davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-09
War Crimes Tribunal
To Consist Of judges
From 4 Major Powers
Allies Issue Agreement
On Establishing Court
And Procedure at TrioIs
/r~r& ~ f~~..s~>~x 49, nzr. -
(Tert OF agreement on Page All,
Cy the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
LONDON, Aug. 9.-The Nazi
and Fascist leaders who plunged
Europe into history's most hor-
rible war will answer for their
crimes before an international
military tribunal composed of
judges from the United States,
Great Britain, Russia and
France.
This was assured last night by
announcement OF an inter-Allied
agreement on establishment of the
court and the rules Of law under
which the Axis leaders will be tried.
For the first time there has been
firmly established in international
law the principle that those who
plan aggressive wars - Grimes
against peace"-may be held per-
sonally responsible.
The agreement, based largely on
a plan suggested by Supreme Court
Justice Robert H. Jackson, the
American representative, provides
for military tribunal of four men,
bers before whom war criminals
will be tried. Presidency of the court
will rotate among judges of the
four powers composing it. Its head
quarters will be in Berlin.
Fair Trials Planned.
As a gesture of poetic justice, the
first trial will be held In Nuremberg
the shrine city" of the Nazis-
where Adolf Hitler, addressing
colossal Nazi assemblages, once
poured out torrents of venom against
the states which later were his
military victims.
The tribunal will have power to
infict the death penalty and will
operate under rules designed te
give the accused fair trial. Ap-
peals are barred, and judgments o1
the court are final. Time-consumine
technicalities often employed ir
American courts win not be per-
mitted under the simplified legal
procedure established in the
Charter.
Justice Jackson, IN statement &C.
companying the 30-article Charter
1 said the document represented
mutual concessions" designed X
blend American standards Of justice
and protection Of the defendant.
with the continental system which
the Germans themselves have EN-.
ployed and understood"
Primarily, tri-pronged defini.
tion Of war crimes was established
as the basis. This specified "crime.
against the peace" involving plan.
ming and waging aggressive wal
and violating international treaties
war crimes which violate rules o.
customs Of war, and crimes againsi
humanity, which would include
atrocities and use Of slave labor
as well as persecution on political
religious and racial grounds.
IF we can cultivate In the world
the idea that aggressive Warmakinl
! is the way to the prisoners docl
(see WAR GRIMES, Page A-2J
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Late Bulletin
Fenwick Appears Winner

Charles II. Fenwick, Arling-
ton, apparently had won the
Virginia Democratic nomin-
alton for Lieutenant Cover
nor today. Returns from all
but ID Of the States Ills
precincts gave him 51,851
votes to 50,539 for his closest
opponent, 1. Preston Collins.
Early story on page B-1.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Russian Troops
Sing in Streets
On Hearing News
Crowds of Citizens
Pour From Homes
To Cheer Soldiers
BY EDDY GILMORE,
Associated Press stan Writer,

MOSCOW, Aug. 9.-Long col
umns of Red Army soldiers,
flushed with victory over Hitler
ite Germany, marched, singing,
through the streets of Moscow
early today after they had heard
that Russia had declared war at
last on its old enemy, japan.
The Soviet people awaited the first
news of the fighting, but neither ra-
dio nor press carried any war dis
patches from East Asia as yet.
Crowds of citizens poured from
their homes to cheer the marching
troops. But they were by no means
surprised that war in the Far East
had come. They had been prepared
for the news for some time.
In fact, people seemed to take it
as calmly as Soviet Foreign Com
missar vyacheslav Molotov an
nounced it to newsmen last night.
The foreign commissar disclosed
the dramatic news in a casual, al
most nonchalant fashion at a press
conference in the brilliantly illumi-
mated conference room at the Soviet
Foreign ONCE. Three and a half
hours before, at S pm. CMoscow
time) he had summoned Japanese
Ambassador Naotake SatG to the
Kremlin and handed him the de-
claration, to be effective at mid
night, seven hours later.
Sato Remains at Embassy.
Sato was permitted to send his
last telegram to Tokyo with the an
nouncement. The Ambassador re-
manned at the japanese Embassy in
Moscow's residential section last
night, with his staff gathered about
him. Japanese who were living in
Moscow began hocking to the en-
bassy short time after Sato re-
ceived the news. Their return to
Japan will be subject to the ar
rangements for the return Of the
Soviet staff from Tokyo.
CThe Tokyo radio, in an Eng
hSh-language broadcast to North
America, said no oficial message
had been received today-up to 2
pm, Tokyo time, from Sato. The
broadcast came after other Tokyo
radio reports quoted Moscow
broadcasts as saying Sato had
been informed Of the declaration.
(Tokyo later quoted q Moscow
broadcast as saying Sato, the
embassy sta1 and Japanese press
correspondents were interned in
the Japanese Embassy
Proclaimed by Radio.
An hour and 80 minutes after
newsmen were told the news Of the
war declaration last night, the So
Wet radio proclaimed it from one
end Of the vast Soviet Union to the
other,
Mr.. Molotov, asserting the decla-
ration was move to join the Allies
| (See MOSCOW. Page A-30
Evening star., 1945-08-09

