davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-05-01
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The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-05-01
Washington Merry Go-Round

(Continued from Page One)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-05-01

Weather report: High, 48; low, 42; rain
Evening star., 1945-02-17
Change of View
From the Calgary Herald


Apparently the leaders of the Repub-
hcan party across the border have de-
c1ded that iSolationism is not a winning
policy. There are still many isolationist
americans but they are in a minority.
The Republican standard bearers in the
last two presidential contests, Wendell
Willk1e and Gov. Dewey, favored inter-
national cooperation after the war, but
their party was divided on the question.
Indicative of the new trend of thinking
among leading Republicans was the re-
cent statement by Senator Vandenbure.
VINO at one time, and certainly before
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
was regarded as a leading isolationist.
He advocates an immediate Allied treaty
under which President Roosevelt would
be authorized, without further reference
to Congress, to employ the American
Army and Navy in conjunction with the
other Allied powers to keep Germany
and Japan demilitarized. This consti-
tutes complete break with those Amer
leans who oppose international policing
in the postwar era. It even suggests
taking away from the body of which
he Is member the mischievous power
OF vetoing presidential moves to main
tain peace or cooperate with other ma
tions in postwar affairs If the Re-
publicans in Congress stand behind
President Roosevelt in any peace moves
he may make or to safeguard peace, his
hands will be immensely strengthened.
Evening star., 1945-02-17

United States will cease to be able
to read Shakespeare or the King
James version of the Bible So far
as anybody can see into the future,
they will remain at least as COM
petent to understand Hamlet" or
Macbeth" or king Lear" or the
synoptic Gospels as issued in 1911
as may be the residents OF London
or Manchester or Liverpool or any
pleasant little village of Devon or
Yorkshire. In that sense Mr.. Evans
stands on solid ground. The ques-
ton which his essay raises Is the
question of: What kind of Language
basically English? American
men and boys just now are having
experiences which are bound to have
an effect upon their speech. Would
any ordinary critic in England not
exposed to exactly the same influ-
ences understand at first glance such
terms as: Pogey bait or star-struck7
Evening star., 1945-02-17
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

Lincoln
new international agency will be put in
treaty form.
Any legislation, including appropri-
rations, which may have to supplement
such a treaty, will be handled by both
houses of Congress. The selection of
Senator Vandenberg as the Republican
senatorial member of the delegation is
happy one. The Michigan Senator
is leader on foreign policy among the
Republicans of the Senate, as he has
been in the Republican party as whole.
1t is noteworthy that all eight MEM
bers of the delegation are strongly for
international cooperation for the
maintenance of peace.
The groundwork for the coming con-
ference already has been done at the
Dumbarton Oaks conference, supple
mented at the Big Three conference
at Yalta. The San Francisco confer
ence, however, will be attended by
representatives of all the United Ma
tions. 1t will be the so-called overall
conference" to which the final drafting
of the planned international organiZa-
ton will be committed That it is to
be held early is great advantage. The
structure should be authorized and set
up, If possible, in advance of the many
peace agreements which are to be made
at the conclusion of hostilities. After
the work of the conference has been
concluded, there will still remain the
ratification of the pact by the individual
MISUNDERSTANDING the United States.
+E*
The naming of Comdr. Stassen to the
delegation has been interpreted in some
quarters as a rebuff to Gov. Dewey of
New York-but this seems scarcely
justified Mr. Dewey is one of 48 State
Governors, with a job of his own on his
hands. Further, Comdr. Stassen, before
he entered the Navy, was foremost
advocate of international collaboration
The fact, however, that he helped to
nominate the late Wendell L. Willkie
for President in 1910 and himself was an
opponent of Mr.. Dewey for the nomi-
nation in 1914, has given zest to the
gossip. Further, the point that his
friend, Senator Ball left the Dewey
camp and campaigned for the re-elec-
ton of Mr.. Roosevelt has not been
overlooked
Evening star., 1945-02-17

