Detroit evening times., 1945-11-05
WORLD
In REVIEW
BY Mai. Gen.
BarroWs

ueledl Ol HdliOn lIllpOStS
upon the participant a moral
and political responsibility 10
see that the peace terms, follow
ing capitulation, satisfy the OBJ
jectiveS of the war, accord with
standards of justice. and give
promise of ;. better order within
the defeated nation. that will
assure peace in the future.
The degree of this response
bility is measured by the degree
of military participation.
In the defeat of Japan, Ameri-
can power was not merely a
participating factor, it was prac-
tically the sole power that de-
stroyed Japan's resistance.
This fact determined the right
of the United States TO carry
out the peace terms and make
possible a new kind of life in
Japan that may fulfill those
terms.
This right was implemented
by President Truman, with the
assent of the allied nations, in
the military occupation of ia
pan by American forces; the
appointment of Gen. Douglas
Macarthur as supreme Allied
commander; and the further re-
quirement of Japan that the
emperor, in his DEGREES to de-
stroy an old order of government
and make possible a new one,
should follow the instructions OF
the American commander, who
is himself responsible only TO
the President of the United
States.
THE acceptance of these con-
Il ditions by the emperor and
his people have made possible
a wholly peaceful occupation
of Japan; the disarming and dis
bandment of the j Japan ese
armies, without a single instance
of resistance or defiance; the
exclusion from any part in the
affairs of the country OF the
military group; the establish
ment of political freedom tor
the japanese people.
These steps make il possible
for Japan to attain a constltu-
tional regime with a ministry
responsible TO the japanese
Parliament, with loca and
municipal governments possess
ing autonomy, and when a civil
service purged of all elements
of a militant or reactionary
character.
In the short period during
which this system Of control
over Japan has been in opera
ton, these reforms have pro-
ceeded with a celerity and a
smoothness that are eXtraordi-
nary.
They have gone well because
they have had the support of
the emperor and the approval
of the so-called liberal elements
of the japanese people itself.
If this existing adminiStra-
tion is allowed TO continue, 1t
should result in an entirely new
Japan, with a government OF a
representative character; gov
ernment without armed force,
but able TO contribute to re-
stored industry and commerce
in the Far East.
1t may result in a public
opinion in Japan that will re-
spect the accomplishments of
the United States and model
its own foreign relations upon
those of this country.
THERE is nothing that could
Il occur in the Far East that
would be more fortunate for the
future peaceful life of all its
peoples than this transforma-
tion of Japan.
But unfortunately there are
forces actively at work that
would undermine the present
authority. destroy and injure
these policies, and bring Japan
into confusion.
Such an influence is being
eXerted by Moscow. which has
contrary aims which can no
longer be doubted.
Russian military occupations
df Manchuria and northern Ko-
rea will prevent the rise there
of representative government
and impose its own regime,
without determination of the
wishes of the people concerned
The Russian aim is to sur
round Siberia with a line of
Soviet-dominated governments,
and in Japan, TO prevent the
attainment OF a society that
politically and economically will
be free.
Moscow has so far refused 10
participate in the Allied Ad-
visory Council. and its place
demands the suppression of the
American a d m n stration of
Japan, and its replacement by
a four power commission, in
which her part would be the
spreading of discord.
While Secretary of state
Byrnes has publicly stated
within recent days that the
United States will agree to no
substitution of General Mac
Arthur's control, il is evident
that within the state depart