davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington Journal., 1945-02-09
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Washington Journal., 1945-02-09
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Washington Journal., 1945-02-09

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Washington Journal., 1945-02-09
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Washington Journal., 1945-02-09
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The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26

lacking American feet, sinking a
number of small vessels at high
cost.
The going on Luzon was equally
tough as General MacArthur's
troops fought to clear heavily de-
Tended Balete Pass, guarding en-
trance to the extensive Cagayan
valley, where the main body of Jap
remnants on the island stood for the
last ditch fight.
But rs feet wide, Balete Pass, with
1.500 foot mountains on either side,
vas stormed by crack G.I.s, who
first had to clear the enemy from
cave positions on the scraggly
slopes. AS one force pushed upward
neal the pass clearing out the bur-
rowed enemy, another circled off
along the Villa Verde trail to out
flank the stubbornly held positions
and effect a junction at the main
road.
Striking back at the japanese
after their attack on the Chihkiang
air base, Chinese troops, aided by
U. S. aircraft, drove the enemy back
upon his Paoching stronghold in
Human province. At the same time,
other Chinese forces assaulted the
big Jap-held seaport of Foochow, far
behind the main lines the enemy
has set up to seal off the southeast
ern Chinese coast where U. S. troop
landings have been feared.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
CROP PROSPECTS:
Look Good

Though cold and rainy weather
retarded truck, fruit and grain
crops in some areas, heavy down.
falls built up reserves Of moisture
generally throughout the country,
causing U. S. department Of agricul-
ture experts to look for farm pro-
duction for 1945 favorably compar-
able to the preceding three years
Because planting of winter wheat
got off to a good start and subse-
quent precipitation spurred growth.
USDA anticipates a record crop Of
1896, 1876, 900 bushels, which, with nor
NAL spring wheat production, would
give the country another billion
bushel crop. AS of May l, condi-
ton Of oats was 79 per cent Of nor
NAL; tame hay, SO per cent, and
pastures, 81 per cent. Harvest Of
rye is expected to be about 3,000,-
600 bushels above last years 25,-
600, 900 bushels, though only So per
cent of the seeded area will be
cut for grain.
Though the cold weather and re-
peated frosts set back early vege-
tables, fruits and gardens in many
areas, USDA looked for record pro-
duction of spring truck crops. The
output would be a fifth larger than
average.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
SAN FRANCISCO:
Regional Defense

Seeking to harmonic regional de-
tense systems with a world security
organization. the Big Five powers of
the United Nations hit upon a COM
promise at San Francisco coor-
dlnatlng both for the preservation OF
postwar stability.
Though regional systems were au-
thorized to move for peaceful settle
ment Of a dispute within their re-
spective areas and join in collective
defense in case Of aggression
against any Of their members, the
world security organizations power
to employ economic or military
means to check a prospective
aggressor was retained.
AS a result of the compromise, the
desire of Latin American nations to
maintain a voice in security prob
lens within this hemisphere was
partially satisfied. while the fears
OF internationalists that regional de-
tense systems might take away all
functions of a world organization
were stilled.
In other action at San Francisco,
the Big Five 49, U. S., Britain, Rus
STA, China and France maintained
the control of the II member Sc
curity council over the world or
~ganization by denying the consulta-
tive assembly Of smaller nations a
greater degree of power.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
EUROPE:
Vars aftermath

With the war with Germany over,
all the problems associated with the
reconstruction Of a liberated Europe
began to crowd upon Allied authori-
ties, with the more sensational like
the trial of Nazi bigwigs shadow
ing the highly important like the re-
patriation of dislocated persons.
AS ex-Gestapo Chief Himmler.
Rudolph Hess and Hermann Goer-
ing were placed high on the list of
Nazi war criminals subject to trial.
U. S. congressman, returning from
an inspection of Nazi concentration
camps, denounced the Hitler regime
for the existence of such centers
Of starvation, crematories and tor
ture devices.
On the less racy side Of the pic
ture, Allied authorities in Germany
Wrestled with the problem of repa-
triating II. 000, 900 foreign workers
when their removal would affect
harvesting and food processing. At
the same time, Allied officials an
nounced that German industry,
trade and services first would be
utilized to support occupying forces
before being diverted to the popu-
lace.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
CIVILIAN GOODS:
res-ControI-Prices

