davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-12
(See WESTERN FRONT, Page A-3
Week S Gain in Casualties,
6,481, Smallest in Months
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
American combat casualties since
Pearl Harbor have now reached
899, 800
Secretary of War Stimson today
reported Army casualties of 1855
while the Navy set its losses at
96,705.
The increase over last weeks
figure, 6,48l, was one of the smallest
weekly rises in months.
Mr.. Stimson said the Army figures
reflected casualties reported through
March 81 and covered operations on
the war fronts through the middle
of March.
A breakdown on Army casualties
and similar figures for the preceding
week:
Killed, 159,267 and l56,471; wound
ed, 1926 and 486, ,929; missing, &c.
643 and 88,755: prisoners, 67,514 and
S6,228. OF the wounded 25O,192 have
returned to duty. ,
Evening star., 1945-04-12
American Casualties
In First 9 Days on
0kinawa Total 2,695
432 Dead and 2,l03
Wounded; II Jops
Killed for ] American
Ry the Associated Press


GUAM, April 12.-Southerr,
Okinawa's grim, no-quarter ar
tillery battle went into it's eighth
day today as the Navy announced
American casualties of 2,695 for
the first nine days of the cam
paign. The Yanks were killing
II japanese for every American
japanese in the bitterly contested
southern sector hurled four deter
mined and well-prepared counterat-
tacks against Maj. Gen. John r.
Hodges oath Corps Doughboys yes
terday after firing 1000 rounds of
mortar and artillery fire.
The japanese we're calling for
supporting mortar fire, even though
some of it was falling into their own
lines. Artillery shells and small
arms fire poured into the American
positions in increasing amounts
along the Little Siegfried Line"
about four miles north of Naha, the
capital.
Southern Sector Unchanged.
Admiral Chester w. Nimitz again
reported mo substantial changes in
the lines in the southern sector">
Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger's Ma
rines in the north ran into organ
lied resistance for the first time as
they pressed toward the end of the
tip of the Motobu Peninsula. Other
Marines advanced into the MAIN
land of Northern Okinawa against
only slight opposition.
Carrier and land-based planes as
well as naval guns gave close sup
port to the ground operations
Fighters wrecked IA japanese am
phibious tanks and IS camouflaged
boats along the southern shore. A
shore battery was silenced
Associated Press Correspondent
Vern Haugland reported that the
Japanese we're suspected of using
a small observation plane with
American markings. The tiny craft
was believed observing American
positions and directing Japanese
mortar fire.
432 Dead in Total.
Admiral Nimitz announced the
2,695 American casualties included
432 dead, 2,103 wounded and l60
missing. This count was up to
midnight on Monday.
The last report of japanese dead
showed 5000 sby midnight Sunday,
Evening star., 1945-04-12
u. ). Formally
Accuses Nazis
.0f Atrocities
Stimson, Stettinius
Join in Statement
Promising Justice

Ry the Associated Press.
The United States Government
today charged Germany with
deliberate neglect. indifference
and cruelty" in the treatment of
American prisoners.
The War and State Departments
declared in joint statement that
actions are being uncovered daily
which have shocked the entire civ
ilized world"
The statement was issued by Sec
retary Of War Stimson and Secre-
tary Of State Stettinius and read by
Mr.. Stimson at his weekly news
conference. Secretary Stimson called
it balanced statement" on the
condition of American prisoners In
the Reich.
Justice Promised.
The statement declared that
atrocities against American prison.
ers ARE documented by the pitiable
condition of liberated American SOL
ulelS, dOulIlg.
The American Nation will not
forget them. 1t is our relentless de-
termination that the perpetrators
OF these heinous crimes against
American citizens and against civ
ilization itself will be brought to
justice "
In general, the statement said,
conditions under which American
prisoners are held in Germany are
"deplorable." Some 10000 American
men are captives in the interior of
Germany, it added, and the condi-
tions under which many are living
ARE due to large extent to Ger
manys fanatical determination to
continue hopeless war, with a
resultant disintegration under dis
astrous military defeat"
"Since the beginning OF this
year" the statement said. there
has been a steadily increasing fall
ure on the part of the German gov
ernment to provide, according to
the standards established by the
Geneva Convention. for American
prisoners of war in Germany Gus
tody."
All Possible Efforts Made.
As a result, II continued, the
United States Government, in CO.
operation with the Swiss govern
ment as protecting power: the
Swedish government, the American
and international Red Cross, has
been and is doing everything within
its power to get food and other sup
plies to these men.
Allied armies advancing from the
east and the west into Germany
have overrun q of the 78 prisoner
of-War camps and hospitals in
which American soldiers were known
to have been held. These advances
have resulted in the liberation of
approximately $4,000 Americans,
but the Nazis have hastily removed
$4,000 American prisoners into the
CSee PRISONERS, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1945-04-12
British Forces Drive
Past Second Barrier
In Italian Offensive
Yonks Capture Corroro
As Clark Tells Patriots
FinoI Bottle Hos Begun
By the Associated Pres!

