davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The union times., 1945-08-04
Superseniority Is
 A Super -Sellout! {!
WASHINCTON-(LPA)-Th lines were drawn tight this week between organized labor Seectve Service Lewis B. Hershey the issue of superseniority.

protect. This issue of SuperSeniority, said the Shipyard Worker in a page one editorial, lis being seized upon by every reactionary who wants to de- stroy labor, as weapon to pit the veteran against the union man."
 The WLB refusal to play Her. shey's anti-uniOn game came in the case of the Phillips Petroleum Co.,, of Haskell, N. J. The Board an- nounced that it had unanimously declined to order into a collective bargaining contract provision that would make war veteran, re- turning to his previous employer, eligible for jobs other than the one he previously filled or would be en- titled to under the SeIective Serv- ice Act, so long as he did not dis place worker with greater conn pany seniority"
 Another superseniority test case is shaping up in Mishawaka, Ind, where union worker in the U. s. Rubber Co. for 12 years was fired to give way to veteran with only four months seniority. Ironically the displaced man was a veteran of World War I. This incident bore out warnings by labor leaders that Hershey's superseniority interpretation could mean the displace- ment of a father who was a World War l vet by his own son who was Ia World War II vet.
 In his broadcast Hershey clashed with President John Green, of the Shipbuilding Workers Union. Speak ing for the negative on the question, Should War Veterans have Job Preference?'', Green said that organ ized labor has done more than Con- gress in guaranteeing job rights for returning servicemen. Superseniority, he said, would destroy collective bar gaining and provide field day for anti-labor employers"
 The superseniority idea held out by Hershey might give the veteran one years guaranteed employment, Green continued, but it would prove to his loss in the long run because it is only through organized labor that wages and living standards are maintained and constantly inn proved.
The union times., 1945-08-04
VILE. WITH LABOR

On labOr's side appeared to be the War Labor Board, which last week refused to force a super. seniority clause into a union con. tract; the Labor Department, the Justice Department and the de. cisiOns of two impartial arbiters, But Hershey, whose resignation has been asked by number of labor papers, made it clear in a nation. wide broadcast that he intends to push his own superseniority inter. pretatiOn of the Selective Service Act and the c. I. Bill of Rights to the limit.
 The final determination will prob ably be made by the courts. In New York City last week Hershey's assis- tant, Col. A. V. McDermott an- nounced that Abraham Fishgold, an Army veteran, had filed suit against the Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Corp. because he was laid off several times as result of union contract seniority clause. This case, according to both WLB and Labor Department officials, is supposed to be the test case to prove once and for all whether Hershey or organized labor is correct. Labor leaders have contended that Hershey's interpretation of super seniority not only would throw mil lions of war workers out of their jobs but would disrupt the nations economy during the transition period.
 Fishgold was laid off after having been reinstated in his job as the result of seniority agreement in contract won by the Industrial Union of Marine & Shipbui1ding Workers. The unions paper last week, agreeing with other labor publications, stated that "Superseniority for war veterans is a super sel1out"
 The Shipyard Worker contended that "The interpretation by General Hershey of the Selective Service Act which would require the guarantee of a years employment for every reem- ployed war veteran regardless of seniority under union contracts is a threat not only to the entire labor movement, but also the very interests of the veterans it would ostensibly
The union times., 1945-08-04
COOP CIGARETTES

CHICAGO-LAP)-Two million cigarettes a month are now going to smokers under the "CO-OP" label, distributed through regional coopera- tives. The new brand is made of quality domestic tobaccos, expertly blended to give a mild, gratifying smoke" and, according to many users, the "equal of or better than" most of the Big Five" brands which cost the same.
The union times., 1945-08-04

lies and cartels, and international control of raw material areas.
 In foreign policy the Labor party is expected to put real force behind Churchilps token promises of CO., operation with the Soviet Union and the U. s. and aid to the democratic peoples of Europe. Sharp reversals of the tory practice of supporting re- action abroad-particularly in Spain,
The union times., 1945-08-04

Greece, Italy and Belgium-are antici- pated.
 Churchill's policy of underwrit- ing General Franco, turning guns on Creek democratic forces, whom he cOntemptuOusly called 'Ebandits from the hills," and backing re- action elsewhere in Europe with the force of British arms has been sharply criticized in the past by Labor spOkesmen.
The union times., 1945-08-04
'AFL Rejoices At
 British Election
(Continued from Page One)

