davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-03-04

For a while, there were indications
the war might pass Alaska by but on
June 3, 1912, Jap bombers hit Dutch
Harbor and formidable enemy feet
approached Alaska from the west.
What Stopped the Japs?
Nobody knows yet exactly what
stopped the japanese, but certainly
Buckner's few ancient bombers and
outmoded fighters helped. His secret
bases had gone undetected. and fighters
rose to meet and shoot down some of
the Jap bombers. Bombers from Cold
Bay which apparently was also news
to the japanese, harassed the feet
along with the Navy's heroic Ply
squadrons from Dutch Harbor.
The Japanese turned around, stop
ping long enough to leave garrisons at
Kiska and Attu
The affair had one facet which ap-
pealed to Gen. Buckners sense Of hui
NOR. Part of the secrecy for the base
at Umnak had been obtained by address,
ing cargo intended for it to a mythical
firm, The Blair Fish Packing Co."
Two Disappointments
The rest of the Alaska story is well
known But there were two disappoint-
ments in it for Buckner. He did not
have the job of building the Alaskan
highway, nor did he have the job Of
ousting the enemy from Attu and Kiska.
When the American attack on Attu
came, assault troops were brought from
California.
1t did please Buckner that some Of
his troops-part of the famous 4th In
fantry Division-were called in when
reinforcements were needed, and that
one Of his officers, Maj Gen. Eugene
Landrum, was summoned when the OPP
erations Jagged.
However, when the Kiska operation
was planned, the Alaska defense COM
mand again was in an advisory capacity
only. Part Of the blame for the bad
intelligence on that operation, however,
did go to Ado. which had provided most
OF the preliminary reports on the mum.
Der Of Japanese on the island. There
were none when the American troops
arrived.
Evening star., 1945-03-04


The new six-motor Consolidated Vul-
tee plane will carry 204 passengers in
pressurized; cabin stratoliners from Los
Angeles to Sydney, Australia, in 50 hours
for $2s5, trip made by boat in 10 days
on which the first-class fare is about
500 more
A flight from San Francisco to Shang-
hal would take SO hours and cost about
$500 as compared with 81 days and
about $3.50 by boat.
Another line proposes to fly from Chi
cago to Calcutta, a distance of only
about 10000 miles by the great-circle
route through Alaska, Siberia and China,
for fiat 5-cents-a mile rate on a So
hour schedule, cutting more than two
weeks off the best ship time. Schedules
and fares to European capitals would be
in proportion, $50 and nine hours to
Evening star., 1945-03-04

will prove one of the Nations greatest
assets in the international competition
for air trafic which will follow the
peace. 80
Most of the applications, In fact,
specify use of either the Douglas Sky
master, designated the C-54 by the
Army, which now has scores of such
models in everyday use on transoceanic
routes, or the Lockheed Constellation,
only recently delivered for use on the
Air Transport Commands routes. With
the benefit of the service tests they have
received in the course of their Army
operation, both types would be ready
for use on international routes within
short time after peace comes.
TWA has ordered 40 constellation"
for its New York to London flights, and
Evening star., 1945-03-04

several orders in for DC-4 transports
to cover the same route.
The Douglas Skymaster. If peacetime
schedules were to be put into operation
today, could carry 26 passengers from
New York to the British Isles in l8 hours
and to Australia in less than 72, only
fraction of the best time by surface
transporta ton. Use of the Lockheed
Constellation is expected to cut this time
by third, carrying more than so pas
sengers. But awaiting peace are plans,
not only in the Douglas and Lockheed
plants, but in those Of Consolidated
Vultee and others for larger and faster
planes that will cut schedules further
and increase passenger capacity to more
than 200 for day flights when sleeping
accommodations are not required.
Evening star., 1945-03-04

the new types of cargo planes coming
off the production lines was considered
more than an offset to the limited safety
factor of the flying boat.
Another influence of the Army pro-
gram was evident in the proposals sub
mitted to the CAB for routes to every
part of the world. Almost every air line
was able to base its schedules and oper-
ating costs on actual experience in fly
ing the route asked. Under the Armys
expansion of world air routes for war
purposes, civilian air lines have CO.
operated in supplying crews, both air
and ground, while plane manufacturers
have made giant strides in development
of craft for both passengers and cargo.
The personnel trained and the equip
ment developed in this war program
Evening star., 1945-03-04

