davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-08

countries to support the Turks when
Russia was fighting on our side in
the Far East. Nobody would have
suggested or approved any Intervention
diplomatic or otherwise-in favor of
the Turks at time when our Russian
ally was shedding blood for the common
cause against the Japs.
According to reports from Allied OBJ
servers IN the Near East, the date for
the settlement" of the Turkish-Rus-
sian dispute had been fixed by Moscow
and was to take place within two weeks
after the Intervention of the Red armies
in Manchuria and Korea. Russia had
informed us before the first atomic
bomb was dropped that she would enter
the war on August 16. 1t is assumed
that Premier Stain and his military
and political advisers at Potsdam had
an 1nkling about the surprise America
was going to spring on the Japs, but
did not believe it would cause an imme-
diate collapse
X X X
First hand information from Soviet
observers in Japan indicated that the
militarist hot heads were willing to
stand the brunt of war in Japan and
Manchuria and would use force and
treachery against the Emperor to spre-
vent the court circles from yielding to
the Allies. Moscow is reliably reported
to have expected Japanese resistance at
least until the end of September.
These calculations proved wrong.
There were too many ranking officers in
the Japanese Army who did not dare
oppose the Emperors decision, particu-
larly when all their advances to Mos
COW to avoid Russian intervention in
the war had failed. Moreover, the
japanese Army was so imbued with the
idea of the deity of the Emperor that
the officers who actually attempted a
coup both in Japan and on the Asiatic
mainland were killed by their own men.
The Japanese were "blitzed" into sur
render for which the ground work had
been laid by Gen. MacArthur's psyche
logical warfare division several months
earlier by accepting the idea that the
Emperor be maintained on the throne.
The fact that the japanese laid down
their arms so quickly and Unexpectedly
threw monkey wrench into the Russian
plans in the Near East. The verbal war
conducted by the Russian broadcasting
stations, which in the past has preceded
military operations. ceased Immediately
And while Moscow has not given UP
officially any of its claims on Turkish
territory, the whole matter henceforth
presumably will be discussed around the
diplomatic table.
Evening star., 1945-09-08
Rosh Hushonoh

The celebration of the Jewish New
Year on the present occasion takes
place under benign conditions which
are unparalleled in the experience of
the Jewish people. Six years of war
have ended in a victory for human
freedom in which the Jews have a
valid interest. They contributed to
the triumph of the United Nations
over the Axis-powers and thus are
entitled to share in the fruits of that
vast achievement. But it is not
merely the defeat of the Nazis and
their allies that the Jews have helped
to accomplish. They also have par
ticipated in the laying of the founda-
tionS Of new worldwide communi-
-ty. And that community, let it
clearly be understood, is endowed
with the spiritual principle of the
Mosaic Law.
In other words, the ordeal of the
Jewish people has terminated in a
universal vindication of the religion
and the ethics which through CEN
turies of dispersion, struggle and
persecution have sustained their
existence. Their faith in the Cove
nant between the Lord and Abraham
has been justified. God has been
their shield, and their exceeding
great reward" now at long last is in
sight. Not for the Jews alone, how
ever, are the times ahead to be
peaceful and prosperous under Prov
idence. The divine promise was
that: "All the nations of the earth
be blessed" Through obedience to
the Commandments of Sinai the
pledge may be fulfilled. What is
wanted is a common realization of
the proved fact that civilization
cannot prevail without righteous
ness. The frightful agony through
which all humanity has passed to its
present opportunity developed from
futile attempts to defy elemental
justice. If the future is to be worth
living, it must be correlated to fell
lowship in equity.
The Jews have known that for
ages. Their neighbors having been
learning it in difficult school.
Millions must hope and pray that
Evening star., 1945-09-08
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

