davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-20
|Nuzis Ambush Publishers Son:
News Held Up Until Buby's Birth

Of four men were ambushed 2 miles
in front of American infantry lines
during the 18th Airborne Divisions s
drive on Muenster, capital of the
German province of Westphalia.
Only one of the party, Pfc. Earl
Holcomb, of Fola, w. Va, escaped
To give an account of the ambush.
The young officer was promoted
to first lieutenant in December just
before the German break-through
which led to the battle Of the Ar
dennes bulge. During that battle
he was awarded the Bronze Star for
heroic and meritorious service"
1t. Knight was commissioned a
second lieutenant following gradua-
ton from Culver Military Academy
in June, 1872 He was first assigned
to a field artillery unit and sta
toned at Fort Bragg, N. c. In
March, 1943, he volunteered for the
paratroops and was transferred to
Fort Benning. He trained as q liai-
son pilot at Fort Sill, Okla, and
also was stationed at Camp Mackall,
N. C.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
MoIotov Is Awaited
For Foreign Chiefs
Par|eys on Poland
San Francisco Invitation
For. Present Regime
Again Refused by U. S.
By GARRETT D. HORNER.

A deadlocked dispute over
Polish representation at the
United Nations Security Confer
ence, opening in San Francisco
Wednesday, confronted the Big
Three foreign ministers today.
The United States was standing
firm against renewed Russian in
sistence that the Communications
mated Polish provisional government
in Warsaw be invited to the confer
ence and it appeared that a project
ed new national unity" government
could not be formed in time.
This tension issue was at the
top Of the agenda of preconfer-
ence meeting of the Big Three for
eign ministers here, which awaited
only the arrival of Soviet Foreign
Commissar v. M. Molotov, expected
late today or tomorrow.
Officials Not Worried.
While officials did not appear to
be worried that the impasse would
be permitted to interfere with sue
cess of the San Francisco meeting
to set up world security organiza-
ton, intensive efforts to reach an
understanding that would clear up
the threat to Big Three harmony
were expected in the discussions
here between Secretary of State
tSee SECURITY, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-04-20
REDS ONLY 7 MILES FROM BERLIN NAzIS SAY
Controller Asks:
Wholesale Cuts
In U. 5. Agencies
Use of 'Bush-Ax
Or Meat CIeuver'
Urged by Warren
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Wholesale amputation of Cow
ernment agencies with "a BUSH
ak or a meat cleaver" was recon-
mended today by Controller Gen.
eral Lindsay c. Warren.
Testifying before Senate Bank
ing and Currency Subcommittee in
favor of a bill to bring all Govern
ment corporations under the finan-
cial control of Congress, Mr.. Warren
said:
"If the present trend of creating
Government corporations continues
or is not curbed, we will soon have
Government by Government corpo-
rations."
101 Government Corporations.
Asserting there now are 101 Gov
ernment corporations, Mr.. Warren
said:
They are largely independent o.
congressional control and free from
accountability to the Executive. This
thing we call Government has
reached gargantuan proportions and
is sprawled all over the lot. =
1T has become greater than Con-
gress, its creator, and at times
arrogantly snaps its fingers in the
face of Congress.
The most necessary thing I know
of today along governmental lines
is a thoroughgoing reorganization
of the executive branch of Govern
ment. 1t should be done scien-
tifically.
But once the decision is made.
then bush-ax or a meat cleaver
should be used
Sees "Yelps and Snarls."
The only way to reorganize is
to reorganize," Mr.. Warren said
with emphasis. TT calls for great
courage. Duplication and overlap
ping are widely prevelant. Untold
millions could be saved and effi-
cheney created to high degree"
+ 'Of course he added, there
would be loud yelps and snarls-
that is always true when powers
are curbed, consultations made or
appropriations reduced or discon-
tip,1e6
Evening star., 1945-04-20
MAP on Page A-3.)
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARIS, April 20-Americans
of the 7th Army today fought for
the kill in the heart of Nuern-
berg after crashing through the
old walls surrounding the
trapped Nazis, and British tanks
struck to within mile of the
suburbs of Hamburg.
The French lst Army stabbed so
miles southeast of Strasbourg to
Rottweil, IA miles from the Danube
and 80 miles from Lake Constance,
western limit of the Nazi national
redoubt in Southern Germany. The
Poilus were Is miles north of Switz-
erland.
The whole Allied right flank, in
cluding the French and the Amer
lean 7th and Sd Armies, was clamp
ing down on the mountainous Nazi
lair.
Stuttgart-like Nuremberg a Nazi
pilgrimage city-was inclosed on
three sides.
Reutlinger Captured.
American and French troops mov-
ing in a wide circle around Stutt-
gart captured Reutlinger (35,00O, 1s
miles to the south.
Third Army elements inside
Czechoslovakia, within miles of
Asch, were about SIS miles from
surging Russian lines and gravely
threatening the last important Ger
man arsenal in the Pilsen-Prague
region, IS to 81 miles distant.
The decision Is very near" said
Hitler's propaganda chief, Paul
Joseph Goebbels.
In happier years, Hitler would
have spoken to the Nazi faithful in
Nuremberg on this, his Seth birth
day. The Americans, however, had
captured the vast stadium where
he used to rouse 100000 listeners,
and were beating down south of
Nuremberg within 10 miles of
Munich and l32 miles of Hitler
mountain home at Berchtesgaden.
Many Cities Ablaze.
Moreover, many OF the 18 major
cities of Germany which Hitler still
rules were ablaze like candles in
the grimmest birthday that Hitler
ever has spent. Halle population,
220, ,362) fell yesterday and it was
the 40th German city of more than
100 600 already captured.
For all practical purposes, organ
lied German resistance on a we'll
defined front had ceased and the
war had become a battle of pockets.
The main weight of Gen. Eisen-
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Heavy U. 5. Assault,
Aided by Artillery,
Pressed on 0kinawa
) Divisions Hommerina
At FiereeIy Defended
Positions Before Nuhu
Ey the Associated Press.