London, for example. only slightly less
spectacular because of the shorter dis
tances involved.
Steamship companies are fully awake
to the threat posed by plane service on
these transoceanic routes and are seek
ing to avoid having the air lines skim
the cream off the passenger business by
operating air lines in conjunction with
their water service, but so far the CAB
has maintained policy of not permit
ting other travel agencies, whether boat,
rail or bus, to enter the airline field.
While estimates of Americas share
in this trafic must necessarily be
gueSses at best, those made in the recent
hearings run as high as 10000 passengers
q year for. all routes to the Orient and
Australia And 100000 or more for routes
from the East Coast with planes sched-
uled daily for some routes in the Pacific
and several times day on Atlantic runs.
The option now offered by many rail-
roads of returning by an alternate route
will be a common feature of the air
line operation, providing stimulus to
tourist travel.
With pool of experienced personnel
built up by war operations, and an air
plane industry geared up to war needs OF
carrying 1900 900 passengers and mil
lions Of pounds of cargo annually by air,
the United States will be in position
to blaze the trail in postwar aviation.
Jet Propulsion
Several phases Of postwar aviation
were not mentioned, notable example
being jet propulsion, one Of the out
standing and entirely new developments
Of this war, as the tank and poison gas
were of the last. Vague reports have
come through the censorship of progress
made along this line, which is being
eagerly watched by plane manufacturers
for its application in shaping the pattern
of aviation after the war. Its develop
ment has been so secret, however, that
no manufacturers except those actually
engaged in making engines or planes for
which they are designed know anything
at all about them except their possibil-
tiles as revolutionary force in the
aviation industry But from the en-
gineering point of view, hint of their
potential effect may be gained by
quotation from the annual report of
Evening star., 1945-03-04
DOu0LnS DC-4 tC-51

marine menace. Silly as 1t sounds now,
proposals actually were made to switch
production from ships to airplanes as
an answer to the U-boat challenge
Henry ]. Kaiser got top-fight atten-
ton with his proposal to adapt his mass
production methods to turning out huge
quantities of large flying boats of the
Mars type in his shipyards. Under all
this popular pressure the Army dung to
its land plane program despite the vast
expanse of water to be traversed in
supplying vital war materials to forces
across the four oceans and seven seas.
One of the principal reasons was the
importance of northern routes, where
ice must be coped with six months or
more year. Even small cake of ice
is hazard to flying boat on take-of
or landing, and the greater speed of
Evening star., 1945-03-04

Wide World Photo.
the Philippines. So when the war began,
Alaska was far from ready.
Buckner. Was Everywhere
Nevertheless, the job did get done.
Buckner was everywhere. Usually he
flew. Frequently he took with him at
least two dogs. One was an ancient
springer spaniel bitch, the other her
male pup: and both much too fat.
When the general worked, the dogs
slept under his desk. When he inspected
installations. they trailed behind. When
he fished, the dogs bounced through the
Alaska bush. came back full Of porcu-
pine quilts.
Evening star., 1945-03-04

simple construction-it has only about
10 per cent OF the moping parts OF the
usual recirocating engine, it has no
ignition system, no carburetor, no auto
matte throttle control and. since there
is no propeller, there is no need for
prop controls and instruments. No
iDdrmup of the engine is needed-u
highly desirable feature militdrily. -"
What effect this will have on future
airplane design can only be guessed at.
For security reasons, jet propulsion is
Evening star., 1945-03-04
Course for Postwar Air Travellers Around the Globe

Washingtonians ,oiu pisit London or
Paris on ,oeek ends soon after the par.
Plane fare aoiH be less than 5000.
There UiH be daily flights to Ha-
ioaii, hours from the coast, at fare
of less than 500.
Planes cross the Atlantic noto on an
Average OF one euery 20 minutes, and
plans are under tDay for "global COM
muting" in the postwar era.
Evening star., 1945-03-04
BY Ben. H. Pearse.

