davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-29
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO. July 28.-Spy Song.
undefeated, little brown colt owned
by Charles T. Fisher, Detroit, ran
away from ten other contenders in
splashing to victory in the ST. 800
Arlington Futurity before a Storm
conscious crowd of $4,000 at WASH
ington Park today.
Backed into s-to-5 favoritism be-
cause Of his previous two lop-sided
victories, Spy Song romped home
with lengths to spare. There never
was a time when his hackers felt
the slightest apprehension. The
winner. ridden by the veteran Steve
Brooks, sizzled the 6 furlongs
through the mud and water in 1:l2.
Knockdown Finishes Second.
Knockdown, owned by Mrs. Eliza
beth Graham, New York, finished
second, two and half lengths ahead
of Mighty Story, third by nose.
Mighty Story is owned by John
Marsch, Chicago contractor, who
was seeking his fourth Futurity
triumph.
The winner paid $3.50, 81 and $3.50
while Knockdown was $3.50 and
$3.50 and Mighty Story $40.
There were just a few fieeting
seconds that Jockey Brooks didn't
have Spy Song in front. That was
shortly after the start when the In
dian Rock Stables Inroc broke
alertly from his No. post position.
From that time, it was simply .
matter Of how far the crack young
ster, winning his third victory in as
many starts, would triumph.
Rainstorm Deluges Track.
A terrific rainstorm broke over
the course at the time the third
race was run, turning the track
ankle-deep in mud and water. 1t
still was raining when the Futurity
was run.
Owner Fisher, Detroit automo-
bile body manufactures. pulled down
$50, $50 as his share of the purse,
with Mrs. Graham collecting $1,000
for Knockdown's second place.
Layout, 4-year-old filly. reached
the highest pinnacle of her Chicago
success in the sub-featured Grass
land Handicap at a mile and .
furlong over the grass course.
Under good ride by Johnny
Adams, she came from behind to
win by half length and pay s17.20,
$40 and s6 to her hackers. Mighty
Lucky was second and Jamerica
third. The race had a net value
of S8,025 to L. and M. Sidell, Chi
cago owners. The time was 1:562s.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Nat Losing Boox 26 Drop Games Back Of Tigers But Cling Second
Sunday $taf Spnfts
Ale WASHINGTON, D. c., JULY 49, 1945.
Win, Lose or Draw
BY LEWIS r. ATCHIsON.
Baseball Has Bio TruveI Edge on Pro Football

interesting item in his Chicago Tribune col
graphically illustrates the edge baseball
present transportation fareup Commenting
the complexities of Arch pointed out that the Chicago
New home
probably They
Chicago then light for where do
suppose? Pittsburgh
oversldng Arch points out will involve about $4,000
City the Cubs then shuttle west
which 50 miles of
Pittsburgh miles from Chicago.
Al-Sar baseball
concession the oDT but the mileage saved
of the high dpated by
elsewhere" concludes Ward.
could be that Arch pqued because the AlSr
legitimate argument. Now,
sports would unkng baseball
country plunged INTO total a-out effort.
the token majority of don't football
ashcan il it possibly avoided
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Cubs Make Sweep of II Games
Against Reds by Winning, 8-3

Frank McCormick's error and john
son doubled
A base on balls to Carter, followed
by singles by Woody Williams, Dane
Clay, Mccormick and AL Libke, gave
the Reds their three runs in the
eighth, but the Cubs came back be-
fore the game was halted to score
three in the last of the frame on
doubles by Lennie Merullo and
Hack, and singles by johnson,
Nicholson and Cavarretta.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Grifffs Squowk About Borowy
Procedure Is Called Foolish

