davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Alaska Train DeraiIment
Injuries 4 House Members
BY th, Associated d Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ANCHORAGE, Alaska, Aug. A.
Representative Ben Jensen, Repub-
lican, of Iowa received cut on the
leg and three other members of a
House Appropriations Subcommit-
tee were shaken and bruised today
when a special three-car train
taking them to Seward was derailed
a mile from its destination.
Mr.. Jensen was the only one Of
the group needing medical atten-
ton. Others in the party were Rep
resentatiyes Jed johnson, Democrat,
of Oklahoma, subcommittee chair
man; Michael J. Kirwan, Democrat,
of Ohio and Henry Dworshak, Re
publican, of Idaho; William Brophy,
commissioner Of Indian affairs;
Robert Coote, General Land Office:
Don Foster, superintendent Of the
Alaska Native Service: William Du-
vail, subcommittee secretary, and
Col. O. F. Ohlson, general manager
of the Alacka Railroad.
Several AlaSkans also were aboard.
Mr.. Ohlson said suggestions that a
switch had been tampered with
would be investigated.
Representative John J. Rooney,
Democrat, OF New York, fifth menu
Der of the subcommittee now hold
Ing series OF hearings In the ter
ritory, was not on the train, having
remained in Anchorage.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Lotyion Envoy Sees Aggression
IfReds Retain Baltic Control
Bilmonis Says Award
ofKoeniesbere Should
Satisfy Russio's Need
Rx IOSEPH II. BAIRD,

The Potsdam Conferences
award of Koenigsburg to Russia
should satisfy the Soviet's desire
for a major commercial port on
the Baltic, DR.. Alfred Bilmanis,
the Latvian Minister, said In an
interview yesterday.
In view of the Koenigsburg dis
position and the Big Three's an
nounced plan to disarm Germany,
he added, further retention by Mos
COW Of control over the three Baltic
states can only be explained on the
basis of planned aggression IN
Northern Europe.
The Lithuanian Minister, Povilas
zadeikis. told The Star In another
interview that he still was hopeful
that despite the absence Of any mem
ton Of the future Of the Baltic
states in the Big Three communi-
que, that q satisfactory settlement
Of their status might be worked out
at the final peace conference.
Referring to the fact that the
State Department has continued to
recognize the independence Of
Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia since
Evening star., 1945-08-05
AttIee Appoints Former Stoker
To Governing Board of Navy
Veteran Of Two Wars
Will Share Duties Of
Top British AdmiroIs
Bs the Associated Pfess.

BS the Associated Pfess.
LONDON, Aug. Prime Min
lister Attlee tonight appointed a
former Royal Navy stoker, Wal
ter James Edwards, as Civil Lord
Of the Admiralty, putting the
44-year-old veteran of two wars
on the Admiralty Board beside
Britain'S senior admiralS.
Mr.. Edwards, often described as
the member of Parliament for the
lower deck" was one of 50 junior
ministers named by Mr.. Attlee. The
Prime Minister also selected nine
ministers, virtually completing the
administration which win direct
the Labor party's far-reaching pro-
gram of economic change for Brit
ain.
known affectionately as "Wally"
to his fellow East Fnders in Lon
don, Mr.. Edwards was elected to
Parliament in 1912 He is believed
to be the first civil lord with war
time feet service. The post usu-
ally is filled by civilian. After
serving in the World War, Mr.. Ed
wards rejoined the Navy in 1889
as leading stoker and saw action
off Dunkerque, in the Lofoten raid
and with the Arctic conveys to
Murmansk. In his new post he
will be paid $1,000 a year.
(The civil lord is one of six
civilian members of the 15-man
Admiralty Board which governs
the Royal Navy. He must be Q
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Submarine Shook Lost
With 90 Men Aboard

The 1,525-ton submarine Shook
is overdue from patrol and pre-
sumed to be lost, the Navy an
nounced late yesterday.
The next of kin of officers and
men have been notified. The vessel
carried o normal complement of
about 80 officers and men.
The ship was commanded by
Comdr. John F. Walling, SO, whose
wife lives at Mystic, Conn. Comdr.
Walling held the Silver Star Medal
for service as a diving oficer on
another sub which made successful
attacks against an enemy Kongo-
class battleship and a Japanese
patrol vessel.
The Shook, which was commits
stoned October a, 1912, is the 10th
submarine lost on patrol since Pearl
Harbor. Four others have been
sunk and two more destroyed to
prevent capture.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
tropics Disease Study
Al Bethesda Halted a,
200 Animals Drown
New Group Must Be
Brought From Orient
Due to 'FIosh Flood

