davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-22
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

His own countrymen, the Croatians,
are becoming hostile to the new regime
because it offers fewer guarantees of
freedom than they possessed under the
prewar Belgrade regime. The whole
sale executions throughout the confed-
Grated kingdom, while little publicized
because of censorship, have discouraged
the rank and file of the citizens, as
has Marshal Titos failure to add non-
Fascist members of the old parliament,
the Skuptchina, to his legislative as
sembly.
In order to rally the country behind
him, Tito decided to occupy Trieste,
Venezia Guilia and Carinthia. He
hoped that large territorial expansion
would appeal to the chauvinistic spirit
of his new subjects and would improve
materially his prestige and the hold
he expects to have on the country.
Whether Tito consulted Premier
Stain before taking this step is one of
those puzzles which American and Brit
ish diplomats cannot solve at present.
The strong notes sent to Belgrade
were communicated to Moscow before
they were presented to the Yugoslav
comment from the Kremlin, which ap-
pears to take the position that the
present conflict is a matter between the
western Allies and the chief of the Yu-
goslav government. King Peter, who
is still nominally the head of Yugo-
slavia, is in London and, of course, is
not consulted, since he has no power
and expects to lose his throne in the
near future.
In the meantime, Tito has been in
directly Informed that he is jeopardiz-
ing the position which he has attained
in dramatic and unexpected manner.
The official notes, while strongly
couched, contained no threat as to his
future.
But there are strong reasons to be-
lieve that he was unofficially informed
that a clash between his forces and
those of the United States and Great
Britain might have serious repercus-
sions. King Peter is being kept in re
serVe' in London and is still being
recognized by the United Nations as
the official ruler of Yugoslavia. Titos
recognition by the Allies was based on
Peters agreement to appoint him as
the interim head of the country, pend
Ing the holding of a plebiscite which
will decide the Yugoslavic form of gov
ernment
But in the event Tito continues his
recalcitrant attitude toward America
and Great Britain, this will not pre-
vent the King of Yugoslavia from
changing his mind
Evening star., 1945-05-22
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO May 22-When
the charter of the United Nations or
ganization for peace has been finally
Written-as now appears sure beyond
any reasonable doubt-Comdr Harold
E. Stassen will be accorded a large
measure of credit for success in this
difficult task. He has played the game
as member Of the United States
team" at this conference. He believes
in team play. Nevertheless, he has car
ried the ball on many an important
occasion, as his colleagues, both in the
United States delegation and in the
delegations of other countries, freely
admit
Comdr. Stassen is the baby" mem
ber of the American delegation in point
of years. But in fact he is a tower
Of strength. He has great intelligence,
force and sincerity. He has clarity of
mind and of expression. None of the
delegates, either American or foreign.
has greater devotion to the cause of
international collaboration He has
been leader in the cause, first ex-
pressing himself forcibly on the issue
when he was Governor of Minnesota,
and holding strongly to it during his
more than two years of service with
Admiral Halsey in the South Pacific.
While he has discarded his Navy uni
form for the period of the conference,
he Is addressed here alternately as
commander" and as governor
since once a Governor, always a Gov
ernor. However, he does in a sense
represent the position of the men of
the armed forces. He knows what they
think about the need of building for
a future peace. He knows what they
have gone through in this war and are
continuing to go through. When he
has finished his work here, he is go
ing back to his duty with the Navy
and will see the war through. His
contribution in the war has been i'm
portant and constructive. But it is at
this international conference he has
made particular mark-for which he
will be remembered.
Upon his shoulders has rested in large
measure the job of writing a new chap
ter of the charter-that on trustee
ships He and his colleagues had to
start from scratch, for Dumbarton Oaks
did not deal with this subject. 1t is a
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Business in Government

