davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24

ST. PAUL SOCIAL
William Wright Pharmacists
Mate third class, arrived in the
city Wednesday, August %, to
spend sixteen-day leave with his
wife, Lillian Eaves Wright and son,
Clarence, who resides at 355 St.
Anthony. He is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Clarence B. Wright of 2291a
Rondo Ave. He has been stationed
at Camp Peary, Va.
Mr.. David Garrett of Tulsa, Okla,
returned to his home, August 16,
after visiting his sisters and broth
ers-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Dozier
Brown, 800 Harrington St., Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Farrando, 300 Rondo,
st. Paul, and nieces and nephews
of Minneapolis, Mr.. and Mrs. Rich
ard Ross, 532 Aldrich Ave. No., and
Mrs. Martha Boyd, 7O8 Fifth Ave.
No.
Mrs. Nora Ross, 663 St. Anthony
Ave-, left for st. Louis, Mo-, Tues
day, August 81, for a weeks visit
with her nephew, Robert Lee John
son, and brother, William Wilson,
and nieces, Lenora Wilson and
Leola Hendricks.
Mrs. Title Daniels, 324 E. 14th
St., was called to Kansas City, Kan,
August l, upon the death of her
sisters husband, J. W. Harris. She
returned to st. Paul, by plane,
Thursday, August 16.
Surprise Birthday Party: Mrs.
Julian Buford, 344 W. Central Ave-,
and group of friends, surprised
Mr.. Buford on his birthday, Mon
day, August 20, with a party. When
he returned from his usual trip to
the West Coast, they were assem-
bled at his home. Those present
were the Messrs. and Mines. Tim
othy Purcell, James Edwards,
Arthur Todd; Mines. Glenn Beck
and Nelson Balenger; the Messrs.
Maceo Littlejohn, Harold Washing
ton and Foster Brown, Sr. Mr.. and
Mrs. Samuel Ross were unable to
attend, but sent gift.
Inter-racial Gathering: S. Vincent
Owens was a guest, Friday, August
II, in Duluth, at the inter-racial
gathering in the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Edward Nichols, which hon
ored Sinclair Lewis.
Mr.. Owens also spent the week
end with friends in Rochester,
Mimi, August 10 and 10.
Married: Sgt. Rubin Floyd of
Carrier Mills, ILL.,, and Mae Harper,
778 Rondo, were married August
Fl, in st. Paul. Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd
will spend their honeymoon in Chi
cago, ILL.,, St. Louis, Mo-, and will
be at home with the groom's par
ents in Illinois.
Walter Lowe, nephew of Mr.. and
Mrs. Cecil E. Newman, 1900 Port
land Ave-, left by plane, Tuesday,
August 81, for his home in Des
Moines, after spending his vacation
with his aunt and uncle.
Visitors From Milwaukee: Mrs.
Lillian Turk, Mrs. Gertrude Rem
fro and Mr.. Murray Lee, of Mil
waukee, visiting in Minneapolis,
are house guests of Mrs. Violetta
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24
Ermine Hall Allen
Is Pop Concert
SOlOist Saturday

Ermine Hall Allen, contralto,
will appear as soloist in a triple
bill at the pop concert at the St.
Paul auditorium, Saturday, Aug.
%, "Viennese Night"
Although this is Mrs. Aliens
second season as an active men,
Der of the St. Paul Civic Opera,
having sung with the chorus in the
summer concerts and in several
operas last year, Saturdays ap-
pearance will mark her debut as a
soloist.
She will be supported by the
Civic Opera chorus, and the sym
phony orchestra under the direc-
ton of Clifford Reckow.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24
Duluth CT Best

Corporal Joe Water is considered
the best south-paw first baseman
for the Army Panthers softball
team down in the Hawaiian Islands.
He is held in high esteem by his
team mates. A clipping from the
paper down there states that Joe
excels in basketball and track, but
prefers hockey to all other sports.
He's a native of Minnesota.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24

The TSTC Club with 40 years part of the Twin City
social to its credit honored the wives and sweeheas
of the organization at it's annual dinner Friday evening
August IT, at the Ober club Western and St. Anthony Ave
nues, ST. Paul At the head table, left to right Mrs
S. E. Hail. w. " Howard Mrs T. B. Carey and A. " Hail.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24

~ -V~1 y &VN0 W ~N@NN VT
6888th Central Postal Division,
A. P. o. 562.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-08-24

Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Brown, 405
st. Anthony, entertained at break
fast, Tuesday, August II, for sew
eral members of the Carmen
Jones" cast, which included: Ann
Dixon, Freddie Marshall, Rhoda
Johnson, and Ruth Crumpton.
Others were: Donna Jean Brown
and Nellie Lopez.
Celebrates Birthday: Mrs. Hor-
tense Baker, 397 Rondo, celebrated
her birthday, Sunday, August 10,
by entertaining a large group of
friends, on Saturday night, at
Walkers Tavern. Mrs. Baker re-
ceived many lovely gifts.
Mrs. Gertrude Pankey and chill
dren, Kenneth and Arlene, are visit
ing Mrs. Pankey's father, Carter
Fletcher, 800 st. Anthony.
Visiting Relatives: William C.
Moore, Mrs. Grace Young and
daughter, Priscilla of Detroit,
Mich; Mrs. Mary Christensen of
Cumberland, Wis, and Pvt. Jerome
E. Wiley, from overseas, were visit
ing relatives in the Twin Cities.
Mr.. Moore and Mrs. Young are
brother and sister of the Messrs.
Mack Moore, Eugene Moore of 1000
Iglehart; Roy Moore, 1928 st. An
thony; Willard Moore, 419 Sher-
burne, and Mrs. Elva Kellogg of
Minneapolis. Mrs. Christensen is
their mother. Pvt. Wiley is Mrs.
Kellogg's son, and nephew of the
Moores. Mr.. William C. Moore and
Mrs. Grace Young and daughter
Priscilla, left for Detroit, Satur-
day, August 18, after a two weeks
visit.
The Nome nugget., 1945-04-30

os f,l lsa q ez oE saz -oa nris .- sl bfod o3 ,vrzaca
The Nome nugget., 1945-04-30
ONDAY, APRIL 30, 1945
Forecast And Weather Report Nome and Vicinity

April 30, 1945
 AS compiled by the United States Weather Bureua, Nome, Alaska.
 Forecast Nome: Fair today and Tuesday. Little change in temper ature.
 Nome Data: Precipitation last "A hours ending 8:30 am. today none.
 Total precipitation this month to 8:30 am. today 1.17 inches. Temperatures last 24 hours end ing 8:30 today: highest 29, lowest Temperatures one year ago to- day: highest 26, lowest 4.
 Extreme temperatures on this day since 1907: lowest -1 in 1927, highest 48 in 1941.
 Sunrise at 4:32 a.m.; sunset at 9:27 pm.
 Data for other selected stations
The Nome nugget., 1945-04-30
NOTICE

"A regular meeting of the A.T.C. will be held Tuesday evening at 7:00 p.m. al which time motion pictures of the War Finance Com mittee will be shown. The public is invited 10 attend.
 Capt. H. c. Miller.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20
ilAPRO loved
UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
CUNDAy 4
CcHOOL Lesson
BY HAROLD L. LuNDoUIsT. D. d.
OF The Moody Bible Institute OF Chicago
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Lesson for April 22

Lesson subjects and Scripture texts se.
lected and copyrighted by International
Council of Religious Education: used by
permission.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20

It's tough job no matter how you
tackle it. But it's the least we can do to
support our fighting men overseas and
help bring them little closer home.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20

Why is this War Loan going to be such
whopper? For two very good reasons:
First, Uncle Sam needs just about as much
money this year to fight the war as he did
last. Even if our job in Germany were over
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20
THE FOUNDING OF THE NATION

LESSON TEXT-Exodus 1s:19-24; 1885. /
GOLDEN righteousness exalteth q
nation: but sin is q reproach to any people.
Proverbs 14:34.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20

--achicb 1t Is not--we still would need.every
cent we can spare to beat the Jap.
Second, there will be only 2 War Loans
this year, instead of the there were in
1914. That means we've got to lend, in
2 chunks approximately as much as we
lent last year in 8.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-04-20

Americans on the Payroll Savings Plan
have boosted their allotments to take care
of part of their quota right now.
It's smart way to do it. And you
can, too;
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Council Not
to Interfere

Selection of new police officers
will be left in the hands OF the po-
lice commission and the chief OF
police without recommendations
from city council.
This was decided by aldermen
Monday evening after Alderman
Frank Seymour asked that the
council recommend that the next
vacancy be filled by a negro police
officer.
He pointed out that on a num-
erical basis the colored race should
be represented on the police force
and that problems Of the colored
race could be more easily under
stood by one OF their own race. He
also felt that child delinquency
could be handled better in the
colored area by a member Of the
negro race and indicated that eff
fciency of the police force would
be increased.
Other aldermen however, ex.
pressed the opinion that the police
commission would select the best
applicant, be he either white or
colored, and voted to leave the
decision in its hands.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Blooms Asked
for Girl Patients

