davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-25
By Sam Lucow
(ROUnI Canadian En0ineers

(Roydl Canadian Engineers).
This experience I shall never forget.
when we moved to this site and had
dug ourselves in we started looking the
territory over. Right near our site was
a large hole in the ground about four
feet square with an iron rung ladder
leading about 500 feet in the ground.
We went down and the place was packed
with people. On questioning we found
out that this was part of an underground
cave that stretched for miles in every
direction. There were thousands of
people there and families picked out
spots to live. Here bedroom, kitchen
and latrine were all together Water
kept dripping from the roof and the
tunnels were covered with oozy mud.
"You walk along these passageways
and in short time you have made SO
many turns and gone through 50 many
entrances that you loose all sense OF
direction. Do you remember the 'Hunch-
back of Notre Dame the underground
in Paris, that is exactly what this cavern
is like. We walk along by fiashlight
and there are people everywhere. We
talk to them and give them our rations,
our cigarettes, but it is impossible to
have enough to give them. We slush
our way back and 60 down another
alleyway.
Finally we came across one Of the
Free French who is acting as a guide
and asked him to show US where the
hospital was. After leading US through
50 many turns We came upon one Of the
most horrible sites that human beings
could re. Lying stretched out on this
muddy hoor on mattresses were hum
dreds q people. from year to 90 years.
Nins walking up and down giving
Evening star., 1945-02-25

on each axle, and for A new Diesels
Of the same type. The 13 were to be
delivered within As days Of receipt OF
the locomotives requisitioned by the
Army from American railroads, and the
new ones at the rate of four per week,
beginning As to so days after receipt Of
the order and materials
BY August, 1943, all the engines were
in service on the Trans -Iranian Railway.
CT Shop Battalion
Arriving with the engines was newly
organized shop battalion, 632 strong,
which had been trained to keep the fleet
Evening star., 1945-02-25

All this was accomplished despite an
early loss of six trains on the treacher-
Gus mountain grades, when European
box cars were being used pending arrival
of American built equipment. These
cars had no brakes, so that when faulty
couplings came undone on the steep
grades, there was nothing to keep them
from rolling backward over the cliffs.
In the last two years, the Americans
and Iranians together have made 1t
possible to unload ships and start them
back to America in seven days; formerly,
it took so to 60 days.
Evening star., 1945-02-25

of desert before crossing the backbone
of the Elburz Mountains. North of
Teheran an altitude of $500 feet is
reached-a terrifying height when COM
pared to Great Northern's maximum
elevation of about 5000 feet at the
Great Divide.
Temperatures vary from ITO degrees
Fahrenheit in the desert in the sum-
mer to 40 below zero in the mountains
in the winter. In the cabs of some of
the steam engines, temperatures as
high as 100 degrees have been meas
ured. Can engineer can hardly breathe
in a steam engine at that temperature,
Evening star., 1945-02-25
The Senate Is an Open
Book. to Les Biffle

three years Of fine schooling. He let
every one assume the kid had political
priority.
Worked His Way Up
Les was born pore" boy in Boyds-
vile, Ark, and came here from Piggott
as secretary to Representative Bruce
Macon in 1909. He worked his way up,
with time out to serve in the last war.
Evening star., 1945-02-25
BY Frank I. Weller,