A preview of what the world traveller
may expect in the line of accommoda-
tions, schedules and cost of covering
shrunken globe by air was offered
here before the Civil Aeronautics Board
which has just completed hearings on
applications for routes from the United
States to almost every capital in the
world.
One fact emerging from the hearings,
during which the air lines with domestic
experience only before the war, pro-
pose to compete with the Pan Ameri-
can and Pan Agra air lines monopoly
of the foreign air transportation mar
ket. was the predominance of land
planes in all future calculations of the
companies seeking routes
With only one exception, all the COM
panies interested in establishing new
American flag air routes propose in
their applications to use land planes
in flying the oceans that were exclu-
sively the province of flying boats be-
fore the war. The single exception is
the plan of the United Nations Air Lines
to use airships of conventional de-
sign" in its operations, which must be
ruled out of operations in the imme-
diate future because craft of that type
are nonexistent.
Global Landing Fields
The common agreement of all the
air lines, including Pan American which
used flying boats almost exclusively be-
fore the war, is graphic proof of the
development of airways throughout the
world principally as result of war
demands.
One Of the reasons for use of flying
boats was that they did not require
extensive ground facilities, the safety
factor actually being secondary al
though important from the point of
view Of passenger psychology. However,
the demand for speedy transportation
in the war effort has necessitated a
global system of landing fields, weather
stations and communications networks
that would have taken many years to
establish under peacetime conditions
and which makes possible operations
by land planes on routes on which
only the slower flying boats would have
been practicable a few years ago.
AAF Developments
This common agreement is also &C
acknowledgement of the foresight of the
Army Air Forces, which had its own
reasons for developing land planes for
the worldwide air line now operated
by the Air Transport Command and
persisted in concentrating on that type
Of planes despite considerable popular
pressure.
Back in 1912, when German U-boats
were sinking 100000 or more tons of
Allied shipping a month, campaign
was launched to fool the enemy by
building airplanes to frustrate the sub
Evening star., 1945-03-04

Gen. Henry H. Arnold. chief of the Army
Air Forces, dealing with the subject. He
said:
I'VE haze learned many things
about Jet propulsion. The absence OF
pibration and engine noise makes for
less pilot fatigue. 1t appears that the
planes are outstandingly sate-the use
OF kerosene as fuel greatly reduces the
fire hazard, and the lo,o center OF grau-
ity facilitates bruking and aininaizes
ground looping. The jet engine is OF
Evening star., 1945-03-04
still secret, yet it is certainly factor
Of vital If unknown proportions in future
planning.

a.
Of vital If unknown proportions In future
planning.
Aviation in Russia
Another immeasurale factor is Russia.
In the map of Air Transport Command
routes, the Soviet Union Is large,
blank expanse, the only large area other
than enemy countries. over which 1t
does not operate, except for special mis-
sions of which there have been several.
. Before the war, the Russians were
keenly interested in long-range aviation.
evidenced by their flights over the
North Pole in 1887. They manufactured
some American types of planes under
license and ar. known to have large
reservoir OF capable transport pilots.
With huge country to be developed
after the war, and a vast aviation In
dustry capable of supplying experienced
personnel, 1t is expected that aviation
in the Soviet Union will advance a.
rapidly as can be expected here.
Probably because Russia did not par
ticipate in the recent international avia-
ton conference in Chicago, her position
is not on record and few Of the ap-
plicants at the CAB hearings plotted
Russian stops on their routes. How
ever, Russia is expected to participate
in the world expansion of all routes fol-
lowing the war on give-and-take basis
and share in the future development
of travel by air.
International Agreements
The part to be played by American
aviation, however, will be only one part
of a much larger program. Other coun-
tries, too, have plans for developing
world airways. With Canada we already
have signed reciprocal agreement to
expand present facilities as soon as war
demands are relaxed and Trans-Canada
Airlines, its government owned and op-
Grated agency, which has made a major
contribution to the Dominion's war
effort, will be in a position to expand
Its services over both adjacent oceans
with a minimum period for conversion
to peacetime needs
The British Overseas Airways also has
laid plans to resume its service inter.
rupted by the war and Australia, which
like Canada, has created an aviation
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-25

