davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-05

our greatest Secretaries of State were
men with long and varied experience
in American politics. Jefferson, Mon
roe, Seward, Blaine, Hay and Hughes
illustrate the point. The capacity to
get on with other nations Is not some
thing you learn from books. Diplo-
macy is the practice of politics on
world scale. 1t differs only in degree
from what happens in the county
courthouse. There will be few for
eign ministers who will not respect the
acumen and tactics of Secretary Byrnes.
In his political and economic views
Mr.. Byrnes' Is conservative. When, as
war mobilizer, he seemed to be LETT
OF center, it may be taken for granted
that he was acting under the direction
Of President Roosevelt. He believes in
teamwork and he follows his leader.
Under President Truman he will have
more freedom Of action than Secretary
Hull enjoyed under President Roose-
welt.
1t Is probable that never in our his
tory have SO many Americans been
interested in what goes on in the De-
partment of State. Our emergence, as
an incomparably great world power
gives to the man who directs our for
eign affairs immense significance. He
must cultivate the active cooperation
of the great powers, especially Russia,
to enforce peace and, at the same time,
provide q means of offering just treat
menr to small countries. And he must
make the meaning Of his actions clear
to the general public of this country.
To do this, Mr.. Byrnes will need much
more able assistants in the department
and American Embassies abroad than
Messrs. Hull and Stettinius were able
to find. The great test of the new Sec
retary will be his ability to improve his
working organization. He cannot do
the whole job alone. despite his excep-
tional personal qualities.
released by the Associated Newspapers. Ine.)
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Borneo and Beyond

The Allied landing at Balikpapan.
chief port and oil center of Borneo's
east coast, has manifold significance,
well summarized in the triumphant
communique issued by General
Douglas Macarthur, who personally
directed the operation. The an
nouncement reads that this third
landing on Borneo, following those
of May / at Tarakan and June 10 at
Brunei Bay, has secured idomina-
ton of Borneo and driven wedge
south, splitting the East Indies and
virtually completing our tactical
control of the entire Southwest
Pacific"
This succinct survey of the opera
tion's larger meaning omits one inn
mediate objective. which was recov-
cry of the richest oilfleld on the
island. Balikpapan oil is even purer
than that from the Tarakan and
Brunei fields, though all three can be
used without refining for fuel oil.
This means that they will all be in
production soon. and collectively
they should take care Of a large pro-
portion of the Allies immense fuel
requirements in the Far Eastern war
zone, hitherto met by very long
tanker hauls either from our West
Coast or from the Persian Gulf.
Technically. the Balikpapan land
ing was a masterpiece. Approaching
its Importance, the Japanese had
made elaborate defensive prepara-
tions, ranging from coastal mine
fields and underwater obstacles to
shore fortifications and heavy artil-.
lery implacements inland. All these
handicaps were overcome by fort
nights "softening up" process, in
cluding minesweeping, intensive air
bombing and long-distance bonn
bardment from the fleets big guns.
The result was that the actual land
ing. BY veteran Australians and
. Netherlands contingent, involved
relatively hsht iasses. Atkonghl
Evening star., 1945-07-05

group of men around him he is FORE
doomed to failure.
The State Department needs more
than physical streamlining. When
Edward Stettinius took over the secre-
taryship last year, he not only brought
in large number of men from the out
side-his former collaborators in other
agencies-but he also proceeded to effect
physical changes In the department.
The. rooms and the halls were repainted;
new cafeterias were established; new
furniture was purchased, the press room
was soundproofed and provided with
comfortable booths for reporters, and
diagrams indicating the new organiza-
ton with many new officials and sub
ordinates were drawn and given to the
press.
But the inner works of the depart
ment did not change. New men were
seen In the halls. But they did their
work with the same routine as their
predecessors. There were three levels of
policy-framers but in most cases there
was no cohesion among them. The State
Department was across the street from
the White House, but the formulation
and the execution of policies rested in
the White House, where thousands of
other important matters also had to be
decided.
There has been much criticism Of the
personnel Of the State Department in
the press and in Congress. The de
partment,s officials were the favofite
whipping boys They were frequently
described as cookie pushers" or 'pini-s
tea hounds" and the impression was
created abroad that even In these days
only the scions of wealthy families could
obtain advancement and high positions.
There are many excellent, devoted,
hard-working and intelligent men in the
State Department. But there is still the
system whereby the views of man who
Is not in the upper level" are ignored.
These men are frequently cowed. Many
of them, having made diplomacy their
only means of earning livelihood, fear
that by speaking out of turn their
careers might be jeopardized. There is,
OF course, much dead wood in the de-
partment and the recent streamlining
has brought in an additional amount.
Nevertheless, Mr.. Byrnes will find a
large number OF good and faithful COL
lsborators, provided that his new as
sistants win make good use of them. The
postwar problems viii be far more COM
plex and dificult than the war problems.
No one man can expect to cope with
them all.
Evening star., 1945-07-05