Both the Japanese and Man.
chuokuoan Armies in these areas
counterattacked for self-defense and
now are engaged in fighting with the
Soviet Army"
Domei said the targets of the
Soviet planes included Hardin and
Kirin, capital of Kirin Province,
27O miles southwest Of Vladivostok,
Rashin, a Japanese naval base in
Korea, and Genzan (WonsanD a
port on the eastern coast of Korea.
other points also were attacked by
the Russian planes, the dispatch
said.
State Council Meeting Called.
The enemy bulletin declared pup
pet Manchurian troops had Joined
the Japanese in counterattacks.
Tokyo said the Manchurian pup
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Truman Gives Kruq
Fiye-Point Plan 10
Speed Reconversion
WPB Choirmon Is Told
To Lift Controls as Soon
As Need Is Ended

President Truman today told
WPB Chairman J. A. Krug that
wartime production controls
Should be lifted as soon as they
are no longer needed" and laie
down a five-point plan to speed
reconversien of industry tc
peacetime production.
In letter to Mr.. Krug, the Presi-
dent said WPB can and should play
an important role in reconversion,
and he asked Mr.. Krug to take these
steps:
l. A vigorous drive to expand pro.
duction Of materials which are in
short supply mot only because OF
military demands, but to meet civil
ian demands as we'll"
2. A limitation on the maufac-
ture Of products which would re.
quire materials that are in short
supply.
3. A broad and effective control ol
inventories Ito avoid speculative
boarding."
4. Granting OF priority assistance
"to break bottlenecks which may
impede the reconversion process"
5. ALLEGATION of scarce material.
for the production of low-pricee
items essential to the continued
success Of the stabilization pro.
gram"
nn~l~~ In
Mr.. Truman's letter was mad,
public shortly after he had con.
ferred with Mr.. Krug and OPA Ad.
ministrator Chester Bowles, whit
have been at odds over the problem
Of pricing during the reconversior
period.
Mr.. Bowles recently called on Wa,
Mobilization and Reconversion Di.
rector. John w. Snyder to say
whether materials no longer needed
for the war are to be thrown on tn,
market or channeled into civilian
production IN orderly fashion.
In concluding his letter to Mr.
Krug, the President expressed tn,
hope that "all the officials and stat
Of your board, whose services ART
needed, will stay on the job"
He added that their work was no
done yet and "the people of tn,
United States expect them to b,
good soldiers and remain in servic,
until the need has passed"
No Reference to Clash.
| While the Truman letter avoided
ANY direct reference to the inter,
agency clash, it was evident that /
had been brought to his attention
because he said at the outset of tn,
letter that he had consulted will
Director Snyder regarding steps t,
be taken by this Government t,
lspeed reconversion."
Every opportunity must be givel
to private business to exercise it
ingenuity and forcefulness In speed
| ing the resumption of civilian pro
duction, subject to war needs" MI
Truman said. The Government ha
q major responsibility to assist il
the achievement of an orderly tran
sition from war production to civil
ian production. This is essential +
the war production that continue
and to the development Of health
national economy.
'sYou and I have agreed that tn
WAR Production Board can an
I(See RECONVERSION. Page A-3.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Vast Pincers Suggested as
Russians Cross Border at
Points on 3OO-MiIe Front
BULLETIN.

CHUNGKING up. - American Air Forces have
been hammerng japanese routes of withdrawal north
ward for month with foreknowedge of the Russian
entry into the and have seriously nterfered"
with the enenys movements toward the Russian
'front.' It. Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer said today.
MAP Page A-2J
Red Army troops sashed the eastern and west
frontiers of Manchuria early today shortly after the
Russian declaration of against Japan became eec-
tve and sharp fighting is in progress in all invaded
areas, the Tokyo radio announced
broadcast Dome dispatch said Russian forces had
battered the eastern frontier of Manchura at sev
eral points" along 3O0-me line extending southwark
from Hutou to Hunchun. Hutou, just across the Soviet
Manchuran border is $50 miles east of Harbn key in
dustral and communications center Hunchun about
24O miles southeast of Harbin regarded prime Rus
sian objective.
the west, Tokyo said, launched In the
Manchou in the northwestern elbow OF the
winding border about 500 air miles northwest OF
Harbin.
Strike Acros and Frontiers.
Japanese headquarters communique said the Rus
and western frontiers began shortly
midnight This suggested vast pincers movement against
ne Kwantung Army pride of Emperor Hrohitos forces
eieved massed in Manchuria.
headquarters comunique asserted that part OF the
attacks after crossing the eastern and west
IN borders while simultaneously small
es Soviet Air Force made separate raids
of Northern Manchukuo anchura and Northern Chosen
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Nation Awaits
Truman Report
On War Outlook
Broadcast Tonight
Expected to Center
On Pacific Situation
BY ], A. FOX.