ny oOht
The Presidents selection of American
delegates to the coming San Francisco
United Nations conference is important
on several counts First, four of the
eight members of the delegation are
members Of Congress. Second, at least
three of the delegates are drawn from
Republican ranks. Third, for the first
time a woman, Dean Virginia Glider
sleeve of Barnard College, has been
invited to be a member of such a con-
clave. Fourth, the invitation to Comdr.
Harold E. Stassen, U. S. N. r., former
Governor of Minnesota and last year at
least willing candidate for the Re-
publican presidential nomination, has
set wagging the tongues of the politicos.
The delegation, headed by Secretary
Of State Stettinius, with former Sec
retary of State Cordell Hull as senior
advisor" is made up of men well quail
fed for the job. Dean Glldersleeve, too
has given a great deal of study to inter-
national affairs. The congressional MEM
bers are Senator Connally of Texas,
chairman Of the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee: Senator Vandenberg
of Michigan, a Republican member of
that committee; Representative Bloom,
chairman of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, and Representative Eaton
of New Jersey, Republican member of
the committee
Since, in the final analysis, Congress,
and particularly the Senate, will have
much to do with the United Nations
Security Councillor whatever the inter-
national organiZat ton for the mainte-
nance of peace may be called-it is the
part of wisdom to have qualified mem
bers of the two houses help draft the
final plan for that organization
President Woodrow Wilson's League
of Nations-turned down by the Senate
after the last war-suffered materially
because Mr.. Wilson ignored Congress
entirely in makeup of the American
delegation which helped to frame that
instrument Mr.. Roosevelt is not going
to make that mistake. Under the Con-
stitution the Senate is the ratifying body
which deals with all treaties, and 1t is
expected that proposed adherence to the
Evening star., 1945-02-17
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

applies particularly to those who came
from Eastern Poland, which was given
to the USSR. Many Of them still have
families In Poland and have had no
news from them for several years.
The men fear that If they are still
alive and have not been deported, the
families may suffer retaliations on the
part Of the new authorities II the SOL
diers decided to remain abroad. Never
theless, the reports from the various
Polish units serving at the front indi-
cate that large percentage OF the men
would like to start life anew in some
other country, preferably the United
States, where they know many of their
former countrymen are living in free
dom and prosperity.
The decisions of these Poles will de-
pend largely on their officers. The
Polish Army has been drastically de-
mocratized and the relationship be-
tween officers and privates is not much
different from that between the Ameri-
can commissioned men and the enlisted
personnel
Besides these forces which are fight
ing actively on the western and Italian
fronts, there also is a sizable number of
Polish soldiers in German prisoners
camps. Among them are the members
of Gen. Bor's underground organizations
who were captured last summer after
the Warsaw tragedy. Gen. Bor and his
officers have been declared traitors by
both the Lublin government and the
Red Army and they are not likely to
receive considerate treatment at the
hands of the present rulers OF Poland.
In some Polish quarters 1t Is doubted
that even If former Premier Mikola-
jczyk were to become head of the new
government decreed at the Yalta meet
ings, the fate of the fighting Poles
could be much improved.
Under these circumstances, they are
looking for a new home where they
could become useful citizens and at the
same time be sheltered against persecu-
ton. These men, who fought the Ger
man aggression and have kept on fight
ing for the last six years wherever they
were sent by the Allied high command,
feel they have a right to live as free men
since they have fought for the free
mans cause
Evening star., 1945-02-17
Air Lash on the Nuzis

Largely in direct support of the
advancing Red Army, and thunder
ously underscoring the Big Three's
Yalta promise to hit the enemy
harder than ever from this point on,
great fleets of American and British
planes are now engaged in an often
sive that promises to be the most
awesome thing of its kind since the
start of the war. Within the past
two days, on an around-the-c clock
schedule, more than 10000 bombers
and fighters have struck with such
fury that Germany, already desper-
ately hard pressed on the ground,
must feel as if the world were coming
to an end.
The targets - Madgeburg. Chem
nitz, Dortmund, Cottbus, Dresden
and Vienna, to name some of them
at random - are self explanatory.
These are oil and communications
centers. The Nazis need oil to keep
their machines go and so we are
striking ct their OIL They need rail-
way yards and trains to transport
troops and supplies and so we are
shooting up the trains and wrecking
the railway yards. Not a single i'm
portant corner of the Reich is being
spared. North, east. south and west
as long as the weather is reason
ably clear - the lash of our Allied
air power descends with increasing
force, helping both the Russians and
our own armies, and thus bringing
nearer the day when the ground wise
will be closed completely upon a
crushed Germany. Meanwhile as
these attacks continue and grow,
foreign railroad workers inside the
Reich are hearing appeals from Gen
eral Eisenhower Headquarters to
quit their Jobs or employ showdown
tactics or take whatever other steps
they can to disrupt transportation.
All things considered, with hordes
of German refugees pouring in from
the combat areas, with food diStribu-
ton becoming an acute problem,
with oil supplies scarce and getting
scarcer, and with the movement of
troops and supplies growing more
and more difficult, the Nazi high
command is up against crisis of the
greatest magnitude-a crisis that is
Evening star., 1945-02-17
SATURDAY, February II, 1945
The House Acts Wisely

