davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-27
BY Francis P. Douglas

y
ernmental departments and installed a
State business manager. He cut the
State operating costs, but not at the
expense of relief payments. He put
through labor law which became known
as the count ten" law. 1t provided that
neither strikes nor lockouts could be
instituted until after To-day cooling
off period, or 40 days If the public in
terest were involved.
There was more. And, OF course, there
were his critics. They said he loaded
the payrolls with his appointees and
then froze them in Office with the civil
service law. Some elements of labor
criticized him on the score he gave en-
ployers too many breaks; some employ
ers heckied him when he told them to
meet labor half way.
But despite this, Mr. Stassen was re-
elected for a second two-year term
Then he was elected again in 1912 al
though he told the voters he was going
to resign after the legislative session OF
1943 and enter the Navy. For his sue
cessor he backed Ed Thye, one Of eight
candidates for lieutenant governor. Ed
Thye was elected.
On International Affairs
Gov. Stassen's first term record at
tracted national attention and he was
the keynote speaker at the 1910 Re-
publican Convention in Philadelphia and
was floor manager for Wendell L. Willkie
there.
He had his eyes not only on what was
Evening star., 1945-05-27

the Washington area usually are $40
an hour for dual instruction.
When student begins to fly solo the
rate drops to around 81 an hour. Under
CAA regulations the student must put
in Is hours solo time before becoming
eligible for private pilots license, if
he is flying at a .CAA-approved airport.
At a nonapproved field he must have IS
hours solo time.
The question of approval by the way,
does not involve. any shortcomings in
equipment or personnel. 1t is based on
conformance with certain CAA re-
quirements for ground school training.
Washington schools fall in both classes.
Thus, at an approved field the total
cost of becoming eligible for a private
pilots license is $275, and at a non
approved field $345.
No airport manager expects a student
to pay all this fee at once. Very few do.
Instead they train under a pay-as-you-
go system and fly perhaps one or two
hours week. Instructors say this sys-
tenn is better as it gives student more
time to let the lessons soak in. And, too,
1t tends to make the student more eager
Evening star., 1945-05-27

waiting only for materials and labor
to become available. In addition many
new fields will be opened up.
Last year, for instance, the National
Capital Park and Planning Commits
sion announced it was going to survey
the Metropolitan Area for suitable sites
for additional fields. The members had
a goal set up for them by a CAA plan
ming consultant who cited statistics to
show that Washington would have
possibly 5000 privately y-owned planes
after the war This. he said, would
call for at least 20 fields around the
city, each with a minimum storage
capacity of 100 planes.
Many suburban communities already
are laying plans for airfields in their
areas, seeing them as boons to postwar
business. And the National Stadium
Committee has received suggestions for
the establishment of an "airpark" type
OF field in conjunction with the me-
mortal sports development on the Ana
costa River.
For Flying Tourists
1t Is in this "airpark" line that most
postwar airport expansion around the
Metropolitan Area is expected. Avia-
tion officials see this type of develop
ment bearing the same relation to fu-
Evening star., 1945-05-27

aerial navigation, meteorology, civil air
regulations and general service of planes
and their motors.
None of these tests are meant to keep
persons from flying. They only seek to
assure the CAA of the applicants fitness.
Even when one has his license he
must continue to fly prescribed number
of hours annually to keep the license
valid.
The Washington's areas CAA-ap-
proved fields have this ground school
instruction available. At some the en-
rollment is included in the flight train
ing fees. At others there is an extra
charge. But at none is the ground
school compulsory. Students often pre-
fer to borrow or purchase approved
textbooks, manuals and copies of the
regulations and "bone up" at home.
Many aviation publishing houses supply
both manuals and sample examinations
at very low cost.
+ Those now winning their licenses
won't have to worry about the WASH
ington areas airport facilities after the
war. Almost all of the present opera
tors have expansion plans that are
Evening star., 1945-05-27
BY James Birchfield,

