davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Race Riots Hit Soho
In Street Battles

LONDON. Aug. 1S CUP)-
American white and Negro troops
clashed in victory celebrations in
the Soho section early today.
staging running street battles in
which several were stabbed or
injured.
Thousands of British civilian
JOY seekers saw the fights.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Air Battle Over Tokyo
WainWrisht's
Rescue Near

MANILA Aug. Is (UP)-Lt. Gen. Jonathan
Wainwright, who succeeded Gen. Macarthur on
Corregidor in 1912 and negotiated the American
surrender may be liberated by the Russian armies
driving into Manchuria, it was revealed today.
The American Red Cross reported that Wainwright
200 hgh-ranking American officers and 200 enlisted men
last reported imprisoned at one of two camps at
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Oslo Blast Kills So

OSLO. Aug. 1S GNSJ -Crimi-
nal investigation authorities today
investigated a German ammuni-
tion dump explosion which killed
al least So persons and injured
several hundred others yesterday
in the Oslo dock area.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Tax Cuts
FOreSe0n

WASHINGTON. Aug. IS UP)
Lower taxes next year. eSpc-
clally for business. were seen to-
day as a distinct possibility after
statement by Secretary Of the
Treasury Fred VinSon.
Nmson said the treasury was
giving serious consideration TO re-
vision of taxes on 1916 income.
Meanwhile, Senator Harold o
Burton CR). Ohio, of the Senate
commerce committee demanded
the repeal or reduction Of the ex-
cess profits tax on corporations by
Jan. /.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Million Jdps
.SurrenderiinQ
To Red Army

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug.
.18 (INS)-The Russian radio
at Khabarovsk indicated to-
day that surrender of the
entire japanese Kwantung
army in Manchuria, unof-
ficially estimated at one mil
lion troops, was under way.
The radio broadcast a message
TO Gen. Otozo Yamada, COM
mander in chief of the Kwantung
army, that Soviet delegates
landed at Harbin airport at 7:30
p. m, Khabarovsk time $3.50 a. m.
PWT) today TO pick up the Japa-
nese surrender delegate.
REDS MARK TIME
The message informed the Japa-
nese general. that the Russian
commander in Manchuria, Mar
shal Vasilevsky. had ordere d
Soviet forces Ito cease military
operations on all sectors of the
front after all operations have
stopped on your side"
The dispatch, recorded by the
FEC, said the Soviet delegation
was under orders to fly the
Japanese surrender representative
from Hardin directly to Marshal
VaSilevsky's headquarters.
The official Russian khabar-
avsk radio announced the Kwan-
tung armys peace move this
morning. 10 days after the Rus
slams sent their three far eastern
armies crashing across the Si-
berian frontier into Manchuria
and Korea.
There was no immediate am-
plification of the broadcast, but il
was indicated that the semi
autonomous Kwantung army
finally had decided to obey Em-
peror Hirohito's ceaSe-hre order.
The announcement came on the
heels of the Russian disclosure
that Soviet amphibious forces
were Storming ashore at a num-
Der of new points on the Korean
coast in a drive 10 envelop the
kwantung army.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
9,315-Mi. Bike Trip
Ends in Oregon

PORTLAND. Ore. Aug. -
tUP)-Sun and wind-burned but
smiling Margaret Stovall is here
today after completing a 9.3l5-
mile bicycle trip.
She left Portland in March.
1914, and covered 33 states and
two provinces.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
EX-NaZi Prisoner Dies
Here of MaInufrifiOn

T SGT. James A. OLeary. 21. a
former B-2i radio operator. is
dead today as the result of malnu-
triton while prisoner Of the
Germans.
Sgt OLcary collapsed from a
heart attack last night while visit
inS a friend at 1888 Santa Bar
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20

bara. Physicians attributed death
10 a starvation diet while a priS-
oner in LudwigShaven He was
captured on his 2Sth mission.
Surviving are his parents. Mr..
and Mrs. Max O'Leary OF 1908 w.
Boston; two sisters. Patricia and
Maureen and a brother, Thomas.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
REPORTED WELL

Last reported in a Manchurian
prison camp, Gen. Wainwright sent
form postal card 10 his wife last
January, but its contents were
Scanty
In April. Tokyo radio reported
that the general was well and
comfortably housed" but a letter
to him from his wife was returned
by cenSors because such a commu-
nication would show that Jap
radio propaganda. was being heard
IN this country.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
MANIAC SUSPECTED
Truman 10 Give II
U.S.. Medals Of Honor