Any plan looking toward higher
efficiency in the Government carries
the promise of reduced costs and
consequent benefit to the taxpayer.
For that reason, the proposal ad-
vanced by Representative RamSpeck
for creation of general manager"
to supervise operations in the execu-
tive agencies is worth careful study.
The Georgian. who has been re-
sponsible for much excellent civil
service legislation, wants a really
big man" for the post, who presum-
ably would function in more posi-
tive role than have the Budget
Bureau and the old Bureau of Eff
cheney, and instead of merely recon-
mending improved business proce-
dures, would serve as an agent of the
White House, with authority to put
his ideas into effect
Mr.. Ramspeck believes that in one
direction alone - the reduction of
pdpCl WOlh - AlA4l1AollS SOuAu NC
saved annually.
The proposal obviously has draw
backs. For one thing, it would be
tremendous task for a single individ-
ual with small staff-or even a
sizable force-to keep a check on the
Government as now constituted. 1t
would seem, too, that it would be
difficult to avoid an area of conflict
with the Budget Bureau which pri-
marily controls the purse strings.
And opposition often could be looked
for from the agencies themselves.
These, however, are not insur-
mountable obstacles, and it is in
teresting that the reaction to the
plan of President Truman, who has
shown himself to be economy
minded, is reported to be favorable.
One of the big problems of the
postwar era will be to cut down the
war-swollen Government establish
ment to reasonable proportions, and
this objective will not be attained in
the absence of the efficient use of
manpower. And this in turn is not
to be had when cumbersome operat-
ing procedure exists. S-''----r.-~r',. ,.''-a
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Prospects in China
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

The military situation in China is
taking turn for the better, and it
seems likely that from the strictly
military point of view, the worst may
be over.
The great difficulty has always been
supply. China has been cut off from
her allies by the domination of the
Japanese fleet over all approaches to
her ports, and by the cutting of her
only land line of communications by
the japanese conquest of Burma. But
the domination of the Japanese fleet
over the South China Sea is a thing
of the past; the American advance to
Okinawa likewise threatens to oust the
japanese from the East China Sea;
and Burma-or all Of Burma that mat
ters to Chinese communications-ha
been reconquered.
1t seems likely that the Chinese will
get their first dividends of help from
the land side. The reopening of the
old Burma route by way of the Port
of Rangoon, the Burmese Railway to
Lashio and the famous Burma Road,
will add very greatly to the volume of
supplies entering China. 1t will elm
mate the long roundabout land haul
from Calcutta to Myitkyina, which in
cluded change of railway gauge, a
ferry crossing of the Brahmaputra
River, and the necessity for sharing
the low capacity of the eastern Assam
Railway with the requirements OF the
allied military and air forces which
that line has to serve.
X X
The completion of the task Of liberat-
ing North Burma has also released the
Authenticated Chinese divisions
which were engaged in that campaign,
and has permitted their transfer to
China. The American Mars Force" is
said in dispatches from Burma, to have
disappeared from that area for the past
two months; it would not be surprising
If this force has also been sent to China
to aid in the creation of new Chinese
fighting force of which the divisions
from Burma will form the nucleus, and
which will be supplied over the newly
available lines of communication from
Rangoon.
Thus the Japanese viii have to face
Evening star., 1945-05-22

The Yugoslav situation continues to
be the main worry of American and
British diplomats and military men, In
London there is feeling of disappoint-
ment over the actions of Marshal Tito,
who was created" by Prime Minister
Churchill and strongly supported by
Great Britain and the United States
against Gen. Draja Mikhailovich The
generals loyalty to the Allies-it is now
admitted-was unquestionable.
The possibility of shooting it out with
Tito in Venezia Giulia and Trieste re-
mains strong, unless the Yugoslav
chieftain climbs off his high horse.
The American and British govern
ments are determined not to yield on
the matter Of the right of their forces
to occupy the lines agreed on at Yalta.
The settlement of postwar frontiers in
Europe must be left to the peace con-
ference which will take place sometime
in the future.
Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander
has been given free hand. He has been
instructed to handle the Yugoslav forces
as hostile troops if they attempt to
interfere with the American and British
units which have been dispatched to the
disputed areas in large numbers.
From the military point of view, it
would be suicidal for Marshal Tito to
resist the Allies by force His army
consists principally of men who have
been ''shanghaied" into service and who
have little enthusiasm to fight the
Anglo-Americans. The equipment of
the Yugoslavs is very poor. The bulk
OF the equipment received from Great
Britain and the United States under
lease-lend has been used in the last
lew weeks in mopping-up operations
against the Germans.
The remainder is not sufficient to
carry on war of any length. The
large quantities of German ordnance
captured in Croatia are not adequate
because the available American and
British shells do not fit the German
guns. Thus, prolonged resistance
would not be possible. A guerrilla war
in which the Partisan army excels
would be of no avail The Allies do
not intend to pursue Tito beyond the
lines they intend to occupy in accord
ance with the Yalta agreement,
In diplomatic quarters it was be-
lieved at first that Tito's truculent
attitude was intended principally for
nome consumption. In spite of the
support given him by the Big Three,
reports from American and British OBJ
servers indicate that his popularity is
negligible among the masses The Serbs
are overwhelmingly opposed to him
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Politics in Britain

