davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Archbishop Lana

When the history Of recent times
finally is written fifty or hundred
years hence, place in it must be
assigned to Cosmo Gordon Lang,
ninety-seventh Archbishop of Can
terbury. The story of his life thus
far has been but imperfectly told.
He was in certain respects a myste-
rious person. Nobody knew him very
well. He was an intellectual hermit
Of sort, sharing his mind partially
with only a few associates, COM
pletely with none. Under somewhat
different circumstances he would
have been one of the great skeptics
of the age.
The late prelate, who resigned his
primatial see in 1912 and died sud-
denly at railway station at Rich
mond Wednesday, was a Scottish
Presbyterian schoolmaster's son,
born October 81, 1864. He made
mark for himself at Oxford and
came up to London intending to
have a career at law with perhaps
q chance of place on the bench
In prospect. A casual meeting with
the sanity Wilmington Ingram in
the East End slums turned his mind
to a religious vocation. He was
twenty-six when he was ordained
eurate at Leeds. Eleven years later
he was Bishop of Stepney. From
1901 to 1908 he was Canon of Saint
Paul's. Then for two long decades
he was archbishop of York. Not
without active opposition, he at
tained the chair of Saint Augustine
In 1928.
No question ever was raised about
Archbishop Lang's eloquence. He
was unexcelled, possibly unequaled
as a pulpit orator. Yet he was not
en- outstanding preacher so much as
an expounder of Christian doctrine
and dogma. Something of the
lawyers profession remained with
him long after he left the Inner
Temple. It may be that it was that
phase of his experience which. made
him a king-maker. If he was not
the leader in the movement to force
the abdication of Edward VIII, he
certainly permitted it to be under
stood that he was satisfied with
that development when it did occur.
He had married the Duke of York
and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and
he presided at their coronation as
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.
Even after he had retired from the
primacy at seventy eight, he main
Evening star., 1945-12-07
What Happens in Germany?
By David Lawrsncs
From the London News of tn. World

from the London News Of the World
1t is clear from the figures issued re.
Gently BY the Board of Trade that large
quantities OF food are being shipped
from this country to Europe. Probably
we can DO no more. But before any
decision is taken the true facts must be
omcially diclosed. The problem arises
out Of the collapse of Nazidom after
years OF violence. The responsibility for
their plight rests with the Germa.
people. and sympathy need not be
wasted on them. But If millions are to
die OF starvation and epidemic diseases
1t is not a matter for secret military
records, but for the world to know. No
doubt the present Government, which
inherited the problem, will take the
earliest opportunity to see that this ID
done. What every British soldier in
Germany knows can hardly remain s
secret long. -
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Four Years Later

This fourth anniversary OF the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
finds Nation which, with its Allies,
has fought and won the greatest war
in history engaged in an effort to
fix responsibility for the losses which
the United States sustained on the
Sunday morning of December 7,
1941. And many Americans are ask
ing themselves whether the game is
worth the candle.
Lieutenant Joseph L. Lockard, the
then sergeant who picked up the
incoming enemy planes on his radar
set only to have his superiors at
Pearl Harbor misconstrue the sig
nificance Of what he had seen, does
not speak for himself alone when
he expresses impatience with the
congressional investigation now un-
der way. He says that the Japanese
were responsible for Pearl Harbor,
and, that being so, he wants to know
what the shooting in Washington is
all about. A good many people seem
to feel the same way, and would
prefer to have the investigation
dropped.
This, however, is a point of view
which can only arise from a mis-
understanding of what is, or what
should be, the real purpose OF the
congressional inquiry.
OF course the japanese were re-
sponsible for the attack on Pearl
Harbor, and while one might infer
from some Of the questions asked at
the hearing that an attempt is being
made to place that responsibility on
our own officials, no sensible person
will be deceived by such transparent
political maneuvering. The real
issue, the question which is vitality
important to our future military
security, has to do with placing re-
sponsibility, not for the attack itself,
but for the success of the attack.
General Marshall has testified that
a vigilant defense at Hawaii would
have enabled our forces to break up
the attack with a minimum of dam
age, and that this, in turn, might
have materially altered the course
Of the war to our advantage. In
other words, had 1t not been for
the human or the organizational
errors which made 1t possible for the
japanese to score such a smashing
initial triumph, the probability is
that today there would be far fewer
crosses marking American graves
throughout the Pacific.
1t is upon the ferreting out of
these errors that the investigating
committee should concentrate. We
must know what they were and how
they were made, for without this
knowledge there is small chance of
erecting effective safeguards against
repetition of the errors in some
future crisis, when we may or may
not be able to redeem our original
mistakes.
The real hope of the American
people should be that this can and
will be done quickly, without any
excursions into political bypaths,
and that when it Is done the Pearl
Harbor books will be closed and the
animosities forgotten.
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Letters to The Star
Districts Permanent Delishts'
Inspire Appreciation