BY passing the George bill, how
ever narrow the margin, the House
has avoided a position which would
have been both politically unwise
and inconsistent with good govern
ment.
. The members of the House were
not opposed to the George bill as
such. This is shown by the fact
that only two votes were cast
against it on the final ballot. On
the earlier motion to recommit,
however, which would have killed
the bill, the vote was 204 against
and 1876 in favor of recommital.
From this it is clear that the op-
position was not hostile to the bill
the only matter properly before
the House-but was trying to ma
neuver the Senate into position
where that body would refuse to
confirm Henry Wallace as Secretary
of Commerce In other words, the
House minority was trying indi-
rectly to exercise a veto power over
a presidential nomination, although
under the Constitution that is the
exclusive function of the Senate.
AS matters stand, the prospect is
that Mr.. Wallace will be confirmed
when the vote is taken on March l.
The President has stated that he
will sign the George bill, which
strips from the Commerce Depart
ment the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation and its subsidiaries,
and, on this condition, the Senate
is expected somewhat reluctantly
to acquiesce in the Wallace nomina-
ton to the trimmed down cabinet
post
If the House had killed the George
bill however, the Senate would have
been forced into voting on the nomi-
nation without any assurance that
the Federal loan agencies would be
kept from the control of Mr.. Wallace,
and in that situation the chances
are that the nomination would have
been rejected. This would have
meant, in practical effect, that the
House had vetoed nomination by
the President which the Senate was
willing to accept-a result which
could not be justified on any ground
and which could have been ex-
planned only on the basis of very
narrow politics.
1t is much better that the matter
has been worked out so that Mr..
Wallace can take over the Com
merce Department. There may be
some surprise that he should want
the post, in view of the lack of
confidence in him which is reflected
In the votes of both branches of
Congress, but if he does want it, and
If the President wants him, the
House has no right to stand in
the way.
Evening star., 1945-02-17
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
1t was indeed surprise to me to see
published in The Star of February IA
letter of the type written by I. M.
Studded as it was with statements pref
aced by II have been told" TT is
charged" ETC., and parroting obvious un-
truths such as that the Russians will
accept only butter since they dislike
margarine and England wants only
ripened cheddar because they dislike
the unripened, I. M. merely is acting as
a useful tool of clever German propa-
ganda designed to split the Allies. Ru-
mor-mongering of this type is danger
GUS.
I. M. seems to hold the war against
relentless enemy of less importance
than his personal welfare. Our Allies
are in this struggle as much as we, and
in the total toll of lives both the British
Empire and Russia have suffered more
than we. Yet I. NJ, secure in selfishness,
deems lives Of less value than petro-
made homeless or decimated by buzz
bombs; when Russians in reconquered
areas are broken and destitute, yet I. NJ,
much more fortunate, begrudges the
shortages of meat and clothing because
of lease-lend to our Allies.
The dismal outlook at home" per-
haps may be frightened if I. NJ con-
siders that some Russian soldiers wear
ing United States manufactured army
boots in tank powered by United States
petroleum may kill the Nazis who might
have killed his son.
Personal grudges have no place in
this war. N. M.
Evening star., 1945-02-17

