davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-05-26
No Rear Troops,
But Front Line
Fighters Loeb
Rivalry Between
Whites, Negroes
Speeds Up Work
By CHARLES H. LOEB

BY CHARLES H. LOEB
(NNPA War Correspondent Loeb
interviews Major General Hugh j.
Casey, Chief Engineer, Generai
HEADQUARTERS, Southwest Pacific
Arear)
MANILA Major General Hugh
J. Casey, Chief Engineer, General
Headquarters, Southwest Pacific
area, refused point blank to make
comparison between white ana
colored troops in his C O p OF
scrapping, building, fighting engi-
neers.
"They've all engineers and they've
all done a damn good job" was his
instant reply to my query. "They
h worked around the clock,
around the week, fighting all the
way to clear the way for our forces
from Port Morseby to the Philip
pines"
NATIVE OF BROOKLYN
The General, native OF Brook
ly, N. Y, and a West Pointer, won
his two stars on February 20, 1914
and was appointed Chief Engineer
for the Southwest Pacific Area In
February 1915. He is authorized to
wear the Distinguished Service
Medal, Bronze Star Medal, Distin-
guished Service Cross. Distinguish
ed Marksman and Distinguished
Pistol Shot.
AS Commanding General, Army
Service Command, on Philippine
Operations from August 1914 to
February 1915, he has been able
to watch at close hand the work OF
thousands of Negro Engineers. He
talks pridefully of their accom-
plishmentA
During the opening phases OF the
Pacific Campaign Negro Engineer
troops represented about SO per
cent of such troops. The 91st and
96th General Service regiments,
both of whom are recipients Of the
coveted Presidential citation, were
the first American ground troops
to land in the Southwest Pacific
Under almost constant bombing
and strafing, they performed THEN
varied tasks above and beyond the
call of duty.
RIGHT UP FRONT
Engineers are no rear echelon
troops, and Negro engineer troops
are engineer troops, not labor bat
talions. They're right up there
where the action is blazing, repair
1 n g bridges, readying captured
strips within hours of their seizure
from the enemy, trucking vital ma
terial and supplies to the front
line troops, providing purified wa
ter which must be trucked up tc
the front lines to the infantry and
artillery.
Engineers on LtIzon have wrought
miracles in restoring the bridges,
roads and harbors. Traffic is NOV
ing on ciled wheels over rail and
road from Lingayen Gulf 70 raw
aged Manila Plans for a new Ma
Mia are already In the making.
Engineer troops, about 40 per
cent of them Negroes. have put the
famous Manila Pier z, large enough
to accommodate both the Queen
Mary and the Normandy, in opera
ton. On April LIST the pier had been
receiving and discharging war ma
terials for three weeks. Engineer
troops are assisting in the tremen-
dous task of clearing the harbor
of the more than 500 Jap ships of
all descriptions that clutter up the
navigable channels.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
|. Failure to Invade
England

Hitler's first military setback oc-
CURED when, after the collapse of
France, England did not capitulate.
According to Col. Gen. Jodl. chief OF
the operations staff of the German
high command, the campaign in
France had been undertaken be-
cause it was estimated that with the
fall of France, England would not
continue to fight.
The Unexpectedly swift victory
over France and Great Britain S
continuation of the war found the
general staff unprepared for an
invasion of England Although the
armistice with France was conclud-
ed on June %, 1910, no orders to
prepare for the invasion of Britain
were issued prior to July 2. Field
Marshal KesSelring stated that he
urged the invasion since it general
ly was believed in Germany that
England was in critical condition.
Field Marshal Keitel, chief of
staff of German armed forces, how
ever, stated that the risk was
thought to be the existence of the
British fleet. He said the army was
ready but the air force was limited
by weather, the navy very dubious.
Meanwhile, in the air blitz over
England the German Air Force had
suffered irreparable losses from
which its bombardment arm never
recovered.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
z. The Campaign of le4l
in the Soviet Union

