davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18

Our great captain returns. crowned
with the laurels of his deathless victories
He comes back to us, to receive our
welcome and some poor expression Of
our gratitude for all that he has done
for US and for generations Of Amer
icans-and Of free peoples everywhere
TO whom he will be not living friend
but = glorious memory.
He wears his laurels modestly. He
does not seem to know that in the
pages of military history the name Of
Dwight D. Eisenhower win stand with
those great captains who have gone
before him, those whom Napoleon bade
us study If we would know war: Alex
ander, Hannibal, Caesar, Gustavus.
Turenne, Frederick with Napoleon
himself, with the great soldiers of
Britain-Marlborough and Wellington
with the great soldiers of our own
DECENTRALIZATION, Scott, Grant. Lee
and Pershing.
Yet it viii be SO.
Indelibly and for all time, the name
Of Eisenhower is inscribed on the roll
of the great captains of history.
Not yet can We view In clear per-
spective what he has done to write it
there, but We see q little more clearly
than we did during the hours when we
were waiting in breathless anxiety for
every dispatch from his headquarters.
We saw him 60 into North Africa
with very small forces indeed. We saw
him beset by difficulties of every kind,
not all of them military difficulties.
We saw him overcome those difficulties
and We saw him, in several short
months. hurl the Germans headlong out
of the African continent. with the COM
plete destruction Of their army in
Tunisia.
We saw him follow through with
that swift, relentless exploitation of sue
cess which will be one Of hts chief claims
to military greatness.
It did not seem swift to us ut the
time, for we are IN impatient people,
but actually 1t was swift to the very
limit Of boldneSs. We saw him seize
the island Of Sicily, and we saw, follow
ing hard on the heels Of this success,
the seizure of Southern Italy. These
blows knocked Italy out Of the war and
converted the Mediterrean SEES into an
Allied lake
Then came another period of waiting.
German hopes rose = little. There was
much talk OF the Atlantic Wall. There
were gloomy prophesies ~ to the mil
lions Of men We would lose Is our
wave Of invasion was hurled back IN
bloody fragments into the channel
But our great captain chose his tims
and place wei, he prepared his in.
strsinsnt thnequshly-the greatest com.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
Interim in ltuIy

The political dilemma precipitated,
or perhaps better disclosed, by the
resignation Of Premier Ivanoe Bon
omi is a striking indication of Italy'A
muddled situation. No problem in
troubled postwar Europe is more
complex and. battling than that of
Italy. Certainly no easy or clearcut
solution has yet been proposed.
To begin with. ever since the Allied
invasion of Italy and the collapse of
Mussolini's Fascist regime, nearly
two years ago, the country has been
politically on provisional and
piecemeal basis. The liberation of
the peninsula from German DONNA
ton was a slow process which ended
only a few weeks ago with the COL
lapse of German resistance in the
north. Not until the north was freed
did a truly nationwide regime be-
come possible. Meanwhile. the pro-
visional government, which had be-
gun as a mere shadow under the
protection of the Allied armies in
Southern Italy and which had &C
quired more substance after the
Allied capture of Rome, lacked both
stability and authority. It's instabil-
ity was due to the fact that it was a
coalition of diverse elements which
did not agree amongst themselves
but which adjourned their basic diff
ferences until the end of the struggle
against the Germans and their Fas-
cist supporters. The lack OF author
ity was due to the fact that Italy
itself had not recovered its sover-
eighty, but was controlled in the last
analysis by the Allies. Only now that
the general war in Europe is over
does It become possible for the Allies
to consider the termination of their
control and a settlement of their
relations with Italy on a dennitive
peacetime basis.
Obviously, the terms of the peace
settlement which the Allies will
grant must profoundly effect the
course of Italy's political evolution.
But. conversely, political trends
within Italy during this interim
period may well affect the attitude
and policy Of the Allies on the peace
settlement which they will eventu-
ally decide. Take, for instance, the
fate Of the monarchy, which Is per-
haps the most burning tissue In 1tal-
ian. politics today. An attempt u
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
On the Record
By Dorothy Thomb son