Admiral Thomas c. Kinkaid, COM
lnander of the United States 7th Fleet,
is one of the ablest sea officers this
war has produced. His very great part
in the winning of the battle Of the
Philippines last October never has been
fully appreciated by the American pub
lie. On Tuesday of this week Admiral
Kinkaid held press conference in
Manila. What he said there seems to
this writer not only to make a lot of
sense, but to be significant beyond the
ordinary run of admirals' press con-
ferenceS.
Asked about the strategic significance
ports of Foochow and Wenchow, the
Admiral said:
1--WE got a one-track mind: Get ahead
of Tokyo and keep going. We don't
want bases any farther away from Ja-
pan than those we now possess. We've
got the Japanese under heavy pres
sure now, and if we keep that pressure
on SO that they cannot regain their
balance, the war will end sooner than
it otherwise would"
Would you mind going back and
reading that paragraph again, slowly
and carefully? 1t has lot of meat
In it.
While you are still thinking about
It, let your mind go back to the state
of the war against Germany at the
beginning of last year. The Germans
had been flung out of Africa and Sicily.
The Italians had quit the war, and
Southern Italy was in Allied hands.
But 1t still was apparent that the bulk
of the German Army was engaged only
by the Russians, and that decisive AL
lied results were to be obtained only by
a direct invasion Of Western Europe
from Great Britain. We had gained
bases for attack, we had cleared our
lines of communication, the Germans
had lost the power to strike back at us
and were strictly on the defensive,
but as far as the western Allies were
concerned decisive battle had not been
joined
Then there arose tremendous clamor
OF discussion in America and in the
British nations wouldn't it be possible
to reduce Germany by bombing alone.
plus blockade? Look at the losses at
Salerno. What wouldn't 1t cost us to
try to land on the shores of Fortress
Europe itself and breach the terrible
Atlantic wall? wouldn't We stand
good chance Of being tossed back into
the sea in bloody defcat2
You axs hearing tbs sasne ming now
about Japan. The Japanese are dong
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Kinkaid Discusses Jap War
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

their best to convince us that we never
can invade their homeland for decisive
battle. The Germans had their At
lantic wall propaganda; the Japanese
now are telling us that their entire
coast line is heavily fortified" and de-
Tended by a well-organized army and
volunteer defense corps organized and
trained for suicide" tactics We're as
sured that there are underground iron
fortresses" along the whole of Japan's
shores. Remember what the Germans
said about the number of guns, the
number of tons of concrete, etc., etc,
which had been poured into the At
lantic wall? But they didn't tell us
what every German officer of any
capability well knew-that be the At
lantic wall ever so strong materially,
yet strategically 1t was nevertheless
long weak line, the linear defense
which can always be broken through by
concentrated power at single chosen
point Once the attacker has estab-
lished complete freedom Of action, SO
that he can concentrate when and
where he will, he always can break
through the linear defense, whose de-
tenders have to keep their forces dis
tributed along their entire front until
they learn where the enemy is going
to strike. And they learn that only
after the blow has fallen, when it Is too
late to do much about 1t.
Nor did the Germans tells us what
their commanders and ours knew, that
superior air power plus superior sea
power not only enables the attacker to
concentrate where he wishes and to
deny advance knowledge Of that fact to
the enemy, but it also enables him to
isolate the chosen battlefield and keep
the defender from reinforcing it after
the attack has begun.
%4k xk
To do this, of course, hard fighting
Is essential after the attack starts.
Losses inevitably are incurred. Wars
cannot be won without loss. But the
wise commander, who makes the best
use Of material superiority and chooses
his time and place so as to gain the
fullest advantage, will minimize the
losses that might otherwise be the re-
suit Of long and inconclusive struggle.
Time is a factor Of very great impor-
tance. Again to quote Admiral Kin-
kaid.
Il don't believe Japan has had time,
or will haze time, to 60 underground.
Most Of uE feel that Japan has been
definitely defeated already, and it Is
simply matter OF closing it out. OF
course, you've got to send In troops
TO meet EN-, fight 'em and kill 'en.
There's no easy way out
tcoSyfishs 1e4sJ
Evening star., 1945-07-05
The British Election

