davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20
From The Desk
Melvin Schultz
President,
Local IL, UAW.ClO

Under the National War Labor Board, we
next find Union Observation-Disclosures
Membership.
A maintenance -of-membership formula has
been developed as comprise of the contro-
versial closed shop versus open shop question.
The only time the Board awards main
ance-of-membership is in cases where the
Union is responsible and holds to its no strike
pledge, has elections open to its members and
makes audited financial reports to its men,
bers.
The worker is effected by the standard
enance-of-membership provision adopted
by the Board as follows:
/. A worker is free to join or not to join
a Union.
2. The union, its officers and members
shall not intimidate or force employees into
joining the union continuing their member
ship therein.
3. A l5-day escape clause" gives union
member chance to get out of the union if
he so desires and still keep his job.
4. At the end of the 15-day period all en-
ployees who are members of the Union and
all those who become members after that date
are required as condition of employment to
maintain their membership in good standing
in the Union.
5. Maintenance e-of-membership usually ap-
plies only for the duration of the contract and
upon renewal, the same 15-day escape pc
riod" contained in the previous order or agree
ment is allowed
The National War Labor Board, also, has
constantly emphasized to the Union and its
members, the Importance of maintaining war
production. The principal which has been de-
veloped to attain this objective is that there
shall be no consideration of case while work
ers are on strike
During wartime, collective bargaining must
be conducted within the framework of the
general policies announced in the decisions
and the general orders of the National War
Labor Board. However details of agreement
should be settled through the normal channels
of collective bargaining and should not be
brought before the Board. Many times, minor
issues have been referred back to the parties
for settlement
Also, stressed by the Board, is the sane
tity of contracts arrived at through collective
bargaining.
Prompt settlement of grievances within
plants and without reference to the Board is
encouraged. In many cases, the parties are
directed by the Board to choose arbitrator,
impartial chairman or umpire to finally de-
termine grievances.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20

Secretary of Labor Lewis Schwellen-
bach, on his new job just one week, did
not lose any time in slapping the CIO by
asking for and receiving the appointment
of Edward Carl Moran, Jr., insurance man
and former Democratic congressman from
Maine.
At the time of President Roosevelts
death, Secretary Frances Perkins had no.
minated John Gibson, Michigan CIO pre-
sident, for the post. Naturally, CIO felt
that if not Gibson, then surely some other
CIO member should be named as second
assistant secretary. This feeling is height
ened by the fact that Dan Tracy of the
AFL already has been appointed.
The nomination of Moran and re-
lection of Gibson cannot be construed as
anything but rebuff and rejection of
the CIO, an error for which the labor Sc
cretary will have to answer as his admin
istration gets going down the rough road
of cutbacks and layoffs.
Perhaps Secretary Schwellenbach
doesn't realize it, but he has taken it upon
himself to hand slap to CIO which will
surely draw upon his the wrath of large
section of the workers of the country and
make hard row trifle more difficult
1t looks like the new secretary is going to
learn things the hard way.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20
Editors Mail
Divide and Conquer

"Divide and Conquer" has
been well recognized as a
maxim for ages.
That means divide the other
fellow but don't divide your
self.
Armies in the field have
proven that a united force
with every squad and division
co-ordinated and working to-
gether is hard to beat while
a scattered and divided army
is soon "mopped up"
BY the same principle
Unions become a strong and
effective force for the work.
ers in a community by band
ing together and uniting for
their common interests. Tole-
do is a strong labor town to-
day because this truth has
been put into action.
Employers also recognize
this principle and group to-
gether into Chambers of Com
merce, National Associations
of Manufacturers and other
associations representing "big
and little business" on a COM
munity and nationwide basis,
and these groups have proved
effective in advancing the en-
ployer's interest and blocking
the progress of labor organ
izations.
1t was probably natural,
therefore, as the employers
organized their Chambers of
Commerce and allied organ
izations in Toledo, that labor
also grouped itsel| together
for their common interest and
security. Amalgamations of
plant unions were formed
under the banner of the UAW-
CIO, the leading Union in the
city, to better fight the forces
of reaction.
One outstanding example of
this is Local No. IL, an ANAL
gamated local charred by
unions at Auto-Lite, Bingham,
Spicer, Dura, Willys-Over-
land and one or two other
plants, Through long struggle
and effort it stands today as
the fourth largest local in our
great International Union
composing some sc 900 mem
bers and some sixty shops. 1t
has been built on a sound foun-
dation and by virtue of the
tiring work of its officers and
membership, it is today an
effective force in the commu-
nifty, admired and respected
by its friends and feared by
its enemies.
ANO AONdl uIllOli IdIl DC DIS
proud as Local II with its
many accomplishments and
services which it has provided
for its Units if they choose to
avail themselves of opportuni-
ties offered by Local IL. 1t
has given a voice to labor in
the community with its news
paper and weekly radio pro-
grams. Employment services,
recreational and educational
facilities, welfare and tech
nical services and a beauti-
full labor hall that is the finest
in the state of Ohio providing
benefits that few other unions
can boast.
1t is only natural that the
industrialists and the Chamber
o. Commerce have long hoped
to see such an effective labor
organization split up and dis
organized. 1t would d mean
thousands of dollars in their
pockets to destroy such a
union that has proved It's
ability in electing labor men
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20