President Trumans voluminous mes
sage to Congress, on its return from
recess, will give many of its members
legislative indigestion, particularly those
who hoped to leave behind them MANY
OF the New Deal proposals However,
the President has called to their atten-
ton the many problems that must be
met If this country is to move into
peace time economy successfully and to
hope for peace at home and abroad.
The legislators must either do something
about these problems or leave the prob
lens to solve themselves-as undoubted-
ly some of them would like
Many of the recommendations made
by the President are long range-as
Tor example the so-called full employ
ment" bill and the measure designed to
extend social security, sometimes dubbed
the cradle to the grave" bill. Others
are not-are intended rather, to meet
expected immediate conditions. The
President has joined with others in
support of the full employment" slogan
although in his message he undertakes
to define that slogan as meaning full
opportunity to work rather than any
specified number of jobs He qualities
1t further by saying that the opportunity
must be provided every worker who is
ready, able and willing to take one "a
peace-time job)." He says further: "It
full employment) does not mean made
work, or making people work"
Nevertheless, Mr.. Truman has lined
himself up in support of the Legislation
now pending before Congress (the
Murray Wagner Thomas Mahoney-
Morse Tobey- Aiken bilD. This measure,
as it happens, fits exactly the ideas and
recommendations contained in Secretary
Of Commerce Wallaces new book, Sixty
Million Jobs In his book, Mr.. Wallace
proclaims absolute adherence to the free
enterprise system. So does the bill be-
fore the Senate Banking and Currency
Committee. Mr.. Wallace urges national
planning, by private enterprise and the
Government, to provide 60, 900 900 jobs
which he admits is an arbitrary figure
but which he reckons would mean full
employment" In this country. 1t was the
late President Roosevelt who originated,
during the last presidential campaign,
the demand for 100000 jobs.
There is nothing wrong with planning
per Sc. although plans may be wrong
The Government and industry, working
together may work out plans that will
Evening star., 1945-09-08
japanese War Crimes

10 give the devil his due, it must
be said of Japan that up to now at
least, no evidence has been disclosed
to indicate that it ever resorted to
quite so heinouS crime as Nazi
Germany's systematic mass exter-
minatlon OF scores of thousands of
helpless men, women and children,
Nevertheless, as our State Depart
ment has just revealed, the, Japa-
nese have terrible things to answer
for, and justice demands that the
guilty be made to pay.
The State Departments story
limits itself to American prisoners
of war and civilian internees. It
tells of starvation diets, of lack of
medical care, of dangerously un-
hygienic conditions, of bad housing.
of clothing inadequencies, of viola
tion after violation of the Geneva
Convention on the treatment of the
captured and interned. It cites the
case OF one of our airmen being
tortured and beheaded in New
Guinea; it reports on the sea mas
sacre OF Americans who had spent
nightmare of cruelty in the hold
of an enemy freighter; it points to
the cold-blooded murder of four of
our non-combatant nationals held
captive in the Philippines.
Apparently the japanese were at
their worst in the Philippines.
where orders were once issued to
put to death Americans who sur
rendered or were captured. There.
too, occurred the unspeakably
atrocious slaughter of $50 of our
men who were packed into tunnel
shelter which was then set afire,
and all who sought to escape were
butchered by bayonets and machine
guns. Nor is this the whole story.
The State Department suggests that
more information will be forth
coming, and we are beginning to
hear new tales of cruelty, such as
the one now being told by prisoners
liberated from camps in Burma.
And, of course, the record, affecting
our Allies as well as ourselves, is
replete with other atrocities like the
rape of Nanking and the death
march" on Bataan.
In many of these cases, the names
of the individual perpetrators are
already known, but the State De-
partment makes clear that the
crimes reach all the way to the
Japanese government. For from the
time of the attack on Pearl Harbor
until the final surrender the United
States addressed no fewer than $40
Evening star., 1945-09-08
Federal Salaries