Today, in Great Britain and North
ern Ireland, many millions of men
and women go to the polls in the
first general election held in ten
years to choose a new Parliament,
which, according to the British sys-
TEN, determines the choice of a
Prime Minister and cabinet to run
the country. Voting in the home
land was preceded a couple of days
by voting among members of the
armed services throughout the world.
The total number of eligible electors
exceeds 100000.
British political methods, condi-.
tions and attitudes are so different
from ours that it is difficult to trans
late them into American terms. For
instance, the platform of the Con-
servative, or TORY" party would GER
tainly not be considered "conServa-
tive" here, since it advocates social
benefits and government regulation
Of business and industry exceeding
anything seriously backed among
us at the height of the New Deal"
Almost six years of war have so i'm
poveriShed Britain and disrupted its
economic life that virtually every
one there is convinced that radical
changes are necessary. The chief
difference is in the degree and en-
phasiS of the process. The Labor
party stands frankly for general So
cialization of public utilities and key
industries and a thoroughgoing
managed economy. The Conserva-
tives seek to maintain as much as
possible of private property and in
itiative. In between these sharply
contrasting programs stand the Lib
erals, trying to stage a comeback on
a platform which would endeavor to
combine the economic socialization
of Labor with those individual free
doms which tend to be lost under
the authoritarian character of full
blown socialism. The Liberal party
is mere shadow of its former self,
but hopes to attain a balance of
power position in the next Parlia-
ment if the major parties should be
returned in approximately equal
strength.
The general impression here and
among American observers in Britain
is that the Conservatives will be
returned to power with a workable
though reduced majority, and that
this victory will be due largely to
the prestige and popularity of their
standard bearer. Winston Church.
ill. However, all such predictions
are qualified by warnings that many
imponderables exist which render
the outcome uncertain. During the
past decade whole new political
generation of voters has arisen,
while six years of war privation and
suffering have fashioned a new out
look on life which is about to have
its first concrete political expression
at the polls.
Such uncertainties as to the out
come will persist for three weeks,
since the results of the election will
not be made known until July 26,
when the soldier vote abroad will
have been fully cast and tabulated.
However, it is expected that enough
will be surmised Immediately to give
a fair indication as to which side
has won.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Believes Atrocities Deliberate

Believes Atrocities Deliberate
To the Editor of The Star:
feel that The Star and the st. Louis
Post-Dispatch deserve commendation
for their effort in bringing evidence Of
German atrocities to the general public.
The exhibit. however, apparently still
leaves the false impression in the minds
Of many that these atrocities are an
integral part Of war, inseparable from
it, and that they constitute "the strong
est argument against future wars" I
think this should be corrected.
Wars are bad enough, but even they
cannot be saddled with the blame for
such barbarities. The best proof of that
is the fact that our own troops took
part in this war, and on German soil,
but were not guilty of such barbarities.
This old world has seen many wars,
but rarely If ever such deliberate cruel
ties. within historic times. Moreover,
the Germans started their reign of ter
ror. not only in prison camps, but out
side Of them. In Germany years before
the war broke out, and in Czechoslo-
vakia on the first day Of the invasion,
in March. 1899, although there was no
war against that people in the ordinary
sense of that word. And in Poland and
other conquered lands the terrorism
was continued long after military oper-
ations had ended.
No, these barbarities are a special
contribution Of German "kultur," long
planned and deliberately carried out, for
purpose. That purpose is explained
In the speech of Field Marshal Won
Rundstedt, from which you quote in
your leaflets announcing this exhibit of
horrors. That quotation should be given
more emphasis and publicity. This plan
of DISCRIMINATING neighboring nations
was announced in Hitler's "Mein Kampf"
long before the war broke out and even
before he came into power.
EDW. WOLESENSKY.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
NLRB Anniversary

