davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-20

after We day, demanded the with
drawal Of all foreign troops in the
country, the British ordered their di-
vision to leave Iran.
The Soviet forces, however, were re-
moved to Northern Iran after leaving
Teheran. Since that time reports have
been received in Washington that the
number of Red troops in that area had
increased and today 1t is believed that
the total is now 20 divisions. The
Iranian democratic" party concen-
trated its main activities in Northern
Iran and the Teheran-appointed Off
cials were not permitted by the Red
army commander to reach their posts.
Finally, three days ago, the Com
munist party, strongly supported by the
Russian forces, decided to break away
from the central government. Accord
ing to reports from the American and
British observers its forces are being
supplied from Russian army stores
while Red soldiers in civilian clothing,
the counterpart of the once-famous
Nad tourists" joined the ranks of the
otherwise weak Iranian communists.
The military forces of the "democra-
tic" party have now obtained full con-
troll over the area which has. in fact,
been under Russian occupation for the
last four years, and also reported to
be on the march toward the capital of
Iran to overthrow the Fascist" gov
ernment and raise the Red banner.
*t*
The u S. S. R. can officially disclaim
having broken the pledges given to the
Iranians in 1943. It is in position to
say that the democratic forces of Iran
have decided to introduce real de-
mocracy in that country. Russia has
fought and bled for democracy, and it
is thus compatible with her policies
to assist in the de-Nazification of all
countries close to her borders.
However, neither Washington nor
London is deceived by high-sounding
words.
In military quarters the establishment
OF Russia in Northern Iran is con-
sidered as having a great strategic i'm
portance. A part of this area borders
Turkey. The Turkish problem has
not yet been solved in spite of the
efforts of the American and British
Governments to get some expression of
opinion from the Soviet representatives
during the Potsdam and London con-
ferences.
At Potsdam Premier Stain bluntly
refused to discuss the subject with his
colleagues and Commissar Molotov did
the same in London. In the meantime,
reports from reliable sources indicate
that about 100000 Red troops are poised
on the Turkish borders from Batum in
Georgia to Lake Urmia in Iran. Mill
tary and political observers fear that
the Russians, after the Iranian question
has been settled in their own way, will
deliver an ultimatum to Turkey to
comply with Moscows request, or else.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

discovery has not made the need of
large trained reserves unnecessary The
argument OF the opponents of training
has been that, with the atomic bomb
large armies have become outmoded
Gen. Eisenhower spoke convincingly of
the need Of having the best weapons
and the training to use these weapons,
Immediately, in the event of another
war. 1t was his opinion that nothing
would so discourage another war as the
knowledge that this country at all times
is ready to fight.
He put 1t succinctly; "It is nv per-
sonal opinion, that the greatest single
motivatlng force for world peace today
is the organized military potential of
the United States-its resources. its
chronological advancement and its su-
perbly trained manpower."
4
Gen. Eisenhower was asked what
nation he considered potential assail-
ant of the United States. He specified
no nation. He might have asked his
questioner who would have believed in
1919 that Germany would in another
score of years have launched a world
wide conflict which finally embarrassed
eAiS SAAAeSe StotCS A1O lldNc dSkGd
who believed at that time Japan. which
mad been an ally in the war Just won.
would make an attack upon the United
States.
The uncomfortable fact is that, hav-
ing won this war, too many people are
ready to forget even the immediate past
in their hurry to demobilize our military
forces and in their determined effort
to prevent any real military system of
adequate preparedness. In this scramble
to get back to normalcy, or what they
consider normalcy-they forget that
the effect on the rest of the world will
be a renewed belief that this country
does not learn, that it will sink, back
to being a third rate military power,
which with proper preparation, may in
the future be attacked-and this time
defeated.
In the final analysis the American
people themselves will determine what
shall be done about universal military
training-the most effective and at the
same time the most democratic and
least costly way of being prepared.
Their course wilN be determined by
Congress, their representatives in the
legislative branch of the Government.
Minority groups are laundering against
military training. Politics, unfortun-
ately, is influencing too many of the
party members today out of political
power.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
The Transit Issue

