davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-16
US. Intends Confro|
Destiny Of Japan,
Truman Indicates
Sees No Need to Set Up
Occupation Zones. He
Tells News Conference
BY J. A. FOX.

President Truman today made
it clear that this Government
intends to control the destiny OF
Japan, telling a news confer
ence that he did not think there
was any necessity for zones OF
occupation such as were set up
in Germany for controls divided
between the United States, Rus
sia, Great Britain and France.
The President said the occupation
troops probably would be drawn
from the forces of all the Allies
but that they would be under the
direction of Gen. Douglas Mac
Arthur, the commander in chief.
He said the situation in Japan is
different than it was in Europe
He also said, in response to a ques-
ton, that he did not know If the
surrender terms would be signed in
Manila as some reports have in
dicated.
That matter, he added, is in the
hands of Gen. Macarthur.
The President was asked if he
intended to appoint a political ad-
wiser to Gen. Macarthur, and he
said this would be done If necessary
The President also was asked how
long he thought the occupation OF
Germany would last and he said that
depended entirely on how long 1t
takes for the German people to
rehabilitate themselves in the demo-
cratic way of life.
When the Presidents attention
was drawn to reports that some
japanese broadcasts are urging the
people to look to the future for
revenge, he said that every defeated
people hopes ultimately to be re-
,venged on their conquerors, but that
he didn't think the japanese were
going to have chance to get back
at this country.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
laps Puppet Regime
In China Dissolved,
Tokyo Radio Says
Special Committee PIuns
Interim Administration,
Domei Dispatch Stotes
By the Associated Press,


Tokyo broadcast a Domei
agency dispatch today saying
that the Japanese dominated
national government of China"
at Nanking had decided to dis
solve.
The dispatch, purported to orig
mate in Marking, capital Of the
puppet Chinese regime, said the gov
ernment was dissolved because their
mission has ended"
1t would be the first puppet gov
ernment to dissolve after Japan S
fall.
Domei said "a special committee
will carry on the administration in
the interim period to maintain peace
and order until the new government
takes over the administration"
Wang Ching-wei, 81, who became
President and Premier of the Nam
king regime in 1899, died last No.
vember in a Japanese hospital and
was succeeded by Chen Kung-po,
former president of the Marking
Legislative Council.
A frequent target of assassination
attempts, Wang was reported by
Tokyo broadcasts at the time Of his
death to have been variously . VIC
tim Of diabetes, spinal cord COM
preston" and physical exhaustion.
Wang at one time was high in the
central government of China.
Chen once studied economics at
Columbia University, New York. He
also held high posts in the central
government until he joined the
puppet movement.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Private Employers
Not Forced 10 Pay
For W. Days Off
Labor Department
Promises Definition Of
Holidays Tomorrow
BY the Associated Press,


Whether non Government
workers who were of duty to-
day and yesterday for celebra-
ton get paid or not is entirely
up to the boss-unless there is a
union contract or agreement
covering holidays, the WLB
says.
Supplementing the War Labor
Boards formal announcement OF
Tuesday, which said pay for the
VI holidays would be permissible
under the stabilization policy, q
board official said today:
There is nothing which compels
an employer to pay for this time of,
unless it is so provided in the con-
tract. The board has no authority
to order pay for the two days. It
merely says that If the employer
chooses to pay workers for the time
not worked in this instance it would
not violate the stabilization policy"
Statement in Preparation.
Because Of the legal tangle over
premium pay and similar problems
which arose from widespread holi-
days and subsequent White House
retraction of q holiday statement,
the Labor Department is preparing
a formal statement, to be announced
probably tomorrow.
The statement, it was reported by
the department, will say whether
the two days were holidays within
the legal definition, and thus come
under holiday provisions of con-
tracts. Many contracts call for
time and one-half for working holi-
days.
The trouble grew out of a White
House statement supplementing an
executive order granting war work
ers overtime pay for VI day. This
statement explained that the order
would be applicable to the two-day
holiday just decreed by the Presi-
dent.
The correction yesterday said:
THE executive order does not
apply in any way to August Is and
-. (See MIXIJP. Pare A-2.)
Evening star., 1945-08-16
A Real Celebration
Of Our Victory
TIN EditWiM)

