davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-18
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0vn

It is understood that Russia's sphere
Of influence in Germany, as agreed
upon by the Allies, was recognized to ex-
tend operationally as far as the Elbe
River and into CZechoslovakia.
When the delineation Of these spheres
was agreed to. the armies of the western
Allies had not yet broken through the
Rhine defenses and it looked as If they
would not reach the Elbe and the Bo-
hemian Forest mountains until late in
May. Some observers believed the Rus
slams would begin their major drive
first from the Danubian front into
Austria and, after the liberation of
Vienna, would start the offensive across
the Oder River against Berlin.
At the time of the Yalta Conference,
the German forces in the west were es-
timated to approximate 80 divisions
capable OF putting up an energetic re-
siStance from behind strongly fortified
positions SO that it might require two
or three months before the Germans in
the west could be crushed and the main
drive, leading to a junction OF the Anglo
American and Russian forces, could be
started. BY that time the Russians would
have cleaned up the Danubian Valley
and the forces in the west and the east
could meet without either entering the
others operational zone.
But things did not go as they had
been planned. German resistance in the
west was much weaker than antici-
pated An entire armored army was
detached from the western front and
sent to the east and the "impregnable"
German Notifications collapsed under
the impact of the western Allied armies.
The progress of Gen. Eisenhower forces
became so rapid that in some quarters
there was suspicion that the Germans
were opening up the Reich in the west
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Wants Queens Head Restored

To the Editor OF The Star:
The discovery of the head OF Queen
Nefertiti, the mother-in-law Of Pharaoh
Tut ut-ankh-Amen, among the art treas
ures liberated in Germany brings to
the front once more the romantic story
Of the finding Of the Tut-ankh-Amen
tomb and its Implications.
Queen Nefertiti was not an Egyptian
but the daughter Of the King of Nit
tanni, Upper Mesopotamia. She was
married to Pharaoh Amenophis w, who
broke with the priesthood of Thebes
because he ceased to believe in poly
theism. He moved his capital up the
Nile toward Cairo and changed his
name to Ahk-en-Aten, more often
written Inkhnaton. A letter, found
among the Tel Amarna tablets, sent to
Pharaoh Inkhnaton from his father-in-
law, speaks Of Queen Nefertiti as his
daughter and Inkhnatons chief wife"
We know that Nefertiti's children all
were daughters. After the head Of the
mummy Of Tut-ankh-Amen was care
fully examined, the resemblance of 1t
to the peculiar skull Of Inkhnaton has
convinced certain Egyptologists that
Inkhnaton was both father-in-law and
father OF Tut-ankh- Amen. The boy
king, whose mummy was 50 recently
discovered, married his half sister, a
very common marital relation In former
days. Abraham married his half sister.
The head Of Queen Nefertiti reveals
one Of the most beautiful and refined
faces ever discovered among ancient
art. The people of Egypt have resented
that this inestimable piece of art of the
epoch of Moses should be anywhere
than in the Cairo Museum. 1t is hoped
that the Allies will let Nefertiti go
where she belongs-back to Egypt.
JOHN O. KNOTT.
Evening star., 1945-04-18