Mrs. z. L. Baltzell, who visits
Percy Jones Hospital, Battle
Creek, every Thursday on Red
Cross errands, recently received
a letter from her daughter, Eileen,
who is a WAC in New Guinea. ask
ing her to look up Pvt Norma Lin
dauer, who was a WAC with Miss
Baltzell in New Guinea but is now
patient at Percy Jones. Mrs
Baltzell met the girl and learned
that there is one ward in Percy
Jones for girls from all over the
world, some seriously i'll and some
convalescent. Most Of these girls
are far from their homes but there
are several Michigan girls. Az
are very lonely and many will
be kept there for months to come.
Mrs. Baltzell thinks that all would
be glad TO get flowers and asks
that any Ypsilantian who can spare
blossoms to bring them to Gilbert
House Wednesday evening or
Thursday morning before 9 o'clock.
She will distribute them to the
Percy Jones girl patients.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07

because of swift travel; and
in which meaning Of the gold
standard would be lost because
OF decreased living costs.
Compact, Easy
"U.235 is marvelously COM
pact and incredibly easy to
manage" LANCER wrote. ut
can be used to incubate eggs
or 20 give off a white hot can
deseence. 1t can be turned
on and off like an electric
light. 1t can be exploded with
a violence beyond anything
known on earth, and 1t can be
stored, without deterioration,
indefinitely"
LANCER said U-235 is a spe-
cial type OF uranium, one OF
the three heaviest elements.
U-235, a fuel of remarkable
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
VeteranS to
Have: nc.

Veterans Of Foreign Wars, Post
240s. will have benefit picnic Aug.
rs, on Ellsworth Rd., one half mile
west Of US-23. The proceeds viii
go towards a fund for the new
home being built on Washtenaw
Ave. for the men who have seen
overseas service in both World
War l and II.
Prizes are to be given for ticket
selling. The one selling the most
will receive a 800 war bond, and
the one who is second will receive
$50. There will be an additional
prize of s25.
There will be a prize waltz and
a jitter-bug contest. A guest who
does not belong to the organiza-
lions involved In this picnic and
who brings the greatest number
OF children will be given a prize.
The Oldest couple and the ohe mar
ried the longest will each receive
a prize.
Pony rides and games will be pro-
vided for the children and dancing
and cards for the adults.
Admission to the grounds is free
and a free motion picture win be
presented in the evening.
A roast beef dinner at 2 p. m.
will be served family style by the
Auxiliary of Veterans OF Foreign
Wars. Walter Emmett is COM
mander and Fred Earle, vice COM
mander. The general chairman
is Fred Eberle. assisted by Veter.
ans OF Foreign Wars Auxiliary and
the Fathers Of Sons Overseas.
A special meeting will be Aug.
10 at s o'clock at Veterans Hall.
sou n. Huron ST.. for Veterans of
Foreign Wars Post 240S. the Aux
Hilary to the post and the Fathers
OF Overseas Club. to make final
plans.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Women Promise
Tin Drive Help

Assurances OF cooperation in the
coming collection OF tin. have been
received from many womens or
ganizations OF the city. by Mrs
Ross Hall. president OF the Ypsi.
lanti MONS club who have charge
Of the drive. ITS Just a matter Of
explaining the need to these wom-
en-" she said, "and they promise
to help us"
Among those who are calling
upon their members TO organize the
collection are, The Research Club
Of which Mrs. Horace Corbett Is
president; The Methodist Women's
Society for Christian Service, Mrs.
Gerald Kelly. chairman; The Lad
les Aid Of the Lutheran Church.
Mrs. Rote Holmes, vice president;
The Huron Navy Mothers Club.
Mrs. Clifford Woodside. chairman:
and the Harriet MONS club Of
which Mrs. Amanda Wickliffe Is
president.
The Japs still control more than
80 per cent Of the world supply
of tin and America must depend
upon "the tin mines in the kitchen ="
The cans should have the top
and bottom removed after which
they should be flattened to con-
serve shipping space. Collection
in Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor win
be made at the same time.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Car Prices to
eLike 1912

Detroit, Aug. 7-AP-A Detroit
paper in a dispatch from its Wash.
ington bureau today says that the
new passenger automobiles now
going into production will in
most Instances be sold to the pub
lie at 1912 prices
Demands by the manufacturers
to increase prices over previous
levels by as much as 25 per cent,
will be denied by the OPA under
present plans" the dispatch addsl
Some few models that did not
participate in the increases Of 1912
over 1871 prices" the dispatch con-
tinues, will be permitted increas-
es for their 1876 models, officials
declaraI.
But the report Of OPA's manu-
facturfng and pricing analysts. who
have been in Detroit and other au-
tomotive centers going over the
books with company officials. is
that - general price boost is justi-
fled. Die officials said. An an
nouncement OF this is expected
within two weeks"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Tokyo Likely
to be Next
Target
fRv Associated PressN