GUAM, April 20.-A powerful
American offensive, supported by
terrific naval and artillery she'll
ing, was under way in full fury
today against elaborate japanese
defenses across Southern Oki-
naWa.
Three divisions - possibly $4,000
troops-Were hammering fiercely
defended enemy positions along a
4-mile battle front before the capi-
tai city of Naha.
Breaking 13-day virtual dead
lock in the south, Yarlks of the 7th,
9th and 96th Army Divisions
launched their all-out push early
yesterday and by noon had scored
gains of 500 to 800 yards on both
flanks. The advance was slowed in
the center.
The 10th Army's big push pitted
the greatest American offensive
force ever employed against a single
sector in the Pacific war against the
best defended japanese line so far
encountered.
Japs Fight Viciously.
The japanese were fighting back
viciously from interlocking trench
and pillboX systems, blockhouseS,
caves and other extensive dug-in
positions typical of japanese war
fare. The extremely rough terrain
was we'll suited for defensive tao
tics
Admiral Chester w Nimitz's COM
munique today said the offensive
followed "one of the largest bonn
bardments ever made in support of
amphibious troops"
Hours before the big drive started.
battleships, cruisers and other fleet
units, Marine and Army artillery
and rocket-firing Marine planes
poured thousands of tons of shells
and bombs into the enemy's deep
line of defenses.
Despite the concentration of
American power, field officers ac-
knowledged it would be tough and
slow job to knock out enemy strong
points and smash segments of the
fortified line. They looked for no
immediate break through or swift
advance.
Village Captured.
First gains included capture of
Machinato village on the west coast.
The bulk of Japanese Okinawa
garrison once estimated at more
than 10000 troops likely has been
committed to the defense of the
southern sector. Naha, with a pop
ulation of $4,000, is miles from the
fighting front. The nearby Naha
Airdrome is the largest in the
Ryukyu chain.
These Japanese troops must stand
and fight it out in defense of the
important island only 325 miles
south of Japan proper. American
control of Okinawa's waters and
skies precludes any possibility of
escape or reinforcement.
Tokyo radio said 40 or so Ameri-
can tanks were knocked out and set
ICao 0KTN Douo A10l
Evening star., 1945-04-20

hurled south against the national
redoubt in the Bavarian Alps and
north against another redoubt in
closing the North German ports
Berlin and Denmark.
Gen. Omar Bradley's American
18th Army group was halted volun-
tarily on the line of the Elbe and
Mulde Rivers, but the 9Th Army
group of Gen. Jacob L. Devers was
pushing forward in the south and
the 21st Army group of Field Mar
shall Montgomery was besieging OF
imperiling all the North Sea ports
The siege of Bremen (342 ,306) was
intensified from three sides. The
British were mile from Harburg
(118,190, west of the Elbe and q
southern suburb of Hamburg Il
682 200, greatest port on the con-
tinent and second city of Germany
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Tokyo Radio Denies
Manila Atrocities

Ey the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 20.-The Tokyo
radio today quoted Sadao Iguchi,
Government Information Bureau
spokesman, as denying Allied
charges of Japanese atrocities in
Manila.
Iguchi dismissed the charges as
"an American propaganda CAM
paign"-ignoring the fact that Spain
has broken relations with Japan in
protest against attacks on Spanish
civilians in the Philippines.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Moreenthau Denies
Breton Plan Makes
u. ). Santa 10 World
Tells Senators We Will
Only Do Our Share;
Clayton Heard on Tariff
BY J. A. O'LEARY.