inspire Appreciation
To the Editor of The Star:
hung up the telephone slowly as
tried to adjust myself to the thought
of half-hour wait for breakfast. It
was o'clock and I was hungry, but
Oracle had just said she would be ready
in half hour, and since I was her
guest on that Sunday before Thanks
giving-well, what should do? Get the
Sunday paper? The sunshine stream
ing through the bedroom window re-
enough for a short walk. Without fur
ther delay I reached for my hat and
coat, and with bag and gloves in hand
was soon on the front steps, Should
I 90 north or south? The little park
between the Interior Department build
ings beckoned. I could cut across it.,
60 down Eighteenth street as far as the
Pan American Annex, and return on
Seventeenth street,
AS walked across the park, thought
Of the many criticisms I had read of
Washington in wartime-the crowds,
the queues, the temporary buildings; the
pushing, the waiting, the discomforts
Of one sort or another How could I
reconcile all those harsh words with
che pleasure I was experiencing as I
walked briskly along? OF course, it was
no longer wartime. VI day was his
tory, yet peace was still but a hope.
Washington still had its crowded spots,
such as Union Station, the business sec
ton of F street. the popular restaurants
and the movie theaters. And as I
glanced around me that Sunday morn
ing found that I was In the midst Of
crowds. On the sidewalk in front of
me many, many dry leaves were hur-
rying, maybe to some temple of worship
such as had never dreamed Of They
cracked as the wind tossed them for
ward, and tumbled and capered before
me. Some Of them found the red
berried barberry hedges a convenient
place to gather and some congregated
about the base of the sturdy sycamores.
But had no complaint against those
crowds. Their sound and rhythm were
music for my enjoyment.
AS I rounded the cleaning white OF
the Pan American buildings and saw
that company OF unadorned American
elms which flanks Potomac Park, I
paused to admire their graceful forms,
the delicate tracery Of their branches.
For me as for most Americans, the
favorite tree is the American elm. As
gazed I became conscious of the fact
that could see the sky, not Sits OF it
between tall city buildings, but all the
sky there was, the clear blue sky with
just the right number of lazy white
clouds. I turned and had just started
forward again when a large brown oak
leaf took OF from its base and para
chuted toward me, showing a lighter
brown As 1t approached. and landed
with slight "plop" on the sidewalk.
Birds twittered and chirped as I went
along. The leisurely motion Of a tall
weeping willow, still quite green, caught
my eye and held it.
AS my walk ended and I lifted my
head for an all-over glance before going
indoors for that anticipated breakfast,
the thought came to me that had just
enjoyed some delights of Washington
which were untouched by the war-they
were as they had been when I knew the
city before Pearl Harbor They were
some Of the permanent delights of the
Capital. HANNAH BELL.
Evening star., 1945-12-07

man who spared nobody, the man
who thrived on lies and double
dealing-as is being proved now so
fully at Nuernberg-wept for him
self.
II he had died without that, one
might have despised him less, or
might have merely marveled at how
this tyrant, who only a few short
years ago could make half the world
tremble, fell so fast, completely
broken, physical. mental and
moral wreck,
Evening star., 1945-12-07
The Ultimate Power
By Raynn ond Moley