armor operating westward from Ferrara
could cut them off successfully from the
crossings Of the Po, so that no great
number Of them could get across the
river and flee toward the Brenner Pass.
Eventually, then, these Withdrawing
Germans would come up against the
Swiss frontier, or they would be backed
into the Alpine region on the borders of
Southern France
This does not sound very hopeful,
from the German point of view Yet it
Is situation which is full of unpleasant
though relatively minor problems from
the Allied viewpoint. Nothing could be
more annoying than to have to dig out
succession of little German centers
OF resistance in the difficult terrain af-
forded by the Apennines and the Alps
1t is the sort Of warfare in which there
is not much credit for any one, not much
notice is taken Of it, the officers and
men feel that they are virtually forgot
ten by their own country in the rush
and thunder of greater events-and yet
they must fight and suffer and die in
order that an enemy who has no hope
whatever of winning, and who fights on
out of sheer fanaticism and vicious
natred, may be destroyed.
y X
The time may very we'll arrive when
1t will be appropriate and even neces-
sary to declare that such Germans as
continue to fight in this fashion are
outlaws, to be dealt with not as honor
able soldiers but as criminals. That
time is not yet, for we are very far
from having overcome organized resist
ance. There is still German govern
ment in existence, and legal state of
war exists in the conduct of which we
and our Allies are bound to act in &C
cordance with civilized usages.
But when there is no longer Ger
man government, or any considerable
German territory still in possession of
a German army, then it does seem
reasonable that German soldiers found
elsewhere than in Germany, who refuse
to surrender and let the healing work
of peace begin, can and should be re-
garded as outlaws not only by the vic
tor states in this war, but also by
neutrals. This writer, for one, can see
no sound reason why, in such c1rcum-
stances, the governments of Sweden
and Switzerland, for example, should
not be called on to aid in extinguish-
ing as an intolerable nuisance any
pockets of German resistance which
might be found in Norway or in the
Alpine regions of the Swiss border,
respectively.
This, however, is looking rather far
ahead. For the moment we are con-
cerned with the immediate progress of
the campaign in Italy, and all that can
now be said is that it is going we'll on
all fronts. There have been no spectacu-
lar advances, so far, but there have
been steady gains which indicate that
there is plenty of reserve power behind
all sectors of the offensive, and over
whelming air support is in evidence.
The orders of the day Of Field Marshal
Alexander and General Clark show full
confidence that the time has come for
the final elimination of the German
armies In Italy.
(copyright, 1e45)
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Pole Stur

Polaris, shimn,ertng at the zenith Of the
northern sky,
Burning ,Dith tin,eless and diamond
clear blue light,
Be for these young sailors more than
guiding star
By Dhich they reckon their far course
in alien night.
Be memory of home for them IN stranger
longitude,
Remembrance OF brighter season
and another place;
Be reaSsuring in the cold small hours OF
the match
As touch of familiar hand or utston
OF knoDn face.
Watch ouer their poyages inptsibly In
time of day,
Euen as you are beacon on the dark
ened heapiug sea;
But more, be symbol OF all hope for
them,
For all the young and lost, the promise
OF time to be.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-04-18

so the Anglo-Americans could reach
their capital before the Russians.
Hitler's admonition Of Monday to his
forces defending Berlin from the east
to resist with every ounce OF strength
the "Asiatic invaders and his failure
to mention the "Anglo-SaXons" lends
further color to this suspicion.
In view of these circumstances, 1t is
possible that the American forces may
not push toward the east beyond the
agreed perimeter of the assigned zones
unless the Russians desire it for mill
tary reasons. II our operations in
Brandenburg and toward CzechoSloVakia
begin to slow down, it may be to await
the results of the large-scale Russian
offensive toward Berlin.
In the meantime, Gen. Eisenhower Is
pressing further In full strength toward
Munich. Leipzig and Dresden in order
to cut off all contact between the rest
of Germany and that area which is ear
marked as the American zone of occu-
patton until final peace settlement
has been reached.
The resistance in Bavaria and Saxony
is expected to stiffen. This is particu-
larly true OF the Bavarian Alps which
our forces are by way of reaching. The
best remaining German forces from the
western front were withdrawn several
weeks ago to what military quarters
believe will become the last center of
bitter resistance of the SIS and the Elite
Corps.
1t is towards this objective that the
commander in chief on the western
front seems to be directing his efforts
at present. perhaps in the theory that
to clear the american zone" in Ger
many is more important than an all
out drive toward Berlin, which must
remain Russian, even if our troops get
there first
Evening star., 1945-04-18
CM 245664 l1944l