A pageant Of victory after
war is a tradition with our
people which should be pre-
served.
The march of the Grand
Army on Pennsylvania avenue
after the War Between the
States was a memorable occa-
sion.
The parade of the 1st Divi-
sion, with Gen. Pershing and
his staff in the lead. was held
some months after the end of
the First World War.
Later on, there was the NOV
ing ceremony in connection
with the burial Of the Unknown
Soldier.
The Star believes 1t is not too
early to begin to plan now for
the great national celebration,
centering here in Washington,
which should provide all our
people with an appropriate
occasion to honor those who
died in the war just ended and
to pay tribute to those who
return.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Official W Day
Wont tBe Holiday,
Truman Says

There will be no holiday on VI
day, President Truman told his
press conference today. People al
ready have had their holiday and
there is too much work still to be
done, he smilingly told reporters.
He issued . proclamation today,
however, declaring next Sunday q
day Of prayer and calling on the
people Of this country ito unite in
Offering their thanks to God for the
victory We have won, and In pray
ing that He will support and guide
US into the paths Of peace"
The President stressed that this
day OF prayer will not be WI day,
which viii not be set until after the
Japanese surrender terms have been
stsned
Evening star., 1945-08-16

'They melted away like a SNOW
ball In July" said a Connecticut
avenue grocer.
Tomato juice also was popular
item with housewives. Many asked
for dozen cans at q time.
A Columbia road market pro-
prietor said at noon he expected his
last can Of fruit to be sold within
. few minutes" "Never saw any,
thing like It," he said. "The .us-
toners sure are happy"
Another grocer, plagued by fruit
hungry customers, explained,
They're making Z grab for all kinds
Of previously rationed fruit. Even
(See Blue FONTS, Page A-3.1
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Atom Bomb Saved ! 7,25O,OOO
Allied Lives, Churchill Says
Was Main Factor in Sudden End
OfWor With Jops, He Declares

I'VE contemplated using an explo-
sive Of incompatible power against
Japan" Mr.. Churchill said.
The 70-year-old statesman de-
clared that there are voices which
assert that the (atomic) bomb
should never have been used at ALL
But, he added bluntly:
II cannot associate myself with
such ideas. Six years of total war
have convinced most people that
had the Germans or the Japanese
discovered this new weapon they
would have used it upon us to our
complete destruction with the ut
most alacrity."
Cheers sounded from both sides
of the House.
Approved at P0tsdam.
Mr.. Churchill asserted sharply:
Il am surprised that very worthy
people-but people who in most
cases had no intention of pro-
ceeding to the japanese front
themselves-should adopt the posi-
GAOAA SAAdt 1dtiACA ellAkl tluOW tAtlS
bomb we should have sacrificed q
million American and q quarter of q
million British lives in the desperate
battles and massacres of an invasion
Of Japan"
He said he and Mr.. Truman ap-
proved at Potsdam the military
plans to use the bomb.
Turning to foreign affairs. Mr..
Churchill praised former Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden.
OF Poland, he said that "there
are few virtues that the Poles do
not possess and there are few mis-
takes that they have ever avoided. f"
He referred to the evacuation of
5000, 900 Germans from Polish ter
ritory, saying that ut Is not i'm
possible that a tragedy upon a
prodigious scale Is unfolding itself
behind the iron curtain which at
present divides Europe in twain"
Democracy" cried Mr.. Churchill,
Continued on Page Ais. Column /.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Jups' Treatment Of Wainwright
Will Weigh Heuvily on Terms

ArthurS 5 successor have treated him
as an honorable prisoner Of war
was discussed here often. The fate
of Americas number one prisoner
and followers who survived the
march Of death undoubtedly viii
have. q strong influence on terms
meted out to Japan.
skinny" wainwright was the
idol Of his troops. Almost nothing
has sifted through the lines Of how
he has Jared In the bloody years
which followed the surrender OF the
Philippines.
Asked too by veterans Of jungle,
sea and amphibious warfare Is the
{eee H1{3RR1 II. Kaea X.i6.l
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Million War Workers
Laid Off by Plants
In Past 48 Hours
Krue Acts Quickly to
Put Industry in High
Gear to Creute Jobs
By JAMES Y. NEWTON.