WASHINGTON. Aug. rs GNS)
President Truman will award
Congressional Medals of Honor 10
u officers and enlisted men al a
mass ceremony Thursday.
The ceremonies viii be the
greatest mass presentation in his
tory of the nations highest award
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
Won Model Believed
Leading Resistance

LONDON, Aug 1S CUP)-
News Chronicle columniSt Ian
Mackay said yesterday that Field
Marshal Gen. Walther von Model
might be the center of a German
reSlSianccfmovement IN Hanover
and CelleA 4
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
YANKS TO BE ARMED

Meanwhile, an ms dispatch
from Okinawa reported that
Brig. Gen. Frederic Smith Jr.,
head of the Fifth Air Force
Fighter Command. had an
nounced that American air units
"are going into Japan on a COM
plete war foOting-ready for
any eventuality." The dispatch
quoted the general as saying
that American occupation plans
include diSarming Of the Jap
air forces and investigation Of
NippOnese aircraft plants by
I. =. intelligence officersO
Tokyo earlier notified Gen Mac
Continued on Page ?. Col. ~
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
aIlkS
Fight
.ZerOS

OKINAWA, Aug. 1S UP)
= While Gen. Macarthur
waited in Manila for the
arrival of Jap surrender
emissaries. American recon-
naissance planes again en-
countered heavy Japanese
anti-aircraft fire today over
Japan and American casual
ties were reported.
Returning American fliers said
that a running battle between
B-32's and IA japanese Zero fight
ers ragged over the Tokyo area.
American P-3S and B-32 photo
reconnaissance planes were sent
over Kyushu today and. As was
the case yesterday. encountered
opposition from japanese ground
batteries.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20

~ udNS ago.
Inspector Duncan McNa0b of
the Windsor police declared that
Price and ScIcglSki had been
murdered by the same person and
probably with the same weapon.
He said there was no relation be-
tween those two murders and the
hammer staying Wednesday Of
William Dawes. garage night
watChman.
However, the Staying of Davies
certainly was similar in IT'S mercl-
less brutality 10 the other two.
The 67-year-old mans head was
smashed and his body was covered
with bruises.
MANIAC SUSPECTED
There has never been any
thing like this in Windsor be
fore" McNabb declared. we
must he dealing with a maniac,
Jack the Ripper type"
In an effort TO expedite solution
OF any of the crimes. the city OF
Windsor offered reward of
50 600 and the Windsor Star
81 900 for information leading TO
Continued on Page ,. Col. 81
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20

Mukden, which a japanese
broadcast reported the Rus
slams were threatening.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-20
ACK-ACK FIRE HEAVY

First reports said the anti-air-
craft fire came from Osaka and
NagaSaki. II was said 10 have
been heavy al both cities.
One American was killed and
two were wounded IN one Of the
B-32S.
Yesterday a flight of four B-32S
met both aHti-aircraft and fighter
opposition in a flight over Tokyo
Bay and reported shooting down
two japanese fighters. One of
the B-32S was damaged consider
ably by ack-ack shells but made
It's home base safely.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

@. What State has the largest
area of virgin pins forest?-D. E. L.
A. Forest Service says that oregon
has the largest area of virgin pine
forests in the United States.
@. How many people own radio
sets now as compared with Is years
ago?-R. S.
A. The number of radio sets owned
today is 60,000 900, as compared with
about 5000 in 1920. There are over
$4,000 employees in radio today; in
1920 there were about 5000.
@. What country has had the
longest uninterrupted period of
peace?-J. L. B.
A. Switzerland has probably had
longer uninterrupted period of peace
than any other country in the world.
@. What are the principal political
parties now functioning in France?
i. S.
A. The three leading parties are
the Communist, the Socialist and
the Popular Republican parties.
@. What Queen contributed money
toward building the Lee home,
Stratford-on-the-P he-Potomac?-L. G.. F.
A. The Thomas Lee estate was
burned in February, 1923. When
the news reached London, a sum of
800 pounds was sent by Queen Caro-
line, wife of George II, as gift from
her privy. purse There also was a
response from friends and business
associates in the East India Co.
These funds were used in the con-
struction of Stratford.
@. Is the contribution to social
security deducted from a soldiers
pay? If not, why is he asked to give
his number?-B. C.
A. Social security deductions are
not made from the pay of military
personnel. The Army makes a rec
ord Of the number if the man has
one as matter of form and for the
purposes of identification.
@. In the event that the pilot of a
Navy plane receives the Navy Cross
for an outstanding act of valor, do
the air creWmen also receive
aWards?-T. R. L.
A. There is no set rule governing
this situation, and whether or not
such action is taken depends upon
the recommendation of the COM
manding officer. Crew members are
often recommended for lesser
awards.
@. May a veteran who served in
the Army before World War II re-
quest that a civil service examina-
ton be reopened?-P. H. C.
A. Civil service examinations are
reopened for war veterans only. A
peacetime veteran is not entitled to
have an examination reopened. A
veteran of the present war may have
a civil service examination reopened
at any time within a year after his
discharge, or, if he was discharged
before August II, 1945, at any time
within one year after that date.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
On the Other Hand
Relieves Three-Power Communique Will
Advance United Nations Organization