The caption OF this article refers
to court-martial proceeding in
which the conviction of the soldier
involved, who is not identified by
name, was set aside by higher Army
authorities because he had not been
given sufficient time in which to pre-
pare a defense. 1t is not perfect
parallel to the Shapiro case, here
tofore discussed in these columns,
but because of the similarity of the
basic facts it is worthy Of close at
tention from War Department Of
ficials considering the Shapiro mat
ter.
Former Lieutenant Sidney Sha-
piro, cited for substituting another
man for a defendant in courtmar-
tial to test the correctness of the
identification of the accused, was
forced to stand trial within eighty
minutes after charges were served
on him. In less than five hours he
had been charged. arraigned, tried,
convicted and sentenced to be dis
missed from the service. And this
procedure was approved by the
higher authorities.
In CM 245664, however, the ac-
cused. according to the Bulletin of
the Judge Advocate General for
March, 1914, was served with charges
the day before he was brought to
trial. The accused in this instance
was an experienced lawyer, which
Shapiro was not. Both sought more
time to prepare their defenseS, and
both requests were refused. But
the conviction of Shapiro, who had
eighty minutes to prepare a defense.
was sustained while that in CM
245664. in which twenty-four hours
passed between the serving Of
charges and the trial, was set aside,
The Bulletin. in reference to CM
245664, said: THE fact that the ac-
cused was himself an attorney did
not deprive him of the right to be
represented by counsel and to be
entitled, after being officially in
formed that he was to be tried, to
prepare for his defense. The right
to prepare for trial is fundamental.
To deny this right is to deny fair
trial." Qtalics supplied)
There will be universal agreement
with the sentiments expressed by the
Army in CM 245664. In peacetime,
military regulations require that a
defendant be given at least five days
in which to prepare a defense be-
fore court martial can be held. OF
course, this much time cannot be
allowed in every case in time Of war.
But. because of that, it does not fol-
low that in war soldier should be
brought to trial without any oppor-
tunity worthy of the name to pre-
pare such defense as he may have.
Yet that is precisely what was
done in the Shapiro case, and it is
difficult to believe that the Army,
especially in the light of the ad-
mirable official views expressed in
CM 245664, will not find some means
Of correcting the grave injustice
which has been done him.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
n Teleersph Journal:

From the st. John Telegraph Journal:
A really good ship is good for as long
as she floats. Mere age makes little diff
ference. AS an example of how well
they build them in the old country,
one may look at H. M. S. Anthony. a
destroyer According to information
from the other side, she has steamed
243000 miles since the beginning of the
war. Her war record includes Atlantic
conveys, Dunkerque, Spitsbergen, Malta,
Madagascar, Sicily and South France.
This ship is Is years old. but recent
tests have shown that she is at present
only knots slower than at her commits
sioning in 1929; and after completing
one busy month in the Mediterranean
with a total of 5000 miles steamed she
was still the fastest ship in her hotilla.
Best of luck to the Anthony and all
like her.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Allied Offensive in Italv
'y Maj. George Fielding Eliot

The long awaited major Allied offen-
sive in Italy has begun. Like all our
present offensive operations, its objec-
tive is the destruction Of the German
armed forces opposed to it, These prob
ably consist Of "a or Is divisions, &C
cording to late reports. There were said
to be % German divisions in Italy last
winter and the reduction may possibly
mean that the Germans have filtered
out three or four divisions to other
fronts: If this is so, the slow rate of
withdrawal indicates the extreme diff
Guilty which the Germans have encoun-
tered in moving troops across the north
ern plain of Italy and through the AL
pine passes under constant Allied aerial
vigilance.
The present offensive appears to con-
siSt Of three parts: an attack westward
on the front between Lake Commachio
and the mountains, conducted by the
British 9th Army, with its right wing
directed on Ferrara and its left wing on
Bologna; an attack northWard in the
general direction of Bologna by the
right wing of the United States 5th
Army, and an attack along the coast
toward Spezia by the left wing Of the
United States 9th Army.
OF these several points Ferrara is by
all odds the most important Once that
vital road and rail junction is reached
by Allied troops, the German prospects
of escape are virtually disposed Of The
terrain over which the 9th Army is ad-
vancing Is fairly fiat, but it is intersected
by numerous rivers and canals, of which
the Germans are taking full advantage
as military obstacles. Moreover. the
front is narrow. being confined between
Lake Commachio on the north and the
Apennines on the south.
1t would seem probable, from the map,
that the main German line of resistance
may be encountered in front of the rail-
way and highway Portomaggiore- -Moli-
nella a-Budrio-Bologna. If this line can
be preached, and especially if it's north
of Portomaggiore, the construction of the
9Th Army's right flank by the obstacle
of Lake Commachio will have been over
come, and it will be possible for the AL
lied armor to fan out" in open country
on the approaches to Ferrara. Moreover,
an advance to Portomaggiore would per-
llllG OCllCl nAACu VlOOpo, lllONlllS dClOSS
the lake or around it by the narrow
strip of land between the lake and the
Adriatic Sea (Where Allied advances
have recently taken place., to join with
the right wing elements of the 9th
Army in drive for Ferrara.
Should Ferrara fall, the way would be
opened for an armored sweep into the
rear areas of the German armies and
across their remaining supply lines; if
the bulk of the German forces were
at that time deployed between Ferrara
and Bologna, or fighting in the noun
tains south and southwest of Bologna,
it is hard to see how many of them
could hope to get back to Germany.
Their sole recourse would appear to be
the local defense of a small mountain
Citadel between Bologna and the west
coast, or withdrawal to the northwest
along the main highway toward Parma
and Milan. Almost certainly Allied
Evening star., 1945-04-18
New Loan Administrator

