davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-06-30

SAN FRANCISCO.-The United Ma
tions Conference closed here on a note
of friendly feeling If this same feeling
can be maintained by the representa-
tives of the so nations which assembled
here-and the by their peoples-the sue
cess of this great undertaking is assured.
The machinery for promoting inter-
national peace and security has been
set up, after two months of solid work
by the delegates of the United Nations.
Each nation contributed its share to
the Charter. No nation had its way
in the final solution of the many prob
lens that cropped up. 1t was the ability
to give and take about the conference
table that won out in the end.
G. Myrrdin Evans of the British dele
cation, at one Of the final commission
sessions, spoke what many of the dele
gates have felt No machinery, how
motive power The only thing that will
finally prevent war is change in the
minds and hearts of men" In the same
vein DR.. Carl j. Hambro, president of
the Norwegian Parliament and last
president of the League of Nations
Assembly. said. What is needed most
is not new machinery, Out Cnange OF
heart Even the most perfect inter
national constitution can no more give
mankind security than the very best
plough in itself can make farming
success
During the weeks of the conference
a group-not in any way officially con-
nected with the international gathering
was at work in San Francisco. This
was the moral re-armament group,
headed by Dr. Frank Buchanan. The
work of the group in past years was
familiar to many of the delegates, al
though to the great majority it was
something new That it had its meas
ure of effect on the conference itself
is the testimony given by several of
the leaders of conference delegations.
1t made its influence felt through the
presentation of a play, The Forgotten
Factor" given several times. to which
members of 30 or more of the so dele
cations came.
Primarily this play is intended to aid
Evening star., 1945-06-30

Diplomats representing the Western
European countries in Washington are
privately expressing the great concern
Of. their governments over the dangers
of withdrawal Of American forces from
the continent.
They tell their American friends that
If all our troops, which are now across
the Atlantic were withdrawn within the
next year, they have no doubt that the
entire continent would become a de-
pendency of Russia or be plunged into
a state of complete anarchy.
According to announced plans of the
administration, an American force of
about 100000 men is earmarked to re-
main in Germany Tor an indefinite pc
riod as an army of occupation. The rest
of the men-about $500, ,O00-are sched-
uled to return to the United States or
be sent to the Pacific.
The Europeans seem satisfied with the
presence OF that token force" because
they fully realize that in the event of
real trouble-which they do not rule out
in spite Of the provisions of the San
Francisco Charter-the American Gov
ernment will be compelled to support its
men by sending additional reinforce
ments across the Atlantic.
X
In many responsible military quar-
ters. however, 1t is felt that the presence
OF a medium force" in Europe can
serve no good purpose. Control of the
American occupied zone in Germany
does not require that much strength.
At this time the Germans are pretty
we'll cowed and not likely to give any
trouble. Moreover, the occupation of
Germany by American troops is not
intended to last indefinitely. AS soon
as peace conference is held-and
President Truman expects to make the
necessary arrangements for such a con-
ference at the forthcoming meeting of
the Big Three-and the new boundaries
of Europe are formally traced there can
be no valid reason for keeping Amer
ican soldiers in Europe
All Army of 100000 men, according to
high-ranking military leaders, is too
large to get out of troubles way. yet is
too small to take care of difficult
situation should one arise
In order to meet any emergency which
many OF the European spokesmen seem
to have in mind We would need an army
of at least 100000 men on the con-
tinent. The maintenance of such a
large force is out of the question. The
people of the United States do not
wish to keep such large force abroad
and the administration has no inten-
tion of doing so.
Since the temporary occupa ton of
relatively small area of Germany does
not require many troops, there is a
growing tendency among some of the
policy trainers in Washington to re-
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Carrying Out q Bargain

