davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Heovy Penalty for Friendship

The heavy and penalty friendship the interests and
webeng Of the American Negro by white
graphically illustrated than in the of Aubrey Williams Roosevelt
designate Eecrifcation Administrator.
Williams will probably be turned down by the Senate for cnma
ton chiefly because he through the expressed interest and
friendness American citizen of Negro ancestry The
white rank heresy and the northern Republicans who
like Mr. Williams theories will doubt kill his
chances for confirmation.
danger openly champonng
first citizenship for the Negro affect the attitudes of count
less whites who would like join the intrepid individuals who
would do something about the problem this country The
white who does criticism aumny and
often ocm from members of his and sadly enough
suspicion from large of the Negro seeks to
attitude the whites,
nonpused and disturbed when the Negro often ILL
disguised dstu Neither the white who calls him "a lover
the responsible their
respective attitudes presented American customs which have nurured
hatred suspicion and fear between the the basic
these manifestations which the white who wants to be
helpful in solving the so-called problem.
Before the problem fully like Williams their
the
nued by the ac fears and doctrines of dadent minds Many
will be make their contributions did WHEREFORE
Lovejoy, Lincoln, Wendell Wke and others No
need tell that takes white of great intestinal fotude and
love of humanity and country in his heart to hold helping hand
We change the the ntoeran
white who reves fellow white for his friendship towards
other believe the Negro thrust aside his ready
suspicion quickly realize that he forward he have
cooperation levels members of the majority That
cooperation will Negroes themselves ook
mouth will Negroes question
the motives of nonNego who does the real turn Co.
will long crise severely mistake
friendly nonNegro makes in his journey into inerac fields
help make the of nteraca cooperation which
is too heavy for too many people to bear.
convince Minnesotas
brownskins that Harold stasen is another Abe Lincoln!
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
S. Sgt. Acie A. Lee
Writes of Fine Paper
and Friends Rack Home

Il AJoNh AAOllC
Dear Editor: l have been receiv-
ing your paper regularly and it is
read and enjoyed by, not only me,
but by practically every member of
this organization. So many times
they have commended you on your
editorials that feel the least can
do is write these few lines to you
and staff relaying the constant
praise l so steadily receive in re-
CARDS to your paper. Your articles
contain such sincereness and truth
that it is an inspiration to all. Keep
up the splendid work.
l haven't lived in st. Paul since
1889, but l am still a Minnesotan
at heart. / read Mary Lewis COL
umn with enthusiasm, and it is real
ly a pleasure to be kept informed
on the activities of my old friends.
Although I'm somewhat late /
would like to express my apprecia-
ton and thanks for the beautiful
cards and packages l received dur
ing the holidays from friends, Hal
lie @. Brown and st. James A.M.E.
church.
Sincerely,
S. Sgt. Acie A. Lee, Jr.
Somewhere in France.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
THE PORT CHICAGO MUTINY
TRIAL - A CHALLENGE. III
We're the SO Negro Seamen Sentenced Given
Hot Foot" by Navy Because of Race Bias?
RU Dan
RY Dan Gardner