In his first major appointment,
probably the most important that
he will make for some time, Pres
ident Truman has chosen John w.
Snyder, st. Louis banker and close
personal friend, to succeed Fred M.
Vinson as Federal loan admins
traitor.
Little Is known Of Mr. Snyder in
Washington, but the indications are
that his appointment will meet with
a generally favorable reception. He
has sound background as banker
and he also has considerable expert
ence in Government, having served
as director Of the Defense Plants
Corporation and as assistant to the
director of the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation under Jesse
Jones.
According to Mr.. Jones, the Pres
ident could not have made better
appointment" Full approval also
has been expressed by Senator
George of Georgia and Senator
Briggs of Missouri. Chairman Wag-
ner Of the Senate Banking Conf
mittee, who might be expected to
express the New Deal point Of view
describes Mr.. Snyder as a very
able" administrator and predicts
that his committee will act favor
ably on the nomination.
The unanswered question concerns
the reaction of those Senators who
fought to secure the Federal loan
post for Henry A. Wallace after the
late President Roosevelt had named
him to succeed Jesse Jones as
Secretary of Commerce. position
which then included control of the
lending agencies. The Senate was
unwilling to assign these functions
to Mr.. Wallace, and the George BILL
divorcing the loan agencies from
the Commerce Department, was
passed after a hard fight
If Mr.. Snyder is too far to the
fright" for the liking of these
Senators, they may oppose his con-
firmation, although it is to be hoped
that this first major appointment
will receive widespread support.
But. whatever may develop in this
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Air MASTERY

Inc GROWING victory OF LNe AL
lied air arm over the Luftwaffe last
Monday attains one of the chief
military objectives of the war, which
is the achievement not merely OF
air superiority but of virtual air
mastery. The distinction between
the two is important. Mere superb
ority in the air, even when general,
does not prevent local enemy oper-
ations. In the last war, for instance.
the Allies had a fourfold plane SUI
periority over the Germans, yet the
Luftwaffe of that day was active
and annoying to the very last. Per-
haps, in those days, complete air
mastery was impossible, because
aerial bombing was in its infancy
and enemy air bases could not be
knocked out from the sky. Now,
enemy planes can be hunted down
and destroyed on the ground. to-
gether with such vital ppurtenances
as repair and fuel depots. hangers,
etc. This was precisely what took
place last Monday, when some 5000
Allied planes secured almost the
whole of the shrunken Nazi Reich,
including air bases in Bohemia and
Moravia hitherto relatively undam-
aged. The bag on that one day was
over 900 enemy planes, mostly on
the ground; and this record came on
top of previous raids. The grand
total of German plane losses since
April 1st exceeds 5000
The consensus of Allied opinion is
expressed by one qualified observer
who commented from London: "The
LuftWaffe has been knocked out.
It still has planes but the Ger
mans have neither the fuel nor the
pilots to fly what is left. The Luft-
Waite has now been reduced to moth
ing more than a nuisance value"
Equally optimistic was the still
more authoritative statement of
General Carl A. Spaatz, commander
of the United States Strategic Air
Forces in Europe, who, in a special
order of the day, said that the stra-
tegic air war against Germany had
ended VIGOROUSLY and that hereafter
United States heavy bombers would
be used for tactical operations.
The military significance of that
last statement is very great. 1t
means that, henceforth, our big
bombers can operate in close CO..
ordination with ground troops. fly
ing under almost all conditions and
with a minimum of fighter protec-
ton. The tactical blasting Of enemy
ground forces and communications
will thereby be immensely accelerat-
ed. For the first time in a war be-
tween first-class powers, the full
potentialities Of air warfare. theo-
Evening star., 1945-04-18

retically slimpsed long ago by Cen
eral Douhet, can be actually real
lied. The outcome of this technical
ly perfect experiment will have an
important bearing, not only on the
war in Europe, but also on that
against Japan, whose waning air
strength may before long result in
a parallel condition in the Far East.
Students of air warfare must in
deed be watching eagerly and taking
copiouS notes these days.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
DR.. Motley's Picture Praised
TO the Editor Of The Stal

