davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
MRS. DRAKE,
1928 HaTtwell.
TO THE EDITOR:

TO THE EDITOR:
4 FTER receiving two Dear
"A Buddy letters from my
cousin, / decided 10 write and
tell you how my buddy and
myself enjoy reading your
weekly letter 10 us.
It's more than iust letter:
It's something that the horn
folks usually miss putting in
their letters 10 US. You really
do a swell job of telling us
Michigan boys what really
comes off back in Detroit. All
that ! can say is keep up the
good work and you can rest
assured that you'll keep US
happy over here in the F.. I. o.
l just finished reading the
Dec. /. 1914, letter and it's okay
with me except the statement
about Cpl Thomas Mulligan.
who says that he didn't need
any rescuing AZ Bastogne be-
cause he was doing okay With
me and almost the whole Third
Army, it's bunch of bull"
That isn't nice 90 write, but
It's the truth. You can't ask the
dead ones, because they can't
talk. But you can ask the ones
that went through il all right.
they will tell you if they res
cued any one.
/ hope 10 receive another OF
you. letters soon.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
KnowIedqe Test

1.-The largest state east of the
Mississippi River is: (a)
Pennsylvania. (b) Georgia,
(c) Virginia?
2-Corduroy means: (a) Lords
cord, (b) queens cord, (c)
kings cord?
3-Job's tears are used in maxi
ing: (a) face cream, (b)
rosaries, (c) linoleum?
4-Fill the blank in. where
are the .... of yester-
year p: (a) SHOWS, (b) rains,
(c) winds.
5-The first president 10 have
a secretary of agriculture
was: (aD John Adams, (b)
". S. Grant, (c) Grover
Cleveland q?
6-Match these columns cor
rectly; the product and the
state:
(Al-rice fvl--N Carolina
tbj-sweet potatoes twl-caliiorniA
tcl-hops Cxl-Georgia
(dl-lemOnS tyl-Oregon
tel-peanuts l-LouiSiana
(Answers on Opposite Psge)
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
MRS. RMA SMALL.
TO THE EDITOR:

TO THE EDITOR:
I WANT TO tell you about the
L honesty of one concern in De-
troit.
While shopping one dayA
found five-dollar bill on
floor of a store. I turned the
bill in because j thought it
might have been lost by some
one who really needed il. The
manager of the store told me il
it wasn't claimed they would
send il TO me. / just laughed
because l never expected TO sec
it again.
/ now have the five dollars
plus a red face for thinking the
way / did. It's worthy of mem
ton somewhere in your paper.
JOSEPH c. kOVACH, + 1-c.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14

6-Starting with middle c on
tne piano and counting it as
one, how many black and
white keys are there before
the next G?
Yesterday we had a question
about the meaning of the
expression "cut the Gordian
knot" OF what historical
character is the story told
that gave rise TO this ex-
preston?
(Answer. on Opposite Psge)
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14

E0RTY NINE persons, 2l of them
i women, came up before Record
er's Judge Skillman yesterday for
violating the curfew.
Some of them were operators of
places doing business after midnight,
and some of them were guests.
But all 49 of them were fined,
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
Cheating ON the CulrfeW

with the alternative of going to jail.
There will be no sympathy for
these people, nor for any others that
the police bring in during their drive
to enforce the curfew.
Curfew cheaters are cheating on
the soldiers and sailors overseas, and
cheating on patriotism.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
Postal Workers Grateful
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST,
PUBLISHER, WYNTOON, CAL.
New York, y. Y.