Medical work on tropical dis
eases suffered serious setback
when Tuesday nights downpour
drowned more than 200 expert
mental animals-monkeys, dogs,
cats, rats and mice-at the Ma
tif11al Institute of Health near
HetheSda, 1t was learned last
night.
THE minimum loss in equipment
and damage to property will come
to between $4,000 and 500, 900, -
DR.. r. E. Dyer, director of the in
stitute, said. But that is nothing
compared to the loss of strains of
disease kept alive and under study
in those animals. Some of them
we're flown here from China.
THE records of much of our work
were lost, too. They were in note
books written in ink, and many of
them had been filed in the sub
basement. The disease under study
is schistosomiasis, tropical disease
which attacks the liver and which
our troops encountered in the
Southwest Pacific. 1t infects the
whole area including the Philip
pines, the China Coast and Japan.
THE big loss is one of time. We
will have to send for more animals
carrying the disease and begin over
again.
1T was a heavy rainfall about
midnight Tuesday that did the
damage. The earlier rain that eve
ming, heavy as that was, ran of
all right through the drains and
sewers. After the midnight cloud
burst, the water was % inches above
a 24-inch loading platform at the
rear of our administration building.
And the watershed that it came
from is a field not over six acres
pitched at a gentle slope. 1t was
some flood"
Ray X. Linsley, jr., 5517 Glen
TC.. YSIr1TYE,CNA 49, ~
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Truman Works on Report,
Due Back Early in Week
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
WITH PRESIDENT TRUMAN
ON USS AUGUSTA, Aug. 4.-Presi-
dent Truman went over state papers
and signed a mass of documents
today before beginning weekend
holiday aboard this homeward.
bound warship.
Working with advisers on a re-
port he will make to the people Of
the United States, the. President
reviewed terms of the protocol he
signed at Berlin with Premier Stain
and Prime Minister Attlee.
He also conferred with Secretary
of State Byrnes. Judge Samuel
Rosenman, and Admiral William D.
Leahy.
The Augusta is due to make port
early in the week.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Americans Seize Korolyi,
Linked to DolIfuss Death
81 the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
VIENNA. Aug. 4.-The United
States 11th Armored Division an
nounced at Gmunden today the ar
rest OF Victor Won Karolyi, described
as principal aide to Balder Won
Shirach. who was Mia command
ant of Vienna. The announcement
said Karolyi also was accused of
participation In the 1884 assassina-
ton of Chancellor Engelbert Doll
fuss.
DR.. Joseph G. Wirth, press chief
of the Austrian provisional govern
ment, said there was no record here
indicating Karolyi participated IN
the Dollfuss assassination. He said
approximately 100 persons entered
the chancellery to kill Dollfuss.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Soviet Films Replace
u. S. Movies in Prague
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Prees.
PRAGUE Aug. 4.-American
movies were withdrawn from Prague
theaters and replaced by Russian
films today after several showings
which attracted huge crowds.
Authoritative sources said Ameri-
can films cannot be shown indis-
criminately in Czechosloyakia be-
cause OF the nations relations with
Russia. The weekly newspaper
Prace, asserting that some Holly
wood productions are anti Russian,
said Czechoslovakia hopes ultimately
to get light drama and musicals
from the United States but that any
film touching on political or socio-
logical questions must be carefully
studied.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
War Crimes Group
Nears Agreement on
for Trials
international Tribunal
To Begin Proceedings at
Nuremberg September |
By tht Associated Press.