A petition to permit the settlement
OF members Of the Polish army in exile
In this country may be presented to
Congress in the next few months.
Between 10000 and 10000 Polish
soldiers are fighting on the Italian and
western fronts and In the Middle East
This number includes Polish aviators
who have been fighting from Great
Britain since early In 1910 and also the
men OF number of Polish warships
under orders of the British.
The Polish ground forces have dis
tinguished themselves particularly in
Italy where, under the command of Gen.
Anders, they bore the brunt OF the
Monte Casino battles. The heroism
OF the Polish aviators has been espe-
cially mentioned from the floor of the
House of Commons by Prime Minister
Churchill himself,
The decisions regarding Poland
reached at Yalta make most of these
men homeless. The rank and file of
the divisions operating under It. Gen.
Mark Clark and Field Marshal Sir Ber-
nard l.. Montgomery are men who
escaped the disaster in 1899, former
prisoners of war and some Polish citi-
EClLo WliO WClC AL TIdllCc Ill l34U ana
either escaped to England or remained
in France but joined the ranks of the
army after the Allied armies liberated
France. The former prisoners were
men who were captured by the Russians
in 1899 and released in 1912 when diplo-
matte relations between Russia and the
Polish government in London were re-
established.
Gen. Anders and many of the other
Polish officers already have been de-
nounced by the Lublin committee as
Fascist-Nazi sympathizers and traitors.
They are all said to feel that if they
return to Poland after the war they
would be either deported to Siberia or
treated as traitors and executed.
. According to available information
obtained from sources other than
Polish, the privates and noncommis-
stoned officers also are gravely con-
cerned over their future The bulk of
them already have been in Russian
captivity once-and did not like it.
They are at loss to understand what
will happen to them in the future. This
Evening star., 1945-02-17
What Lunquooe?

Writing in the January number of
Britain Today, B. flor Evans argues
that: "The English language will
inevitably become the most widely
used means of international COM
munication in the world Such a.
development, he believes, "is a nat
ural consequence of events" One of
the factors responsible for it is the
employment in the United States
and Canada of "a language which,
despite all the differences of idiom
and vocabulary, remains basically
English"
But it would be an error to suppose
that Mr.. Evans views are not chal-
lenged. They have been during sew
eral centuries. For example, as far
back as 1789, Noah Webster said:
Numerous causes, such as a new
country, new associations of people,
new combinations of ideas in arts
ana sciences, and some intercourse
With tribes wholly unknown in Eu-
rope, will introduce new words into
the American tongue. These causes
will produce, in course of time. a
language in North America as differ
ent from the future language of Eng
land as the modern Dutch, Danish
and Swedish are from the German
and from one another.
A British reviewer of John Mar
shalls Life of washington" in 1903
concluded, presumably from reading
that distinguished book: "The COM
mon speech of the United States has
departed very considerably from the
standard adopted in England" And
Frances Trollope, in her Domestic
Manners of the Americans" printed
in 1882, observed quite frankly: "I
very seldom, during my whole stay
in the country. heard sentence
elegantly turned and correctly
pronounced from the lips of an
American"
The style and the manner OF
speaking or writing, however, are
not so much the problem as are the
ideas communicated. Thomas Jeffer-
son, in 1918, stressed "the new cir
cumstances under which we are
placed" as demanding new words,
new phrases" and "the transfer of
old words to new objects" And Walt
Whitman, about 1856, gave it as his
conviction that:
The Americans are going to be the
most fluent and melodious- voiced
people in the world-and the most
perfect users of words The new
world the new times, the new people,
the new vistas need a new tongue
according-yes, what is more, they
will have such new tongue-will not
be satisfied until 1t is evolved.
Certainly. 1t does not follow that
the generality Of the people Of the
Evening star., 1945-02-17
The Attack on Tokyo
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

