davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

NOTICE OF TIME APPOINTED FOR
pRnVTNG Will. ETC

IN the District Court Of the Second Judicial
District of the State Of Montana, In and
For the County Of Silver Bow.
In the Matter Of the Estate Of JACOB TURK,
Deceased.
Pursuant to an order Of said District Court,
made on the 18th day OF July. 1945. notice Is
hereby given that Saturday. the 18th day Of
August, i945, at 10 O'Clock A. NJ. Of said day
at the Court Room Of said Court in Depart
ment 2 thereof at the City OF Butte In the
said County OF Silver Bow, State OF Montana,
have been appointed as the time and place
for proving the VIII Of said Jacob Turk, de-
ceased. and for hearing the petition Of Henry
G. Kiesiing for the Issuance to him Of Letters
Testamentary. when and where any persons
interested may appear and contest the same,
and show cause, If any he has, why said
petition should not be granted.
Dated July 18th. 1915.
Court Seal ELMER SHEA,
Clerk of the Court,
By D. F. HOLLAND, Deputy Clerk.
JAMES p. KENNEDY,
Attorney for Petitioner,
4l3 Metals Bank Bldg Butte, Mont.
First Publication July 26, l945-3r
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
NOTICE TO CREDITORS

Estate Of JOHN C.. BENZ. Deceased.
Notice is hereby given by the undersigned.
Kathryn Benz, Administrative Of the estate
of John c.. Benz, deceased, to the creditors
Of and all persons having claims against the
said deceased, to exhibit them, with the neces-
sary vouchers, within four months after the
iirst publication Of this notice to the said
administrative at the law office of Harlow
Pease, All Silver Bow Block. the same being
the place for the transaction Of the business
of said estate. in the County Of Silver Bow,
State of Montana.
KATHRYN BENZ.
Administrative of the Estate Of John c.
Benz, Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana, the End day OF
July, 1915.
First Publication July S, 1945-4T
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
NOTICE TO

Estate Of WILLIAM ROGER YOULDEN, De
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by the undersigned
eXecutriX OF the estate Of william Roger
Youlden. deceased. to the creditors Of and all
persons having claims against the said de-
ceased, to exhibit them. with the necessary
vouchers, within four months after the first
publication Of this notice to the said execu-
trix at the office Of All C. Bremer. POI
O'Rourke Estate Building. Butte, Montana, the
same being the place for the transaction OF
the business Of said estate, in the County
OF Silver Bow, State Of Montana.
EDITH MARTHA YOULDEN.
Executrix OF the Estate Of william Roger
YouIden, Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana. this 7th day Of
July, 1915.
First Publication July y. i945-4T
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