BY the Associated Press.
ROME, April 12.-Eighth Army
troops. battling heavy opposition,
have pushed across a second
barrier thrown up by the Ger
mans at the Santerno River,
while on the opposite end of the
front American troops, assisted
by Italian partisans. have cap
tured Carrara. Allied headquar-
terS announced today.
The crossing of the Santerno was
forced against strong opposition. -
the communique said.
The Santerno runs parallel to and
about S miles west of the Senio
River line from which the 9Th
launched its new offensive four days
ago.
Carrara is 4 miles north of MaSsa
West Coast hub whose capture by
the 5th Army was announced yes
terday.
Patriots Warned.
Meanwhile, in a message to
Italian patriots behind German
lines in Northern Italy, Gen.
Mark w. Clark said the final
battles for the liberation Of Italy
have begun"
(He warned, however, that the
moment for co-ordinated action
had not yet arrived. The instruc-
tions were broadcast over the
Rome radio and recorded by the
Federal Communications Com
miSiSon)
Dozens of towns have been re-
duceo to rubble around the stub
born Germans by pulverizing artil-
lery concentrations in the new at
tacks.
Cotignola, which was one of the
first towns taken by the 9th Army in
the new drive. was destroyed. Only
about 1000 of its normal population
of 10000 remained, living in eel
lars.
Capture of Carrara apparently
was made by the 442d Regiment,
made up of Americans of japanese
ancestry. They had been last re-
ported only a half mile from the
town, a marble quarry center of
$4,000.
Nazi Defense Stiffens.
The Germans obviously were put
ting up one of their show piece
defenses all along the Italian front
"a stubborn bloody fight for every
crossroad despite the present situ-
alton inside Germany.
Raj Liberators were out in sup
port of the 9th Army ground forces
during the night, attacking points
close to the battle line southwest
of Lake Comacchio where enemy
supplies were concentrated.
The new fighting in Italy was CO.
incident with a reported German
withdrawal north of Sarajevo in
Yugoslavia. The Balkan Air Force
has been attacking German COM
munication lines in that area almost
constantly for three days. More than
300 motor transports were destroyed
or damaged on the main road to
Brod, and 18 locomotives and more
than 100 freight cars were put out
of commission.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Col. Aeon Is Missing;
Led YoItu Air Escort
Ry the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
CORPUS CHRISTI, Tex, April IL.
Col. Arthur c. Agan, 29-year- old
commander of the American 1st
Fighter Group and leader of the
fighter escort for principals at the
Yalta Conference, has been listed as
missing in action over Hungary
since March 81, his family was noti-
fled yesterday.
The colonels mother, Mrs. A. c.
Agan, lives in Corpus Christi; his
wife and 3-year-ol daughter in San
Antonio. where Coli Agan was born.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
U. 5. Munitions Ship Blast
Kills Hundreds in Bari
Ey the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ROME, April 12.-Hundreds of
Italian civilians and number of
American and British servicemen
were killed in Bari Harbor Monday
by the explosion of an American
Liberty ship loaded with munitions,
an Italian government spokesman
announced today. More than 1000
other persons were injured.
The cause of the explosion was
not yet known, the spokesman said.
The number of military personnel
casualties also was not known.
Authorities did not disclose the
identity of the ship.
Earlier, the government spokes-
man had placed the toll of italian
dead at 267 and the injured at about
1,600.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
By EDWARD ID. BALL,
, sSociated press Waf Corresnopdent