course, governments sometimes ind
new language with which to disavow
what seem to be absolute commit
ments, but nothing in the records
of Messrs. Attlee, Mackenzie King
and Truman justifies suspicion that
they have said either more or less
than they actually mean.
In any case, the first meeting of
the Assembly of the United Ma
tions will be held in January and it
should become clear then whether
or not the three statesmen have
taken decisive step toward giving
the United Nations Organization the
sort of responsibility and power that
it needs If it is to bring order and
security into the world.
Evening star., 1945-11-17

and reinforcements in the combat
areas, and thus not only Illustrate
the submarine but make a NAVY of
any kind superfluous. There is no
question but that we can build
planes of greater size and range
than any we have today. Those
that we can foresee, however. are
going to need a correspondence
greater ip-borne tonnage to main
tain them at distant bases. The
commanding general of the Army
Air Forces has described how diff
cult it was for the B-29s in China
to be adequately supplied by air
across the hump" with gasoline
bombs and equipment, and how it
increased their efficiency to be based
IN the Marianas, where all these
supplies could be brought to them in
ships. The Navy, of course, provided
and protected those ships, and would
be required to protect such shipping
in the future for the maintenance OF
Dombers based outside the United
States
Story Of Atomic Energy.
4 believe that we must carefully
study the possibilities that have
been suggested to the world through
the use OF atomic energy as a means
OF destruction. The full implica-
lions OF the atomic bomb are moi
yet clear, but it is clear that the
existence of this and other new
weapons is a most serious problem
Tor the United Nations and for oul
own Government and people. If it i
USED against us it is clear that we
must reach out far to sea to pre.
vent It from reaching its target
Pending further knowledge and ex.
perience, those charged with the
protection of our country have the
duty OF maintaining adequate ma
val, air and ground forces for the
security of our people and the peace
Of the world. The present organiza-
tion for maintaining these forces
Evening star., 1945-11-17

DSPCAuCht Uu SHlp6.
1t Is pertinent to note that all
a1rplanes in the Pacific war were
In effect dependent on the support
OF ships. Ships enabled them to
get within flight range of the enemy
and to operate after they got there.
Only a few types of planes-the
biggest-got from the Continental
United States to the air bases from
which they finally struck the enemy,
without being carried by ships over
one or more stages of their journey.
And there was not one of them, biz
or little, that could have operated
for day without the tremendous
aggregation of shipping which kept
up the flow Of fuel, munitions, per-
sonnel, replacements, spare parts
and materials of all kinds which
they needed. Furthermore, the air
bases in themselves were in effect
Ship-carried. In no case were ade-
quate airflelds found on the island
bases we occupied and successfully
utilized. Construction battalions,
whether Navy. Army Engineer, or
Marine, with their extensive equip
ment Of bulldozers, carry-alls; steam
shovels, hod to be brought in for
the rapid clearing and building OF
the fields and the erection OF the
Necessary operating structures.
Ground Crew Support.
For every man who took on In
Actual flight there were 10 to 20
in ground crews and supporting
Evening star., 1945-11-17