YNHIRTY three hundred letter carriers Of New York
Il City and their families very grateful for your
personal interest and staunch support for salary increase
Daily Mirror February 20 editorially supports
bill H. r. 2071 Glenn Neville and Mirror staff very
cooperative.
Please accept sincere thanks for taking time
to participate in this campaign which appears of Snail
Importance to many but EVERYTHING TO US. Pa
tenty observing twentieth anniversary of last increase
ABRAHAM c. SHAPIRO Secretary
Empire Branch No. 36,
National Association of Letter Carriers.
New York, y. Y.
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST,
SAN SIMEON, CAL.
CLENN NEVILLE and Daily Mirror hit target March
" with editorial captioned "The Postman Needs
Raise" Swell job
E. F. Tompkins for Journal American scored
March with powerful cartoon and editorial caponed
"A Just Wage Increase Bill"
We are sending Mirror editorial to every congress-
and senator tomorrow.
Letter carriers and other postal employees too
grateful to you for your impetus in behalf.
Our humble and general thanks.
If you could only hear heartfelt appreciation Of letter
carriers who feel encouraged by your quiet efforts
Ny compliments for that spread in Los Angeles
Examiner February 25
ABRAHAM c. SHAPIRO,
Secretary Branch 36, n. A. L. G.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
Brain Game

meal porridge; tcl synCo-
pated rhythm characteristic
Of Scotch airs. as Comm
Through the Rye.
4 new movie has been made
Of one Of Oscar Wilde'S
books. ~ What is its title?
Sgt Ernest /. Thomas of
Tallahassee. Fla, a L. $.
marine, has been identified
IN news dispatches as the
central figure Of a dramatic
incident on Two Jima. What
was this incident?
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
BUDDY RAY.
TO TIE EDITOR:

TO THE EDITOR:
WAKE up American mothers.
w Let's back Senator Walsh
CD) of Massachusetts and Sena-
tor Taft (R) Of Ohio and make
President Roosevelt keep his
word 10 us that our 1S-year-old
sons would have at least one
year military training before
being sent into actual combat.
Act now. Send letters and
kilograms to Washington today
il YOU love your sons.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14

lis Hitler's home az BcrChtes-
gaden nearer SaizburE Aus
tria Prague. CzeChosl0vakIa;
or Berne. Switzerland?
2-True or false Iron possesses
more magnetic power than
any other chemical element.
3-Scotch snap IS: ta) the
Scotch name for what we
call Scotch whisky; tbt oat-
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
TO
THE EDITOR
TO THE EDITOR:


I WROTE you a letter while
i on the Anzio beachhead. and
now I'm writing from France.
/ am a member of the army
commanded by 1t. Gen. Patch
and since we landed on the
beaches of southern France on
Aug. ID we have covered tre-
mendous amount of ground. We
made this mad rush from the
BE- a C h he S all the way up the
Rhone Valley and have inflicted
the enemy's Nineteenth Army
with heavy losses.
Since I have been overseas,
which has been well over year
and half, I have seen many a
battle. The two worst ones
were the crossing of the Vol
turno River in southern Italy
and the Anzio business.
l receive all the editions over
here and. although / don't get
them hot off the press, l still
enjoy reading of how we have
advance through all these
countries in Europe.
I'll never forget the victory
we scored at Mont Jamais in
which our artillery knocked out
conveys of enemy vehicles and
horse drawn artillery which was
estimated to be about 18 kill
ometers long. / rode through
the wreckage with our artillery
commander and 1T was what we
call sweet piece OF work.
a lot OF the boys who have
been over here for Is months
and over are wondering what
happened TO those furioughs
that they were promised.
think they all deserve them.
I'm waiting for the next issue
OF YOUR paper
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
MRS. FRANK D00LEY.
TO THE EDITOR:


4 FEWdays ago I was walk
"a ing on Fort street towards
the Federal Building, carrying a
package containing non-stamped
but addressed greeting cards.
Being a very windy day, | was
holding on 10 my hat and doing
so lost my package. When I
arrived at the post offiSe Ed
discovered il / retraced my
steps. but the cards were gone.
One Of the cards was ad-
dressed 10 my sister. and last
night she told me she had re-
ceived IL. ] was surprised. but
am glad some very kind person
was so thoughtful. / am CRATE
ful and do want 10 say thank
you, hoping he or she will see il.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-14
CPL. j. b. PIRRONE.
TO THE EDITOR:

TO THE Editors:
I WONDER what the drivers
L for coal companies are think
ing of when they dump your
coal in the street and refuse to-
take your money 10 wheel !,
10 a basement for you.
am speaking for a friend who
is very sick from a cold due to
the rainy day she had 10 carry
coal 10 her basement, This
lady walked two miles 10 get
slip from the police de.
partment 10 get coal for her
and her five children, then 10
have them dump the coal in The
street. -
| hope some Of YOU coal driv-
erS read this as II Just burns
me up.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03
Normal College Departments
Plan Conferences April IA

strom acting as chairman. The pro-
gram will begin with a discussion
Of American History. Miss Anneta
Monroe, Roosevelt High School,
will discuss the elementary level.
Edward Heyman, Ypsilanti High
School, the secondary level, and
DR.. Howard Blackenburg, Normal
College. will discuss the college lev
ell. After a luncheon at 1850 In
Charles McKenny Hall cafeteria
there will be a group discussion on
the teaching OF history from 1870
to $3.50.
The program for the school libr-
airy service will be in the faculty
womens lounge under the chair
manship of Miss Elsie V. Andrews,
librarian Of the college,. The pro-
gram will begin at $50 with a
discussion of experiences since
graduations, Following luncheon
in the cafeteria at 1880, the group
will discuss specific problems en-
countered in library service and
their solution from 100 to $3.50.
Following that discussion, the
group will enjoy tea in Stark.
weather Hall.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

An "in service" campus confer.
ence sponsored by the departments
Of English, speech, history and So
cial sciences, school library service
and laboratory schools with sepa-
rate program for each department,
will be presented April IA in Char
les McKenny Hall.
The English and speech program
will be in the Alumni Lounge OF
Charles McKenny Hall with Pro-
fessor Gerald d. Sanders acting as
will be a discussion of the aims and
purposes of the conference at $50
n. m. At $40, members of the
English Club will present a skit on
How Not to Teach English, with
Catherine Alderman acting as
teacher and Esther Rienensch-
neider (Josephinej, Ruth Bolton
(Stella). Shirli Sweum (Rebecca),
Audrey Haycock. (Veronica), Agnes
Greenwich (Annabel Lee), and
Phyllis Kelly (Emma), acting as
pupils. At 9:55, the. composition
clinic in charge of Miss McAnd-
les. Roosevelt High School. assist
ed by Verny Hoyman, Roosevelt
School, and Professor Elizabeth
Carey, Michigan State Normal Col
lege, will consider the expression
of English, written and oral, the at
tainment goal at various levels,
and designs for a continuing pro-
gram.
Twelve o'clock luncheon in the
cafeteria will be followed with
conferences in groups from / to
2:45 p. m. DR.. Ruth Barnes will
be in charge OF a group which will
discuss Enlivening the Book Report
in the Alumni Lounge. Professor
Charles c. Walcutt, will lee.
ture on How to teach a Poem,
in room three. and Professors Jo-
seph Kelly and Marion Stowe will
speak on speech activities and
problems in the high school, The
chairmen or representatives of the
Group Conferences will give brief
reports OF the conferences between
GAS and 400 which will be follow.
ed by servings of cakes and coffee
in Starkweather Hall.
The program for the departments
of the history and social sciences
will be in the Women's Lounge
with Professor Simon E. Eager
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03
First Year Men Have
TO Wear Green Caps

The freshman boys have again
adorned themselves with their
green frosh pots" and add color to
the college campus.
The "frosh" caught without his
little green cap will have to ap-
pear before the Mems Union at
Charles MceKnny Hall for Swing
session" by the upper classmen.
The boys had to don their new
headgear the day after Easter va
cation.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

