davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-27

ment Is far more worried than America
Yet it feels that unless it is supported
by Washington it will not be able to
prevent the Middle Eastern powder keg
from exploding.
At the present time the American at
titude Is that any violence on the part of
the U. S. s. r. against Turkey is incon-
ceivable, because both nations are MEM
bers Of the United Nations Organiza-
ton and pledged not to go to war
against each other.
Britain takes a more realistic view
and fears that some incident" may
be taken as an excuse to precipitate
violent action. In such an event the
United Nations Organization will be
faced with an accomplished fact" as
happened on several occasions with the
League of Nations. After the accom-
plished fact had been perpetrated 1t
would be difficult for the responsible
powers-in this case America and Brit
ain-to do anything.
The British want TO adopt a preven-
tive policy in order to avoid any I'M
pleasant surprises. They want to invent
some kind of America British potion
which would have soothing effects both
in Moscow and Ankara.
The situation in Japan is satisfactory
Japan is being "democratized," accord
ing to unbiased observers, more rapidly
than it had been originally anticipated.
Not by the. widest stretch of the imag-
ination can it be contended that she is
threat to any of the Pacific powers in
the near or distant future.
Gen. Macarthur and his staff have
done excellent work. and there seems
to be no justification for changing the
present setup. But the Russian govern
ment appears to be determined to in
filtrate politically into Japan's life by
demanding the creation of a control
commission, which on specific cases
could overrule the supreme commander
by direct appeal to the member gov
errments.
The American Government has been
adamant this far in keeping strictly
to the letter and the spirit of the Pots
dam agreement. But for some hereto
fore undisclosed reason the British
apparently prodded by Australia and
New Zealand, have been less firm on this
matter
Evening star., 1945-10-27
All That Matters

The shooting had started on the
last Navy Day before we got into the
war and the President. addressing
the largest Navy Day gathering in
the history of such celebrations, re-
minded tense audience that THE
U. S. S. Kearney is not just a Navy
ship. She belongs to every man,
woman and child in the Nation. = .
We have wished to avoid shooting.
But the shooting has started. And
history has recorded who fired the
first shot. In the long run, however.
all that will matter is who fired the
last shot"
That was all that mattered then
and it was all that mattered during
the four years that followed. But on
this first Navy Day after the shoot
ing has stopped, the most comfort
ing thought any one of us could have
would be a real conviction that all
that matters is who fired the last
shot"
We fired the last shot, in the sense
that the President meant, and in
every major port of the land today
our citizens are greeting the vic
torious Navy and its battle-tried
ships and men, paying them all the
tribute of affectionate pride of which
they proved themselves SO worthy.
But even now, so close on the heels
of the victory they won, we are be-
ginning to understand how many
other things there are that matter
than who fired the last shot
One thing that matters is whether
we realize, in contemplation of the
aftermath of war in Europe and
Asia, the position that our Navy's
victories - symbolizing the victories
won by all the branches of our armed
services-have given us in the world
today and whether, as a people, we
are prepared to take advantage of
1t and maintain that position.
, There is reason to doubt it. Since
the last shot was fired the whole
emphasis has been on breaking
down, far more speedily than it was
put together, the Army and the
Navy. So intense has been the pres
sure that everything else seems
trivial, compared with the impor-
tance of demobilization. And the
precipitate speed of the process al
lows no time for decision as to what
we propose to substitute for the Navy
that is being broken up and laid by.
On that last Navy Day before we
got into the war, in October of 1910,
Admiral Stark expressed the plain
tive wish that on that date he might
have had some of the ships that had
been scrapped after 1918 If it has
taught us anything, this war should
have taught US never to be caught
again as we were then. For the de-
velopment of scientific weapons of
war means that if power mad dicta-
tors or nations ever run amuck again,
all that may matter is who fires the
first shot-for it we'll might mean
the last.
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Parked Cars Beautiful?

