davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-26
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The Senate, last Monday, adopted a
resolution appointing committee to
study the development. use and control
of atomic energy, after three hours of
debate as to whether the committee
should have nine members or eighteen,
whereupon they compromised on eleven.
Whatever the number Of the COM
mittee, they will get nowhere If they
compromise on the atomic bomb. They
will get nowhere unless they start with
the acceptance of five fundamental
propositions:
Proposition I. The secret of atomic
disintegration by the fission of uranium
Is but merely an engineering PROPOSE
ton and will be available within six
months to fifteen years to all nations
with able physicists, modern industry
and access to uranium ore, which
means all vast countries and small
countries which might look to great
states for their protection or yield to
them from fear-notably Czechoslovakia
and Belgium.
be used for no good purposes whatso-
ever; it cannot be controlled; it cannot
be an instrument Of peace: it cannot
be weapon Of defense; 1t is, by its
nature, weapon of aggression; and
its continued existence will give the
advantage to (a) totalitarian govern
ments which can make blitz attacks
without vote Of the representatives of
the people; tb) totalitarian states which
can shroud themselves in secrecy by
rigid internal police controls, prohibi-
ton OF free speech, press and science,
and prohibition of free movement with
in their territories; and, (c) states of
vast area, widely dispersed industries,
and immense populations.
Proposition III. The atomic bomb, as
an instrument of war, could instantly
destroy without possibility of retaliation
all states Of small congested area such
as Holland, Belgium, Great Britain and
probably France, and set adrift all en-
pires whose central organs are in such
areas, such as the British and the
Dutch. In the long run, therefore,
atomic warfare favors the Orient
and despotism against democracy.
Proposition Nv. The atomic bomb, by
passing all advantages to the aggressors.
is terror instrument of unlimited DO
Htical blackmail in the hands of any
government that wishes so to use it.
Its possession by despotically controlled
governments, able to launch it without
restraints imposed by public opinion,
will inevitably lead to step-by-step in
direct aggressions performed without its
Evening star., 1945-10-26

The current campaign for Mayor of
new York Is a strange one. When the
mayor decided not to run, the Republi-
can party, at the suggestion of Cover
nor Dewey, nominated a Democrat.
Judge Jonah j. Goldstein. The right
wing OF the labor group, now called
the Liberal party. Endorsed him. The
lett wing OF labor. the American Labor
party, tratled along with the Demo-
cratic nominee, William O'Dwyer. for
merly district attorney in Kings
County.
At this point the unpredictable Mr.
La Guardia decided that he would put
another candidate in the field, His
choice was Newbold Morris president
Of the council. About all that seems
to qualify Mr.. Morris is the La Guarciia
support. Yet 1t is enough to make Ger
tain the election of Mr.. O'Dwyer, sup
ported by Tammany.
So the trait so common among re-
formers appears again-the lack Of
ability to agree.
The campaign is not exciting. Count
less Republicans failed to register. The
scarlet past of Tammany is all but
forgotten, since the Tiger has been out
OF power for IL years. Charges by
Judge Goldstein of Tammany connec-
tions with the underworld produce no
interest.
The most conservative guesses are
that Mr.. ODwyer viii get more votes
than both of his opponents.
Mr.. La Guardia, despite his occa-
sional violent outbursts and capricious
political allegiances, has given the city
good administration. But good gov
ernment Is something for which New
York City has only limited and very
dainty taste. Mr.. ODwyer seems to
be one of New York democracy's better
products. And he will. II history re-
peats itself, keep out the worst prac-
tices Of pre-La Guardia days for some
time. But again, If history repeats
itself, the old order will ultimately
come back. And then there win be re-
form again, and after reform the re-
turn Of organized politics. 50 runs the
world Ia New York.
tHelsAssd ~ ths Assoeiatsd Nsxspapsss.l s.
Evening star., 1945-10-26
!. This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Nation to the new international organ
ization. But other nations, and particu-
larly Russia, are still thinking In terms
of personal security. That is to say,
they are willing to accept on paper the
lofty ideals OF the international char
ter as q token of geod will toward inter-
national cooperation. But they have
made it clear that they consider inter-
national security as "signpoSt" only.
Russia, In particular, believes that her
security depends on the extended 1ron-
tier, which she has obtained either
through outright annexations or through
the creation of friendly" governments
representing the will of the Kremlin
rather than of their own people.
1t Is this theological gulf which
arouses so much concern among our
policy trainers.
In off-the-record conversations, most
policy frSmers who only two months ago
were bubbling over with confidence in
the workability Of the UNO, will admit
that they do not know what the future
has in store.
At present, the relations between the
western nations and Russia, together
with the group she has created around
her borders, are not satisfactory. The
requests of American, British and
French governments to permit nations
in Eastern Europe and the Balkans to
60 to the polls In western democratic
sense are being ignored by the Russian
military commanders who on orders
from Moscow are deciding through their
local puppets how the elections shall be
run.
But more serious and direct conflict
OF interests is in prospect in the Far
East.
Preliminary negotiations for the
formal opening of the UNO sessions are
proceeding haltingly in London. Soviet
Ambassador Andrei Gromyko who is
speaking for his government. is raising
all kinds of procedural difficulties, while
negotiations shrouded in the utmost
secrecy are taking place between Wash
ington and Moscow in regard to the Far
Eastern situation.
There is a feeling among some of the
highest placed officials here that the
Russian government has intimated that
unless the Kremlins views on Japan are
accepted, there might be one or more
vacant chairs when the United Nations
Organization holds its first official meet
ing. These would be the chairs of the
U. s. S. r., White Russia, the Ukraine
and possibly Yugoslavia and Poland.
Evening star., 1945-10-26