Reverberations OF a single terri
flying bomb which possible obliter-
ated a Japanese military city yes
terday drowned out the roar OF
high explosives rained by 125 Su-
perforts today on Toyokawa naval
arsenal 175 miles southwest of To-
kyo.
London predicted the Allies would
hand Japan a new ultimatum pack
ing the power OF the atomic bomb
that blasted Hiroshima. Emperor
Hirohitos advisers would have a
choice between unconditional sur
render within 4S hours or oblivion
for their sacred islands.
Washington mentioned Tokyo it,
self or another key Nipponese city,
as the next probable target OF the
terrible atomic Bomb.
Admits Damage
Tokyo, in the cautious words OF
an Imperial communique. admitted
considerable damage" was caused
to Hiroshima by the new type
bombs" Apparently destruction
was so great the Nipponese war
lords couldn't believe It was a sing
lie bomb. Rail transportation to-
the city on the southern shores OF
Japan's main. island was cut off.
"Details are now under investiga-
tion," Nippon's high command said.
Some sources in washington sug-
gested the "details" would show
the city of more than 100000 per-
sons was just about wiped ont
by the single bomb.
Strict Censorship
While a strict military censor
ship bottled up details of just
what happened to Hiroshima, cryp-
tic official reports and results OF
experiments with the atomic bomb
indicated 1t was something like
this:
The bomb burst with q binding
flash. Billowing clouds Of smoke.
debris and multi-colored gases blan-
keted the city. Some of the city
simply vanished under atomic dis
indignation. Japan trembled for
miles around as though shaken by
one of the islands familiar earth
quakes.
The bomb, which may be packed
by the new B-32, was described as
1000 times as destructive as any
other bomb and carrying an explo-
siye power equivalent to 10000
tons Of TINT: A pea sized amount
of the atomic death can excavste
a hole large enough to hold house.
Explains Hints
dwelling OF the atomic bomb
perhaps explains why some COM
manders in the Pacific have limited
that the war against Japan might
be won from the air. The Nip
ponese have no defense against
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
in
.Zoniing Voted

City Council Monday evening
voted to make no coming change
in the area southeast of the inter-
section of Forest and N. Adams
St.. since a majority Of the prop
erty owners objected to a pro-
posal to make lots fronting on the
two streets commercial.
ON request of the owners OF
land lying at the rear Of the lots i'm
question. council decided to leave
1t industrial.
City planning commission had
recommended change to CONNER
cial in the belief that, since there
is already a nucleus OF commercial
enterprises there, it would be a
logical selection.
The affected land lies north OF
a line extended easterly from Olive
st. and east OF the Huron River.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
improvement at
Gas Plant Okayed

Minor improvements at the city
gas plant were approved by the
Board OF Public Works at their
regular meeting Monday night at
the gas office. The cost is not ex-
pected to exceed $500.
The Board of Public Works au-
thorized the installation OF a turbin
driven fan as a supplement to the
fan in operation, as a blast draft in
the water gas system at the gas
plant The turbine and the fan
are already on hand, ready to in
stall and will guarantee contin.
ued service IL one OF the fans
should break down. Another mea-
sure to insure continuous service
at the plant was the order to pur-
chase a motor and install an Eek
hauster", a pump to move gas
from one holding tank to another.
The board also approved the re-
placement Of two inch steam line
with a four inch, also on the water
gas system.
Routine bills were approved.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
u. of NJ. MAY
Use Village

Ann Arbor, Mich. Aug. 7-AP-
University OF Michigan students
are faced with a critical" housing
shortage that requires drastic
steps" for immediate solution.
One solution advanced was the
establishment OF specialized cours-
es of campus. The spokesman cited
four-months class in small bust
ness management for veterans as
an example and said such classes
could be held at Willow Run VII
lage.
That was the report filed today
by a special University fact-finding
committee which has made a de.
tailed study Of housing conditions
in the Ann Arbor area.
The group made no specific re-
concentrations. but declared ANY
solution to the problem must come
through a radical change in the
university's approach to the hous-
ing problem
The report, prepared by the Bur-
eau OF Business Research of the
School OF Business Administration,
said the University has lost accom-
modations for 1856 students since
Pearl Harbor.
Some OF these housing units have
been made into apartments, while
others have been taken over by
war workers, the report said.
One University spokesman said
that a student body o: $500 now
appears to be the physical limit OF
the University unless additional
housing facilities are found.
He said University enrolment in
1904, the last peace-time academ-
ic year, totalled 1851 and that a
far greater total is expected after
the war when returning veterans
resume or begin their studies.
University officials said that no
prospective student has been de-
MED admission to the University
because OF housing shortage, but
added that II some solution is not
found they may be :orced to take
this step.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07

