davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-05
This Changing World
BY Constantine Br0,pn

The British government is reported
planning to organize regular Foreign
Legion composed of non-citizens who
would swear allegiance to the British
sovereign and would be on duty in the
Empire
The necessity for the creation of such
an organization arises from two factors:
The desire of the British government
to help those Allied troops which are
today unable to return to their home
lands and the lack of manpower in
Britain to fill the ranks of a stable
imperial police force.
The British government feels 1t still
has a responsibility toward Polish and
Yugoslavs units which have fought the
battles of the Allies in Egypt, France
and Italy. These men, with few excep-
tions, do not wish to return to their
native countries under the present cir
cumStanaceS.
In spite of the promises and the ap-
peals from Warsaw and Belgrade urging
them to come back. they are afraid
that once they return they will be per-
secuted.
There are about Is trained and fully
equipped Polish divisions in Germany
and other sections of Europe, including
England.
These men fought brilliantly and are
stated with experienced officers who
fought uninterruptedly from 1889 until
We day.
Only some 10000 Yugoslavs, mostly
Serbians, are organized in military units
in the Middle East.
Besides those experienced fighters
there are at least 100000, and prob
ably more, Poles who have been lber-
ated from the Nazi army, or from the
forced labor camps in the Reich. The
number of Yugoslavs in that category
does not exceed 10000. Both consti-
tute good manpower reservoir to re-
place those trained soldiers who will
soon reach an age when they can no
Longer be maintained on active duty
Evening star., 1945-09-05
Pleasant Anniversary

A year ago today the Overseas
Edition of The Star was made avail
able for the first time to relatives
and friends of Washington men in
the service Eleven thousand copies
were distributed. Today's distribu
ton will be close to $1,000 healthy
growth in circulation for any pub
lication and one which is highly
gratifying.
But the number of Servicemen who
receive this little edition of The
Star is not nearly so impressive as
the pleasant warmth of their ex-
pressions concerning the need it
fills. There are hundreds of letters
at The Star office from all over the
world, letters written from on board
ships in the seven seas and letters
written from distant outposts from
every theater of war. They are let
ters inspired by the little touch of
home which the Overseas Edition
brought to homeSick men far away
and they have been an inspiration
to The Star editors in charge of
producing this weekly news letter,
telling them what is going on in
Washington. That, more than any
thing else, has made the production
of this newspaper a pleasant under
taking which never became a chore
The Star hopes, however, that now
its circulation will begin to dwindle
for a shrinking circulation of the
Overseas Edition will mean that its
readers are coming home.
The Star has been joined in this
venture by two other sponsors. One
has been Lansburgh's Department
Store. which has furnished the pa
per and the printing and has been
outside The Star Office, the point oil
distribution; the other has beer
that host of friends, relatives anc
parents of men in the service who
each week have come to Lansburgh's
or The Star Office and collected the
Evening star., 1945-09-05

bidder, return Of the item, or pay
ment in raw materials of an equiva-
lent value. But by far the most
significant means of settlement will
be Article VII of the Master Lease
Lend Agreement. which still leaves
the way open for plenty of negotia-
tion. irrespective of the Presidents
proposal.
This is what Secretary Byrnes has
in mind when he emphasizes that
settlements are for future determi-
nation. If successfully applied, in
conjunction with other international
measures, Article VII can lead to a
genuinely multilateral system of
world trade, not only breaking down
tariff barriers but ending monopo-
: lies on raw materials and eliminat-
ing such things as exchange con-
trolls. Such winding-up of lease
lend would be worth far more than
any cash return. Nothing could bet
ter serve the security and well-being
of our own and other countries.
Evening star., 1945-09-05