HELEN DOfFAt fAaiAtill
CLIFFORD C. DUFFEY. Defendant.
The State Of Montana Sends Greetings 10 the
Above Named Defendant.
You are hereby summoned 70 answer the
complaint in this action. which is filed in
the office Of the Clerk Of this Court, a copy
Of which is herewith served upon you. and
to file your answer and serve q copy thereof
of upon the plaintiffs attorney within twenty
days after the service Of this summons, ex-
elusive Of the day Of service: and IN case
Of your failure to appear or answer. iudg-
ment will be taken against you by default
for the relief demanded In the COMPLIANT.
wherein It is alleged:
That plaintiff and defendant intermarried
at Missoula, Montana. on or about the 18th
day Of August, 1886, and ever since said date
have been and now are husband and wife.
That plaintiff is an actual and bona fide
resident Of the State Of Montana and has
been an actual and bona fide resident for
more than one year last past and Immediately
preceding the commencement of this action.
to-wit; the oath day Of July, 1915. That one
child was born as issue Of said marriage.
said child being a daughter. tO-wit; Doreene
Duffy, aged Eight Years, now in the custody
Of plaintiff. That defendant, disregarding
the %solemnity Of his marriage vows, has been
and now is guilty OF Wilful Neglect Of and
toward plaintiff and said minor child In this,
tO-wit That for more than one year last
past and Immediately preceding the COM
mencement Of this action. the said defendant
has failed, neglected and refused to provide
plaintiff and the said minor child with the
common neeessaries Of life, to-wit; food,
clothing and shelter. although he, said de-
PENDANT, is fully capable Of furnishing said
necessaries, and as a result Of such failure
on defendants part, plaintiff has been COM
PEELED to earn her own living. and support
said minor child.
Plaintiff prays for an absolute divorce and
the absolute care, custody and control OF
Doreene Duffy, the minor child Of the parties
hereto.
For further particulars see Complaint on
file herein.
WITNESS my hand and the seal Of said
Court this 25th day Of July, A. D.. 1915.
Court Seal LME SHEA. Clerk.
By D. C. WALSH, Deputy Clerk.
". e. COyle and Frank x. Ybarra,
514 Silver Bow Block
Butte, Montana.
Attorney for Plaintiff
First Publication July 25. t945-fT
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Estate Of ANGUS MACARTHUR, Deceased
Notice is hereby given by the undersigned,
Administrator Of the estate Of Angus NC
Arthur. deceased, to the creditors Of and all
persons having claims against the said de
ceased. to exhibit them' with the necessary
vouchers. within four months after the first
publication Of this notice to the said admin
istrator at 3I4 Owsley Building, Butte, Mon
tana, the same being the place for the trans
action Of the business Of said estate, in the
County of Silver Bow, State OF Montana
ANGUS MACARTHUR,
Administrator Of the Estate Of Angus Nc
Arthur. Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana, this Oath day OIL
First Publication July %, l945-4T
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
Roster of Anaconda unions

Mon, A. o. H. Hall. Harold Erickson, Pres
e. H. Eckvahl, v. p; W.. d. Wagner, sec.
r. j. Thomas, treas; Roy o. Brandt, Jr4.
sgt.-at-arms; E. A. Barnett. June Burks,
william Ward, trustees.
Plumbers-H. A. Painter, pres; F. A. Reardon,
v. p; H. a Schrapp. sec, P. o. box 1877.
Meets 2nd Tuesdays A. o, H. hall, 1880 p. m.
Teamsters-cy Miller, pres; Fred Thomas,
v. p; Jack Anderson. sec.-treas; H. j. VII
%leneaue, r~ec.-sec.; John Mogus, bus. agent;
Tom VaniskO, con, & war; Phil Thomas,
trustee, 3-yr. term. Meets LIST and 3rd
Thursday, Carpenters hall, downstairs.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
CERTIFICATE OF SPECIAL
PARTNERSHIP


