Evening star., 1945-06-24

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the perpetuation of peace has taken
| final shape. 1t is a realistic approach
| to the worlds most destructive mala-
dy-war. Resolved in terms of world
medicine, it is preventive, curative, with
| surgery as a final resort.
Its preventive agencies are the gen.
eral assembly, "a town hall of the
world" and the economic and social
council. In the assembly, composed Of
| representatives of SO United Nations
| to be increased as other countries be-
come eligible for membership-any
| question within the scope of the
charter" may be discussed in the hope
of better understanding. The economic
and social council, with its many COM
missions for study and investigation,
constitutes scientific approach to eco
nomic and social ills from which the
germs of war spring.
The curative powers of the organiza-
ton are those of Cancellation, media
ton, adjudication. They have been in
trusted to the organizations executive
board, the security council, and to the
international court of justice. The Sc
curity council, in the new world charter,
is empowered and directed to adopt
pacific measures of settlement of inter-
national disputes. The court is to render
justice when disputes are brought be-
fore it.
Surgery Final Resort.
The final resort is surgery. When all
other measures for the maintenance of
peace have failed, the security council,
with its military staff and tremendous
air, army and naval forces placed at its
command, may issue orders and take
the necessary means to fight for peace.
The trainers of the United Nations
Charter adopted realistic as we'll as an
ideallstic approach. The organization
is built around the great poWers-the
powers capable of making aggressive
war and of maintaining peace. Wisely
it seeks unity of these powers; it pro-
vides that any substantive decision or
action by the security council must be
concurred in by these great powers,
permanent members of the council.
u.
Russia, China and France. They are
the powers which must in the end see
to it that the Axis is never able to
make aggressive war again; they are the
powers which must nip in the bud
threats of aggression from other
sources. Their unity is sine quo non.
The detection of one of them would
mean the organization had failed
would mean eventual war-World
War III
Because of this need of great power
unity at all times, special authorities
have been conferred upon these perma-
nent members of the security council
Any one of them may veto decisions to
act in international disputes, even de-
cisions to use pacific measures" ex-
cept that there is no veto to prevent
hearing and discussion Of disputes
brought to the attention of the council
Further no one of the permanent men,
bers may veto decision to use pacific
measures of settlement in any dispute
to which the permanent member is a
party.
Veto Effect Wide.
This veto power, contained in the
"Yalta voting formula" agreed to by
the late President Roosevelt, British
Prime Minister Churchill and Russian
Marshal Stain. runs in every decision
of the council to use economic sanctions
and force to end international disputes
~
unanimity of the great powers, this veto
power, is a prime necessity. 1t is so
recognized by the medium and small
nations. But they resent it, particular
ly as it relates to the use of pacific
measures of settlement and to amend
ment of the charter. During the two
months of the conference debates in
San Francisco they have attacked this
veto power from every possible angle
They have claimed it is undemocratic,
that it breaks down the theory of
equality of sovereign nations. This is
not yet a democratic world. An ef-
flcient, strong organization for the
maintenance of peace is today more
necessary than an organization formed
and framed along idealistic lines Until
the new organization has proved its
worth, until it has improveA world con-
ditions to a degree where law rather
than might is the main reliance, the
charter will remain as it has been
drafted. The great powers stood to-
gether on this issue of unanimity. The
other nations, the little forty-five" as
they have been called, had to yield to
the "big five" or face the fact there
would be no charter and no organiza-
ton.
The manner in which the great pow
ers have found it possible to adjust their
own differences and to hang together at
this conference is a happy augury,
therefore, for the future. Further,
while there has been much criticism of
the veto power accorded them, the
this power sparingly. 1t is unthinkable
that they will use it to prevent peaceful
settlements of international disputes
But they contend that concurrence of
the great powers is as necessary in the
first stages of consideration and action
in such disputes as it is in the final
when force is to be used. AS the Rus
slams put it "the veto is indivisible," it
must run all along the line. Otherwise
a split among the great powers occurring
at the outset of consideration of an
international dispute, might easily be-