New York. Aug. 7-UP-U-
1856 can change the face OF the
earth in peace as we'll as war.
The power behind the atomic
bomb can be harnessed to pro-
duce the Utopia that men have
dreamed OF through centuries
of war. depressions, famine and
disease.
A scientist predicted five
years ago that development Of
U.235 could bring within a cen
tury a world In which there is
no need for war; a world in
which there are no houses,
railroads or highways.
DR.. r. NJ. LANCER. physics
research associate at the CAL
ifornia Institute OF Technology,
said that U-235 could create
a civilization in which man
would dwell underground for
better living: where national
boundaries would be obsolete
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Terrifying Atomic Bomb Seen as
Quick Instrument For Ending War
LdW Makers
ELated by
Bomb

Washington, Aug. 7-AP-Elated
legislators today forecast that the
atomic bomb would shorten the ia
panese war and might mark the
trail for revolutionary peacetime
development OF cheap energy
President Humans announce.
ment that the worlds most destruc-
tive missile has been dropped on
Japan found members of the SEN
ate Military and Appropriation
Committees ready to act on White
House bidding as soon as Congress
reconvenes in October.
Mr.. Truman suggested congress
sional establishment of a commits
sion TO control the production and
use of the atomic energy which
gives the bomb its tremendous de-
structive power.
The fact that the bomb was be-
ing developed-one of the wars
best-kept secrets-has been known
to some senators for more than
two years.
Swift Transition
Chairman Thomas (D-Utah) told
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Truman Near
Shores

Washington, Aug. 7-AP-Pres.
ident Truman, nearing home today
with a satchel full OF international
agreements, will find the domestic
pot boiling with problems.
First off Mr. Truman must com
plete his manuscript for the radio
report to the nation he is expected
to make within the next day or two
on what happened when he sat
down with Generalissimo Stain.
Prime Minister Attlee and former
Prime Minister Churchill. ......
The Big Three Potsdam com.
munique left unanswered such
questions as the use to which Ger.
man prisoners are to be put, how
European relief will be handled and
whether newsmen actually are go
ing to be permitted to report on
what happens inside Poland and
the Balkan countries.
Senator Vandenberg (R-Mich)
called on the Big Three yesterday
to guarantee news freedom privi.
leges in those areas as a check on
the freedom OF elections there.
Whether Mr.. Truman answers
any OF these queries, he apparently
is going to have to say something
about the size Of the army. Some
legislators lately have been bear.
ing down on the key that the Army
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Var in Brief
,Rv Assoclalfd Pressl


Japan-Trains were Cancelled
into Hiroshima where the worlds
first etomic bomb-equal to 10000
tons OF TNT-was dropped Mon.
day. The Imperial command dis
closed that extensive destruction
was done and they believed more
than one bomb was dropped. De
moli1on bombs from 125 B-29s hit
Toyokawa naval arsenal. More
than 400 Far East Air Force bomb
ers and fighters raided the Kyushu
Port OF Tarumi Sunday.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. pressed
new drives against japanese iso.
lated in three groups in northern
Luzon's mountains.
chlna-Chinese troops captured
Yeungkong, highway junction 125
miles southwest OF Canton.
Burma--Allied patrols crossed
Sittang River channel so miles
north Of Rangoon.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-08-07
Brazil Holds
Colombia Ship

Rio de Janeiro. Aug. 7-AP-Re.
ports from the Brazilian frontier
today said Brazilian military au-
thorities had detained a Colombian
gunboat pending investigation OF
collision in which the Brazilian
river vessel "Aiudante" was sunk
on an upper tributary OF the Anna.
zon Aug. l with a heavy loss OF
life.
Dead and missing from the "Aiu-
dante were estimated at 81 by
the formal de Commerce.. Planes.
boats and land parties joined in
the search for bodies and possible
survivors
The formal said IS survivors had
arrived downstream at Manaus.
The collision occurred in a region
not far from the Brazilian. Colon
bian and Peruvian frontiers. which
has been the scene Of past Colon
bian-Peruvian border disputes.