to public office and to deal
effectively with the employer.
However m a n 6 e m e n Us
frontal attacks cannot destroy
us. 1t is only by steadily
fostering the forces of disrup-
ton and disunity in our own
ranks; forces that would split
up our Union to further their
own selfish interests. That is
the last hope of the employer
to accomplish our ruin.
1t is this element in our
union which we must guard
and be forever watchful and
vigilant, that they do not ac-
complish their fell purpose,
United we stand divided we
fall.
Ralph Brown,
uto-Lite Unit member.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20

'The Four Freedoms of common humanity
are as much elements of mans needs as air
and sunlight, bread AMI salt. Deprive him of
all these Freedoms and he dies-deprive him
of part of them and part of him withers
Give them to him in full and abundant meas
ure and he will cross the threshold Of new
age, the greatest age of man"
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Flag Day
Message, June IA, 1912
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20
Who Is Controlled?

When the war started, nearly every
body recognized the need for control over
materials, food, prices, wages and profits.
Government in order to bring about
these controls created the War Produc-
ton Board, the War Labor Board and the
Office of Price Administration to control
materials, wages and prices, while the
President by executive order limited net
incomes to $4,000 annually.
Control, while it was not perfect was
far more equitable than it is today after
AZ months of war.
Congress showing its concern for the
profit system legislated out the presi-
dents executive order limiting income,
vet, at no time since then has any con-
gressional concern been shown for the
wages of the workers despite the very
obvious fact that living costs have been
constantly mounting ever since the begin
ming of the war.
Today, the War Production Board is
beginning to lift some of the material re-
strictions, profits are unlimited and at the
highest point in the history of the coun-
try, executive salaries have reached new
highs, price raises are granted by OPA
after the profit takers show that their
profits are being interfered with; but
wages remain constant and the War La
Dor Board valiantly resists the demands
of the workers for realistic approach
to the problem of living under a constant
ly increasing price structure.
So today we face the situation of con-
troll in an entirely new light. Control
which began as sort of bilateral system,
now is SO one-sided that the workers are
rising all over the country and demand
ing that they too be granted relief in the
way of wage increases.
It is foolish to suppose that the peo-
pie who are dependent upon their wages
and salaries are going to indefinitely con-
tinue to stand for rigid controls over
their means of living when no similar
control has been exercised over those
whose incomes are derived from profits.
And as the workers contemplate the
inequities of the situation, they are con-
stantly reminded of their plight by the
Iooseness of the controls exercised over
price by the OPA. Here again is an Illus
tration of the inequalities of control for
OPA while holding the line on some
things, has been exceedingly willing to
grant price increases which it almost
constantly blames on wage increases.
When the economic history of this
war is written, and it is being written
daily by events, it will be discovered
that the war has been a period of rigid
controls of the workers for the benefit of
those who have profited and will conti-
nue. to profit from the war. 1t will be
seen that labor's no-strike pledge, while
basically correct was given without strik-
ing an equitable bargain with those who
control the economic life of the country
and that as consequence, labor will pay
for its mistake until the last gun is fired
There is only enc control-that of the
workers through control over wages and
prices.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-07-20
On The
Beam
By
Clayton w,
Fountain