An important consequence of the
ending of the war in Europe is a
return of Britain to normal political
life This is implicit in the rejection
by the heads of the Labor party of
Prime Minister Winston Churchill's
proposal to extend the present emer-
gency setup alternatively for another
eighteen months or until the close of
the Japanese war, whichever proved
to be the shorter time.
When war came to Britain in Sep
tember, 1889, Conservative gov
ernment was in power as result of
the general elections of November,
1885. In those elections the Con-
servative party had obtained a clear
majority over both the Labor and
-. Liberal parties, Labor being much
the stronger and therefore constitut-
ing the formal opposition. Under
pressure of supreme national
emergency, it was deemed best to
form a wartime coalition govern
ment. So the existing political sit
uation was frozen" for "the dura-
ton" BY gentlemen's agreement,
all three parties pledged themselves
not to contest any by-election due
to Parliamentary vacancy, but to
permit the election of another Con-
servative, Laborite or Liberal, which
ever the previous incumbent might
have been. Meanwhile. the cabinet
was reconstructed to conform to the
triparty nature of the coalition gov
ernment, Labor and Liberal mem
bers being given a fair share of the
portfolios.
Although the party truce has been
loyalty maintained. it's political alb
normality was increasingly felt. A
Parliament elected in 1885, on peace
time issues obviously reflected none
of the changes which had trans
formed the national life. Labor, es-
pecially, wanted a chance to appeal
to the electorate on the issues which
it had most at heart, and became
restive over a situation wherein the
Conservatives inevitably held the
control. The coming of victory in
Europe rendered it certain that the
Labor party would seek free hand
once more.
But, If the Laborites thus prepared
to play partisan politics. so also did
the Conservatives. Mr. Churchill's
Initial proposal to extend the coali-
tion until VI day was, at bottom, an
astute maneuver to maintain po-
1itical status quo from which his
party stood most to profit. That
proposal having been rejected by
Labor, the Conservative tactic ap-i
pears to be an immediate dissolution
of Parliament with elections in July
after the usual brief campaign pc
riod. Laborites criticize this as a
snap" election, capitalizing on pop
ular enthusiasm over the close of
fighting in Europe, and would prefer
an election in the autumn. But. of
course, they cannot block a dissolu-
ton II the Conservative majority
decides that way. So it looks as
though Britain's ten-year Parlia-
ment, the longest on history save the
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Thut Is the Enemy
From the Quebec LEvenement-Journal.

from the Quebec LEvenement-Journal.
We cannot organize too well an intense
and constant campaign against the
scourge of imitation. that economic phe-
nomenon which constitutes a sort of
highest bidding for the necessities of
life. The danger survives through war
periods when people have much money
to dispose of and the domestic market
Is practically swept bare, or in those
periods of transition after the war when
the needs of recuperation are more i'm
perative and the most essential mer-
chandise is lacking. A sort of balanced
condition is established which lifts to
exaggerated heights the few articles the
merchants have to offer That is the
critical situation that must be foreseen
and that is why the Quebec Society for
Adult Education is undertaking very
praiseworthy task in sponsoring the
publication of an explanatory pamphlet
entitled "Iniation-That Is the Enemy"
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Finds Faith in Poetry