terms of the Potsdam declaration calling
for freely elected democratic govern
ment in Japan"
The pattern is very clear.
The same old gang around the EN-
peror are hard at work trying to make
fools of us. The civilian ministers and
the industrialiSts-the go-slow boys
have for the moment gotten the upper
hand and are pushing their military col
leagues into the background, temporarily,
of course. The present purpose is nice
job of window-dre of winning SYM
pathy, of being awfully good boys" so
as to get this unpleasant occupation
business over with as quickly and pain
lessly as possible.
They actually appear to think that
we will believe that democracy can be
born in Japan by next January, and
that being born, 1t can exist and flourish
under the terms of the present con-
Stitution. We are to be persuaded that
just as the imperial authority was neces-
sary to get the Japanese armed forces to
surrender so the imperial authority can
next be used to establish democracy in
Japan by rescript from the throne.
1t cannot be done that way and if we
allow ourselves to be persuaded that it
can-in order to bring our boys home
and get a tedious burden off our shoul-
ders-we shall be throwing away all that
We fought for and that many thousands
of young Americans died for: The
chance that victory has given us to make
better, more peaceful world. 1t will
take longer than from now to next
January, by a good deal, to enable the
democratic potential" which (as Mr..
baltimore assures us) does exist in
Japan, to organize itself, to formulate a
really substantial program, and to lay
the foundations for trustworthy Japa-
nese democracy. The present leaders of
Japan do not wish to see this happen.
If it does the whole system under which
the few have, for their own advantage,
ruled the many in Japan throughout all
recorded Japanese history will be swept
away.
Let us make no mistake about this
matter The Emperor, as an individual
hardly counts at all What does count
is the group about him, the barons OF
great wealth, the military leaders, the
court advisers with their inheritance OF
rigid tradition: They are all part OF a
system inherently military and feudal
in its nature, under which nothing
which could be called a true democracy
can exist.
tCopyrisht 1e4b.)
Evening star., 1945-09-05
Beaten But Unushumed

In the eyes OF his countrymen,
General Jonathan M. Wainwright
doubtless stands as the representa-
tive of all those brave men who
, fought losing fight on Bataan and
Corregidor, followed by years of
suffering and privation in japanese
prison camps. Some such sentiment
lay behind the honors paid him by
General Macarthur at the sur
render ceremonies aboard the Mis-
souri,.
We should not forget, however,
the value of the strictly military role
he played before his capitulation at
Corregidor and its contribution to-
ward our ultimate victory. General
Wainright took over the defense of
the Philippines when General Mac
Arthur was ordered by the Combined
Chiefs of Staff to proceed to Aus
tralia in February, 1912, there to
organize and to assume command
Of the new Southwest Pacific area.
On May Corregidor fell. But be-
tween February and May the re-
sistance of American and Filipino
forces under Wainwright, which
General Marshal has referred to as
"an epic in American history" en-
gagged a sizable japanese force long
enough to delay complete exploita-
ton of enemy victories, giving us
opportunity to send the men and
materials to Australia, New Gale
donia and other Pacific islands and
from these new starting points to
begin the slow but steady advance
which ended in Tokyo on Saturday
night.
Just before Corregidor fell. Cen
eral Wainwright included in a dis
patch to the War Deartment a
passage which lends itself now to
the spirit of affection and respect in
which he is held: "As I write this
We are subjected to terrific air and
artillery bombardment and it is un-
reasonable to expect that we can
hold out for long. We have done our
best both here and on Bataan, and
though beaten we are still un-
ashamed"
Evening star., 1945-09-05
The EoqIe

The eagle does not estimate his po,eer.
But takes the sheereSt cliff in s,ueep-
ing stride,
Or scars into the t,Uilights pnspls
totDer
With toind pale companion at shis
side.
MajesticaHy he storms the citadel
OF sky: to him it is no feat OF skin--
No star looms bright and unuttaiHabIe:
Each cloud is but another silper hill,
But take him from his skyey proHaon.
tory ,s,~.,
Into the lo,pIands;: pinion him to
earth:
Despoa him OF his tridescent GLORY
That marks his heritage OF royal birth.
And then behold the angry beak out
thrust,
And see his feathers draggled In the
dust. : &c
MAE WINKLER GOODMAN.
Evening star., 1945-09-05
New False Face
By Mai. George Fieldine Eliot