To the Editor of The Star:
Warden Wilson'S letter on parking,
which you published recently, indicts
our large cities for their neglect of the
welfare of motor drivers and makes
impairs his own case, however, by con-
demning and rejecting some of the
best parking places. Cars, which he
sneers at as "jalopies,' seem to be
offensive near many of our public
buildings.
This is strange esthetics. Passenger
cars are designed to be sold for their
beauty. Yet we seem asked to believe
that line of them is ugly compared
to dull, somber pavement, with mo-
notonous stretches of unreleved straight
lines.
1t may be nearer the truth to say
that the question Is not one of beauty
or esthetics at all, but of propriety:
that the foe of street parking has fallen
for the idea that cars just do not
belong on the streets at all Except
when going somewhere), hence the
sight of one parked there gives him
the pain of stern moralist who sees
something done wrong. The question
is of what should be the fashion or
style.
If that is so two things seem cer-
tain: Cd The desperate need for park
ing in our larger cities should override
standards and ideals dating from the
conditions of the last century. We
should park wherever the traffic will
let us. The unsightly thing is unused
parking space. CD Even those who
cannot see it this way might consider
that in opposing visible parking they
would sacrifice every day the welfare
and happiness OF thousands to slight
and very doubtful esthetic gain.
WALTER P.fWHITE.
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Prize Fighter Favored

iLS iSht~i nfoiSd
To the Editor of The Star:
In your issue of October IT, three
persons discuss the OAR and the Negro.
In the last paragraph, I. Moore says:
TT is not because of their race that
people are prejudiced against them, but
because of distasteful things
associated with their low standards of
living"
was a schoolmate of Dr. George
Washington Carver, the scientist and
artist Of Tuskeegee. On his occasional
visits to Washington no hotel would
receive him. He stayed in the homes
OF friends. also was personally ac-
quainted with DR.. Booker T. Washing
ton. long time president of Tuskeegee
Institute. Once we were on the same
train, he riding in a daycoach because
he was not allowed in the Pullmans.
Were these restrictions on Carver and
Washington because of their low stand
ards of living? On the journey men
toned. I went up and talked with DR..
Washington in the daycoach. Later I
went back to my sleeper and found a
Negro going to bed in one OF the berths.
When I asked the conductor for an
explanation, he said that the man was
Joe Cans, the Negro prize fighter.
Prize fighters, it seems, must be kept
in perfect physical condition and, as
he was accompanied by his white man.
ager, he rated sleeper berth. DR..
Carver and President Washington had
no white managers and their physical
condition at the end of journey did
not count, so no berths for them. Where
did the standards of living" enter in?
CARLETON r. BALL.
Evening star., 1945-10-27

The atomic bomb has not made mill
tary training unnecessary.
1t has, If anything. could do So made
1t even more necessary than before.
We should understand this clearly, for
the opponents of universal military
training are serving us up great deal
of half baked thinking on this point.
In spite of the fact that all experience
warns us that chronological advances
in weapons have invariably demanded
more and not less manpower, plus more
and not less thorough training, We are
still deluged with all sorts of statements
and pronouncements that those who
are soberly asking for universal military
training are relics of the bow-and-arrow
age who have not considered the effects
of atomic power on our future security.
These people would persuade us that
they have a better understanding OF
these effects than the President of the
United States. who has all the available
information at his disposal. They would
persuade us taat the Army Chief OF
Staff has not thought the matter
through from the standpoint OF what
they call ''the atomic age"
* ~
The basis of their argument seems to
be something like this:
Military training is useless because
there is no safety except in preventing
another war. If the war starts we shall
be wiped out in few hours. Our trained
men will be of no service. There is no
defense against the atomic bomb,
therefore it is useless to prepare for one.
This is just nonsense. 1t could be
dismissed as such If it were not such
dangerous nonsense.
It is dangerous because SO many peo-
pie, and people of influence, are saying
these things.
For example. Mr.. Elmer Benson.
Chairman of the Executive Council of
the National Political Action Commit
tee, says that the Presidents message
is IAN invitation to an armament race.
Our national strength should never be
in arms. The Presidents message is
a message for the pre-atomic age, not
for the world of today
The United Council of Church Women,
meeting at Washington, passed 4
resolution opposing universal military
training, largely on the ground that it
was "pre-atomic," and one lady adder
an excited shrek to the effect thas
"the integrity Of our homes, churche
and schools Is at stake" It is, indee
ii the views expressed in that resolr
tion shall unhappily prevail.
Even so sober and well-balanced q
Evening star., 1945-10-27