WEIMAR, April 12.-Weimar,
birthplace of the German Republic
in 1919, surrendered today to the
American Sd Armys 80th Infantry
Division without shot.
1t was bloodless conquest, ne
gotiated by German bicycle
courier.
Negotiations for the surrender
began last night in the village of
Troistedt, 3 miles south of the his
toric German city. The surrender
ultimatum, which was to have ex-
pired at $3.50 am. today, was drawn
up and handed to the Mayor of
Troistedt.
The gray-haired Mayor pedaled
a bicycle into Weimar and delivered
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Bulletin
Sub and Londino Craft Lost

SuO uIiu IuHu'II9 N'OiI LOSt
The submarine Scamp and
a large support landing craft
have been lost in the Pacific,
the Navy announced today.
The submarine was reported
overdue from patrol and pre-
sumed lost, and the Les (L)
(3)-49 was lost in the Phil
ippines as the result of enemy
action. Normal complement
of q submarine is about 65
officers and men and of a
landing craft of the type
about As.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Senate Holds Up Bill
Threatening Curbs on
Press and Congress
Ferguson Forces Recall
Of Approved Measure
Dealing With Codes

A bill which the Senate passed
unanimously Monday to throw
added safeguards around mill
tary secrets has been held up
for reconsideration on motion OF
Senator Ferguson, Republican, OF
Michigan who expressed fear
that its broad terms might in
terfere with voluntary censor
ship or hamper congressional in
veStigations of Government de-
partmentS.
The measure deals primarily with
messages or information trans
mitted in code, fixing heavy pen
alties for unauthorized disclosures
Senator Ferguson told reporter
the bill might be construed in such
way as to prevent am investigation
of the attack on Pearl Harbor, OF
similar inquiries involving code
messages.
Calls Terms Too Broad.
He explained today that he had
no desire to interfere with the pro-
lection of military secrets or the
Government code machinery, but
that the bill is in such broad terms
that many political questions the
people have a right to be informed
about could be suppressed.
1T would enable one man to write
the history of this war" Senator
Ferguson declared, because the reg
ulations governing the use of any
information sent by code would be
determined by the President. Some
day the public wants the whole his
tory of this war written
The Michigan Senator expressed
the belief that great deal of diplo-
matte correspondence which the
public should have could be with
held under the bill if it happened
to be transmitted in code.
Didn't Pass Unnoticed.
Although the bill was approved or
the unanimous consent calendar, il
did not pass the Senate unnoticed
When it was called up Monday Sen
ator Revercomb, Republican, of West
Virginia asked for an explanation
and Chairman Thomas of the Mil
itary Affairs Committee, replied:
The bill provides for filling gap
in regard to the punishment of per-
sons who may divulge military Sc
crets. I presume the bill becomes
necessary because of the great num-
ber of radio communications, radio
being used for the transmission of
codes. The bill is sponsored by both
the Army and the Navy. 1t is a
measure which is necessary in peace
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Britain to Stop Drafting
OF Men 81 and Older

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April l2.-Britain plans
to discontinue conscription of men
of 81 years and older for the armed
forces after May l except where
there is a need for specialists or
other special factors, Labor Minister
Ernest Bevin announced today.
With the same exceptions, con-
scription of men and women for war
Jobs under Britain's national service
law also will be discontinued, Mr.
Bevin told Commons
No British women have been called
up for a considerable time.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Bicyc|ist Negotiotes Surrender
'OfWeimur Without q Shot

the surrender demand, which had
been drawn by 1t. Col. Paul Bandy
of Hillsboro, Tex.
Before o'clock the Mayor was
back-riding his bicycle again-and
was followed 10 minutes later by
the Overmayor of Weimar, who said
his city was ready to surrender. The
American troops then marched in.
The Overmayor, riding in limou-
sine, brought with him DR.. Erica
Fischer, whose American mother
lives in Germany, and DR.. Fischer's
German husband. Both Frau Fischer
and her husband are psychologists.
Both speak flawless English.
The Fischers told 80th Division
officers the German Army had pulled
(See WE1MAR, Page A. 81
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Army and Navy Differ
On Asking |nternees
For Transport Fares
War Department Says
Trips Are Free; Navy
Asked Promissory Notes
By CARTER BROOKE JONES.