nature whereby all life is interdepend-
ent. When the scales become tipped too
far a plague may result-such as the
grasshopper and locust infestations-
and II natures balance is destroyed by
mechanical means many disastrous re-
suits may occur.
For example, orchards without bees
might not produce fruit Birds without
insects to feed upon might die or mi
CRATE to other areas Animal life
might become affected, and man him
self suffer through the loss of his nat
ural allies.
Already demands are being made for
peacetime use of DDT over wide areas.
Interests in Canada are investigating it's
possibilities as controlling agent for the
spruce bad worm that devastates vast
areas of forest. In the Southern United
States cotton growers are looking to the
chemical as the answer to boil weevil
control Although these are but two
examples of its possible use, both demon
strate the necessity from standpoint of
commerce and conservation, for an in
secticide that will eradicate insects over
a large area of country. Doctors also are
studying its possibilities in malaria con-
troll projects.
In sense, the experiment to be con-
Quoted jointly by the Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Research and the
Wildlife Service, already has begun. for
biologists early this spring began a tab
ulation of animal life in the two test
areas.
Small mammals have been trapped in
both areas over certain periods so that
1t can be determined in later trappings
If the animal population has decreased.
Man-hours expended in both areas have
been carefully recorded, since disturb
ance may prove factor in the wild-life
record, and streams have been tested for
types and numbers of aquatic species.
Furthermore, the river will be screened"
to conclude how far-reaching are the
Evening star., 1945-05-27

ture aviation as service stations, drive
in restaurants and tourist cabins do to
automobile traffic. Airparks will be STOP
'oyer points, convenient to residential
and resort areas, or on main tourist
routes. Shopping centers are expected
to spring up around them. For over
haul and repair work the plane owner
will take his craft to a larger field,
where complete maintenance equip
ment and large mechanical staffs are
available, just as the automobile owner
takes his vehicle to a large garage for
major work.
This type of development may appear
visionary to a person who is not air.
minded. But those who make their liv-
ing by flying are sure it is not. At one
Washington airport plans already are
on file for 100 hangers, each to house
a single private plane.
The manager is convinced. on the
basis of flying interest now shown at
his field, that Washington is ready and
waiting for such a project.
The fact that hundreds of persons
are flying daily in this area, most of
them waiting for postwar production to
make it possible for them to purchase
their own planes, seems to bear him
out.
Evening star., 1945-05-27
Washington Takes to the Air
By J. K. Van Denburg, Jr.

to derive every bit of benefit from his
time in the air.
These rates apply only to light planes
those Of the cub type. If one seeks
instruction in faster, higher powered
craft, the rates climb steeply. For the
average student, however, the light plane
is the thing. Few want to learn how to
fly plane whose cost might range from
$4,000 to $4,000. They are interested
only in the type of plane they themselves
expect to own after the war.
On the instruction cost line, incident
ally, many aircraft firms are promoting
postwar plans whereby person may
purchase a plane and be taught to fly
it as a part of the sales price. At least
one Washington area airport now has
such an arrangement. Persons buying
plane through it receive eight hours OF
dual instruction free.
The Physical Side
I'D like to learn to fly" one hears
from many would-be student pilots, 'but
I never could pass a physical exam"
That point appears lot less difficult
than they imagine, as the crowded flight
lines at area airields prove.
No examination at all is necessary to
receive dual instruction. AS far as the
CAA is concerned the student may be
lame, halt and at least partially blind.
The safety factor, of course, is the
presence OF trained instructor at the
other set of controls, ready to take over
if anything goes wrong.
When one is ready to solo a student
pilots certificate is called for. That re-
quires medical examination. But the
tests are not SO stiff. Generally speak
ing, the applicant must have:
l. Not worse than 0/50 vision in each
eye, provided correction brings each eye
up to 2O/30 or better (20/20 is perfect
vision). In cases where correction is
needed the student must wear glasses
while flying.
2. Average depth perception of 80 mil
limeters or better on prescribed CAA
depth perception apparatus, with or
without correction. (This is test where
one operates sliding sticks at the end
of a set of strings to show he can line
them up at a distance)
3. Be able to hear a whisper at
distance of three feet.
A. No acute or chronic disease of the
inner ear
S. No disease or infection of the nose
or throat which would be aggravated by
flying.
6. Normal equilibrium.
Even If one feels he cannot meet all
these requirements the CAA is willing to
grant waivers to private pilots, If the
applicants ability, judgment and expe-
rience compensate for the disability. A
permit granted under such waiver may
be limited as to the type of plane the
Evening star., 1945-05-27