This is the tenth anniversary OF
the creation of the National Labor
Relations Board-an agency which
has had a troubled past and which
faces a troubled future.
The board has done a great deal
of work. 1t has handled more than
$4,000 cases and has issued more
than 1900 formal decisions. OF
all the cases handled, more than
$4,000 were disposed of informally,
generally through adjustments ac-
cepted by the parties without formal
hearings or litigation. But recently
there has been significant upward
trend in the number of cases which
cannot be disposed of informally
an indication that the end of the
war is going to bring more and not
less conflict in the industrial field.
This is not in conformity with the
purpose of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act, which the board is charged
with administering. The NLRB, or,
as it is more commonly called, the
Wagner Act, was supposed to har-
monize employer-employe relations.
But by no stretch of the imagination
can it be said to have achieved that
purpose.
For an explanation of this failure,
one must look primarily to the act
itself. 1t is not a statute which
purports to deal even-handedly as
between employers and employees.
On the contrary, the authors of the
statute assumed that organized
labor lacked the economic power to
deal on equal terms with employers,
and accordingly weighted" the
statute in favor of the unions. If
there was any justification for this
ten years ago, it has long since
ceased to exist, and the best evidence
is to be found in the fact that
unions, far from being unable to
cope with the economic strength of
employers, have demonstrated in
recent years that they are not only
stronger than employers but, in
many instances, stronger than the
Government, too.
Under the law, employers are for
hidden to engage in certain unfair
labor practices. The statute imposes
no such restraints on employees, and,
as a matter of practical fact, they
are encouraged to engage in conduct
which for any one else would be
unlawful, and punishable as such.
Furthermore, employers are required
to abide by their contracts with
unions. But there is no such re-
quirement with respect to unions,
and the latter are constantly vio-
lating their contracts, openly or by
subterfuge.
These are two, but by no means
all, of the abuses that have become
conspicuous in the field of labor
relations under the Wagner Act.
And it is the persistence in these
abuses, under the protection of the
law and the courts, which has led to
the current demand for action by
Congress which will give the public
some protection against irresponsible
unioniSm.
This corrective action may be slow
in coming, but it will come. The
legitimate rights of employees have
become fixed in our system and they
ought not to be disturbed. But
public sentiment inevitably will de-
mand that the enjoyment of those
rights, and the power that goes with
them, must be accompanied by a
standard of union responsibility
prescribed by law.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
War Bond Editorioi
m the Garden City tKanso Telesram.

From the Garden City Kans) TELEGRAM.
TO whom 1t may concern. !" This is
the way Staff Sergt. Bob Potter ad-
dressed letter to home folks In Gettys.
burgs, s. OAK
My brother lies near the ruins OF
Sc. Lo, the town that he helped to
hberate. He didn't 60 alone; some Of
his huddies kept him company. He
went quickly, as one will with belly
full OF lead and steel. Some of them
fingered bit, then died mercifully,
Heroes, all Of them. unsung by most.
but In our minds their images remain
as If written In acid. We can't forget
Make sure you DON'T
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Group Singing Inquiry
the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Where can one go to fird group sing
ing in the District of Columbia?
Among the numerous war workers OF
the city there are some who would en-
joy participating In singing together.
OF course, there is some congregational
singing in some OF the churches on sun
day mornings. ! should like to know,
however, II there is any place where.
on weekday night, one who prefers to
sing rather than to dance may 60 to
participate personally in group singing.
Maybe some Of your readers can answer
this question.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
New Work Week