The hrst famethrowers on rec
ord were used at Del,um In 2i2 BE-
and consisted OF hollow tree trunk
attached TO the lower end OF whicn
was a basin filled with glowing
Goals sulphur and pitch A bel.
lows blew the flame from this pipe
in the form OF a Jet.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

Troops Of the Byzantine empire
made such effective use OF Greek
Fire. invented by Callinicus about
600 AID, against the saracens
that It was said to have saved that
empire from foreign domination for
nearly a thousand years.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

Il is estimated that between 30
and 50 per cent OF the professional
Japanese soldiers have studied
English. and that 25 per cent speak
IL efficiently.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

Fatal burns among children one
to four years old are caused in
about equal numbers by hot liquids
and open flames or hot objects.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

Of Gen inam
l. o cross
river t ppol s shown ae In landing
craft n he ca lie @ German
shell seplod ohy where o tn minister
the
Armygr Chhan
prime o tbs
were first crssTh lisa Army S9nalCrp sraHoph
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03
Campus Events Calendar
TODAY
AT NORMAL COLLEGE

TODAY
AT NORMAL COLLEGE
800 p Indicating Club Charles McKenny Hall.
$3.50 ?. insignia Nu Phi Supper, Sarkweather Hail.
D NJ Student Club Charles McKenny Hall
WEDNESDAY
6:45 p m.-Y.W.C.A meeting Starhweather Hall
1880 mOccupational Therapy Club Charles McKenny Hail.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-04-03

However, despite increasing number applicants VOTED
telephones be installed And long distance coils delayed
side eornss be lower than before the
Our prmoy and do everything possible TO hasten Victory
R YEAR AND 1884, OUR THIRD WAR YEAR,
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-04-12
NOTICE
TO WHOM 1T MAY CONCERN:

Notice is hereby given that /,
Marie Hardin, guardian of Bob
bic Ruth Hardin and Billie Lee
Hardin and Barbara Jean Har-
in, infants, residents of the coun-
ty of Wayne in the State of Mich
igan where Marie Hardin was
duly appointed as guardian for
Bobbie Ruth Harbin, Billie Lee
Hardin and Barbara Jean Hardin,
will make application to the Cir
cult Court for Dickinson County,
Virginia, on April rs, 1945 or IS
soon thereafter as I may be heard
for the entry of an order author
izing me, as guardian aforesaid,
to transfer from the state of Vir-
ginia to the state of Michigan all
money now held by the Cumber-
land Bank and Trust Co., Clint
wood Virginia, belonging to the
said Bobbie Ruth Hardin, Billie
Lee Hardin and Barbara Jean
Hardin, in the sum of approx
mately $1675.0O, and now held
on checking account by the Cum
berland Bank and Trust CO. ap-
pointed and qualified as such
guardian in the county of Dick
enson and State Of Virginia.
Marie Hardin, Guardian OF
Bobbie Ruth Hardin, Billie Lee
Hardin and Barbara Jean Har-
bin for the County of Wayne
in the State of Michigan. By
Counsel.
A. NJ. Phipps Counsel 1922
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-04-12
ORDER OF PUBLICATION

Virginia: In the Clerks Office of
the Circuit Court o f t h e
The County of Dickinson, on
the 9th day of April 1945
Paul w. Hodges, Complainant
Against
Verl Hazel Hodges, Defendant
The object of this suit is to OBJ
tain divorce Avinculo Matri-
monii.
And affidavit having been
made and filed that the defend
ant, Verl Hazel Hodges, is not a
resident of the State of Virginia,
it is ordered that she do appear
here within 10 days after due pub
LEGATION hereof and do what may
be necessary to protect her in
terest in this suit. And it is fur
Their ordered that a copy hereof
be published once a week for
four successive weeks in the
DICKINSON HERALD and that
a copy be posted at the front
door of the court house of this
county on or before the End April
rules 1945.
A copy-Teste:
E. B. Stanley, Clerk
j. c. Smith pa. april 12-45
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-04-12
ORDER OF PUBLICATION