A million workers had been
released from war plant jobs in
the first 48 hours of peace, Gov
ernment officials estimated to-
day as they took steps to loose a
flood of peacetime manufac-
turing" in an effort to hold down
unemployment.
War Production Board Chairman
]. A. Krug took immediate action
to free industry for the tremendous
task ahead, promising that all but
about 40 of the WPB's original $50
manufacturing controls would be
wiped out by Monday. Quota re-
strictions we're removed and manu-
facturers largely were on their own
to make all the automobiles and
other peacetime items they could
build.
The whole emphasis of Federal
action was to create more jobs by
getting industry into high gear on
the road to normalcy as rapidly as
possible. An Associated Press survey
# larger war plant areas showed
that at least 100000 were laid OF
Immediately after the Japs surren-
dered and that another 1875, ,000
would be affected soon.
Big Cutback in Chicago.
Estimate of q million released
from war work came from officials
who pointed out that a survey could
only touch the larger plants
although the thousands of smaller
manufacturers provided the bulk OF
our wartime employment.
In Chicago alone, war contracts
totaling $4,000, ,000, 900 we're Cancelled
and three plants employing 55.00(
were due for immediate shutdown
Manpower officials estimated tina,
600 900 Illinois workers would be re.
leased within a year. Jobs of $780,.
600 persons In Cleveland were al.
fected by cutbacks, while Detroit
expected between 250,O00 and 300,-
900 unemployed in a couple oi
weeks.
The Army Air Forces announced
(See RECONVERSION. Page Az
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Navy Board Begins Probe
Of Indianapolis Sinking

(Another Story on Page A-2D
b. the Associated Press.
GUAM, Aug. ia Navy board
of inquiry has begun an investiga-
ton of the sinking Of the cruiser
Indianapolis July 80, including the
reasons for the delay In search for
the ship until after it was overdue
more than 81 hours.
The Indianapolis was lost in the
Philippines Sea from enemy action
with 100 per cent casualties to her
1886 officers and men. Five were
ofhcially listed as dead, 875 as miss
ing. The remainder were wounded
or suffering from exposure.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Trumon Will Request
Peocetime Troininq
Without Droft

President Truman told his
news conference today that he
Is going to make recommends
tions to Congress for a universal
peacetime training program
that viii not be conscription.
The President, who has never
committed himself on the COM
pulsory idea which had the ap-
proval of President Roosevelt,
gave no details on his plan.
He told newsmen that he would
tell them about it one Of these
days.
The President also indicated
he favored continuation of the
draft In order to provide re-
placements so men who had
been on the fighting fronts can
come home.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
By the Associated Press.

LONDON, Aug. 16.-Winston
Churchill told Commons today
that the atomic bomb was re-
Sponsible for the sudden ending
of the japanese war and saved a
million American and 250,0O0
British lives which would have
been lost in invading the en-
emy's home islands,
Prime Minister Attlee said subse-
quently that the atomic bomb dis
covery would force reorganization
lin the sphere of international rela-
tions."
I'VE have to realize that We are
living in new world, now that we
have seen the atoms, a new force,
the consequences of which we find it
difficult to grasp" said Mr.. Attlee,
who succeeded Mr.. Churchill as
Britain's first minister as q result
Of the July election.
MIR. Churchill spoke as leader of
the governments Conservative op-
position, position to which he
was relegated by the election. He
said Premier Stain promised to
enter the Pacific war three months
after the German surrender and
the Russian Intervention on August
8 after the German collapse May
was but another example of the
fidelity and punctuality" OF the
Soviet Union.
He disclosed that he and President
Truman made elaborate plans at
Potsdam for great battles and land
ings in Malaga, the Netherlands East
Indies and in the homeland Of
Japan ITSELF" not knowing how long
Japanese resistance would continue.
Would Keep Bomb Secret.
He insisted that the secret of the
atomic bomb be kept from other ma
tions. The bomb, he said, more
than any other factor" brought
about the sudden and speedy end
ing of the war against Japan"
Premier Stain was informed that
Evening star., 1945-08-16
BY w. H. SHIPPEN, Jr.,
Star War CORRESPONDENT.

SUPREME ALLIED POWERS
HEADQUARTERS, Manila, Aug. Is.
Will 1t. Gen. Jonathan VAIN
wright be able to sit across the sur
render table from the Japs who
Inundated him SO bitterly at the
fall of Corregidor?
This and many other questions
were asked here today by fighting
men with long memories IS the hour
approached for the Emperors en-
voys to appear over Ie Shima In
their white Zero pleading the pass-
word "Bataan."
Whether the capto1 Of Gen. Mac
Evening star., 1945-08-16
ThoiIond Reported
Ready to Surrender
Ey the Associated press.

The Tokyo radio said today that
"the government Of Thailand has
decided to negotiate peace with the
Allied nations"
The broadcast said the Peoples
Assembly had issued a statement
I'm the name Of the King" In which
1t said that the declaration of war
by the little ally Of Japan against
the United States and Great Britain
will be withdrawn"
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Truman toCa||
Farley Of Labor,
Conference PIonned
After Congress Meets;
WLB's Days Limited
BY GOULD LINCOLN.