Although the so-called deadline
for the expiration of the fourteen
day truce under which the employees
of the Capital Transit Company re-
turned to work after their unau-
thorized strike will not be reached
until tomorrow night, it is generally
expected that the employees will de-
termine their future course of action
at the mass meeting scheduled for
tonight.
The issue before the transit COM
pany workers will be a very simple
and also very important one. The
question is this: Having voluntarily
entered into an agreement with their
employer, will they live up to that
agreement, or will they resort to
another strike in violation of the
contract, and thereby serve notice
that, in their case, collective bar
gaining is futility because the
resulting agreement will not be kept?
1t was this matter of mutual good
faith that the President had in mind
when he told the opening session
of the Labor Management Confer
ence that it is necessary 'to find
methods not only of peaceful nego-
tiation of labor contracts but also
of assuring industrial peace for the
lifetime of such contracts" And it
was to this same point that Senator
Vandenberg was referring when, in
commenting on the earlier transit
strike, he said: "The true friends of
collective bargaining will be among
the very first to realize that mutual
and equd responsibility under COL
lective bargaining contracts must
be established upon firm and de-
pendable foundations if free collec-
tive bargaining itself shall deserve
to persist. Otherwise these con-
tracts are travesty upon the word"
The real question, then, which
confronts the men and women who
serve the Nations Capital as the
operators of it's public transportation
system is whether they will keep
the faith by which men live" Their
contract, to which they voluntarily
subscribed, states that during its
lifetime there shall be no Interrupt
ton of service, and it also provides
that disputes which cannot be
settled through collective bargaining
shall be referred to arbitration.
The wage dispute which now is the
sole issue between the company and
its employees belongs in this latter
category. And it, as a. matter of
fact, has already been arbitrated,
the present position of the employees
being one of dissatisfaction with the
arbitration award
These men and women, however,
are good citizens of this community,
and they have served it well during
the trying years of the war. 1t is
most earnestly to be hoped that they
will not now become parties to
deliberate act of responsibility
which would be an even greater
disservice to themselves than to the
people of Washington.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

This country has been always slow, In
time Of peace, to listen to sound advice
given by its military leaders. 1t re-
mains to be seen whether it again will
turn deaf ear. In view Of the attitude
Of many members Of Congress on the
question of universal military training,
it looks very much as though We re-
fuse to learn by experience-even
though We have had two disastrous
world conflicts in a quarter of a CEN
tury.
At present, the fate of the universe.
military training bill rests in the hands
of the House Committee on Military
Affairs. Opponents of the proposed
system-which is backed by all military
authorities in the country and by the
President of the United States-have
done their utmost to hamstring this
measure. At the same time, the op-
ponents have nothing to offer as sub
stitute to keep this country strong ex-
cept pious hopes.
1t Is just possible that the testimony
given by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
before the Committee of Military Affairs
may have made dent in the opposition
Here is man who knows the book of
war, the allied commander who put
through the greatest invasion of enemy
territory ever attempted-and won. 1t
is his considered opinion, as a profess
sional soldier and as citizen of the
United States, that the only chance for
peace in the future is for this country
to remain militarily strong. and that
the only way for us to remain strong is
by having at all times trained re-
serve of citizens"
IF war comes to us again." he told
the House committee, "the fact seems
inescapable that we will not have time
to train units before We are faced with
the final issue of defeat or victory
This is where the general and certain
critics of military training differ abso-
lutely. Their contention is that men
can be prepared to fight war within a
few months-perhaps two-although it
Is or should be evident that technical
knowledge to use modern weapons of
war is not to be obtained in few weeks
Gen. Eisenhower made another point.
The tempo of war has been enormously
increased, not only by the introduction
of the atom bomb, but also by the ad-
vances being made from day to day in
aerial warfare. Because of this, it will
be impossible for this country to pre-
pare, as it did in the case of World War I
and World War II, while our allies held
of the enemy.
A third point Is that the atomic bomb
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Real THANKSGIVING

