davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-29
Peace
Continued From First Page.)

ports and rumors sprang UP in many
parts of the world.
The TaSs announcement carried
by the Moscow radio was the first
official announcement that a sur
render offer of any kind actually
had been made.
The Tass dispatch said response
BILE Soviet circles" confirmed the
German offer and that "the govern
ments OF Britain and the United
States have noted that they will ac-
cept unconditional surrender only
to all the Allies, including the So
Wet Union"
Himmler, according to Senator
Connally, explained that Adolf Hit
Ter was i'll and that Himmler was
acting In Hitler's stead. Himmler
was reported to have said that Hit
Ter was mortally i'll and undoubted-
ly would die when he learned of a
surrender.
The western Allies promptly re-
jected the Himmler offer and were
reported in San Francisco to have
given Himmler until Tuesday, May
l. to surrender uncondition",l 20
the three great powers-Russia,
Britain and the Unlteo o.usos.
The alternative was increased de-
struction of Germany and total
crushing Of her army.
Himmler Attempt to Make Deal.
Himmler was said to be irving to
make a deal for his own personal
safety before accepting the Allied
demand.
Then Senator Connally passed the
word that surrender had been ac-
cepted and that formal announce
ment could be expected at any mo-
ment. He said it previously had
been set for 4 pm. Eastern War
Time, yesterday in Washington, but
that it had been delayed.
Senator Connally prepared and
gave to the Associated Press an
advance statement. to be held for
release with the announcement he
expected, commenting on Hitler
having met his doom.
Inc Stockholm paper Dagens
Nyheter said Himmler had made
his surrender bid through Count
Folke Bernadotte, vice chairman OF
the Swedish Red Cross and a fire.
ouent visitor to Germany on mercy
missions.
The count was said to have gone
to Germany yesterday. presumably
carrying an answer to the offer.
Eisenhower in Bed.
Then came Senator Connally's
word that surrender actually had
been accepted by Himmler as de-
manded.
This word was sped quickly around
the world. 1t found most of Allied
headquarters in Paris in bed asleeu
including Gen. Eisenhower.
Paris dispatches said that accept
ance OF any surrender still was re-
garded there as a matter involving
the Allied governments rather than
military headquarters.
London Sunday morning papers
published the story with banner
headlines, but there, too. because
Of the hour. there was no jubilation
Evening star., 1945-04-29
|Frenchwomen
| To Vote Today
For First Time
BY the Associated Press.


PARIS, April 28.-France will vote
tomorrow for the first time since
1886, and for the first time in the
history of the republic women will
be allowed to cast their ballots.
No issues OF national policies are
involved. The French were elect?
ing municipal councillors.
But this was the first liberated
soil anywhere in Europe where the
electorate has been permitted to
vote on its representatives.
Nearly 100000 French, more
than halt of them women. were
registered and were expected to
vote.
Hundreds Of women throughout
France were candidates for once,
exercising the rights Of voting and
holding ONCE granted by the De
Gaulle government after liberation.
Evening star., 1945-04-29
Crowds
Continued From First Page)

conditionally and that an announce
ment was expected momentarily.
This news was broadcast by radio
stations. A Washington newspaper
mot The Starr appeared on the
streets with the unqualified state
ment that Germany had surren-
dered.
Sweeping through the city with
amazing rapidity, the report, mag
net-like, drew hundreds to the side.
walks in front of the White House
while thousands more happily
Evening star., 1945-04-29

evident In London's wet, dark
Cautious cabbies said, Lets
wait and see II It's the real thing"
In San Francisco, however, there
was celebration. A delegate to the
United Nations Conference held up
q newspaper bearing the headlines
for all to see, and the fourth plenary
session went into an uproar.
Conference Goes Wild.
There were five minutes of yells
and applause, In which Soviet For
eign Commissar Molotov joined with
an expression of bewilderment.
The enthusiasm dampened speed
lily later when the word of President
Truman's announcement was re-
ceiyed.-
In Rio de Janeiro the surrender
story touched of a street-dancing
celebration by cheering crowds who
streamed from theaters and night
clubs. They sang, shouted and
danced the samba while fireworks
popped throughout the Brazilian
capital.
There, as in Montreal, the later
denials were fairly generally ignored
by the celebrating throngs.
That Germany was collapsing
rapidly was obvious. Victory was al
hand, and the people were in nc
mood to be skeptical.
From the Swiss radio there die
come a report-unconfirmed-o a
German military surrehder-in the
North Italian provinces of Piedmont
and Lombardy. What it might in
volve was not specified.
Tension gripped Washington wher
the reports of the German surren.
der circulated and President Tru.
man. who had left the White House
in the early afternoon for his tenn.
porary residence in nearby Blai,
House, returned to the executive
Offices.
Called Allied Headquarters.
He told reporters:
President Truman told the hastil,
assembled reporters:
We'll. I was over here, as YOU car
see. doing little work and this ru.
NOR got started.
I had call from San Francisco
and the State Department called me
I just got in touch with Admira
Leahy (his personal chief of staff
and had him call our headouarter,
commander in chief in Europe
and there is no foundation for the
rumor.
That is all I have to say"
The fourth plenary session of thu
Security Conference was thrown
into an uproar and delegate.
celebrated prematerly when a news.
paper was held up with big rec
headlines, "Nazis Quit"
Delegates Applaud Wildly.
For five minutes there were wells
applause and the fash of hundred.
OF flash bulbs as camerame1
swarmed over the floor.
AS Julian Caceres, chairman O.
the Honduran delegation, held ut
the newspaper for colleagues to set
there was a moment of beWilderee
silence. Then pandemonium.
Not realizing what was happen.
Ing. Mr.. Molotov, presiding for tn,
first time, rose to his feet. Their,
was a bewildered look on his face
but he applauded along with tn.
more than 300 delegates in the hall
Mr.. Molotov finally restored order
raising his hand for silence. But the
delegates streamed out of the build.
ing as the speech of Uruguayan For.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
A Stabilizing Influence