President Truman's order putting
all but half dozen agencies on a
44-hour basis formally re-establishes
the short" work week principle in
the Government service after a
lapse of approximately three years.
Prior to the war the 39-hour week
was standard. Then the press Of
preparations. plus the need for
manpower, caused many establish
ments to lengthen their hours. and
in December, 1912, 4s hours became
uniform. with the passage of the
war pay legislation. While the new
arrangement adds five hours to the
prewar schedule. it embodies recog-
milton of the five-day week as basic
and represents decided gain for
the workers, who long have aimed at
that goal.
The Government saves approx
mately $22,OO000O annually by the
Presidents order, but the employees
affected suffer no loss so far as
take home" pay Is concerned, be-
cause the added benefits of the new
wage legislation - which prompted
the order-give them the same re-
muneration as was received for long
er hours under lower scale.
About half the personnel in the
Washington area goes back to the
Saturday half holiday now, and this
no doubt will be welcomed generally.
In the field the percentage will be
smaller, but the terms Of the presi-
Dental order no doubt will be ex-
panded as war developments in the
Pacific permit.
Evening star., 1945-07-05

The Japanese are said to be NOV
ing what is left of their war indus
tries to Manchuria. II they wait
much longer, a dozen canoes ought
to be enough to make the transfer.
Evening star., 1945-07-05

A chef in an Australian hotel
claims to know 1000 ways to cook
an egg. Meanwhile, there are any
number of housewives In America
who know at least one way to cook
steak-if they could get steak.
Evening star., 1945-07-05

Britain has an acute shortage Of
bakers. How about butchers and
candlestick-makers? They usually
60 together, don't they? 81
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-01-18
Directors Named At
Ada And Alger Bank
Elections

Both Ada banks held their re-
organization meeting recently. In
both cases the officers and board of
directors were reelected.
Ben r. Connor was reelected to
his 21st year as president of the
First National Bank. Other officers
named were Dana E. Welsh, vice
president; Arson w. Gear, cashier.
and Anne Pugh, assistant cashier.
The following directors were re-
elected: Dana E. Welsh, John F.
Stambaugh, Jennings Stambaugh, J.
r. Spar, Ben R. Conner, Will H.
Powell and DR.. C. w. Breck.
The Liberty Bank elected the fol-
lowing officers: Lloyd McElroy, pres
ident; H. M. Povenmire, vice-presi-
dent; r. S. Rover, cashier, and Aleta
Parshall, assistant cashier.
Directors renamed for the coming
year were: Jay Huffman, H. M.
Povenmire, Dallas Krofft, Burke
Gardner, R. S. Hover and Lloyd
McElroy.
The following directors were re-
elected at meeting of stockholders
of the Alger Savings Bank, Fred
Kirts, Fred Alderman, C. C. Clark,
all of Alger; Victor 7. Huston, Nc
Guffey; Earl Mcconnell, Dola, and
Robert ]. Chandler of Ada.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-01-18
Eight Putnam Men
Are Casualties

Eight more Putnam county men
have been reported as war casualties
in notifications sent to their families
by the War Department. They are:
Pfc. Francis w. Hermiller, para
trooper, son of Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Hermiller of Ottawa, reported wound
ed slightly on Leyte Dec. 8.
Staff Sergt. Alfred L. Osterhauge,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Louis Oster-
hauge of Kalida, reported wounded
slightly in Germany Dec. IT.
Pvt. James nj. Butler, husband of
Mrs. Daris J. Butler of Leipsic, re-
ported missing in action in Germany
since Dec. IT.
Pfc. Donald r. Evans, son of Mrs.
Maude NJ. Evans of Columbus Grove,
reported wounded seriously in Ger
many Dec. 16.
Sergt. Harold E. Kisseberth, son
of Mrs. Edith Kisseberth of Giltoa,
reported wounded seriously in Ger
many Dec. Is.
Paul Rentz has advised his par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Rentz, of
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-01-18
Question Couple In
Lima Hotel Fire

Police Chief Kermit Westbay said
that the Miner hotel fire "may have
been of incendiary origin" and dis
closed that man and woman were
being held for questioning.
He would not elaborate, other than
TO say that the couple had been reg
istered at the hotel the day of the
fire, and the next day registered un-
der assumed names at another Lima
hotel.
Two persons died in the fire which
also hit three other business build
ings, causing loss estimated at $780,
900.
Allen County Prosecutor Clarence
Fisher stated that all permanent
guests have been accounted for in
the Miner hotel fire.
Meanwhile wreck crews pulled
down one wall of the hotel which
was still standing. The wall, part
of which was on Main street and
part on North street, threatened for
a while to fall into the street.