techniques in the relatively near fu-
ture. But beyond that the experts
are in disagreement. very large
number of them objecting to the
May-Johnson bill on the ground that
it would set up commission "dicta-
torship" over what has heretofore
been the free realm of science, and
on the additional ground that its
secrecy" provisions would tend to
stir up international fears that could
lead only to a desperate world race
in the production of this most ter
rible of weapons.
There is a great deal to be said
for this point of view, but in fair
ness to those who have been advo-
eating the May-Johnson bill, it must
be remembered that atomic-energy
control-on both the domestic and
international fronts-raises a prob
lem of unprecedented gravity and
complexity and that the drastic leg
islation needed to meet it, as the
President has said, cannot follow our
usual concepts or be considered in
the framework of old ideas. In the
international field, for example,
there are no simple answers. Ac-
cording to DR.. Harold c. Urey, one
of the key developers of the bomb,
"the only way out" is to set up "a
superior world government of some
kind" under which no nation would
be permitted to manufacture the
weapon and which would open'every
country to constant inspection. But
this is more easily said than done,
and in any event, should war de-
velop, nation knowing how to use
the atom for domestic purposes could
readily convert to making the bomb,
irrespective of international peace
time rules.
Looked at in any light, writing
legislation in this field thus runs up
against questions of the most diff
cult sort. Yet. If the May-Johnson
bill is to be recast or discarded al
together-and there certainly are
strong arguments against it in its
present form-some interim con-
gressional action would seem to be
essential to provide for such things
as the acquisition OF ores and the
maintenance of the scientific organ
ization of the wartime Manhattan
Project. With this taken care Of,
the new 11-man Senate committee
on the atom would be in a position,
along with similar committee in
the House, to shape long-term policy
without undue haste and with all
the searching consideration and
good judgment called for by this
most portentous of the worlds prob
lens.
Evening star., 1945-10-26
The Atom and Legislation

Such is the nature Of atomic en-
ergy that no sensible person will
dispute the fact that its future ma
tional and international develop
ment must be made subject to strong
governmental control. Exactly what
form that control should take, how
ever. is highly debatable. The pro-
posed May johnson bill, which is
advocated by the War Department
and which Incorporates President
Truman's recent recommendations,
has stirred up a reaction showing
only too clearly that expert opinion
is sharply divided on methods.
The scientists. for instance, seem
to be unanimous on only one point
namely, that the secret" of the
atomic bomb is secret only in the
sense of industrial techniques and
that every major nation will almost
certainly be able to develop those
Evening star., 1945-10-26
Good Propaganda

As a general rule the propaganda
activities Of Government agencies
merit very careful scrutiny, for in
some instances they are designed to
promote the personal projects Of
Government officials. But it is diff
cult to follow the reasoning OF
Senator Taft and Senator Milliken
in their denunciation of OPA Ad-
ministrator Bowles for disseminat-
ing propaganda against inflationary
conditions.
The OPA had mailed out some
printed matter with allotment
checks. This material, recalling the
imitation after the First World War,
urged consumers not to pay more
than ceiling prices and to- guard
against underweights. This, the two
Senators said, was Every wrong"
Senator Taft contending that OPA
was questioning the honesty of all
business men. Unless it be assumed,
however, that there is no such thing
as overcharging or underweighing,
which would be wholly unwar-
ranted assumption, there is little
basis for this criticism.
Mr.. Bowles, while conceding that
the material mailed out was propa-
ganda, argued that 1T was propa-
ganda against imitation, and his
point was well taken. Certainly, the
danger OF imitation is very real, and
it would seem that any reasonable
effort to point out specific sources
OF danger to the public should be
commended and not condemned.
Evening star., 1945-10-26
Golden Rule VS.. Atomic Bomb