(Contlnued from Page One) paigned for closer friendship with Russia, of practically allowing a foreign power to dictate the politi- cal color of the government 2
 Winston Churchill was hope1essly astray from the beginning" Morrison told newspapermen after the Labor victory was announced. "Ie culti- vated red herrings. He made himself contemptib1e
 British Labor's domestic program, titled five year plan to rebuild Britain." calls for immediate na- tionakzation of the coal, power and transport industries, public owner ship of the Bank of England, gradual naturalization of other i'm dustries, orderly distribution of food, public supervision of mOnopo.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Fools Errund
By Frederick Van de Water.
(DueH, Sloan & Pearce;: $780,

BIZ Frederick Van de Water.
(DueH, Sloan & Pedrce;; $780,
Reviewed by DODAIR ONEILL.
Fools Errand" is a book aptly
named. The fool, Martin Brent, for
sakes substantial job in New York
for a debt ridden farm in Vermont
in pursuance of his errand, art. In
stead of finding the peace and at
mosphere he seeks, he finds ever
mounting debts, a shallow but dis
tracing social life and ruinous
affair with another mans wife. The
strong influences of the environment
and the weakness of Brent's charac-
ter bring him to a swift tragedy.
In contrast to the "furriners"-
erstwhile city dwellers in search of
idyllic life-stand the natives of the
district, taciturn, omniscient, kindly
but cIannish, looking on the invad-
ers as foolish weaklings Through
the Hathaway family the author
gives rich portrayal of the char
acter of these people with their gay
but infrequent festivities, their
struggle for survival against the
harshness of nature and their fierce
pride. Without sordidness or false
gloss he follows the Hathaways and
their friends with a sure and know
ing pen, bringing the reader in the
kitchen door of their homes and
lives.
Evening star., 1945-07-22

interest of ending fascism abroad.
He gives the first part of his book
to this analysis and it is an i'm
pressive one, well supported by evil
dence which a tendency to write at
times emotionally does not destroy.
In the second section of his work,
he surveys South America as "land
of opportunity" and comes out with
the by now pretty well-known in
formation that, for the individual
pioneer type Of settler, most of the
opportunities have been taken up.
There remain possibilities of de-
velopment, he says, for great in
dustrial organizations, but these too,
in his opinion, have been over
rated. The natural wealth of the
continent is, in his view, made un-
profitable by the natural handi-
caps, such as misplaced mountains,
impossible climate, deserts, floods
and insufficient farmland to support
a growing population. Part of this
section is given to a survey of our
recent program for developing Bra
zil's wild rubber. 1t is disillusioning
The book is work of mixed
qualities. In it mountains and mole
hills are set side by side and en-
dowed with equal significance: fresh
information and well-established
facts are heralded forth with the
same intensity; experiences Of q
purely personal kind are offered as
evidence Of public trends. Yet there
Is enough solid yerifiable material
in. the work to make it impressive.
Particularly In It's dealing with our
own policy toward our Southern
neighbors It merits careful reading.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Memoirs Of Paul Reynoud
Petoin Linked With Intrigue
In SeIIout Of French Forces