Senate are Methodists.
am assured however, that this is purely acc
dental and does not mean that one denomination
has legislative edge over the other. II just hap
pened that way. Representatives and Senators
insist it might just as easily have been pair Of
Baptists.,
The cleric who daily invokes guidance for the
House of Representatives is the Rev. James Shera
Montgomery former Pastor Of the Metropolitan
Methodist Church here. The spiritual mentor of
the Senate is the Rev. Frederick Brown Harris,
Pastor of the Foundry Methodist Church. an old
Washington institution
Both cergymen are highly thought OF around
the Capitol They keep sectarianism strictly out
Of their governmental shepherding In fact, when
ever they are forced to be absent from their duties
on Capitol Hill they make practice of inviting
pastors Of other faiths 10 substitute for them
Dr. Harris says he isn't very strong for sec
tartan arguments anyway. He was telling about
a couple of preachers-one Methodist, the other
Presbyterian-wh got into an involved debate
on theology in which the Methodist brought in
predestination and assorted tenets. The Presby
teTian listened patiently for long time then said
We'll, I'd just soon be Presbyterian and
know I'm going to hell as be Methodist and not
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-25

same legislative day next morning and for every
day thereafter until the particular legislation is
disposed Of
This provides some anomalous situations. FOl
instance, the Senate had only four legislative days
the first six months of 1888 although II was in
session all The time. The Legislative days were
January 3. January 5, April 20 and June 7.
January S to April 20 was a single legislative
day although it was los days on the calendar.
Opening prayers in the Senate so few
and far between in 1893 and 1899 that former
Senator Matthew NJ. Nicely, Of West Virginia
who has since worked his way down 10 a Repre-.
Sentative-introduced a measure 10 have prayers
every day. II was passed unanimously
Representative Carl Vinson, Of Georgia, is
pretty autocratc about the way he runs the House
Naval Affairs Committee, OF which he is Chair.
man Frequently he tries to rush measures
through without taking his colleagues the
Committee into his confidence.
Recently he ratified off motion announced
he all for it, and called for an immediate
vote Representative F. Edward Hebert, OF Lousi.
ana, protested that he hadn't quite understood
the motion whereupon the tall cowboyshlo looking
Representative Lyndon B. Johnson, Of Texas got
up and drawled
I'm going to play II safe. I'm voting with
the Chairman. I want to find out what this
motions about"
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-25

Know where I'm gong
Sessions of the House and Senate are opened
daily with prayer. Both Chaplains, because of
their prominence are also called upon TO open
many other functions banquets. political rallies,
diplomatic affairs.
Members OF House and Senate continually
come to DR. Harris and Or. Montgomery With
their problems, both spiritual and temporal. The
two divnes are often told how much they have
helped this and that Congressman, although Or,
Harris has always been bit dubious about com.
pimert paid by a Senator who told the clergyman
his prayers we're like spiritual cocktail"
He is also a mite doubtful about another Sen
ator who buttonholed him and said: II have
very grave criticism to make Of your prayers,
Dr. Harris said he was sorry to hear that and
asked why
Because" said the Senator, they do so much
for me in d spiritual way that don't feel have
to go TO church any more"
Dr. Harris has long been close to President
Truman who you will doubtless recall used 10
be a Senator The preacher visited the White
House recently and the President picked up
copy OF the Congressional Record
Il always begin my day by reading your
prayer" said Mr. Truman. so you see, you're
still my pastor"
Or. Harris has been the Senate Chaplain only
three years but Or Montgomery has been in the
House a quarter Of century.
The latter said he always wears crucifix. He
recalled that one day the late William Bankhcad
Speaker of the House, said
"Dr. Montgomery, I'm glad to see that you
wear a cross. I'm Methodist, too, and always
carry cross"
DR.. Montgomery said tins provided the inspna
ton for sermon he has delivered many time
since THE Hidden Crosses Of Life"
The House has always opened with prayer
every day But the Senate only began the prac
tice on February 2l 1899
Previously, the Senate only had prayer at the
opening of legislative day, and there is a vast
difference between a legislative day and calen.
dar day If major piece Of legislation is under
consideration, the Senate Tecesses at night in.
stead of adjourning meaning that it is still the
t,.,..Il 4sy-. Mus it4rD,rs sbi,ai,
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-25

ASHINGTON-A monopoly exists in
the Capitol but seriously doubt that
the Antitrust Division Of the Depart.
ment Of Justice will do anything about
it. The Chaplains Of both House and
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-25

I'D rother know where
I'm going" he declared.
The Coolidge examiner., 1945-09-07
Last Rites Held
For John A. White
Here on Sunday