In the autumn of 1941 after
the battle of Vysma, the Ger
mans stood exhausted but ap-
parently victorious before Moscow
According to Jodl, the general staff
of the armed forces considered that
one last energtic push would be
sufficient to finish the Soviets. The
German high command had neither
envisioned nor planned for a winter
campaign. A sudden change in the
weather brought disaster. The Red
Army defense. terrific snowstorm,
and extremely unreasonable cold in
the Christmas week of 1941 precipi-
tated the strategic defeat of the
German armed forces.
Hitler Grows Impatient.
Impatient of all restraint, Hitler
publicly announced he had more
faith in his own intuition than in
the Judgment of his military ad-
visers. He relieved the commander
in chief of the army, Gen. Won
Brauschitsch. 1t was the turning
point of the war.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
3. StoIinerod

Even after the reverse before Mos
COW in 1941, Germany might have
avoided defeat had it not been for the
campaign in 1912 which eliminated
in the disaster at Stalingrad. Disre-
garding the military lessons of his
tory, Hitler, instead of attacking
the Soviet Armies massed in the
north, personally planned and di-
reeted a campaign of which the i'm
mediate objectives were to deprive
the Soviet Union of her vital in
dustries and raw materials by cut
ting the Volga at Stalingrad and
Seizing the Caucasian oil fields
Beyond these concrete objectives
was evidently the Napoleonic dream
of a conquest of the Middle East and
India by a gigantic double envelop-
ment with one pincer descending
from the Caucasus through Tiflis ano
the other from North Africa across
Egypt, Palestine, and the Arabian
desert. ,r
Inc campaign collapsed before
Stalingrad with the magnificent
Russian defense of that city and in
the northern foothills of the Cau-
casus, where a breakdown of German
transport to the front left the Ger
man armor stalled for three weeks
for lack of fuel in the critical sum-
mer months of 1912. Field Marshal
Keitel, in reviewing this campaign
remarks that Germany failed COM
pletely to estimate properly the re-
serve of Russian industrial and pro-
ductive power east of the Urals
The statement of both Keitel and
Jodl is that neither was in favor
of the Stalingrad campaign, but
that the recommendations of the
high command we're overruled by
Adolf Hitler.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
a. Invasion of North
Africa

Allied landings in North Africa
came as surprise to the German
high command. Field Marshal Kes-
selring, who, at the time, was COM
manding all German forces in the
Mediterranean except Rommel's
desert task force, states that his
headquarters did expect landing
and had requested reinforcement by
division. However. Kesselring s
fears were not needed by Hitler ano
Goering. Allied security and de-
ception measures for the landing
operations were found to have beer
highly effective.
Only when the Allied fleets and
conveys were streaming through the
Straits of Gibraltar did the Ger
mans realize something very spe-
Evening star., 1945-10-10
7. The Crossing of the
Rhine

Even after the failure of the Ger
man counterofensive in the Ar
dennes, the Germans believed the
Rhine line could be held. The loss
of the Remagen bridge, however,
exploded this hope. The entire
Rhine defensive line had to be
weakened in the attempt to con-
tain the bridgehead, and the dis
orderly German retreat in the Saar
and Palatinate rendered easy the
subsequent drive eastward of the
Allied armies toward Hamburg
Leipzig and Munich.
Not only were the European part
ners of the Axis unable to co-or-
dinate their plans and resources
and agree within their own ma
tions how best to proceed, but the
eastern partner, Japan, was work.
ing in even greater discord. The
Axis, as a matter of fact, existed
on paper only. Eager to capitalize
on the preoccupation of the western
powers in Europe, Japan was SO
greedy for her own immediate con-
quests that. she laid her strategy
not to help Germany defeat Russia
and Great Britain, but to accumu-
late her own profit. Had the way
been open Germany and Japan
would have undoubtedly joined their
armies in Central Asia, but to Japan
this objective was secondary to
looting the Far East while there
was no real force to stop her. The
War Department general staff's
analysis of Japanese objectives fol-
lows:
The Japanese, for many years
bolstered by a fanatical belief ir
divine guidance and their owr
spiritual and military supremacy
had planned the domination o1
the Far East and eventually the
world. Japan in her inland empire
was not self-sufficient. She re.
quired broader land areas and ac-
cess to oil, rubber and other raw
materials if she were to become 9
major industrial world power. This
principle of expansion was outlined
in the 'Tanaka Memorial" pur.
portedly secret memorandum pre-
pared for Hirohito by the JAP
Premier in 1927. Authentic or not
it provided the pattern which Japan
has followed, eliminating in the
great Pacific conflict.
Strategically, Japan was well
poised in 1941 to carry out her aims
in Asia. All the major world powers
which normally maintained the
status quo in Asia were absorbed
in the war in Europe. France had
been overrun and eliminated. Eng
land was threatened by German
Evening star., 1945-10-10
6. The Ardennes
Counteroffensive