of atomic energy. How mucn OF
the program announced in Thurs
days communique was his work and
how much was the work of Presl-
dent Truman and the Canadian
Prime Minister, has not been told,
but all three put their names to it
and it must be assumed that all
three were in full agreement when
they did so.
Fear May Diminish.
If the agreement is carried out
in the spirit of its language the
fears of the world, which had con-
tinued to grow week by week since
the release of the first atomic bomb,
may begin to diminish. For the
representatives of the three govern
ments that now possess the scienti-
fic secret and technical know-how
of the use of the new, devastating
force, have offered all nations-all
of the United Nations, that is to
say-reasonable terms for universal
sharing of their knowledge. The
best thinking from the beginning
l1d0 SUlCSSCu IilC llCJCoollS 4Ol Ill
ternational participation in the re-
sponsibility this knowledge entails.
AS for the gratitude Premier
Attlee should feel toward the Ameri-
can people, that grows out of the
reception given tentative proposal
put forward in his name the eve
ming of his arrival. This was pro-
10 ,onrp17if PIIcSin tn cIorn in
the secret only after Great Britain,
Canada and the United States had
become satisfied concerning all of
Russia's territorial and economic
aims In other words the atomic
secret was to be used as either a
bribe or a threat so far as this one
Ally was concerned. The PROPOSE
ton was as bald as that.
The American reaction to this
suggestion was an emphatic mega
tive.
Amateurs in international diplo-
macy though we may be, and some
times prove ourselves to be, we rec
ognized that this was not the man
ner in which to approach a nation
presumed to be friendly. Certainly
not the way to approach an admit
tedly strong power. 1t would have
eXacted conditions that no self
respecting nation could accept. 1t
would have virtually invited Russia
to start diplomatic stalling in earn
est while pursuing frenzied search
for what remains of the secret and
developing her own facilities for the
manufacture and use of the bomb
Agent of Cohesion.
Whether due to public reaction in
America or to the persuasive powers
of the President, or however it came
about, the plan agreed on and an
nounced is far different from the
blunt and offensive proposal at
tributed to the British, as you will
already have learned by reading it.
1t places the problem in the hands
of the United Nations Organization
where it belongs. More than that,
the problem is made an agent of
cohesion within the United Nations,
a means of pulling peaceably-in-
clined nations together instead of
driving them apart.
This, at least, is my reading of
the three-poWer communique. Of
course, language Is always subject
to different interpretations and, of
Evening star., 1945-11-17

y -
add certain points and amplify
others.
When I appeared before the Rich
ardson Committee, my opinion on
the merger of the departments was
influenced by my opinion on another
matter. I inclined then to the view
that the Joint Chiefs of Staff organ
ization as we had it during the war
could be improved by making one
man responsible for decisions as the
commander of the armed forces of
the United States because decisions
might be more speedily reached. This
opinion also is one that am now in
clined to modify. The Joint Chiefs
of Staff conducted the war with
great wisdom as is evidence by the
successes of the past year.
Looking back over the war I am
impressed as much by the sound
ness of the decisions that were
made at the top as by the success
with which our forces in my own
and other areas put these decisions
into effect. Unity of command and
swiftness of decision are more nec-
essary in the direct conduct OF oper-
ations than in the planning at the
top. At that level, where almost
every decision must take into ac-
count the wide range of factors in
cluding those OF national policy, de-
liberation is perhaps as important
| if not more important, than speed
It may be aggravating at times. and
| it may seem inefficient. but 7 do not
now believe that the alternative OF
one-man decisions would work as
we'll in the long run. For an ex-
ample OF how they did not work too
well we may recall Germany's ex-
lperience in the war just ended. It
would not be easy to find in the
military services q single commands
| er qualified to hold and exercise
such power. If such power were con-
lferred upon single military COM
Evening star., 1945-11-17
West Pointers Were Pioneers

West Point men built the first
two locomotives produced in this
country, surveyed and constructed
all of the transcontinental railways
as well as the important branch
lines, made the first coastal and
geodetic surveys, and explored and
mapped the trails for Western nil
grationS.
Evening star., 1945-11-17

ana, ne nlfn-
self, I believe,
can be grateful
to the American
people for some
thing he learned
while here.
The peoples
gratitude is due
the head of the
British govern
ment for help
ing to evolve a
broad . minded,
far-seeing pro-
gram for inter-
national control
and utilization
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Answers to
Questions

reader can get the answer to any
ington Star Information Bureau, 316
/ street NE, Washington 2. D. C.
Please inclose 3 cents for return
postage
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Bp LotoeII MeHeff