Increased allotments of tires for
"B" and &c" card motorists; con-
tinued tight supervision over civil
ian goods production, and establish
ment of reconversion prices head
lined home front news as the nation
left one war behind it and concen-
trated on the Pacific theater.
With the tire production schedule
for April-May-June increased from
5000, 900 to $500, 900, the "B" and
&c" card holders will receive $780,
600 more cords this month thAn orig
inally planned, and probably an
equal additional number in June.
Previous allotments of 1000, 900 tires
monthly provided for only necessary
requirements, and the extra $780,
900 being distributed will only help
to more fully meet these essential
needs.
Though the increased production
for civilians was attributed to a
slackening of military demands as
a result of the victory in Europe,
the size Of any future boosts that
might benefit pleasure drivers will
be determined by the availability
of materials and manpower after
meeting Pacific war needs.
Even though more civilian goods
are in the offing, the War Produc-
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
PACIFIC:
Fighting RACES

From the Ryukyus to the Philip
pines and westward to China bitter
fighting ragged in the Pacific theater
as U. S. and Chinese forces re-
manned on the offensive against des-
perate Japanese troops battling on
the outer perimeter of the enc
my's main defenses.
Heaviest action took place on
Okinawa and Luzon, where Amerl-
can G.I.s drilled deeper into rugged
japanese strongpoints, but Chinese
units also pressed vigorous attacks
against enemy columns seeking to
neutralize Allied air bases west OF
the sea coast upon which the Nips
fear a U. S. landing.
Standing but 325 miles from
Tokyo, Okinawa was bitterly de-
Tended by a fanatical japanese gar
rison, which only slowly crumbled
under the concentrated lombard
ment Of u. S. warships and aircraft
of the Little Siegfried" line strung
about the island capital Of Naha.
Throwing in swarms of planes, the
Japs persistently harassed the at
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
Navy Has Big Job Ahead

With the navy scheduled to re-
tain its entire personnel for the
Pacific warfare in contrast to
the army's plan for discharging
1000. 900, Secretary of the Navy
James V. Forrestal declared
that the feet has three principal
tasks in the far eastern con
f1ict:
First, to deliver men and
supplies for present and future
operations;
Second, to seal off the area Of
an attack in advance of land
ings;
And third, to open up. sup
port and supply beachheads.
In disclosing that tentative
postwar plans called for a 80
per cent reduction in the navy.
Fleet Adm. Ernest King de-
clared that the ultimate size
would depend upon U. S. poll
cies to defend this country, and
the western hemisphere, and
also participate in maintenance
of world peace. About so, 1000 Of
icers and 500. 900 men would
be needed in the postwar fleet
under the plans tentatively
drawn up.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26

department of commerce.
Former vice president Henry A.
Wallace, new secretary of COM
merce, has been ominously quiet
since he took over from Jesse Jones.
Wallace thrives on action and it's
not like him to remain quiet.
Clipped of his powers over the vast
Reconstruction Finance corporation.
the new commerce boss has been
quietly combing the multi num-
bered bureaus within his depart
ment with the assistance of a COM
mittee of three outstanding experts,
in an effort to find out what makes
commerce tick and to draw up a
program On what the department
needs for rehabilitation re-
ju~venation along the Wallace ideas
of government cooperation with
business with especial emphasis
on small business.
The rumpled-haired secretary oc-
cupies a huge Office, walnut paneled,
on the fifth floor Of the two-block-
long and block-wide gray stone
building. 1t is a beehive of activ-
ity. Musty, staid, s~low-moving Of
fees which line the maze Of corri-
doris are being given a thorough
going-over and house-cleaning. Wal
lace wants a department Of COM
merce which can be a real help, Of
fer a stable program to business,
not just an information and re-
search agency. He is attempting to
streamline the department for post
war action.
One of the first needs of small
business, he opines, in the post
war era is a return to what he
calls character banking -. that
is, loans on a mans record and
ability, rather than on his col
lateral assets. He declares that,
increasingly since 1913, the
small banks of the nation have
been operating under bank ex-
amining rules which make it i'm
possible for these small banks
to make thi~ type of 1oar ...
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26

