davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-03

Gestapo Chief Heinrich Himmler, re-
lying on his personal troops estimated
to total between 100000 and O,O00,
has decided to defend to the bitter
end the approaches to Berlin and the
capital itself. Many observers believe
this will be the last organized stand
OF the Hitler forces before they go
underground and attempt to fight q
guerrilla war as best they can
But observers closely following the
drama which is developing in the east
point out that few if any forces of
the regular Wehrmacht have been
engaged in real battle. 1t is also point
ed out that, contrary to previous prac-
tice, the official German communicates
do not mention the names of COM
manders in action. While in the first
stages of the Russian offensive the
names of Field Marshal Keitel, Col.
Gen. Guderian, Field Marshal Won
WEIGHS and other headliners of Ger
man military might were announced
as leading the German defensive forces,
no names are carried now.
This is considered significant because,
in Germany more than in any other
country, the mention of some prominent
commander who had won battles in the
past or had been able to perform some
remarkable withdrawal under difficult
conditions, inspires confidence and
gives hope to the military and home
fronts. The news blackout applied to
the high command is interpreted to
mean that many Of the former we'll
known German field marshals and gen.
erals may have disappeared They have
either been arrested, as rumors from
neutral capitals indicate, or may have
taken trip eastward intending to
join their comrades of the Free Ger
many Committee.
~
That the brunt of the resistance to
the advancing Russians is falling on
the untried and poorly trained Volks-
sturm forces is evident from Moscow
communiques.
A number of SIS organizations
totaling probably not more than 200,-
600 men-are believed to be still fanat-
ically devoted to Hitler and his hench-
men. 1t is probable that the Fuehrer,
who Is reported to have gone to his
hideout at Berchtesgaden, is relying on
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Will Berlin Stund q Sieoe?

Inc SCeady approach OF vast Rus
sian armies inevitably raises the
question of the defense of Berlin
This, in turn, may be considered
from two angles-the strategic and
the psychological. In other words,
one should first examine Berlin's
physical defensibility and, secondly,
the will to resist possessed by both
the military forces and the civilian
population.
In the classic military sense. Berlin
does not rate high in ability to
undergo siege The capital and
metropolis of the Reich sprawls in
terminably across sandy plain, with
no natural defenses except chain
of lakes which lie to the westward.
The small river Spree, which bisects
the city, is strategically Insignificant.
However, experience during the
past decade has radically revised
traditional military estimates of
urban defensibility. Madrid, Lenin-
grad, Stalingrad and other note
worthy places have shown that even
wholly unfortified cities can be for
midable obstacles if built of solid
materials and defended by resolute
garrisons backed by dogged civilian
support. Bombardment actually
seems to strengthen the sdefense by
welding the ruins into one vast bar
ricade which must be conquered
piecemeal by enemy infantry and
light mechanical equipment against
deadly resistance. Berlin's heart, an
almost solid core of massive struc-
lures some five miles square, with
only one extensive open space, the
Tiergarten. near its western end,
should be capable of prolonged de-
fense of this sort. while the outer
belt of industrial suburbs. dotted
with factories, might become series
of miniature fortresses. Current
press dispatches indicate that
trenches and barricades are being
welded into a defense system by
masses of civilian and captive labor
working in a frenzy of fear.
Berlin is a gigantic target. With
a metropolitan area of 34l square
miles, it's population on the eve of
the present war was nearly 4,500000.
Repeated Allied air bombardments
have gravely damaged the city. and
much of it's population has been
evacuated. though the recent stream
of refugees from the east has prob
ably swelled it again. The capture
of Berlin would not necessarily be
death blow to German resistance
Economically it's value has already
been impaired by air bombings.
Strategically it is not vital to West
ern or Southern Germany, Psyche
logically. its fall would not compare
in German minds with that of Paris
to the French or London to Britain.
Berlin is modern city, its greatness
really dating from the foundation of
the Hohenzollern Empire in 1871.
Architecturally it is mediocre, and it's
destruction would mean scant loss to
the artistic world. Indeed, there is a
distinct possibility that, with the
changed postwar status of Germany,
Berlin may never be rebuilt on its
preWar scale.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