1t is gratifying to note the dis
position at the Municipal Building
Immediately to seek the funds nee
eSsary to make up the difference
between the condemnation jury's
valuation of the branch library site
between Macomb and Newark streets
NV, on Connecticut avenue. and
the money in hand to acquire it.
The jury awarded a price of
$74,459, compared with the 100000
available to meet it. Half of this
sum, it will be recalled, was raised
by unique campaign conducted
under leadership of the Connecticut
Avenue Citizens Association. The
other half was made available by
Congress, provided the citizens met
their goal.
The formality of study of the
iury's verdict by the District Real
Estate Board must, of course, be
complied with. But there can be
only one result. The difference
must be paid from public funds, and
promptly, to keep faith with the
citizens who so successfully COM
pleted their unusual undertaking in
meeting their part of the bargain.
For the situation here is not merely
the acquisition of desirable library
site 1t is acquisition of site
which citizens in the Cleveland Park
neighborhood have regarded for
years as the site for the branch
library. The money-raising cam
paign by the citizens was under
taken in the fear that the site was
about to be developed for purposes
which would be obnoxious. And
once utilized for such purposes, the
library site would be out of the
question.
Budget Officer Walter L. Fowler
suggests that the District may be
able to dig up S14459 from unex-
pended appropriations available for
library site purchase. If not, the
Commissioners undoubtedly will
move quickly to ask that the money
be appropriated. There should be
no further question, now, over COM
pleting the deal and making the
site available for the branch library.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
The SimIu Conference

Inc announcement bQaC JQe COn-
ference between Viscount Wavell
Britain's Viceroy. and Indian leaders
at Simla in the Himalayan foothills,
has been adjourned until July IA is
a source of disappointment. The
mere fact that this meeting was
being held had been regarded as a
good omen. But according to reports
from New Delhi it has foundered,
temporarily at least, on the old OBJ
stacle of disagreement between Con-
gress party and Moslem League
leaders.
Three years ago, when Sir Staf-
ford Cripps came out from Britain
with his offer of enlarged political
powers for Indians, he was unable
to bring the main factions together
at all. The Congress party started
a "nonco-operation" movement,
deemed seditious by the British au-
thorities, especially in wartime, and
India has since been governed vir-
tually by decree, with most of the
Congress leaders in jail.
The end of the war in Europe and
the elimination of the japanese in
vasion threat by the reconquest of
Burma have moved the British gov
ernment to take advantage of this
vastly improved situation to try and
break the political deadlock which
has prevailed in India for the past
three years. The new British offer
is, in essence, an extension of the
Cripps plan. Admittedly an interim
arrangement, designed to smooth
the path toward the enlarged "do-
minion" status envisaged by Britain
after the war. it does not meet, or
attempt to meet. Indian demands
for full self-government Immediate
ly. The Hindu-dominated Congress
party continues to set forth its
claims for virtual independence,
while its chief rival the Moslem
League, reiterates it's insistence upon
the safeguarding of Mohammedan
regions in India from Hindu control.
Other elements, such as the low
caste Hindu depressed classes" and
the Sikhs, voice their grievances.
Last, but not least, the native states
under their princely dynasties jeal-
ously hold aloof Theoretically, these
conflicting viewpoints seem as ir-
reconcilable as ever and 1ndia's Pc
litical dilemma outwardly appears
as insoluble as before.
Nevertheless, the mere fact that
the Congress and the League were
willing to meet together, with the
Viceroy, reveals a notable shift in
what may be termed the "impon-
derables" of the Indian situation
an inference which is not neces-
sarily nullified by the adjournment.
First and foremost, Britain has sur
mounted its supreme crisis. has
shown its power. and enjoys a pro-
portionately heightened prestige,
which counts so much throughout
the Orient. Secondly, "nonco-opera-
ton" has proved a failure. Even the
most militant opposition leaders
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Issue Facing the Nation
Bp Maj. George Fielding Eliot