Virginia: In the Clerks Office of
the Circuit Court of the Coun-
ty of Dickinson, on the 2lst
day OF March, 1945.
Sidney Ball, Complainant
against
Mildred Ball, Defendant
The object of this suit is to OBJ
tain for the complainant from
the defendant divorce amensa
ct thoro upn the crumbs of de-
sertion.
And affidavit having been
made and filed that the defend
ant. Mildred Ball is not resi-
dent Of the State of Virginia, it
is ordered that she appear here
within 10 days litter due publica-
tion hereof and do what may be
necessary to protect her interest
III this suit. And it is further or
dered that a copy hereof, he pub
lished once week for four sue
cessive weeks in the Dickinson
Herald and that copy be posted
at the front door of the court
house of this county on or before
the LIST April rules, 1945
A copy-Teste:
E.. B. Stanley, Clerk
BY Lee Stanley, D. c.
J. c. Smith p q March 22-45)
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-04-12


THE COLONIAL GRILL, Clintwood Va
DICKINSON COUNTY HosPIT AL. cintwood, va.
NEW THEATRE Clintwssa, Va.
CILNTWOOD ESQ STATION. Clintwood Va
NEW HARDWARE q FURNITURE co. Clintwood, Va
CIINTWOOD DRUG COMPANY, Cintweed Va.
J. H. ANDERSON sheriff, Birchieaf. Va
REMIRE SUTHERLAND, Cltntw sod Va
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-04-12

Seven billion dollars the quota far In
diyiduals in the 9Th War Loan -. makes
quite heap Of money.
It's a bigger loan than Uncle Sam has
needed yet.
To put it over, each o0e OF us will have
to scrape up more cash-buy bigger lords
than ever before.
Because this year there will be only 2
War Loans, not 3; so we've eot to stretch
those into 3!
Sure-7 billion may look like q so< Of
money to us. But billion-or any amount
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17
Be Agreeable And
Men Will Like You

Women ask again and again.
What shall I do to make my
self attractive and win a sweet
heart or a husband, perhaps. I"
The answer, or at least one an
swer, comes readily to mind. Just
make yourself agreeable-learn
to smile, eschew selhshness.
think of others" These are some
Of the time-worn adviccs given
by patient and loving mothers
to their yearning daughters
since the world was young. BE-
mindful of these advices, for
they are as forceful today as
they were yesterday. All men
like agreeable women, no man
in his right mind chooses an ir-
ritable one. All men want to be
happy, and barring that, they
ask simply for peace. Give them
that.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17

son Office between the returned
fighter-Studnt and the Univers-
ity and Veterans Administers
tons. When CT Joe comes back
from the front and is mustered
out Of service, he may decide
upon an Immediate career of edu-
cation. If he is disabled and
needs rehabilitation in order to
resume again his place in So
ciety, then he comes under Pup.
lie Law No. Is. First ex-private
Joe files an application with the
Veterans Administration which
Is usually located in the Fed
eraI building Of his home town.
If the government decides that
he needs rehabilitation, an em.
ployment objective is chosen and
a college program is outlined.
When the vet comes to Boston
University, it is the task Of TIE
Reception Center to interview
him and decide in which depart
ment of the University, New
England's largest, he will best
be able to gain education in lis
chosen field. OF course, the ex-
Serv'iceman is subject to the tests
for admission and upon passing
those, he is placed where his
qualifications and interests shUw
that he should go.
Under Public 346, the Service
mems Readjustment Act Of 1914,
more commonly referred to as
the CT Bill Of Rights, any VET
eran who was not Is years o.
age when entering service and
who served at least 80 days in
the Armed Forces Of the United
States is eligible for one yeas
of education paid for by tie
government. Application is made
either at the University or at
the Veterans Administration.
The Boston University Vet
Grams Reception Center, enter.
ing its second year, is trying to
relieve the veteran Of as much
of the burden and responsible ty
Of red tape as possible. Now well
established and familiar with
the problems of the returning
CT, the Center plans to aid and
advise thousands Of men and
women after V-day when the
Armed Forces will be partially
deaobillized.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17
MYRTGs HARRIS WED