To the Editor OF The Star:
I write to express my pleasure at
the announcement that Walter Reed
Hospital accepts the prize winning pic
ture painted by DR.. Robert E. Motley.
The reproduction of that picture in
The Sunday Star gives very good idea
of the pleasing subject which the
painter selected to paint. I saw the
picture. with many others, on view
at the National Museum, and was
asked by an attendant if would care
to vote on the best picture in that
exhibit. Without any hesitation voted
for DR.. Motley's picture. It is serious
painting of beautiful scene, and one
who loves the beautiful would never tire
Of looking at It. H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Would Give Up Navy Yard

To the Editor OF The Star:
opinion about the location of the sta
dium- o-be, so, far be it from me to
hold back with my own idea.
Why not move the Navy Yard out of
town COR has this already been pro-
posed and equip the site with a stadium
and other recreational facilities?
presume that Alexandria would be glad
to get the Navy Yard, and Washington
seems such a queer place for heavy
goods industry. F.. O. BILLINGS.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
No Paid Chairs Here
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
On April 10 you drew attention to
park benches here being "for free" and
in London being only available for
penny each. But on this subject you
are misinformed The ordinary park
bench throughout Great Britain invari-
ably is for free"-but should the would
be sitter require opportunity for greater
relaxation-and perhaps directional ad-
justment-he can hire unto himself for
l or 2 pennies a very comfortable
canvas -slung deck chair.
In Washington, however. this extra
refinement is not offered to the public
at any price! D. COLIN SMITH.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Trusts Mr.. Dulles to Be Impartial

To the Editor of The Star:
According to Representative OToole,
representation at the San Francisco
Conference should be by religious aff1li-
alton; i.e., a representative of each OF
the three major faiths.
While this is not new idea, it does
bring problem into focus. If one re-
ligious group enters politics to the ex-
tent of demanding political representa-
ton, can that religious group then
complain if the religious issue is inter-
jected into political campaigns?
My theory has been that we select
the best man for the Job. regardless
of his religious affiliations.
Furthermore, don't believe there are
many people who question John Foster
Dulles ability to handle the assignment
given him. CORPL. JESSE E. AIKEN.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Annie Has a Friend

TO the Editor Of The Star:
In reply to Charles Malcolmson's let
ter (April 81, wish to say "Phooey!"
To think that Melvin and his mother
were angels and that orphan Annie
should have been murdered and buried
in the backyard is certainly beyond my
comprehension.
Also, when Mr.. Malcolmson says that
"The Stars readers cry out for retribu-
ton wish he would speak for himself,
for I'm sure that most of The Stars
readers are with me when I say Three
cheers for Little Orphan Annie!"
WILLIAM B. SWITKES.
Evening star., 1945-04-18

respect, 1t seems quite evident that
the Senate will support the Pres
ident by q substantial majority, and
for the principal reason that the
appointment is a good one.
Evening star., 1945-04-18

Recent pictures of Gen. Patton
doing a pirouette of victory are rem
iniScent of the snaps Of Hitler doing
that jig-step back when France fell.
Der Fuehrer's fling may now well be
termed break down"
Evening star., 1945-04-18

Foreign dispatches declare that
there now has been established in
Germany full equality" between the
army and the SIS forces 1t is diff
cult to decide whether this is a boost
for the army or a knock for the
black-uniformed boys.
Evening star., 1945-04-18

Queen Victoria used to remark
tartly. I'VE are not amused" Radio
listeners feel like saying, 1--WE are not
amazed" when that verb Is overdone
by broadcasters plugging Some per-
fectly commonplace article.
Evening star., 1945-04-18
Here's to the Anthony

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