WIN RUSSIAN troops on the
march against Japan from both
east and west and the atomic
bomb campaign finding its sec
ond target in strategic Nagasaki,
official Washington today hoped
and expected that the backbone
of enemy resistance in the Pacific
would be broken swiftly.
President Truman will report on
the war to the Nation at 10 o'clock
tonight in Commute speech over
all radio networks.
When the speech first was
planned, it was expected to deal
chiefly with the Potsdam Confer
ence, where the agreement was
reached for Russia's spectacular en-
try into the war, flashed to the
world yesterday afternoon. Now it
is believed that with the Big Three
once more united in war, the Pres
ident will deal at length with the
outlook in the Pacific.
Owl Opens Campaign.
Mr.. Truman announced Russia's
entry into the conflict at a hastily
called press conference at 3 pm.
yesterday.
Coincidentally, in a new drive to
weaken japanese morale, the OWL
opened an intensified 24-hour prop
aganda campaign, directed at the
japanese people over the heads Of
their leaders
Il hope that the people of Japan
will now realize that further resist
ance to the forces of the nations
now united in the enforcement of
law and justice will be futile" Sec
retary of State Byrnes told a press
conference shortly after the Russian
announcement. There is still time
but little time-for the japanese
to save themselves from the destruc-
tion which threatens them"
| Icdcc move AWaated-
The snowballing developments 50
clearly spelling out the doom of
Japan caused Washington to wait
tensely for some peace move from
the enemy, or possibly word of in
ternal trouble which could lead to
revolution.
In the event Japan decides to
fight on, some authorities believe
the end of the war could be delayed
year or SO. At any rate, the con-
viction is voiced on all sides that
the end will come months sooner
because of Soviet participation,
which was effected just three days
after America had loosed the first
atomic bomb against Japan.
Mr.. Truman broke the news OF
Russias declaration yesterday si-
multaneously with the Moscow ra-
dio, but his words were the first to
reach the American people.
! Russia Was Not Figured.
Newsmen summoned from all
parts Of town by White House Press
Secretary Charles C. Ross were
told that the President would have
an announcement - but there was
nothing to indicate what its nature
would be, and Russia was not figur-
ing in the guessing contest.
As the doors of the Presidents
office were opened, they found him
f1anked by Secretary Byrnes, Ad-
miral William D. Leahy. War Mo-
bilization Director John w. Snyder
and members of the White House
staff.
'I have only a simple announce
ment to make" the President said
quietly. Il can't hold a regular press
conference today, but this an
nouncement is so important I
thought T would call you in. Russia
has just declared war on Japan.
That is ALL"
Evening star., 1945-08-09

pet government this morning pro-
claimed defense decree for the
entire nation against the Soviet
Army's unlawful invasion"
"At the same time" the dispatch
said, @the government called an
extraordinary meeting Of the State
Council and took steps for giving
immediate full play to the nations
power, thereby putting in order the
government and peoples front for
repulsing the Red Army"
Senior members of "Dai Nippon
Seijaki," most influential political
party in Japan, held an emergency
meeting at the Diet building in
Tokyo TO discuss countermeasures
capable of meeting the sudden de-
velopment in the war situation fol-
Evening star., 1945-08-09
House Committee in Berlin