From the Ottawa Kans) Herald.
Therell be plenty to be thankful for
at this coming Thanksgiving, with
enough of everything that goes into the
traditional Thanksgiving dinner. ac-
cording to the present outlook. House
wives have not begun to buy for the
Thanksgiving feast. but they'll feel re-
lieved at the prospect that all red meat
points will be off by the middle of No.
vember. Further assurances are given
by food concerns which sell to retailers
that there's record amount of turkey
and enough fixings, including cram
berries, nuts, onions. pumpkin, squash,
citrus fruits, sweet potatoes, celery, but
ter, whipped cream-also beef. veal,
lamb and cheese. even if pork is still
scarce.
1t isn't too early to begin planning
one of those oldfashioned Thanks
givings when relatives may gather about
a groaning feStal board.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

between the carpenters and sheet
metal unions. both in the AFL. The
occasion for the war was the provision
in fire codes for metal trims, instead
of wood. The carpenters found them
selves crowded out of much of their
work on skyscrapers and hence they
began striking on what was left of their
jobs, such as the building of concrete
forms.
Andrew Jackson Higgins had one or
more of these disputes. The Warner
Brothers trouble has been the worst in
recent months. Movie actors, little
versed in union matters, took an
emotional slant. They sided in with
what they thought was the little" or
"under-dog" union. They apparently
didn't realize that the little" union
in Hollywood was the big union nation
ally, the Brotherhood of Painters,
Paperhangers and Decorators of Ameri-
ca. A group of few hundred painters
and paperhangers stood against the
movie-set union.
These troubles particularly affect the
building industry. Many attempts have
been made to set up boards of juris-
dictional awards. But these boards
often fell afoul of one another.
These disputes do not ordinarily mean
much to the average, workman, except
when the members Of q small union
are threatened with the blacklist. But
they have been hard on an innocent
and uncomprehending public.
It would be a profound service to the
country If labor could contribute to
the Washington Conference some over
all system Of labor courts or boards for
union differences. But things now look
none to bright for such a solution.
tReleased by the Associated Newspapers}
Evening star., 1945-11-20

he changes his own view or unless
the Communists drop their demand
for either the Foreign Affairs, War
or Interior Ministries, it is difficult
to see how he can succeed. A grave
impasse thus appears to be in the
making. One can only hope that
satisfactory solution will somehow
be reached, not only for the good
of the French people, who can ill
afford political paralysis, but for
the sake of getting order restored to
Europe.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Hot Gingerbread

Sometimes it is difficult to decide
among foods. A farm lad with
normal appetite takes three good
meals day as a matter of course.
The thing that adds zeSt and pecu-
liar JOY to the days work is the food
that comes in between the regular
feeding times. There is something
to be said for many foods. Hot
doughnuts with a golden. crunchy
crust are good; home-baked bread
with well-browned. chevy outside
covering. generously spread with
butter and tangy, pungent molasses,
hits receptive spot. There is rea-
sonable case to be made for cookies
of various kinds. But there has been
nothing invented yet to equal the
spicy, tart goodness of gingerbread
hot from the oven.
There is something Intangible
about gingerbread. Perhaps it is the
fragrance that generates anticipa-
tion. Even when mother is stirring
up the batch of brown looking dough
in the big yellow bowl one gets it.
The aroma is deep and pungent. 1t
has bit of the exotic unknown in
the smell that one pulls deep into
his lungs. A fellow finds it neces-
Sary to come into the kitchen fire.
quently. 1t is dry work, splitting
kindling in the dusty woodshed and
piling up the knotty chunks for the
parlor baSe-burner for winter use
Then as the gingerbread bakes in
the wood-fired cleaning kitchen
range. deliciously tantalizing
aroma infiltrates the back room and
seeps out into the woodshed. One
wonders how the baking is progress
ing. Seems as though the best
things always take a long time.
Finally. just when a fellow can
stand it no longer. father comes
along-for a drink of water, of
course. That settles it. A lad drives
his ak deep into the chopping block
and heads for the kitchen. When
the big pan comes from the oven
and the hot spiciness pervades the
room. mother smiles. It is well she
makes extra for men folks who seem
to find it easily possible to knock off
work about half past ten. Two or
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Midniqht