pletely insensitive." On the other
hand, "all types Of blood poisoning"
could be treated effectively.
How many precious young lives
were saved during the war through
the manufacture of penicillin for
the armed services never will be
computed with any accuracy. The
number, however, is legion. Now
the distribution of penicillin to the
civilian population is proceeding at
a rapid pace. The price still is higher
than it ought to be, but Washington
pharmacists report that it will not
be long until it will be very reason
able" Meanwhile, the men who gave
the world the principle of penicillin
surely deserve all the rewards be-
slowed on them.
Evening star., 1945-10-27

Minnesota promises to be battle
ground next year between internation-
alism and isolationiSm The first round
will take place in the Republican sena-
torial primary when the veteran Senator
Shipstead, one of two Senators who
voted against The ratification of the
United Nations Charter, is expected to
be candidate for denomination. The
second round, if Senator ShipStead wins
denomination, will be the general elec-
ton, provided the Farmer
Labor party puts in the field candidate
committed to international collaboration.
Republicans in Minnesota who support
the United Nations-the new interna-
tional organization-would give their
whole hearted backing to Capt. Harold
E. Stassen. u. S. N r., provided they
could get him to run. Capt. Stassen,
who was three times elected Governor of
the State before he entered the Navy.
frankly does not want to run for the
Senate. He is, although he has made no
public announcement. seriously consider
ing running for The presidential nomina-
ton.
His friends urge that the Senate would
be a proper stepping stone toward
presidential nomination, that it would
provide him with a forum in which to
publicize himself and the political poll
cies for which he stands. Capt. Stassen,
however, does not relish the idea of
seeking to enter the Senate merely to
achieve another office. He is one OF the
most direct men in public life. He fatty
told the people of Minnesota when he
was running for Governor for the third
time that he planned to enter the Navy
If he were re-elected-and they elected
him overwhelmingly.
The Stassen Republicans. if they can
not prevail upon the former Governor to
stand for the senatorial nomination next
year. are likely to turn to Representative
Walter H. Judd of Minneapolis. who has
represented the fifth congressional dis
trict for two terms in the House.
Mr.. Judd, physician and surgeon, Is as
ardent an internationalist as is Capt.
Stassen. He toured the country q year
or two ago with the supporters of the
Ball, Burton, Hill and Hatch resolution,
seeking to place this Government on rec
ord as favoring new international
organization for the maintenance of
peace He was a soldier in the first
World War. He won fellowship in
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Nobel Award

Public approval already is mani
tested for the award of the Nobel
Prize for Physiology and Medicine to
Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard
Walter Florey and DR.. Ernst Boris
Chain for their development of
penicillin. AS an extremely powerful
agent for preventing the growth of
infections, "the miracle drug" was
one of the factors contributing to
the winning of the Second World
War. It's use, beginning in 1899,
brought results which solemn pro-
fessional commentators in the med
ical press, not commonly given to
enthusiasm, hailed as dramatic. Lay
opinion has echoed that of the au-
thorities. The whole story of peni-
cillin research was investigated by
representatives of the Karolinska
Institute of Stockholm in advance of
the announcement of the granting
of the prize to the three individuals
most notably responsible for it.
Sir Alexander, then simply Pro-
feSsor Fleming of the University of
London, in 1929, quite accidentally"
noticed that a certain mould was
causing the disappearance of germs
on one of his bacterial cultures. He
took some of the mould, cultivated
and experimental with it. When
brought into association with a
number of germs inimical to the
human species, it restricted" them.
Staphylococci and streptococci ceased
to spread where it was applied. The
germs, it soon was discovered, were
not killed outright by the new drug
but were arrested" so that the white
cells in the blood of the patient could
kill them.
But Sir Alexander's accidental"
find remained only an observation
until group of Oxford laboratory
workers, including particularly the
two nov honored by the Nobel Foun-
dation, in 1888 began systematic
study of antibacterial substances
produced by micro organisms. Ex-
peri,sents proved that the bacteria
causing gas gangrene, for example,
were sensitive" to penicillin Sew
eral other germs of the most def
nitely vicious variety also were con-
trolled by it. The germ causing tu-
herculosis, unfortunately, was COM
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Warning of Experience
By Maj. George Field