An overworked, understaffed and un-
derpaid Congress has begun the work
OF ation-which is to 60 for
ward primarily through a joint study
committee Of both houses This COM
mittee can study with advantage the
report just made on The Reorganiza-
tion of Congress by committee of 10
nationally known political scientists for
the American Political Science Asso-
citation. The report, resulting from
four years of research. is absorbingly
interesting.
The recommendations of the polit-
ical scientists fall into three main cat
egories: % To enable Congress to
work more efficiently and to stuff off
nonlegislative work, (2) to enable Con-
gress TO formulate a legislative pro-
gram of its own and 90 to improve re-
lations between the Congress and the
President, thereby making for better
government.
Congress, because of its archaic meth
DDS of work and procedure, its inability
to make proper research and to devel-
op needed legislation, has been the
butt of criticism. It has been charged
with failures that were not of its own
making, also because it has been unable
to make clear to the country its own
position.
II representative government is to
continue, it is essential that the Ma
tional Legislature-the most representa-
tive department of Government-become
efficient and be restored to a position
of respect in the eyes of the American
people. If this is to be accomplished,
some means must be found to avoid
Congress that is mere rubber stamp
for a dominating Executive on the
one hand and on the other avoid
purely recalcitrant Congress whose only
interest is to defy and to hamstring
the Executive.
The report of the committee of the
American Political Science Association
proposes the establishment of a legis-
lative council, composed of the Vice
President. the Speaker, the majority
leaders in both chambers and the
chairmen of the standing committees
(Which are to be reduced in number
to plan the legislative program of Con-
gress and to promote more effective
liaison and cooperation with the Ex-
ecutive. This legislative council, as
planned would be a majority party
affair without membership from the
minority party. The majority In Con-
gress, however, under our two-party
system. must, in the opinion of the
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Allied Hour of Opportunity
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

defensive crust. the Germans launched
their counterattack in the Ardennes,
committing to it the major portion of
their strategic reserves. They did this
in order to avoid having to deal with
western and an eastern offensive
simultaneously, for they knew that the
Russians were going to strike as soon
as the ground froze to sufficient depth
in East Prussia and Poland.
The Ardennes operation, however,
while it upset Allied plans and forced
certain dislocations of Allied troops, did
little to diminish the growing Allied
concentration of power in Belgium and
the Southern Netherlands. Indeed, it
increased the relative striking power Of
the Allies because of the disproportion-
ately heavy losses in men and materiel
which were sustained by Won Rund-
stedt's best divisions.
The Germans have not, therefore,
escaped the dilemma of simultaneous
eastern and western offensives. They
have merely shifted the incidence of
those offensives. If they had not struck
in the Ardennes they would have had
the western offensive first, the Russians
little later while they were still fully
engaged in the west; now they have had
the eastern offensive first and will get
the western offensive a little later, but
while they are still fully engaged in the
east. Only they are now much less able
to meet the many men, tanks and guns
in the Ardennes and Alsace.
%A
It looks very much as though the
German armies Of the west are, after all
their endeavors to escape it, going to
have to fight battle Of decision between
the Siegfried Line and the Rhine, with
the great river at their backs. Most of
the bridges over the Rhine. have now
been destroyed or damaged: they have
been the repeated targets of Allied heavy
bombers during the past few weeks.
It is, of course, possible that the Ger
mans will attempt to evade decisive
fight in the west, at least for the i'm
mediate future, by withdrawing behind
the Rhine; it would be desperate
expedient, full Of risk and uncertainty.
depending on the weather to escape
major disaster, but desperate situations
call for desperate measures and the
Germans certainly are in desperate
situation.
t0opyrisht. 1e4S.l
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Dividends From Democracy
from the Kansas City Times.


There appears no reason to doubt the
ktncerity Of the welcome accorded to
our forces by the inhabitants of Leyte.
Never in my widest dreams" says one
observer, did expect to witness such
scenes as those which greeted American
troops returning to the Philippines"
Nearly three years of japanese intrigue
and intimidation evidently have alto
gether failed to undermine Filipino
American relations.
Our enemy, we may be sure, employed
every possible device to destroy the
basis of confidence upon which these
relations rest. But even the powerful
weapon of racial prejudice proved un-
availing. The slogan of Asia for the
Asiatics," which is reported to have
gained substantial number of converts
elsewhere in Japan's misnamed co-pros-
perity sphere, seems to have fallen al
most completely fat in the Philippine
Commonwealth.
Evening star., 1945-02-03