effects of DDT when applied to water
surfaces.
1t has already been proven, in labora-
tory tests, that DDT seems harmless to
Warm-blooded animals, but produces a
toxic effect on cold -blooded species when
applied to the surface of water. Labora:
tory shelves at the refuge arc filled with
jars containing small fish, crayfish and
small snakes, all the victims of the
potent chemical.
While the direct application off DDT
seems to have little or no harmful effect
on warm -blooded animals, it is not
known what the results will be on life
when large area is covered. The ex-
pertinent has been timed to begin early
In June so scientists may check the
growth OF the young of birds and ami
mails after the chemical has been applied,
The DDT will be spread at the rate OF
hive pounds per acre, since this is about
the maximum strength that it could be
used commercially. 1t is expected that
as the chemical settles over the woods
and fields insects will die in swarms,
uilell III d uldIlcT OI SECONDS not sign
of insect life will remain in the area.
Durability to Be Measured
1t is now known that when applied
to the walls of a room DDT remains
toxic to the housefiY for months, but
how long 1t will remain potent when
sprayed over the landscape has not been
ascertained. Only one application is to
be made, and checks will continue into
the fall SO that the most remote action
of the chemical will not 60 unnoticed.
While scientists will make no predic-
tions as to the value of DDT when used
in large-scale insect eradication projects,
they generally agree that it will become
a boon to housewives and small garden
ers where its use can be limited to small
areas and individual applications. From
known facts, unless they are refuted by
the area experiment, it also seems pos
sible that DDT may become of value in
some large-scale projects.
Evening star., 1945-05-27

Civilian Washington is taking to the
air. More and more persons are flocking
to civilian airports for flight instruction.
Some are learning to fly because they
have sons, brothers. husbands or sweet
hearts in the air arms of the armed
forces. Others apparently are preparing
themselves for the postwar years when
private plane production will be stepped
up to unheard-of levels. Others are
taking advantage of war incomes to
become proficient in what is viewed as
one of the most satisfying of recreations
one which can be combined with busi-
ness when and if the occasion arises.
Washington women are holding their
own with men. At one area airport for
instance, half of the several hundred
students now taking instruction are Of
the fair sex. Many are Government
girls or members of the Womens Re-
serve Corps of the armed forces.
Plain Jane and John Doe are not the
only Washingtonians taking to the air.
Members of Congress have organized a
flying club and are taking instruction as
a group. And only a few weeks ago
Secretary of Commerce Wallace made
his first solo fight.
Learning to Fly
Learning to fly is described as not a
bit more difficult than learning to drive
an auto-providing one learns to drive
with the same proficiency one learns to
fly. But it is good deal more ex-
pensive.
Here is the Washington picture.
The Civil Aeronautics Administration
Evening star., 1945-05-27

Student Pilots Kenneth
Sachlis llett), a schoolboy,
and Bette Roemer, a secre-
tdry, trace out q training
flight oUer Montgomery Coun-
ty 10ith Instructor Revere
Darr.
pilot may fly and the type of flight
operation in which he may engage.
And in addition it may call for re-ex-
animation at shorter intervals than
usual.
Getting the License
The actual test for a private pilot
icense-Which gives one the right to
carry passengers on noncommercial
basis-is twofold First of all, one must
pass muster on his flying ability, demon
strating to CAA inspector his ability
to handle plane profciently through
the requirements of civilian flying.
Secondly he must pass a written ex-
animation on his knowledge of simple
Evening star., 1945-05-27

approaches down under and flowers and
thriving vegetation are a relief to the
eyes of men fresh from the battle
Scared tropics to the North.
No Country More Air Minded
From snow-capped mountains some Of
the worlds finest trout streams cascade
into wide valleys and Numerous airports
with ample runways and navigational
facilities hold out promise of ready
access by air to postwar sportsmen.
Perhaps no country is more air minded.
Flyers returning from the war to a
country with record per capita wealth
undoubtedly will boom civil aviation
here. New Zealanders travel even more
than most island people. Much passen-
ger traffic will originate here, a cir
cumStance not to be overlooked by
American airlines who may wish to
open reciprocal trade with this part of
the world The agricultural abundance
OF this island plus its breathless scenic
beauty and the hospitality of its people
hold out welcome to air travellers of
the future.
Evening star., 1945-05-27
New Zealand Plans for
Postwar Aviation Boom
BY W. H. Shipper, Jr.,
Star War Correspondent.