voice as that Of Raymond Swing asks
whether war itself has not so changed
its nature that armies will be Of no use
not even to service the atom bomb and
other modern weapons only that
country that strikes first will be able to
strike at all"
The logical outcome of this line of
thinking is that all military preparation
is useless in "the atomic age" II it will
not help us to be secure, there Is no point
in spending a penny on it. Are these
ladies and gentlemen prepared to advise
that we should disband the Army and
Navy, do away with the War and Navy
Departments and face the world un-
armed and helpless? We might as we'll,
If they are right. If indeed there is no
defense against atomic attack, If indeed
"only that country which strikes first
will be able to strike at ALL
But that is not true. When Senator
Fulbright, Democrat, of Arkansas tells
us that 100000 Americans can be
wiped out at the first blow, in single
night, he is envisaging a situation in
which We will be prepared neither to
defend ourselves nor to strike back No
defensive measures, of course, will be
100 per cent efficient, but defensive
techniques against the arrival OF air.
borne missiles of any kind, atomic or
otherwise, do exist, and will be improved
and new ones will be devised. They will
not be able to give us assurance that
no bombs can get through to their
targets.
But they will, If We get manpower and
training to make them effective, be able
greatly to reduce the effectiveness OF
any surprise attack-and to preserve
at least considerable part of our
counteroffensive power. providing that
power is sufficient in quantity and
quality and adequately dispersed over
the vast area which we must defend.
This again depends on having enough
trained men as much as on any other
factor.
OF course, We do not want any such
war. OF course, our principal objective
must be to make such arrangements
With other nations that such war will
be made impossible. But will weakness
increase our influence to that end? Or
will the fact that any attack upon us
will involve such risks as to be suicidal
trengthen our position and our voice In
,e councils Of nations?
Common sense provides the answer
those questions, reinforced by recent
nd painful experience.
tCopyrtshs. le4S.s
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Our Part in Palestine

The semioficial announcement re-
ported from London that the Ameri-
can and British governments have
reached an agreement in principle
upon the thorny Palestine problem
is good omen that it will be COM
petently and constructively dealt
with. InSistent demands made in
this country that Washington put
pressure on London while refusing
to do anything itself in the matter
are both unfair and unrealistic. In
its weakened postwar situation, Brit
ain could not be expected single
handedly to take action which would
arouse the hostility not only of the
Arab countries but of the larger
Moslem world as well. Americans
too often overlook the fact that
Palestine is considered holy ground
by Mohammedans as we'll as by Jews
and Christians; so, in Moslem eyes,
the local Arab population is regarded
as the guardian of Moslem interests
and is therefore backed up for reli-
giouS as well as for nationalistic
reasons. This fact has been demon
strated by recent pledges of support
for the Palestinian Arabs from
points in the Moslem world as dis
tant as Morocco and Bengal.
Even from a technically legal
basis, Britain's obligation to permit
large-scale Jewish immigration to
the degree now required by the
ZloniSts is debatable. From the verv
beginning, British policy toward
Palestine has been an attempt to
carry water on both shoulders. 1t
is typlfied by the original Balfour
declaration that Britain favored
the establishment of a national
home in Palestine" for the Jews.
This was undoubtedly a deliberately
Delphic utterance which could be
interpreted in twofold sense, de-
pending on whether the reader
stressed the first six words or the
qualifying lin" which followed. The
reason for this ambivalence is of
course, we'll known. Issued in 1917
at the darkest hour of World War
l, the Balfour Declaration was
cleverly calculated to gain support
Tor Britain from both the Arab
rebels against the Turks and from
JeWry everywhere. In this immedi
ate objective it brilliantly succeeded.
but British policy has ever since
been lmpaled upon the dilemma pre-
sented by insistent Zionism and
waxing Arab nationalism, to saw
nothing OF pan-Islamic and pro-
Zionist Christian connotations. OF
course, critics may assert that this
is just retribution for British double
dealing. However, that solves MOTH
ing; because under present condi-
tlonS, Britain cannot, by itself.
shoulder the consequences which a
oroad-gauge settlement might entail,
Assuming that America and Brit
ain will work out and implement a
common policy toward Palestine, it
should logically be the first stem in
similar mutually of policy toward
the attendant problems of the Near
and Middle East. Indeed, Palestine
IS merely one factor in a larger
setting which extends from North
Africa to Iran and which must be
considered as a whole before any of
Its parts can be constructivelv and
laStingly dealt with.
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Still q BIunder