rather than revoking it.
In fixing reconversion prices at
the 1912 level, OPAdministrator
Chester Bowles declared it was the
intention to establish adequate mar
gins to encourage full-scale produc-
ton and thus through both control
and plenty check the danger Of in
f1ation.
Though prices are to be pegged
at 1912 levels, increased material
and labor costs would be met by
volume production and lower distri-
button expense, Bowles said. Both
large and small manufacturers Will
determine their own prices, with
the latter entitled to a higher figure
in the event material and other
shortages prevent CAPACITY ortnut
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
Seek TO Build
On Firm Ground

AS ! write these lines two things
appear as near ce~rtainties as GER
tainties exist in this Kaleidoscope
world. The United Nations are sin
cere in the hope Of erecting some
sort of structure which, if it is hui
manly possible to do SO. can pro-
vide a place for the shelter, care
and feeding Of the dove Of peace.
A shadowy and almost p~aradoxical
corollary Of this statement is the
frank acknowledgment that prob
ably one desideratum primum omi-
mum Of only one of the great powers
is the international organization il
self What Russia and Britain want,
first Of all. is an inner citadel grid
ed by strong mutually protective al
hances. The rest Of the structure
is. for them. largely window dress
ing. Nevertheless. to obtain cooper
alton among the strong few, they
are willing to include the weaker
many.
The second thing which l think
even at this juncture can be pre-
dicted is that no matter how har-
roonious the building Of this new
temple Of hope may be. the final edi-
fee will be constructed on such a
broad foundation and with such wide
portals, that it will not confne its
tenants to any very strict restraint
Of action There will be plenty Of
room 10 turn around in it, in case
some OF the occupants feel they
don't want 10 60 in exactly the same
direction as their fellows. This is
not a cynical conclusion-it is sim
ply the result Of a practical desire
not to put anything in the way of
getting something started The
American delegation realizes that
An agreement on major questions
which could be decided following the
meeting Of Stettinius. Molotov and
Eden was announced by the delega-
lion before we left Washington,
which meant that Senator Vanden-
berg was satisfied that the wording
or the final agreement which the
Americans would accept contained
enough elasticity to provide an ''es-
cape clause" This assures the SEN
ate and the American people that
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26

and further believe that what
he terms n equity financing .---
some modification of the govern
ment guaranteed loan plan Of
the FILA, should be provided for
small business in this postwar
era.
Closest to Wallace's heart, prob
bly,, is his bureau of foreign and
domestic commerce.
Il am going to go about to get
the maximum Of usage from what
yer powers may reside in the diff
1cult bureau of foreign and domes-
tic commerce to foster and develop
trade here and abroad" he said.
IT am going to use those powers to
the maximum to get an increased
foreign trade" This means that Mr..
Wallace will have developed a pro-
gram based on removal Of tariff
barriers because he believes that
when this nation raised the tariff
on our exports after World War
I, that is when the world tailspin
really began with a vengeance"
Wallace likely will revamp COM
pletely the patent office which is
said to be a year and a half behind
in its work. Civil Aeronautics adj
ministration will play a decidedly
more important role under the Wal
lace regime. So important does
Wallace believe the air age will be-
come after the war, he himself ha.
learned to fly. Ben Stern, blustery.
but efficient public relations d.
rector of CAA. has apparently made
a good impression on Wallace and
may be stepped-up in the reorgani-
cation.
Then May l, Wallace took
over, lock, stock and barrel, the
huge job of surplus property dis
posal, some hundred billion dol
lars worth, from treasury pro-
curement. This will throw him in
closer contact with business, and
he likely will make some
changes, probably setting up
state Offices, instead of the III
regional branches as operated
by treasury. Maritime commits
sion is another department
which looms important in post
war with our need for ship
bottoms.
Do not let the adverse publicity
received by Wallace as a so-called
''idealist" and a dreamer" fool
you. He firmly believes in free en-
terprise for business. He says:
THE key to making this Ameri-
can bill Of rights a part Of the
American way of life is the
whole-hearted recognition by all u
people Of the simple fact that in
America the future Of the American
worker lies in the well-being Of
American private enterprise and
the future of American private en-
terprise lies in the well-being Of the
American worker"
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
A Gil. President