The German offensive in Decem-
ber, 1914, was Hitler's personal con-
ception. According to Jodl, the OBJ
jective of the attack was antwerp.
1t was hoped that overcast weather
would neutralize Allied air superior
ity, and that an exceptionally rapid
initial break-through could be
achieved. Other German officers be-
lieve that this operation was reck-
less in the extreme, in that it ir-
reparably damaged the compare
lively fresh armored divisions of the
9Th Panzer Army, the principal ele-
ment of Germany's strategic re-
serve, at a moment when every
available reserve was needed to
repulse the expected Soviet attack
in the east.
Evening star., 1945-10-10

ing is OF greater Importance. in my
opinion.
Nothing will contribute more to
an understanding of the needs of
future security than a clear under
standing of what has occurred in
this war, the strategic decisions, the
reasons for them, and the opera
tions by which they were executed.
The press and radio have given the
American people a thorough day.
by-day account of the progress Of
the war within the limitations of
necessary security; never before
have the details of military cam
pai2ns been so quickly, so accur-
ately, and so completely reported.
Yet because of the very bulk of the
information plus the blank spots of
essential secrecy it has been difficult
for the public to place the develop
ments IN their proper perspective.
1t now becomes possible to examine
them in retrospect with an emphasis
more nearly approaching that which
history Is likely to give them.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
5. The invasion of France

All German headquarters expected
the Allied invasion of France. Ac-
cording to Col. Gen. Jodl, both the
general direction and the strength of
the initial assault in Normandy
were correctly estimated; but Field
Marshal Keitel states the Germans
were not sure exactly where the
Allies would strike and considered
Brittany as more probable because
of the three major U-boat bases
located In that region. Both agree
that the belief of the German high
command that second assault
would be launched, probably by an
army under Gen. Patton, held large
German forces in the Pas de Calais
area Both Keitel and Jodl believed
the invasion could be repulsed or at
worst contained, and both named
the Allied air arm as the decisive
factor in the German failure.
Prior to the invasion, important
Emergencies of opinion developed
between Field Marshal Won Rund-
Stedt, commander in chief in the
west, and Rommel, commander of
the threatened army group. Rund-
stedt desired to hold his armored
forces in group around Paris and
in Eastern France; Rommel to push
them forward to positions in readi-
ness close to the coast. The Rom
mel view prevailed. Won Rundstedt
was subsequently relieved by Col
Gen. Won Kluge.
Dissension Among Germans.
Soon after the Allied capture of
Cherbourg, diSsension again broke
out in the high command Won
Kluge and Rommel wished to evac-
uate all Southwestern France, block
ing or destroying its usable ports.
They believed a continuation of the
fight in Normandy could only end
with the destruction of their west
ern armies and that they should
withdraw before disintegration be-
gan. Won Kluge recommended de-
fenSe on the ground line: Lower
Seine is-Fontainebleau Massif
Central.
Hitler refused to accept this
recommendation, relieved Kluge
from command, and reappointed
Won Rundstedt as commander in
chief in the west. Under direct in
structions, Rundstedt continued the
battle of Normandy to its final de-
nouement. Hitler himself ordered
the Avranches-Mo counterat-
tack and was much surprised when
it completely failed. Keitel expresses
further surprise at the audaeious
exploitation of the American break
through at sAvranches during this
counterattack, and particularly of
the thrust toward Brest.
Evening star., 1945-10-10