politician, a minister In the MIDDLE
'20s, who was influential in academic
circles-Ed9 Petain revealed as
early as April that he expected a
German offensive in May, culmi-
mating in the defeat of the French
Army. Yet at this time book
came out with a preface by Petain
in which he declared that the
French Army could most certainly
resist an enemy attack. Raris-Soir.
on January 3, 1910, published an
interview headlining his statement:
I'VE have everything we need to
win"
The French Army was lulled to
sleep. Petain's theory, that an or
ganized defensive was unbeatable,
had been supported by Edouard
Daladier as Minister of War and Of
National Defense, and the minds of
several of our principal leaders were,
unfortunately. saturated with the
idea of waging defensive war only.
If Petain knew that German
offensive would take place in May,
which would put the French Army
in such deadly peril that the leaders
of France would have need of
him." as he told Darlan, why did
he not tell Gen. Maurice Gamelin,
who was then commander in chief2
Petain's Information Questioned.
Who was it told Petain that the
German offensive would start in
May and that it would be of such
strength that France would go
down in disaster, despite the French
Army's belief to the contrary?
Why, even after the war started.
did Petain, as French Ambassador,
continue to shake hands with the
German Ambassador in Madrid, to
the indignation of the diplomatic
corps and in defiance of all stand
ards of decency and social conducta
When was in prison in France,
or shut up in my cell at Oranien-
burg. I pondered these questions.
Germany was all-powerful in
Spain. The Gestapo was master
there. Franco knew that Hitler's
schemes included the subsection of
his long-standing enemy. Soviet
Russia. He hoped that the ap-
preaching defeat of France would
see established there an anti
Bolshevik" regime similar to his
own.
Did Franco tell Petain that an
offensive would take place in May.
and that the French Army would
be crushed? Did Franco, perhaps,
act as a channel of communications
between Petain and Hitler?
Franco Theory Advanced.
When Gen. Gamelin and I were
imprisoned in Germany, the general
told me: While I was a prisoner
at the Fort du Portalet, early in
194l, I fell i'll and was moved to 8
(See INTRIGUE, Page C-10)
Evening star., 1945-07-22
The Kniqhts of the Cape

By Ricardo Palma. Translated
from the Spanish by Harriet
de Onts. (Knopt; $780,
Ricardo Palma was Peruvian
author whose long life span covered
the years between 1888 and 1919.
He wrote number of serious his
torical works, but his fame, which
was considerable, rested mainly on
his "Tradiciones Peruanas," from
which the selections in the present
volume are taken. "Tradiciones
Peruanas" was series of short
papers which treated of the legends
and romances which go into PERU
Wan history.
AS Harriet de Oiis says in her
introduction to this book, Palmas
closest likeness in American letters
is Washington Irving. Irving also
loved to evoke the past in its inti-
mate and legendary, rather than
strictly historical, aspects" Ger
tainly there is a marked similarity
between the two.
But along with this romantic ma
terial is a bracing ingredient of
brusque humor, frank pleasure in
rascality, a touch of the broad and
picturesque which also puts one in
mind of "Contes Drolatiques. And
an irreverent and even slangy style
indicates that the humorous quality
was nearer the authors heart than
the romantic.
thought the book wholly de-
lightful. In all the procession of
Latin American translations which
have recently come forth, I have
found nothing more thoroughly en-
tertaining.-M.-C. r.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Reviewing The New Books
Proceed Without Delay
By Sergt. Thomas r. st. George

BY Sergt. Thomas II. st. George,
u. S. A. (Cro,oeH;; $2
Thomas R. st. George is one OF
a number Of young men who, II they
survive to enjoy the experience, will
find profitable writing careers ready
and waiting for them when the
armed forces finally turn them loose
For these youngsters the normal
long hard years of literary appren-
ticeship will have been exchanged
for some fewer years of patriotic
service and, in many cases, mortal
peril. They are the soldiers with
pens whose accounts of military life
have become famous and 1t is prob
able that, come peace, they will
glide into excellent newspaper and
magazine jobs with the smoothness
of flying boat coming down on
an unruffied bay. Nobody can say
that they haven't earned the pri-
ority.
Sergt. st. George, for his part,
has already hit the literary big time,
though he is still in CT dress and
still In the South Pacific. Care of
Postmaster" was his first work, a
book which sold nearly a million
copies. Yank, the enlisted mans
paper, has him on its staff and his
stories have been widely quoted. He
Is a cartoonist as well as a writer
and illustrates his own pieces. In
this new book he has described his
adventures as Yank correspondent
covering the situation in New
Guinea and Australia In the days
of the big, bad Jap and in the
Philippines at the time of the Amer
ican return. 1t Is good writing in
style by now SO well established
as to be predictable-GI humor, wry
and earthly, generally at the expense
Of high brass.
This lackluster attitude, best ex-
emplified by the Mauldin cartoons,
is now practically de rigeur for en-
listed mems self-expression. SO I
think it is worth mentioning when
a GI writer does take leave of 1t.
Once in the course of Sergt. st.
Georges book this occurs and he lets
himself 60 in enthusiasm for the
organization to which he belongs.
Describing the installations made
by his countrymen on New Guinea,
he speculates on how these achieve
ments may have seemed to the Jap
soldiers abandoned when the main
enemy force retreated. The pas
sage seems to me worth quoting.
Il have wondered about the hun
Evening star., 1945-07-22


