davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Note Thrown from
Train Brings
Meeting at Depot

A note throw from a train al
Frazer brought a meeting here al
5:45 Monday afternoon for Bridget
Grow of Glasgow and Lieut.. Leon
ard Culbertson, who had been sta
toned at a CCC camp at Fort Peck
in 1941.
Miss Crow received a phone call
from the depot here telling her that
a note had been found at Frazer
asking her to come to the depot.
When she did, Lieutenant Cul-
bertson stepped off the train. A
bomber pilot, he had been shot
down over Germany in 1943 and
had been in a prison camp until his
liberation in May. He had last
written her from a prison camp in
September, 1914. It was the same
camp in which Col. Hubert CHub)
Zemke of MiSSoula, famed ace, was
confined, he told her.
Lieutenant Culbertson was on his
way to an air forces center on the
coast. His home originally was in
Broadus and now is in Bremerton,
Wash.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Father and Son
Both in Service

Chief Yeoman Ray Shoemaker of
Portland, formerly of Glasgow, and
his son. Staff Serg. Brady Shoe
maker, have been spending a leave
and furlough together in Portland,
according to a clipping received by
local friends from the Oregonian.
Both, too, have done the same work
in the services, court martial re-
porting. The father has been in the
Caribbean area while Brady's SER
vice has taken him from Australia
to Italy. Two other sons are in SER
vice. Chief Shoemaker, son of the
late w. B. Shoemaker, left GlaS-
gov when a young man. He has
been court reporter in the circuit
court in Portland.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
News Of Brothers
Sent from Two
Parts Of World

From two opposite sides of the
world has come news to Mrs. Coy
Peterson of Glasgow Of her sons in
service.
The Rev. FIR. Leonard G. Hacker,
S. j.. wrote Mrs. Peterson that he
met n son. Pfc. Paul Peterson, %,
at an evacuation hospital near
Manila. Father Hacker, with $50
priests and nuns, had just been
liberated from Los Banos prison,
where they had been held by the
Japanese. Paul, he wrote, had "a
touch of fever and was recuperating
from a slight conclusion on his
left side when a Jap grenade went
off near his foxhole and blew his
rifle right out of his hand" The
two conversed for some time in the
hospital.
Paul has been overseas since
March, 1913, and in the army since
March, 1912. He is with a cavalry
unit that fought through Manila.
From Heerlen, Netherlands, came
a greeting from Paul Ewaert, who
wrote Mrs. Peterson, he had become
a friend of her son, Pfc. Eddie
Peterson, 90. Eddie has been with
the Ninth army and was most re-
in Germany. He landed in
France on D-Day after going to
England in November, l943.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Ophein1 Marine Is
Wondering If
He's Really Is
BY Courier Correspondent

OPHEIM-Dan Tichenor. serving
with a marine division on Okinawa
has posed a knotty question for his
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Clarence
Tichenor of Opheim.
In a letter to his mother and
father. he says that although the
date of his 18th birthday. May IL,
has passed. he isn't sure he is 10.
Tichenor was at sea on May IL.
During the night, his ship crossed
the international date line and
when he woke it was May 10, the
calendar having skipped a day. No
body has figured out the correct
answer for Dan.
He adds he hears there is a meat
shortage in the United States. we
have lots Of meat here-all Spam,"
he comments.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Rev. Grant Moore
Is R~eassigned
to Local Church

The Rev. and Mrs. Grant S,
Moore Mrs. Lillian Lane, Miss Mary
Ann Hoole, Mrs. w. c. Oliver and
Miss Nora Ebersoie returned Mon
day night from Great Falls where
they attended the Montana con-
ference of the Methodist church.
Rev. Moore was reassigned to the
Glasgow church, and will also sup
ply the pulpits of Opheim, Hins-
dale and Saco temporarily. He has
been appointed district missionary.
The Rev. M. E. Van de Mark Of
Great Falls was reappointed district
superintendent of the Glacier Park
district, which includes these
charges. The Rev. Andrew NJ. Olson,
who has been pastor at HinSdale
and Saco, has been assigned to the
Dutton-Brady circuit.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Ration Reminders