Early this year the OPA launched an all-out national grocer consumer anti-in- 1lation campaign. The activities of the campaign included the opening of a model food store in Philadelphia drama tlzlng proper posting of ceiling prices, meat grades, ration values and other wartime and rationing requirements. The store was planned, built and completely stocked with "live' fruits and vegetables, staple groceries and dummy cuts of meats and dairy products, by local food chains and their supplierS. A schedule was worked out among the chains so that different company each week assumed the responsibility for stocking, maintaining and staffing the store
 It will never be fully appreciated how much the retailers of the country have had to do with keeping the price and rationing program on an even keel. Theirs has been the responsibility of making the rules work, They have operated on progressively narrower profit margins. Chain stores in partiC ular have fought rising prices tooth and nail because, aside from the purely patriotic obligation, they know that their life depends upon minimum prices and maximum consumer demand.
 The chains will be a tremendous stabi- lizing influence after wartime controls are relaxed. The value to consumers of the merchandising principles which they have introduced into distribution are only now becoming generally recognized. LoW-cost, high-volume production and distribution can pull the country safely through the many menaces of postwar readjustments, and are the primary reason why we can face with optimism an otherwise overwhelming public debt, High production means high tax rev enues. The chain stores epitomize the springboard of high production, mass distribution.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
Not Too Late Yet

l. is certainly no eXaggeratiOn to say that everyone in the country is familiar with rationing. During these war years, practically all of us at one time or another have waited for the wheels within wheels of officialdom to allot us necessities As necessary as this has been, it is useless for any friend of bureaucracy to claim that the waiting and the filling out of blanks and forms has not been a drag on precious resources and energy. One hun dred and thirty million Americans know better Shiploads of gasoline, thousands of tires, and millions of man-hours have been expended or lost by consumers in responding to the demands of government agencies.
 Familiarity with the waste and slow down effect of bureau regulation may be blessing. It may result in easier rid dance of the system when the war emer gency ends. Consumers may heed the warnings of retailers and others who must run businesses under it's dead weight. This regulation is so complete that any retailer will tell you the only responsibility left to him in regard to his store is that of holding the sack to meet taxes, bills or bankruptcy.
 Not only is he regulated in every detail, but he lives with the constant reminder Con countless blanks), that heavy penal ties and jail are ever present possibilities. He will tell you that modern mass dis tribution which has helped give con- sumers an unprecedented high standard of living, cannot survive this type of reg ulation in peacetime and neither can the freedom of the American people. The wartime emergency rule of the Federal bureaus must end within a reasonable time after peace, or it will grow until the people have no power to remove it.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
Administrative Absolutism

Dean Emeritus Roscoe Pound of liar yard Law School has expressed deep con- cern over one of the greatest internal dangers to liberty that this country has ever faced. That danger is the insidiouS subjugation of the rule of law in favor of government by administrative decree, or, as he describes it, administrative abSolutiSm." This tendency must be checked, he said, or we will find our selves with a regime of autocratic bureaus" so entrenched as to lead us in the direction of dictatorship and totalitarianism.
 Instead of our fundamental doctrine that government is to be carried on according to law, we are told that what government does is law" he continued. Instead of law which thinks of citizens and officials as equally subject to law, we are told of public law which subor- dinates the citizens to the official and enables the latter to put the claims of one citizens over those of another according to his personal ideas for the time being"
 The entire system of emergency war time powers now vested in government is based on this administrative absolu tism.' That is why it must be withdrawn at the earliest possible moment and at any cost. Government according to law should become the motto of every Amer iCan.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
The Case Against Doenitz