temptation to the strong, particu-
larly to the bully who schemes for
wealth and power.
We must, If we are to realize the
hopes we may now dare have for
lasting peace. enforce our will for
peace with strength. We must make
it clear to the potential gangsters
of the world that If they dare break
our peace they will do so at their
peril.
Destiny Lies in Security.
This Nations destiny clearly lies
In a sound permanent security
policy. In the War Departments
proposals there are two essentials:
"a Intense scientific research and
development; 90 a permanent
peacetime citizen army. 1 will dis
cuss these essentials in detail later
in this report. The Importance of
scientific research is the most OBJ
vious to the civilian, but the i'm
portance of peacetime citizen army
based on universal military train
Evening star., 1945-10-10

cial was under way. and even then
false conclusions were drawn Either
that the Allies intended to land in
rear of Rommel in the Middle East,
or that these were British REIN
foreements en- route to the Far East,
or supplies for starving Malta. Since
no advance preparations had been
made by the Germans to repel such
an Allied invasion of North Africa,
all subsequent efforts to counter
the Allies suffered from hasty i'm
provisation. Defense continued
however, because, as Field Marshal
Keitel now states, since evacuation
was impossible, the Germans had
only the choice of resisting or sur
rendering.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
Gen. Marsha Victory Report and Proposals for Future Defens

The tert of the Introduction MarshaHs report
Secretary ooDS. report period
from July, 1913, 30, 1915.
Evening star., 1945-10-10
Strength Essential to Maintain
Peace, Chief of Staff SAYS

Partial tert OF Gen. MarshaUs conclusions under the
title of "For the Common Defense" folLoWs
Evening star., 1945-10-10
Danger From, the Air.

All these weapons and their pos
sible combinations make the air
approaches of a country the points
Of extreme danger. Many Ameri-
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
Junior Women Get
Reports On Work

The regular monthly meeting If
the Junior Woman's Club was held
Wednesday night with the president.
Mrs. Rhonda Elrod, presiding. Tn,
meeting opened with the Junior
ple52c and was followed by the re-
ports Of the secretary and treasurer.
Outstanding yearly reports were
given by the various departments.
Club members discussed work t. be
done at the service center and Coop
cr'S Hall. AT the request of &. C..
Wells, chairman of the clothing
drive, the club will assist i'm tac
collection Of clothing. Il wa, agreed
that the club would sponsor the
cancer control program. of which
Fred S. Register, is county chair
man.
Miss Dorothy Wcstcr gave CLUB
clippings.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
EIGHTH GRADE ROOM
is CLEANUP WINNER

The eighth grade home room Of
/. il. Harrison, at Henderson high
chooI. was winner Of the cleanup
campaign ending this month, it was
.enounccd today. The campaign is
sponsored by the Student Council
and members of the council inspect
home rooms several times during
the month. A new campaign will be
gin Immediately and the home rooms
will again be in competition for the
Glue and white banner which statg'
that the home room is the best-kcpt
room in the school.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20

Star for heroic achievement, accord
ing to information received from
overseas today. The citation accom-
panying the award read as follows.
In the face of an intense hostile
artillery, macnIne-gun and small
arms barrage. Pvt. VanDvkc cour-
agcously advanced over exposed
terrain upon the firmly entrenchcd
enemy and, with rapij and accurate
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20

rifle fire, assisted in siIcncing The
German strong points. Pvt. Van
Dykes heroic and aggressive actions
enabled his organization TO capture
a strategically important objective.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20

Mrs. j. y. Cree, Jr., Of Richmond.
Va, is the weekend guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. J. a. Cree, ST., at their home
ON Charles street.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
4 4 K X 4 +
4 WITH THE COLORS X


Pfc. J. a. Cree, Jr., was awarded
the Purple Heart for wounds re-
eciVed while serving with the First
Army, in Germany, his parents, Mr..
AID Mrs. j. a. Cree. have been mott
led. He has now recovered and has
ECiCincd his unit.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
ROBERT Van DYKE
GETS BRONZE STAR

Pie. Robert L. VanDykc, Of route
four, son Of Mrs. CIvde VanDykc.
recently was awarded the Bronze
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
Visited in Raleigh.