MEATS, FATS-Red Stamps E2
through u, last date for use June
80; Red Stamps K2 through P2, last
date for use, July 81; Red Stamps
o. through W, last date for use
August 81; Red Stamps w through
70, last date for use September 80.
PROGRESSED FOODS Blue
Stamps NJ through So, last date for
use June 80; Blue Stamps To
through X2, last date for use July
81; Blue Stamps w, 70, AL, B1, CT,
last date for use August 81; Blue
Stamps D1 through HI, last date
for use September 80.
SUGAR STAMP-Stamp SO.
SHOES-Airplane Stamps Nos. l,
8, in book three continue valid
Indefinitely.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Wagar, Veteran Of
Pacific, Is
Given Advancement

TVS Byron r. Wagar, son of Mrs.
Cora Alberts of Glasgow, has been
promoted to technician, fourth
grade, according to a news release
from Fort Lewis, Wash. He has been
in the army 80 months, 16 months
of which were spent overseas with
the 349th Engineer regiment. He is
entitled to YEA the good conduct
medal, the American theater medal
and the Asiatic- Pacific campaign
medal with one bronze campaign
star. His unit also received the
meritorious service award.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
S~aengerfest July
8 Will Open at
$50 i'm Morning

The annual united saengerfest. or
song festival, of churches in the
Lustre community and other nearby
churches will open at $50 the morn
ing of Sunday, July 8. it is an
nounced by Louis Toavs, secretary
He stresses that everyone is well
come TO come and attend the all
day song and music festival.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Stewards Hear for
First Time from
Son, Jap Prisoner

For the first time since he was
taken as a war prisoner from the
Philippines to Japan, Mr.. and Mrs.
j. A. Stewart of Oakland, Calf. #,
former Glentana residents, have
heard from their son, Pfc. Angus A.
Stewart. He has written that he is
alive and well. A veteran of IA
years service in the army, Pfc. Ste
Wart was taken prisoner on Bataan
in 1912. He was in camp No. l in
the Philippines until last fall, when
he was transferred to Fukuoka
camp on the main japanese island
of Honshu. The Stewards anxiously
awaited word of him until recently.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
100 More German
Prisoners Here

An additional 100 German war
prisoners arrived here this moring
and were taken to the Glasgow
army airbase. The prisoners came
here from Toppenish, Wash, where
they had worked thinning beets in
a Utah-Idaho Sugar company fac
tory d~istcirt. They will supplements
the 300 prisoners already at work
in beet fields within a 25-mile
radius of the Glasgow base.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Former Residents
Husband Freed
from Prison Camp

GREAT FALLS-Mrs. John Nor
rissey, 615 Fifth avenue north has
received a letter from her husband,
sergeant in the Eighth air force.
that he had been liberated May 8
from stalag lib. German prisoner
of war camp. and now is recuper-
ating in an army hospital at Lee
Mans, France. He was taken prisoner
April IL. 1914. while on a mission.
He was awarded the Air Medal April
7, 1874. Before going overseas he
was stationed at the Glasgow Satel-
lite base. His wife is the former Pat
Campbell Of Glasgow and is en-
now at Gore field.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Plank Nominated
for Promotion
to Major General

Brig Gen. Ewart G.. Plank, now
serving in the European theater,
who is a former engineer officer at
Fort Peck. has been recommended
by the president for promotion to
the grade of major general. General
Plank has commanded the advance
section, communications zone. in
the ETC since March IA. 1914, with
approximately 100000 officers and
men serving under him. He grad
uated from the United States Mill
tary academy in 1920. After leaving
Fort Peck, he was on service in the
office of the chief of engineers in
Washington.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
News Copy Wanted
Day Early for
Next Weeks Paper

Because of the Fourth of July
holiday next wednesday, The Cour-
Ter will be closed On that day but
will publish its regular weekly issue
on Thursday, as usual. However, be-
cause of the shorter week, it will
be necessary for news and other
contributions for the paper to be
in one day earlier than usual. Cor
respondents and others r asked
to act accordingly.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
WOUNDED MARINE HOME

Lace aniSG = wse So,, RasIG IN ac WaI1
May Z in the Battle of Okinawa,
returned to this country June 20,
according to word received from
San Francisco by his parents. Mr..
and Mrs. j. J.. Wallace. He will be
hospitalized for a month at Seattle
or Farragut, Idaho, and then eX-
poets to return to Hinsdale for a
furlough. \
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Son Of Fort Peck
Man Is Cited
for Torpedo Work