The hour of opportunity for a major
Anglo offensive against the
western defenses Of Germany seems to
be at hand.
The Germans once more are reduced
to static defense in the west This
is due to the heavy losses sustained by
their mobile reserve during the battle
of the Ardennes and the subsequent
German withdrawal, and by the trans
fer of part of the western reserves
(probably the 9Th Panzer Army to the
eastern front. What remains is almost
certainly too weak to cope with an
Allied break through.
We see this clearly in the German
inability to stop the British mop-up
of the Sittard triangle and the advance
to the Roer all along the line from
Roermond to Linnich; in the abandon
ment by the Germans of their pres
tige' offensive in Alsace; in the fact
that the Germans have been compelled
to leave their garrison in the Colmar
pocket to its fate; and in the German
abandonment of equipment of some of
the fortified outpost positions of the
Siegfried Line in the area east of Mons
chau and st. With.
The Germans have lost the initiative
along the whole western front; they
were too weak to exploit their tempo
rary success in the Ardennes, too weak
to exploit local success in Alsace, and
this western weakness Is born of an
overall weakness which now forces
them to the defensive in the west the
moment really heavy demands begin to
be made on their eastern front.
y X
But the passing of the Germans to
the defensive in the west comes at an
unpropitious moment for Berlin. Up to
December the Allied high command
had been compelled, for supply reasons,
to fight battle of attrition along the
whole front It was unable to gather
concentrated superiority In. any sector
for major break through for the excel
lent reason that its supply situation
did not permit this to be done.
The opening Of Antwerp changed this
situation and began to allow sufncient
flow of supplies, and reinforcements
for q major offensive concentration
on the northern sector OF the Allied
front. Before this could be translated
into . break-throush Of the German
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Envy the Purp

To the Editor of The STAR
read in The Star of a party given
to "T Hicks. the pedigreed Airedale pet
of Col. Thomas H. Lowe. The ham,
burger cake looked very tempting after
our meal Of dehydrated pork sausage,
dehydrated potatoes, dehydrated cab
bage and dehydrated synthetic lemon
juice. .
I noticed that the guests gave their
hearty approval to the cake. Any man
in my outfit would give his approval of
it also.
The dog biscuits that he nibbled on
while waiting for his guests to arrive
couldn't be bit worse than ones that
we get in our K rations.
Here's hoping that we get some of
that select hamburger one of these days.
CORPL. E. T. PLUMER
And II Hungry Buddies.
Dutch East Indies.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Postwar National Defense

Postwar, universal military train
Ing Is the sort of issue which in
vites controversy under any condi-
tions. It is notable, however, for the
distinguished nature of the opposi-
ton. Not long ago the Federal Coun-
Gil of Churches of Christ in America,
declining to pass on the merits of
universal military training, asked
Congress not to take it up now. That
stand is currently supported, even
more emphatically, by twelve out
standing American educators, rep
resenting as many universities.
The educators make the point that
"the basic issue is not compulsory
military training but adequate ma
tional defense for the future" That
Is exactly the point made by the
military men. They argue that this
Is the time to adopt postwar military
training for all young men as
national policy Their position is
that if we are talking about adequate
national defense, and not talking
about the effects on our traditions,
our educational systems or other re-
lated subjects. universal military
training is the way to secure it. We
were handicapped in our efforts to
block this war by the common
knowledge that we were unprepared
ourselves to back up what we said.
The strongest argument for universal
military training is that we should
not be SO unprepared again.
Compulsory military training. the
educators say. is only one of "sev-
eral measures" to ENSURE our ade-
quate defenses and to give us
military and naval strength COM
mensurate with our international
commitments in the postwar world"
Yet the military men regard it as
keystone of postwar national defense,
without regard to the military and
naval strength necessary to fulfill
postwar commitments. Such COM
nitments, from the military point
of view, will be met by profession
al army and navy of volunteers, not
by conscripts. Compulsory training
has nothing to do with that force.
The purpose of universal training
Is to create, in addition to a stand
Ing volunteer army and navy a ma
tional reserve of trained men, ready
for an emergency.
Like the ministers, the educators
fear that if Congress orders postwar
military training at this time the
decision in itself would weaken, in
the eyes of the world our faith in
and dependence on international
peace machinery. To which the an
swer is that we are better able to
give force and direction to interna-
tional peace machinery by having
the physical means to back up what
we stand for.
There is one point on which the
military men would agree with the
educators That is that such COL
lateral issues as the physical, edu-
cational and social advantages of
military training are beside the
point. The important question is
whether that training is necessary
for national defense. With the eX-
pert testimony available in support
OF the contention that it is, Congress
would be we'll advised to make the
decision in favor of it now. Post
poning the decision until after the
war will be to postpone it indefinite
ly.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Singapore forget