fast company have been sold down
the river.
And when one big league club
seeks to do business with another,
the "gentlemen's agreement" again
is invoked. The clubs in both major
leagues casually refrain from enter
ing claims to the player placed on
the waiver list, Just as they did in
the Borowy case, thus leaving the
two clubs interested in position to
talk turkey. Grifith as well as
other club heads long has been a
party to such transactions. Which
makes his squawk over the Borowy
case sound foolish.
The only mystery attached to the
difficult to understand why. ball
club in such sorry straits at the
Yanks would part with its best
pitcher. There had been no hint of
trouble between Borowy and the
front office. And while $l00. 900 isn't
hay. the Yankees certainly did not
need the dough desperately. The
comment of Col. Larry MacPhail, boss
of the New York outfit, that it is
the beginning of a series of moves
which will strengthen the Yankees"
does not make sense.
Johnny Niggeling, with six days OF
rest since his last start, will hurl for
the Mats tomorrow in the Red Sox
series final. The home club will rely
on the good right arm of Emmitt
ONeil, who gave the Mats a real
licking when he faced them In
Washington last month.
Rick Ferrell will do no catching
for several days. He had an infected
spot on his right shin lanced today
and his physician ordered him to
remain quiet until the incision
stopped draining. The rest also will
give Rick's sore side chance to
heal. He took one of Bert Shepard's
pitches in the ribs in batting prac-
tice FRIDAY and had to withdraw
from the lineup in the first inning.
Monday the Mats will have a day
off and they will need it. Starting
Tuesday in Griffith Stadium, they
will have 10 games in days. The
AS will be met first, then the Red
Sox in three successive double head
ers.-J. B. K.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
DesuuteIs Will Return
To Cleveland Shortly
BIZ the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PARRIS ISLAND, S. c., July %.
After a stretch in the Marine
Corps, Gene Desautels, former
Cleveland catcher, was back in ci-
william life today and will rejoin the
Indians at an early date. He was
given his release from the Marine
Corps by reason of his 38 years.
Desautels, a veteran of 10 years
In the major leagues, played with
Detroit, Boston and Cleveland, and
was with the Indians at the time he
entered the Marines in 1914.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Schoeffer, in Hitter,
Also Strikes Out Ia

Paul Dutch Schaeffer. Eastern
High star southpaw, pitched a one
hitter and famed IA to give Bunker
Hill TO victory over Fort Dupont
in an American Legion junior base
ball league tilt yesterday at Fair.
lawn.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Indians Rally in 7th
Subdues Browns, 81
BY the Associated Press.

BY The Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, July %. - Mickey
Rocco's home run with Dutch Meyer
aboard set ok a four-run seventh
inning rally today as the Indians
came from behind to hand the
Browns their second defeat of the
series, 6 to 2.
1t was Allie Reynolds 11th vic
tory, and Jack Kramer's ninth loss.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Totals 3s 2 c412 ;.

sBatted for Grove in fourth
+Batted for Ross in seventh.
+Batted for johnson in ninth.
Chicsso ---------- OO3 600 nOU-3
Detroit 212 020 Joys
Runs-Moses. Farrell, Schalk. Mayo
Cullenbine Cramer. York, Maier Trout.
Errors-Mayo. Webb Runs batted III
Farrell, Schalk. Cullenbine, cramer. Mayo
Maier t2). Swift t2D, Trout Two-base
hits-Farrell, Cullenbine, Mayo, Cramer
play-Michaels and Schalk Left On bases
CHICAGO. s: Detroit. g. Base on balls
Grove. l. Struck out--Johnson, 2; Trout
g. Hits-Of Grove. 2 in 3 innings: Ross
in 3 innings: johnson, in innings
Losing pitcher-Grove.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Totals 20 a241a Totals rs 627

bdUUtu TOT CafrdSuueI III StFt1IU1l HIIII1Ik.
-. tBst tied for Ullrich in ninth inning.
WASHINGTON - 600 010 010-2
Boston OO3 POI O0x-6
Runs-Lewis, Carrasquel Lake (2).
Bucher, johnson, Lazor, Camilli. Error
Lazor. Runs batted in-Lewis,. Kuhel,
Lazor. Camilli. Newsome, Metkovich 90.
base hit-Camilli Sacrifce-Newsome
Double plays-Pierretti to Torres to Kuhel,
johnson to Camilli. Left on bases---Wash-
ington, z: Boston, 8. Bases on balls-Of
Pieretti. 9; off Carrasauel, 2; of Ullrich,
l; off Wilson, z. Strikeouts-By Pieretti.
z; by Ullrich !; by Wilson, 2. Hits-Of
Pieretti, 5 in 3ls innings; of Carrasquel
in ga innings: off ullrich, O in innings
Wild pitch-Wilson. Losing pitcher
Pieretti. Umpires-MessrsI MCGOWAN,
Rommel Passarella. Stewart. Time 90.
Atterdance-6.9 .993
Evening star., 1945-07-29