To the Editor of The Star:
AS your publication reflects high
standard Of Journalism in most regards
and seems not to play to the baser pas
sions of mankind Gas most politicians
and corrupt businessmen do), am
sending this little thought, taken from
Holy Writ, which hope you will pub
lish, as there be many in the world, or
rather, America, who will see and, I
hope, profit by it:
In the Book of Isaiah, Old Testament,
we find written in the 30th chapter, 29th
verse, "Ye shall have song, as in the
night, when q holy solemnity is kept;
and gladness of heart, as when one
goeth with pipe to come to the noun
tain of the Lord, to the mighty one of
Israel"
Can one read such writing. replete
with poetic beauty, and not believe in
God almighty, most high and most
holy. the master poet?
RALPH ELLSWORTH HINMAN
Evening star., 1945-05-22

conditions which they have not for some
years had to reckon with in China
American-traine Chinese troops in
considerable numbers, supplied with in
cyeasing quantities of American weapons
and equipment, and supported by an
air force to which the full capacity of
the India China air supply route can
now be devoted. 1t is not to be sup
posed that the capacity of these various
supply lines will be sufficient to defeat
the whole japanese Army in China, but
it can at least be expected that the
Chinese will, under these conditions, be
able to build up their power south of
the Yangtze River, where the Japanese
supply difficulties are at least as great
as their own.
Over on the coast, meanwhile, the
Chinese have succeeded in recapturing
the important port of Foochow, and are
now engaged in operations which seem
to have the objective of clearing the
Japanese from the estuary of the Min
River, the sea approach to the port.
The inland communications of Foochow
are very poor-a single second-class
mountain road is its only route into
the interior-but it is suggestive that
the Chinese have been able to regain
the port, and it may we'll be that they
will make an effort to get hold of other
ports as well, such as Annoy and Swatow.
While none of these ports would be
very useful as major invasion bases,
because of their mountainous hinter-
land they would form excellent centers
OF support for guerrilla activities If
American ships from Luzon could enter
them with arms and supplies, and If so
used they might begin to build up Chi
nese control of Fukien and Kiangsi
Provinces which would threaten the Jap
anese-held railway lines from the east
while organized Chinese armies drive
upon them from the west.
The net result of the permanent cut
ting of the railways must be the wiping
out Of the Japanese troops along the
south coast and the re- establishment OF
Chinese authority over the whole area
south Of the Yangtze River.
(copyrisht. lg4B.)
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Spare That Fountain!

II Senator DoWney or California
insists on sicking the United States
Senate on "monstrosities of art" in
Washington, he should take on
something the Senate's own size,
say the old Postofflce Building, or
the Pension .Of1ce. Why pick on an
innocent little monstrosity like the
Temperance Fountain" at Seventh
street and Pennsylvania avenue? For
one thing, the Senator's dictum is
debatable. Even if the fountain was
monstrosity in the beginning, its
sixty-seven years of public service
have removed it from that category
and clothed it with the dignity of
an antiquity. The fountain was
erected over an arteSian we'll and
in the old days more than one dusty
Senator paused there on his way to
glory on the Hill and drank from the
iron dipper, chained to the wall.
The dipper, that is, was chained to
the wall. When germs became a
popular fad, the dipper was re-
moved and the fountain was con-
nected with the cityS water system.
Some years back The Star reported
a graceful gesture by the Sons of
Jonadab in arranging with the Com
miSSioners, one hot summer, to
supply ice for the water. If the
Senator objects to the sentiment
which the donor of the memorial,
a Californian, wished to perpetuate
-temperance-let him remember
the multitudes, who, through the
years, have bowed gratefully over it's
bubbling water on grim morning,
resolved never again to forget that
word, inscribed appropriately with
faith hope" and charity" on the
four sides of the structure. With
the San Francisco Conference at
one end of the country and the old
Temperance Fountain commemorate
ing one of her sons at Seventh and
the Avenue, California is doing all
right, Senator. Why rock the boat?
Evening star., 1945-05-22

or to friendly shore for operations
in nearby territories" In either
case, the task is perilous. Correla-
lively, 1t merits and deserves appre-
citation. The boys and men of the
maritime service do not ask to be
thanked. All that they expect Is
their own fair share of the credit
for saving freedom. If their share
be large, on that very account it
should be granted generously.
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Old Farmers Burial