we. the undersigned. William II. Jones, and
john Pollard do hereby certify that we have
this LIST day Of July, i945, entered into aud
formed a Special Partnership, and that the
name under which said Partnership is to
be conduced Is Parcel Delivery Service"
That the general nature OF the business TO
be conducted is the delivery of light parcels
OF merchandise, goods, wares and other mis-
cellaneous articles.
THAT the sole and only partners are william
H.. Jones, whose address is 928 Colorado
street, Butte, Montana, and John Pollard,
address is 52l North Henry street, Butte,
Montana. and that the said william H. Jones
and John Pollard are Special Partners only.
That the amount of Capital Stock that
each Of the said Special Partners has con-
tributed to the common stock Of said PART
nership is the sum Of Five Hundred ~ls500.O0l
Dollars.
That said Special Partnership began the
1st day Of July, 1915, and will continue for
a period Of ten years from said date or until
July LIST. 1885. unless the same is mutually
terminated before such time.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF. the said William
H. Jones and John Pollard have hereunto
set their hands and seals this LIST day Of
July, l945, at Butte, Montana
WILLIAM H.. JONES,
JOHN POLLARD.
State Of Montana
)ss.
County Of Silver Bow ,
on this list day Of July, 1945, before me the
undersigned. a Notary Public in and for the
state of Montana, peronally appeared william
H. Jones and John Pollard, to me known to
be the persons whose names are subscribed
to the above and foregoing Certificate OF
Special Partnership" and who acknowledged
to me hat they executed the same.
IN TINES WHEREOF I have hereunto
set my hand and affixed my official seal the
day and year in this Certificate first above
written.
(Notarial Seall FRANK x. BARhA
Notary Public for the State of Montana.
Residing al Butte. Montana. My Commission
Expires September 90, 1947.
First publication July 20, 1857
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Estate of EDWARD AsOBIL MORLEY, De-
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by the undersigned
administrator with the Will annexed Of the
estate OF Edward Asobil Morley, deceased, TO
the creditors of and all persons having claims
against the said deceased, to exhibit them,
with the necessary vouchers, within four
months after the first publication OF this
notice to the said administrator with the
will annexed at the office Of All G. Kramer,
2O1 O'Rourke Estate Building, Butte Montana,
the same being the place for the transaction
of the business Of said estate, in the County
Of Silver Bow, State Of Montana.
ALF @. KREMER,
Administrator With the VIII Annexed Of
the Estate OF Edward Osobil Morley, Deceased.
Dated Butte. Montana, this 7th day Of
First Publication July y. l945-4r
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Estate Of FRED POPE, also named and known
as FREDERICK POPE, DECEASED
Notice is hereby given by the Undersigned
Administrative Of the estate Of Fred Pope, also
named and known as Frederick Pope, de-
ceased. to the creditors of and all persons
having claims against the said deceased TO
exhibit them, with the necessary vouchers,
within four months after the first publication
of this notice to the said ADMINISTRATIVE ALL
4i2 owsley Building, Butte, Montana, the
same being the place for the transaction Of
the business Of said estate. in the County
of Silver Bow, State of Montana.
ELIZA B. POPE,
Administrators Of the Estate Of Fred Pope,
also known as Frederick Pope, Deceased.
Dated Butte, Montana, this End day OF
First Publication July IL, 1857
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOR TAX
DEED

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN That the I'M
dersigned will on the 23th day Of September,
i945, apply TO the County Treasurer Of Silver
Bow County, State OF Montana, for a tax
deed to the following described real property,
situate, lying and being in Silver Bow County,
state of Montana, to wit,
The W. V of Lot 8X and the E. 2 Of
Lot 3 both in Block "a OF the Bellevue
Addition to Butte. Silver Bow County.
State Of Montana.
Amount due SILT.
Dated this 25th day Of July, 1876,
c. e. DAVIS. Applicant.
First Publication July %. l945-2T
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
Roster of Billings Onions

County Trades and Labor Assem-
bly-Meets Friday. 8 D. m, In the Lat=.
Temple, 29i5h LIST Ave. P. o. BOX 76I. -
A. Kautsky. pres: Sam Wilson. v. p: r..
e. Morhouse, sec. treas.: Robert West
reading clerk: John Newman, sgt. -st-arms:
r. e. Morhouse, bus. agent OF Build. Trades.
Carpenters Local No. if72-Roy Thompson,
p: E. H.. Helterbran. rec. sec. Meets Isl
and Ord Tuesdays.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
DRAMATIC
: WHERE TO GO
MONTANA

NOW PLAYING THRU MONDAY-"See Ny
Lawyer with Olsen and johnson and Grace
Mcdonald. on the same program, BLONDE
RANSOM" starring Donald Cook and Virginia
Gray. Selected program Of shorts and latest
news.
TUESDAY-WEDNESDAY-On the stage, five
big acts OF vaudeville. On the screen, THE
Amazing MI. Forrest with Edward Everett
Horton and Otto Kruger. Selected program
Of shorts and news.
THURSDAY THRU MONDAY-"The Corn Is
Green" starring Bette Davis and John Dali
Selected shorts and the latest news.
cOMING-"The Monster Maker" with J..
Carroll Naish.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
Roster Great Falls Unions

Cascade County Trades 8 Labor Assembly
Meets Friday, Carpenters hall. B. I. Stein
metz, Box 2073, D.; L. L. Price, v. D.; J.
Evanko, Jr.. Sec. BOX 1898: r. H. RebaI.
treas; Leo Stewart. John Dusak, Carl Hell
man, E. r. Bergen and Jerry Molen, e. b.,
Herb M. Brew sergeant-at-arms.
Great Falls Building a Construction Trades
oouncil-Robt. Sands. D.; walter Davidson
" p y. r. Britten, sec-treas.. L. Thomp-
son. ogt-at-arms Ralph Mcvoy. Earl tai
bolt, Stardahl. trustees.
international Alliance Theatrical STACY Kn-
ploycs and Motion Picture Machine Opss>-
stors. Local iis-B l. stsinnstsL p~~a
h@sr - Aeat - IA
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
PARK

