davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Surrender Of 2,4OO Japs
On Mill Ato|I Completed
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
HONOLULU, Aug. 29.-By-passed
long ago when American forces
swept into the WeeStrn Pacific,
bomb-pitted Mill Atoll in the Mar
shall Islands flew the American flag
today and its 2,400 half-naked Jap
anese soldiers and sailors welcomed
the end of the war
The Navy yesterday announced
the atoll's surrender was accepted
by Capt. H. B. Grow, Greenville,
Mich, commanding officer of nearby
Majuro Island, who turned it over
to Rear Admiral w. K. Harrill, COM
mander of the Marshalls and
Gilberts.
Yesterdays flag-raising ceremony
while Navy and Marine planes cir
cled overhead climaxed a week of
preparation.
The japanese will remain on the
islands temporarily, sustaining them
selves on produce from their own
gardens until they can be removed.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Conclusions of the Army Pearl
Hdrbor Board tolloD.

Harbor Board tolloW.
The conclusions group themselves
logically in two divisions. The Pearl
Harbor attack and operations of the
engineers in Hawaii. We shall con-
slider these in the order stated.
l. Pearl Harbor attack:
A. The attack on the Territory of
Hawaii was surprise to all. con-
cerned: The Nation, the War De-
partment and the Hawaiian Depart
ment. 1t was daring, well conceived
and we'll executed, and it caught
the defending forces practically un-
prepared to meet 1t or to minimize
its destructiveness.
B. The extent of the Pearl Har-
Dor disaster was due primarily to
two causes
1.-The failure of the commanding
general of the Hawaiian Department
adequately to alert his command
for war, and
2. The failure of the War De-
partment, with knowledge of the
type of alert taken by the COM
manding general, Hawaiian Depart
ment, to direct him to take an ade-
quate alert. and the failure to keep
him adequately informed as to the
developments of the United States
japanese negotiations, which in
turn might have caused him to
change from the inadequate alert
to an adequate one.
Responsibility of Officials.
c. We turn now to responsible
ties:
l. The Secretary of State-the
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Strike-Bound Paper Prints
Edition From Engravings
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press
SAN ANTONIO, Tex. Aug. 29.-
The San Antonio Express published
tour-page newspaper today from
photoengraving and stereotype plates
as union printers employed by the
clty's three daily newspapers con-
tinued their walkout into the fourth
day
One hundred and twenty-five
printers, members of the local In
ternational Typographical Union
tAFLl left their jobs at the Ex-
press, the Light and Evening News
Sunday, protesting against delay in
negotiating new contract.
The old contract has expired and
the publishers refuse to accept a
new one submitted by the union.
The Newspaper Commission of
the War Labor Board in Chicago is
considering the dispute.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Franco, Don Juan Meeting
May Be Attempted Again
BY the Associated Press.


MADRID, Aug. 29.-Spanish mon
archists reported today that Miguel
Mateu, Spanish government repre-
sentative in Paris, was attempting
to arrange a meeting between Gen.
eralisSimo Franco and Don Juan,
pretender to the Spanish throne, to
pave the way for restoration of the
Spanish monarchy.
There was no confirmation of the
report from other sources, but it
was recalled that Paris dispatches
last week asserted Mateu had de-
parted for Switzerland to see Don
Juan. Mateu attempted unsuccess-
fully to arrange meeting between
Franco and the pretender in 1914.
Mateu was reported to have ar
rived yesterday in San Sebastian,
near the Spanish-French frontier,
where he conferred with Foreign
Minister Martin Artajo. The latter
was said to be planning to come to
Madrid today for a cabinet meeting
later this week
Meanwhile, it was learned that
Prince Xavier Bourbon de Parme,
named by the last of the Carlist pre-
tenders as regent" of the tradi-
tional monarchist cause, now is at
st. Jean de Luz just across the from
tier from San Sebastian.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
French Paper Releases
List PremotureIy