To the Editor Of The Star:
Your editorial on "The Bible Now"
was especially interesting to me, after
reading the horrible experience of Gen.
Wainwright's men in the March of
Death" at Bataan and the experience at
Corregidor.
Recently, mother who has lost a
beloved son in the Navy on the Pacific,
said that her religion meant more to her
now than ever before. In contrast to
this the Psalmist in dire extremity
called out: why standeth thou afar
of, o Lord? Why hidest thou thyself
in times of trouble?" psalm 10-1.) But
the Psalmist's faith and confidence
were not weakened, for he later said:
Though an host should encamp against
me, my heart shall not fear; though
war should rise against me, in this will
be confident" psalm 20-3.)
Our minister preached from Paul's
epistle to the Galatians Sunday morn
ing, a part of which would be of great
benefit for this world of pickering and
strife to heed. In the part of the 5th
chapter, he read: But the fruit of the
Spirit is love, JOY. peace, long suffering,
gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness,
temperance: against such there is no
law"
If Japan had adopted and put into
practice those principles, including the
Golden Rule, she today would have been
respected by the entire world. What
distinction that would have given her!
Instead, she buried what conscience she
may have had in savagery past the equal
of the Dark Ages.
Some of the great nations are seeking
to establish permanent peace-and at
the same time are worrying lest some
other nations may discover the secret of
the atomic bomb-and destroy them.
But the Golden Rule is sure path to
permanent peace. Why not try 1t?
H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star., 1945-10-26
Kinq Winters Scouts

When nights begin to get nippy
and the mornings are frost-chilled
the advance scouts of King Winter
begin to make trails over the tan
scared grasses. One can see where
their footsteps have been when the
October sun climbs into the sky and
begins to warm cold earth. From
brook -traversed meadows. moving
fields, harvested land and rock-dot-
ted upland pastures wisps of curling
mist and fog rise and leiSurely dis
integrate in the air. The white frost
that marks the trails of Winters
vanguard disappears for another few
hours.
October is a good month in the
farm calendar 1t marks the close of
a seasons rush and tension; it is
the forerunner of the cold and driv-
ing rains of November. The coun-
tryman has a good feeling that he is
ready for the long season of ice and
cold. The corn crib is stuffed with
ears of golden grain; the barn is full
of fragrant clover and alfalfa; the
house cellar is stocked with shelves
of preserves; the woodshed is piled
high with split pieces for the kitchen
stove and the big knotty chunks for
the parlor base burner.
There is sense of peace and pa
tient waiting over the countryside.
Flocks OF small birds swirl over the
fields. organizing their groups for
the long trip south. A few crows
utter melancholy calls from the trees
along the edge of the south field
Late-blooming flowers add bits of
color along the fence rows and in
the corners back of the barn. In
the heat of midday woodchucks am
BILE slowly to the clover patch and
muskrats explore along the banks OF
the creek.
By midafternoon the sun is low
against the horizon and gray-brown
shadows start coming across the
fields. A farmer likes to start his
chores . LITTLE earlier these days.
When he comes across the yard
Evening star., 1945-10-26

In the words Of Secretary Of State
Byrnes, the United Nations World Sc
curity Organization has now become
part Of the law of the nations"
Mr.. Byrnes, who looks worried and
harassed because of the many conflicting
problems which have arisen since WI
day, warned, however, in celebrating
the official birth of the new organiza-
tion that peace depended, not on pacts
and signed agreements, but on the will
Of the people.
In large part of the world the will
Of the people is really the will Of the
governments which have established
themselves without consulting those
who have right to determine who
shall govern them, and how. Hence,
the will for peace in the near future
will be in the hands of self imposed
leaders, regardless Of when they gained
power.
The world has had many worthy
peace documents. The Pact of Paris,
better known as the Kellogg BRAND
pact, for instance, was signed by all
civilized nations. Yet, whenever men
like Mussolini, Hirohito and Hitler de-
cided to run amok they did so In de-
fiance of their treaty obligation. None
of the Axis powers is in the new. or
ganization. But Russia herself broke
the Kellogg pact when she attacked
Poland and Finland in 1899 and the
Baltic states in 1910.
1t will take craftsmanship by the
major powers, which form the support
ing pillars of the new organization, to
prevent the latest international agree
ment from becoming another scrap Of
paper.
So far as this country is concerned.
its government and the overwhelming
majority OF the people are willing to
spare no effort and sacrifice to make
the United Nations Organization into
something that actually means what 1t
says. President Truman, the Secretary
of State and the bulk of the Senate are
willing to regard the present difficulties
in Europe and Asia as the inevitable
backwash Of a total moral and economic
disruption resulting from an unprece-
dented ruthless war. But the policy
framing agencies Of the American Gov
ernment recently have come to the
conclusion that policy Of endless yield
ing on our part without reciprocal
willingness to compromise on the part
of our wartime partners, will not lead
to lasting peace.
Until few weeks ago we were pre-
pared to intrust the security of the
Evening star., 1945-10-26
The New York Election
By Raymond MoIey