Japanese Fleet Admiral Osami
Nagano, who gave the order for the
surprise assault on Pearl Harbor, has
been quoted as saying that the attack
achieved far greater success than he
had expected and that 1t was not a
military blunder."
In a very limited sense he is right.
Striking without declaration of
war, and aided by the negligence of
the defenders, the japanese task
force achieved virtually complete
surprise. Our losses in ships, planes,
men and installations were very
heavy. Japan's losses were negli-
gible, and for many months the
Emperor's forces dominated the
Western Pacific.
But Admiral Nagano, with the
blindness peculiar to his kind,
apparently still fails to realize that,
despite the temporary military ad-
vantage gained at Pearl Harbor, the
attack nevertheless was a blunder
in the full sense of the word. For
as all Americans know, it solidified
a country that had been torn by
dissension and forged a relentless
determination to crush the japanese
at whatever cost. Admiral Nagano
finds comfort in the reflection that,
had it not been for the success" of
the Pearl Harbor attack, Japan would
have been defeated earlier. 1t is
more reasonable to believe, however,
that had Japan not forced an
aroused America into the war she
might not have been defeated at all
Evening star., 1945-10-27
No Time for Cynicism

Az tllne when there are so many
serious differences among the wars
major victorS, cynics NAV find IL
easy to be shallowly derisive of the
TACT that with the filing of articles
OF ratification by the necessary
number of member powers. the
United Nations Charter and it's ef-
1ectuating agency, the United Ma
tlons Organization, have at last
come into formal force.
But to scoff at this historic de-
velopment, to belittle it, to ridicule
Its Importance, for no other reason
than that the international atmos-
phere seems less than friendly at
the moment, is about on par with
denying the validity of Christianity
because a lot of people fail to prac-
tlce it, or practice it only spasmod-
lcally. Admittedly, the UNO makes
Its debut against a background of
discouraging events, but our al
ready dangerous world would be
lar more dangerous without it, just
as human society would be more
ugly than it is if the larger part of
it-no matter how much it back
slides-were bereft of ideals or fol-
lowed no such principles as the
Christian principles which animate
the United Nations Charter.
That Charter, as Secretary Brynes
declares, now has become part
of the law of nations new part,
an all-important addition to the
edifice which the world must build
if it is to govern itself nationally in
an age when the price of irration-
ality might well be the total de-
struction of civilization and possibly
even of the human race. Through
the United Nations Organization,
therefore, there must be an unre-
mitting effort to make the Charter
work and to improve upon the or
ganization itself-which is perfecti-
BILE and not perfect-as rapidly as
possible wherever improvements can
be made. Governments alone can
not do this, of course; behind them
must stand the earnest, intelligent,
active will of peoples everywhere to
cooperate in an international COM
munity armed with sufiicient power
Evening star., 1945-10-27
Chrysonthemums

gathered them IN the October
garden
Chrysanthemufss, one cluster bronze,
one fDhite-
And one pale maups. bore them
through the stiffness
And STAR tipped shadotos OF the au-
tumn night.
Indoors, took q cluster OF bronze
blossoms
Arranged 1t In q gold -encrusted bo,ul
Before Chinese painting OF sunset,
The background blending In the per-
feet tDhole.
Some trost-iphite foDers I lifted then
and placed them
In a tau jar from Egypt, phite and
blue,
With Donntello's Laughing Bov' be-
side it.
1t seemed those fotUers ,pere suddenly
smiling. too.
And then / turned to deal NTH the
nlnupe cluster
But each curled petal seemed in
sistent to stay
Against strip OF batiked purple Delpet
In round pottery vGse OF pigeon
ming grnys
VIOLET ALLEyN STOREY.