In defiance of four power agree
ment to release the first list of "a
Nazl War criminals simultaneously
IN Washington. London, Moscow
and Paris at g pm. Eastern wal
Tune. the French Communist news
paper LHumanite published q
names earlier today.
A Chicago Daily News Foreign
Service dispatch from Paris TO The
Star told of the premature release
1t SAID an immediate Investigation
was ordered.
l. Humanlte said the charges
against the Nazis when they 60 or
trial at Nuremberg will be.
/. Their political attitude which
LED to war of aggression contrary
to treaties signed by Germany.
z, Crimes. contrary to interna-
tional conventions, against men,
bers OF the Allied forces.
3. Excesses against civilian pop
ulations.
4. Organization of the Gestapo
insofar as 1t employed criminal
methods.
3. Violation of maritime laws lex
ecution OF Allied sailors from boats
torpedoed by German submarines
Evening star., 1945-08-29
China
Continued From First Page

tContlnued From First Page.)
the Communist leader and guaran-
tee his safety.
Meanwhile, the Chinese high COM
mand announced that National
government troops had entered
Peiping, on which Chinese Com
munist forces earlier had been re-
ported advancing.
The entry actually was made on
August IT, the high command said,
by troops under Gen. HUI Ching man.
A Peiping dispatch broadcast
By Tokyo radio said japanese
military authorities had an
nounced that "sizable units of the
Chinese armed forces and some
troops of the United States forces
in China" were to begin entering
the Peiping- -Tientsin area by
aerial transports yesterday
The high command also disclosed
reoccupation of many more towns,
including the important center of
Kaifeng august 19) and Chung
NOV, both on the Lunghai railway.
Others included
Honan Province-Menghsien, Sin
slang, Lushan, Linju and Junan.
Human Province AMEN and
Chenhsien.
Anhwei Province-Kiankpu and
Pohsien.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Truman Text
President Comments
On Pearl Horbor Report

The Jollo1Uing statement aUaS
issued By President Truman fol-
loUing the release of the Army
and Navy reports on Pearl Har-
Dor.
Il have here reports on the Pearl
Harbor disaster. One is from the
Army and one is from the Navy. The
Navy report gives finding of facts
by a Navy court of inquiry. At
tached to this finding of facts are
Endorsements by the Judge advocate
general of the Navy, Rear Admiral
T. L. Catch; Admiral E. j. King,
chief of naval operations, and the
Secretary of the Navy. You will find
a summation of the findings in the
final Endorsement by the Secretary
of the Navy at the end of the doc
ument
From the Army we will have the
report of the Army Pearl Harbor
Board, and bound separately, a
statement by the Secretary of War.
Certain criticisms of the chief of
staff, Gen. Marshall, appear in the
report of the Army Pearl Harbor
Board. You will notice in the Sec
retarys statement, beginning on
page l9, that he takes sharp issue
with the criticism of Gen Marshall,
stating that the criticism is entirely
unjustifed.'
The conclusion of the Secretary
of War is that Gen. Marshall acted
throughout this matter with his
usual great skill, energy and eff
ciency,' I associate myself whole
heartedly with this expression by
the Secretary of War.
Indeed 1 have the fullest con-
fidence in the skill, energy and eff
cheney of all our war leaders, both
Army and Navy"
Evening star., 1945-08-29
w. T. Mcpherson Takes
Over Post as Judqe

William T. Mcpherson, Brandy
wine. took over his duties Yesterday
as a judge Of the Prince Georges
County Orphans Court at Upper
Marlboro. The other two members
of the court are Judges Vincent A.
Osterman and Lansdale G. Clagett
Judge Mcpherson was appointed
recently by Gov O'Conor to succeed
the late Judge Mlllard Thorne, who
died last month. He is native of
Charles County, coming to Prince
Georges in 1921. He has been cashier
of the Bank of Brandywine since 1924
Evening star., 1945-08-29

other divisions and activities of the
general staff in Washington was
under the general direction and
supervision of the chief of staff.
Gen. Marshall. Evidently for this
reason the Army Pearl Harbor
Board has been led to criticize the
chief of staff as being responsible
for some of the shortcomings of the
officers of the general staff which
/ have just enumerated. In my
opinion, this criticism is entirely
unJustified. 1t arises from a funda-
mental miSconception of the duties
OF the chief of staff and of his rela-
tlons with the divisions and activi-
ties of the general staff. 1t is not
the function of the chief of staff
specifically to direct and personally
supervise the execution in detail of
the duties of the various sections
of the general staff.
\ \ i
The shortcomings l have pointed
out thus cannot in any fairness be
attributed to the Chief of Staff. On
the contrary, throughout this matter
l believe that he acted with his
usual great skill, energy and
efficiency.
Confident on Conclusions.
The conclusions which I have stat
ed herein as to the responsibilities
and errors of Gen Short are in
general accord with the conclusions
of both the Roberts Commission in
their report of January %, 1912, and
the Army Pearl Harbor Board. MY
conclusions as to the responsibilities
and errors of the War Plans Division
are to substantial extent, but not
entirely, in accord with the conclu-
sions of the Army Pearl Harbor
Board.
The Roberts Commission did not
60 into details in respect to these
responsibilities. My conclusion as
to the responsibility of the Chief
of Staff is, as I have heretofore
stated, at variance with the con-
clusion of the Army Pearl Harbor
Board but it is in entire agreement
Will tllC tOllCiuSlOllo VI CllS FtOU-
erts Commission. Of the correct
ness of my conclusion in this last
respect, I have not the slightest
doubt
In the conclusions of the board
there were no other individuals
charged with responsibilities who
were criticized except for a sugges-
ton which might be construed as
a criticism of Secretary Hull. 1t is
suggested that in his conduct of the
negotiations with the japanese en-
voyS different procedure might
have prolonged the negotiations
until such time as the Army and
Navy were better prepared for hos
tile action. Not only do I strongly
disagree with what amounts at best
only to conjecture, but I feel that
the boards comment in this respect
was uncalled for and within the
scope of their proper inquiry.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
James Crawford, Capitol Guide
For 30 Years, Dies in Hospital