IF World War III ever unhappily
arrives. it will open new laboratories Of
death too horrible to contemplate"
These are the words of Senator Arthur
H. Vandenberg of Michigan, member of
the United States delegation at San
Francisco, spoken to the Senate in
work of the United Nations Confer
ence. They are words which receive
terrible confirmation in news dis
patch just received from Germany,
where the technical intelligence branch
of the Army's ordnance department
has just made a report on German
development of new weapons.
We learn from that report that the
Germans were currently working on an
Improvement of the Va rocket which
would have range of from 1900 to
1900 miles, with a further develop
ment in contemplation that would en-
able New York to be attacked directly
from Europe. We learn of expert
ments looking toward the production
of a "heat weapon" which, by con-
centrating the suns rays on particular
area, would permit the wiping out of
cities, the destruction of all life and
every material object over wide ex-
panse of the earth's surface-a means
of attack against which there seems
to be no possible defense. We learn of
rockets which could be discharged from
submarines while submerged. And we
are told that there are other things
which could not be disclosed-perhaps
experiments with atomic energy, or
something else to which the lay imagi-
nation cannot extend.
There Is the issue.
1t isn't an issue which is debatab
1t is just an issue of life or death.
Humanity will survive, or it will perish,
according to it's own decision.
When Senators vote on the San Fran
cisco Charter, this Is the thought that
must be ever in their minds. When
Congress members vote on the powers
to be given to the American delegate
on the Security Council, they must never
forget the range of the rocket-bomb.
When American citizens examine the
records Of future candidates for ONCE,
they must always ask themselves-is
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Tomorrow's Toledo

Much publicity already has been
accorded what is described as "a
master plan" for rebuilding the city
of Toledo, Ohio, after the war. But
the full impact of the project will
not be felt upon the mind of the
national community until its details
have been revealed. The facts thus
far disclosed do not differ in any
very important respect from those
involved in similar schemes for the
future development of London, New
York and other cities. Improved
airport, highway and housing facil-
tiles are included in all such designs.
The circumstance that makes the
Toledo plan especially important is
it's timeliness. For two and half
years its sponsors have been at work
They have an exact scale model
ready to exhibit. Even the smallest
child, therefore, can see for himself
what changes are contemplated.
The whole tremendous composition
ought to be viewed as unit, and
the architects and engineers VINO
have created it have done we'll to
dramatize their ideas in this graphic
form.
But. of course, there is nothing
new about a model town plan per Sc.
1t is the skill with which even the
least consequential aspects of the
design are worked out that matters.
What is needed in Toledo may differ
draStlcally from what is needed in
Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
Louisville, Cleveland, Chicago, Saint
Louis, Omaha, Fort Worth and Los
Angeles. Each of these cities largely
requires to be reconstructed "to
challenge the beauty of ancient
Athens, yet be as modern as jet
propulsion and as convenient as
hotel" Riding or walking through
any one of them will convince an
average citizen that time can punish,
a town as much as war can.
The Nations Capital is not exempt
from the application of the principle
represented in the observation men,
toned. Several years ago, when
there was fear that Washington
might be bombed by the Germans,
distinguished city planner de-
clared: II wish with all my heart
that I could choose their targets for
them!" Perhaps he had in mind
certain downtown areas now covered
with out-of-date structures which
no longer justify their existence in
economic worth and which better
would be occupied with residential
buildings - cooperative apartments
of the modern garden city style
for people who then would live near
enough to their places of employ
Evening star., 1945-06-30

this mans mind sufficiently receptive to
facts to enable him to understand the
deadly peril in which an error of his
may place my life, my children, my
home?
There is no getting away from all this.
There is no use saying we shall have
better rockets, and more terrible heat
weapons, and, of course, the pendulum
between offense and defense always
swings back so that means of protection
against these things will be developed.
No doubt-but must we have the world
laid waste to prove it?
There are dangers all around us, Of
course. There are frightful means of de-
struction everywhere. There are, even
in time of peace, weapons of all sorts in
hands of our armed forces, and of the
police; there are high explosives used
for mining and quarrying; there are
deadly poisons in the hands of ply
sicians, chemists. pharmacists; the
wires along our streets carry voltages
which are capable of vast destruction.
We do not do away with these things,
but we surround them with safeguards.
We regulate the size and the control of
the armed FORCES by laws based on the
fundamental conception of the para
mountcy of the civil over the military
power. We control and regulate the
possession Of firearms, explosives and
poisons We fix by ordinance the manner
in which high-voltage cables shall be
constructed.
These things we do in our several
communities, because we realize that
the terrors man has made. man must
control or else they will destroy him.
Now in the world community we must
likewise regulate the terrors We have
made in our folly and our selfishness.
We must have the rule Of law, because
the rule of force which has hitherto
governed the relations of peoples one
with another, will destroy all peoples If
it is not brought under regulation.
On our ability to accomplish this, and
to maintain it by eternal vigilance, rests
our ability to continue to live on this
earth and enjoy the fruits thereof. The
human race survives or perishes on this
issue, the greatest that has ever faced
any generation of mankind.
tCopyright 1946)
Evening star., 1945-06-30