A navy news release from the
western Pacific area states that
Lieut.. Arthur L. Bureau of Coron-
ado. Calf, o of Almond Bureau
of Fort Peck, has been presented a
letter of commendation with ribbon
at a ceremony aboard an Essex
class carrier. He is credited with
keen foresight and expert technical
skill in testing and furthering the
development of sterilization of air
craft torpedoeS. increasing the
effectiveness of the torpedo and
l~essening the hazard of launching
it from aircraft" The officers wife
and two daughters live in Coronado.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
NNE STARTS SOON

Hinsdale-The Hinsdale commun-
ity cannery project will be ready for
operation about July 10, Supt. r. r.
Daley, supervisor, announced this
week. Work is going ahead rapidly
on the water and sewer installation
and the washing, blanching and
cooling watts n now about ready.
The steam boiler for the project
was received Saturday. Mrs. ELLA
Rumble will be instructor and
Harvey Burns will be steam en-
gineer.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Serg. Hockhalter
Wounded Second
Time i'm z Months

From a hospital in the Pacific
area, Serg. Andrew Hockhalter of
Glasgow has written Mr.. and Mrs.
Straud Alden that he has suffered
his second wound in two months.
The casualty occurred, May 10, ap-
parently soon after he was reunited
with his brother, John, in the same
unit fighting on Luzon. He said in
a letter that his right arm was in a
cast but that he expected to re-
cover soon. He now has the Purple
Heart, with cluster. The Hook
halters are sons of the late John
Hockhalter of Glasgow.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

in time. Richland Bench at IL. Services
at %Sunnyside at S. with moving pic
lures. Miss Nellie Risa commenced
school at Peerless. She finished at
Highland with program presented in
the former school dormitory. which has
been purchased TO be used as a church..
About 60 were present at the program.
Rev. Z. b. HOlte, pastor.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Church Bible school at IL. Il. Il.
Pease, superintendent. Holy Com
munion service at IL. Anthem by the
choir. Sermon by Rev. John Doerkson
of Havre. Union worship service
at s. The Rev. Grant S. Moore of the
Methodist church will d the SER
vice and deliver the message.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
News Of Fathers
Death Arrives
Three Years Late
BY Courier Correspondent

OPHEIM-It was not until this
week that Mrs. Fermin Ojuel learned
of the death of her father three
years ago in the Basque Pyrenees
CT France.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ojuel came to town
Monday and in her mail was the
first letter she had received from
relatives in France since the war
broke out.
Her father, Jean Oyhambource.
was 80. Her mother died in 1884.
The letter had been written March
26.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Glasgow Assembly of God
(GosneI TnharnacIaA

Fourth avenue south and Ninth
street. Sunday school at 10. Morning
worship at II. Junior church, lower
auditorium at II. Evangelistic service
at 7:+l Tuesday prayer Meeting at s.
Thursday young peoples service at S.
We invite you to be with us at each of
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Christian Fellowship

Services in theI9American Legion
room of the civic center. Sunday school
at 10. Worship services at IL. Evan
gelistic service at S. Cottage prayer
meeting Thursday at s. The Rev. Abe
Teichrow of Poplar will be in charge
of both morning IN evening services.
C. A. Wall, minister.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Sunday school at 10. Preaching ser
vice at IL. Choir Thursday at 7:30.
Family night supper at $50 Wednes-
day. All our people are. welcome
Grant $. Moore, pastor.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
ChristIan Science Society

Services in Masonic hall, Sunday at
IL. Subject of the lessOn-sermon,
christian Science The public is
cordially invited. Radiocast from The
Mother Church. Boston, each Saturday
4:4J I'm. over KGHL, Billings.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Nashua Church of The Nazarene

Vacation Bible school Monday
through Friday 0 to ~ each day. Con
tinued next week. Sunday school at
$50. Worship service at $50. Mission
AIRY service in evening at 7:45. Miss
Mamie Bailey of Kansas City, returned
missionary, speaker.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Sunday school at 10. Sunday service
at II. Sunday night service at s. Tues.
day night prayer meeting at S.-Silas
Workman, pastor.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
,Jehoyah's Witnesses

Watch Tower Bible study at King
dom hall, 7O7 Second ven south.
Sunday evening at S. Subject, "A
People for the Issue"
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

these services.-Rev. ]. ii. Arneson,
minister.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Glasgow Nazarene Mission