Associated Press Stan Writer.
Sometimes Leslie l.. BifIie battles the
Senators.
Democrats had expected Republicans
to at least go through the formality OF
nominating q candidate for secretary
Of the Senate. But Majority Leader
Barkley had no sooner nominated Bifde
than Minority Leader White seconded
the nomination.
Republican Senators were on their
feet applauding Bifne before stunned
Democrats could collect their superla-
tives.
To top it of. Biffle had been secretary
to the Democratic Senate majority since
1888 He succeeds the late Col Edwin
A. Halsey.
Throughout all this nomination busi-
ness LES" as President Roosevelt calls
him. tugged on a cheroot and told re-
porters he would have preferred to be a
locomotive engineer back home in
Arkansas He told what whiz he is at
frying chicken and country smoked
sausage and making hot biscuits and
gravy.
Senator Fulbright Democrat, of
Arkansas. one of the baffled, says he
believes Biffle got the job because he
has made an exact science of all his
Jobs on Capitol Hill, helping members
on both sides of the political aisle with
out distinction.
Senators Tell Him All
He is an institution, a personality.
Senators tell him things they hope never
to talk about in their sleep. He knows
how most of them are going to vote,
but you couldn't dynamite 4 dimes
worth of dope out Of him. They say he
probably is the only man in Washington
who knows all about what the Senate
is doing or is going to do.
Les stands feet 8, weighs a scant
1877. Normally he is modest, mild, soft
spoken, kindly, the essence of gracious,
courtly manners. Yet he can be a
ringtailed tornado.
When he was sergeant at arms at the
1914 Democratic Convention in Chicago,
he squared away with the big, husky
cops to clear the main entrance of gate
crashers
I'm an assistant sergeant at arms"
roared bruiser headed for the speakers
platform. Bif1e took his measure and
said he belonged in the gallery.
THE hell dol" the tough guy said.
I'm a personal friend of Les Bitle,
short stuff"
Bifle bounced him clear back to the
sidewalk.
Quieted the Uproar
He climbed down into the middle Of
the 10-gallon-hat Texas delegation and
quieted the uproar between pro and
anti FDR stalwarts.
On the way back from the ceremony
in Missouri where Harry Truman was
notified of his vice presidential nomi-
nation, he threatened to throw flunkey
twice his size off the train when he
dallied in answering the service bell.
Then he gave him the biggest tip on
the trip.
Les is 54 but looks light A. He has
topknot of dark wavy hair and an
eager bald spot splattered on the back
of his head. You could hang q hat on
his ears.
He wears swell blues and browns
Everything is a symphony OF correct
dress until you pin that uneasy feeling
on his necktie.
Senators will tell you all day of the
fine things he has done. Once he got
an orphan boy a job as Senate page and
Evening star., 1945-02-25

in running order. It became the 762d
T. C. Railway Shop Battalion, Persian
Gulf Command.
Its of1icer personnel was recommended
by ALCO, and more than so per cent of
Evening star., 1945-02-25

and water freezes in the boiler at 40
below. Normal heat in the Persian
Desert is around 140 degrees. 1t is so
intense that during the summer
months not even Arabs can touch the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19
THINGS TO COME-Artomo

THINGS TO COME-Automo-
bile steering wheels covered
| with synthetic rubber. The un-
DERIVING metal of the wheel will
he dipped in a latex solution,
the way rubber is adhered to
wire dish drainers -. Dishes"
that can he eaten instead of
having to be washed. Made of
high grade pastry, they are a
deluxe development of the
chicken pattie idea ....... For
tomorrow'S merchants, show
rooms on wheels, loaded with
frozen foods, dry goods, house
hold furnishings, etc., which will
circulate in rural areas, permit
ting housewives to stay home
and do their shopping at the
same time.
SIGN POSTS-All signs, both
pre-war and wartime, point to
the can-opener continuing as
one of Americas essential pieces
of kitchen equipment.
In the Is years from 1925 to
1910 the per capita consumption
of canned vegetables increased
SIS per cent and the increase in
canned fruits was SO per cent.
During the 5 year period be-
tween 1885 and 1910 the con-
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19
Behind The Scenes
In
American Business
By John Cruddock

When a hundred Superfort-
resses bomb Tokyo, It's front
page news. We rejoice that
America has such intrepid air
men and an aircraft industry
able to develop long range
bombers far superior to those of
any other country, friend or
foe.
When the name Wall Street
Is mentioned, however, there's
usually someone who questions
its value in the nations econ
omy. Far from rejoicing, a good
many don't even know that the
investment banking business
and the facilities of a stock ex-
change enabled the company
which developed and now
makes the Superfortress to OBJ
tain the necessary capital for
building up its plant and its
engineering know-how in the
decade before the war when
aviation was just an infant,
starving industry.
In most cities and towns
there are dealers who serve as
retail outlets for new stocks
and bonds of companies wish
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