BERLIN, Aug. 8 G.-An 11-man
congressional committee headed by
Representative Wickersham, Demo-
crat, Of Oklahoma toured Berlin TO.
day.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Cumberland Results

| FIRST RACE-Purse, $500; A-year- -olds
and UP; claiming; about furlongs.
| Styx (Edens) 4.40 $40 2.70
Rhyme Maker (Coya1l) $50 2.00
Rose Axteca (Challis) $40
Time 0:56.
Also ran--Famas Time. Pilates Punch.
Refreshment, Bonnie Ina.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Jap Agency Warning
Of Special News
Fails to Moteriolize
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO. Aug. g.
Domei, japanese news agency,
today transmitted a wireless
message to its bureaus through
out the Orient instructing them
to watch for an important
announcement in subsequent
transmissions."
It added that a special trans
mission would be made at $3.50
p.m., Tokyo time (8:30 am,
EWTD, or later. No subject
was limited in the warning,
issued at 3 pm, Tokyo time.
Later Domei sent another
message telling bureaus to
stand by for possible emer-
gency transmissions during 6
pm, $3.50 pm. and 1880 pm.
transmissions for the three days
of August 9, 10 and IL" 1t
still did not indicate the specific
reason.
NEW YORK, Aug. 8 R.-
Mutual Broadcasting System
said today a japanese radio
announcement for which listen
ers had been ordered to stand
by was merely a formal an
nouncement that Russia and
Japan were at war.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
(See RUSSIA, Page -A-20

One additional man from
the District area has been re- !
ported killed In this tDdr. See
"On the Honor Roll," Page A-6.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Japanese Report Sharp Fighting;
Naqasaki Is Hit in New u. S. Blow
More Than One of
New Missiles Nav
Have Been Used
BULLETIN.

GUAM (R.-A task force of
80 Super FortreSses tonight
attacked the important avia-
ton gasoline refinery and
tank storage farm at Amaga-
saki, near Osaka, with near
ly 500. tons of demolition
bombs.
Evening star., 1945-08-09

(See ATOM BOMB, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-08-09

1see RECoNvERsIoN, Page A-s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09
Cothoic Hierarchy to Attend
Bishop Shehon' S CONSERVATION
Apostolic Delegate
Will Officiute at
Rites Wednesday

The Most Req. DR.. Laurence J.
Sheh1n has Dritten religious
editorial, outlining his pieios OF
the ,uorld and OF the duties OF
Christian men and tDon1en. The
tert appears on The Stars edi-
torial page today.
The Most Rev. DR.. Lawrence j
Shehan, pastor of St. Patrick's
Church. will be consecrated Auxili-
airy Bishop Of Baltimore and Wash
ington and Titular Bishop of Lydia
in st. Patrick's Church at 10 am
Wednesday.
Some observers believe Msgr
Shehan will move to Baltimore
shortly to- take over some Of the
duties OF Archbishop Michael j
Curley, who has been In i'll health
for some time.
The bishop-elect who served first
as assistant pastor of st. Patrick's
under the late Msgr. Cornelius F
Thomas and later succeeded him
has never served in any other
church. Wednesdays ceremony will
be the third conservation of a
bishop to take place in the 1872
year-old parish.
The Most Rev. Amleto Giovanni
Cicognani, Apostolic Delegate to
the United States, will be the con-
secrating prelate. The assistant
consecrators will be the Most Rev
Peter L. Ireton, bishop of Richmond,
and the Most Rev. John M. Nc
Namara. auxiliary bishop of Balti-
more and Washington and pastor
Of st. Gabriers Church here.
The Rt. Rev. Msgr. John Heating
Cartwright, pastor of the Immacu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

words: "Accipe spiritum Sanctum :"
or Receive the Holy Ghost" The
ceremony win end when the apos-
tolic delegate and Bishops Ireton
and Mcnamara embrace Msgr. She
han and give him the kiss Of peace.
Msgr. Shehan will be co-celebrant
Of mass at a special altar erected
near the main altar, while Msgr.
Cicognani will be celebrant of the
mass at the high altar.
Among priests who will assist at
the conservation are: Assistant
priest, the Rt. Rev. Msgr. Joseph M.
Michigan; deacons of honor, the Rt.
Rev. Msgr. Harry A. Quinn and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

late Conception Church, will preach
the sermon. He Is former assist
ant at st. Patrick's and a close
friend of Bishop-elect Shehan.
Among members of the hierarchy
who will attend the rates are: The
Most Rev. William J. Hafey, Bishop
Of Scranton; the Most Rev. Vincent
S. Waters, Bishop of Raleigh; the
Most Rev. Michael J. Ready, Bishop
of Columbus; the Most Rev. Thomas
J. Boland, Auxiliary Bishop of New
ark; the Most Rev. Louis F. Kelle-
her, Auxiliary Bishop of Boston; the
Most Rev. William r. Arnold, for
merly chaplain in chief of the
United States Army and now titular
Bishop Of Phocaea and military
delegate Of the ordinariate of the
Army and Navy, and the Most Rev.
Arsene Turquetil, OMI, former
vicar-apostolic of the Hudson Bay
territory which includes the North
Pole.
In addition, large number Of
monsignori and members of the
clergy in archdiocese of Balti-
more and Washington, a great body
Of the laity, national leaders and
members of the diplomatic corps,
will attend. Also present will be
the new bishops three brothers, DR..
Daniel F. Shehan and j. Brooke
Shehan of Baltimore, and Thomas
A. Shehan Of Philadelphia and his
sister, Miss Mary D. Shehan, of
Philadelphia. Msgr. Shehan will
bestow his first Episcopal blessing
on the four as the choir Of Holy
Cross College chants the TIE Deum.
The impressive ritual will be
climaxed by the placing of hands
upon Msgr. Shehan by the conse-
Grating prelate and the co-conse-
orators as they pronounce the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