have nothing to show for their tao
tics except Jail sentences or the
Illustration of private life. Material
ly. India has prospered by the war,
and its business and professional ele-
ments are anxious for political tran
quillity that will enable them to
make the most of enlarged economic
opportunities. Lastly. the very fact
that the new British offer is an in
terim arrangement gives the politi-
clans a chance to save their faces
by tentative and partial co-opera-
tion with no formal remuneration
of their ultimate aims.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Shirts for the President

highly comforting piece OF
news, conScientiously transmitted to
The Star by Correspondent ]. A.
Fox, is that the President has been
able to acquire six white shirts in
Kansas City, Mo-, from his former
associate in the haberdashery busi-
ness. He also got half dozen shirts
from a newspaper publisher. Mr..
Fox does not describe their color or
texture. Perhaps they were hair
shirts, which came into vogue in the
publishing industry during the paper
shortage.
But the important news is that
the President has six new white
shirts. With commendable under
statement, Mr.. Fox said the Presi-
dent had tried unsuccessfully" to
buy the shirts himself. There are
votes in those words. For millions
of men now feel an entirely new
bond between themselves and the
Chief Executive. He, too, knows
what it is to try to buy white shirt.
He, too, knows what it is to meet
one rebuff after another-cynical
laughter from the salespeople, leers
from the floorwalkers, naughty ex-
hibitions of those abominable gar
ments known as sports shirts" by
a clerk who throws them on the
counter with a Sneering invitation
to take 'em or leave 'em.
All of us are not as fortunate as
President Truman in having friend
in the haberdashery business. But
all of us are glad the President was
able to get some shirts. They will
give him greater confidence. There
is nothing which quite so thoroughly
takes the starch out of man these
days as the shirt shortage The
President will be able to face the
Senate, on Monday, sure of himself
and of the future.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Song for q Summer Nioht

Open your ,oindo,D to the night.
Look up. Regard the skies
Flooded With stars
To kindle your t1po eyes.
NotD day Is shut atDay.
Color and light and sound
That held you bound are gone.
The garden wtere you udlked
Becomes tideless sea;
The grass blur below shadop- tres.
But notD the moon emerges, silent.
WOUO 1
A greater tDind dispels the cloud.
The fotUers once more are shaped
TO summers dream. The grass 10
rippled.
Rooted in that stream the tree oUukes.
The lenDes turned sflper ssotc
Along starry bough.
SARA VAN ALSTYNB ALLEN.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

Since the remarkable squirt of the
Dodgers, Brooklyn is less interested
in the tree that grew there and more
interested in the pennant that may
grow.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

1t may be possible for some Ameri-
can general to ride Hirohito's famous
white horse through Tokyo, but a
good old sure-footed Missouri mule
would be more practical for picking
his way through the debris.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

Philadelphia announces that she
intends to "exterminate" her pig
cons. Poor little things: gone to join
the Washington starlings.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

The Japs have admitted that they
have too many war factories closely
concentrated. They also know by
now that the United States has too
many war factories, period.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

ment to walk to work, thus helping
to solve the traffic problem as we'll
as the housing.
Toledo deserves congratulations
for blazing a trail.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

A local grocer was given a fine of
$50 for forty-eight-cent meat
overcharge. Couldn't the court have
made it just $48?
Evening star., 1945-06-30