A good example of this is the
well-rounded program for re-
employment and rehabilitation
of veterans just announced by
the Aluminium Company of
America, which goes beyond the
requirements of the National
Act in providing for its $4,000
employees now serving in the
armed forces.
Explaining the program, COM
pany officials said that Alcoa
has granted military leaves of
absence and other benefits Of
a monetary character to those
of its employees who have left
to join the armed forces since
January l, 1910. When these
employees return from service
and apply for work, the COM
pany not only will give employ
ment, unless business conditions
make it impossible to do so, but
will also render assistance to
these veterans in helping them
to make the readjustment to
civilian life in the communities.
Designed to properly place
! the veteran in an unobtrusive
manner, the program includes
such phases as a job analysis
and classification of veterans
who, because of mental OF
physical disability are unable
to do their former jobs. In
cludec also in the plan is an
advisory board to give assist
ance in matters of government
loans, mustering-out pay, hos
pitalization, and other benefits
available to veterans.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

economist at Montana State COL
lege, points out that corn not
only makes one of the best feed
crops but as a substitute for
summer fallow in the eastern
part of the state it is one of
the best practices that can be
recommended.
In planting corn, two meth
DDS may be used, Mercer said.
One is surface planting by
checking or drilling, and the
other is by listing. Both meth
DDS have their place and both
have given very good results.
Check row corn can be kept
much cleaner because it can be
cultivated both ways, and drill
ed corn produces well where the
stand is not too thick. Listed
corn ordinarily gets off the
slower start than surface
planted corn, but there is little
difference in maturing date.
Spring plowed land S prefer
red for surface planted corn,
Mercer said. Many growers
duckfoot the land prior to
blowing to start weed growth
and lessen evaporation. The
land should be ploWed and
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19
ing to expand, to develop E

ing to expand, to develop a
new product, or to create new
markets. These securities are
wholesale, so to speak, by in
vestment banking firms located
in New York, Cleveland, Chi
cago, an Francisco, and other
large cities. Since the bankers
must buy the securities from
corporations in the first place,
they need vision to analyze
properly a corporations pros
poets for future growth and the
courage of their convictions.
BY maintaining an active
market for securities at all
times, the nations stock ex-
changes also serve a very USE
full function. Located in Detroit,
Boston, Cincinatti, Pittsburgh,
Baltimore, st. Louis, San Fran
cisco, Los Angeles, and Cleve-
land, they assure the ultimate,
individual investor who buys
securities from a retail dealer
the means of disposing of his
investment, readily and AIT a
fairly determined price, when
ever he needs the money for
another purpose.
VETERAN UNEMPLOYMENT.
Because is was realized that G..
I. Joe will find it somewhat
difficult to readjust himself to
civilian life, legislation concern
ing the unemployment of vet
rams was passed early in the
war. Today, industry is extend
ing these promises the home
front is making to those who
took up arms to defend their
country,
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

sumption of canned grapefruit
juice quadrupled, while sales OF
canned beer in the period 1887
l941 increased 1875 per cent.
Although American civilians
have perforce learned to get
along without many of the can
ned items which in peacetime
we're staples on their pantry
shelves, millions of their fell
low Americans in uniform have
become used to a variety of new
canned foods.
Viewing these increases in
the use of canned foods prior
to the war and contemplating
the essential role the can is
playing in keeping both Ameri-
can and Allied fighters fit, w.
c. Stolk, a vice president of
American Can company, pre-
diets a tremendous demand for
cans for processed goods when
the end of hostilities has lifted
restrictions on metal.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

planted as soon as possible at
ter duckfooting. It is best to
have a firm Scedbed with q
cloddy surface mulch.
-3
The Yellowstone County Dairy
Herd Improvement association
topped all associations in the
state for production during the
month of February with an av-
erage of 25.8 pounds of butter
fat per COW, according to j. O..
Tretsven, extension dairy spec
ialist at Montana State college.
In second place for the month
was the Madison and jefferson
counties association with an av-
erage of 23.5 pounds of butter
fat per COW, and ranking third
was the Fergus county aSsocia-
ton with an average of 21.8
pounds butterfat per COW.
Tretsven's report also reveals
that members of dairy herd i'm
provement associations in the
state culled "a total of 81 low
producing cows from their
herds.
ADDING MACHINE paper for
sale at the Tribune-Herald.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19
VICTORY ON THE
FARM FRONT

With corn planting season be-
ing May l to IS in Montana,
Ralph D. Mercer, extension ag-
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

HERE IS the largest experimental bomber in the wond-the Armys
XB-19A.Iwhich has Just been fitted with new, more powerful! engines
by the Fisher Body Division of General Motors. The planes power,
range and load carrying capacity have been stepped up considerably by
the installation of liquid cooled Allison engines. Installation of the
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1945-04-19

ADDING MACHINE paper for
sale at the Tribune-Herald.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
SAVE YOUR MACHINES.