Secretary of the Treasury Nor
genthau denied before a Senate
subcommittee today that the
United States will play the role
of Santa Claus under the Breton
Woods agreement to stabilize
world currencies after the war.
The Secretary said he will act as the
good samaritan to help other dem
ocratic nations in maintaining pros
perity and peace, but said the United
States will only do its share. He
warned that IF we fail in this, IL
will be a black day, because it. will
mean the United States will not as
sumo its position of financial and
moral leadership"
Secretary Morgenthau was testi-
flying before the Senate group as to
how small business" may participate
in expanded world trade.
Meanwhile. Assistant Secretary of
State Clayton continued to argue be-
fore the House Ways and Means
Committee for wider discretion to
reduce tariff barriers in postwar
trade agreements.
Banking Opposition Cited.
Senator Aiken, Republican, of
Vermont told Mr.. Morgenthau that
vigorous campaign to defeat the
Breton Woods proposals is being
sponsored by New York interna-
tional banking houses and asked if
their opposition was justified.
The Secretary denied that the
proposed international bank and
stabilization fund would impair the
earnings of private banks and pre-
dicted their earnings would go up.
The United States, more than
most countries, must carry on a
large volume of foreign trade after
the war to assure full use of its
manpower and productive facili-
ties, Mr.. Morgenthau said.
Mr.. Morgenthau said all of the A
nations which joined in the Bret
ton Woods conference recognized
that a large volume of foreign
trade is essential to the realization
of the United Nations hopes for a
prosperous and peaceful world"
He said that sudden changes In
the currency value of various coun-
tries had been one reason why small
mn
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Drains on Pay Of Congressman
Cited in Plea for Salary Boost

OF his income Of $4,000. Such items
as tickets for bazaars, dances, card
parties and similar charitable out
lays nick from Is to IS per cent
off their pay checks, he estimated.
Mr Coffee also urged that allow
ances be made for long distance
calls which the Congressman him.
self must now pay for. If a con-
stituent calls collect, Mr.. Coffee
said, and the legislator tries to ex-
plain that he doesn't get any al
lowance to pay for the call, the per-
son at the other end of the line
thinks you're either niggardly or
a liar
Although Congressman have an
almost unlimited franking privilege
for domestic mail, they have to buy
their own postage stamps for letters
sent to foreign countries, Mr.. Coffee
pointed out. He said the Govern
ment ought to take care of this.
Most members age more rapidly
than their years because they work
too hard and don't get enough rest,
(See CONGRESS Page A-l21
Evening star., 1945-04-20
s,14Men Die
In Transport Crash
Ry the Associated Press.

ES the Associated Press.
SWEETWATER, Tex, April 90
Twenty officers and men were
killed when an Army transport
plane, headed from Midland CTex.)
Army Airfield to Paterson, N. j.
crashed and burned miles south
east of Sweetwater today.
Eleven officers and IA enlisted
men lost their lives. The Midland
field reported at least eight combat
officers returned from overseas were
among the victims. Names were
temporarily withheld.
Col. Harry Weddington, COM
manding officer of both Avenger
Field, Sweetwater, and Abilene ARMY
Airf1eld, said the watches of the
men were stopped at $40 am.
Wreckage was scattered over an
area Of square mile.
Capt. Edwin Schumacher. Aven-
ger Field medical ofncer, one of the
first to arrive at the scene, said:
Bodies were all over the place. It
was terrible"
The ship, twin-engined CAT.
took OF from Midland at sos am
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Nuzi Punzer General
Captured in Ruhr
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
UNITED STATES 9Th ARMY ON
THE ELBE, Germany, April 20
Col. Gen. Joseph Harte, commander
OF the German 5th Panzer Army,
has been captured in the Ruhr while
trying to slip through American
lines. the 9th Army announced late
today.
The commander of the lost army
was taken by the Eagles Claw
9th Air-borne) Division, COM
manded by Maj. Gen. william M.
Miley.
The 5th Panzer and German 18th
Armies were utterly destroyed in
the 1yreat Ruhr trap which was
stamped out Wednesday.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Senate Approves Franking
Privilege for Mrs. Roosevelt

