The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-13

The President had ordered the
Navy to shoot at Axis submarines
on sight in what he called Amer.
lean defense waters.
The day after Italy entered the
war against collapsing France. Nj
Roosevelt said in a commencement
address at the University or Vir-
ginia, "On this tenth day OF June.
1910. the hand that held the dagger
has struck II into the back OF its
neighbor.'
-Four Freedoms Proclaimed
The statement was one OF the
most militant and emotion-arous
Ing he had ever made. America 5
war policies were developing
swiftly in the Presidents mind.
In the midst OF all his prepare.
lions for emergency, the President
had proclaimed to Congress his
famed -four freedoms" freedom
OF speech and religion. freedom
from want and fear-as fundamen-
tai TO perpetual harmony among
nations.
part, those concepts formed
the basis for that doctrine Of peace
aims. the Atlantic Charter" draft
ed by the President and Prime
Minister Churchill in their first
meeting.
In August, 1871, Mr.. Roosevelt
set off on a fishing" cruise and
Mr.. Churchill disappeared from
London. They met aboard war
ships anchored off the Newfound-
land coast. one meeting was held
aboard the British battleship the
Prince of Wales, later sunk by Jap
anese bombers in the Southwest
Pacific. Other meetings were
aboard the American cruiser Angus
ia. From their deliberations came
the charter, later subscribed to b.
all the United Nations, which spoke
out for:
Friendship With Churchill
No territorial ACKNOWLEDGMENT;
no territorial changes opposed by
peoples concerned: the right OF
all peoples 10 choose their own
form Of government: equal access
by all states TO world trade and
raw materials; full international
collaboration, economically and so
cially: a peace assuring all nations
safety within their borders and
freedom from want and fear; free
dom OF the seas; disarmament OF
agressors and a permanent system
Of general security
From that original meeting In
the Atlantic there developed be-
tween Mr.. Roosevelt and Mr.
Churchill, a profound affection and
confidence.
A fortnight after the United
States entered the conflict, Mr..
Churchill put in a dramatic, un-
heralded appearance in Washing
ton.
Outlines Huge Program
He found the American Chiei
Executive still turning out In be-
wildering protusion the proclama-
tons and executive orders which
shifted the nation from peace t
war.
Thirty days after Pearl Harbor,
Congress gasped when the Chiei
Executive proposed two-year pro
duction OF $4,000 planese, 10000
tanks. 5000 anti-aircraft guns and
$4,000, 900 tons OF shipping.
But when Mr.. Churchill arrived
in Washington on that bleak De
cember day in 1871, the prospects
OF the Allies were grim indeed.
Allies Fortunes Improve
For "a days. he and the President
with the assistance of their rank
ing military advisers, toiled tt
chart the initial course for their
two countries in overcoming a pow
erful foe.
They roughed out plans for an
invasion of North Africa in Noyem
her 1912. They set up joint Anglo
American strategy and supply
boards. And, on New Years day,
1912, they promulgated "Declar'
alton by the United Nations IN
which each signatory subscribed TO
the principles OF the Atlantic Char-
ter. pledged the use OF It's full re-
sources against the Axis and prom
ised TO shun a separate peace.
Against a backdrop OF Allied re-
verses on fronts around the world,
a second Roosevelt-Churchill meet
ing in Washington took place. In