Most farm machinery has
seen better days. But unless
farmers can keep their old ma
chimes running, it either means
that factories will be diverted
from farm work to make new
farm machines, or food pro-
duction will suffer.
When we realize that the
length of the war will depend,
to a large extent, on the
amount of war machinery in,
dustry can produce, farm ma.
chimes, household equipment
or automobiles.
The only answer is to keer
the old machinery working. TC
do this, J. A. King, chairman
of the War Production Board
urges us to observe these six
rules:
1. Keep your machines anC
motors working.
2. Protect from weather
and rust.
3. Repair and care for home
appliances.
4. Lubricate ball and roller
bearings.
5. Share the ride and share
the equipment.
6. Sell equipment not beinl
used.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
Promoted.

Camp Gordon, Ga.-Sgt. Robert A
Rhyme, of the Sixth Regiment, 23rd
b., Company C Infantry Displace-
ment Training Center), Camp Cor
don, Ga, has recently been promoted
to that grade from corporal.
Sgt. Rhyme has served 13 months
in Alaska and six months in the
Aleutions. He is happy to be back in
the States and at present is an in
structor at Camp Gordon, Ga, pre-
pairing recruits for combat.
Before entering the service Sgt.
Rhyme was employed by the Ideal
Chair Co., in Lincolnton.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
MORE GASOLINE
LIKELY TOFLOW
AFTER We DAY

Washington, April 6.-Basic "A"
card gasoline rations will be increas-
ed so per cent after We Day if the
more optimistic" predictions OF
Government officials materialize, the
OPA said today.
Assuming the supply is increased
by 100000 barrels daily, "A" motor
lists can expect enough gasoline for
about six miles of driving day, in
stead of four miles as at present,
the agency said.
1t added that part of any addition
al supplies will 60 to "B" drivers.
"These are the groups that need
first consideration when additional
gasoline supplies are available" Price
Administrator Chester Bowles said in
statement.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
SURPLUS PLANES.

The fact that the govern
ment nov has almost a billion
dollars worth of airplanes
which have been declared
surplus" and which are to be
sold to civilians, might appear
to indicate great waste in war
production. But actually this
large surplus of planes indi-
Gates the insistence of govern
ment and industry on supply
ing our aviators with the finest
types of planes available.
Throughout the war there
have been constant improve
ments in airplane manufac-
facture. When inventions were
worked out which might result
in saving lives or infiicting
greater punishment on our
enemies, new planes have
been substituted, as rapidly as
possible, for the models which
lacked these improvements.
Our tremendous airpower at
the present time can be partly
credited to the willingness of
our war production leaders to
admit when they had some
thing better and to revise pro-
duction, as speedily as posi-
BILE, to produce the planes of
the very latest design.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
HITLER'S HIDDEN
GOLD, TREASURES
SEIZED BY YANKS

With the U. S. Third Army, April
THE golden treasure of Adolf Hit
ler's collapsing Reich-bars of bullion,
heaps of currency and stacks of fabu-
lous art works-was captured by
Gen. George S. Patton's infantrymen.
The stupendous cache, valued in the
billions of dollars, was found in a hid
den salt mine at Moeckers, 14O miles
southwest of Berlin. Nabbed in the
mine by the soldiers were three Nazi
officials who said it took five weeks
to move the treasure from Berlin and
that the bullion represented "all the
gold in Germany"
The mine is located in an area Bit
terly contested by the Germans. Dur
ing the day Patton's men beat off a
violent Nazi counterattack a few
miles in the northwest, knocking out
40 German tanks.
The booty in the mine comprised
100 tons of gold bullion (about $780,
000,000); three billion German marks,
two million dollars in American cur
rency one hundred million French
francs, 10000 British pounds, four
million Norwegian crowns and lesser
amounts in Turkish pounds, Spanish
pesetas and Portuguese escudos.
The art treasure, assembled from
Germany's National Art galleries last
February, included originals by Ra-
phael, Van Dyke and Durer. There
also were 12O cases of Goethe's origi-
nal manuscripts.
The Ninetieth Infantry Division
troops which made the seizure cap
tured three Reichsbank officials, in
cluding DR.. Fritz Week, one of the
banks advisers; and DIR. P. o. Rabe,
curator of the German state museum
and assistant director of the national
art galleries in Berlin.
The Germans started moving their
gold reserve and currency from Ber-
lin February IL, DIR. Week said.
A few days ago as Patton's troops
pressed ever nearer the hiding place,
the Germans started franctically to
move the treasure from the salt mine,
the bank official said. But their eff
forts were thwarted by blown-up
bridges and they had to return it a
few days ago to the 2,100-foot deep
mine.
"A German lawyer captured with
Week, and who said he was one Of
the Reichbank's counsels, said the
German army tried at first to get ev-
erything out, but the Americans were
coming so fast they just concentra-
ted on the money. In the end they had
to leave everything.
Patton ringed the golden salt mine
reported to be one of the worlds
largest-with circle of tanks.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
U. S. TANKS
Continued from page one)

