davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-21
Many BeIsen Prisoners Starved Beyond Hope
Of Survival Even With Best of Allied Care
Signal Corps Radiophoto.

Outside one of these huts within
a barbed-wide compound 1 saw a
smouldering heap of rags, and un-
der it the half-burned body of. q
man. dragged out with the rags and
undiscovered until the gradually
consumed waste disclosed this one
time human among the ashes. Not
that it would have made any differ
ence to the others If they had
known.
Weak Voices Hail Allies.
Inside this hut I saw and heard
something else. Inside this hut
choked and cried. What once were
men lay on the floor clothed in
rags. Already they lay in the same
grotesque macabre attitudes of the
corpses on the heaps a few yards
away.
A major who took me there, Mai.
j. P. Fox of Dublin, Ireland, COM
mander OF field hygienic unit, told
me nothing can help these poor
wretches. We can't even feed them.
they are too far gone to retain any
food. They are dying and there is
nothing we can do about it."
There they lay, already pushing
through the gates of death. AS we
walked through the door they were
cheered. We could see the light Of
deliverance flash into those dying
eyes. One or two feeble, wasted
arms came slowly up and waved q
"" sign slowly in the air. The
ghosts Of voices quavered something
that sounded like 'hurrah" at the
sight OF Allied uniforms.
The major, another American
correspondent and staggered out
OF the hut, unable to see or speak
and Maj. Fox said, II think I have
shown you all there is to see in this
place."
But he had shown me only little.
Ihere was more-much more.
Human Spirit Survives.
He showed me proof that the hu-
man spirit can survive even such
calculated evil as was practiced In
this abominable spot. He took me
to the cookhouse and introduced
me to a Polish woman who for sew
eral years had been an inmate of
German prisons and concentration
camps.
She had been in Belsen seven
months. Previously she had been
confined even longer in famous
Auschwitz In Poland and for ~
months in prison-in the relative
comfort OF prison. lin Berlin.
We were received in her miser-
able little room in the cookhouse-
hers since the liberation-as in q
castle drawing room. She spoke
English-brokenly, cautiously-but
she spoke English, and talked With
restraint, with great care, without
bitterness, she talked.
This is what I heard:
Josef Kramer, SIS commander OF
Belsen now under close arrest, pre-
viously commanded Auschwitz,
Evening star., 1945-04-21

ceased to be anything recognizably
human about them, even before the
last flicker of life disappeared.
Living Beside Dead.
I saw the living beside these dead
Living-they still walked and talked
and stared curiously, Internationally
at visitors and sniped cigarette butts
tossed from a passing Army car
went to the cookhouse for food and
knelt around fires. There were sup
posed to be $4,000 of them alive
when the British arrived. Living
but hardly men and women now,
their spirits so broken and degraded
that the nameless horror around
them was without meaning or sig
niicance.
saw there was no sex, no shame,
no modesty, no self-respect among
these people-driven in few
months backward a million years
towards primordial scum. .
Some habits remained. Women
stood naked cleaning themselves
with cans of water, unconscious Of
their fiat, empty nakedness.
Men, equally naked, also remem-
bered the habit of bathing. Clothing
to these people meant warmth,
nothing else.
I saw children walking about in
this hell. Children-the first I saw
I'll never rub out of my mind. A
boy, perhaps 7, and his sister, maybe
S. The knobs of their joints bulging
through their thin clothes, faces like
mummies, timorously sneaking up
with small pals towards a water
truck, their great fierce eyes intent
on chance to rush in and steal
pails-full of water.
Bodies Dumped Into Pit.
Obviously they were unable to
comprehend something being freely
given. 1t was agony to watch their
stealthy approach, keeping always
behind a British soldier who was
there helping all who came.
I saw SIS men and women. once
the torturing, brutal guards of this
purgatory beyond imagination, put
to labor leading the bodies of the
people they had killed into trucks.
saw them at the pits unloading
these human carcasses, dragging
them through the sand and dump
ing them into a great hole half
filled with dead. I saw these dead
dead long beyond rigor mortis-
tumble Imply into the vast common
grave that hid their namelessness
forever.
saw the living and dead lying
beside each other in filthy huts-
long, barracks-like buildings-the
living no more able to rise than the
dead.
I saw men eating food just brought
from the cookhouse, eating within
a yard OF corpses dead for days, un-
concerned by the death beside them
or by the stencil from slow-burning
heaps OF rags impregnated with fifth.
Evening star., 1945-04-21
Prisoners Run GontIet
Of German Boyonets