Funeral services were held Sun
day from Cole and Maud chapel for
John Alexander White. sc. who
passed away at Florence hospital
August 80. He had been in III
health for some time.
Mr.. White was born May II. 1909.
In Bell county. Texas. and came 10
Arizona while still a small boy to
make his home. lie came TO Cool
idge In 1887 and during the follow
ing five years owned and operated
The Pinal Machine Works here.
in 1912 he sold out and moved TO
Phoenix. where he started Whites
Flying Service al SkygfIarbor air
port His school trained both
civilian and prospective army fly
ers.
Due 10 Ill health Mr.. White sold
his flying service and returned TO
Coolidge. where he re-established
himself in his former business.
The deceased Is survived by his
small son, Maurice Allen White. his
mother. Mrs. w. A. Tomlinson OF
Phoenix. sister. Mrs. George Son
eff OF Compton. California. and a
brother. Russell Earl White OF
Coolidge.
Interment was In Valley Memoir
ial Park.
The Coolidge examiner., 1945-09-07
Guest Day to Mark
First Meeting of
The Desert Club

Each member of the Desert Wo-
mans Club has been requested to
bring a guest to the clubs opening
meeting of the season, which Will
be held Friday, September IA, ac-
cording to announcement of Mrs.
Steve Christensen president. The
meeting will be marked by a pot
luck luncheon at the home Of Mrs.
H. L. Holland with Mrs. Rudolph
Peters as co-hostess. Mrs. E. ID.
Chandler will be program chairman.
1t has been the custom of the club
since its organization 25 years ago
for the seasons first roll call to
be answered by members with a
brief resume of Vacation High
lights"
No membership committee has
been appointed for this year, when
the initial guest meeting will serve
as an introduction for new mem
bers,
The Coolidge examiner., 1945-09-07
Student Increase
Is Recorded by
Coolidge Schools
Glasses shortened for first
week in Difference to heat.
Bus requirements denied
by ODT office.

With an increased enrolment for
the 1915 year Coolidge schools
scheduled short day sessions for
the first week of operation be-
cause of the intense heat. Schools
closed at 2:30 each afternoon. Bus
ses, as school officials had predict.
ed, are severely crowded. accord
ing to r, w. Taylor. school super
intendent.
Expecting an increase in Cool
idge school enrolment the schools
had provided money for bus re-
placement In the yearly budget.
An application made to the ODT
office in Phoenix was turned down
however.
A bus had already been located
at the time the application was
made. Taylor says. A school bus
manufacturer indicated that a bus
such as Coolidge needs was avail
able.
Without a replacement bus 1t Is
necessary to attempt to keep In
operation one of the old busses
which Is very small. The bus
which the schools expected TO put in
operation this fall was a large
unit which would have relieved
the oyercrowding in school busses.
The first regular day of school
saw 204 students enrolled at the
highschool. During the first month
last year. Taylor states. high school
enrolment was 1872.
The elementary schools report
700 students enrolled for the first
days school The Coolidge ele-
mentary schools have registered
more than i50 students in excess
OF the number enrolled last year.
The increase In school enroll
ment was felt at the cafeteria
where on the first day of operation,
$50 students were fed. This means
that more than go per cent of all
students attending Coolidge schools
ate their noondoy meal at the new
cafeteria on Wednesday. Though
II Is believed that this number
may decline In the future the new
cafeteria Is evidently a facility def
initely needed by the Coolidge
schools.
Coolidge cOlored school opening
is delayed until Monday, superin-
tendent Taylor reports Though
the well at the school Is finished.
difficulty in obtaining a pump IS
being experienced.
The Coolidge examiner., 1945-09-07
Brannon Brothers
Hold Reunion Here

The homecoming this week OF
Gordon Brannon. Gunners Mate
First Class, after many months
service in the Southwest Pacific.
was the occasion OF family re-
union at the home of his parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. II. G. Brannon. He
and his two brothers, Howard and
Lloyd Brannon. both of whom have
now received their service dis
charges. were together for the
first time in five years. Complet-
ing the party were Mrs. Howard
Brannon. Mrs. Lloyd Brannon and
Miss Betty Kistler of Redondo
Beach, California. who is visiting
at the Brannon home.
Gordon, a member OF the U. S.
Coast Guards. has served in the
Southwest Pacific since February
OF 1914. He has been awarded the
Asiatic Pacific Bar with four battle
stars. the Philippine Liberation Bar
with two battle stars. the American
Theater Ribbon and the Good Con-
duct Medal. He entered service
in September of 1912 and has par
ticipated in twelve invasions.