davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

DRIOR to the war, American aviation was
Il divided into two parts.
In the domestic field some Is companies
operated in competitive field under federal
regulation. while Pan-American Airways oper-
sted overseas.
The domestic lines were kept out of the
foreign heG and Pan-American remained out
of the domestic.
Thus only one American line had foreign
experience.
Because of war necessities, the domestic
lines were called upon by the armed services
to hy overseas routes and soon took all the
mystery out of IT"
With peace in sight, II of the domestic
lines applied jointly to the Civil Aeronautics
Board for the right 10 continue as postwar
overseas operators,
Their proposal was that any or all Amer
lean lines be allowed TO bid for any foreign
routes, with the federal agency awarding
licenses in the same manner as prevails at
home.
1t was pointed out that the present laws
were sufficient.
Objection was made that other countries
would have single operating companies, or
monopolies, backed by their governments, and
that an American monopoly, in which do
mestic airllnes might be merely stockholders
would be necessary To meet the subsidized
foreign competition.
Bills to establish that kind Of monopoly
were offered in Congress, but did not emerge
from committee
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

CONGRESS obviously took the view that
" competition in America had made this
nation the foremost aviation country in the
world and that regulated American com
petition in overseas traffic would prove
equally beneficial TO all.
The Civil AerOnautics Board has now re-
jected the monopoly idea by announcing that
in accordance with the existing act of Con-
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

were tremendous, he SAID
Nineteen for Grand. four Of
them wearers of the collar Of
the Annunziata highest Italian
decoratlonD You can't have
any illusions OF the state OF
mind Of the Italian people.
at this moment. YOU are the
most hated man In Italy. You
have only one friend left, that
il |.
Have no worry about your
personal safety. will see that
YOU are protected. ] think the
man for the present situation
is tmarShall Bsdoglio.
He will begin nv forming
government To continue the
war. I'm slv months. We will
see. All of Rome has heard of
the Grand Councils vote and
expects a change
MuSSOlni replied
The crisis will lead people 10
,a,, oo 81. 80, 80
-, no. !, ,;,, ha ,,,,,,nh
o.. ~. r,n,oh;,, S,a,i. go.
- Ill ,La -.
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",n,,,.r LII COL, ,h. mon
,ha go. 49,, ,,..a
l, waS 30 wbon tho KING
aorornnaniad ,rnssoi,,i - 80
dooc To ,Tas LA sn5 soomnd
ayon ,rallo, thsr bis rs1aI
sn,aiI eoIf Ito shont bsnds
vi,h NIuseoI,,, and retur,od IN
edo
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Sdlu
hs "aIe>N "'s .', t"..".,eo
ne WI" 'ne 'asN " p'o'e'''"s
your person . -
NuSsoIInl S'dI,eu 10" dIuS NJ
car oIa 'ile Cdp'ail poin'eu W
dh dii'ou'diioe anu saiu -,
w. you nus nus se' >" mr..
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a captain, a lieutenant and three
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
American Aviation
By E. r. TOMPKlNs

gress-three new international routes have
been designated and will be operated by three
competing transport companies.
Orderly development of this policy will
nut American airlnes wherever they should
90. avoiding the manifest evils and lethargy
of monopoly and mobizing the entire air
plane and aviation industry for foreign
service.
The benefits are not all commercial,
WORLDWIDE AMERICAN AVIATION
IN TIME OF PEACE WILL BE As IMPOR-
TANT TO OUR NATIONAL DEFENSE IN
TIME OF WAR AS AN ADEQUATE MER-
CHANT MARINE II.
The second problem that OF foreign
landing fields for American planes-should be
and can be solved just as efficaciously.
This country has prior right of reason
able access TO facilities abroad which were
created by American enterprise and hnanceo
entirely by American money: and the per"
manent use Of these facilities can be easily
arranged as a portion of the lend-lease settle
ments that must be made.
To the extent that this is done, lend-lease
will not be total loss TO American tax
payers.
A THIRD problem, which the old New
n Deals vaunted Chicago International
Aviation Conference dealt with very freely,
also remains.
This is the question of air transport from
one country within the borders of another.
The Chicago "agreements"-which were
never submitted to Congress as international
engagements-would allow foreign planes To
travel and to land anywhere in the United
States.
THAT WOULD BE DANGEROUS FOR
THE ASPECT OF NATIONAL SECURITY.
1t would permit foreign airines to compete
in the home market with American aifithe5
although foreign shipping it excluded from
our coastwise maritime trade
1t would hamper the proper enforcement
of immigration and tariff laws
And it would not gain for American avia-
ton similar privileges elsewhere SOVIET
Russia for example would not grant domestic
Use of the air in Russia to transports.
IIERE again the solution is simple
III NOTHING MORE IL NEEDED THAN
"PORTS OF ENTRY"-FOR AIRPLANES,
As FOR SHIPS.
Passengers or merchandise brought 10
these ports by foreign airlnes would be
transferred inland by American lines with no
delay.
Other countries viii insist on such safe
guard
Hence il would be utterly foolish for
America 10 DO otherwise.
Nor is II in any degree necessary.
In centuries OF experience the nations
have learned 10 admit each others ocean
going vessels TO their protected ports under
treaty regulations
There is no reason whatsoever why they
will not and cannot do the same IN aviation.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
s7s 900 900