against the notion that we
can plan for peace with the
same courage and imagination
shown in our prosecution of
the war.
Industrialists, bankers, edi-
tors and politicians are spout
in chin music a mile minute
to prove that it cannot be
done.
To prove their point, the
plutocrats have trotted out a
professor by the name of
Hayek who has written book
which charges that, if we put
our noggins together and dope
out a way to harness all our
machinery and provide plenty
for everybody, we shall all
wind up as slaves.
When we talk about full
employment, the plutocrats
wave Hayek under our noses
and scream at us: do you
want to be a slave?"
So we are presented with a
phoney argument which seem
ingly gives a choice between
unemployment and slavery-a
modern economic version of
the devil and the deep blue
sea.
The argument is phoney be-
cause it fails to point out that
both roads are roads to slave
ry.
Our plutocratic mentors
forget that their private en-
terprise philosophy had it's
chance in Germany, and fail
ed-and, that in the throes of
its failure, it sucked the Ger
man people into the Hitlerian
system of slavery.
We must never let 1t be for
gotten that the plutocrats of
Germany-the industrialists,
bankers, editors and politi-
clans hired by them-per-
mitted Hitler to take them by
the hand and lead them into
the long dark nightmof Nazi
terror. ~
They thought they knew
where they were going, these
plutocrats who shelled out the
dough to pay the fare for the
ride to Nazidom. They thought
that Hitler would take them
to a land where there would
be no unions, no labor po-
litical activity, and no iscien-
tific planners to meddle with
the capitalistic system.
But Hitler crossed the fat
boys up. He took them down
a different road; and they
woke up too late to find out
that it was the wrong road.
When the Nazi system really
got going, and Hitler no longer
worried about getting funds
for his machine, he cracked
down on the plutes, too.
Oh, he freed the plutocrats
from the unions, the left-wing
politicos and the scientific
planners, all right. But he
gave them the Gestapo, in
stead.
And, if the fat boys failed
to obey Hitler's orders, they
got it in the neck, the same
as the unionist, the leftists
and the planers.
But these guys who yell
that overall economic plan
ming must inevitably lead to
dictatorship and slavery are
liars-all of them.
There are ample facts avail
able in the world to show up
their lies.
Swe den and Denmark,
through co-ops and public
ownership, mostly planed by
governments dominated by
labor, have set up economic
systems in which overall plan
ming eliminates the worst
evils of capitalism
There is no slavery in
Sweden, and there was none
in Denmark until the Nazis
came.
Australia and New Zealand,
under la bor governments,
have put through legislation
designed to promote social Sc
curity-and there are no
slaves in these two countries.
The sure road to slavery is
the road of unemployment,
depression and dictatorship,
as travelled by Germany-and
we shall drift down that trail,
too, unless we plan demo-
cratically to avoid 1T.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
CIO and AL
Agree On w. u.
Case

WASHINGTON, March 5 -
(LPA) = An unpre e dented
agreement has been reached be-
tween the AFL and the Ameri-
can Communications Assn-CIO,
the Natl. Labor Relations Board
announced last week.
The AFL, which won collec-
tive bargaining rights for West
ern Union employees in six of
seven regions in nationwide bal
loting last month, and the CIO
which won in one, cJncurred in
three point understanding
which is designed to smooth la
bor relations in the industry.
One point of the agreement
prohibits discrimination by eth
er union because of prior mem
bership in the other. A second
provides that each union "agrees
that in the unit or units in
which it lost an election, it will
recognize the right of the ma
jority union to represent such
employees in such unit or collec-
tive bargaining purposes and
will not attempt to bargain with
the company as a separate mi
nority.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
On Taxes
By Ruth Taylor

There is one sentence of Dan
Tobin's that has stuck in my
memory ever since l first heard
it. The fellow to be pitied in
the tax game is the one who has
no tax to pay"
Think of that when you try to
figure out what you still owe!
Taxes are but a cheap price for
what we still enjoy. What are
they but the cost of our liberty?
No where else in the world
are men as free as they are here.
No where else are the demands
upon the people so light. And
those demands we set ourselves.
Each one thinks his problems
are the greatest. Each one thinks
that the current in which he
lives is the whole ocean. 1t is
we'll that we pause and remem-
Der the sufferings of our brother
workers overseas before we
complain of the demands laid
upon us. Men who have lost eV-
erything have nothing left with
which to pay taxes. They are the
ones to be pitied.
Surely we don't any Of us like
taxes, But this is our country.
Slaves do not pay taxes. They
work at the behest and for the
b efit of others. The con-
quered do not pay taxes-they
give tribute. Only free men are
taxed. Only free men can sup
port the government that is
their own.
Never king dropped out of
the clouds" No tyranny starts
without someone paving the
way. Taxes are our insurance
against tryann,'. Taxes are what
we the people pay for safety, for
the rights of all men, A govern
ment of the people, by the peo-
plea government Of freedom
needs the support of all the
people. There are no privileged
few when it comes to taxes. The
right to pay for his own govern
ment is the right of every free
born man.
Freedom claims an active ef-
fort from each citizen-We have
no Individual rights that are not
in some sense modified by the
demand for collective might and
victory. The success of the eff
forts Of our cause will be depen-
dent more upon our willingness
to make sacrifices to back them
up than upon the perfection of
any machinery. Taxes, freely
and cheerfully paid-are proof
of our sincerity of purpose.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
Unions Are Useful
NiSei Discover