Totals 80 9t22 IL Totals "a 13 "a 8
.Batted for Mesner in eighth inning
tone out in eighth inning when game
was called, rain.
Cincinnati ----------- 600 600 o3-3
Chicago 200 102 03-s
Runs-W. williams, Clay. Carter, Hack
(2l. johnson go, Nicholson, D. Williams:
Merullo 90, ErroraMeSner. Runs batted
johnson (2). Cavaretta, Pafko (2l. Two
base hits = Mccormick. Hack, johnson,
piayswMiiler to W. Williams to Mccor-
mick; johnson to Merullo to Cavarretta
Left on bases-Cincinnati, z: Chicago, 10
Strikeouts-By Carter,1 by Derringer, g.;
by. Erickson, /. Hits-Of Carter, 13 in
~ innings: of Lisenbee, none in no
off Erickson, none in "a inning. Hit by
pitcher By Carter Nicholson. CAVIAR
retta). Winning pitcher-Derringer. Los
ing pitcher-Carter.
Evening star., 1945-07-29

Runs-Mc0uinn. Byrnes, Meyer, Rocco.
Seerey, Heath, Boudreau, Cihocki. Errors
Reyolds, Boudreau. Runs
batted in--Moore. Cihocki. Byrnes, Rocco
t2), Boudreau, Hayes. Meyer. Two-base
Home run-Rocco. Sac
rifices-Hayes. Boudreau. Reynolds, Ste
phens. Double play-eMeyer to Boudreau
to Rocco. Left on bases-St. Louis. g.:
Cleveland. 10 Bases on balls-Of Kra-
mer, / of REYNOLDS t2). strikeouts-Bv
Kramer. 5: by Reynolds. 8. Hits-Of
Kramer, II in 8 "a innings off Oldak, 3
in l 4 innings. Losing pitcher-Kramer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16

recipe for longevity. "Its just born
in the blood" she comments, as she
recalls that her sister, Sarah lived
to celebrate her 73d wedding ami
versary. Her philosophy has in
cluded casting out fear, and making
each day busy and useful one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16
Grandmother of Four in War
Looks Hopefully to Future

teenth street, where she makes most
of the buttonholes in the garments
made by her fellow chapter men,
bers.
She has knit over hundred baby
afghans for the Frontier Nursing
Service in Kentucky, and so many
baby caps, mittens and bootees, that
she has long since stopped keeping
count. AS for tatting, which she
does almost automatically, she says
she's made enough yards of it tt
reach around the world and home
again, two or three times over"
To keep her memory alert, sht
does two crossword puzzles day
Fond of bridge, which her daughter
in-law, Dorothy Marsh, taught hel
when she first came to Washington
20 years ago, she plays a swift
sportSmanlike game which Away.
challenges the skill of her oppon-
ents. A diligent reader, she is we'll.
informed on current affairs.
Her hand hasn't lost its cunning
either in the dispatch with which
she turns out weekly batch OF
delicious doughnuts and raised
raisin bread, which I had the priv
ilege of generously sampling during
our interview.
Born on September Is, 1850, ir
Canton, Me, on the Androscoggir
River, then one of the greatest log
ging rivers in the United States
her maiden name was Susan Jane
De Lano. Five generations of hel
family sleep in the Gods Acre which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16
BIZ JESSIE FAINT EVANS.