President Truman today an
nounced he would call a con-
ference of labor and manage
ment after Congress meets in
September.
He revealed no details of the
proposed conference. 1t is under
stood they are being worked out
at the Labor Department and will
be submitted to him later.
The President made two other
statements bearing on the problems
which peace has brought to Amer.
lean industry.
WLB Has Limited Time.
He said the War Labor Board has
a very limited time to stay.
He said, too, that full employ
ment" legislation is a must" for
the next session of Congress.
While Mr.. Truman did not indi.
cate what would happen when the
War Labor Board goes out of ex-
istence, it has been predicted that
some agency with similar duties
would be established, probably with
in the Labor Department. Senate
Majority Leader Barkley already
had placed the full employment bill
in list of five subjects with which
Congress would be asked to deal.
Vandenberg Proposed Parley.
The proposal for a labor manage.
ment conference, to work out plans
for the peaceful settlement of dis
putes in industry, originally was
made by Senator Vandenberg, Re-
publican, of Michigan, in letter to
Secretary Of Labor Schwellenbach.
The latter gave his approval of such
a conference and said that he ex-
pressed his views in an earlier
speech.
Since the Presidents return from
Potsdam, the proposal has been sub
mitted to him and he has approved
the idea. Reaction to the proposal
has been favorable throughout the
country. Letters received at the
Labor Department, however, have
suggested many diverse ideas re-
garding the size and scope of the
coming conference.
Senator Vandenberg's original
idea was that there should be a
United Industrial Peace Confer
ence," which should do for domestic
peace what the United Nations Con-
ference in San Francisco did for in
ternational peace-set up the ma
chinery for pacific settlement of
disputes and lay down broad prin-
ciples of guidance.
Direct Dealing Proposed.
There are those, however. who
propose that a conference between
labor and management deal directly
with a number of questions which
have been agitated by both sides.
Labor would like to have a general
plan for advancement of wages dis.
cussed, along with a definite min.
lmum wage of IS cents an hour
instead OF 40 cents. Some of the
representatives of management. for
their part, would like to bring about
some agreement on amending Fed
eral labor laws, particularly the
National Labor Relations Act.
Mr.. Schwellenbach is giving ear
nest consideration to the coming
conference. Among the questions
ne must settle are the size of tina
conference. how the representatives
OF the various groups are to be Sc
lected, and the limits to be placed
on subjects for consideration.
He recognizes the Importance Of
the conference and the great need
Tor its success. He is proceeding
with great care, therefore, IN formu-
latlng the plans for the conference.
which later he will lay before the
President.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
japanese Army
Reported Ready
10 End Fighting
Appeal Sent to Reds
To Cease Firing,
Broadcast Says
CHINESE COMMUNISTS reported
In clash with Chiang's forces.
Page AS


In clash with Chiang's forces.
Page A.;
By the Associated Press.
The japanese broadcast from
Hsinking was reported by the
Federal Communications Com.
mission today to have said that
the japanese Kwantung Army
had appealed to the Russians tc
cease their attacks in Man
churia. Monitors recorded the
broadcast in New Delhi.
The Chungking radio, also heart
by the FEC, said Lt Gen. Yusuj
Okamura, commander of japanese
forces in China, stated he was
awaiting more detailed instruc.
tions" in reply to Generalissime
Chang Kai-shek's orders that he
surrender.
The Kwantung Army's message tc
the Russians, as recorded by the
FEC, said:
"One-Japanese first line forces
have ceased all military movements
at their present positions. 1t il
hoped that Soviet forces will also
cease attacks. Especially in the vi.
cinity of Mutankiang Soviet attacks
should be speedily stopped.
Further Instructions.
"Two-Hereafter the intentions oi
the japanese side will be notified
every hour for 10 minutes on fire.
quencies 6,035 KCS and 1880 KCS
Same will be transmitted via radio
on frequencies 1880 KCS and 5,s1:
KCS and 1890 KCS at same hour.
Soviet side Is requested to carry
out similar communications via
Khabarovsk radio. ..---..
Radio communication should be
established between supreme fielc
headquarters of both Japanese and
Soviet armies. Specify wavelength
on which your communication will
be transmitted"
Earlier, Moscow dispatches hat
said Russian forces continued toda,
to drive deeper into Manchuria
where, 4 Soviet communique sale
last night, Japanese troops still ar,
Offering resistance.
Spread Out Rapidly.
Front dispatches indicated Rec
Army mobile units were spreading
out rapidly over hundreds of SQUARE
miles Of territory, with three mair
columns driving steadily towarc
the munitions and communication.
center Of Harbin.
The nearest of the three column.
was the one advancing from tn,
east. which had taken the rail hui
Of Mutankiang, 165 miles from Har'
bin, and was pushing on to the west
Meanwhile, the government news.
paper Izvestia declared it was 'thare
to predict how japan will fulfill tn.
terms Of unconditional surrender"
"The wolfish habits of the aggres.
sors should cause all peoples to b,
on guard and especially watchful,
the paper said. "The Japanese arm,
has yet to lay down its arms, bu
instead is still carrying on military
operations and resisting"
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Hungary to Get Back
Relic of St. Stephen