The Prime Minister of Great Brit
ain can return home, I believe,
carrying the gratitude of the Ameri-
can people for having made his visit.
Evening star., 1945-11-17

lied is essentially sound. The Navy
Department organization has
changed internally from time to time
as circumstances required, but it has
remained Navy Department, and
with progressive improvement has
successfully met the test of war for
almost $50 years.
Single Department History.
Our founding fathers, in framing
our Constitution and setting up our
democratic form of government,
made provisions for single depart
nent which included both functions
usually performed by the Army and
those usually performed by the
Navy. In 1913. however, these same
men, faced with external problems
and the prospect of a naval war with
France, removed from the War De-
partment all the naval functions and
set up a separate Navy Department
to carry out the duties with which
we are familiar. Since then the
Navy has completely and success
fully fulfilled its function in all the
wars in which America has en-
gagged.
Always Had Command Unity.
Consolidation Of the administra-
ton OF the War and Navy Depart
ments into single department
should not be confused with the
concept of unity of command" OF
fighting forces in q theater OF
operations. We have always had
unity Of command in war from the
beginning Of our country,s history
The echo., 1945-09-14
TENTATIVE
.1uIplsaLd

'Su!p!sa1d
The following presidents have sent
the following claimants to the Office
and said claimants are scheduled to be
paid off in the September Board.
1. Mack McInnis, No. APO. F. s.
Posey President, Collins.
?. Minnie Rogers. No. 4, Rev. r.
W. Radclif, President, Toomsuba.
3. Lula V. Young, No. /, H. D. Nc
Shan, President, Meridian.
4. Jim Hampton, No. $50, s am
Thomas, President, Macon.
5. Carson Jackson. No. 1876, W. T.
Tate, President, BrooksyiIIe.
6. John Miller, No. 800. Mrs. An
ME Mcmillan, President, Hickory.
T. jamie Campbell. Ne. 27o, A. J..
Barnett President, Hattiesburg.
8. Nora Smith, No. 4S1. A. j. Bar
nett, President Hattiesburg.
9. Henry Steele, No. lib. Fl. G.
Jennings, President, DeKaIb.
10. Scott Thigpen, No. 233. Charlie
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Three Plead Not Guilty
In Records Removal Case

from Yesterdays Last Edition.
A naval intelligence officer, q
State Department employe and q
New York magazine editor. who
were indicted August 10 on charge
Of conspiracy to unlawfully remove
Government records and files
pleaded not guilty this afternoon
when arraigned before District
Court Justice Henry A. Schwein-
haut. Bond was set at $2,500 each
Acting on a request Of defense
attorneys, Justice Schweinhaut gave
the trio 80 days in which to file
motions.
The three men are Emmanuel
Sigurd Larsen, a specialist in the
China division of the ONCE of Far
Eastern affairs, State Department,
who lives in the 1000 block of Har-
ward street NV. and is now on
leave.
1t. Andrew Roth. formerly on ac-
tive duty In the Office of Naval In
telligence. Navy Department.
Philip Jacob Jaffe, New York, edi-
tor of Amerasia magazine, which
specializes in articles dealing with
Oriental political affairs.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Citizens Thank
Capital Transit
For Good Service

Representative Randolph, Demo-
crat, Of West Virginia isn't the only
straphanger who thinks streetcars
and buses did a good job during the
war.
E. D. Merrill. president Of the
Capital Transit Co., Is in receipt of a
letter from Bernard T. Dodder, pres
ident of the Burroughs Citizens As
sociation, which concurs with a
statement of praise for the COM
pany recently written into the Con-
gressional Record by Mr.. Randolph.
I'VE write to thank you for the
fine service given the Woodbridge
area during the war period" Mr.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Several Hundred Seaman
Reported Still Held by Japs

Several hundred merchant sea-
men were reported today by the
United Seamen Service to be held
as prisoners by the Japanese.
Herbert L. Willett, jr, executive
director Of the District Community
War Fund.- said he had received
this information from headquarters
Of the United Seaman Service in
New York.
A spokesman for the Maritime
Commission said that it had no in
formation as to the number and
identities of the American seamen
repeatedly held by the Japs, but
that representative of the War
Shipping Board now in the Pacific
would land in Japan to care for any
merchant seamen found among the
prisoners.