We were given some good advice yes
terday about our policy toward Japan,
and we had some concrete evidence
that this advice was really very good
indeed
The advice came from two very diff
ferent sources
In Baltimore, the distinguished and
experienced expert on Far Eastern af-
fairs, Owen baltimore, warned us that
the objectives of the japanese indus
trialists and court advisers are the
same as the objectives of the militarists.
The only difference is" said he, that
the civilians and industrialists are the
go-slow crowd about aggression, while
the militarists are the go-fast crowd"
He said that no real democracy in
Japan would be possible until the grip
of this gang was broken, but that once
this was done there exist in Japan the
elements of "a genuine, spontaneous
and thoroughly Japanese movement
which would substitute for the Emperor
a real republic"
He warned that this will take time.
and that we should be careful because
the industrialists and their friends "are
better prepared for defeat than we are
for victory. They already have put
their collaborationist team in the field"
he said. They are going to be awfully
good boys with the Americans" and thus
they hope to be left in power under
the cover of a pseudo democracy along
the lines of the existing constitution,
with all real power left in their hands.
X II
Meanwhile, in Washington, young
American officer arrived after record
flight from Japan. He was Maj. Thomas
A. Mesereau, % years old, who COM
manded the first battalion OF Amer
lean troops to land on Japanese soil Cthe
Sd Battalion, 188th Parachute Regiment
of the 10th Airborne Division). am
sure Mai. Mesereau would not claim to
be an expert on japanese affairs, but
he gave his first-hand impressions,
which seem to point in the same. direc-
ton as Mr.. Lattimore's warning. The
japanese, he said, bowed and smiled
and complied with all requests. They
acted about the way they would If they'd
just lost ball game, he said. In my
opinion" he added, If we want to
change the Japanese to our way of
thought, occupation may have to last 20
years.
AS to the evidence, it Is contained
in a United Press dispatch from Tokyo
which tells us that "the Japanese
| people will vote in a general election
January IL to 81, 1916. to satisfy the
Evening star., 1945-09-05
japanese Professions

One of the more difficult questions
which will confront the Allies in
dealing with a beaten Japan con-
Germs the reception to be given Japa-
nese professions of good faith. Shall
we accept them as evidencing an
acknowledgment of error and a
genuine desire for reform, or shall
we reject them as being unworthy
of belief?
The reaction of most Americans,
based on bitter experience, is to
disbelieve any reassuring statement
from any japanese source. The
people of this country remember
that Ambassador Nomura and
Saburo Kurusu were bowling and
smiling and processing their desire
for peace all the while that a
Japanese task force was Stealthily
approaching its unsuspecting target
at Pearl Harbor. There can BE little
doubt that these gentlemen were
parties to the deception which was
being practiced, and that never-to-
be-forgotten experience has planted
the seeds of a profound distrust.
At the same time, it seems evident
that there are practical difficulties
which stand in the way of a perma-
nent relationship with Japan that
is based on full and continuing
distrust. Theoretically, we could
occupy and supervise Japan for
generations to come. But actually
we will do nothing of the sort, and
on the day that we withdraw our
military forces there must be in
Japan a government in which we are
prepared to place at least measure
of confidence. That being so, the
logical course now would be to search
out the most trustworthy elements
in Japan and give them whatever
support we can.
The most promising source to
which we can turn at this time is
the Emperor, who is said to have
opposed an attack on the United
States in 1941, and whose present
influence over the people of Japan
conceivably can be made to serve
our own interests. In his remarks
to the Japanese House of Peers
yesterday, the Emperor admonished
his people ito surmount the manifest
hardships and trials attending the
termination of the war;" to make
manifest "the innate glory of Japan's S
national policy" to win the con-
f1dence of the world and devote
ourselves to reconstruction in every
field"
There is room for doubt as to what
these words may mean to the Japa-
nese. Yet there is clearly some
reason to believe that the Emperor
has taken to heart the bitter lessons
OF the war and is prepared to atone
for Japan's past sins. In any event,
it appears that we have little
choice but to assume-until there is
evidence to the contrary-that he is
sincere in what he says, and, while
maintaining close watch over this
beaten people and stripping them of
their means of waging war, to sup
port rather than rebuff the EN-
peror and all others who come to US
and say that they have seen the
error of their ways and now desire
to make amends.
Evening star., 1945-09-05
Peuoetime CONGRESS