The destruction by our Super For
tresses of Singapore's great floating
drydock-the worlds biggest. capable
of handling the mightiest of war
ships-must come as hard blow to
the Japanese. Their navy which
early in the war seemed so we'll en-
trenched in the Pacific. now pos
sesses no base securely beyond the
range of our air power. This means
that their battered fleet, in being
repaired and reconditioned. must
cope with the constant threat of
being caught in a sitting duck posi-
ton and pounded in such way as
to make extremely difficult any effort
to replace losses or return damaged
units to service. Thus, the sinking
of the drydock is bound to have a
telling effect on repair schedules
vital to whatever plans Tokyo may
have to counter our operations in
the Philippine area and the South
China Sea. The Singapore base as
a whole, which has been attacked
three times up to now by the B-29s,
seems slated to become one of the
prime targets of our air power, to be
subjected to ever more frequent and
ever heavier blows until it becomes
as useless to the enemy as Manila
Bay is today. And when that day
arrives, the japanese Navy what
little will be left of twill have no
safe haven anywhere, not even in the
waters of the home islands, which is
another way of saying that Hiro-
hito's empire will no longer have the
means of holding itself together and
will therefore be virtually at an end.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Teachers Editorial Appreciated

Teachers Editorial Appreciated
To the Editor of The Star:
! just want to say q word In praise
OF your excellent editorial in The SUM-
day Star for January 28 regarding the
status Of teachers salaries in Washing
ton. It is fine thing for your paper
to point out the injustice and inequity
OF the teachers positions with sta
tionary salary in the face of greatly
increased living costs.
trust that your editorial will lead to
some remedial action in regard to the
salary situation. DAVID LINDSEY.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Plenty Deep, Too

From the Memphis Commercial Appeal.
Pictures now available from the Paris
area suggest very plainly that the hats
might better have been left underground
or wherever they were.
Evening star., 1945-02-03
Thanks for Dimes Workers

To the Editor of The Star:
May I send my usual letter of thanks
to all the kind people who stood out in
the rain and the cold and used their
best efforts to make the Mile O. Dimes"
. success? Work like that lives on
forever. MRS. q. Il. B.
Evening star., 1945-02-03

If shelter is being built for Blaze,
celebrated flying dog, it might be
wise to have it big enough to accom-
modate numerous other residents OF
the doghouSe.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10
-, .noNlNS 0El''
'rRIl BRlpi>

-, .uoNER> BkiN"
rGIl pHIp'N
mispias ~ = Ausl-
I', 81 su.lIss 'r''nd /, ''s !. ?
ns -. 10 hride- % me OF
psr'' 4, ,grll bef're lo"E
mn' s.smmenlils pi'. ee'o'n,
'' a. d rn'.. paIaId a., ana
q ~, c,riyl, siii ss'o0' Mrs.
~, \. ssrlss Fishers e,'' sI n.y. !, :
~ s. \ 10 % .oi h +. / Rer,
'' ,'as 7 &, Aa.i H,'ry ann
|s,. Fisher rs hn''''Nn er'
~, I. ~ efH nm several
s'''' ,o.,sr. Who sfe i'fmrf
~, (. Anas 'ese we've "
.,,,. s.n i.e y and n. W.
,n,. q l'.a w.
80 Ntw sohoHs
.bol town Vrie a fe"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10
Baby Contest
Gains Momentum

The NAAcr Mammoth Sab,
on'esf scheduled 10 close Anril
j gained momentum this veek
when several additional bahies
~ere registered
Mrs Ardeia Hcsih. ou,s4nd.
ing olph and civic woman IS
chairman % ne contest Rabns
np 20 two Years ~ aec afe ,ii-f.
'le 20 enter Two prizes wHl
pc offered IN m, form of us
bonds REGISTER YOpR RABy
NOW by callins Mrs Hoath RI
TRtHy lOs6> o. The NAAcf
office RAJ 62te
The foiioanr babies to.dat,
IN the contest are
Baby Geraldine Turner. as
Haipcr entered bs Mrs. ,erv
BABY Joseph Davidson en,srea
by Mrs Ayler Of sSs1 Nsrr.cs
Bahg Ncnnefh walton entered
hy Mrs War o. 54sl Brush
Baby Herbert Earl Gibson on
tered by Mrs. WYNN Of 1855 Or
leans.
BABY Patricia Hardy entered
ny Mrs Ethel Kaigler.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10