James A. Crawford, 6S, dean of
Capitol guides, died yesterday in
Arlington Hospital after an illness
of two months.
For more than 80 years Mr.. Craw-
ford helped school children and
statesmen find their way through
the Capitol halls and pointed out
statues and told anecdotes to visi-
tors. He was appointed as guide
by the late Senator Harry Lane,
Democrat, of Oregon.
Previously he had served as a
page in the House, having been ap-
pointed in the early COS by the late
Speaker Charles F. Crisp of Georgia.
During his long career, Mr.. Craw-
ford became acquainted with virtu-
ally all leading statesmen since the
turn of the century. He numbered
Evening star., 1945-08-29

Hawaiian responsibility has been
treated in Chapter III.
To summarize: Insofar as the
Chief of Staff is related to these
events there are specific things
which appear in the record with
which he was personally concerned.
The following are of this nature:
a. Failure to advise his deputy
chiefs of staff, Dryden, ARNOLD and
Moore, of the critical situation in
the Pacific so they might act in
telligently for him in his absence.
b. Failure to keep Gen. Short
fully Informed as to the interna-
tional situation and the probable
outbreak of war at any time.
C. The delay in getting to Gen
Short the important information
reaching Washington on the eve
ming of December and the morn
ing of December 7.
d. Noting without taking action
the sabotage message of Gen Short
which presumptively was on his
desk on the morning OF November
%, l94l.
e. His admitted lack of knowledge
of the condition of readiness of the
Hawaiian Command during the Pc
riod of November 8 TO December
z, 194l.
The board is impressed with the
absolute necessity of considering the
conduct of all responsible officers
in the light of the situation as it
existed in November and early De-
cember, l94l.
Faulty Thinking Charged.
1t was case of intelligent men
arriving at the best decision pos
sible with all the facts that were
before them. This is the basis for
successful procedure in either mill
tary or civil affairs. In both of
these fields occasional mistakes are
made Notwithstanding that such
principles are followed Such was
the case at Pearl Harbor.
This recital is in explanation, not
justification. The thinking in the
War Department and the Hawaiian
Department was faulty in that it
emphasized probabilities to the ex-
cluSion of capabilities
In summarizing the responsible
ties in Washington. it appears that
the issue between the United States
and Japan was precipitated before
the Army and Navy could prepare
themselves to follow through on the
consequences thereof and that CO.
ordination and cooperation between
the State. War and Navy Depart
ments lacked effectiveness, at least
in this respect.
AS to the War Departments re-
sponsibilities there was:
taD A lack of organization for war.
tb.) A lack of adequate procedure
under which to advise the Hawaiian
Department and to control its ac-
tionS
(c) A lack of instructions to the
Hawaiian Department based upon
full knowledge of its actions and
full knowledge of the international
situation.
Id Failures on November 1921,
November %, during the period from
November % to December 7, and
on December and 7, to take ade-
quate and prompt action on vital
information then at hand. These
responsibilities in mo way mitigate
those of Gen Short as commanding
general of the Hawaiian Depart
ment. However, they do add others
to the list of those responsible.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Sergeant Killed in Europe
Awarded Honor Medal
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Congress sional Medal Of
Honor has been posthumously
awarded to SiSergt. Andrew Miller
Of Two Rivers, Wis, who was killed
in action last November 19 near
Hemmersderf, Germany.
Maj. Gen. Harry Twaddle, COM
mander of the 95th Division, now
stationed at Camp Shelby. Miss, will
present the award to Mrs. Mamye
Miller, widow of the sergeant, at
Camp Shelby September 7.
Sergt Miller was cited for heroic
action on numerous occasions dur
ing the 377th Infantry Regiments s
advance for Woippy, France, to
Hemmersderf. Single-handedly he
captured several enemy gun en-
placements, and entered buildings
alone to rout the defenders. He was
killed as he was leading his men up
a fortified hill.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
War Criminals
Continued From First PageD