INCIDENTALLY, the United
Il States is paying the bulk Of
the outlay of UNRRA. many of
the signatories OF the agree
ment bringing II into existence
having contributed nothing to-
ward the fulfillment of their
quotas 10 date.
In addition TO these figures,
there have been rumors, re-
ports. denialS. persistent indi-
cations ttake it as YOU please
that the British have requested
payoh loan of between S.
OO0. 100000 and $1,000, 600 900
and the Russians a like amount
Certainly, there is something
in the air of this nature and.
although it will be some time
before disclosure is made Of
lust what has been done, the
question must arise how long IT
VIII be before the COW is dry
In a word. can a nation Of
only 135, 900 900 people. no mat
Ter how rich. carry The entire
world on its shoulders?
Is there enough wealth in
this country To carry the total
rehabilitation of mankind?
Is IT sound that the United
i States operate universal
WPA?
Even Winston Churchill in
one of his campaign speeches,
deprecated Great Britains de-
pendence upon the United
States.
Ultimately, the American
people will demand 10 know
why their taxes have 10 finance
nations which compete with
American goods in world mar
kets.
| do not know az what point
they viii tire of handing out
like Lady Bountiful. but
sooner or later that point is
bound 10 be reached and then
our current dependents will
wonder what hit them
For we shall cease 10 be the
soft hearted prohigate. Uncle
Sap and shall become the ball
ance-Shcet conscious Uncle Shy
lock.
Today the So-called liberals
regard such a cautlonary article
aS this one IS as an inCltement
20 iSolationiSm. Someday. these
same liberals will call the eXo-
duS OF American wealth 10
Europe capitalist design to
impoverSh the a m erican
people.
They Will be right about the
impoveriShng
4 Ny criticism of our pouring
y billions down the interna-
tional bottomleSS pit leads inn
medately TO the recrimination
that the critic is anti this or
anti that country which is ar
y rant nonsense because the real
issue Is how much can the
American people afford 10 pay
ont without any prospect OF
return
The experts m tbe United
States treasury. under us man
agement by Henry Morgenthau.
seemed 10 act as though the
Sky's the limit. But where Is
the sky?
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
MARK WELLS.
TO TIit. EDITOR

" III Islbl l'iIt
II READING Mr. suffers let-
ter Yesterday m the paper |
agree that the OPA IS giving us
4 lol of bunk about that meat
business also was told a
similar story which happened 20
butcher distant cousin Of
mine
The men cant keep Workin
As hard as they are withou
proper food So therefore Ne are
force TO bay black market.
OpA or M OpA
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
THESE
DAYS
BY George {.
SokoIsky
SENAToR ROBERT A,

r y \ - n kObERi A.
- TAFT, in the course Of his
discussion Of Breton Woods,
called attention 10 the wasteful
and dangerous foreign tending
policy of the United States,
which is being related 10 the
peace as we'll as 10 the war.
The House special committee
on postwar economic policy and
planning has proposed that this
rountrv- invest abroad between
two and three billion dollars a
year.
In The present state OF world
economies. such investments
could. with few exceptions, only
he loans 10 extremely unstable
governments whose successor
might, as they often have done.
repudlate such financial trans
actions. or TO the other MEM
berS of the Big Three 10 be dis
tributed among their satellites
as it suits their politics.
Is this another scheme for
Syphonng off the possessions
Of the American people to safe
guard us against initiation by
increasing our debt?
THE advocates of this policy
point to our current pros
perity which is a result of the
war and lend-lease operations.
exports under which amount to
approximately one billion dol
lars a month.
They do not, however, call
attention TO the other side of
the balance sheet which al
ready shows a national debt OF
S26l 600 000.0 900 and a fear of
initiation which can be meas
ured by the withdrawal from
circulation of S26, 100000, 900 as
compared with $7000,000OOO in
1899.
1t would seem that this coun-
try Is obligatlng itself currently
10 S2l.625.OOO000 or relief and
lending operations unrelated 10
the pursuit of war, but part of
program of rehabilitation of
both Allied and enemy coun-
tries in Europe countries that
-4Fe-at- peaee-row or onty IN a
measure partaking Of our war
with Japan.
This amount in detail is as
follows;
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
TO TIE EDITOR