MUN1CH-The most striking thing
about the state OF the German mind
In those circles in which one would
expect to ind intellectual and moral
leadership. Is the almost total lack Of
personal initiative and q sense of re-
sponsibility. either for the past or of
the future.
In the middle classes, the German
the individual to train himself for spe-
cialized, administrative or technical
function, ind . niche. work in it for
4 lifetime and retire with . pension.
If had anything to say about German
re-education I think I would begin by
permanently abolishing all these sorts
Of pensions.
have become convinced by exhaus-
tive conversations with many Germans
in all walks of life-but especially with
those who, until the collapse of Ger
many were In administrative positions
that the reason why Hitler was able
to rule this country into ruin for itself
and the whole Of Europe. with An ex-
traordinary maintenance Of outer ef-
ficiency, was because it was q so-called
beamtenstaat administered by func-
tionaries who were willing to serve any
regime without the slightest feeling Of
personal responsibility for the policies
formed above, and with little more In
their heads than their own security.
4
This applies to military officers, civil
servants, salaried employees Of large
industries, teachers and university
professors. Young men and wom-
en- trained themselves for years for
all these professions, often at great per-
sonal sacrifice and often for positions
with small material reward but high
social standing and certain security But
once they got into the state or in
dustrial bureaucracy. all with seniority
rules, they were fixed for life. They
could not be dismissed except for NAL
feasance. They might rise or stay
where they were, but if they just stuck
for q SUFFICIENT number of years they
received full pay for the rest Of their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18

lives. and even widows drew pensions
for lifetimes. Therefore, never, to quit
was the aim Of their lives.
The moment Hitler came into full
possession of the powers of state he
made certain to have nine-tenths of
these trained, competent, docile pen
sion-waiting persons under his thumb.
In private, they might deplore the be-
havior of the Hitler regime, but it &C.
CURED TO very few of them that its
policies had anything to do with
their jobs
Even the Gestapo was largely stated
with ex-career police ofncials who, with
out raising questions in their own minds
regarding the nature OF justice, pa
tiently and conscientiously prepared
catalogues and dossiers concerning an
cestor certificates which became the
bureaucratic means for mass persecu-
tons and murders.
- -
They were but performing their duty
and obeying their superiors. They
truthfully can say that they never
were for" Hitler. But they willingly
accepted political and moral diSfran-.
chisement and they wore party buttons
like the tags we pin on when entering
the Pentagon Building. These were
the passes to their ONCE, faithful At-
tendance ut which would guarantee
that pension.
The infurating thing is that they
still DON'T see they were accessories to
crime. They are perfectly willing to
enter the same offices and perform the
same service for the Americans. They
look hurt and bewildered If the Ameri-
cans bypass them for less trained and
less competent amateurs. When finally
it gets through their heads that they
have lost those pensions, they will know
they have really lost the war.
There Is lesson in the German ex-
perience, however, for all freedom lovers
The universal insurance system Offering
old-age security for everyone Is another
matter. but people should receive it
because they are human beings and
earned 1t. never because they blindly
served the state and its institutions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
French Foreign Policy

The complex ana, IN some respects
contradictory character of French
foreign policy was revealed during
the course of an extended debate
last Friday in the Consultative As
sembly. This body is the nearest
thing to parliament which France
possesses during the political interim
period through which the country is
passing. Technically, nonconstitu-
tional, the provisional government
provides no effective legal check on
the diplomatic activity of the execu-
tive, which means General Charles
de Gaulle. And the general has used
his prerogative to conduct a "vigor-
Gus" foreign policy, asserting French
claims not only in the Levant but
also in Germany, Northern Italy and
elsewhere.
This asSertive policy has not only
produced tension between the provi-
sional government and foreign pow
ers but has also awakened misgivings
and criticism at home. despite De
Gaulle's assertion that he Is solidly
backed by the nation. It is an open
secret that the career diplomats of
the Quay d'Orsay do not see eye to
eye with the decisions taken by De
Gaulle and his intimates at his
headquarters in the Rue Saint-Do-
minique, while dissent has been
voiced in certain sections of the
Paris press.
Those objections were we'll sum-
married by several speakers in the
Consultative Assembly in the debate
above mentioned. The Syrian aspect
was emphasized by Madame Andre
Vienot, widow OF a distinguished
French diplomat who had been one
of the signers of the Franco-Syrian
treaty whose disputed Interpretation
was a major cause Of the present
troubles in the Levant. Nine. Vienot
asserted roundly: France has lost
the position she held and has also
lost face in the Near East, where we
are considered public enemy No. /
by the Pan-Arab League. But it
would be childish to put all the re-
sponsibility on England" Other
speakers stressed the need for a
thorough-going understanding with
Britain, held up by De Gaulle be-
cause he insists on a prior settle
ment of the Syrian Tissue and the
delimitation of the French zone of
occupation in Germany. the Syrian
crisis was referred to as second
Fashoda," the clash between French
and British imperial ambitions in
Africa which eventually led to
the general settlement, of colonial
spheres by the entente cordiale of
1904.
These criticisms were;replied to by
General de Gaulle and Foreign Min
lister Bidault. However, their tone
differed perceptibly. De Gaulle was
uncompromising in tenor. Bidault,
while defending the governments
foreign policy in general, admitted
that perhaps we have been guilty
OF plumbers and inopportune &C
lions" All this may indicate trend
toward sober second thoughts, if not
on the part of the general himself,
at least with sections of officialdom
and Of French public opinion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
Voluntary Defense