Observing her 95th birthday yes
terday, Mrs. Andrew Jackson Marsh,
the mother of Harold N Marsh, of
35l5 Lowell street NV, is survey
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16
Bristol Portrait Sent
To Istunbul Hospital

An oil portrait of the late Rear
Admiral Mark Lambert Bristol will
be unveiled october II at Istanbul,
Turkey, at ceremonies naming the
American Hospital there after Ad-
miral Bristol, the former United
States high commissioner to that
nation.
The portrait left Washington last
week by air, addressed to the Amer
lean Naval Attache in the Turkish
capital. Capt. Webb Trammell Ad-
miral Bristol was a member of the
International Armistice Commission
in Belgium after the World Wal
and American delegate to the Lau.
same Conference. He died in 1899
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16

overlooks this picturesque New Eng
land river.
Her father was Ira L. De Lano
who was shipwrecked while going
around the Horn In four master,
but survived to cross the Isthmus
of Panama, and was one of the
Forty miners who made the trek to
California. A gold nugget which he
brought back from this expedition
is now one of the treasures of her
fighter pilot grandson Richard.
After her marriage, Mrs. Marsh
went to live in Dicksfield, Me, where
her husband owned the water-run
mills which ground the corn and
carded the wool for this community
Subsequently they moved to De-
troit, where her husband was as
ISOLATED in business with his brother
David Munroe Marsh, who owned
so trotting horses and was a pioneer
in the development of many bust
ness enterprises There her son Har-
old, and her daughter Florence, who
is Mrs George S. Holman of 394l
Livingston street NV, were born.
Mrs. Marsh who still retains the
Enthusiastically dry wit and humor
of Maine Yankee, has no special
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16

But to achieve this, I'VE must
continue to push forward along
the continuing line of our educa-
tional ideas, backed up by strong
military and preparedness policy
She was the champion speller OF
her neighborhood in Maine during
her girlhood. After graduation
from Pennington Normal School
she became a teacher in Maine
public schools until her marriage
Four grandsons are in the armed
service, three of whom are still in
the Pacific, area. They are: 1t.
Richard S. T. Marsh, U. S. M. c. R.,
| fighter pilot, who was awarded the
coveted Air Medal and whose unit
received presidential citation; 1t.
H. Newman Marsh, jr., U. S. M.
c.: Corpl. George S. Holman, jr.,
United States Signal Corps. Pacific
occupation, and 18-year-old Sam
Dennis Marsh. U. S. M. C. r.. now
in a Viz unit at Yale University
A fifth grandson, David Munroe
I MAI Sli 10 a SbuNSlit dlu NSiicoi
WATERFOWL, Conn, and there are
two granddaughters, Ruth and
Helena Holman.
Gram" as she is affectionately
known to her grandchildren and
their friends, prizes the letters she
has received during the war from
around the world. Newman even
addresses her as Dear Susan Jane"
because he once heard her say.
When you get to be my age, there
is no one to call you by your first
name"
Her own activities in behalf of
the war and the home front have
been noteworthy. Every Friday
finds her busy at the Red Cross
Chapter of the Universalist Ma
tional Memorial Church on Six
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16
Washington Law College
To Reopen Wednesday

The fall semester of the Wash
ington College of Law will open
Wednesday, Registrations will be
taken throughout the week.
The college has added Walter
Hollis of the division of CONNER
cial policy of the State Department
to its faculty. He will teach the
course in legislation
Another recent addition is 1t
Richard L. Salant of the Solicitor
Generals Office in the Navy De-
partment. 1t Salant will conduct
the sales course
Contracts will be taught by John
L. Laskey. Mr.. Laskey formerly was
chief enforcement attorney of the
local Office of Price Administration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16
1850 Rise in Prices

The overall rise In British whole
sale prices from the level Of August.
1889, now amounts to 7o.5 per cent.
with food and tobacco showing the
greatest gain at 731 per cent, but the
cost of living continues stable at
129-l30, where it has been pegged for
two years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-16

ing the future
with hope and
confidence.
This descen-
dant of John
Alden and cousin
of Calvin Cool
idge, whose ex-
t ra or d / n a ry
mental vigor and
physical stamina
b e ! | e h e r ad-
vanced y e a r S q,
b e / e v es that,
the world of to-
morrow can be
what Americans
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
Cars Found to
Have Bad Brakes