NOW PLAYING THRU SATURDAY-"se-
cret Command, with Pat O'Brien and Carol
Landies. On the same program, THE Aveng-
ing Rider with Tim Holt. Chapter eleven
Of Mystery Of the River Boat and selected
shorts and news.
SUNDAY MONDAY The Merry Mona
hans with Donald O'Connor, Peggy Ryan
and Jack Oakie. Also "The Three Caballeros,"
walt Disney color feature. Selected shorts
and news.
TUESDAY WEDNESDAY - Keys of the
Kingdom with Gregory Peck and Thomas
Mitchell. Also stars on Parade" with Lynn
Merrick. Selected shorts and news.
THURsDAY-sATURDAY-"So This Is WASH
ington.' with Lum and Abner. on the same
program, Hail to the Rangers" with Charles
starrett. Chapter twelve OF Mystery Of the
River Boat and selected shorts and news.
CoNuNG-"Tall in the Saddle, with John
Wayne and Ella Raines. Also GILMAN
with Susanna Foster and Turhan Bey.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
No 4i42s
Il SUMMONS

In the District Court of the Second Judicial
District Of the State Of Montana. In aud
For the County Of Silver Bow.
HELEN DUFFY, Plaintiff.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02
RIALTO

NOW SHOWING-"Bedside Manner" with
Ruth Hussey and John Carroll. on the same
program. Shadows of Suspicious, with Mar
iorie Weaver and Peter Cookson. Also the
latest Fox Moyietone News.
STARTS sUNDAY-AleXander Knox and
Charles Coburn IN wilson in %technicolor,
with Geraldine Fitzgerald.
STARTS WEDNESDAY-Peggy Ann Garner
in Junior Miss with Allyn Joslyn and Mi
chael Dunn. Also on the same program, Sid
ney Toler in Charlie Chants Secret Clue, -
Plus The latest Fox News events.
JOINING sUNDAY-"A Bell for Adano, -
with Gene Tierney and John Kodiak.
AMERICAN
NOW sHOWING-Linda Darnell and George
Sanders in Summer Storm On the same
program, Call Of the PRAIRIE with Charles
Starrett.
STARTS SUNDAY-Joan Blondell, Dorothy
MCGUIRE. Peggy Ann Garner and James Dunn
in "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" On the
same program. Crazy Knights with Billie
Gilbert, Shemp Howard and Make Rosen-
bloom. Also the latest Paramount News.
THEATER CLOSED WEDNESDAY.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

workingneI Union. F. L. q. i29s5-Meets
LIST and sro Mon, TN E.. Park st, j.
Driscoll, sec'y. P. O. BOX IT'S.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Women's Protective-r. Theobold. pres; L.
Mattausch, sec'y.-treas.; Bridget Shea. bus.
agent. Phone 575s. Meets LIST and srd
Fri. p. m; and s. last Fri., $50 p. m.
Carpenters' hall.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Typographical-Meets srd Sun. Of mo. at
Carpenters hall Roy Nelson. pres, $50
West Galena; c.. F. Aultman. sec'y.. 40s
W. Quartz.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

In the District Court of the Second Judicial
District of the State of Montana, In and
For the County Of Silver Bow.
F.. HOLLAND, Plaintiff,
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Butte Stage Employees and Operators Un,an.
Local 94-Pres., Earl Wiles; Vice-Pres., Jos
Levesey; Treasurer. Carl Fredericks; Secre-
Agent, r. o. Rouieau, 4l2 W.. Park ST. Union
meets second Tuesday each month at Mu-
siciang' Hall.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Barbers-c. Ronmar. pres: John BaIkovstx-
v. p; J. r. Costello. fin. sec'y.. 34s E
Bdwy. L. L. Hancock, rec. sec'y. Meets
LIST & Ord Wed, 3 p. M. 71h E. Park.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