WIN Jne shadow OF war through
out the world lifted for the first
time in six years, Congress is as
sembling today for a peacetime ses-
sion which will be watched through
out this country and in all countries
as test of the capacity of the
National Legislature to rise to the
new and great responsibilities which
victory has imposed upon us.
Since the fall of France, and more
especially since December 7, 1941,
Congress has functioned under the
restraint and the discipline imposed
by war. There was no moratorium
on partisan politics or individual
eccentricity during the war years.
But IN the main, and certainly with
respect to the vital issues affecting
the security of the country, these
things were Subordinated to the
clear requirements of the national
interest, and any one who looks at
the record of the past four years will
concede that this is so. The ques-
ton now, however, is whether the
challenge of peace will be met with
the same degree of craftsmanship
that proved equal to the demands
of war.
1t will be evident from the out
set that the new session is going
to bring a severe test of President
Truman as national leader. Dur
ing his almost five months as Presi-
dent he has enjoyed an unusual
measure OF support in Congress and
among the people This has been
due in part to recognition of the
need to close ranks after the death
of Franklin D. Roosevelt. An
other explanation is to be found in
Mr.. Truman's approach to his new
and great responsibilities, in his hui
mlllty, and in the common sense
attitude which he has adopted to-
ward the problems of the day. 1t is
also undoubtedly true, however, that
the continuing war was an impor-
tant contributing factor to the good
working relationship between the
Congress and the President, and this
element, at least, will be missing in
the new session.
The controversy with respect to
continuing the draft and certain
war controls is almost certain to
bring clash between the President
and influential groups in Congress.
Other sources of potential difficulty
include the full employment" bill,
the proposal for increased unem-
ployment compensation, and Mr..
Truman'S request for authority to
reorganize the executive establish
ment.
But the answer to the question
whether Congress will prove equal
to the challenge of the future will
| not be found in the action taken on
| any specific measure There will
always be room for legitimate differ
ence of opinion with respect to par
ticular bills, and it is not to be ex-
pected that Congress Yill prove
amenable to all of the wishes of
any President. What will be
wanted, and what should be watched
for, is tangible evidence that Con-
gress has glimpsed the vision of the
new world emersing from the ruins
of war, that it will not interpret
the return of peace as signal for
reversion to destructive politics, but
that, instead, it will be seized upon
for what it is-an insistent oppor-
tunity to throw off outworn pat.
terms of thought and to welcome
with clear eyes and bold minds both
the problems and the promise of a
better world
Evening star., 1945-09-05

II the movies were as bad as some
people seem to believe they are, they
really would be pretty terrible.
Evening star., 1945-09-05


some higher-ups to lay low Thus by
into one body and one soul.
And how it worked
M M MUGUERDITCHIAN.
To the Editor of The Star:
We, the American people and their
chosen representatives, are being blamed
for the Pearl Harbor disaster
But the American peoples army, COM
posed OF all political parties and of all
religious faiths, make profound amends,
paid in blood and death, by pushing
their generals to ultimate victory!
Perhaps, if another international in
cident dare threaten us, the people will
desire to be alerted by free discussion
OF our foreign policies, secret commit
ments, and immediate dangers.
II not, the people and their govern
ment may aoe destroyed for lack of
knowledge" Remember the atomic
bomb.
CHARLES ALLEN RENTFRo.
To the Editor of The Star:
DeVelOpments IN the Pearl HarooI
controversy show that Mr. Hull intends
to make a speech in his own defense
and that the President and Mr. Stimson
are defending Gen. Marshall But Gen
Short and Admiral Kimmel evidently
are not to be allowed to say a word In
their own defense. This is railroadine
these two officers.
Let us have court-martial and thus
| find the guilty.
CHARLES G. GoRDAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-05

Leading Washington Foshion giving your blood
for Americas fighting men, Remember, your gift may
save fe Coll District 300 today for On appointment
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
Wife and Son Join
Macarthur in Manila

MANILA. March 7 (UP)-Gen.
MacA { thur's headquarters an
nounced today that the generals
wife and 6-year-old son Arthur
have returned to Manila.
The announcement said that
Mrs. Macarthur had returned 10
assist in such way as she can in
the care of internees and rehabili-
tation of the city and inhabitants.
She and the boy accompanied
Macarthur when he left Luzon in
a PIT boat three years ago.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
State Stiffens
Rules 10 Get
Draft Quotas

LANSING, March Three out
OF four deierments of men under
30 years of age will be Cancelled
under revised deierment policies
state scleCtive service h 2 4 d
quarters announced today.
Asserting that military calls
currently are the largest IN more
than a year. Brig Gen. Pearson
state director. said
"New instructions 10 all To-
cal boards will require reclassi-
hcatiOn of all hut a few regis
trants under 80 now occupation
ally deferred.
Under new regulations. such
registrantS may be- deferred
only IL their employers and fed
eral procurement agencies GER
tify they are Indispensable and
irreplaceable. Employers have
been advised 60 expedite re-
placement Of such workers
under 80 who must be- called
for service"
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
Where YankS
Fight To-day
By ROBERT c. MCCLELLAN