AN RCAF FIGHTER FIELD IN
GERMANY, April 20 P,.-Grim de-
tails of how American, British and
Canadian war prisoners were made
to run gantlet of slashing German
bayonets were told by liberated
Canadian airmen who survived the
torture.
What the prisoners referred to as
the "Stettin jaunt" occurred last
July, said Warrant Officer Joseph
Pamburn, Canadian navigator from
st. Boniface, Manitoba, when soc
Evening star., 1945-04-21

d SIldSGly DuIldl.
No cofns or
flowers at this
funeral. No tears
or W e H. b r e d
sym p a t h y. No
music.
These n a k e d
C or ses were
hauled in trucks
a n d d u m p e d
into a pit. Their
pallbearers were
SIS elite Guard
men and women,
now Allied pris-
oners.
n h oi litorn
Evening star., 1945-04-21
Congress in Brief

BY the Assoc. ated Press
Both Senate and House in recess
until Monday.
Senate Educa ton and Labor Com
mittee continues hearing on Federal
aid to education bill.
Evening star., 1945-04-21

AoAAs, anu
his companion ,
Michael Quinn,
81, who escaped,
with the double
Staying here last
February % of
Edward Barker
and Pany Casba-
rian in a trailer
on a second
h a n d parking
lot.
The FB1 agents
were seeking to
arrest McCann
and Quinn on
uyorroDfe ~o
Evening star., 1945-04-21

Have you thought about going
into business for yourself? Buy and
hold enough War Bonds and you'll
be set to open l small business Of
your own.
Evening star., 1945-04-21
Bank HoIdup Suspect,
Slain by FBI, Linked
To Trailer Murders

Washington police today def1n-
itely connected Joseph McCann, Al,
who was killed by Federal Bureau
OF Investigation agents in New York
Evening star., 1945-04-21
BY WILLIAM FRYE.

Associated Press War Correspondent.
BELSEN, Germany, April 2l.-
The dead were getting burial to-
day at this fearsome concentration
camp-each nameless dead getting
Evening star., 1945-04-21
FOUND.

1 KEYS ON CHAIN. / car key At No.
SSsspn1tol and Eye SITS. Friday evening EX
Evening star., 1945-04-21
LOST RATION COUPONS

RATION BOOKS and 4, issued to MRS.
AAthSEHTA BOYD Pennington dr., Chevy
KATIoN BOOK No. 4, issued to Merry Del
RSSyeere' Van Buren,. Ark. If found calf CO.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21

formatu v nakladi 10000 izvo-
dov. Nadalje tiska mesecnike
kvartnega formata: ''Naso ze-
no., "Mladino'', "Mlado pest,
"Slovenskega pionirja'', "Novi
rod", "Delavsko enotnost'' raz-
licne brosure, letake, lepake in
formularje.
"Triglav" je partizanska It's
karna v pravem smislu. Postav-
lien in urejen je bill z velikimi
zrtvami in napori sredi nemske
ofenzive. Njegovi delavci, XII jih
je 70, live kot ma otoku, odre-
zani cd sveta. Pot il partizar1-
ske tiskarne je namrec tako
redka, kot da je nj. Partizan-
ska tiskarna tudi obiskov ne po-
zna. Edna nit, XII pelje do nje,
je Okla steza partizanskega ku-
rirja, XII prinese rokopis in od-
nese tiskan casopis. Druga pot,
po kateri prihaja hrana in oble-
ga ter zdravila, je prav tako
skrivnost Centralne tehnike, "a
katero nihee drugi ne We.
(D0Zie nrihOdadiEl
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21