The Senate today unanimously
passed a bill giving Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt the free mailing privilege,
custom followed In the case of
widows of other Presidents.
Senate Majority Leader Barley
who offered the bill, explained it is
identical with the franking privilege
granted to the widows of Woodrow
Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Will
liam Howard Taft and Calvin
Coolidge. Republican Leader White
joined in urging immediate passage.
The bill still requires House action.
President Truman had urged that
the franking privilege be extended
to Mrs. Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Acute Problems Force Allies
To Expand Occupation Plans
Much Larger Staff Than Anticipated
Will Be Needed for Administration

ism and brutality are bearing 8
cancerous fruit which can NEAR
nothing but years of trouble ahead
No one knows this better thar
Hitler, and he has the organization
ready to help make the trouble-the
newly-formed wereWolves.
Zone reason why larger army
of occupation may be needed is
suggested by statement made
yesterday by Gen. Omar N. Brad
ley, 18th Army group COM
mander.
I'm my opinion" he said,
when he (the enemy did not
quit last fall, after We had proved
to him he was licked, it was clear
(See OCCUPATION, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1945-04-20
President Pardons
Shapiro, Dismissed
From Army in 1943
Officer Defending Soldier
Substituted Another for
Defendant at Trial
BULLETIN.

The War Department an
nounced this afternoon that
President Truman, on the
recommendation of the de-
partment, has directed that a
full and unconditional pardon
be granted Sidney Shapiro,
former second lieutenant, who
was sentenced to dismissal
from the service following a
general court-martial.
President Truman will issue q
pardon soon restoring full rights
to Sidney Shapiro of Bridgeport
Conn.,, court-martialed Army
officer, The Star learned today
A full statement is expected tc
be issued with the pardon, point
ing out that the Presidents &C
ton wipes the slate clean for
Mr.. Shapiro.
His courtmartial has been severe
ly criticized because of the sum-
mary manner in which it was car
ried out.
The War Department began al
investigation of the case after the
facts pertaining to his improper
conviction had been brought to Off.
cial attention through a series o.
editorials in The Star.
Assigned to Defend Soldier.
In September, l943, Mr.. Shapiro
then lieutenant in the Army All
Forces stationed at Grand Island
Nebr., was assigned to defend ar
enlisted man charged with assault
with intent to commit criminal as.
sault.
1t. Shapiro doubted the guilt o1
the defendant as the case turned
on a question of identification.
1t. Shapiro substituted another
soldier for the defendant at the
trial and after the witnesses hac
identified the other soldier as tht
man guilty of the charges, pro.
duced the real defendant. However
that did not end the case. A few
days later the defendant again wa!
brought to trial, identified by the
same witnesses, convicted anc
sentenced to five years.
The Army then proceeded against
(See SHAPIRO Pace AL
Evening star., 1945-04-20
HitIer's Whereabouts
Mystery as Birthday
Goes By Quietly
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 20.-Adolf
Hitler reached his 56th BIRTH
day today without the fanfare
of past years. Where Hitler
was and what he was doing
was mystery.
The few newspapers still
publishing in the Reich carried
long accounts, saying Germany
gained wealth and power under
Hitler and Naziism.
This rise was possible in a
world of peace until Roosevelt's
agitations put a stop to all this
and brought us into our present
position" the German news
agency DNB said.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Third Week Ends
Without V-Bombs
By the Associated Press.

BY the ASSoclated Press.
LONDON, April 20.-Britain today
completed its third week Of freedom
from enemy air or V-weapon
attack.
The German V-bomb war fell fiat
after Allied air attacks cut rail-
ways into Holland and Canadian
troops since then have overrun one
launching site after another.
= BritainS civilian casualties for the
war are 60,585 dead or missing and
81, ITS injured 50 severely as to re-
quire disqualification, Homo Secre-
tary Herbert Morrison announced.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
By IVES GALLAGHER,
Associated Press War CORRESPONDENT.