President Truman's recommended
tions to Congress with respect to
Federal salaries in general and con-
gressional salaries in particular are
wholly sensible and merit favorable
action, without timidity or delay.
The President says, and he is en-
tirely right, that the members of Con-
gress, in view of their heavy respon-
sibilities and increasing duties, are
grossly underpaid and have been
for a number of years." Largely for
political reasons, many members
have heSitated to vote themselves
an increase in pay, but now that the
President has taken the lead by rec
ommending that salaries of Con-
gressmen be raised to $4,000 a year,
and that this be accompanied by
adoption of an adequate retirement
system" and repeal of the House
provision for expense allowances, the
members owe it to themselves and
to the country to take their courage
in hand and ratify Mr.. Truman's
proposals. This may result in criti-
cism from some who have not
thought the matter through and
from individuals seeking some per-
sonal political advantage. But the
important thing is that congress
sional compensation be raised to a
point which will attract the best
qualified men to careers in public
service, and if this is to be done
Congress must set the machinery in
motion.
The same reasoning, as the Presi-
dent has >emphatically stated, ap-
plies to the salaries of all Federal
employes-executive, legislative and
judicial. During the war many able
and experienced men were obtained
for the Federal service on purely
patriotic grounds" But men of this
caliber are not going to stay in the
Government at the prevailing rates
of pay, and what Mr.. Truman de-
SS14bSo 90 CAAC pun vi WdSG SCdl6 Ill
the Federal establishment will con-
tinue to serve as an impediment to
obtaining efficient administrative
officials until Congress takes ade-
Quate remedial action.
What is urgently needed is fuller
recognition of the rather obvious
fact that Government has become
an exceedingly big and important
business. Furthermore, it is going
to continue to be precisely that. If
1t Is to supply the quality and guam
tity of service that the people expect
and demand, then it is going to be
necessary to pay salaries that will
attract the most competent people
to Government work. And if we are
going to do this at all the time to
do 1t is now, for the Government
already has suffered too much from
the loss of expert workmen to
hlgher-paying private industries.
Evening star., 1945-09-08
This Changing World
BY Constantine Bro,yu

The sudden surrender of the Japa-
nese has postponed indefinitely, 1t is
hoped, grave crisis between Turkey
and Russia which was expected in high
quarters to break some time this month.
Soon after the end of the Yalta Con-
ference, the Russian government broke
its treaty of nonaggression with Turkey
and placed before the Ankara govern
ment demands for surrender of the ter
ritories of Ardahan and Kars in Eastern
Anatolia; the yielding of a large por-
tlon OF Thrace to Bulgaria and a privi-
legged position in regard to the Darda-
nelles and the Bosphorus Straits. Mos
cow wanted them completely neutral
lied and placed under the control of
the Red Army which was to have the
right to construct air and naval bases
in that area.
Reports from reliable sources indi-
Gated that the Red Army in the Cau-
caSuS-close to 100000 stronp-was
concentrating for war games" on the
Russo-Turklsh borders in order to back
its claims more effectively.
The American and British. govern
ments were seriously concerned over
these developments which might have
gravely affected the entire structure of
the international Security Organization
* *
When the Potsdam Conference took
place few months after the Crimean
parley, President Truman is reported to
have attempted on more than one oc-
casion to induce Premier Stain to dis
cuss ways and means to settle that dis
pute amicably through the good Offices
of the American Government. The Rus
sian Premier, who was more conciliatory
at Potsdam than he had been at Te-
heran and Yalta, brushed these sue-
gestions aside and refused even to con-
slider any friendly intervention.
The matter was thus left in allowance.
The American and the British repre-
sentatives left Potsdam pleased with
the results of the conference but deeply
disturbed over the heavy clouds in the
Near East. The British were particu-
larly concerned. An armed clash would
have placed them in a difficult position
because Of their treaties of alliance with
both the U. S. S. r. and Turkey. While
little was being said officially in Wash
ington and London about the matter.
most official observers believed that
Russia could not be deferred from TAX
ing over whichever portions of Turkey
she desired and neither the United
states nor Great Britain could do much
about it.
1t would have been impossible to
mobilize public opinion in both these
Evening star., 1945-09-08
This and That
BIZ Charles E. TrncepeN