Sunday school at 10. Worship service
at IL. Evening church service at 7:45.
Prayer meeting Thursday evening at
7:45.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Special memorial services for Glenn
Davies under auspices of Legion with
the Rev. Grant s. Moore conducting
services Sunday at 2:30 at Farmers
Union hall.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
Too Late To Classify

FOR RENT-Three room apartment
with private bath and frigidaire.
Gladys Stevens, 210 9Th street south.
26-1tp
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Glasgow - Sunday school at 9:45.
Worship at IL.
Nashua Worship at o.. Sunday
school at 10.
Bethel at Grain. second Sunday at 3.
Fort Peck-First Inc Third Sun
days at 1880.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
CHgRHES

st. RaphaeI's Church
Every Sunday: Masses at Glasgow at
s and 10. Masses at Fort Peck at o.
Week days: Masses every day at Z 80.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
HAVE o

Hinsdale Aviation Machinist's
Mate First Glass and Mrs. Frank
Jensen are the parents of an in
FAINT son, David Jean, born at Jack
sonville, Fla, according to word re-
ceived by Mrs. Jensen's parents, Mr.
and Mrs. Albert Nelson.
PRIV that Uor Ropd t0dou
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28
First Congregational

ruin SunuhN dittr trinity
Church school at 10. Morning worship
at IL. Solo by Ann Nyquist. Pilgrim
fellowship at Z. Choir rehearsal at 80
Thursday.-Forrest Il. Sharkey. pastor.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-06-28

Buy that War Bond today.
The Valley settler., 1945-01-05
JANUARY 5,l945
LOCAL NEWS

. week for the States. Rev. lone
 ceme here the first part of Oct IT from the Alaska Highway. He has been helping Rev. Georg at the
 Lutheran Chur ch during his stay Pa Inner. His fOHmer home is in M- hi gan.
 Tuesday. evening of this week rs. lGarber, Miss Lauber, and Mrs. Bl od- worth spons ored a farewell part. for Miss Harri ett Hughes uh0 1ef this week f. or the States. Hiss Virgin Ia Carle will take h2r p1 e as tee cher in the Sixth g%'cyde wl4ile she Is away.
 Mrs. Rober Klem will be anotior pas senger on the next boat to the States. She will visit her parents in Kolispe1, Montana. Her father Is reported as not being very we'll and she was requested to c .rne home. MT. and Mrs. Vernon Jones md fami 1y have left for the States .Mr. Jones is going out for medical treatment. The Joneses came to Palmer from Mi1le Lacs County ,Mi.ln in 1855.
 Miss Ann. Rempol. is- gn her wo to Pasadena, Californi where. she lans to, attend Junior College and Ii with an o1der sister.
 It has been learned her9 the Mr. and 44rs. Broos trom are making "trip to the States this wintero ey we're former re idents of the Va -ey but have lived in Anchorage the past few years.
 Carl Onkka has left fer Seat le from where. 1t. is expected he wi be- sent on to. Cairo, Egypt with the U. S.E.D. Jeanette Hermer Is working F. It time in the Grocery depart. .nent f the Trading Post.
 Mrs. Wallace Moffitt has been employed in the Trading Post to re- place some of the help wfo have lGft.
 r. Pill>Rempel is back at work in the Trading Post this week: <i >'
 Bill Bouwens was around tc VII on Thursday of this week after having peen confined in the Hospital and ht home since before Christmas lie said that this was his first tine put since he had taken i'll. The Butte Community held the'r
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Encyclopaedia Has
Record Of Troops

More than 100000 American Ne
groes were serving in the armed
forces by the end of 1914, accord
ing 10 an article this subject
in the Encyclopaedia Britannica's
l945 Book OF the Year TO be pub
lished early in May. OF these. the
article states 70l .678 we're in the
army and of them more than 49,
600 were overseas; l48,769 were in
the navy: 5,702 in the marines, and
1856 In the coast guard.
I'm ADDITION to numerous ci-
tations. a notable general record
in both the combat and service
branches was recognized in an Of
fetal army release" the article
says, with special mention made
of the combat records of the 93rd
division in the Pacific, the 76lst
tank battalion in France, the 92nd
division in Italy and the Goth pur-
suit and 332nd bomber squadron
air corps units under the COM
mand of Major George Roberts
and Col. Benjamin o. Davis. Jr.,
who, with many members of these
units, received the distinguished
flying cross and other decorations"
The Navy commissioned % Ne
gro ensigns and lieutenants dur
ing 1914; and, on presidential or
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Warn Drivers To
Repair Brakes
Or Go To Jail