TO TIE EDITOR
I AN writing IN regard % the
l displays OF pictures on the
front pages of The Detroit
Times
am sure every evangelical
Christian IN the city of Detroit
was pleased 10y the evident CO.
operative and sympathetic treat
meut ol the subject in the writ
ten articles and captions AS well
as rhe space devoted 10 A.
II there we're more young
people such a. these IN the city.
Detroit would have little 10
fear from the future
ELLSWORTH X. AID ANS.
TO THE EDITOR 4
TiIE lowering of our tarltf p
the present time. with lendN
lease 10 be repaid will only
benefit 1other countries and
lowe our living standard
The world market Will be ours
for several years and since most
all Will he credit, keeping the
tariff up for several years
longer will help our country 10
case taxes TO It's people
II others feel the same as /
do. tnen we should write our
senators and congressman be-
fore II is too late.
STEVE BROsON.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27
4 DISGUSTED HOT SFWIpF.
TO TIE EDITOR:

IL HE tl)llOR.
NOUR editorial regarding ex-
i traVaganCe al Washington
was very timely and ! hope 10
see more like n. IL seems as
though We should Call that town
the National Rogacs Roost. IN
stead of the national capital.
Following are tow items re-
ported by -pewSiHeH, OF radiu
broadcasterS Gently that
comes TO mind the postmaster
general making a gIft or so, 900
OF taxpayers money Ia Senator
"PappA" O'Daniel. and making
4 setup for hIm where h n
"Pappy can continue 10 gyp u
for 81 900 A week, another Sen-N
stef / think AfaCfeitaf. and hiS
family taking Si5 900 = year
from the public treasury -
congressman taking a vacation
on grand tour OF Europe. Al
the public expense, a bill intro
duced IN Congress 10 allow Mrs,
Roosevelt wealthy woman,
pension Of s. 900 a year Elliott
Roosevelt borrowing $500 600.
settling for $4,000 and he
wealthy lender deducung the
e. loss from has income TAX returns.
-t4trrrr taxpayers VII have N
make up this Then there are
tine millions reported waStrd.
grated or stolen IA connection
with the South american high
way the Alcan highway and
Canoil project, And so q goes.
Then there are the million eN-
cess government. civilian em-
pioyeS which Senator Byrd says
are on the public pay roll. In
tnIs connection IL IS interesting
TO note that an average OF over
$40 civilian employees We're added
10 the pay roll every day duung
the entire Roosevelt adminlStra-
ton Is II any wonder that
taxes are high Ana for this
kind Of management pt our ma
tlonai affairs. congressman now
propose 10 raise their oWn .al-
aries How do YOU Ike 10 Mr..
John q Public II IS your
money MARX WELLS.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

t1e army. 'n 7 used The
-"rireeIse lur KILLING rats
'cI The mduo- Hple baked
'ur supper
Match 'H.-e columns
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

~ c The DETROIT 1lMIS
p July l945
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

ANSWERS on Opposite Page)
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-27

CUDDENLI q captain Of the
- Carabinleri stepped zap and
Evening star., 1945-01-21

Surveys are kind of perpetual national
town meeting. typically American kind of
democracy at work in business. Questions
must be worded carefully, however, in order
to draw accurate answers that are reliable
and valid.
A few years ago interviewers were asking,
Have you read Gone With the Wind'?" at
time when everybody thought maybe he
ought to- So many answered yes that the pub
fishers could not possibly have supplied
enough copies The question was then changed
to do you plan to read Gone With the
Wind'?" People who had read it said, 1--WE
read it already" while others could say
"yes" without harning their prestige = and
thus researchers found out how many had
actually read the book.
These are things the researchers havehad to
learn They have learned them SO well that
today it is possible for few thousand people
to speak for all of America. And it hasn't all
been fun. either One researcher polled the re-
searchers, got this answer: When we have to
ask about very personal subjects, we should
get paid more" Thanks to research, the man
ufacturers now know what you want. And
what you want you'll get. The End
Evening star., 1945-01-21