Mr.. and Mrs, a. b. Faulkner spent
yesterday IN Raleigh.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
TEACH SHEEP SHEARI\G.

College Station. Raleigh. April 20.
-Four sheep Shcaring schols To- teach
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20
Go to PENNSYLVANIA

; Mr.. and Mrs. d. l.. Mcintyre hay,
gone to Chester, Pennsylvania.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-04-20

IOE HeinS-BBy IUI MOref
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-13
lsrsirs hiehissr
Nssh-KsIvns'of Corr. Plant
iplsncor l77

Approx 1919 acres parcels Factory
building No. g.. story brick and steel
construction spriuki----i 100 al0 81 n
FACTORY hulldiax No - 3 story brick
aud steel construction sprinklered N
JOINS 40. ~ 3lj. Gn0 SCI r. Binding
No a. 3Storv brick construction.
sprinklered 4 SG6 81 n Buildings ma
chinerv aud equipment designed 10 uro
duce aircraft propellerS Machine tools
and other production equipment Labor
story and testing qnipment Furniture.
and fixtures. Complete utilities MiChi
gan Central n spur.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-13

the shot in bit better form had
he wiggled his feet around in the
sand little and anchored them
in the hard sand rather than on
the surface sand.
Otherwise he has swung well
and as his clu h N ead passed
through and after the ball his
weight smoothly shifted TO his
loft leg and his shoulders are
pivoting nicely for shot of this
type.
And don't fail 10 notice he is
keeping his club moving in a full
and complete follow through. He
didn't let the clubhead die in the
sand and he did not quit at inn
pact W h c h Is the reason why
many high handicap golfers are
high handicap golfers.
Never let the fact that a wall
looms in front worry you when
you're shooting from sand Nap.
The loft Of the club-face Is de-
signed 10 take care Of all that
Forget all about that wall Swing
confidently, smoothly and finish
the swing
protected BY John '. Dill, Col
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-13
How Troops
Come Home

Troopships arriving in u. s.
home ports today included the
following:
AT NEW YORk-Marine Angel,
from Marseille. 2.462 troops inc.
Sl7th med. air evac. sqdn., 932d sig.
bn.. 557th qm. railhead Co. 32d
gen. hosp, sgd f. A. bn. 3S32d
ON truck CO William and Mary
Victory previously listed as due
next Sunday. from Havre. l.94S
troops inc. 395th. 396th and 397th
+. a. bnS. of 18th armd. div Al
fred Moore previously expected
Sunday, from Naples. 675 misc.
troops. Jonathan Grout.
Livorno, 763 misc. troops Andrew
Moore, from Livorno, TAP misc.
troops.
At NEWPORT SEWS-Tor-
rens. departure point unspecified
2,034 troops inc. 18th cav. rec,
Sqdn. mech. 5Sth saw. Diet, 671st
bomb sqdn. l., 448th sig. bn. hwy.
const. avn. 3S6th NJ. p. serv. bn.
Mount Vernon, departure point Hn-
specified, 6.025 troops inc 9th
armd. div. hq.. hq. CO.. and no.
btry. 14th tank bn., 27th. SD and
Goth armd. inf. bsns., 10th armd.
div. trains no and no CO.. 9th
armd. eng bn., seth cav. rec. sqdn.,
o09th cic Diet.
Gen Meigs. from Marselle, 5,09l
troops inc 4l76th. 4191st 3214th
and 325lst qm. serv. cos. ID and
50th gen hoSps.. 1920 and 4011th
qm. truck cos, 509th, 52Sth and
537th eng. cos. 129Sth and l359th
avn. NJ. p. cos, S09th. SS5th and
906th air eng. sqdns.. and 800
nurses. Carrillo, from Naples, y
misc. troops.
At BOSTON-George w. Goe-
thals. from Marseille. 1900 troops
inc 2lSth avn. med. dispo 951St
F. A. bn. with medics. 176th avn.
ord met. auto matint. platoon,
Tooth air materials sqdn. 59th Sc.
aircraft warning deg, 573d bomb
Sqdn., minus fight echelon, Cad
chem depot co VI. I. 7. Victory,
from Havrc 1895 troops inc. 10th
armd. inf bn. inc. 5th armd. div.
medlcs, 22d armd. eng. bn. with
.oth armd div needles.
At OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
chos koundouriotis. from Naples.
81 misc. troops. Bulckcrude, from
Antwerp. rs misc. troops
At SAN FRANCISCO-Navy
transport EIdorado, 947 service
men; three LISTS, 53S army and
navy personnel.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-13