Warning drivers that they must
either repair your brakes or go
to JAIL Traffic Judge John D,
Watts said last week that lit may
even be necessary to suspend the
licenses Of motorists who try to
drive with bad brakes"
MOST ACCIDENTS are caused
by either defective brakes or by
drinking. according TO Judge
Watts. Drunk drivers are already
being sent to Jail and in the future
the court will impose severe sem
fences on those who drive with
bad brakes.
To emphasize his views, Judge
Watts Wednesday revoked the Ii
cense OF one motorist with bad
brakes. sent four drunk drivers to
Jail and ordered Jail sentences for
two motorists convicted OF reck-
less driving.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
KC Monarchs See
New Ball Talent
Am ong Boy Fans

HOUSTON. Texas. - Profession
al baseball is stealing a march on
other professional sports in the
field Of personal relations and the
development OF good will.
A case in point Is the recent
visit OF several members Of the
Kansas City Moparchs TO an as
sembly Of several hundred en-
brio fans at Booker T. High
school, here recently.
THE MONARCHS group includ-
ed Secretary Willie Dismukes,
manager Frank Duncan, and play
ers Jackie Robinson, former UCLA
all-around athlete. David Harper.
Hilton Smith. Sammy Hayes, Wal
ter Larue. and Booker McDaniels.
sensational pitcher.
Secretary Dismukes, opened the
session by emphasizing the policy
OF the Monarchs in doing every
thing possible 10 encourage Negro
youth TO take an interest in. and
play baseball
Jackie Robinson. q highly publ
cized athlete while at UCLA and
at present dazzling the railbirds
with his brilliant shortstop play
for the Monarchs was the center
OF attraction. along with pitcher
McDsniels.
McDaniels gave some sound
advice TO prospective young hurl-
ers. In commenting on his feat
Of striking out Is batters In one
league game last season. he nd,
pitching Is more than just
throwing the ball. A pitcher must
study every hitter, learn his
and pitch to. him accordingly.
strong points and weaknesses.
Control is the greatest asset .
pitcher can have"
The spirited response accorded
the visitors by the high school
boys led manager Duncan to con-
clude, There might be several
future big league ball players
among the boys assembled here.
We could not have spent a more
profitable visit anywhere"
MANAGER DUNCAN also ex-
pressed a plan TO revisit the Book
er T. High boys and also to visit
other schools in the near future.
AS goodwill ambassadors the form
er worlds champion Monarchs arc
top notch representatives OF pro-
fessional baseball.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
CAPTAIN DRIVER
SUCCEEDS MAJ.
MARTIN AT TAAF.

Captain Elwood T. Driver OF
Trenton. New Jersey. was recently
appointed Director of the Cadet
Ground school at the Tuskegee
Army Air Field. He is successor 10
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Two Productions
By The Players

Career Angel" by Rev. Gerard
NJ. Murray, will be presented at
the Players theatre, East Jefferson
near Elmwood. from May 1920, by
the Catholic theatre OF Detroit.
Career Angel" originally pro-
duced by the Blackfriars' Guild in
their New York Playhouse. OPP
ened on Broadway at the National
theatre just last spring. This will
be the first Detroit showing OF
this gay. lovable fantasy in which
an angel" plays the lead.
The childrens stage produc-
ton will be Charles Dickens be-
loved David Copperheld." 10 be
presented on May IL and 10 at
1890 am. and 2;30 pm. at the
Players theatre. Director for the
production is Peggy Richards. and
the production manager is Mary
Lynch
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Private Returns
After % Months

ATLANTIC CITY. N. J. - Pfc
John T. Price of Detroit. Michigan,
has reported to the AAF Redistri-
button Station No. here after 80
months Of service in the European
theatre OF war.
He wears the European theatre
ribbon and the American Defense
ribbon for his exploits overseas.
BEFORE he leaves the Redistri-
button Station for his next Air
Force assignment, the private will
be examined by doctors and inter-
viewed by personnel specialists TO
determine where he can best fit
in the AAF set-up and aid the war
effort. While here, he will have an
opportunity to go fishing. golfing.
horseback riding, bicycling on the