While the Navy has been re-
quiring Americans liberated
from internment camps in the
Philippines to sign promissory
notes for the cost of their pas
sage back to the United States,
the Army has been carrying
them free on its transports, a
War Department spokesman
said today.
This conflict of policy was dis
closed after The Star published
Tuesday a report of the experience
of Mr.. and Mrs. William Burke, jr.
now in Washington. They spent
three years in the Santo Tomas
internment camp in Manila and
were required to sign an lou pro-
missing to pay the Treasurer of the
United States on demand S825, the
expense of transportation for them
selves and their young son from
Leyte to San Francisco on a Navy
transport. Mrs. Josephine Waldo
freed from the same camp, said
here yesterday she had to sign a
note for S275 for a single passage
Navy Has No Comment.
There was no comment at the
Navy Department and no explana-
ton of the apparent opposite inter
probation by the two services.
The War Department officer said
however, that the Army had taken
large number of refugees from
the Philippines to the United States
and exacted no payments from
them and made none sign IOUs.
Inquiry at the transport com
mand had disclosed this situation
though there was no explanation
of how the policy was determined
or why the Navy had a different
policy
Elsewhere in the Government il
was suggested that the Navy Off
Ger who levied the IOUs might have
felt that he lacked authority te
transport civilians free and hac
taken this means of protecting him.
self, leaving final determination te
officials at the Navy Department.
The whole matter of providing
transportation for civilian American
refugees in various parts of the
world is under consideration. it was
learned, and a definite policy un-
doubtedly will come out of these
discussions. The War, Navy anc
State Departments and probably the
Executive Office of the President
will be involved before the dispute
is settled, according to an informed
source.
Cite U. S. Spending Abroad.
While returning refugees woulc
have paid almost anything to gel
out of the internment camp and
back home, they made the point
that this Government was trans
porting British war brides to the
United States without charge and
spending large sums in many for
eign quarters, and they felt it could
afford to bring its own citizens back
from prison camps. They also
pointed out that many of those who
returned from the Philippines with
them were left destitute by the war
and the destruction of Manila ano
no longer even had contacts in the
United States.
They were frankly surprised that
their Government adopted an atti-
tude they described as strictly busi-
ness and did not even furnish them
with clothing or other supplies, oi
which they were in desperate need.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Observation-Disclosures
DownLast SMILES Toward Berlin
Other Americans
Near Leipzig in
46-MiIe Sweep
BULLETIN.

PARIS GA report attrib-
uted to French sources and
without immediate confirma-
ton said late today that AL
lied parachute troops had
been dropped at Brandenburg,
20 miles west of Berlin.
Evening star., 1945-04-12

One additional man from
the District area has been re-
ported killed in this Dar See
"On the Honor Roll," Page A-2.
Evening star., 1945-04-12
9Th ARMY CROSSES ELBE> WINS BRIDGEHEAD
Higher Ceilings
On Cattle Asked
To Assure Beef
Prices Are Based on
Costs of 7 Years Aqo,
Food Inquiry Told

DISTRICT OPA CHIEF says 50
more investigators are needed
here. Page B-l
Evening star., 1945-04-12

(See OKINAWA, Page A-20D
Evening star., 1945-04-12

Temperatures today-High, 10, at 1:30
pm; low, so, at "a am. Yesterday
High, 70, at pm; low, 54, at $40 am
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Weather Forecast

Clearing, in 70s this afternoon; cloudy,
mild tonight, tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-04-12

(See FOOD, Page A-20.)
Evening star., 1945-04-12

(See RUSSIA, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-04-12

(See FERGUSON, Page A-20)
Evening star., 1945-04-12
Guide for Readers

An Associated Press Newspaper
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-06-30
Swallows Use Radar

The Power that notes even the sparrow s
fall has endowed the lower animals with attri
butes man is but slowly understanding and
putting to use For example radar, one Of the
greatest forces harnessed for war purposes,
has been Used by swallows presumably since
the first of the breed tried out its wings when
the world was young.
Here is story brought to our attention by
nature lover who vouches for its accuracy.
Five tiny swallows, nest and all, tumbled
down chimney wall of a womans home on
Market street last Friday Being a member
Of the Board of Charities she placed them
Under Star-News in her backyard and fed
them butternilk through a dropper.
If there was any static on radios in Whining
ton on Saturday, it may have been due to the
radar these little swallows resorted to, which
scientists say they have practiced for years
in flight
Every time bird or plane passed over
they set up a rat-tat-tat, as penetrating as
anything that ever came out of small throat.
1t was an S. o. S. which the mother bird was
certain to get If even miles away. Sure enough
on Sunday morning she got the message. Now
they are under her care, and may soon be
winging their way to South America.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-06-30
Pat Each Others Back