WELLINGTON, New Zealand, May 10
fBy Wireless) This green little land
of opportunity for the common man
still mourns with profound feeling the
death of a President on the other side
of the world
The farmers in the fields. the villagers,
even the sophistocates of the big cities
crowded around us wherever we visiting
American newsmen went to express
their sympathy and assure us that the
people of New Zealand shared Americas
sorrow. There could be no doubt that
the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt was
a severe blow to nation whose economy
and social structure is based on the
welfare of the average citizen.
The late President, according to high
New Zealand government officials. is
regarded here as one of the worlds
greatest liberals. Even while they cele-
brated the close of a struggle in Europe
which has bled them for four years, the
New Zealanders dedirated memorial
services to Mr.. Roosevelt and publicly
pledged themselves to help carry his
war aims through to the final destruc-
ton of Japan.
Until Japan Is Defeated
This war is not over for us, Prime
Minister Donald Nash told us, until
Japan lies humbled in the kind of ruin
she visited upon Manila.
This country, whose civilian pilot
training system was copied by the
United States, now has some $4,000 air
men overseas, airmen whose superior
background enabled them to win more
than their share of combat honors.
The total contribution from bullets to
butter, meat, wool and farm products,
is staggering for that of people num-
bering little more than 100000. Pas
lures crowded with sheep, cattle and at
least few of the worlds finest blooded
horses are lush green here as winter
Evening star., 1945-05-27
Memorial Day
Continued From Page Cal

ment that your zeal was so successful
In erecting"
The Lincoln statue in front of the
Courthouse had then been put in posi-
ton but short while, and Mayor Wall
ZACH gave the matter prompt attention.
and forthwith ordered Chief Engineer
Sessford to put the wreath in position,
which he did by ordering the hook and
ladder company's truck to the front of
the City Hall, and about noon one OF
the ladders was put in position and the
wreath was placed on the brow of the
statue.
The reference made to this statue OF
Lincoln prompts the writer to make a
correction to an error that may have
been made. namely, that this statue was
the first one erected to the memory of
the martyr President. Indeed, the
writer may have made this error him
self. and even II he did not, he did at
least believe the statement to be true.
But 1t Is not true, and to San Francisco
washington must surrender this honor
Of priority.
Evening star., 1945-05-27
DDT to Be Tested on MARYLAND Fields

Early next month a group of scien-
tlsts-entomologist and Zoologists-wiIl
begin an experiment at the Fish and
Wlldlife Service refuge at Patuxent, Md,
which may reveal for the first time
how mans most potent insecticide may
affect the delicate balance of nature.
At the height of the mating season,
when the young of both birds and man.
mails are in the nests, an airplane will
spray an oil solution of dichloro-
Observation-Disclosures, more COM
monty known as DOT, over a 117-acre
area and scientists will thus begin a
series of investigations designed to tell
once and for all how DDT can best
become an economic asset.
Two areas, in fact, will be used in the
experiment.. One, including forest and
bottom land, bisected by a river, will
get an application of DOT, sprayed at
the rate of five pounds to the acre. A
similar tract of the same size, left un-
sprayed, will be used as check plot.
Most Powerful Insecticide
Although DDT was first synthesized
by a German chemist as early as 1874,
its powers as an insecticide were not
known until early in this war when
experiments by Army and Agriculture
Department scientists brought to light
its potentialities as a delousing agent.
Since 1912 almost the entire production
OF DOT has been going to the armed
forces, allowing scientists the opportu-
nifty to study its commercial possibilities
before it is placed on the market.
As tests revealed the powers of this
synthetic as an insecticide, scientists
became more alarmed lest its Wholesale
commercial use prove to be an economic
liability, rather than an asset. Fortu-
nately, in this instance, the demands
OF the armed forces have kept DDT
out Of civilian hands until more can be
learned of its characteristics.
Scientists speak of the balance of
nature" meaning that organization in
Evening star., 1945-05-27