LONDON, Aug. 4.-The four
power War Crimes Conference
approached agreement tonight
on an historic document indict-
ing aggressive war as an inter-
national crime.
The document will blueprint pro-
cedure for an unprecedented mass
trial of Germans listed as arch
criminals men who formulated
Nazi policy, high military chief
who executed it, ranking diplomats
who intrigued for it, industrialists
and hnanciers who gave 1t SUBJ
stance.
The trial itself will be held ir
Nuremberg, for years the scene o1
the Nazi party's annual congress
1t will open before an international
military tribunal September l, with
representatives of Britain. France
Russia and the United States pros.
ecuting.
The prospective list of defend
ants was reported by a responsible
American source to include Her
mann Goering, Joachim Won Rib
bentrop. Franz Won Papen, Alfred
Rosenberg and members of the
German general staff such as Grand
Admiral Karl Doenitz and Field
Marshals Gerd Won Rundstedt and
Wilhelm Keitel.
Big 3 Formed Plan.
simultaneously the high tribuna
will be asked to convict the Naz
terror -atrocity organizations. If Q
guilty verdict is returned 1t will
mean a blanket conviction as wal
criminals of all Germans who can be
established to have been voluntary
members of the Gestapo or the IS
The plan stemmed originally from
the Moscow declaration of Novem-
ber /, 1943. Signed by Presiden,
Roosevelt, Premier Stain and Prime
Minister Churchill, it provided that
major criminals whose offenses
have no particular geographical To-
calization 9" will be punished
by joint decision of the govern
ments of the Allies"
But the basic outline of proceed
ure for the trial was advanced by
Supreme Court Justice Robert H
Jackson, who was assigned by the
President as chief United States
prosecutor of war criminals.
The first hurdle which he con-
fronted was the wide divergence o1
criminal law in the four major coun-
tries. AS a solution, he suggested
procedure should be based upon
military law in which there are
fewer differences.
Major Obstacle Overcome.
To overcome another major OBJ
stacle-the possibility that time con.
suming individual trials would take
so long that witnesses would dis
appear and evidence be lost-ile sug.
gested a collective trial.
i. But for a collective trial Mr.
Jackson had to find a blanket
charge. For this he turned to the
charge of conspiracy
"a crime under which collective
trials long have been held in the
United States for a variety of Of
fenses ranging from sabotage tc
gambling frauds.
Conspiracy against what? That
was the next question.
For an answer Mr.. Jackson turned
to history. He found it in the Fourth
Hague Convention of 1907, laying
down the rules Of warfare, In the
Kellogg BRAND Pact of 1928 BY
(See WAR GRIMES Page A-81
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Potsdam Ban Rejected
By Spain as Unjust;
Franco Asks Reasons
QUESTIONABLE Prepared
For Submission to U. 5.
And British Ambassadors
" the Associated Press.

by the hsscCla.eo russ.
= MADRID, Aug. S Sunday
Generalissimo Francois govern
ment declared today that it ere
jects as arbitrary and unjust
the Big Three's Potsdam decla-
ration excluding Spain from
membership in the United Ma
tionS.
A government statement issued
by the Falange press directorate
added that Spain does not beg a
secondary place in international
conferences" and said similar rea-
sons led Spain under the monarchic
regime to quit the League OF Ma
tions."
Earlier, Franco summoned Span
ish Foreign Minister Alberto Mar
tin Artajo and Cortes Parliament)
President Esteban Bilbao to his
summer home and it was learned
that they were preparing a ques-
tionnaire regarding the Potsdam
communique for submission tomor-
row to the American and British
ambassadors.
Franco Seeks Details.
1t is understood that Franco
wants urgently to know:
First, what economic boycotts
the Big Three intend to impose
on Spain.
Second, what are the specific OBJ.
jections of United Nations leader.
to his organic democracy"-ir
short, would the United Nations bt
satisfied with -Falangist "re.
gency" government for Spain
headed by Franco himself?
It will be Martin Artajo's job tt
travel tomorrow from Frances sum.
mer home at Pazo de Meiras to
the site of the American and British
summer embassies" at San Sebas-
tian on the Bay of Biscay.
There the questions that he and
Franco have drafted, wrapped in
careful diplomatic language, will b.
delivered to American Ambassador
Norman Armour and the British
envoy, Sir Victor Mallet, both oi
whom are awaiting his arrival.
Text of Statement.
The text of the government state
ment today:
I'm the face Of the unusual allu-
sion to Spain contained in the COM
munique issued at the Potsdam Con-
ference, the Spanish state rejects as
arbitrary and unjust the expressions
concerning Spain and considers
them a result of the false atmoS-
phere created by the defamatory
campaign of the Red exiles and
through associates abroad.
Spain, following a course of
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Pro Football Official
Drops Dead Trying to
Aid Drowning Boy
BY the Associated Press.

ATLANTIC CITY. N. j., Aug.
4.-Larner Larry Conover, so,
veteran National Professional
Football League of1icial and a
beach captain here for % years,
collapsed and died today after
running six blocks to assist in
giving artificial respiration to
an 8-year-old boy who was
drowned in the surf.
The one time football star for
Penn State and the Canton
Bulldogs professional team col
lapsed shortly after reaching
the youth. Death was attrib-
uted to overexertion.
Evening star., 1945-08-05

their occupation by Russia and their
incorporation into the Soviet, Mr..
Zadeikis continued:
u cannot believe that United
States policy was changed at Pots
dam. I still believe that some
change in the status Of my country
may be worked out at the peace
conference. Otherwise 1t would be
to reconcile the policy OF
(Sce BALTIC, Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Macarthur Extends
Command 10 Ryukyu,
As Step in Invasion
Will Use Island Chain
South Of Jopon os Base
For Onto Tokyo Drive
(Mdn nm pnne l.dI
MAP on Page Al. J
By the Associated Press.