MAGDEBURG, April 2O.-A fal
greater army of occupation may
be necessary in Germany than
was planned originally, in view
of the problems experienced to
date.
Even with the vast number OF
Allied troops now in Germany, the
job of administering the territory
already overrun is proving much
more difficult than anticipated.
Germany now is fostering sore
in the heart of Europe. housing a
mass of misery unheard of in mod
ern history Twelve years of Nazi-
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Truman Signs Bill
To Pay Man, 80, for
Work Done in 1878
Ey the Associated Press

Ey the Associated Press.
Charles Dougherty. sr.. is
going to get that $135.62 Uncle
Sam has owed him for 81 years.
President Truman has signed
a bill authorizing the payment.
It's for overtime work Mr..
Dougherty, now SO, performed
at the Brooklyn Navy Yard
back in '78. Mr.. Dougherty
lives at Ozone Park, N. Y.
Evening star., 1945-04-20

Four additional men from
the District area haze been re-
ported killed in this Uar. See
ION the Honor Roll," Page Az.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
Citys Outer Defenses Breached;
Yanks in Center Of Nuernberq
Germans Usino
Reserve Troops
In Big Bottle
BULLETIN,

BULLETIN.
LONDON (R.-The German
news agency DNB reported to-
night that Russian forces had
reached the town of Hangels-
berg, 7 miles east of Berlin.
Evening star., 1945-04-20
British Tanks
Within Mile of
Hamburg Suburb
BULLETIN.

STOCKHOLM (P.-The TO-
000- ton German cruiser Prinz
Eugen, with an escort of six
destroyers and a number of
submarines, arrived at the
Danish port of Copenhagen
early today. At least 26 other
units of the German fleet fol-
lowed her in two hours later.
Evening star., 1945-04-20

CONTINUED on Page A, Column
Evening star., 1945-04-20

(See TRADE, Page Al.
Evening star., 1945-04-20

fSee SHAPIRO, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1945-04-20

(See OKINAWA, Page A-12.)
Evening star., 1945-04-20

(see WESTERN FRONT, Page A-s)
Evening star., 1945-04-20

Occasional light rain this afternoon
and tonight; fair, mild tomorrow.
Temperatures today-High, So, at 1880
pm; low, 48. at 4:50 am. Yesterday
High. 81, at $50 pm; low, AZ, at
$40 am.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-14
Mexicali Valley
Water Needs
Reach Maximum

The farmers of the Mexicali VAL
ley are now receiving major deliver
les of water through the All-Am-
erican canal to relieve their current
irrigation emergency, it was reveal
ed Thursday at executive head
quarters of Imperial Irrigation Dis
trict.
Improved conditions which made
a larger flow of water available for
Mexican users, were due largely to
the fact that two of the three desilt-
ing basins at Imperial Dam have
been placed in operation, which
made it possible to increase the di-
version flow without danger to the
ll-American canal. The District
had insisted upon adequate repairs
before increasing the flow into the
Alamo canal.
A limited head of water was turn
ed in June and Slight increases
in flow were made from that date
until maximum flow of $3.50 Sec
ond feet has been reached at Pilot
Nnob wasteway for diversion to
Mexico.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-14
CattIemerl Study
Cross-Bred Stock

Twenty cattlemen this week
studied Harold Hunts experiments
in developing beef cattle adapted
to summer weather conditions In
Imperial Valley.
In one group were pure bred Here
ford calves born in the valley from
valley bred cows. The calves were
in poor condition, Farm Advisor
George Winright said.
Another lot was composed OF
purebred Shorthorns bern of COWS
shipped into the valley in March.
These calves, born in March and
April we're in good condition, ne
said.
The cross-bred Hereford-Brah-
man calves were in good condition
as we're the high grade Brahman
calves.
Next year we expect the Shcrt-
horns to start falling and the weight
to go down, Winright said 1T
was Interesting to see the cross bred
Holstein Hereford calves. They
we're exceptionally healthy. The
dairy blood apparently is able TO
stand hot weather en- the desert.
At present some of the farmers
are of the opinion that a type one
quarter Brahman and three quar-
ters Hereford may be the answer
to the problem.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-14
By Congressman John Phillips

rTT4
The eyes Of the world rest on two
widely separated places. If this gives
You the impression Of a wall-eyed
world, you can take it or leave it..
one OF the places is San Francisco,
where SO nations are gathered to
demonstrate that Russia intends to
90 as she pleases. The other place is
Washington where at the moment
the congress is completely lost in
the woods-Bretton Woods.
We are in passing period of
emotionalism. The senate held hear
ings and debated for three months
on water agreement with Mexico,
adverse to the interests of the west
ern states. 1t could not have passed
had it not been for the constant
repetition that opposition verged on
heresy, with the San Francisco con-
ference in prospect and the Chapul-
tepec one going on. We must give
away our water rights, or be brand
ed as opposed to international peace.
TRADE AGREEMENTS
Next in order was the resolution
to continue the reciprocal trade
agreements" I think they are not