crush on foam Thousands questioned in
soap survey came out for hand sized cakes,
white in color, with no tendency to slip away.
ENTERTAINMENT. The entertainment
world goes to great lengths to find out what
will keep you amused. Hollywood has used the
sneak" preview as means of market re-
search. When fans fidget, producers reach for
the shears. Recently major companies re-
tanned a research firm to test reaction to titles
casting and plot. After the war you will see
many more films in color.
Nine out of 10 Americans want FM radios
- the kind without static - after the war;
They'll get push button controls, too.
Television surveys show four to five per-
sons per receiver as the average audience
and 81 per cent of enthusiasts prefer Tive"
shows, but all like spot" events, on the
theory that anything can happen. When tele-
vision becomes more generally available,
you'll meet lot of champions - for whether
they're hogcallers or golfers, champs interest
you.
You complain that television is too expen-
sive After the war sets will be built to sell
for $500 - within the budget of well over
half of the radio-buying public. Pictures will
be in natural color, twice as large as the pres
ent images, and more detailed.
Evening star., 1945-01-21

HW
ardesses to male attendants on airliners, but
a majority of train travellers voted for the
old-fashioned porter instead of the new
tangled stewardess.
You also asked for air conditioning, COM
Portable reclining seats, no smoking or public
radios in coaches and more washrooms. In
the future there will be as many as four to
coach. Travellers complain about lighting,
too, and in new railway cars you'll get indirect
lighting for early evening and individual spot
lights when it gets dark, with an individual
radio to entertain you.
Bus lines, too, will provide comfortable
reclining seats and air conditioning as well as
a modern rest room. According to industrial
designer Raymond Loewy, you'll also be able
refresh yourself at soft drink and sandwich
bar without leaving the bus.
YOUR HOME. Those doubles of yours have
talked about the home, too. Eighty-two out
of every 100 housewives do their own house
work, and they want to do it with the least
effort. Plastic surfaces and plastic film cover
ings for cloth are one way to ease your clean
ing problems; another is gadget that "laun-
ders'' the air so that you dust only once a
week. You want walls that can be moved or
adjusted to give full play to your yen for NOV
ing furniture around; you can have them.
Most people don't like to put up storm
windows So, many homes after the war will
have double glass; with air space in between.
You say you'll install fluorescent lights if
they don't distort colors; new types won't.
You'll use them first in utility rooms -
kitchen, laundry. basement and bath. For
the living room you can simulate freight
and late afternoon sunshine - very fatter-
ing to ladies who want solution for lights
that throw ugly shadows.
Air conditioning is still too expensive for
most of you, but there will be plenty of cool
ing units for single rooms. You want non
skid bathroom and kitchen floors, too, and
one manufacturer has developed a synthetic
that fills your order.
You voted yes on colored bed-sheets. So
far only II out of 1000 women have bought
them; twice as many want to after the war.
KITCHEN APPLIANCES. Right now you
are in the market for 4, 800 900 washing ma
chimes, 1000, OOOirons, 800, 00refrigerators,
100000 stoves, 3,2OOOOO toasters, 100000
radios, 100000 vacuum cleaners, 100000
sewing machines.
Researchers learned that you want waffle
Evening star., 1945-01-21

these planes to have the comfort and safety
features of the modern automobile.
One airline learned that 62 per cent Of
pleasure travellers prefer daytime fights; GA
per cent of businessmen prefer to fly by night
And these are the extras" you've asked for
pressurized cabins, individual radios and
Illuminated trip-progress panels, ship-to-
ground communication, libraries and news
tickers. ----.--.-
RAIL. Bus TRAVEL. You want faster
trips, lower fares and substantial increase in
comfort in postwar bus and train service.
Railroads are planning recreation facilities
for youngsters.
Seventy-four per cent of you prefer stew
Evening star., 1945-01-21

irons with bells to warn when the waffle is
about to burn. The housewife generally is
anti-noise, but she likes to hear Click"
when she slams her refrigerator door. Manu-
facturers pay attention even to little details
like that.
In the kitchen sink will be recessed drain
rack for dishes, concealed built-in garbage
removal unit, temperature regulator for
water, faucets operated by foot, heating COM
partment for drying towels quickly.
Gas companies are trying to eliminate the
oily dirt which is your main complaint about
gas ranges.
1t now takes too long to prepare meal.
New pressure cookers will cut it to minutes
and automatic controls on new ranges viii
allow you to shop all afternoon and come
home to perfectly cooked meal.
Women hate electric cords that curl and
knot. A new cordless iron will eliminate the
gripe in that department. Women are asking
for - and will get - irons equipped with
steam valves and heat controls.
YOUR COSMETICS. Teen-agers and the
middle-aged are the biggest perfume users.
After woman gets married, her use of per-
fume tapers off. Then few years later. she
takes to the scent bottle once more. Flower
scents are unpopular with women, but are
popular with men.
Women think only of color in lipstick, pay
ing next to no attention to smoothness and
durability. Nowadays 12-year-olds begin their
cosmetic career by sampling Mothers lip
stick.
Pink is forging ahead in powder, rouge. lip
stick, nail polish. It's trend toward femi-
ninity, noticeable during every war.
To Al out of every 100 women, favor Is
most important in toothpaste. Peppermint
is the favorite.
Women have big and constantly growing
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
JAW Heads Tell
Stimson To Back
S1O1, FEPC Bill