ONCE and will try to do 50 at the first
opportunity.
But the force of circumstance compels
a President to realize that he is really
the servant Of all the people. He can
not act merely as the agent of q part
of the people, because he can never be
quite sure which part of the people is
his support.
When, as in the present instance, 1t
becomes crystal clear that the vital in
terests of the whole country are being
endangered by the failure of two power
full minorities to agree, he must, regard
less Of consequences, stand against
those minorities and serve a general in
terest. And he must be the single Judge
of what he shall do. At an ultimate
moment all his advisers and subordi-
mates are silent. The Great White
Father must decide. And, sometimes
wisely and sometimes unwisely, he stops
counting reasons pro and con and al
most literally shuts his eyes and ears
and does decide, for better or for worse.
Mr.. Truman has made decision Of
that sort now. Assuming that Congress
agrees, he has pushed the power Of Gov
ernment deep into the field Of private
initiative and decision. If another step
must follow, he will be the one to de-
eide what that step shall be.
The current decision is, in effect, that
a great industry, despite lively CONNER
cial competition within itself, is single
sphere of essential production. It has
been made single sphere Of production
because labor within that sphere u q
single united body. With such power
as Is possessed by the CIO, the AFL or
the United Mine Workers, the issue Of
an industrial strike has got out Of pri-
vate hands and the Government Of all
the people must move In. That Is the
essence cf the Truman decision and It
may well be the end Of an epoch.
Released by The Associated Nsvspapsra 1ne.l
Evening star., 1945-12-07
RevoItinq Ruin

Some weeks ago. in their official
report on how he died with Eva
Braun, the British drew a picture of
Hitler spending his last days and
hours in a state of hysteria border
ing on madness. That this was no
exaggeration is attested now by the
story just told to United States Army
investigators by Captain Hanna
Reitsch, the well known German
aviatrix who once idolized the
Fuehrer and who flew the last Nazi
plane out of Berlin.
In the judgment of the Americans
who questioned her, Captain Reitsch's
account Is probably as accurate" a
report of what happened as will ever
be obtained. Apparently she was in
Hitler's elaborate bunker under the
Reich Chancellery for some days
and did not leave it until just before
the end. Although she doubts that
he and Eva were married at the last
minute as a prelude to destroying
themselves, her version does not diff
fer in any important respect from
the one put out by the British. She
merely adds fresh details. and they
are details constituting an eloquent
commentary on how ephemeral are
personal power and glory and how
swiftly and terribly they can disin-
tegrate into a revolving personal
ruin.
Goebbels and his family we're
there, according to Captain Reitsch.
So. too. were Martin Bormann, the
Fuehrer's deputy, and a special
guard of SIS troops. Nearly all of
them, excepting the Goebbels chill
dren. moved nearer and nearer lu-
macy as the Russians closed in. but
Hitler apparently was the worst of
the lot. At times he trembled and
quivered like trapped animal. At
times, as If he were dealing with
a reality and not a phantom, he
planned to rescue Berlin with an
army that did not exist. Or he sank
periodically into a stupor, or he
ragged and called down wild curses
on "traitorous" Goering and Hmm
Ter. or he ran about almost blindly
from wall to wall in his last retreat,
waving papers that fiuttered like
leaves in his nervous. twitching
hands"
Poor, poor Adolf" cried Eva
Braun. Deserted by every one, be-
trayed by all" And he himself, at
one point in his final rawlings,
shouted out a self-pitying TRADE:
Nothing has been spared me. No
allegiances are kept. no honor lived
up to, no disappointments that
have not had. no betrayals that
have not experienced. and now this
above all else. Nothing remains.
Every wrong has already been done
me-" Thus, In his last hours, the
Evening star., 1945-12-07

Secretary Byrnes was in the same
situation. With the exception of his
attendance at the Yalta Conference,
as an observer, he was principally in
terested in domestic problems Presi-
dent Roosevelt was considered such an
expert on foreign affairs that neither
Mf. Truman nor Mr.. Byrnes considered
1t necessary or advisable to concern
themselves with Americas wartime for
eign relations.
During the two years he spent in the
State Department before assuming the
job as chief Of staff to the Secretary
Of State, Undersecretary Acheson de-
voted his time to economic affairs. Mr..
Cohen, counsellor of the State Depart
ment-an unspectacular but highly i'm
portant advisory job-has only book
knowledge" of foreign matters and his
approach Is theological rather than
practical
In the meantime, under Edward Stet-
tinius' short administration, large
number of experts" in the economic
field were brought into the State De-
partment and placed in important posi-
tions, frequently taking precedence over
the "old hands"
Because of the lack of real experience
of the upper levels" it Is not difficult
for some Of the career men to shade
a number of problems when presenting
them to their superiors. Although they
appear to be in accordance with the
policies of the administration they, in
fact. depart entirely from our basic
principles.
The situation in China, for instance,
is very complex. Democracy, as it is
understood in this country, has never
existed in China and it will be many
years before anything approaching our
conception can be attained. Yet Gen.
eralissimo Chang Kai-shek can be easi-
ly described as blood thirsty tyrant
while the Yenan group can, with equal
ease and jogging Of phrases, be de-
scribed as the true representative of
the democratic principles. Those who
are conducting our foreign affairs by
theological impulses" are likely to fall
for the fne words and lofty principles
on paper-and change the meaning
Of the directives given our represent
atives in that country.
Ambassador Hurley may bring many
new facts to the fore and give Mr..
Byrnes the chance to carry out a
thorough reorganization Of his depart
ment.
Evening star., 1945-12-07