ca decembra je bilo delo oprav-,
ljeno. Yes resent tiskarski ma
terial je bill zbran in urejen.
"Triglav" sc je dokoncno IL
popolnil v mesecu maju 1914,
ko .ie bill pripeljan v tiskarno Sc
veliki tiskarski stroj, XII je bill
prejsnjo jesen evakuiran il No.
vega mesta. Steer tudi med Ii
mo nj pocival, vendar je bio
njegovo delo zaradi prevelike
okupatorjeve blizine proved
ovirano.
Prevoz velikega tiskarskega
stroja Sc je izvrsil po ozkih, do
skrajnosti slabih poteh. S pre-
vozom je bilo izvrseno delo, "a
katero bi v mirnem casu vsak-
do rekel, da je nemogoce. Tudi
1000 ky teak podstavek so
partizanske roke spravile ma
svoje mesto.
"Triglav' natisne vsak me-
sec stirikrat "Slovenskega po-
rocevalca', enkrat ma mesec
''Kmecki glas". Oba casopisa
izhaiata v velikem casopisnem
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21
S1ike IL osvobodi11le
borbe v S1oveniji
Por+izonske +iskorne v S!oveniiii
Propaganda Gavnesa
voke in Partzanskh sovenie

med nemsko ofenzivo propadel.
Nemci so nasli tudi veliki It's
karski stroj in ga poskodovali,
vendar ne toliko, da hi Sc ne dal
popraviti.
Po ofenzivi je bila prva skrb
tiskarjev izgraditev in izpopol-
nitev "Triglava". V mrazu in
snegu je bila postavljena majh-
ma baraka, spalnica, kuhinja in
delavnica. V mrazu in snegu so
tiskarji pobirali po gozdu skriti
tiskarski material in ga po vec
kakor 10 ur dolgi poti vozili in
nosili v "Triglav'. Sredi mese-
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21
(Nadaljevamje)

Razvoj ciklostilskih tiskarn
v pokrajini je nekoliko prekini-
la italijanska ofenziva v avgu-
stu in septembru 1912. Ia vi
har pa je srecno prestala It's
karna v Sticni, XII je takoj po
ofenzivi izdala zelo mnogo par
tizanskega tiska. Ko v Sticni
nj mogla vec vzdrzati, je bila
preseljena v kocevske gozdove
in je tn pod imenom "Urska"
svoje delo nadaljevala prav do
italijanske kapitulacije. "Urska"
je bila zelo mocna in je delala
"a vso ljubljansko pokrajino,
posebno pa "a tista podrocja,
kjer je bilo okupatorjevo ma
silje najvecje.
Prva prava partizanska It's
karna v pokrajini pa je nasta-
la v zacetku 1912. Stroj il
"Podmornice', XII zaradi ljub-
ljanskega zicnega bloka nj mo-
gel vec delati, SO prenesli V Do
lomite in v dolomitskih hribih
Sc je delo nadaljevalo. Vendar
Sc ia tiskarna zaradi ,izredno
tezkega polozaja sredi okupa-
torjevih postojank nj mogla
razviti, tea della je ostala ma
ciklostilskih tiskarnah.
Popolnoma nov razvoj v par
tizanskem tisku V Ljubljanski
pokrajini je nastal kapitulaci-
jo Italije. Takrat sta bila eva
kuirana diva Velika tiskarska
stroja, prvi IL Kocevja, drugi il
Novega mesta. Ia stroja sta
postala glavna moe dveh cen
tralnih partizanskih tiskarn:
"Triglava' in "Partizanske It's
karne''.
"Triglav" izvira il kocevske
tiskarne. L. Kocevja je bila It's
karna evakuirana konec okto-
bra 1943. Evakuacija Sc je vr-
silo treh etapah. Posebno tez-
ka je bila zadnja etapa. Dne %.
oktobra je namrec prevoz ma
padla nemska aviacija, vendar
brez skode. Prevoz je moGno owl
rala tudi nemska ofenziva pro-
tt osvobojenemu ozemlju, XII je
bila takrat V polnem teku. Zato
je bilo treba velik del tiskarske-
ga materiala skriti po gozdo-
viii. Samo del prevoza Sc je v
najbolj kriticnem trenutku re
nahajal ma sedezu "Triglava",
kjer je mali tiskarski stroi re
tekel. 80. oktobra so Nemci pri-
sli neposredno blizino tiskar-
ne in napadli strazo. Mali stroi
je bilo treba nitro demontira-
ii in skriti. Ko Sc je nemska
ofenziva naslednjih dneh po-
legla, je "Triglav' takoj NADIA
ljeval svojim delom.
Del tikarskega materiala je
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21
Mali oglasi
Napr0daj je

