.w.