Out of 81 automobiles stop
ped and examined by Mount
Clemens police during the first
week of the national brake
check program, including Is
cars involved in accidents, five
were found to have Inadequate
brakes and owners of two cars
were taken to court, one of them
being found guilty and fined for
defective brakes.
This report was issued Mon
day by Police Chief Arthur /.
Rosso. Men Of the police de-
partment added emphasis to the
safe brake program by distrib-
uting 10000 leaflets In schools
and at gas stations and garages.
The five cars reported b. city
police which had inadequate
brakes had brake pedals which
went to one inch or less Of the
floor boards before taking hold.
See RnAXI8-Rags 4
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
GI B|atkjatked
inFree.fof.AlI
Probe BrowI
on River Rood

A free-for-all fight early Sun
day morning between three De-
troiters and three Selfridge
Field sergeants, in which one OF
the uniformed men was black
jecked on the head and severely
injured, is being probed by the
Prosecutors Office before VIII
rants are issued.
The fracas, according to sher.
iff's deputies, took place on the
South River road near the Kop-
per Kettle Klub and apparent
" was based on friction arising
between the soldiers and civil
ians, rather than any specific in
cident.
After a fight IN the township,
the civilians fled to Mount
Clemens all-night restaurant to
which the soldiers traced them
and further blows were struck,
according to a sheriff's report.
A report lists the Selfridge
personnel as Sgts. Claussen,
Grant and Smith, the latter
being under treatment for head
injuries suffered when struck by
g blackjack or club in the hands
of a civilian. Selfridge authori-
ties said they were unable to
furnish the sergea first
names.
The civilians held by deputies
are: william Gray, SO; Edward
See BRAWL-Page 3
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
Mild Polio Case
in City; Patient
Already Home

DR.. william ]. Kane, city
health officer, today reported
that q mild case of polio myelit-
is found in this city q week ago,
has been treated at Herman
Keifer Hospital and returned
here to the patients home free
from infection.
The case was that Of 17-year
old girl, q resident of Broadway,
and her condition is regarded
as fully satisfactory.
DR.. Kane said the State
Health Department has record
ed only eight cases of polio in
Michigan from Jan. I to April
20. The seven-year median ex-
pc table for such q period Is
five cases, the report stated.
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
Foster Son, IS,
Murder Suspe(l
Big Ropids Women
Found Shot to Deoth

BIG RAPIDS, Mich, April
"a - R - State Police and
Sheriff Judd Arnold Of Mecosta
county today continued their
search for Jane Smiley, Is, fos-
ter-son of Mrs. Edward Lindau
Smiley, 46, of Evanston, Ill.,, in
an effort to explain the death
of Mrs. Smiley, whose body was
discovered Monday in her cot
tage at Echo Lake, six miles
northeast of Big Rapids. Coro-
ner Thomas Treynor reported
she had died from bullet wounds
in the head and that death had
apparently occurred Saturday
afternoon.
The body was discovered by
Warren Mcclure, a farmer, and
a Bay City contractor whom
Mrs. Smiley had hired to make
repairs on the cottage. They
found the woman's body, clad in
pajamas, lying in bed with
pollow over her head. The back
door of the cottage was unlock
ed. The carpenter said he had
made several trips to the cottage
without getting a response and
then summoned MCGUIRE.
Officers learned that Young
Smiley Saturday afternoon had
invited neighbor boy, James
Hayes, Is, to accompany him to
Big Rapids. They attended q
movie and because of the late
hour, decided to remain at no.
tel over night. The Hayes boy
returned home Sunday morn
ing, saying Young Smiley told
him he was going to Grand Rap
ids to visit relatives. No trace
has since been found of him.
Sheriff Arnold reported Smiley
recently had failed in his class
work at a Southern Military
Academy, had accompanied
Mrs. Smiley to the cottage, and
had since been enrolled in the
High school at Big Rapids.
Coroner Treynor said Mr..
Smiley was expected in Big
Rapids today and that an autop-
sy would be held after his ar
rival.
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
Plan Protest
On Health
Appointment