The part the United States played in defeat
ing Germany in the former World war was
generally undervalued by the British people.
many of whom viewed it as no more than
token assistance.
This is why it is pleasant to find Field
Marshal Sir Bernard L. Montgomery saying
that Britain was finished in 1941 and could
not have survived but for the United States.
Upon several occasions Prime Minister
Churchill of Great Britain has in effect said
the same thing But this acknowledgment
from he British commander outweighs
ChurchilIs because it has no political impli-
cation and gives well deserved praise to the
American forces who met and overcame the
best Germany had to offer.
1t is the praise OF great fighting man for
great fighting forces a fighting man who
knows the part America played in turning
Rommel back in Africa and the irresistible
striking power of American armed might in
France and Germany. v
At the same time that we cuddle ''Monty's"
fine tribute to our hearts, we also must re-
member that in the dark days Of 1941 Britain
was our own front line of defense and but for
her will to carry on we would soon have been
Hitlers principal target.
So great was the German threat not only
TO Britain but to our own nation that anything
less than our about effort to prevent her fall
would inevitably have brought or own con-
quest, or if not that long, costly, and possibly
disastrous defense o. our shores.
We had no choice but to employ our every
resource in industry, natural resources and
manpower in the war against enemy who
surely would have put us in bonds if Britain
down but not out had not gone on.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-06-30
Chang Is Confident

Chang Kai-shek, generalissino Of China's
republican armies is confident that Chinese
troops can defeat all Japanese forces in that
great area within a year if given sufficient
supplies and equipment
II the sample of fighting ability offered by
Chinese soldiers in the battle around Liuchow
and other parts of south-central China, where
the enemy has been resisting and not merely
withdrawing, is typical of the new Chinese
armies and spirit, the generalissino probably
is not so far from the truth as many might
think
There would still remain the friction between
Chiang's forces and the communists in north
China to be overcome, however, before the
American Pacific command could give his
troops leading role in the battle OF China.
With thei1 help, or even possible leadership,
the conflict on Asia's mainland doubtless would
move faster toward victory, for they are hard
figters well trained, and as willy as the
Japanese It is to be hoped that Doctor Soongs
trip to Moscow will clear up much OF the
mystery enveloping the communist situation
in China as well as Russias policy on the war
against japan.
It would be fitting for China to have the
stars role in the war drama enacted on the
Chinese stage, particularly as it is this ma
TONS policy to let the forces OF Japanese
occupied countries or of sister countries with
the same allegiance, free themselves as far
as they are able to do so. The Filipinos had
an important role in freeing the Philip mes.
The Australians are leading the attack in Bor-
neo. Australians and New Zealanders have
been hopping up on New Guinea. Inevitably
the Dutch will have a major part in driving
the Japanese from Java and other Dutch is
lands in the southwest Pacific. It would be on
Nv right, therefore, for the Chinese to lead
the attack on the enemy on their soil.
But they could not do the whole job The
direction and manipulation of forces in China
would demand the greater skill in modern
warfare possessed by American commanders
and the services Of American forces trained
on the battlefields Of Africa and Europe, &C.
customed to the operation and maneuvering
of armored equipment, and an unlimited num-
Der of American warplanes which would have
to be manned by American crews.
1t is heartening however, to know that Chi
ang is ready to take the offensive in big
way after so long a time devoted to retreat
ing in depth, if we but give him the supplies
so essential to victory.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-06-30
Daily Prayer
FOR A QUIET WALK

In a troubled time we dare to
pray for a quiet walk of life O
God, our Father. Without panic,
fret Or fear we would 60 through
the days as those who trust in the
Lord. So sure of Thy goodness and
wisdom and care would we be
that our hearts may at all times
remain serene and steadfast. We
know Whom we have believed, and
we would rest in Him. Thus would
we become, by Thy grace, o God,
centers of strength for our fami-
lies and friends and neighbors.
BY our peaceful hearts we would
bear witness to Thy power. Deliv-
er US, we beseech Thee, from the
tyranny of daily news, that we may
not be either unduly exalted or
cast down; since we are sure that
Ihou wilt give us the ultimate VIC
tory. Seal our lips against idle
and disturbing talk about the war;
and help us to carry on. in quiet
ness and confidence, to the glori-
Gus end. This we ask in the name
OF the unaffrighted Christ. who
shared His peace with His friends.
Amen.-W. T. E.