Moravia. He served in Hitler's
secret cabinet council.
Anti -Semite on List.
Julius Streicher. gauleiter of
Franconia, editor of Der Sturmer,
notorious anti-Semite and a school,
master by profession.
Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel,
chief of the Wehrmacht.
DR.. Walter Funk, president of the
Reichsbank.
Hjalmar Schacht, minister of
economics, commissioner of the
four-year plan and former head of
the Reichsbank.
Admiral Karl Doenitz, commander
in chief of the navy, director of
U-boat warfare, and the man who
took over rule of Germany after
Hitler was reported dead
Baldur Won Schirach, chief of the
Reich youth movement and ruler
of Vienna.
Fritz Sauckel, manpower commits
sioner.
Albert Speer. chief of the Todt
organization, which used slave labor
Hitler's Secretary Included.
Martin Bormann. Hitler's secre-
tary, deputy party leader, a general
in the SIS and SA.
Col. Gen. Alfred Gustav Jodl
chief of staff of the Wehrmacht.
Constantin Won Neurath. Reichs-
minister of foreign affairs until
1888, protector" of Bohemia and
Moravia for two years. and presi
dent of the secret cabinet council
DR.. Arthur Seyss- -Inquart, COM
missioner for the occupied Neither
lands,
Ad, liral Erich Raeder, inspector
of the German Navy and COM
mander in chief of the navy from
1928 until 1943.
Hans Fritsche, chief of the Ger
man radio propaganda service.
Gustav Krupp Won Bohlen und
Halbach, war industrialist.
Trial to Begin in October.
The list was drawn up by the
chief war crimes prosecutors for the
United States, Britain, France and
Evening star., 1945-08-29
u. 5. Moves 10 Relax Rules
On Latin American Travel

Relaxation of United States pass
port regulations, to permit Amer
ican citizens to travel to any coun-
try in North Central or South
America without passports, when
the other nations involved agree,
was announced yesterday
The State Department said Cam
ada now does not require passports
Of temporary visitors from this
country. Some classes of travellers
to Mexico and Guatemala may OBJ
tain tourist cards in lieu of pass
ports
Officials of other countries in this
hemisphere have indicated their
regulations will be changed to dc
away with passport requirements for
American visitors, the State Depart
ment SAID.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
ISchweIIenbach 0M
Job Assurance Bill
|At Senate HEARING
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The country cannot afford TO
risk the chance" of wide unem-
ployment by handS-of policy on
the part Of the Government on job
controls, Secretary of Labor SchWel-
lenbach said today.
The new Labor Secretary told
Senate Banking Subcommittee he
was in full accord with the prln-
ciples of the Wagner Murray job
assurance measure, and criticized
those groups which, he said, be-
lieve it is economically desirable
to have large pool of unemployed
upon which to draw"
Il think those who take this po-
sition are mistaken he asserted.
1T may be that during the time
when the problem Of production was
very difficult such arguments were
valid. However the problem Of pro-
duction has been licked in this coun-
try. Our problem now is one of
consumption. We can produce
plenty"
Refers to Other Aids.
Mr.. SchWellenbach said former
New Deal programs of providing
work such as NRA, WPA. the Pub
lie Works Administration have
been "in the nature of partial ap-
proaches to the problem" adding:
They have all been adopted after
unemployment became serious and
began to threaten the foundations
of our social and economic struc-
ture'
Every private device to attain full
employment should be used first, he
said, and only when that fails
should public devices be used.
Secretary SchWellenbach refused
to speculate on the number of jobs
which must be made available to
have full employment, stating there
were too many "imponderables" to
make an accurate forecast.
Hears Lewis, Green.
The committee late yesterday
heard John L. Lewis, president of
the United Mine Workers, and Will
liam Green, head of the American
Federation of Labor. testify that the
individuals ability to produce, per
hour, will increase by at least 80
per cent in the next few years.
Said Mr.. Green:
Because of increasing produce
tivity and increasing population
Americas industries will have to
furnish about 100000 new jobs
every year to provide full employ
ment' We will have to shorten the
work week to create some Of these
new jobs Every year we will have
to increase wages so that workers
will have enough income to pur-
chase their proportionate share Of
the increasing goods and services
they produce"
The outspoken leader Of the
miners went step further than Mr..
Green and gave the committee
proposed amendment to the full en-
ployment bill, declaring it to be
responsibility of Congress to adjust
and shorten the hours of labor from
time to time to achieve full en-
ployment.
Evening star., 1945-08-29

