Evening star., 1945-10-10

To fulfill its responsibility for
protecting this Nation against for
eign enemies, the Army must pro-
ject its planning beyond the imme-
diate future. In this connection ]
feel that have duty, RESPONSE
bility, to present publicly at this
time my conception, from a mill
tary point of view, of what is re-
quired to prevent another interna-
tional catastrophe.
For years men have been con-
cerned with individual security.
Modern nations have given consi-
cradle study and effort to the es-
tanlishment Of social security sys-
TENS for those unable or unwise
enough to provide for themselves
But effective insurance against the
disasters which have slaughtered
millions Of people and leveled their
homes is long overdue.
We finish each bloody war with
a feeling of acute revulsion against
this savage form of human behavior
and yet on each occasion We con-
fuse military preparedness with the
causes Of war and then drift al
most deliberately into another ca
tastrophe. This error of judgment
was defined long ago by Washing
ton. He proposed to endow this
Nation at the outset with a policy
which should have been a reason
able guarantee of our security for
centuries. The cost of refusing his
guidance is recorded in the sacri-
flee of life and in the accumulation
of mountainous debts. We have
continued impractical We have
ignored the hard realities of world
affairs. We have been purely ideal
istic.
Tragic misunderstanding.
We must start, I think. with a
correction of the tragic misunder-
standing that security policy is q
war policy. War has been defined
by people who have thought a
lot about 1.-THE Germans. They
have started most of the recent
ones. The German soldier -philoso-
pher Clausewitz described war as q
special violent form of political ac-
ton. Frederic of Prussia, who left
Germany the belligerent legacy
which has now destroyed her, view
ed war as a device to enforce his
will whether he was right or wrong
He held that with an invincible
offensive military force he could win
any political argument.
This is the doctrine Hitler car
ried to the verge of complete sue
cess. 1t is the doctrine of Japan. II
is criminal doctrine, and like
other forms of crime, it has cropped
up again and again since man be-
gan to live with his neighbors in
communities and nations. There has
long been an effort to outlaw wal
for exactly the same reason that
man has outlawed murder. But the
law prohibiting murder does not oi
/ itself prevent murder. 1t must be
enforced. The enforcing power, how
ever, must be maintained on 8
strictly democratic basis. There
must not be a large standing army
subject to the behest of group oi
schemers. The citizen-soldier is the
guarantee against such a misuse Of
power.
In order to establish an interna.
tional system for preventing wars
peace-loving peoples of the worl6
are demonstrating an eagerness tt
send their representatives to such
conferences as those at Dumbarton
Oaks and San Francisco, with the
fervent hope that they may find
a practical solution. Yet, until il
is proved that such a solution has
been found to prevent wars, rich
nation which lays down its arms, as
we have done after every war in
our history, will court disaster. The
existence of the complex and fear
full instruments of destruction now
available make this simple truth
which is, in my opinion, unde-
batable.
1t no longer appears practical tc
continue what we once conceived
as hemisphere defense as a salts
factory basis for our security. We
are now concerned with the peace
of the entire world. And the peace
can only be maintained by the
strong. ."
The concept of universal military
training is not founded, as some
may believe, on the principle of q
mass Army. The Army has beer
accused of rigidly holding to this
doctrine in the face of modern de.
velopments. Nothing. I think
could be further from the fact, as
the record of the mobilization fol
this war demonstrates. Earlier ir
this report explained how we hae
allocated manpower to exploit
American technology. Out of oul
entire military mobilization of a..
600, 900 men, the number of in.
fantry troops was less than $500, ,00t
Army and Marine.
War of Machinery.
The remainder Of our armed
forces, sea, air, and ground, wa!
largely fighting war of machinery
Counting those engaged in wal
production there were probabl.
rs to so million Americans directl.
involved in prosecution of the war
To chronological warfare we de-
voted 98 per cent of our entir'
effort.
Nor is it proposed now to aban
don this formula which has beer
so amazingly successful. The har
Messing of the basic power of tn,
universe will further spur ou
efforts to use brain for Drawn il
safeguarding the United States o
America.
| However, technology does no
eliminate the need for men in wal
The air forces, which were tn
highest developed chronological.
j Of any Of our armed forces in thi
war, required millions Of men