T~eachers-Meets lst = 3rd wed, 7;sO p. m.
in Study hall A Of Rutce H.. g. Mary Nc
Nelis, pres; Giseia Gramsirg, Y, p; Cecilia
Harrington, rec. Sec'Y, Mona Cronin, fin.
sec'V.
Montana labor news., 1945-08-02

Teamsters-Meets Thurs. at TN E. Park 81.
Lee ~Vercammen. pres; Kenneth Davis, v. D.;
W. J. Mcintosh. sec.-treas.; L. H. Bradley,
rec.-sec'X; Frank Birmingham. bus. agent
Arthur L. Speraw. William J. Ivy, +. J.
Birmingham. trustees; Lou Braman, F. J.
Birmingham, Lee Cercammen. Bldg. Trades
delegates.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-03-27
CONTINUANCE IN
 YOUTHS HEARING
Judge Suggests Efforts Be Made to Enroll Defendent
 in Service

Another continuance was taken in superior court on chArges against Haraden Demirs, 20, ok Waterbury, following a hearing before Judge Frank P. McEvoy at a criminal session today.
 The case has bene continued since January. 1943 to test the youths be- havior on probation. The court ruled today further efforts should be made by the youth to enter a branch of war service. Another youth involved in the same case on breaking and entering charges was reported to be serving in the Navy.
 A continuance was taken untoil this afternoon on morals charges brought against Jerry Colella. The accused pleaded guilty last January to two counts. The court asked the prosecutor, Assistant States At- torney Walter w. Smith to call a psyhciatrist to testify this after noon.
 A hearing opened before Common Pleas Court Judge Miles F. Mo- Mfr today in the $500 civil action brought by Helen F. Weinberg Nit kowsku of Waterbury against AL fred Baker of Waterbury. The liti- gation is based on contract for construction of home on Stephana Lane and Williamson Drive. Tine plaintiff claims the defendant rem dered faulty work.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-03-27
WILLIAM SELVY
 SUCCUMBS TODAY
General Supt. of Water- bury Cos. Dies After
 Brief Illness

William Selvy, 47 Woodruff street, general superintendent or Waterbury Companies, Inc, where he has been employed for the past 53 years, died this morning at St. Mary's hospital after g brief illness.
 Born August 26, 1879, in New Brunswick, he was the son of the late John and Elizabeth Green woodD Selvy.
 Survivors include his wife, Mrs. Marion (Watson) Selvy; a son, William Rodney, Waterbury; a daughter, Mrs. Frederick L. Ben iamin, Jr., Waterbury; four broth- CTS, Frank, Cleveland Heights, Ohio George Waterbury, Joseph Ava Fla, and Charles, New Jersey; two sisters, Miss Catherine Selvy. De- yon, Mrs. Frank Dunn Bridgeport; and two grandsons.
 MT. Selvy was 8 member Of the Bunker Hill Congregational church Nosahogan lodge, Odd Fellows. and Harmony lodge, 42, A. F. and A. M.
 Funeral services will be held Thursday at 2 p. m. at the Alder son funeral home, 70 Central av- enue, Rev. Alan M. Fairbank, pas tor of the Bunker Hill Congrega- tional church, officiating. Burial will be in Riverside cemetery. Friends may call at the funeral home tomorrow from 3 to 5 and to g p. m.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-03-27
HEAVY PENALTY
 IN COURT CASE
North Main Street Resi- dent Gets Fine of $35,
 30 Days in Jail