FRUITS-Aprles Mcintosh, NO. - -
: up G 9S SS"'' No. 81 81 ba., SNOW
No. s4S4 Assn NJ wealthy, 80. J,
;ts4 - ses Sq C %2t sa s IS ba
ST 5oa2 Ci,rons 10 ] 50 hu Prunes. No
so92 s8 6a W nae! ;.9Ss 70 su
No. / 50 S0a 2 bu Elbertas. fancy, - NJ
VEGETABLE GREEEs-cabesgs 10 !
Ksie no / 7ScaSi hu Mustard Greens
10 / siq 50 bg spinach No 30 1 - 81 as; 2as
chard No Soa75c ba Tunip Greens
NJ L.Er1r1SccFF AID AZ ~ SALAD GREENs-celery
S1sS's; ss 10 Sa No ''9S % 81 ls5, G
No 7scaSi bu Leaf lettuce No
: sae 10. head lettuce 80 / sl.2'el'7s
vEGETABIES misc Beans. Green, No.
s3s3,T0 ou kenlncN Wonder. 20 80 /
p0c dor bchs No / 6Sa75c topped. No
81 2Sa $50 bu Broccoli! No l. sig
sc SO = oq c"h5sse any rs s 6a 20 Sn,ly
No /. s1@i 7s bu Carrots. punched. fancy,
s5c dor bchs No ! 6s@75c topped
noScr fancy si7S bu' No l. 81 asa 50
Celery fancy. 81 IS do7 bchs 10.
500 zoe Celery Root No. sisi2S doz
SACK cucumbers. slicers. fancy. So bu No J.
50 5oGs Dnls. No. / s4ss bu medium,
No 1 ss4sS su pill' 10. a i so4sse d 10,
Fennsl. NO 81 50 doz bchs Horsersdish.
No ] 81 75@225 peck basket Kohlrabi
No I, 75c@ti doz, bchs, Lecks No /.
Si6l25 dor bchs Green onions fancy
$ \ 20 doz ochs No. ! 7te,asl. dry
ruiouy fancy ~ o. 5O-lb. sack No
Si.15a2 onion sets white No. i large,
s. Sob sack medium IS small. 50.
Parsley. curly, No 1, 50a75c doi bchs.
Parsley Root No. / COARSE dor bchs.
Psrsnips 10. 81 25ei so 4, nu Peppers.
Cayenne No. ] 75a 9oc peck basket green.
No I tlal2S hu No l. slai so bu;
No si7ss2 as bu Potatoes. ,spcy, 81
oo-ih, sick Nh I 81 5oa265 Pumpkins,
70 7Seasi eu Radishes. red. No
Sl@i Is dor bchS Long white. No
81 "a ! dnz hchs Ruisbsgss No 1 81 TSa
? IN Rhubarb. No. 6Oa7Sc doz hchs.
sauAsh-- Hubbard No s2Saif5 hi
Delicious 80 ! 81 7ssI.7s bu Table
Tomatoes No Slai7 IS l4-lh basket
S2G2 u pa Green tons'ocs No. I Sid
7 so IN Turnips punched No I 6SBaoc
dof bchs topped fancy - IN NJ
81 2su so Vegetable oysters. M. I 81 so
dor hchf
FGGS-FXtfs large Sl7a7 7O-doz case
large siss9 medium, S1SS7