Praises Veterans Pamphlet.
To the Editor of The Star:
AS adjutant of D. c. Taxi Post No. 81,
American Legion, wish to express, on
behalf of myself and the membership,
my profound admiration for the excel
lent work you have accomplished in
publishing the Veterans Information
Directory.
1t truly is public service, and
hope you will convey to the members
of your staff who were assigned to the
task of compiling it congratulations for
job exceptionally well done.
You may be assured that each MEM
ber of D. C. Taxi Post 81 will be pro-
vided with copy and that every effort
will be made to place one in the hands
of each cab driver in Washington.
WILLIAM D. KEETING,
Adjutant, D. c. Taxi Post, No. 81,
American Legion.
Editors Note-A large supply of
the Veterans Information Directory,
published by The Star, now is avail
able free of charge at the business
counter of The Starr
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Differs With Mr.. Underwood.


To the Editor of The Star:
Judging from the writings of Eric
Underwood-bothi in The Star and else
where-I gather that his one all-con-
suming ambition in life is to see these
United States reduced once again to
their original colonial status. Since he
obviously is an Englishman-duly reg
istered, trust, with our State Depart
ment-his attitude in the matter Is not
too hard to understand.
However. when he attempts-as he
did in letter which appeared in The
Star of June Ito portray George Wash
ington and Abraham Lincoln as charter
members of Union Now, that is just
little more than care to even attempt
to swallow.
The very idea of Washington for one
moment entertaining even the thought
of "a lasting union between the two
nations" as Mr.. Underwood would have
us believe, is. of course. utterly ridicu-
lous. Not for that did the general suffer
the tortures of the damned with his
troops at Valley Forge and elsewhere.
Nor can any credence be given to the
proposition that the Great Emancipator
ever advocated such setup with
nation which drew goodly portion of
its wealth from traffic in human bodies
President Lincoln Furthermore most
certainly was not oblivious to the pa
England played during our Civil Wa -
eXertlnp every n0Wer she noSSesSef fo
tear asunder the very Union he was
trying to preserve. And we may 'e sure
that he fully was aware Of me fact
that England gave at least tacit support
to the French attempt to set up an
empire in Mexico at that time, IN open
violation of our Monroe Doctrine
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
.PhoneUnion
Plans TieUp

Michigan locals OF the National
Federation OF Telephone Workers
today were mapping plans for
participation in a nationwide four
hour work stoppage in protest 10
the National Labor Relations
Board ruling which outlawed an
affiliated local in Kearney, ~. j.
Date for the stoppage has not
been revealed by the NF'TW. ac-
cordlng 10 Mrs. Frances Smith
president of the Michigan Tele-
phone Employees Federation.
The stoppage has been ordered
by the national federation so en-
ployes may vote on whether they
wish 10 ask a strike vote under
the Smith-Connally Act, Mrs
Smith said. x
NLRB Trial Examiner G. w
Whittenore upheld the CIO and
ordered the 30,0O0-member
Kearney union affiliated with the
NFTW 10 disband.
The stoppage will involve some
1900 in Michigan and $4,000
others throughout the nation.
President George NJ. Welch Of
Michigan Bell issued a statement
emphasizing that the stoppage
does not involve any dispute be-
tween the company and the union.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
Boosie Wooeie Goes High Brow: .e~as
Likened to Drum Rhythm

EDITORS E-Frankis
Cdrle, foremost piano stylist, has
written this short series 10 DEM
onstrats the funda mental tech
riqus OF boogie woogie, the
rhythm form ot piano playing
which has sl0ept 10 such popu-
loritv in America. Boogie woogie
noW hos Alec Tempiston, Jose
Iurbi. Victor Bor0s and Oscar
Lerant among IT'S advocates. Mr..
Cnrle iciH appear on the Michi-
gan Theatsr stage beginning
Friday
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
Martha Vickers TO Wed

HOLLYWOOD, oct. ! UNS)-
Martha NickcrS. movie starlet,
will marry Al Herd, automobile
man, IN November.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01

Tomorrow Frankie Carie uH
illustrate Walking Bass boogie.