There tDere no n,ourners that dark day
Who sa,o his body laid a,Day
But guessed strange unlocked TOR
thing:
HotD needless tudS their sorrotping;
But understood In that last pause
Ho,D fitting and hop right it ,oas
That he, ,0ho lifelong loUed St1e .earth,
Nnrsed her through plaques, through
giping birth,
Nom had his triumph to begin
With enrth's dark door to let him In
To shelter him from mind and toeather:
He and the earth-dt last together.
ETHEL BARNETT DE VITO.
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Dubious Divorces

The Supreme Courts latest pro-
nouncement on the subject of di-
vorce flashes clear warning signal
to persons bent upon quick and easy
dissolution of their marriages.
1t would be unwise to draw sweep
ing conclusions from the courts
opinion, for it is hedged about with
qualifications which make it diff
ficult to generalize as to when
"quickie" divorces are good and
when they are worthless. But it is
plain enough that in some circum-
stances divorces of this character
are not worth the paper they are
written on.
In the case at hand the court was
asked, for the second time, to deter
mine the legality of North Carolina
bigamy conviction. The man and
woman involved had gone from
North Carolina to Nevada to divorce
their respective spouses. They lived
in trailer camp in the latter State
for six weeks, filed suits through the
same lawyer and obtained Nevada
divorces on inconsequential grounds.
They were then married in Nevada
and went back to North Carolina,
where they were tried and convicted
of bigamy under State law.
The Supreme Court first set this
conviction aside on the rather mar
row ground that, since the Nevada
domicile had not been challenged in
North Carolina, its validity had to be
assumed in the circumstances sur
rounding the appeal. After this rul-
ing the North Carolina authorities
again tried the parties for bigamy,
the Nevada domicile was attacked
and held to be sham. and the man
and woman were convicted for the
second time. This is the conviction
which has now been upheld in the
Supreme Court, the reasoning of the
majority being roughly as follows:
The man and woman never intended
to give up their North Carolina DOM
icle. Hence, they were not domiciled
in Nevada. the courts of that State
did not have binding jurisdiction in
the case. and could not award a
divorce decree which North Carolina,
desiring to protect the institution of
marriage within its borders. was
compelled to recognize under the
full faith and credit clause of the
Constitution. In other words, while
the divorce may have been good in
Nevada, it was worthless in North
Carolina. and the parties. having
lived in the latter State as man and
wife, can now be sent to jail as
bigamists.
What the enunciation OF this rule
by the court may imply for millions
of other divorced persons is difficult
to determine. Justice Black, dissent
ing, said that the courts opinion
"casts cloud over the lives of
(oulAGACoS llutllbClS VI VIC ItlulGltuuc
OF divorced persons In the United
States" Statistics indicate that there
are between, four and five million
people in this country who have
obtained uncontested divorces. And
Justice Black says that not one of
this group "can now retain any feel
ing of security in his divorce decree"
Other members of the court made
it clear that they did not share these
apprehensions. But in the present
confused state of our laws on this
subject those DEGREES which have
come to be Jumped under the gen.
eral heading of Reno divorces" are
dubious affairs. They should be
plainly labeled: Let the buyer
beware"
Evening star., 1945-05-22
Progress Note
From the Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital.
Chemurgic research is only beginning
in Nebraska. and the same is true of
Kansas. But the entire Midwest has
awakened to the need for farm-related
industries, and any success scored
whether it is found in Kansas or Ne
braka, or anywhere else in the region
will aid this entire agricultural belt.
Evening star., 1945-05-22

Those critics who imagine the
younger generation to be headed for
perdition will be disturbed to hear
that the average CT Joe, when asked
the first thing he would do when he
returned home, replied: "Ask for a
glass of milk"
Evening star., 1945-05-22

The difference between American
commanders and those of some
other countries was we'll summarized
by U. S. Grant when he told Bis
marck at Potsdam In 1879: II am
more of farmer than a soldier. I
take little or no interest in military
affairs"
Evening star., 1945-05-22

famous Long Parliament" of the
seventeenth century, is on its way
out, and that the British electorate
will have its first chance in decade
to register its decision at the polls.
Evening star., 1945-05-22

The Bard of Avon has phrase for
everything. He anticipated the
revelation Of German atrocities in
1945 by writing in "Othello" in 1904:
"On horrors head horrors accumu-
late"