The New York City election campaign
has brought to light another most in
tereSting contradiction in the Roosevelt
theories of politics. Mrs Roosevelt has
got solidly behind the Tammany-spon-
sored candidate for Mayor with the
statement, "This mayoralty campaign
Is really the opening gun in the con-
gressional elections and the next ma
tional election"
According to Mrs. Roosevelts 1945
philosophy, therefore, local politics is
legitimate part of national politics. The
Mayor of Mattepoo can always claim
votes on the ground that vote for him
is a vote for American foreign policy
and that to repudiate him is to shake
the prestige of Gen. Macarthur in Asia.
But Mrs. Roosevelt's late husband, in
194l, thought otherwise. He said: 1.-THE
fact that the citys election has no re-
lationship to national policies, but is
confined to civic policies, is attested by
the fact that the constitution Of the
State provides for the municipal elec-
ton in off-years when neither Gov
ernor nor President nor members of
the House of Representatives or Senate
of the United States are to be chosen"
With all due allowance for a differ-
ence in political theory between the late
President and his wife, this gap between
1941 and 1945 is challenging. For on as
important political decision as is in
volved in giving or withholding presi-
Dental support in municipal elections,
there would hardly have been public
disagreement between the President and
his wife.
kKx
The change in Roosevelt theory can
be accounted for only on the ground
that Mayor Fiorello La Guardia was
running in 1941 and is not running in
1945. The late President always had
an affinity for the erratic and casual
political allegiances OF Mr.. La Guardia.
And usually, when the little Mayor was
involved, the President turned against
even such important ieutepants as
James A. Farley and Edward ]. Flynn.
But with Mr.. LA Guardia out. the
r1ayoralty Of New York becomes
matter Of national Importance.
Evening star., 1945-10-26
No SIurs Wanted

Inc Sl9neQ Columns WHICH appear
on the editorial page of this news
paper reflect the views OF their
authors. The purpose of this is to
present variety of opinion, includ-
ing opinion which may be wholly at
variance, with that of The Star, as
was the case with the column by
David Lawrence which was published
yesterday.
Mr.. Lawrence is opposed to the
adoption at this time of compulsory
military training program, while The
Star is unqualifiedly in favor of such
a program. In his column yesterday,
however, Mr.. Lawrence sought to
bolster his position by attacking the
good faith of Army officers who
advocate a training program, and
this is slur which The Star desires
specifically to disavow.
Mr.. Lawrence says that the Pres
ident, in urging Congress to adopt
training program now, was echoing
the views of Army officers and
others" This, he added, merely
means that the military men want
to be assured of their status in the
armed services" that "they would
like to remain generals and colonies
and not step back in rank, at lower
pay" If training program should
be adopted, according to Mr.. Law
renee, more commissioned officers
would be retained on active duty
than otherwise would be the case,
and therefore, he concludes, sit is
understandable that the military
groups should insist that it is better
to maintain the present organization
and not disband it," In brief, Mr..
Lawrence charges that the military
men who advocate compulsory train
ing-and he makes no exceptions
are motivated by desire for per-
sonal aggrandizement.
This is deplorable accusation,
the more so because it is entirely
unsupported by any. citation of fact.
Who are the military men" to whom
Mr.. Lawrence refers? Which indi-
viduals comprise the military
groups?" Does he refer to General
Marshall, strong advocate of COM
pulsory training? 1t is well known
that General Marshall wants to
potira noec AR ou,ranca nv. onu
one else really believe that he is
motivated. by a cheap and selfish
desire to remain on active duty?
And what about General Eisenhower,
or Secretary of War Patterson, or
his distinguished and highly re-
spected predecessor, Mr.. Stimson,
who is in the forefront of the advo-
Gates of military training? Are they,
and the President, too, covered by
the slurring reference to Army
officers and others? If not, what
is the explanation of their views?
The Star believes that the expla-
nation is very simple. They are
intelligent and patriotic men. They
have had exceptional opportunity to
study the problem of national de-
fense and this experience has con-
vinced them of the need for uni
versal military training. And they
advocate it, not from any unworthy
motive, but because they earnestly
believe it to be essential to the future
security of the United States.