lota 5Ox150; ma 1876 E. 331 St.,
Willoughby, Ohio, nova garaza
12x18, XII ina 2 sobi pridelani
in poleg je senda, stranisce, vo-
da in velik vrt z dobro 'zemljo.
Lastnik je tn zivel 4 leta ter mo-
ra prodati radi bolezni. Cena je
nizka. Vprasa Sc ma TIT E. 80
st., ali poklicite Potomac 4412.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-09-21
DR.. james W. Many
ROJEN 9. JULIA 1899


zakrament mrno e bill polozen dne IT,
ma Calvary pokopalMee.
zelincna
pris pokropit spominjalz mol
tud blag pokoj
razpolago pogrebu tudi
udeezie dnjega
vodan ocastno premli groba.
Farrell opravljeno
Francis Baragi mast
zvodu Anton Grdna Snovi prazno
blag
predragi v n uzivaj
JOHANNA MALLY.
Asin:
nati
CAPT. in
Clevelan 2.
Evening star., 1945-01-10

flight. Sergt. johnson. was as
signed to the China-Burma- India
theater. The medals were received
by his mother, Mrs. o. B. Johnson,
1900 F street NV.
Second 1t. william r. d. Snyder,
who was killed in action in March,
1914, while participating in a bomb
ing mission over Europe, was given
the Air Medal posthumously. The
decoration was accepted by his wife,
Mrs. Constance M. Snyder, 315
Franklin street NE, and infant
daughter Sharon. Before entering
the service in July, 1912, 1t. Snyder
worked for a chain of drug stores
here. His parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Snyder, live at 2701 Girard
place NE.
1t. Wilbur b. O'Brien, who is miss
ing in action, was awarded the Air
Medal and one Oak Leaf Cluster
for "meritorious achievement" while
participating in sustained combat
operations over enemy occupied
Europe. The medal was presented
to his wife, Mrs. Frances v. OBrien,
TAI Longfellow street NV. 1t,
OBrien was formerly an accountant
here. He entered the Army Air
Forces in 1912.
Evening star., 1945-01-10
Charleston Navy Yard
Building Rocket Ships
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
CHARLESTON, S. c., Jan. TO-
Rocket firing landing ships, to op-
crate with invasion forces, are being
built at the Charleston Navy Yard,
officials there revealed today.
First built on an experimental
basis, the rocket firing ships have
been converted from the already
launched hulls of landing ships.
They are approximately the size of
British Lots and about twice the
size Of the American-bu Lots
the Navy said.
The new ships carry three types
of high explosive rockets fired by
electricity.
The Navy recently announced II
had developed such a small rocket
carrying ship.
Evening star., 1945-01-10
| Marine General, Army
Colonel Are Recipients
Of Legion Of Merit