The incident didn't amount to much
Templeton Jones admitted that, but he
specialized in incidents which didn't
amount to much. The mental aoven-
lures which made up so large a part of
his life had begun in childhood
When he drew sailboats when he
should have been studying geography,
he put himself on those boats, and
sailed far seas and saw strange people
1t was, in q sense. sort of study of
geography, but the teacher didn't admit
it when she finally saw what he was
doing behind the big book covers.
Templeton Jones. as a youth often
drew black cats with long tails hanging
over board fences. There was always a
moon, off to one side, and the cat was
always looking the other way.
In days to come. the boats at sea and
the black cats influenced his life, al
though he seldom sailed in a boat and
knew no. cats intimately until many
years later.
1t wasn't the actuality of thing
sibility; in youth it is called imagina-
ton and later what is it called?
X x y
three Spanish ladies got aboard.
One was elderly, with white hair; the
others were very much younger prob
ably her children.
Jones didn't know, but he was con-
scious at once of their speech
At first he thought it must be French.
but soon he realized it was Spanish of
some type.
There is Spanish and Spanish, of
course. Jones listened greedily to the
liquid syllables
An addict of Latin American songs,
Templeton Jones was thoroughly con-
versant with "corazon," or heart.
That was about the extent of his
knowledge. So one day he decided to
take up Spanish, and purchased book
which claimed to have what he wanted.
Maybe it did, but Jones didn't seem
able to get it out.
When he got to 70 hago, tn haces, Ell
hace, etc., he fell by the linguistic way
side.
make, thou makest, he makes, etc.
He did better with tengo sed, tengo
calor, tengo frio Il am thirsty, I am
warm, am cold.
"The guy who cooked that up," grinned
Jones, must have had Washington,
D. c., in mind"
Now here he was on the public vehicle,
listening to three persons who could
toss off Spanish at great rate.
The two girls talked without accent
of any kind, the words tripping over
each other.
Jones listened for blocks to catch
"corazon," but it wasn't used. Evidently
in everyday speech it isn't used as
much as in love songs-and no wonder!
One didn't have to understand Span
ish to understand that. Love songs are
the same the world around, and in all
languages.
After the group had travelled for some
miles, they began to make preparations
to leave, at least the Oldest lady did
Nov here" said Templeton Jones to
himself, sis where I hear how a real
Spanish lady says adios.'
Jones got all set to hear her.
The lady arose from her seat.
The two girls sprung out succession
of liquid notes.
Their mother smiled in return.
Jones held his breath to hear how
real Spanish lady says "adios" to her
own.
The lady turned for the door.
"Good-by." she called, just like that.
Evening star., 1945-09-08
ADVERTISING in War

The War Advertising Council has
just released report of it's activities
during 1907 days of world conflict
January IS, 1912, to August IA, 194s
which should make instructive
reading for those who have been
preaching the doctrine that adver-
tising is an economic waste.
The council was created to serve
as the focal point for business-Gov-
ernment cooperation in dissent
mating information vital to the con-
duct of the war. During the period
of the councils operation American
business contributed more than ST.
OOO,0C0,000 in advertising space and
in time to bring to public attention
the things that needed to be done
and the things that should not be
done if the war was to be won as
quickly as possible.
Government agencies which were
aided directly by this program are
the Army, Navy, Maritime Commits
sion, Treasury Department, War
Production Board, Office of Price
Administration, War Food Admins
tration and some twenty others.
The purpose was to place the exist
ing advertising facilities at the dis
posal of these agencies, and they
were put to many uses. Advertising
sold War Bonds, conserved food,
recruited personnel for the military
services, brought in seamen to sail
merchant ships, secured badly
needed nurses, and resulted-by way
OF example-in the salvage of 583
million pounds of used fats, % mil
lion tons of paper and 800 million
pounds of tin cans.
This is a record of which the ad-
vertising industry is, and has a right
to be. proud. 1t demonstrates the
effective results which can be Sc
cured from properly directed pro-
grams, and it is gratifying to know
that the council, during the recon-
version period, intends to apply it's
tested and proven methods to the
promotion of better public under
standing of vitality important ma
tional and perhaps international
problems.
Evening star., 1945-09-08
Farmers Confession of Faith