tanned his habitual interest in public
affairs, accepted a seat In the Lords
as the first Baron Lang of Lambeth
and became trustee of the British
Museum. Above all else he was an
individualist. Yet it also must be
conceded that the principal motive
Of his life was social motive.
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Defense Plan Advocated

To the Editor Of The Star
David Lawrence's viewpoint on the
unification Of the armed services as ex-
pressed in your issue of November 20 is
most discouraging, but not more so than
the fact that the same subject is before
House committee which is concerned
solely with expenditures.
1t should be apparent now of all
times that our national security is not
a matter for pickering between the
services as to how much shall be spent
by each. II the effort of World War II
means anything, the United States will
insure its own security regardless of
the cost. This is matter that should
be decided by our best minds, including
statesmen and scientists as we'll as mill
tary and naval experts. The plan
should embrace such diverse subjects
as foreign policy, military training and
all the technical paraphernalia for war,
and, among other things, should re-
suit In detailed data on bases needed,
aircraft, battleships or carriers, land de-
lenses, ground troops, munitions, supply
and industrial preparedness.
Why should the Mayor for that
matter the Army Air Forces-be the
sole arbiter Of what the Nation needs
in its particular field? Now is the time
to weld a fighting team, then inform
the services what their contributions
to 1t are to be. Even a pro tenn plan
would be better than none.
II Mr.. Lawrence wants to shed q few
tears over the unification plan, he might
do SO in behalf of the Army Ground
Forces, which, you can bet, will con-
tinue to do the unglamorous slugging
In war. although their weapons take on
a more and more Buck Rogerish cast.
At this stage, any debate on who will
get the appropriation seems quite be-
side the point.
( CAPT. MACY M. CARoTHERs, sc.
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Praise for Mr.. Names

10 Gne Editor OF The Star:
Casper Names article about the pro-
fessional workers from the other Amer
icas nov in this country studying United
States methods of agriculture and tech
niques might well be utilized for guild
ance by gslloping politicos receiving
priority over xheir betters for diplomatic
posts to the republics of the south. Any
one reading this article, who has the
slightest acquaintance with the other
Americas, is bound TO conclude that Mr.
Names is skilled observer and writer,
a sympathetic gentleman with under
standing who does not go of half cooked
II have an opportunity, I will send
this article to Sr. don Manuel Vega in
Santiago, Chile sometime d, writer for
The Star-in order to share. my own
pleasure In this article and as an effective
demonstration of my own belief that the
best Of our own culture and traditions
most frequently are found reposing
with newspaper men and women Of the
higher type. j. A..C.
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Report to the Pacific

The mind . from the east tonight
And rain Is In the air,
Gray fog is rolling in from sea
TO brush against my hair;
1 hear the bell buoys far faint CRY
AboDe the oceans roar,
And trace the flight of graceful gu1s
That circle near the shore.
I an reminded as I ,oalk
The lonely. sci1sd-swept beach
HotD sharing simple joys like these
Has slipped beyond our reach;
With you halt q tDorld 6apay
cGn but choose to see
In eUeSy empty, Hfeless sheu
4 counterpart OF me.
VINEY WILDER.
Evening star., 1945-12-07
Matching Earlier Cornoge
From the Topeka Capital