The carrier-plane attack on the air
and naval bases and other military
targets in the Tokyo area is almost cer-
tainly the opening move in series of
major operations.
This operation has long been plan
ned" says the official communique-and
we may take it virtually for granted that
the planning did not stop with the air
attacks The very fact that Admiral
Raymond A. Spruance is announced as
the tactical commander is evidence of
long and thorough planning, for Ad-
miral Spruance has not exercised active
command in the Pacific Ocean areas
since the first battle of the Philippine
Sea last June.
This means that in the interim he and
his staff have been chiefly engaged in
planning the operations Of which the
carrier strike at the Tokyo area is move
No. l.
The carrier operation in itself is an
interesting and highly significant COM
ment on the reactive powers of the jap
anese fleet and air force as estimated
by our Pacific command. 1t should be
considered in the light of the fact that
sufficient forces have been assigned to
the 7th Fleet to cover the Luzon oper-
ations and to carry out an attack on
the fortress of Corregidor, and that
while the Tokyo part of the operation is
in progress another task force is attack
ing the japanese base in the Volcano
Islands.
naval spokesman in Washington
says that the whereabouts of the jap
anese fleet Is known and that show
down fight would be welcomed. Despite
the fact that all the Japanese ships
damaged in the battle Of the Philippines
in October have been repaired the
spokesman asserts that the American
task force engaged in the Tokyo attacks
is. alone, superior to the whole remain
ing imperial Japanese fleet
AS to the Japanese air force. it has
been frequently limited in official quar-
ters that the Japanese have been build
ing up considerable air force for the
defense of their home territory This Is
sometimes given as the reason for jap
anese air weakness in outlying areas,
such as the Philippines
y X x
Certainly the japanese will resist the
attacks on Tokyo to the best of their
ability. But the air of complete con-
fidence which raoiates both from Wash
ington and from Pearl Harbor suggests
that no one there has any doubt as
to the ability of our carrier-based force
to deal with any aerial opposition which
the Japanese may be able to offer.
We shall not know what this opposi-
ton amounted to until Admiral Spru-
ance and the task force commander,
Vice Admiral Mitscher, have had an
Evening star., 1945-02-17
Island Ladders to Jopun

radio TOKYO supplements its ac-
count of our mass air bombings there
with a statement of heavy naval
bombardment of Two Island some 600
miles south of Japan's harried capi-
tai. And the official announcer spec
ulates that this bombardment may
well be the prelude to an American
landing on that important japanese
air base. This surprisingly frank
enemy forecast comedies so closely
with the logic of the situation that
it may soon turn out to be correct.
Two Island, small but rugged and in
accessible on its sea fronts, could be
a hard nut to crack, yet it's possess
sion would bring our medium land
based bombers within easy range of
the japanese homeland. Further
more, Two is merely one of an island
chain which runs from the shores of
Honshu, the Japanese mainland"
to Guam, the southernmost of the
Marianas. To vary the simile, Guam
and Saipan. already in our hands,
are merely the bottom rungs of
ladder which reaches literally to
Tokyo
A glance at Typographical map
of the Pacific Ocean reveals a mar
row ridge of submerged land running
due southwark from Honshu for
fully 1,500 miles. The small islands
which break the surface of the ocean
are the highest peaks of a great
volcanic mountain chain rising
sharply from abyssmal depths on
either hand. These peaks are most
numerous in the Marianas, at the
southern extremity of the range.
Then, after fairly wide break, rise
the Volcano and Bonin groups, one
of which is Two, the other strategi-
cally important island being Chichi,
somewhat larger and with good
harbor. But the chain does not end
there. 1t starts again with the Izu
Islands, the ultimate link, named
1zu-no-Oshima, lying within sight of
the bold headland which guards the
entrance to Tokyo Bay. Izu-no-
Oshlma is relatively large island,
10 miles long by 51a broad. Given
sufficient naval and air superiority.
there is no inherent reason why we
could not presently establish our
selves there, scarcely further from
Tokyo than Staten Island is from
New York City. The strangling grip
which possession of this and anterior
links in this island chain would give
us on Japan itself is self-evident.
Furthermore, it should be remem-
bered that the japanese homeland is
accessible by two other island lad
derS. One of these climbs from
Formosa to Japans southern ex-
tremlty of Kyushu. the other runs
from the tip of Russia Kamchatka
southwark to Japan's northern ex-
tremlty of Hokkaido. Both those
island chains, known respectively as
the Ryukius and the Kuriles, are
already under our air attack. The
overall strategic picture is thus a
threefold accessibility of the Japa-
nese homeland by insular approaches
from east, north and south, together
with a continental approach from
the west through Korea, sundered
from Japan only by the island
studded Shimonoseki Straits. That
is a strategic pattern which must
look increasingly ominous to the
japanese war lords these hectic
days.