Evening star., 1945-04-08

Two-score of the worlds smaller ma
tions are clamoring for changes in the
Dumbarton Oaks security plan. Their
demands will put the craftsmanship OF
the United States, Russia and Britain
to a severe test at San Francisco.
No authority here expects the San
Francisco Conference opening April %
to fail outright and openly.
But none denies it could produce an
international organization designed to
preserve peace which in fact would not
be able to preserve peace.
The sponsoring powers-Britain, Rus
sia the United States and China-Wlll
go to San Francisco supporting the
league they blueprinted last fall at
Dumbarton Oaks.
That blueprint as amended at the
Yalta Conference, calls for an associa-
ton of peace-loving nations spearheaded
by a Security Council made up of repre-
sentatives of II nations. The ii would
always include all o fthe five big
powers"-the United States, Russia,
Britain, France and China, and six
smaller nations, elected for tWo-year
terms.
Must Adopt Charter.
The leagues purpose would be TO pre-
vent war by peaceful means. II this fails
the council would be authorized to ap-
ply economic penalties or call on league
members to send troops against ma
ton which attacks another
What the San Francisco Conference
is expected to adopt is charter for
this league. The charter must be ap-
proved by the home governments OF each
delegation before that nation becomes
q member.
The sponsoring powers have broadly
agreed to defend their plan against any
sweeping changes.
Yet they cannot jam it down the
throats of the other countrieS-partlcu-
larly countries like France, Canada and
Brazil-without booming it ahead OF
time to the fate of the League of Ma
tions.
Here are the three main issues which
the San Francisco conferees may chew
over for long time:
/. The smaller nations want more
power in the proposed world organlza-
ton than the Dumbarton Oaks plan
would give them.
2. Some of the smaller nations want
regional groups of countries authorized
to use force to keep peace.
3. Some delegates want the world Or
ganization to be more flexible so that
1t can grow and change with the years.
Proposed Changes.
Of these, the first will pose the
single most critical problem of states
manship. Here is an authoritative
analysis of the major types of changes
which have been requested by one or
another of the smaller nations under
point No. L.
A. Increase the power and authority
of the proposed general assembly of
the United Nations, to which all league
members would belong. The Oaks
plan makes it chiefly debating So
ciety except for promotion of social and
economic developments.
B. Change the size and composition
of the Security Council, in which all
real power of the organization as now
proposed would be vested. The council
could order a country which might not
be a council member to send forces
against an aggressor. Some OF the
middle-sized nations like Canada and
Brazil do not like this possibility. To
help avoid it, they would require that
nations elected to temporary council
seats be not just any countries, but
countries capable of helping keep the
peace.
C. Specifically modify the authority
of the Security Council. This would be
q direct attack on the issue raised un-
der B.
The United States would not let an