TO the Editor OF The Star:
The American Council on Education
has declared that II per cent Of Amer
lean college administrators oppose uni
versal military training.
But the results Of 4 survey taken
among college and university presidents.
conducted jointly with the American
Association of Junior colleges, show
that the majority Of the educators OPP
posing such training advocate an ade-
quate professional standing Army and
Navy recruited by voluntary enlistments.
In my opinion, the solution is very
simple. In real honest-to-goodness
National Guard and Naval Reserve
Force We have everything oflcers, men.
ships, planes, buildings, tanks and bill
lions Of dollars worth Of surplus sup
plies. Why, then, pass . peaeetims
eouscriptioni Harry v. PuoA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
An Essential Provision

Although france, Britain, Russia
and the United States, acting
through their four power Allied
Control Council, will exercise SUI
preme authority over Germany dur
ing the occupation period, they have
wisely declared their intention to
consult with other United Nations
in carrying out their enormously
difficult task. The problem, after
all directly affects more than
French. British, Russian or Amer
lean interests. and such consulta-
ton accordingly seems not only TT
ting but essential.
That the intention is not an empty
one is indicated by the fact that the
four powers have agreed that If
any one of them wishes to do so. it
may include among its occupying
forces auxiliary contingents" from
any other Allied country which has
participated actively in the war
against Germany. Moreover, in spe-
cial cases, nationals of other United
Nations may be appointed to the
numerous divisions of the control
staff which is to execute the de-
cisions of the overall Allied council.
Similarly. such countries as Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Belgium and the
Netherlands will be able to attach
liaison missions to the council.
Subject to the condition that they
will be subordinate and anSwerable
to the four power control machinery
If allowed to participate in the oc-
cupation, the United Nations chiefly
concerned thus will have some voice,
however limited, in the German stu
alton. To peoples like the Belgians
and Che Czechs, who will be the next
door neighbors of the future Ger
many whose final boundaries may
not be fixed for long time to come,
this must be matter of no little
Importance, for they will watch, even
more anxiously than the rest Of the
world, the policies and methods Of
the Allied council.
It is no exaggeration to say that
the character and duration of the
next peace will depend largely on
how France, Britain, Russia and the
United States succeed in migrating
their policies in Germany through
the mechanism of the council. If
genuine cooperation is achieved,
then it will be possible to move for
ward toward that day when the
fallen Nazi domain will no longer
have to be occupied and when the
neighboring small states will enjoy
. real sense of security. To this
end, these states, as members Of the
United Nations, may be able to offer
constructive advice to the four oc-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
New Librarian