Give Mcguire in Baptist Leader
God and I raised so acres of corn. He
created the soil, laid deep reservoirs of
moisture beneath it and, by an alchemy
all His own, changed leaves and grass
into plant food.
I plowed the land, narrowed 1t and
buried grains of corn in neat check
rows.
Grains of corn! They would have
been as pebbles had not God bresthed
the breath of life into each grain.
I left the planted field in His care.
The warmth of His sunshine played
upon it. Tiny green shoots appeared.
l cultivated the ground as God worked
by my side. If He had not done His
work well 1 should have failed. If I
had not done my work well He would
have failed.
With my two horses I drove up and
down the long rows. God used 12l 900
horses in the field-2,42 horsepower
units of divine energy an acre every
moment that the sun shone.
Throughout the long summer He wa
tered the growing crop, not like the
meager dripping of a garden hose; He
distributed 165,0O0 tons of water over
the so acres of earth.
He fed the corn from His abundant
store of carbon-di little green
cflorophyll bodies in the blades seized
the hot rays of the sun and sifted out
the energy the plants needed to digest
nitrogen as they sucked it up from
Gods pantry underground.
I worked 500 hours on our so acres.
God worked more than six hours to
my one-24 hours day all summer
without pausing minute.
Even after I had finished My work,
laid the corn by and left the field, He
stayed on. He still had to put rich
pollen in the yellow tassels and send
His breeezs to scatter it over the silky
stamens that curled from 1000 900 green
husks.
In this He worked alone. He was per-
forming miracle beyond the skill of
any human hand or the understanding
of the most scientific mind Without a
miracle I should have had no corn for
my labor.
Each grain planted in May became
1000 grains in September.
God packed each grain with potential
bone and sinew for my family and my
cattle.
f. He endowed each grain with the germ
of life, SO skillfully wrought, SO deli
cately specialized, so exact in every in
gredient that it could reproduce itself
in corn and nothing but corn.
The corn we raised Is His and mine.
for we are fellow workers.
Yes, Indeed, We Do
From the South Bend Tribune.
Remember when tough steaks were
unpopular
Evening star., 1945-09-08

protests to that government, SOL
emnly warning it that punishment
would be meted out to any and all
OF its officials found guilty, either
indirectly through neglect or directly
through willful intent, of being
party to this barbarism. Quite obvi-
ously the war criminals of Japan
number more than a few and they
must be brought to judgment just
the same as the war criminals of
Germany.
Evening star., 1945-09-08

the lesson never again will require
to be repeated. At Rosh Hashonah
5706, Americans of all philosophers
are united as never before in the
determination to translate their
ideals into deeds. The Jews will do
their part, and so will the gentiles
of every household.
Evening star., 1945-09-08
Secrecy DepIored

From the Kansas City Kansan.
1t is hard to believe that the world
could have Jared any worse throughout
history If diplomacy had been Conducted
through open covenants openly ar
rived at" And it seems to us that If
this Government would use its strength
and good offices to persuade the heads
OF other peoples governments to let the
people know how their fates were being
decided, things might conceivablv he
better. We
The world has little to lose through
tewer Yaltas and Potsdams, and more
Evening star., 1945-09-08

The authentic test of all this WON
derful wartime prosperity is not how
much people have spent but how
much people have saved, and it now
begins to be apparent that there
has been too few of the latter class
and too many of the former.
Evening star., 1945-09-08

Ralph Waldo Emerson was correct
IN his belief that landscape belongs
to the man who looks at It, Road
side billboards, then, are what prop
erly might be called intrusions upon
private property.
Evening star., 1945-09-08

The planet earth, it seems, is none
too large for all the manifold activ-
tiles of its inhabitants. Just think
how crowded it will be when every
family must have it's own hangar
as well as its own garage!
Evening star., 1945-09-08

Nobody needs to be told that ..le
picture that scared away the Chicago
burglar was an example of what is
known as modern art" The miracle
is that it didn't kill him.
Evening star., 1945-09-08

When a salmon steak costs 50. It
might almost as we'll be made out
of beef.
Evening star., 1945-09-08

To the Editor of The Star:
AS native-born American citizen
and also as a member of the Demo-
cratic party object to President Tru-
mans statement that the American
people are to blame for the Pearl Harbor
disaster
I sympathize with President Truman
fully now that he finds himself in
similar position following the late Presi-
dent Roosevelt that Mr. Coolidge found
himself in after President Harding's
death. But while President Truman
has a very difficult position to fill, it
will be even more so If he attempts
to cover up the sins of his predecessor
For one I cannot accept any part Of
the blame for Pearl Harbor when the
records show clearly that we as Amer
lean citizens were never permitted to
know the true state of our relations
with Japan or with Germany until
long after the attack had been made.
Any attempt now or in the future
to shift the blame to the doorsteps
of any one other than President Roose-
welt and his own duly selected and
controlled Secretary of State is clearly
in bad faith.
1t looks now as if President Truman
might adopt one example set by PreSi-
dent Coolidge to his advantage and
that would be for him to say as near
nothing as possible about his prede-
ceSsor. EARL 0. WILSON.