the late President Taft among his
Born in Baltimore, he came to
Washington while still child and
lived many years at B street NV. :,
almost in the shadow of the Capt.
tol. His last residence was at 1922
North Second road, Arlington.
He is survived by his widow, Mrs.
Ola L. Crawford; three sons, Boyd
Crawford, Arlington; Stanley Craw-
ford, Los Angeles; SlSergt. Gordon
P. Crawford, with the Army; two
daughters, Mrs. John T. A. Ely.
New York City, and Miss Muriei
Crawford, Takoma Park.
Private funeral services will be
held at 2 pm. Friday at the Ives
funeral home, Arlington. Burial will
be in National Memorial Park
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Powers Quits Congress
To Take Utility Post
By the Associated Press.

TRENTON, N. j., Aug. 29.-Rep-
resentative Powers. Republican, OF
New Jersey, today announced his
resignation from Congress to take
Office as a S12,000-a-year State pub
lie utilities commissioner.
MI. Powers, who has represented
the fourth New Jersey district ir
Congress since 1888, was named tc
the three-man utilities commission
April 3, and his nomination was
confirmed the same day.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
AdmiroI's Daughter
.Christens Tanker
By the Associated Press.

BALTIMORE, Aug %. - Miss
Meredith McCrea. 1700 Surrey lane
NV, Washington, daughter of Rear
Admiral John L. McCrea, central
division director of naval opera
tions, christened the U. S. S.
Chukawan, l6,000-ton twin-screw
tanker, at launching ceremonies
at the Bethlehem-Sparrows Point
Shipyard here yesterday.
The tanker, built for the Navy,
was named for an Alaskan river. :
Guests at the launching included
Admiral apd Mrs. McCrea, the Rev.
j. M. Geib of the faculty of George
town University, Capt. and Mrs.
George Campbell, Arlington, Va,
and 1t. Milton Shubert, Navy public
relations, Washington.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
De GuuIIe in Ottuwu;
Returns Home Toniqht

Ry the Associated Press.
OTTAWA, Aug. 29.-Gen. Charles
de Gaulle, head of the French pro-
visional government, arrived by
plane from Chicago last night for a
visit.
Gen de Gaulle was greeted by
Prime Minister w. L. Mackenzie
King, members of the cabinet and
che Canadian diplomatic corps.
Gen. de Gaulle planned a busy
round of social and diplomatic ac-
tivities before he leaves tonight by
air for France. He was a guest OF
the Governor General last night at
government house.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Government Sues Builders
OF Baltimore FHA Project
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, Aug. 29.-The Gov
ernment has filed suit in Fed
eral Court against the Ross Engi-
neering Co, Delaware corporation,
for S27.472, which the Government
charged was due for subcontract
work on Federal Housing Admin
istration project, known as Cherry
Hill Homes here.
The Government, acting as a use
plaintiff sued in behalf of Henry
y. Knott, Baltimore contractor. who
complained that he had not received
a s27 ,472 payment due him, despite
repeated requests
Named as co-defendant with the
Ross Co. was the Fidelity & Cas-
ualty Co. of New York. which had
drawn a payment bond" in excess
of 81 900 900 for the other defendant
Evening star., 1945-08-29
Priority Of Government
In Potato Buying Ends
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
With this years crop restoring
supplies to ample levels, the Agri-
culture Department today termin-
ated an order giving the Govern
ment priority on purchase of pota-
toes in 10 major producing States.
The priority order was issued last
year when supplies became so tight
that military services had difficulty
obtaining needed quantities.
The order was in effect for vary
ing periods in all of Colorado, and
in specific counties of Oregon, Ida
no, California, Maine, North Da-
kota, Minnesota, Michigan, North
Carolina and Virginia.
Evening star., 1945-08-29
President Rescinds
Ban on EnIistments
In Armed Forces
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press. r..
President Truman today Or
dered the resumption of volun-
tary enlistments in the armed
forces.
Such Nenlisaments were sus-
pended December S, 1912. To-
days order revokes that sus-
pension with a view to adding
to military forces during the
period they are needed for the
occupation of Germany and
Japan.