Without being conversant with the legal niceties by which war criminals gre defined, we agree with the National Maritime Union that Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz should be included among them
 AS commander-in-chief of a defeated enemy, Doenitz apparently would not be tried for war crimes. But he assumed that rank, as Hitler's successor, in the closing days of the war Before that he was in command of the Nazi U-boatS.
 It was Doenitz who scorned humanity as weakness and ordered his crews to machine gun survivors of torpedoed ships. Because of this utter disregard of civilized rules which mitigate the uncivilized prac- tice of war, most of the 15,000 United Nations seamen who died in the war against Germany lost their lives need 1essly.
 In consequence, the NMU has asked sne War Crimes Commission that Doenitz be tried with other Nazi war criminals. We think that the union has good case.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
Poet Pound

It was the bounden journalistic duty and dubious personal pleasure of Edd Johnson of the Marshall Field news papers to interview Ezra Pound, eXpa- triate poet and rabd Fascist, in Genoa. Pound has been under indictment for treason since 1943 for broadcasting pro- Mussolini and anti-American propaganda from Italy.
 Said Pound to Johnson, among other things: Adolf Hitler was a Jeanne d'Arc, a saint. He was a martyr . MuSsolini was a very human, imperfect character who lost his head. Winston Churchill believes in the maximum of injustice en- forced with the maximum of brutality
 I do not believe I will be shot for treason. l rely on the American sense of justice
 As for Ezra's last statement we go along with him on that reliance in the American sense of justice. And for that very reason we'll bet him even money that he doesn't beat that treason rap.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

further back than that, to the freedom of the Hebrews as set forth in the reign of King David. The granting of Magma Charta in 1915 marks the beginning of the demo- cratic movement among English speaking people. We cannot expect the Russians, who lived for cen turies under the Czar, and the Chinese who have long been under the heavy hand of war lords, to have the same democratic ideals that we have. IL took us many cen turies to learn to be free. We need to remind ourselves constantly that no one can do for Us the job of being free. Our forefathers fought for liberty, but that was not the end-it was only the beginning. If we want the peoples of the earth to adopt our form of freedom, we shall have to demonstrate to them that freedom is worth having.
 All through the ages freedom and
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

Florida is always modernizing it's plans and methods. People used to steer their automobiles hundreds and even thous- ands of miles in order to get to Florida resorts. But everything changes in the transportation world, including street cars. St. Psretebu grhasshrdeltaoihdlu cars. St. Petersburg has purchased a lot of modern vehicles known as track less trolleys to take the place of out-oI- date equipment that fails to meet the general progressive atmosphere of that fine city. Thus the overhead trolley system is completing almost straight path in distributing it's usefulness along the Eastern Atlantic Coast.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

It was stated at a Rotary Club lun- cheon this week that 2,540 persons in this city are waiting to have telephones installed. In a talk on the telephone situation a representative of the Southern New England Telephone Company spoke of postwar telephone needs. Telephone equipment at the present time goes to the Army and Navy. It is as difficult to get telephone installed as it is to get new refrigerator. In fact, it can't be done; so those who are blessed with tele- phones should feel grateful and use them with respect and discretion. In the meantime the speaker at the meeting said that those on the waiting list will be given service eventually with latest improvements in telephone communica- tiOn
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

much as to the fact that Ameri- cans are not permitted to De free agents in Bulgaria.
 American officials are con fined chiefly to the city of Sofia. and for time the Rus sian Government would not even permit the United States to send money to Bulgaria to pay the American staff. And on one occasion when Maj. Gen. John A. Crane and State De- partmcnt Representative May nard Barnes were invited to lunch with the Bulgarian Min ister of War, four miles out side Sofia, they were stopped by Russian guards and made to turn back to Sofia.
 On top of all this came the arrest of the 16 Polish leaders who were to negotiate with Mos cow for the broadening of the Lub!in Government. With this climax Churchill and Truman wrote similar notes to Marshal Stalin. setting forth all the broK- en Yalta promises-Austria, Po- land. failure to consult regarding a new government in Roman!a, failure to carry out certain poli- tical pledges in YugoslaWa. They asked Stalin for an explanation.
 Stalin's reply, which will be outlined in an early column, left great deal to be desired. IL was one day after it's receipt that President Truman stopped Lend Lease shipments to Euro pean Russia, continuing, how ever, Seattle shipments of equipment for the Trans Siber- ian Railroad. Some U. $. gener- aIs were so anxious to stop all shipments. they radioed r. $. vessels in the Black Sea to turn back - until Truman counter manded their order. This is the worst side of the Russian story. The other side will follow shortly.
 Copyright l945, by
 The Bell Syndicate, Inc)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
ONE-HORSE- -AND-BUGGY
 n0CT0R

