The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-07-18
BY RALPH HEINZEN United Presg War Analyst

United PreSG War Analyst
 Meeting now in the heart of the greatest destruction of a shattered continent, the big three have one well-known major problem to be settled, joint Allied working plan for an initial phase of at least five years of the occupation of conquer ed Germany, Austria and Hungary.
 The big three face a far tougher task at Potsdam than they faced at Teheran or at Yalta. At those con- ferences, they could deal with possi- bilities. At Potsdam, the Agenda must deal with realities, stern, stark realities of half a continent laid waste by war and a half globe suffering political and economic up- set as consequence.
 Just week ago, Washington hinted that President Truman would | be taking to Berlin composite, concrete plan for control of Ger many. It would be highly improb- able that any such single policy proposal would be accepted in Toto. | But it will provide very interesting working paper.
 Divided Occupation
 The American proposal might be to split occupation into two phases with two correlated plans. A first emergency or short term plan to meet immediate practical problems would run for from one to five years. The second plan might run for decades as long as it takes for Germany to convince her victors that she has reformed and would be a peaceable good neighbor again. That plan would be exceedingly elaborate and include all necessary technical provisions for the reedu- cation of Germany, as well as form ulating industrial and financial, pol itical and economic limitations and policies.
 That Germany-and eventually Japan-is to be hobbled militarily and for long decades cannot be doubted since President Truman stated on May IS his policy: "Ab- solute insurance against German or Japanese rearmament-ever again comes first with us.'
 The map of Europe may be re- drawn at Potsdam and this will in- evitably involve tremendous and complex shifting of great masses of population. Germany showed the way by moving many millions of civilians during the war-without ever interfering with military trans ports. Now those millions must be shifted back to their homes and mill lions more Germans will be uproot- ed and moved to new places.
 One of the biggest of these pop ulation- transfer problems involves the Sudentenland, in western Be- hemia, which was the material cause of the Munich 1888 agreement. At Potsdam, Russia may insist that this problem be solved.
 There are 3,5o0,000 Sudeten Ger mans in Czechoslovakia. When Prague was opened again to the Czechoslovak government. pr. Edou- ard Benes announced that all Nazi Germans in Czechoslovakia must leave, but that good Germans" who did no harm during the Nazi occupation could remain. Czech sources have set the proportion of good to bad Germans of about 1 to 8. That means about three million Germans will be uprooted from Be- hemia and the Sudetenland and must seek new homes back in the Reich.
 Prisoner Exchange
 The Prague government is now exchanging 300,000 Czechs and Slo- walks in Hungary for 50o,000 Ma gyars in Czechoslovakia. That con- forms with the Russo Hungarian armistice. But when Prague began the expulsion of the Sudeten Ger mans, with Moscow's approval, London stepped in and demanded postponement until the whole problem could be thrashed out in a general plan of shifting of popu- lations to be discussed by the Big Three.
 Meanwhile, the Prague govern ment had seized more than 270.000 farms, comprising about 6.250,000 acres, chiefly in the Sudetenland. owned by Germans, Hungarians or traitors and collaborationists" generally.
 Prague already has arrested B. 900 Nazi fifth columnists" and col laborationists for trial. It has com- pletely forbidden German language newspapers, in the Sudetenland or elsewhere in the country. It has closed German schools and has banned from Czech schools all chil- dren of Nazis and collaborationists. It has closed the great German Uni- versity at Prague.
 Exile Minorities
 Dr. Benes has announced the Czech governments desire to be forever rid of the German and Hun- garian minorities. Czechoslovakia was the first victim of German ag- gression. he contends, and the last to be liberated. The martyrdom of Lidice, the student massacre in Prague and the extermination of hundreds of thousands of Czechs in German prison camps. he planes