Brig. Gen. John r. Walker, 81, OF
47l2 Butterworth place NV. has
received the Legion of Merit for
perfecting new and untried staff in
IAN extremely short time" before
and during the fighting at Guam.
1t. Gen. A. A. Vandegrift, Marine
Corps commandant, made the pres
entation Friday at marine head
quarters. Gen. Walker, native Of
ALE, Tex, previously had won the
Navy Cross for heroism in the Mar
shall Islands.
Mrs. Walker and their daughter,
Geraldine, 20, reside with him here.
Col. william T. johnson, 1915
Twentieth street, Arlington, has
been awarded the Legion of Merit,
the War Department announced yes
terday. He has been serving as
executive officer to Maj. Gen. A. H.
Carter, fiscal director, who made
the presentation in his office in the
Pentagon.
Col. johnson has been given an
unannounced overseas assignment.
The award was given "for ex-
ceptionally meritorious conduct" as
executive officer in the Office Of
Chief of Finance and later in the
Office of the fiscal officer from Mo-
vember 18, 1910, to December %,
1914.
Born in Hartwell, Ga, Col john
son was a student at Davidson Col
lege, N. C. He entered the Regular
Army in 1920.
Sergt. Harold J. Joyce, %, hus-
band of Mrs. Charlotte Joyce, 1760
Evening star., 1945-01-10
Judge Studies Pleas
By Opposing Counsel
In Ward Seizure Case
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Jan. 10.-The first
phase of the legal fight over the
Army's seizure of Montgomery
Ward & Co. properties, in which the
wartime power of President Roose-
velt was the principal issue, was
ended today.
Federal Judge Philip L. Sullivan
had for study pleas by opposing
counsel in the Governments motion
for an injunction to restrain the
company from interfering with
Army Operation of the firms facili-
ties in seven cities.
A decision by Judge Sullivan Is
not expected for a couple of weeks
and, according to previous state
ments by Government and company
officials, 1t will be appealed to the
Supreme Court by the loser. Judge
Sullivan granted the company until
January 16 to file briefs in the case
while the Government was given
until January % to file its answer.
Judge Sullivan's decision will in
clude a declaratory judgment on
the presidential powers, which was
the principal issue of discussion In
arguments by Government and COM
pany attorneys at the two-day hear
Ing. The Government has asked for
a Judgment upholding legality OF
President Roosevelt's seizure order
while the company. in pleas and In
briefs, has maintained that he act
ed In violation of the Constitution
The Army took over the com
pany's mail-order business in seven
cities across the Nation following
Wards refusal to obey War Labor
Board directives for maintenance OF
union membership, wage increases
and related provisions.
Evening star., 1945-01-10
Chicago Post Office Cafe
Short ], 500, 900 Points
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Jan. 10.-The restau-
rant and cafeteria of Chicago's new
post Office building was short nearly
2,500,000 red and blue ration points,
the Chicago area OPA office an
nounced yesterday.
The establishment serves almost
10000 meals daily to Government
employees and is open "a hours a
day. Marion w. Isbel, OPA area
director, said the points and $1,000
pound sugar shortage will be charged
against the restaurants future ration
allotments until paid up.
"This procedure is adopted, rather
than suspension from business, be-
cause the post office restaurant is
an essential business operated as a
non-prof1t enterprise by board
of post Office employees" Mr.. Isbell
said.
Evening star., 1945-01-10
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
By Allied Flyers in
Bombing Own Troops
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, Jan. 10.-Malmedy. a
Belgian town of 5000 on the north
ern flank of the German break
through, was nearly DESTROYED by
two Allied air attacks Just before
Christmas in one of the wars tragic
errors, delayed front dispatches dis
closed today.
American troops still were hold
Ing the town and never lost 1t. al
though the enemy approached with
In a kilometer. Associated Press
correspondent Hal Boyle said in a
dispatch dated December 81.
America medium bornbers dropped
elght bombs on the town December
rs, Mr.. Boyle said. The next day a
larger force of Allied aircraft ap-
peared. MIR. Boyle did not specify
their nationality.
Many Soldiers Killed.
Numbers of civilians and soldiers
were killed" he reported.
The London News Chronicle said
there is slight consolation in the
TACT" that the Germans also bombed
their own troops in a town just
south of Malmedy about the same
time. The papers field correspond
ent called the Malmedy attack lone
OF those grievous incidents of air
war indicative of the dangers and
difficulties that attend close support
bombing by strategic air forces.
Similar accidents occurred at st.
Lo and Caen in Normandy"
There were several reports prior to
the bombing, all apparently unofi-
cial, that the Germans had cap
tured Malmedy. Mr.. Boyle said Paris
believed 4 had fallen and that the
Army newspaper Stars and Stripes
printed story to that effect.
Supreme headquarters, in its COM
munique issued on the day of the
first air attack, said Malmedy re-
manned in Allied hands. The town
was not mentioned officially the next
two days, December "a and Decem-
ber Is, but on December 26 the COM
munique repeated it still was held
by the Allies.
u. S. Engineers Remain.
although shelled by the Ger
mans, 98 American combat engi-
neers stubbornly stuck to the road
blocks they had built east of NAL
medy," Mr.. Boyle wrote. ''They
saved the village for the Allies until
strong reinforcements ended their
peril.
During the confused battles of
December % a force of American
medium bombers dropped eight
bombs on Malmedy. Fires which
were started in the city square
burned for four days. Then on the
afternoon of December 24-the day
before Christmas-a larger forma-
ton of bombers came over"
Water mains were broken and
American engineers had to blow up
buildings in a ring around the
burning area to check the fires.
American Army trucks evacuated
at least 1000 of the towns residents,
Mr.. Boyle said.
Evening star., 1945-01-10