an absurd oversimplification," he
charges, to blame Lodge alone for
it's defeat. He does not intend, he
announces, to kick the corpse Of
Lodge nor to whiten the tomb of
wilson"
That's an unnecessary disclaimer,
for in effect he kicks the corpse of
Wilson and whitens the tomb of
Lodge: with his own sickly hands
Wilson slew his own brain child.
=" He who had forced the Allies
to write the League into the treaty
unwrote it,"
Both Wilson and Lodge compro-
missed a little, the author says, and
they finally reached the point where
they stood pat. What Wilson did
was to fight stubbornly for his
League; what Lodge did was to fight
stubbornly for his reservations.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Third Of a Series.J
BY PAUL REYNAUD,

war premier Oh FThNfes t.
The man who surrendered France
to the Germans despite his pledges,
was the man all Frenchmen knew
as the victor of Verdun. This appar-
ent paradox can be explained. One
must know the man, must understand
Petain's long standing ambition
to seize power, must recall that
Joffre had to order that heroism for
which Petain was credited at Ver-
dun, must learn of his connection
with the Germans even before the
beginning of this war.
While Francesca Nitti, the former
Italian Premier of France, and /
were prisoners together in Germany,
he told me that during the Peace
Conference of 1919, Georges Glenn
enceau, then Premier of France.
came to see him one day at his
hotel.
What do you think of Petain?"
Nitti asked him.
He is a defeatist who believes in
nothing. He hates the British. He
wanted to surrender in March, 1918.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Three Exotic Tales
By Philip Freund. (Pilg

By Philip Freund. pilgrim
House; $2.50.)
Philip Freund is a remarkably tai
ented writer who is not getting the
popular recognition which he de-
serves but who some day will be
marked down as bright spirit of
our period. He has written both
novels and stories: his real genius
l think, is for the long tale. He has
published three of those in this
volume and they are all worth read
ing. Two of them, "Solano" and "A
Demon Cloud are fine examples of
their form. The other one, 'The
Fiery Lake." suffers somewhat from
a confusion of incidents.
Mr.. Freund's method is to write
quietly and unemphatically and to
leave his reader with sort of still
sense of wonder, a renewed aware
ness of life's constant mystery. To
evoke that awareneSs Is one of the
functions of art; it is art indeed in
its basic relation to life. In these
stories, in spite of their titles, there
is no very strange happening. so
lano," for instance, seen by another
kind of eye, could have been a mere
sordid instance of smart practice.
But all three invoke the spirit be-
yond the thing, and the spirit is
always strange. They are recon-
mended to any one who understands
the quality.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
New Chum
By John MaSetield. (Macmil
Ian; $780,

By John Masefeld. (Macmil-
Ian; $780,
John Masef1eld, whose name has
long been associated with the sea
tells in this little volume of his first
sea experience. 1t was not sea-
faring; it was sea study. He was q
Conway boy, an apprentice on the
famous training ship for Britain's
famous merchant marine. When he
was but Is he first went aboard the
school vessel where his rank was
that of new chum," which seems to
be Conway for freshman" He tells
in this account the story of his first
term, lasting from September until
Christmas.
1t is charming narrative and
about the best prose work of Mr..
Masefield's which I have read. A
landlubber who is easily lost in sea
language as it is used by most nau-
tical writers, found no difficulty in
following this narrative. That Is
not the highest praise which the
book deserves, of course; it is the
lowest. 1t is, in short, basic. More
important is the manner in which
MIR. Masefield conveys to his readers
his own young poetic response to sea
life, even the sea life of an anchored
vessel.
He does this without egotism and
without halting the narrative of ex-
perience. One sees him nonethe-
less, as a poet on the decks, even
with his scant 13 years. His delight
in the ships beauty = her shining
paint, her immaculate brass, her un-
splinterable timbers - and in the
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Among
the Authors
BY Carolyn Coggins