IUpek1 CtpltNI. -
There is q deadly parallel in the Euro
pean situation now and after the Thirty
Years War. All Europe then was vast
vagabondage, as now. Family life all but
disappeared, as did education. Religion
generally gave way to superstition. In
some regions only one-tenth OF the pre-
war population remained after the war.
Historians estimate that Of some 5000
Bohemian villages, only 5000 were left
standing. It was century or more be-
fore Central Europe recovered.
Evening star., 1945-12-07

What this country needs is a dime
store where q dime really means
something.
Evening star., 1945-12-07

of1ice and will try to do so at the first
opportunity.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-12-07
q X Q -
y Q Z ( 2
q J 10 Z S
. None

felt that the spade suit was not
sufficiently solid to play it at
no-trump.
Before going into the play.
look at the hand and see If you
think it is possible for declarer
to make the six-club contract.
The opening lead was won with
the ace Of spades, the ace Of
clubs cashed, and declarer had
the sad news.
think you will agree that he
should cash three rounds of dia-
monds and three rounds Of
hearts, then lead the fourth
heart. When West follows with
the nine-spot, declarer must
trump with dummy's queen Of
clubs. Now should East discard
his nine of spades? Let me show
you what happens if he does.
Declarer will lead a spade
from dummy. Having nothing
but trumps, East will have to
ruff with the five of clubs, and
no matter what club he returns,
declarer will make the balance
of the tricks. Instead Of dis
carding the nine of spades, East
should under-trump the queen
of clubs with the five. Then
there is no possible way for de-
clarer to make the contract.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-12-07
. BEHIND THE SCENES
IN WASHINGTON .

NEA Washington Corresponds

NEA Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON-A first, raw
statistical picture of u. S. labor
union finances on q national
scale has just been released by
:he Bureau of Internal Revenue
in q compilation of returns on
the 1913 income Of tax-exempt
organizations.
This matter of big union fin
ances has become increasingly
controversial over the last few
years. ere has been agitation
10 force unions to incorporate,
like business, and to pay taxes
on their incomes, also like bust
ness corporations. Some anti
labor congressman have toyed
with the idea Of making unions
suable and financially respon-
lible for contract violations and
for strike damages to property
or persons.
La leaders have naturally
resisted being put in either of
these st-ait jackets. They haven't
wanted to reveal how much
money they had because that
would be telling where unions
were weakest and where they
c; uld be broken the easiest by
management.
Aside from these objections,
congressman haven't been able
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-12-07

lied in nice girl parts switched
types to get in on the popularity
trend.
Even Greer Carson strayed.
In her next, Adventure" she
has a hectic romance with a
sailor, Clark Gable, and winds
up hitting him over the head
with bottle in brawl in San
Francisco waterfront dive.
Until this thing blows over,
we're going to concentrate our
set visiting to Walt Disney's
studio, where all the heroines
are innocent paper dollies.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-12-07
REALISTIC PROPOSAL

The first reports thot Russia had asked the Unit
ed Stotes and Greet Britain to submit the ArobJew-
ish problem to Big Five conference apparently
coused some CONSERVATION in diplomatic circles.
There was toIk that the Soviet government was Try
inc to muscle in the Middle Eost; that its request
wos rebuke to American and British proposals that
the Big Three Withdrew from Iran: that it would
smborross the reeentIyproected AneIo-Amercon in
Quiy into the Jewish and Palestine situations. and
on
Perhaps all this is It seems typical Of the Dip
jomotc suspicion thot seems to know no NATIONAL
ny or boundary. But leaving suspicion aside. why
would the RussIon propose! not be sensible soIu-
,1jon7
~ ths United Notions Organization is set up
NU4 ne Big Five will be running the world ony~oy.
~ My shdud they not begin now to Try to settle
~ worlds difficulties among themselves If thots
3e~ Is going to be9
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-12-07
. IN HOLLYWOOD
bottom-in bad girl heroines.

bottom-in bad girl heroines.
Of course, this thing has been
coming on slowly. 1t was once
the trend to introduce an actress
to the public as an ingenue. But
those days are over and now a
girl like Lauren Bacall makes
her debut as a tough customer
in ITO Have and Have Not" and
proves a senation.
Bacall's and Stanwyck's bad
girl roles started making theater
cash registers ring like three
bell fire alarm and even the ac-
tresses who have always special