It is a long time since we have
had an ex-soldier in the White
House. President Truman is the
first veteran Of World War l to ac-
cept the mansion.
AS you know he broadcast to the
troops overseas soon after he adj
dressed congress. Naturally the
movie-cameras and the sound-track
boys were there. So were the army
photographers. But the Big Boys
get the priorities at such shows. The
newsreels, the top-fiight magazines
and the rest. The boys in uniform
were pushed back. They didn't be-
long.
As a result they got a sad side
shot that was strictly ng.
So the officer in charge went up
and asked if he could have a re-
take. Certainly" Cor words to that
effect since we don't quote presi-
dents) said President Truman. go
ahead. Wen do the whole thing
over"
Well, army pictorial does things
right It has some Of the best Hol-
lywood technical men in uniform. 1t
took a long time to get just the right
lighting. So an official came up and
said:
You have just ten minutes
more"
Up spoke the captain: DO you
want the President taken right or
wrong?"
The President broke in: Take
all night if you want to-" Cor, as I
said, words to that effect. This pic
ture was for the G.I.s.
And so they fddled and fooled I'M
til they had the lights right, until
they had everything just right.
And then the President went
ahead and did his speech over
again.
II is n of the best action shots
taken In the White House.
But you won't see it. 1t was Just
for the G.I.s.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
Bakers Pinch

Already falling far short of in
creased demands estimated at so
per cent since the war, bakery goods
will be even in tighter supply in
forthcoming months, with bakers
cut to 80 per cent of the shortening
used in 1912. Previously. they had
been limited to 100 per cent along
with rs per cent of their 1941 sugar
use.
Because bakers already have
stretched their supplies, any further
decreases would materially affect
the quality of their products, trade
sources said. In an effort to make
every bit Of use of available ingredi-
ents. fancier items requiring more
sugar and fat have been largely
eliminated, icings thinned and pies
made with single rather than double
crusts.
While the sugar and shortening
shortages have deferred bakery pro-
duction, -four has been plentiful.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26

American industry, rs represented by the
National Association Of Manufacturers, was
one Of the organizations invited by the State
Department to send eonsultants to the Amer
lean delegation at the San Francisco Con-
ference on international ORGANIZATION.
NAM, spokesman for industries which have
contributed IS percent of the nations mir
aele of war production, accepted. Ira Mosher,
NAM president, named one ccnsultant and
two associates to the Conference. Chosen
consultant was Robert Gaylord, NAM board
chairman and its former president, head OF
the Ingersoll Milling Machine Company,
Rockford. ILL.,, and n machine tool maker
since World War 1. Mr.. Gaylord's associates
are w. W. Cumberland, economist and n
partner in the investment banking firm Of
Wellington and Company. and Hugh O'Con-
nor, NAM staff member and longtime pews-
paperman and foreign correspondents
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
Sincerity Marks Peace
Farley at San Francisco
Creation of Flexible Organization Foreseen;
Position of President Truman Boosters
Hand Of u. S. Delegation.
By BAUKHAGE
Neles AnaIysl and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building
Washington, ID. C.

WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington. ID. c.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.-There
is something significant, I believe.
in the fact that this world confer
a c which hopes TO plot a happier
curse for the future Of the world
is being held al the Golden Gate.
7 can't help contrasting the atmos-
phere with that which enveloped the
gathering on the banks Of the Seine
70 years ago. which / also covered.
! think there is much more hope
for success for this gathering
than there was for the Paris con-
ference two decades ago, although
most OF us who crowded into its
opening session on the Quai d'Orsay
in Paris on a sunny January day in
1919, were well supplied with hope,
too.
! think the meeting place was well
chosen and II the agenda becomes
unfinished business. it might well
be concluded on the same spot where
the clean fog sweeps in from the
Pacific whose wide waters unite the
east and the west.
There stnl fingers on C~alifornia's
shores the memory OF its multifold
historical national contacts. 1t was
here in brakes Bay" that the ia
nous English explorer is said to
have stopped to repair his ship. I
say was brakes bay for later, Ger
memo. the Spaniard, on a voyage
from Manila in 1895. was ship
wrecked in the same body of wa
ter and gave it its present name of
San Francisco bay. The Franciscan
missionaries built missions a mule
days journey apart from southern
10 northern California. The sword
followed the cross and Portola's
Spanish soldiery fought their way
up TO what is still called the Prae-
sidio, the very year the American
nation was born.
Less definite are the records Of the
cars explorers but the Russian
river just north Of here remains
a flowing memento Of their early
visits.
Less distinguished Chinese and
Japanese came and raised their
problems; great settlements Of Hin
dus remain in the state and colonies
Of Swiss and Italians toll among
vineyards reproducing the products
OF their homelands.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
Truman Understands
Congress Vieupoint

With Harry Truman in the White
House the position Of the delegation
has been strengthened by his an
nouncement that he would not attend
the meeting in person, but would
back up his delegates from his desk
where he belonged" There are
several other things that augur well
for harmony. The senate knows that
Mr.. Truman is not personally com
mitted in any way to Britain oil
Russia since he did not participate
in any Of the talks of the Big
Three; they noted his remark that
Foreign Commissar Molotov when
he arrived in this country would pay
his respects to the President of the
United States "as he should" This
time the mountain had come to Ma
homet, not the reverse
Lastly. there is the very potent
fact that President Truman was
Senator Truman for a long while.
He knows the legislative viewpoint
and, to know the legislative view
point, not accidentally as an out
side observer, but as a longtime
possessor of that viewpoint, is Of
great practical importance. Remem-
Der the frequent controversies be-
tween the administration and con-
gress in the past few years. Note,
likewise, two of the outstanding sue
cesses in obtaining cooperation be-
tween the executive and the legisla-
tive branches: Cordell Hull and
James Byrnes, both former mem
bers Of congress.
So much for the hope for domes-
tic harmony. Now consider the diff
ference between the position Of the
United States in 1919 and the United
States in l945.
Then, it is true. u entry into
the war made victory possible. But
now we have taken over the major
burden of the fighting and in so do
ing have become the most powerful
country in the world and of all the
powerful countries, the one which
emerges with its military resources
least impaired-by far the most
powerful in terms of army, navy
and war material and wealth.
On the whole l think it is fair to
report a general feeling Of optimism
on the part Of the American delega-
ton and at least a feeling on the
part Of other delegates I have met,
Of willingness to try to justify that
optimism.
The Omaha guide., 1945-05-26
SUGAR.:
Cuba Short

Heading up the nations prospec-
tive sugar pinch are reports that
U. S. price offerings for the Cuban
crop have discouraged bumper pro-
duction and the building of reserves.
Coming on top of the statement
of Rep. Clinton Anderson IN. M
that Cuba has refused to sell this
country her 1916 sugar output unless
it also agreed to purchase l947 pro-
duction as well, these reports indi-
Gated that American offerings of $40
cents a pound have not fully salts
fed millers. planters and field work.
ers in view of the rising cost of liv-
ing in the Caribbean island.
Partly because of smaller plant
ings and a severe drouth, 1945 Gu
ban production has fallen 100, 900
tons from the 1914 figure of 1888, 900,
thus putting a severe crimp in pro-
spective U. S. supplies already
Swallowed by decreased stocks part
ly attributed to laxity in rationing
and continued subnormal sugar beet
output.