The appointment OF DR.. Luther H.
Evans as Librarian of Congress had
been expected and will be welcomed
by the generality of people interested
in the greatest photographic estab-
lishment in the world. He has been
in charge of the work since Deem
Der last, is no stranger to the stan,
represents no revolutionary change
in administrative procedure. was
recommended by the library pro-
fession and may be relied upon to
continue to justify its confidence.
The size Of his task in the years to
come largely will depend upon his
personal conception of 1t, and those
contemporaries who know him best
believe him to be notably gifted in
Imagination as we'll as in practical
talent for getting things done.
Dr. Evans is a self-made success.
He came up from the ranks "the
hard way" earning every advance
ment in terms of labor of mind and
body. 1t therefore is natural for him
to understand the concerns of a
society whose history is like his own.
Earnest endeavor means more to
him than academic honors do. Yet
it would be mistake to think of him
as disregarding scholarship. His
principal hobby is reading the
classics. In the social sciences his
recently published survey of the
Virgin Islands proves his capacity as
a searcher for facts. His idealism
is humane. Himself cheerful, con-
genial individual. he seeks a happier
destiny for all mankind than it has
experienced in his lifetime.
The Library of Congress needs
such a friend. Conditions within its
walls since DR.. Herbert Putnam re-
tired have not been everything that
everybody wanted. Money has been
scarce. many of the most useful
employees have been underpaid, Ger
tain experimental reforms" have
not yielded the constructive results
anticipated for them, some of the
older personnel have been discour-
aged, some of the younger have left
to accept positions elsewhere in hope
that promotions might be more
rapid in new fields. During the post
war period there will be many
problems for DR.. Evans to solve. He
will desire and surely deserve the
generous help of the national public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18
This Changing World

Sources close to the Vatican are
gravely concerned, over the further de-
terioration of relations with Russia and
fear that the time may come in a not
too distant future when Pope Plus once
again may not be able to exercise his
authority unhampered
This matter had to be seriously con-
sadered In the early days of the war,
when arrangements were made at the
Vatican to transfer temporarily the
papal authority to the CARDINAL Primate
OF Portugal-the only ecclesiaStic of that
rank who is not appointed by the Pope,
but by the government of Portugal.
The first time that the temporal and
spiritual authority of the Pope appeared
challenged was in 1910, when. ut the
bidding Of Hitler, Mussolini contem-
plated restraining the Pope's activities
and considered transferring him from
Rome to q safer place." such rs the
neutral principah lily of Lichtenstein.
Both Hitler and Mussolini realized,
however. that although the German
armies were scoring spectacular VIC
tories the high-handed method of deal
ing with the head of the Catholic
Church would have such repercussions,
particularly In Italy. that the matter
was not pursued further But the VAT
lean had made all the necessary ar
rangements to meet any eventuality and
some Of its most important documents
are said to have been transferred to
Lisbon, where the cardinalr primate was
to become the "locum tAnens" until
such time as the occupant of the throne
OF St. Peter was able to resume his
functions.
The Soviet newspapers and radio
broadcasts have been attacking the
Vatican for several months. These At
tacks have become so violent in recent
weeks that Pope Plus felt compelled to
defend the diplomatic record of the
Vatican against the charge that 1t had
been pro-NaM and pro-Fascist during
the war.
But the attacks from Moscow and
Belgrade have been more violent than
usual.
The fact that an administration with
strong Catholic personnel has been
installed by the American Military Gov
eminent in Bavaria and by the French
IN the Rhineland has not much i'm
proved the situation. Moscow sees in
this action bolstering up of the Cath
ole wall" In Western Europe and con-
siders 1t q menace to Russia's plans for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18

the new European democracy patterned
after Soviet ideals.
In some American quarters the belief
is expressed that the attacks against
the Vatican are due principally to the
desire of the Soviet government to have
Pope Plus raise to cardinalship ecccle-
siastics from the Russian zone Of in
fiuence rather than from Western
Europe and the American continents.
The Pope Is expected to appoint about
IS new cardinals soon and it Is rumored
that he will choose them principally
from the hierarchy In France. Spain,
England and the Western Hemisphere.
Moscow wishes to have rs large a num-
Der from Poland, Hungary, Croatia, Aus
tria and East Germany raised to that
dignity. The Soviet government is fully
aware of the importance OF controlling
the large Catholic masses in its zones
Of influence and has seen to 1t that a
good Communist was selected as the
minister of religion and education in
Austria.
It is obvious that If the Vatican agreed
to comply with the desires of Moscow,
the Catholic masses would be con-
trolled more easily through appointees
Of Moscow confirmed by the Vatican.
Indirect hints have been already given
to the Vatican secretary of state that
the nomination of members Of the Cath
Ole clergy known in their own states
for their liberal" views would smooth
over some of the difficulties between
the Kremlin and the Vatican.
But 1t is highly doubtful that the
Pope would be willing to agree to such
measures. Moreover, the Vatican diplo-
mats, who are considered among the
ablest in the world are said to believe
that this would achieve nothing con-
structive.
In their opinion. from an analysis of
Moscows policies, Premier Stain can
not visualize the establishment of the
new order in Europe, reconci!ed with
the great influence Of the Vatican over
millions Of Catholics. Hence, the papal
diplomats believe that sooner or later.
coercion in some form or another may
be exercised against the Vatican.
As In the days when the Papacy was
threatened by Hitler and Mussolini,
all measures are said by reliable sources
to have been taken to meet any emery
ency and the Cardinal-Primate of
Portugal is ready to take over the duties
of Pope Plus temporarily.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-18