THE United States, in censored dispatches, has
/ identified at least 81 divisions of American
A troops on fighting fronts strung around the
world
This includes 81 divisions of infantry, 13 ar
mored, four airbOrne divisions and six divisions
of marines.
On the western front out of a reported So divisions
"a have been identified American.
These 54 include 80 infantry u armored and three
arborne divisions.
THE entire Allied force the front, under Gen
Dwight Eisenhower divided three groups armies
They
The Sixth Group at the southern end of the line
fighting in AIsdce under 1t. Gen. Jacob l.. DeUerS.
The TDeLth Group in the center under 1t. Gen.
Omar ~ Bradley
The Twenty-frst Group the north end Of the
line reaching into Holland, commanded by Marshal
Bernard L. Montgomery
The Bradley group up entirely of American units is
composed of the First and Third American Armies
The First Army under 1t Gen. Courtney H. Hodges has
nine divisions identified.
They the First, Second, Eighth, Ninth 75th,
Continued o Page ,, Col e)
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
$50 Strike
At Graham S

A quarrel over washup time
which led to the discharge of two
'Instigators" was climaxed today
in a strike of 1,500 workers of the
Craham-Paige Motors plant, at
S505 w. Warren.
Company spokeSmen said that
$50 employees continued to work
despite picket lines.
While officials of Local 142.
JAW -CIO. insisted that the strike
was unauthorized. Leo Grogan.
the president, declared he had
not urged 700 strikers" to return
to work at ar informal meeting
20 tell the employees of what was
going on in the plant"
The workers were discharged
several days ago and Is employees
were laid off for a week. The
department makes Alligators for
amphibious operations.
2D MEETING TOMORROW
Another meeting of the strikers
was scheduled for tomorrow.
The long standing quarrel over
washup time started when the
company changed the established
practice of allowing welders 15
minutes to wash TO five minutes.
The plant also makes parts for
aircraft engines and other ord
nance.
The second strike in three
days at the Detroit Aluminium
Continued on Page 2, Col g.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
Baby Burns 10 Death
When SaIve ExpIodes

Paul AlverSon, 10-month-old son
Of Mr.. and Mrs. Gerald Alverson,
1916 Rockdale. was burned 10
death today in his crib.
Salve being heated on an cleo
trio plate near his bed exploded,
police reported
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
Thousands i'm Ohio
Flee Flood Waters

dead High waters Tapped around
war plants. forcing them into idle
ness. Thousands of schools were
closed
About 5000 families were
homeless between Pittsburgh AMI
Louisville. Another lGUJ persons
fled from their hous IN Indiana.
and LOO evacuateu river bottom
sections In Illinois.
The high water forced coal
mines 10 close an some sections.
In other areas armoricS and pub
lie buildings were used as dormi-
Continued on Page ., Col. -
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
ByUnited Press


Flood waters Of the Ohio River
spilled over iowiandS from Pitts
burgh to Cairo H. today IN
what threatened to be- the worst
flood disaster since 1887
Thousands OF families fled from
their homes along the twisting
course OF the rIVer nearly 1000
miles long.
Western Pennsylvania. West
Virginia. Ohio and Kentucky were
the hardest hit. Other flood va
ters rolled across the river valleys
Of southern Indiana and Illinois,
and Mississippi and Arkansas.
Nine persons We're known
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
WLBChairlnan Davis
Named I'D OES Post

WASHINGTON, March Z (INS)
President Roosevelt today Sc
lected William II. Davis, chairman
cf the War Labor Board to be
director of the Office of Economic
Sterilization in charge of the ma
tons ar ti-infation program.
Davis will succeed Fred NJ. Vim
son, who was appointed federal
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-08
md Under 80 Deferments
ST near BOZ
PaffOn'S Army
GainSHMileS

PARIS, March Z INS)-The great German Rhine
cities of Bonn and Cobenz faced with almost
imminent seizure by American troops today.
Victorious U. S. First Army forces driving south from
conquered Cologne closed in Bonn from points less than
three miles away and the Third Army operating to the south
scored 1me advance that brought the armored Fourth
Division spearheads Mayen only dozen miles from