NEW YORK - Charging that
Secretary Of War Henry l. Slim
sons speech urging labor draft
is An attempt 10 split veterans
from labor by giving only the debit
side OF the manpoWer problem -
Martin Gerber, international board
member OF the United Auto Work
ers. CIO. declared that since Slim
son is so seriously concerned about
manpower, he should back pas
sage Of the Dawson LaFollette per-
manent Fair Employment Practice
bill which has teeth in it which
would make employers hire tens
OF thousands from minority
groups"
Speaking as chairman OF the
Executive Committee of the Work.
ers' Defense leagues Free Labor
committee, Mr.. Gerber declared
that Secretary Stimson doesn't
show the hundreds OF thousands OF
workers available--from cutbackS,
youths reaching working age. en-
playable army returns to civilian
life, and from minority groups"
Mr.. Gerber also presented govern
ment statistics showing that I'M
employment is increasing.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
ia B 0 R
LOOKS AHEAD
By GEORGE w. CROCKETT
Executive Director
JAW Fair Practices
Committee
Continued from Page 81

Continued from Page 81
process OF being compelled by law
TO refrain from active anti-union
bias, the principle OF trade union
ism are more acceptable 10 these
employers today than they would
have been had the MIRA never
been adopted. They have seen that
these principles can work out TO
the mutual satisfaction OF all
What we need is a chance to
demonstrate in like.that a national
policy OF no discrimination in en-
ploymcnt also can work out &c the
mutual satisfaction Of all Ameri-
cans.
And, so. want you 10 know,
Frank. that VIC whom you repre-
sent are solidly behind you in your
efforts to secure effective le2iSla-
ton 10 stamp ont employment dis
elimination from our national life.
And we have confidence that the
fascist antics in the halls OF con-
gross persisted in by men Of the
Rankin stripe will not deter you
from endeavoring TO accom- lish
that which We all so fervently de-
sire.
Sincerely,
Geo w Crockett Jr. (signedD
Executive Director
UAW-CIO Fair Employ
ment Practices Com
mittee.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
Speakers Develop
Theme OfOBG:s
Two-Day Confab

Four prominent speakers, baSing
their talks around the theme.
Setting a Pace for Real Democ-
racy,' VIII address the l945 Older
Boys and Girls Conference on
March 1913 at the YWC.A. and
the Y.MCA.
On March Is, the first night Of
the conference. the Reverend Rob-
ert Bradbv Jr pastor OF King
Solomon Baptist church, will adj
dress the DELEGATES from the topic,
Preparing For A Democracy
MISS LAURENTINE COLLINS.
community relations worker for
the Detroit public schools. will
talk 20 the group on her subject,
Youth Setting the Pace on Sat-
urday morning
On Saturday afternoon, Dr. Rob-
ert Foster. professor at the Mer-
rlll-Palmer school. will discuss
boy and girl relations. Following
the banquet. Mr. Harvey Jackson,
counsellor. al the Highland Park
senior high school. will talk TO the
conferceS on "Democracy's Chal-
lenge To Youth"
A stimulating panel discussion,
led by Miss Hazel Osborne. in
structor in the graduate school OF
social work al Wayne university,
with the help Of seven conference
members. will be a special feature
Of this years conference program.
This panel will be held on Satur-
day afternoon.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
Draft Boards
To Slave Blocks

NEW YORK - Denouncing the
labor draft proposal still pending
in Congress. Willard S. Townsend,
president OF the CLIO United Trans
port Service Employees of Ameri-
ca, declared that millions OF Ne
gro and white citizens il the South,
where they must constantly fight
against peonage and slavery, have
no way OF participating in the de"
clSions of draft boards. A great
many Of our draft boards will be
converted into the old slave
blocks of pre-Civil War days"
Truck and bus tires manufactured
IN 1914 totalcd 10 900 900. during
1914 fully IA $40 600 Released for ra-
tlonng by OPA were 1891 900 tires.