/
MANILA, Aug. S Sunday
Gen. Macarthur has announced
extension of his Pacific Army
command to the Ryukyu Islands,
thus for the first time assuming
control of conquered japanese
soil in his drive ION to Tokyo" !"
The announcement yesterday de-
clared the Ryukyus, with the. Philip
pines, form q great semicircular
base from which Almighty invasion
force is being forged under the pri-
mary responsibility of Gen. Mac
Arthur for the final conquest of
Japan" .-.E..
1t. Gen. James H. Doolittle's 9th
Air Force, to be based on Okinawa,
will be under 1t. Gen. Carl Spaatz's
Strategic Air Forces, which remain
separate from the Macarthur COM
mand.
Moving Up From Philippines
Units under Gen. Macarthur al
ready in the area or moving up from
the Philippines include Gen. Joseph
Stillwells 10th Army and Gen.
George c. Kenney's Far East Air
Forces, which include the 5th, 7th
and 18th Air Forces.
The extension of command, which
became effective Tuesday midnight,
was not a sudden shift. Gen. Mac
Arthur previously had announced
the appointment of Gen. Stillwell
to succeed the late 1t. Gen. Simon
Bolivar Buckner, jr., as commander
of the Okinawa -conquering 10th
Army.
Admiral Nimitz, under whose over
all command Okinawa and dozen
smaller islands we're occupied, pre-
sumably remained in command of
naval forces in the Ryukyus.
CAS- the command extension
was announced, Senators John
son, Democrat, of Colorado, and
Stewart, Democrat, of Tennessee,
declared in Washington that they
favored promoting Gen. Mac
Arthur to overall command In the
Pacific. They were commenting
on an Okinawa statement by
Gen. Doolittle that an overall
chief Of all armed forces. would
be advantageous.)
Natural Invasion Bridge.
The Ryukyus, extending from
Formosa to the Japanese mainland,
form the natural invasion bridge
which Gen. Macarthur would fol-
low In the ION to Tokyo" declara-
tion he issued February in pro-
claiming the fall of Manila.
Japan still holds the by-passed
Sakishina group, between the Oki-
nawas and Formosa, and the North
ern Amami, Tokara and Osumi
groups.
Okinawa is about 600 miles from
the Philippines and only 325- miles
from Japan's mainland.
The Ryukyus change apparently
was made under the United States
joint chiefs of stan assignments of
April S, dividing Pacific commands.
Gen. Macarthur was then named
commander Of "an Army forces and
resources in the Pacific theater"
and Admiral Nimitz was given COM
mand of all naval forces and re-
sources.
Gen. Spaatz has since been named
to command the United States
Strategic Air Forces, including Gen.
(See MacARTHUR, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Laval Contends
He Saved Blum
And Reynaud
Admits Leohy Asked
Explanation of Nozi
Victory Speech
b. the Associated Press.

b. the Associated Press.
PARIS, Aug. 4.-Pierre Laval
picturing miself as an unwilling
tool of the Nazis, claimed today
at the treason trial of his Vichy
chieftain, Marshal Petain, that
he had prevented the Gestapo
murder of two former French
Premiers.
The arch-collaborator who has
been sentenced to death by Mar
seille court, asserted he saved Leon
Blum and Paul Reynaud from Nazi
firing squads and professed ig-
norance of the murder of Georges
Mandel, celebrated martyr OF anti
German resistance.
Though acknowledging in effect
that he was the most hated man
in France" the swarthy. white-tied
Laval contended he and Petain
saved France from "asphyxiation'
and asserted he twice refused to
enter a military alliance with Ger
many, once at the time OF the Anglo
American landings in North Africa
Digging into the secrets of the
Vichy regime, Laval maintained
that French forces in Africa re-
sisted the Allies ito prevent a Ger
man attack" and revealed that two
American diplomats-one Of them
the former Ambassador to Vichy
Admiral William D. Leahy-had
demanded an explanation for La
val's notorious Il desire a German
victory" speech.
Ends Testimony.
Laval, who wound up his two
days of testimony only a few min
utes before the 18th day Of Pc
:ain's trial ended, declared he saved
Blum and Reynaud from German
firing squads by protesting to the
Germans.
He said that, as chief of the
Vichy government, he learned the
two former premiers of the Third
Republic were going to be shot by
the Germans in reprisal for the
condemnation in Algiers of Pierre
Pucheu (Vichy minister Of the in
terior)."
Laval asserted he also protested
to the Germans and demanded ar
investigation when he learned tina,
Mandel had. been murdered. He
said he heard about the murder
from Joseph Darnand, chief of the
Vichy Gestapo, who Laval asserted
was imposed upon US" by the Ger.
mans.
"Mandel was my friend" Lava
cried. Il regretted his murder ano
l suffered when I learned of 1t.
Laval also denied any connection
with the mysterious death of for
mer Minister of Education Jean Zay
Jean zay also was my friend" he
said.
Hitler Rejected Plea.
Laval also claimed he tried to gel
former Premier Edouard Herriot re.
leased from a German prison, car.
rying the case to Adolf Hitler him.
self, who, however, gave me q
negative response"
Laval, asserting that the Vichy
government made the best of bao
situation after the Franco German
armistice, declared the worst &C.
tions of vichy resulted from direc,
orders of the Germans. Since
France was PROSTATE. the Germans
could have "asphyxiated" her
Hence, he claimed, he and Petair
could only negotiate, trying
wherever possible to dull the edge OF
German demands.
Referring to the sending of $50, ,00C
French workers to Germany-foI
which French public opinion holds
him mainly responsible-Laval said
that in return he obtained the liber-
Evening star., 1945-08-05