liver sermon vent Rev Horace
a White q. Plymouth conefe-
rstlonal church Miss Nlbciliu,
Johnson Of our local TEACHERS.
burneyed 70 Washington u c.
last ~cck 20 Visit her parents. Or
aud Mrs a Johnson In Ann Ar
nor whore Nouis truly spent the
week cnd Vs. gllmpsci Nrssc,s r
j. Jackson and Lyi,l Riddle from
peitou Also planning trp IN
from Ann Arhor 20 visit his hroth
~ Edward swami We saw R'l
Swan 10 IS former inslntD a.
Gary Indiana and Is now sfaa,lhg
for another degree a the % NJ
4 longer trek last week VAS
made by Giosicr y cmreni who
went 70 New YORK Tor tho NAAcp
Md coming 70 ne'roi' from Ncw
Yort VAS Mrs G a Crawford
who has been visiting claiiyes Out
Fast for several davs Back home
win us again are Mrs samuel n
Thomas and Mrs Alf Thoma
SRI who recently Vent 20 Tuske
goo n ,isi' their sister and son and
danrhfef-in law Cant and Mrs
Nlfred r. Thomas
Guests ~ Mrs Charlotte Howard
for a fow hours las week we're
VS. Henty Moore ~ New York
civ and Ms ldrla Nayner ~
pofi llpnn WAS rnos' ~ MA
Ernestue postles
A.ncv addition lp oef ci's Ms
= Palmer who comos from s.
tonis she IS tNe wa 70 Or Pail
NOR ~ paekslae b pi'al s.an
norS lean Norton s'adcni
~ Virginia mon went recently
viih D raNv ~ sfheol huns
ond fe lon ia university Ri
N.ashreim q oihcfs IN lhe
nn We're lery re'le, vtrra
NORRIS ard cloria jefferson
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10
Ns'..'iive
Roaors Retired
Officer

SCI Nin 4 lulff VOL known
member n utiinn ,eierwe 81,
Vision Police Dcpattmcfl WHe
feceiriy fcised ~ snier private
lifc. WAS tAo honosed sucst fi-
day evening a~t Meek OF De-
lociife WIN " simmons.
The delchiiui OCCASION WAS
attended by rank ana Tile OF
special iptesiiearion department
of winch Mr. Fuller had beeu
= member II was held IN Ma,
palaliai honc OF Alt and Mls
simmons. sqsS lroquois and was
rendered ~ct Fuller rs lleta-
tive Simmons who had hcen the
laucrs last parn,r in me ha.
zafdous hasin' IS OF pohcc sors
Numerous Sits Wcse presented
20 Mr Frll,r as an expression
81 comladcship and friendship
eneendered between men who fol-
low me ne OF policeman or
detective Among these WAS
leather hillfold containing a sum
of money, With tho name OF the
recipient engraved on IL This
came from me menhers of De-
teciNe Bureau. presented hy
Chief Wencel.
With The assisran on his
charming wife Detective SIM
mons had prepared an elaborate
luncheon and with everything
supplemented available
Among those present were
Pau X wcncel chief ~ De.
t"ciivcs Inspector Georee Nc
lellan and IT, and, Dpaf Spe.
cial lnscsiieaiion DIVISION De-
troll Police Department Il D.
PINS retired detective. SGT I'D
White fetl'dl Sal Drorl Ru-
hsriord petecnyo rafl f.lazicr
Casper Peaks, Wash Hardy and
Eddie Ghin,s
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10
HUSBANDS
ENTERTAIN
WIVES

Members OF tho la verra's
Climb 2 etonp ~ young mairons
vere the guests of their NUS
hands saturday 81 past week
The hilarious affair WAS held III
The recreation room 81 the "
5 Fuller sii rowhrdge. An
nuaily al Christmas. fhe wives
entertain their husbands 50 not
70 he ouidone ,he mer.toiAs.
whose Vites comprise me la
NerHas group decided 70 reci-
plocare They did 50 FRIDAY eve
ming IN grand style The only
hitch. WAS that some of the
hosts unfamiliar win the ni,i-
ties of serving 80 etfetc an or
SANITATION finally bad 10 seek
the aid OF their respective spous-
rs before refreshments made app
pearanee
An elaborate Hidniehf luncheon
~ chicken aSsoriments 81 sa-
Lads sandwiches crrueaonts.
hot rolls, coffee. cake and ice
cream. supplemented with iiQuid
refreshments including exe norc
prepared hy Nj Fuller an ex-
rcr added me proper touch to
The nights funnery
An added attraction was an
artistic musical number rendered
by Mrs Eillan Camp, with
games cf varipus kinds thrown
IN for good measure and diver
sion
Members of the club and their
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-03-10

husbands present were NJ and
Mrs Robt BAL. Alr and Mrs.
Nm Camp Nr srd Mrs Vim 5.
Fuller Mr. and Mrs Ear CAR
Jet, Mr. aud Mrs Fa0asd Gienn.
Mf aua Mrs Gerard Greene Mr.
nt Mrs hefhetf Miller N and
Mrs. Oswald NlcGhee ana Mr and
Mrs. Edward Parker