More than on any other Of the
American delegates to the San Fran
cisco Conference, popular interest ap-
pears to have centered on the son Of
Minnesota farmer who is COM
mander in the Navy. Many of the
dispatches speak of him as a possible
presidential nominee by the Republicans
in 1948. ...
There are some unusual circumstances
that attended the rise of Harold E.
Stassen to the position he now occupies.
He is an internationalist, yet he comes
from section of the country which
Fasteners say glibly is strongly isola-
zionist.
He has advocated the use Of our pro-
ductive capacity our capital and our
credit to contribute to the gradual
advancement of the standards of living
of other peoples.
No One Called Him Starry Eyed
There is little difference between this
and what Henry A. Wallace said on the
same subject. And yet, while some said
they believed Mr.. Stassen should go a
bit slow on that line, no one called him
starry idealist" nor made cracks
about matutinal bottles of milk on the
doorsteps of Hottentots
Politicians concede a man who wins
three elections for Governor of Minne-
sofa cannot be called starry eyed" and
that If he Is an idealist his idealism
likely would be tempered by a strong
vein of practically.
In Mr.. Stassen's background several
things stand out: His youth, his record
in Minnesota. his frank advocacy of
internationalism, and the fact he Is
sharing the most important experiences
of more than 100000 of his fellow
Americans. That last will be especially
significant if he becomes a candidate
in 1948.
Last month, on April 13, Mr.. stassen
reached the age of 49, He had been
elected Governor of Minnesota for the
first time when he was 81. After he had
put through his legislative program one
writer, in futile search for novelty
referred to him as the Boy Wonder of
Minnesota"
He Talks to the Point
That term created depressing effect
on one who looked up Mr. Stassen's
biography before going to see him. 1t
brought up visions of handsome juve-
nile in musical comedy with smooth
and powdered chin and soulful eyes
under upswept lashes
Mr.. Stassen in person presents no
such picture and the effect of the term,
Boy Wonder" Immediately evaporates.
He is feet inches tall and weighs
better than 200 pounds. He has dig
nifty, and you don't qualify it by refer
ring to it as youthful dignity. And
when he talks he talks to the point.
Mr.. Stassen's candidacy for Governor
OF Minnesota had been preceded by two
terms as county attorney of Dakota
County and by no earlier State
race which would have introduced him
to the voters. However. his Young Re-
publlcans-he had organized a Young
Republican League while still in college
had been taking the play away from
the Old Guard. And Minnesota was
ripe for change from Gov. Elmer A.
Benson, even though Gov. Benson
seemed well entrenched behind the
partisan bulwarks of the Farmer-Labor
party. Mr.. Stassen was elected, polling
So per cent of the votes.
His Campaign Promises
Then he proceeded to carry out his
campaign promises. He put through
civil service law, reorganized the GOV.
Evening star., 1945-05-27
The Russians
Continued From Page C-31

returned as the correspondent for Life
and Time magazines. In that capacity
ne saw a great deal of the country
more than most correspondents
cling some 10000 miles. He was a
Odessa Immediately after the Roma
mans left and in Leningrad shortly after
its liberation from the Germans. His
chapters on these two cities are among
the best in his book.
Speaking Russian sufficiently well for
ordinary conversation, he talked with a
vast number of persons ranging from
peasants to commissars and appar.
emily made copious notes, as he repro
duces these talks in minute detail He
has amassed a mountain of interesting
personal information about Stain and
the other Soviet leaders.
Look Beyond Labels
Only in the first and last chapters Of
his book does he attempt judgments,
and his final one will arouse no dissent.
He says:
There is no easy formula for getting
along with Russia. It's something that
mas to be worked on hard by both par
ties all the time, like a successful
marriage. We must look beyond labels;
We must re-examine old prejudices. The
Russians must do the same thing"
All the present crop Of books about
Russia-save the tones of the profess
sors, which usually are either dusty or
puerile-are what the literati would
call Journalistic" That Is inevitable.
They are written hurriedly, under the
lash Of time. 1t will be half a decade
at least before we can expect the same
mature, considered writing about the
Soviet Union that is to be found in
William Henry Chamberlin's Soviet
Russia" or Eugene Lyons Assignment
IN Utopia" which dealt with an earlier
era,