VAN DYKE-Dr. John F. De-
Yonkers, Jr., for the past three
years health officer of Warren
township, will appear tonight
before members of the township
board to protest his replacement
by DR.. Edward Kenney-who is
himself a member of the town.
ships governing body.
DR.. DeYonkers said that his
custer was the result of poll
tics and in no sense attributable
to any dereliction upon his part.
He is an osteopathic physician
while Kenney, in addition to be-
ing a justice of the peace, is a
chiropractor.
QUESTIONS STATUS
DeYonkers said that he hopes
to obtain an opinion from the
attorney general concerning the
legality of Kenney holding the
health officers post by appoint
ment of the same township
board of which he is himself q
member. The Kenney appoint
ment was made April IL on q
motion by Justice Frank Zagai-
ski seconded by Justice John
Crowley. There were no dissent
ing votes and Kenney himself
was in attendance, according to
the official records of the meet
ing.
DR.. DeYonkers pointed out
] that he had, in the recent town
See APPOINTMENT-Page IL
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24


lists mate sc.
In service for 33 moBths,
Smith has served all 26 months
Of his sea duty aboard the same
ship-a destroyer mine-sweep-
er built during the last war and
converted to new tasks in this
war. Smith claims his is the
only ship that has made all the
Pacific invasionS.
With nine months sea duty
out of an east coast port, includ-
ing the run to Iceland and South
America, Smith switched to the
Pacific in December of 1943.
Starting with the Marshalls in
February of 1914, he saw action
in the Admiralties, New Guinea,
Saipan and Guam, Palaus, Leyte,
Lingayen Gulf and finally Two
Jima, last February, as the
Navy swept across the ocean.
"A CHARMED SHIP
Hottest spot of them all was
Lingayen Gulf where his ship
earned her reputation as a
charmed vessel. At battle sta
tions for SO hours, the men on
his ship completely escaped in
jury as they saw three other YES
sells of the same class around
them sunk by enemy action.
Smith, who is the son of Mr..
and Mrs. Alec Smith of 90 Lin
coin avenue, is spending FL days
with his wife, formerly Mary
Catherine Schwenk and little
daughter. who have been living
in Detroit near her work since
Smith has been in the Navy. He
attended Mount Clemens High
school and was life guard at
the Municipal Beach during the
summers of 1886 to Al.
Despite the hardships of such
a busy Is months, like going
three months without mail and
six weeks at a stretch without
cigarette, Smith is anxious to get
back in and get it over. "Of
course I'm tickled to be home
but I sure would like to have
been in on Okinawa," he says.
The sailors father is employ
ed by the Monitor-Leader.
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
Report 13 Yank
Chutisfs Hanged

FLOSSENBURG ONO EN-
TRATION MP, Germany,
April 24-(R-Thirteen captur-
ed American troopers were de-
clared by liberated political pris-
oners here today to have been
hanged near this camp April l.
The prisoners said the bodies
were burned in the camps
crematory.
Troops of the American Third
Army pressed to within SO miles
of the Austrian strongholds OF
Linz sGd Salzburg, eastern gate
ways to the southern redoubt.
The Seventh Army closed down
the last SO miles toward Munich
and the French First Army ad-
vanced close to the Austrian
frontier and reduced three large
pockets behind the lines.
Ulm, second Wurttemberg city
Of 10000, Is on the Danube. Il
was the scene of one of Napol-
cons most complete victories.
The daily monitor leader., 1945-04-24
ScoutEotoIIy
Injured in
Salvage Drive

UTICA-A 15-year-old Utica
Boy Scout was fatally injured
Friday afternoon when he top
pied from a truck with which he
and other Scouts were collect
ing waste paper in the city's
monthly salvage drive.
The dead boy, Albert Taylor,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. O. M. Tay-
lor, of 1852 Auburn road, suf-
fered head injuries which caus-
ed his death when he fell from
the moving truck on Utica road.
He was rushed to st. eJoseph's s
hospital, Mount Clemens, where
he died shortly after midnight
See ACCIDENT-Page 2