From this cloud piercing cliff the city
light
That houers like a SilUer haze belotn
Appears to be the nebulous glotD
OF q star cluster, ,sdeep adrit in space.
Here might the mysterious face
OF all creation be
Revealed for US to see.
EUen noa1 / seen, to hear the oibrant
beat
OF planets In their neper- ending flight.
As though the GALAXY tpere at our feet.
II no,p the moon should float s,piftly
G,Duy,
And the earth fade
into mistiness beyond recall,
Leaping us lost In air, tDe should not be
afraid,
Not epen it the stars should s,Duy
Beneath us, and the skies part, and ioe
fall,
For here, together, toe hare heard the
distant drumming
In the sky-iungles, and haze seen the
radiance coming
On iUhirring Dirtds along the stellar
glade.
PRUDENCE K. GEAREY.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Negro Press Handicapped

Negro Press handicapped
To the Editor of The STAR
The maze of barriers which exclude
Negro newspapermen from using the
House and Senate press galleries
create the usually ridiculous situations
found in democracy where its acts run
contrary to its preachments.
When Negro newspapermen "cover"
debates and other proceedings in both
Houses of Congress, they must take
seats in the public galleries. This
means that they are not allowed to
make written notations on the detailed
activities arising from the floor of the
two highest legislative branches of their
Government. AS a consequence, Negro
newspapermen must rely solely on
memory to accurately cover" minute
by-minute proceedings of the House
and Senate, or they may take chances
on missing big story while they dash
out to the adjoining corridor and take
notes on certain points of value to
their stories on congressional action.
And with seats in the public galleries
Of both Houses at a premium, the
situation of Negro newspapermen takes
on further complications
A survey conducted by the Bureau
OF Census shows that 144 Negro news
papers published in the United States,
during the period July l. 1912, to June
80, 1943, had a combined, average net
circulation of l,613,255 per issue vast
majority of the Negro newspapers are
issued on weekly basis, but five lead
ing papers distribute between seven
the point of substantial circulation, and
the filing of daily newspaper stories by
reporters and correspondents on the
staffs of leading Negro papers and II
gathering agencies, the freedom
of the press should be extended to this
From March 30, 1927, when Free
dom's Journal, the first Negro news
paper, appeared on the American scene,
to the present, the so-called Negro
press has grown in professional COM
petence. Today it wields a national
and an international influence that
is at least IS years ahead of the
thoughts and actions of those who
would dwarf the development of the
people whom it largely serves. 1t is
time that these facts be faced squarely.
1t is time that full recognition be given
that qualified body of men and women
reporters and correspondents VIII o
should be accredited by the Congress
sional Press Association, and who could
give added prestige to the National
Press Club-their color notwithstand-
ing!
DJJTTON FERGUSON.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Letters to The Star
Proposes Demanding That Axis
Pay Human Reparations'
, the Editor n, r,hs a.a ,.

To the Editor OF The Star:
Reading Gen. Wainwright's art
icles--like meeting limbless veteran
on the street-reminds us of debt we
can never repay. But it does not fol-
low that we should not try to make
recompence. Curiously, under our re-
parations policy, the man whose fac
tory or ship was bombed, or whose
valuable painting was confiscated, will
be repaid from Axis assets, but the
man we drafted to defend that factory
or ship-what of him? He has no re-
parations claim, though he has under
gone the Death March at Bataan or
lost half his body on Tarawa. Why?
The first priority against Axis assets
should go, SO far as America is con-
cerned, to the dead the wounded, the
ex-prisoners, and those who suffered
maltreatment from the enemy. This
would:
l. Emphasize that America values
human dignity and personal rights
above property rights.
2. Partially compensate those who
suffered most, and give our veterans
who do not want charity-a just
compensation from the enemy who in
jured them, not from our taxpayers.
3. Drive home to the enemy the
enormity of their wrong doing, and
that no people can disregard human
conventions and have only few scape-
goats punished as war criminals.
4. Be administratively simple, since
the facts concerning death, wounds, and
maltreatment are matters of Army
record and need not be individually
proved.
CAPT. ROBERT WEIFERICH.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Iruniun Revolution