By the Associated Press.
SALzBURG, Austria, Aug. ia
delegation from Budapest waited in
Salzburg today for approval from
Pope Plus XII to return one Of
Hungary's most priced relics-the
withered hand of st. Stephen, the
ancient canonized monarch.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Personal Income Tax
Cut Appears Likely
Starting January |
Lowest-Poid Workers
May Have All Levies
Ended by Congress
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
All Americans seem likely to
get a cut in their income taxes
after January /. Perhaps several
million will have to pay no in
come taxes at all next year.
Congress is coming back Septem-
ber S in tax-cutting mood. Some
of the best-informed tax experts
think a reduction in personal in
come taxes will be enacted before
Christmas-with administration ap-
proval If the cut isn't too drastic.
The expected reduction probably
would be only moderate for most
taxpayers. The man earning q lot
of money would have a smaller per-
centage cut oil his taxes than the
fellow making $35 a week.
People In the lowest income group
would be the ones whose income
taxes might be wiped out entirely.
A survey of congressional and
other tax authorities today produced
the following picture:
/. No tax reductions are likely on
1945 income. The expected cut
would be felt first in smaller payroll
deductions starting January /. 1t
would not affect the filing of 1945
income tax returns next March IS.
Z. Federal taxes on such items as
alcoholic beverages, furs, luggage,
jewelry. theater tickets, cabaret
spending and telephone calls will
drop automatically to 1912 rates six
months after the oficial "termina-
ton of hostilities."
3. The 95 per cent excess profits
tax on corporations is sure to be
killed. Nobody loves it now. The
only question is whether to do it
next January l or later.
Hard Fight Likely.
The size of any reduction In the
personal income tax will be settled
in Congress, maybe after a knock
down fight.
The House Ways and Means Com
mittee plans to whip together a tax
bill this fall, although there won't
be time before January l to cover
every phase of the subject.
The administration certainly will
oppose any drastic slash in the in
come tax for next year. But there
are strong signs the administration
will not oppose moderate reduc-
tion-for example, repeal of the
normal tax"
This normal tax"-3 per cent of
net income-used to be called the
Victory tax" 1t was originally
passed as a wartime measure, and
at that time had provision for
automatic termination. The Treas
ury opposed the Victory tax" in
the first place.
If the normal tax" were repealed
what is known as the "surtax" would
be the only income tax left.
A man with wife and one child
earning 5000 year, would see his
tax drop from $311 to s244. That's
cut Of over 20 per cent.
Would Get 1s% Cut.
If he earns $4,000, his tax woult
decrease from $521 to $427-or II
per cent.
If he earns 5000, the tax woulc
change from $735 to $615-or 16 pei
cent.
On an income Of, say, $4,000, tn,
reduction would be less than 10 pei
cent.
To put 1t on weekly basis, 9
man with a wife and one child
earning up to around $50 a week
would see his withholding tax dis.
appear.
If he makes $35 a week, his with.
holding tax would drop from 81. 81
to so cents. II he has an income oI
$50 q week, the tax would decrease
from $40 to $50; income of $40
from $3.50 to 81: income of 500
from $3.50 to $500.
Evening star., 1945-08-16
Finds Body Is Fathers

MOLINE, H., Aug. Is (R.-Detec-
tive Sergt. Charles Larson was sum-
moned to q railroad crossing to in
vestigate 4 report = man had been
killed. He found the victim was his
father, Karl w. Larson.
Evening star., 1945-08-16

One additional man from the
District area has been reported
killed in this War. See "On
the Honor Rol," page Az.
Evening star., 1945-08-16

(See SURRENDER, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1945-08-16

tSee VICTORY, Page Al
Evening star., 1945-08-16

Continued on Page AIS. Column
Evening star., 1945-08-16

(see RECONVERsION, Page A-20
Evening star., 1945-08-16

(See MIXUP, Page A-29