MOSCOK, Aug 4 R.C Chinese
sources said today that Premier
r. v. Soong and DR.. Wang Shih-
chieh, China's new foreign minister,
were expected here within four or
five days to resume discussions sus-
pended during the Potsdam meeting.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
(See PETAIN, Page A-4D
Hospital Train Engine
ExpIodes, Killing Crew

BY the Associated Press.
ROWLESBURG, w. Va. Aug. A.
A pusher engine of Baltimore d.
Ohio Railroad military hospital
train exploded here tonight, killing
the engineer and fireman.
A Rowlesburg mortuary identified
the dead as Engineer Dacie Cox Of
Cumberland, Nd, and Fireman l..
D. Lewis, whose address was not
given. sa
None OF the passengers was re-
ported injured.
Evening star., 1945-08-05

member of Parliament and his
job is to deputize for and assist
the First Lord of the Admiralty,
also a civilian and an MP, in
his dealings with Parliament)
No. 10 Downing Street, the OH
cial residence of the Prime Min
lister, announced that Mr.. Attlee's
formal cabinet would be made up
of 20 of the 25 ministers already in
possession of their seals of office.
The newly-named ministers are:
George Tomlinson. IS, works
Lewis Silkin, Sc, town and country
planning; James Grifiiths. S., ma
tional insurance; Lord Winster. go
civil aviation; Edward John tTed)
(See ATTLEE, Page abb
Evening star., 1945-08-05

One additional man from
the District area has been re-
ported killed tn this tcnr. See
"On the Honor Roll" Page Az.
Evening star., 1945-08-05

Rodio ProsSpms. Page CO
Complete Index, Poee Az
Evening star., 1945-08-05

(See SPAIN, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1945-08-05

(See BETHESDA, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1945-08-05

(See ATTLEE, Page abb
Evening star., 1945-08-05

(See SUPER FORTS, Page All
Evening star., 1945-08-05

(See WAR CRIMES, Page ABB
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1945-07-12

the big American plane that had
just got away from them.
They swung their gun to fire
at Jerry and Laura. But Jerry
was ready for that. His first
glance had showed him the
machine-gun button. Now he
pressed it as he swung the plane
up the field, headed directly at
the growing group of Germans
there.
Three of them fell. The others
scattered to the trees.
At the end of the field, Jerry
swung the plane around in a
lurching turn, gave it the gun
and aimed it against the wind
down the field. It picked up
speed quickly. By midfield it's
wheels were off the ground. In
a steep climb Jerry aimed the
plane straight south.
It was five minutes before eth
er he or Laura said a word. Jerry
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1945-07-12

was busy scanning the skies fol
other planes, and for his own
plane which would be ahead OF
them. He was looking carefully
over all controls and dials in the
German plane so as to become
familiar with it.
II wonder how they are on the
other plane-the wounded, I
mean," Laura said, bringing her
thoughts back from battle and
gunfire to her job of nursing.
doc Overton's with them"
Jerry said. 'He can take care of
them"
Laura began to look behind,
wondering when German fight
ers would be after them.
''There'll probably be a cloud
of them pretty soon," she said.
mo, don't think So" Jerry
replied. I'm the first place they
haven't a cloud of fighters in this
part of the world. They've prob