Rt. Rev. Msgr. r.; Joseph Manns;
deacon Of the mass, the Very Rev.
George "A. Gleason, SIS; subdeacon
of mass, the Very Rev. Bernard e.
Ransing, Csc; chaplains to Bishop
Mcnamara, the Very Rev. Joseph A.
Ellis and the Rev. J. Lawrence Kill
kenny; chaplains to Bishop Ireton,
the Rev. Jerome D. Sebastian and
the Rev. Elmer T. Fisher; chaplains
to Msgr. Shehan. the Rev. William
r. O'Connor and the Rev. Joseph T.
Kennedy: notary, the 1T. Rev. Msgr.
John j. Russell.
Master OF ceremonies to the apos-
tolic delegate. the Very Rev. Joseph
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

McShea; master Of ceremonies To
Msgr. Shehan, the Rev. Waiter j
Schmitz, SIS; assistant masters Of
ceremonies, the Rev. Thomas b
Dade, the Rev. James E. Cowhig and
the Rev. E. Robert Arthur; gift
bearers, the Revs. w. Joyce Russell
John L. Bailey, Francis e. Mont.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09
New Zealand Minister
Entertuins Page Boys

Carl A. Berendsen, the New Zea-
land Minister, yesterday told group
Of Is page boys from the Senate,
House and Supreme Court who Wis
tied the New Zealand Legation, that
friendship between that nation and
America has been strengthened be-
cause both countries engaged in
mutual war effort in the Pacific and
had mutual interests there.
The boys visited the Legation at
the invitation of Mr.. Berendsen.
After describing New Zealand brief
ly, the minister led the group in a
tour of the residence and gardens
The boys were then shown a motion
picture about New Zealand.
The visit to the New Zealand Le-
CATION was the first of several SINH
lar trips the page boys will make
this season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

gomery, Francis ]. Kelly. Martin j.
Schmitt and E. Melville Taylor;
ter-bearer, the Rev. Stephen ].
Hogan; crozier bearer, the Rey.
Joseph r. Denges; ring bearer, the
Rev. Paul A. McNally, ST., and min
lister of book. the Rev. I. Mitchell
Cartwright. gsasf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-09

Payments on your home are
made easy by renting a room.
Renting a room is made easy
by advertising in The Star.
Call National 5000. Open 8
am. to II pm.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-06-15
Annual Banquet
Planned By YMBC
For Merchants

The Young Mems Business
Club has set Monday. June 25,
as the date for the seventh an
nual business mems banquet
which will be held at the Moss
Point Community House, Off
GERS of the club announced.
Invitations will be sent Out
next week and members OF the
organization will also issue in
vitations personally. For the
past seven years the YMBC has
entertained merchants of the
community and the food IS
served by different womenis or
CARNATIONS.
Mrs. c. c. Clark, well-known
speaker, will make the principal
address. Mrs. Clark has appeared
before the National Congress OF
Parent Teacher Associations in
Kansas and has served on sew
eral national committees relat-
ing to youth work. She has ad-
dressed numerous civic organi-
cations throughout Mississippi.
Louisiana and Alabama.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-06-15
EIks TO Present
Flag Day Program
Sunday Afternoon

Elks from Biloxi and Gulfport
win join members Of the Pasca-
goula lodge IN the presentation
of q Flag Day service Sunday,
June II, at 3 pm, at the Elks
hall in Pascagoula.
Held in observance Of the an
niversary Of the adoption of the
American Flag. the program will
consist Of a number OF talks. mu-
steal selections and salutes to
.Old Glory by members of the
three lodges participating. Mu-
sic vii be furnished BY the Pas
cagoula High school band.
Highlights Of the program will
be : History Of the Flag by
Vincent Ros and a patriotic adj
dress BY Harold Gautier, princi-
pal speaker.
Members Of the neighboring
lodges who will contribute to the
program are Russell Braun and
the Rev. Z. A. De Miller Of BIZ
loxi and {. c. Blackwell and r.
Z. Brash q Gulfport