NEW YORK-On Sunday, Miss
Myrtis Harris, daughter of Mrs.
Ruby Sibley Harris. and grand
daughter of Mrs. Sadie sibley,
all formerly Of Boston was unit
ed in marriage to Mr.. John Lee
Schoaumott Of New York.
The couple are honeymooning
In Boston till Monday, domiciled
at SO Ellington st., with Mrs.
schaumotts' aunt, Mrs. Reda
Prendegast. Mrs. M. r. Steward,
god-mother Of the bride enter
tanned them at tea on Saturday.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17

complete artist studio-home,
complete even to a miniature
shrine. Often here the artist
spends week away from house
hold cares. The little chapel she
dedicated to her family in APP
probation of their agreeing to
her studio apart from the home.
Among the pieces exhibited were
the Skull" and the baS re-
lief Of william Monroe Trotter,
a striking likeness OF the editor.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17
~Refrssher Courses" Featuring
Winter Pears
BY BETTY BARCLAY

~Rsfrssher Courses" Featuring
Winter Pears
splesd Baked Pears, illustrated
above, suggest how easy 1t is to
brighten winter menus with luB-
ciouE sugar-sweet winter pears.
Try these refreshing nutritious
pears also for salads, pies, upside
down cake, meat accompaniment,
lunch-box and breakfast fruit.
Ask for scientifically pre-ripened
or "Redi-ripe" pears, now available
In many markets. Otherwise, ripen
pears at home by keeping them at
room temperature eco to TO- FL
until they respond to slight finger.
tip pressure as ~ ripe peach does.
Then pears are ripe, regardless of
color.
For an easy elegant dessert, try
this tested winter pear recipe.
spleed Baked Pears
Serve with whipped cream or sauce.
cups water
X cup each brown and white sugar
whole cloves
three-inch sticks cinnamon
6 Anjou or Nelis Pears
Combine water, sugar, cloves,
and cinnamon in saucepan and
cook until sugar dissolYes. Cut a
thin slice from blossom end Of each
pear and stand upright in baking
dish. Pour syrup over pears. Bake
at 325' F. 11z hours, basting occas-
ionally. Serve warm or cold. Serves 6.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-02-17
Boston University
Veterans Center
Is ABusy Place

More than 200 veterans Of
this war were aided and advised
in their educational problems by
the Boston University Veterans
Reception Center up to last Sep
TENDER, President Daniel l..
Marsh has announced. Some OF
them are not eligible for admis-
sion to Boston University, but a
solution to their educational
problems is sought through 9TH
er channels. Founded last spring
this Boston University staff is
now expert at threading its way
through the maze Of government
facts and figures pertaining to
the &c I Bill of Rights"
Since Boston University is
composed Of II colleges ana
schools, 1t was deemed advis-
able last year to establish some
office to handle the cases of dis
charged servicemen. Months De-
fore the CT Bill became law,
back in November, 1943, the
Boston University Veterans Re-
ception Center was created by
direction Of President Marsh
and the University Trustees,
with Or. Chester M. Alter as d.
rector and a complete Saff ~
aid him.
In the past II months the Re
ception Center has found, con-
trary to the opinions of educa-
ional journals, that the ex-
soldier does not want a short
course of study, but rather he
desires the regular four-year
program. The only exception to
this rule, tested among 300 men
and women, is that of profess
sional men who desire refresher
courses before returning to prac-
tice. Predominance of interest
among the vets is in the field
Of business administration, while
the sciences slightly outweigh
the arts.
The Boston University Recep-
ton Center, one of the first vet-
eran-aiding organizations to be
founded anywhere, acts as a lial-