NSOIltlllucu 1TOm pESc OHeD
day, and pilots said the Germans were
hurrying up reinforcements from
Weimar. The Third Amy took 10000
more prisoners yesterday.
Farther south, the Tenth armored
division of the U. S. Seventh Army
after startling 35-mile break
through, captured Crailsheim, 95
miles northwest of Munich, where
Hitler launched his Nazi movement.
Tanks and infantry of the Seventh
Army were four miles from the ball
bearing manufacturing city of Sch
weinfurt.
On the south end of the front, the
French First Army seized the trans
mitter of the Stuttgart radio only 1S
miles from the capital of Wuerttem-
berg province. With a popclation Of
100000 Stuttgart is one of the most
important manufacturing cities of the
Reich.
The French also captured the Black
Forest city of Pforzheim.
Allied warplanes were once more
out in force after knocking out 221
German planes who gave battle in
strength yesterday for the first time
in weeks.
Allied armies counted 1851 Ger
mans into their prison pens in the
first six days of April-more than
three times the 63,079 captured by
the Americans throughout the first
World War-and in the same period
probably killed or wounded $4,000
more.
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
HOW LONG?
(GaStonia Gazette. }

In adjoining columns on the front
page of one of the morning newspa-
pers today were two stories that COM
manded instant attention.
One told of German prisoners in
this country feasting on ham for their
Easter Sunday evening meal.
The other told of American pris-
oners of war in Germany freed by
advancing U. S. troops, who had been
living for days on what they called
grass SOUP" made of Gehydrated
carrots, cabbage, sticks and stones.
Many of these American soldiers
were too weak from hunger and ex-
citement to leave their hunks when
the evacuation began.
Many of the German prisoners in
the area around Boston as reported
by the Boston Traveller had been
served beef twice in one day. The re
mainder of the Easter Sunday even
ing meal consisted of oranges, let
tuce potatoes, bread and cleo, fruit
salad and coffee"
Contrast that with the meals said
to have been served American prison.
ers in Germany-a slice or two OF
black bread, soup as above described,
ormade of potato peeling and roots,
nc meat, and coffee made of dried
roots and acorns.
The Boston paper went on to say
that ham had been virtually unavail-
able to civilians of that area for
some time.
Incidents like the above are what
make Americans see red when Off
cial Washington begins to put out
some of its oily, ozzy propaganda. 1t
is enoungh to cause all good Ameri-
cans to quit the war effort In disgust
and despair.
Why is it that German war prison
ers are pampered and petted as they
are while our boys suffer the hard
ships and indignities described on
many occasions from dispatches from
Germany? Why does the U. S. Gov
ernment lean over backward to treat
these Nazis, all of whom are ready
to flock to the standards of Hitler as
soon as they get back to Germany,
with such infinite tenderness and
kindness when our boys are subjected
to all sorts of inhumane treatment?
The article qhoted above goes on
to say that the American prisoners
were hungry, hollow checked, little
more than skin and bones. How long
will the American people stand for
this sort Of thing?
The Lincoln times., 1945-04-09
DID YOU KNOW?

Did you know that while the Axis
engines of war were killing 121, 1868
Americans on the fighting front from
December 7, 1941, to December 7,
1914, cancer was killing 495,000 of
their mothers, fathers, sisters and
friends, and even their children.
Yes, here at home during the first
three years of World War II, 495, 900
Americans were killed by cancer. And
right now 100000 more Americans
are suffering from that dread and
cruel disease.
One out of every eight of you who
read this will die of cancer unless
you do something about it. For can
Ger kills 10000 Americans every