For some years I have assumed that you really were a specialist, 8 health specialist of the top rank (writes a pastor), but read in your column today T am not food specialist, just an ordinary doctor.' If your readers are to believe thls what are they to conclude aboui your criticisms of other doctors especially those who are specialists? I have followed some of your suggestions in preference to ideas of personal physicians . but un- less you are qualified as a compet- ent specialist beyond the "ordin- ary," there is not wisdom in either following your advice or reading it, and I, for one would like to know the fact, if your modesty will per- init you to state it for the bene- fit of one who has been an ad- mirer
 (Signcd -. Pastor ------ Church)
 My modesty boggles at no such trifle, sir. The fact is, as l have tried always to make every one un- derstand. that I am a plain, ordln~ ary, plodding e-horse- -and-buggy type of doctor.
 As for being a specialist - per- haps sir, you have a naive notion of what constitutes a specialist. In medicine a specialist is an ordin- ary doctor who devotes himself and perhaps limits his practice to cer' tain diseases. Neither by law nol by custom does a specialist neces- sarily surpasS the doctor who does general practice, in knowledge or skill Of course, after years of practice in his limited field a spe- cialist may and should be some what more capable of diagnosing and treatment unusual cases in that field, but even then, always with the aid and counsel of the patient S family physician.
 I'm afraid, sir, that yau may be one of the large number of simple, trusting folk who think special ists" are super-doctors and hence that one is smart if he passes by the ordinary doctor and goes straight to a specialist" when he needs medical advice or treatment,
 The only real specialist, my dear ex-admirer, is the doctor who has engaged in general practice for at least ten years, found his particu- lar bent or interest. pursued a seri- ous course of graduate train ing in that field, and then finally announced that his practice is linn tied to that field.
 A real specialist depends almost exclusively upon the medical prac- titioners in his community for pa- tients - the doctors recognize his ability and refer difficult cases or call him in consultation.
 I'm sorry. reverend sir, but the only speciality I could possibly claim as my own is preventive Medicine. Or I might settle for Personal Health-in fact I suppose I have been practicing Preventive Medicine and Personal Health in my ways for years Would that be an inducement to you to stick with us a while longer. sir?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
Views Of The Press
CUTTING POTATOES
CNeW Tor; Times

iNeW 1OlS IlneS)
 Comes that inevitable Friday when the countryman announces that after supper the seed potatoes must be cut and made ready for dropping the next day. The potato patch, has been plowed and the larger stones and rocks tossed onto the stone boat and dragged 10 the big stone pile in the thin-soiled corner of the upper field The ground has been disk narrowed into mellow tilth and the furroWs plowed out. The soil is just right, neither too dry nor too wet; when a man squeezes a handful of the dark loam 1t forms a friable lump.
 To young man who had planned on getting in a few licks of final batting practice in preparation for the game the next afternoon. cut ting potatoes is not the most ap- pealing work in the world The hus- bandman. however, enjoys the an- nual task of getting seed ready for his half-acre - enough for the family and for a few customers in
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

To really see the spring in Connecticut in May here in our own corner of the state you have to cut through the fields, go deep into the woods where you will find the -the-pulpit, violets, the May flower, and in some hidden recesses, the cowslip. You can't really take in all of May unless you poke along. Sometimes violets are in the fields, again you will find them near a meandering brook. And when you espy white one you feel that you have really seen something.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17
PASSING THE BUCK!
Bridgeport Post)

| i1@ M IS BCA U C'h'
 The habit of passing on to others the blame for life's predicaments goes back at least to the Garden of Eden where Adam blamed Eve for the ike he was in, and Eve blamed the serpent.
 The same technique is followed to this day, when people well pleased with themselves take all the credit, but lay their misfortunes on others, when compelled to face unpalatable truths.
 It would be a novelty to meet someone in trouble and hear him say-"Well, it was all my own fault" And so hear another com- ment on his own good fortune thus II can't claim any personal credit for this would be more of a novelty.
 The opposite is usually the tale that is told.
 Yes, human nature IS quick to claim credit, quick to assign blame and fault elsewhere. slow to assume responsibility, disposed to make others. including God, the scape goat of their own shortcomings.
 However, little befalls any of us that is not in the nature of our selves. We ordain a good part of , the future by the shape of our own thoughts. AS a wise man has written:
 "As you think, you are. As you love, you attract. You are today where your thoughts have brought you. You will arrive tomorrow where your thoughts take you. You will fall. remain or rise, with your thoughts"
 This seems to be the law which the passers of the buck refuse to acknowledge. And falling there, ] they fail all down the line.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-05-17

blind Army sergeant who has been discharged from Avon Old Farms Conva- leScent Home is the first blinded veteran of this war to receive certificate that entities him to sell insurance. This is quite distinction since the veteran must pass many tests, and the fact that he qualities shows what such institutions are doing in training discharged casual ties for future work.