The inSurrectlon which has broken
out in the northwestern province of
Azerbaijan is far more than local
matter. At least four major issues
are involved. These are: (D The
sovereign integrity and independ-
ence of Iran or Persia; (2) the good
faith of the Soviet Union under in
ternational pledges to respect Trans
sovereignty and independence; 90
Anglo relations; a. the va
lidity of the United Nations Organ
ization.
The factual background of this
malodorous affair is incontestible.
When the neutrality of Iran was
violated by joint Anglo-Russian in
tervention in the autumn of 1941, it
was justified by the vital necessity
of obtaining a route for the entry of
lease-lends supplies for the Soviet
Union, which had been refused by
the jealousy nationalistic govern
ment of Reza Shah Pahlevi. The
new government of Iran was en-
tirely amenable, and its services
were recognized by the first Big
Three" meeting of Churchill, Roose-
velt and Stain in Teheran, the
Iranian capital, through a joint pro-
nouncement which specifically re-
cognized Trans sovereignty and in
tegrity. Subsequently, Iran joined
the United Nations as a charter
member, and is thus entitled to all
its rights and privileges.
The original Anglo-RusSian inter-
vention in Iran. provided for Soviet
occupation of Azerbaijan and other
northern provinces, the southern
provinces being occupied by British
forces. When American forces en-
tered Iran after our involvement in
the World War, they were purely
. transport specialist units which
have since been withdrawn.
This withdrawal was in accord
ance with joint Allied promise to
the Iranian government to evacuate
all occupation forces at the end of
the war. The British have signifed
a like willingness, but have specified
that this should be done jointly on
Russian withdrawal. The Russians,
however, have intensified rather
than relaxed their control. For more
than year they have been putting
pressure upon the Iranian govern
ment for special concessions in their
zone of occupation and have viewed
benevolently the growth of "sepa-
ratist" movement there which could
not possibly have occurred without
their favor. What is now happening
has long been predicted by all for
eign observers acquainted with the
facts.
Whatever the technicalitieS, the
equities of the case seem to fix re-
Sponsibllity on the Soviet authori-
ties. A Russian acquisition of North
ern Iran, open or disguised, would be
a challenge to Britain which might
precipitate major diplomatic crisis
throughout the Near and Middle
East. So patent a violation of the
rights of charter member of the
United Nations would likewise put in
question the intrinsic value of that
organization. Here is an issue which
no peace-loving power can evade or
overlook.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Question Unanswered

TO the Eultof o. The SSaf.
If We had attempted to abolish
Shintoism in Japan as many proposed
we should, would not such an attempt
have been inconsistent with our ma
tional policy of freedom Of religious
worship and also with the idea Of free
dom of religious worship everywhere in
the world2 J. ]. SPERRY.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
In Such Little Time
From the Montreal Star.


There is word from archeologists in
London that civilization" is really two
thousand years older than they once
thought-that is, between seven and
eight thousand years old. AS matter
of fact, We would, offhand, have said
1t must be even older. Eight thousand
years seems such little time to have
developed the mess we're in.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

ConServationists profess alarm
over a mysterious disease attacking
Chesapeake Bay oysters but the
oysters themselves feel that it is not
worth while getting into a stew any
sooner than necessary.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Probably Yes

From the st. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The attache who carried out the SEN
tence of Maryland court by giving
man 10 lashes with rawhide for beat
ing his wife would be known, do you sup
pose, as wife-beater beater?
Evening star., 1945-11-20

Millions of dollars stolen by Ger
mans have been traced to Monte
Carlo. With General Eisenhower as
croupier, the odds against a win are
overwhelming.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Emphasizes Slum Problem

Emphasizes Slum Problem
To the Editor of The Star:
just why Washington is debating
place to put underground garages,
etc.,-when the people have slums all
over the city-is beyond me. Washing
ton should be ashamed of the conditions
under which some people are forced to
live and not interested in where to
park cars, SO people may shop.
H. F. MacGRATH.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Praises Mr.. Lawrence

To the Editor of The Star:
This is to commend David Lawrence
on his article, "The Truth About Ger
many" which appeared recently in The
Star. Our policy makers could read
that article to advantage.
r n X
Evening star., 1945-11-20

Thanks to the atomic bomb many
Jap is keeping open house for
American guests.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

three big squares Of the piping hot
cake, plus a glass or two of milk,
constitute very acceptable mid
morning snack