Solmon Baker, 50, 483 North Main street, was fined $35 and sentenced to 30 days in jail on charges Of breach of the peace and intoxica- tion after his case was heard before Judge Charles R. Summa in City Court this morning.
 John Hansinger, B Putnam street, testified that the accused struck him for no apparent reason on North Square last night. Baker, who Prosecutor Albert w. Hummel said had long record, denied the charges.
 Fred Drexel, AZ, Berkeley, Conn.,, was given a continuance to April 10 on charges of violating the city sanitary code, on condition he see that repairs are made on his prop erty at 433 Wolcott street. James Walker, city plumbing inspector, and Thomas Murphy, inspector for the board of health, testified that there had been no water for sani- tary purposes there since Dec. 23.
 Roosevelt Blanchard, 32, A Vine street, was fined $20 on charges of speeding and passing a red light. Motor Patrolman John Deeley said he clocked Blanchard at AZ miles per hour on East Main street Mon- day night. Blanchard said he was doing 20 and appealed to Common Pleas court.
 Other cases: Angelo V. Santucci 16, 24 Bennett street, road rules violation, nolled for $6; George Stanton, 38, 541 WatertoWn avenue road rules violation, discharged AuguRtus Poole, 36 90 Meadow street, intoxication and breach o1 the peace, continued to April 24; Frank Hochon, 40, 82 Giles street assault and breach of the peace continued to April "A; Walter Duff ney, 20, 344 Wilson street. assault and breach of the peace, nolled; Samuel A. Lietz, 52, 170 Fulton Park avenue, Hyman Ross, AS, 71 Wentworth street, road rules viola tions, nolled for $6 in each case; Robert Morrison, 30, 20 Knoll street dumping rubbish. nolled; James Stafford, 29, B Spark street, Bosey Jones 49, 84 Canal street, parking violations, $5 bonds called.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-03-27
SUPREME COURT
 RULING STUDIED
Confession Obtained By Coercion Ruled Out in
 Brooklyn Trial

waterb,Irians who hive been fol- lowing the Zukauskas murder case today expressed interest in a decis- ion of the U. s. Supreme Court Tn which a first degree murder con. viction was reversed on the ground the accused had been coerced into making a confession.
 The decision of the high court, handed down today, held that the confession of Morris Malinski of Brooklyn, convicted for first degree murder in the hold-up staying ol a patrolman at Coney Island in 194l, had been coerced.
 Francis Zukauskas, former super numerary policeman who was sem tenced to death for the staying o1 Mrs. Stephanie Plungis, claimed during the 10-day trial in superior court here that his confession was forced from him, by mental torture. The court, however, admitted the confession as evidence, and 1t is believed that admission may be one of the main points in the condenn- ned mans appeal to the State Su- preme court of Errors.
 In the Brooklyn case, the high court of the nation affirmed a conviction of another accused, Sudney Rudish, but remanded the case to a New York Court of App peals for further hearing.
 In the Zukauskas trial, however, the accused in statement from the stand said he had made his statements to the coroner voluntar- ily, and the confession was admit ted soon after his comment.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-03-27
Feast Of Passover
 Starts Wednesday
Origin of Festival Reaches Back Many Centuries
 Home Ceremony Ushers in Celebration

in the triumph of liberty and free dom over oppression and slavery.
 The festival of Pesach was used by the synagogue as a means of consecrating the Jewish home to God, as the Redeemer and Protector of Israel. The story of the deliver ence of their forefathers from bondage and slavery reminded the Jews of Gods providential guid- ance and gave them confidence in their final redemption from all op- precision and woe.
 The Passover feast endowed the Jew ever anew with endurance dur ing the dark night of bigotry. This trust in the Keeper of Israel" who slumbereth not nor sleepeth, sus- tained the Jews during the severest hardships. Upheld by the confident hope that Israel's redemption opened the gateway of liberty to all who are oppressed. Passover came to be regarded as the festival of liberty for all mankind.
 During the Passover week the "Matzoth," unleavened bread, ia eaten. This food, described as the bread of affliction," is symbol reminding the present generation of the nasty Exodus of Israel from the land of oppression.
 The feast of Passover is ushered in with a home ceremony, the "Seder," held on the eve of Pass over All members of the family participate in its observance. The ritual of the Seder includes the reading of the dramatic tale o1 deliverance, "The Haggadah, wherein the various events leading up to the Exodus and immediately following are told.
 The "Seder" celebration radiate! an exurberant spirit of thankful ness and joy, and the hopeful out look for the final triumph of free dow for all mankind.