in action in Italy in November, ac-
cording to word received by his IA
ther, John Doye. Pvt. Doye has re-.
ceived the Purple Heart.
He was born in Gaithersburg, Md,
and attended school here. Before
entering the Army in November,
1943, he was a truck driver. He went
overseas in July.
Pvt. Jack Berger, %, husband of
Mrs. Mollye R. Berger, 1920 Monroe
street NV, was wounded in the leg
in France in October and is now
convalescing in hospital in Eng
land, the War Department has no.
titled his wife. He has been award
ed the Purple Heart.
Pvt. Berger was born in Jersey
City and has lived here since he was
2 years old. He was graduated from
Abbot Vocational School in 1884 and
was manager of liquor store before
entering the Army in March. He
went overseas last September 10.
Mr.. and Mrs. Berger have three
daughters, Sandra, 8; Elaine, 6, and
Barbara Lee, IL months old.
Second 1t. Leonard S. Bradley, 80,
infantry, was seriously wounded in
action December % at Luxembourg
the War Department informed his
wife, Mrs. Winifred Bradley, who
lives at 5018 North Twenty fifth
road, Arlington. He was serving with
Gen. Patton's Sd Army, Mrs. Brad
ley said.
A native of Lynchburg, Va, where
his parents live, 1t. Bradley came
here in 1885. He was assistant
cashier at the Liberty National Bank
when he entered the Army in jan
uary, 1943. He was sent overseas
last October. In his last letter
home, 1t. Bradley said he was to
receive a battlefield promotion, his
| wife said.
Pfc. William A. Mitchell, 20, son
of Mrs. Ruth K. Mitchell of 1122
Fifth street NE, was wounded in
Germany on December 7, his family
has been informed by the War De-
partment. Pvt. Mitchell had been
wounded in action in France on
November 10 but had returned to
active duty. A story on Pvt. Nit
chell was carried by The Star on
December 8.
Pfc. Upton d. Harding, infantry,
was wounded in action for the Sec
ond time December 13 in Germany,
the War Department notified his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. William G.
Harding of Diamond avenue, Cal
thersburg, Md.
Pvt. Harding was first wounded
July IL In France and was returned
to duty July %. He entered the
service two years ago and was
shipped overseas nine months ago.
Pvt. Franklin E. Miller, 80, of 912
Twelfth street NV, was wounded
in action in Italy September 26, but
has returned to duty, his~wife, Mrs.
Evening star., 1945-01-10
|U-boat Revival Called
More Evidence War
rs Far From Over
By the Associated Press.

By tne Associated PreS6.
) U-boat warfare "flared into re-
newed activity" during December.
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill so reported last
night, describing the increased ac-
tivity by German submarines as
but another index that the Euro
pean war is far from over"
They said Allied losses Of fmer-
chant shipping increased, but de-
spite the losses "the United Nations
are regularly continuing to supply
their expanding armies over the
world, enabling them to resist the
attackers or drive back the foe"
"The Allies continue to sink the
enemy undersea craft in widely sep
|arated parts of the world" the
monthly joint statement Of Sthe
Anglo-American leaders said
THE announcement of the recent
landing of enemy agents from a
U-boat on the Maine coast Is yet
another indication that the menace
|of Germany's undersea fleet is real
and continuing"
Increased U-boat activity had
been forecast by the President and
Prime Minister in their joint state
ment on submarines and antisub-
marine actions during November.
They said at that time that Ger
many had "by no means abandoned
the struggle" and had introduced
new devices such as an extensible
air intake and exhaust to enable
U-boat to remain submerged for
long periods.
They said reports that Germany
had abandoned U-boat construction
were probably German-inspired"
and untrue