The tall gentleman With q luxu-
RANT mustache carrying a Honey
Bear on his shoulder was Stuart
Cloete whose newest book about
Africa Is Against These Three" He
welcomed us with a wide grin and
an English accent reminding us that
Ana-short for Analysis--was not
as bad as her bark. In the corner,
Sam, South American bird with
orange and black costume, had just
had a bath. There is also Albert,
the white mouse. who comes when
he is called. In this room a canary
and some brilliantly colored small
fish were too ordinary to attract
much notice. We sat down COM
fortably to look at them all, but
|it was Edward-the- Honey Bears
little innocent face and antics which
won us completely. But back to the
author.
Stuart Cloete began writing IL
years ago when he returned to Lon
don, weary of farm life in Africa
where he had gone as badly
wounded soldier to take up his fu-
ture following the last war. For
three years he wrote, selling almost
nothing. Then his success began
in 1887 with THE Turning Wheels -
He thinks it could have spoiled him
into being a one-book man except
that he was scared to death he
couldn't do a decent story again.
He never has felt sure enough that
he could "do 1t again" to be tempted
into relaxing, but continues to live
for his writing.
Eight hundred and thirty three
manuscripts poured into the Hough-
ton Miffiin Offices in Boston to COM
pete for the poetry prize fellow
ship award this year. The 81 900
goes to Elizabeth Bishop of New
York for her work which will prob
ably appear as a book under the
title of North and South"
v
A book on China is just out, writ
ten by Lawrence Rosinger, the For
eign Policy Associations Research
Associate on the Far East. The
book is "China's Crisis" .. Which
reminds us that only yesterday our
brother returned from almost two
years in China, headed for a res
taurant, ordered five salads and
five glasses of milk and ate his
way across the array in no time.
Then, and only then, did he call
his family.
Evening star., 1945-07-22
Sleep in the Sun
By Alan Moody. (Houghto1
Mi6fin Co.. So.

BY Atdn MOODY. (HOhghtOn,
Mif1in Co.; S2..)
Reviewed by DOROTHY CoAKLEY.
Against a background of noun
tains and warm California sunshine,
the late Alan Moody has written
what is meant to be a colorful and
humorous tale about a Mexican
family of three: Jose Mercado,
probably the LATEST man in South
ern California; Mama Chula, his
long-suffering wife. and his mother
in-law, Madrecita, who is bereft of
the power of speech and whom they
treat with such loving kindness
that they even lock her in the
house when they go out to keep
her from strolling off and getting
lost.
Each chapter is a complete story
but the same characters live
throughout the whole book. These
are abundant and clearly drawn but
they are not always interesting.
Mr.. Moody's main purpose was to
paint picture of the land he
loved. He has tried, within a few
pages, to portray an impressionist's
vision of Southern California. The
effort shows through his book. 1t
was the reason for his book. He
was not as interested in his char
acters as he was in his scenery.
Yet only a vague hint Of the sweep
and tremendous space of California
is revealed. Thus the book fails
on two counts. 1t Is neither fish nor
fowl.
Another fault of Mr. Moody's Is
that he looks down his nose at
the people in his pages. He is
tolerant and amused by turn, sad
and sentimental in spells, but he
seems never actually fond of his
creations. One would suspect that
he lacks real understanding of Cali
fornia's Mexican population.
His stories are amusing and some
Of his Mexicanisms of American
words are very funny; but the book
is too thickly coated with an icing
of sentimentality. 1t would be bet
ter if its mood did not change so
completely every now and then. If
a book Is to be humorous, it should
be humorous with some reasonable
consistency.
Evening star., 1945-07-22

GREAT BETRAYAL
Bailey blames Wilson more than
Lodge for not yielding; he blames
the one who wanted the League
rather than the one who didn't.
Wilson erred, says Bailey, in not
having a larger Republican repre-
sentation in Paris, in not giving the
Senate more information about the
League, in making his cross-country
tour to appeal to the American peo-
Pile, in not resigning after he COL
lapsed, even in not dying instead of
merely collapsing.
He continues, however, in a chap
ter with which only rabid isolation
lists will disagree, that our failure to
shoulder our international RESPONSE
bilities had tragic consequences.
For the future he would ban
politics from foreign affairs, drop
the Senate's two-thirds rule, sacri-
flee some of our sovereignty in
behalf of international security, and
show a little more good will toward
friendly nations. i.