Preparedness for Next War
To the Editor Of The star:
It is ditncult to try to fathom the
reasoning of those who oppose universal
military training.
Outside Of the actual merits or short
comings of the system. one fact stands
out above all else. In World War I and
in the present conflict this country was
fortunate. We had other nations in
volved that gave US time to prepare.
But in the next war, We probably will
be on our own from the second that
bombs start dropping in New York,
Chicago or San Francisco. Any mistake
We make now in regard to preparedness
in all likelihood will Be our last mistake.
There will be no question in this
country the next time 4 general con-
dict starts - to whether We will get
into the war or stay put Of the war.
There win be no choice. We will be in.
L. J. KTTCHING.
Evening star., 1945-04-01

and Marian Gibson. 21. 24oo 18th
James vain, AZ, 1924 Allison st. NV, and
Emil Polak. 20, Detroit. and Alice WEIGH,
20, Stratford Hotel.
Hugo Blandori 30, 939 Longfellow st: NV.
and Suzanne Marie Mason. "a. 5Oll
Charles Beall, IS, Piainyiew. Tex, and
Hazel Clem. 81. 1925 18th st. NV.
Russell Witherspoon, al, lila NJ st. NV,
and Adell Thurston. A, 1905 10th st.
Julian Branic. 90 735 Gresham pl. NV.
and Amanda Reaves, 20, 1920 18th St.
George Greene, 30. Baltimore. and ORR
ana Elizabeth stanfield, "a, Philadel-
william Eller, %. Laurel, and Julia Upton,
1S. 1116 Orren st. ne.
Charles Bonnean, 30, Hamilton Hotel, and
AdoIphus Cote. IS, Norwich, Conn, and
Lorraine Osier. 81. Norfolk. N. Y.
Garland Graddock "a, 1887 gath St Sc.
and Gladys Mae o'Lenick, 81, 2337
cliitord Raisor, "a Miami, Fla, and
wIlys Xyomne nsOm cOmm9l s9 .nia Barrf otns Wt
=, Emma At, Turner, -; Roosevelt Hotel:
Fisher, 10, 1860 Columbia rd. NV
Charles Hazen, 20, Alexandria. and Mar
iorie Nook. 23. 1900 Upland terrace,
Elliott Rotstein, 25. 300 R st. NV, and
Leila spanier. 20, 1900 N. Oak St.. Ar
lington.
Marcus Godstein. 80, 1921 Goth st. NV.
Evening star., 1945-04-01
The Travellers Notebook
Atlantic City Turns Out for Easter Parade;
Pennsylvania Bids for Trout Fishermen;
Guatemala New Mecca for Postwar Travel

Pennsylvania's trout fishing sea-
son opens April Is and indications
are for an exceptionally good sea-
son. Streams have been heavily
stocked and further paintings" will
be made before the opening day, ac-
cording to the State Fish Commits
sion.
Because of increasing demands
for information about PennSyl-
vania's fishing waters, the Vacation
and Recreation Bureau of the State
Department of Commerce has again
published its annual booklet on
Fishing Accommodations in Penn
sylvania," which is available to all
persons who write to the bureau.
The booklet not only contains a
list of hotels, inns, farm homes,
mountain camps and other places
where anglers may obtain accom-
modations but it has also complete
summary of all the States flshing
laws, list of the fish wardens and
Evening star., 1945-04-01
TWIN pines

In the Pocono Mts., Unexcelled
Horses e. Food, c on cret e
Swimming Pool, near Protes-
tant g. Catholic Churches.
ST Il o u d s B q r G., PA.
Evening star., 1945-04-01
SUN CANYON

Americas Famous Dude Ranch.
55 Horses, Rodeos, Lake. En-
tertainment. In Adirondacks.
WARRENSBURG, NEW YORK