SALT LAKE CITY, March 5
LPA)-The American citizens
of japanese ancestry who have
been moved from the west coast
by the Army are developing
new views on unions. In previ-
Gus years, the Japanese-Ameri-
can workers on the coast have
been caught in a squeeze" be-
tween the unions and the en-
ployers, says an editorial in
THE Utah Nippo," Nisei paper
published here. -
I'm the years gone by, becausl
labor un ions Disseminated
against persons of japanese an
cestry, there was little thought
of joining the movement. Today,
however, the Nisei are working
in plants where collective bar
gaining power is in the hands of
unions. Under such conditions,
it is obvious that the Nisei can
not remain Indifferent" the edi-
torial states.
Even though the worker may
be at one place for a short
period" the article points out"
the union card will entitle him
to call at the union headquarters
in any city he may move to and
ask for help in finding employ
ment. There is little doubt that
he has much to gain by becomz~
ing member. A working NiseF
must cast his lot with his fellow
workers"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
Legion Proposes
Firing Workers
Continued from Page

Government officials who
have been struggling with plans
for gradual reconversion of in
dustry and a smooth transition
to peacetime economy were ap-
palled by the idea.
A War Labor Board official
who asked not to be named
pointed out that if the Legion's S
scheme were put into opera
ton, strike wave after strike
wave would be inevitable. "If
a farm boy, who always wanted
to live in the city. decides that
he wants an industrial job, but
has no training-do you imagine
that the worker who has stood
at the machine for five years is
going to accept his dismissal slip
and then stay on to train the
new man for several Weeks?" he
asked.
Union leaders pointed out
that there is hardly a union in
the country which has not made
concrete provision for its mem
bers who have gone into the
armed forces. The vast majority
of unions have demanded and
frequently obtained contracts
stipulating that a member accu-
mulates seniority in his job for
whatever period he remains in
the service. In addition, scores
Of unions provide that veterans,
who were not members before,
shall become union members
without payment of any initia-
ton fees.
If the Legion were less con-
cerned about self-promotion in
such stunts as this" said one
union leader, "and more con-
cerned about a program for full
postwar employment, III e y
wouldn't have to worry about
jobs for returning veterans.
Screwball schemes like this one
don't serve the veteran in the
long run. They bring him back,
not to peace, but to the dog-eat-
dog world Of the depression
days."
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
BoIIord Seeks
Skilled Worker
Wdqe Increases

Charles Ballard attached to
the office of Regional Director
Gosser announced this week
that wage increases for skilled
workers was step nearer as a
result of a hearing in Cleveland
between representatives of the
Greater Toledo Tool, Die &
Maintenance Council and the
War Labor Board.
According to Mr.. Ballard, an
opening was provided to nego-
tiate for Is cents over the
sound and tested rates in the
findings of the U. S. Labor
of Statistics which made a sur
vey of rates in so shops in the
Toledo area at the requests of
the Toledo Council.
At the same time the an
nouncement was made of the
WLB hearing, Mr.. Ballard re-
ported that the Bullet Core
workers at the WillysOverland
plant had received retroactive
pay amounting to nearly $4,000
benefitting $40 workers.
Mr.. Ballard explained that
the Bullet Core back pay in
volved workers who had been
employed in the department
prior to the expiration of last
years contract and does not
apply to those in the depart
ment since it has resumed pro-
duction.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-03-09
News Programs
Prove Hostile
TO Labor

NEW YORK, March 6 (LPA)
Organized labor received dis
tinctly hostile treatment by ra-
dio news and commentating pro-
grams during the 1914 election
period, a survey published in
the March issue of the magazine
Common Sense" has disclosed.
An analysis of the top 33 net
work news and comment pro-
grams with total of 665 in
dividual broadcasts showed that
For every discussion approving
l,bor on moral grounds, there
were almost five that disapprov-
ed" The actual count was: Fa-
vorable-22; Unfavorable-105;
Neutral-14; Balanced-25.
The five leading anti-labor
commentators, Common Sense"
found. were Fulton Lewis Jr.,
Henry Taylor, Baukhage, Ray
Henle and Morgan Beatty.
Lewis, in II broadcasts, dis
cussed labor unfavorably 13
times, favorably once, neutral
twice and balanced (mentions
for and against) once. Morgan
Beatty in II broadcasts was un-
favorable in II, favorable in
one, neutral in two and balanced
in two"
NRC Worst Offender
Breaking down the total re-
suits according to networks, the
magazine revealed the "NBC
carried more anti-labor men
tions, primarily because Of the
broadcasts of Morgan Beatty;
Mutual was second, the Blue
ne. work third and Columbia
making the best showing of all.
In percentages: 70 percent of the
references on NBC were anti
labor; 81 percent Of the refer
encs on the Blue network were
anti-labor; so percent of the ref
erences on Columbia were anti
labor"
The commentators who were
fair to labor the analysis show
ed, were Drew Pearson, Ray
mond Swing, Walter Winchell,
Cecil Brown, Arthur Hale, War
rem Sweeney and Gabriel Heat
ter