all this despite the attempt recent
ly of the Navy to change its clothes
and try to join the company of
other branches of the Service that
have at least passable records of
tolerance and understanding on the
question of race.
25S Men Involved in Case
The American Civil Liberties
Union-News at San Francisco,
California, said that about 258 men
of the 238 men who were star
players in the grim drama that took
place at Port Chicago previously
refused to load ammunition on
August 8, 1914. In this case it
would seem that the Negro sea-
men, who were court martialed and
herded off to Jail were victims of
some kind of discrimination that
tends to show that people were
picked at random as goats in the
trial. These seamen want to know
why fifty men were picked for
court martial and why the whole
258 were not picked.
Some of the men, according to the
American Civil Liberties News,
said they were all lined up and the
officers went along Unfortunately
asking here and there, "Do you
want to work." There were men
who said no." but were never
court martialed. 1t is believed
from the American Civil Liberties
News that the white officers just
got names Unfortunately.
The mental, monotonous tasks to
which the majority of the Negroes
in the Twelfth Naval District are
assigned are as dreary and hope
less as picking cotton with a chain
around ones neck, under a scorch-
ing sun in a field in Mississippi.
The men who worked at the Navy
Supply Depot were put to work as
operator handlers and laborers re-
CARELESS of their past experiences
and qualifications. These boys who
were court martialed were scared
to death" of their jobs after being
eye witnesses to the terrible
tragedy that took the lives of 1922 of
their mates. Such fear was normal
and would be experienced by the
bravest of men regardless of station
or training.
Here's Job for Negro Press
1t is a job for the Negro Press,
Negro organizations, and the in
dividual citizens to see that these
boys get a new trial. President
Roosevelt, as Commander-in- Chief
of the Armed Forces, should order
a new trial Immediately for these
men.
Whatever the average person
thinks of Edgar G. Brown, of the
National Negro Council, credit must
be given him for his tenacity in
pushing issues that are really per-
tinent for the well-being and well
fare of the American Negro and
the nation as a whole. Right now
Edgar G. Brown is circulating petit
tons for one million signatures to
get President Roosevelt to i'm
mediately order a new trial for
these fifty colored sailors accused
of mutiny and sentenced to 5SS
years in prison at Port Chicago in
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
LEGISLATION VS.. Education und F. E. P. c.

meaning daily editorials questioned
practices legislation the premise
that can't ae racial religious prejudice out of existence
MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE editorial March TO- discussed fav
FEPC but the time
question by stating The antas not passed
without opposition which from strong liberals who
tended that possible prohibit prejudice by law all
perience mas shown"
type thinking still further by other opponents
of firm FEPC legislation like Senator Robert Taft of Ohio
the employment practices logical
FEPC discounts the education must
solving this problem of them believe must have
both legislation and education.
great number of opponents provisions
use the educational ne as smoke screen Carey McWams Cali
attorney and so adequately the fears of the
TRBUNEs rOng liberals and those who favor the educational
approach
popular demand for legislation outawng racial dcmina
America the opponents of such legislation increasingly
old that ega
prejudice existence and education the only answer Rea
will be by Obviously subjective
feeling of prejudice cannot be reached by legislation but legislation
certainly be used to prevent discrimination.
and effect when fail distinguish between
Discrimination prejudce-eect Rather than to
that people discriminate against racial mnoe because they are
pejucd think is somewhat accurate the OBJ
servaon certainly pernenthat preudiced because
discriminate 1t is the constant practice of discrimination that
breeds and perperates prejudice
eff legislation effectively against employees
their trade union affiliations then similar legislation be equally
preventing discrimination against employees because of
their ancestry the color of their skins To maintain the contrary to
engage in double-talk.
Actually the falsely posed issue of 1g
Advocates legislative not far
know opposed educational measures designed to eradicate
prejudice completely false ridiculous issueOr
such opposition should exist
Legislation educaion-t is education The point is that
we wat longer afford to stall around until by
pese majority indicate that they have been educated out of
preudes Discrimination papable evil democracy
exists daylight Only miserable minority condones dcmina
American life Why must wait therefore, in Ouawing dis
elimination?
advocates of white realistic about such
the forces of good will in America The white supremacy
bows have long relied upon discriminatory legislation gsa
which preucal attitudes alive In the
country. They that legislation is important.
Legislation education for
agreed that the phrase completely misleading Of course
intensified educational should
legislative gain But right the of the present situation
necessarily assigns high priority to legislative means by which we
can safeguard democracy in America"
private s. Army stationed somewhere in the South
Pac recently sent the NAACP $500 life membership Makes
some of caterwaung about paying dollar
Ito fight rights look like bunch of real pkers
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Whut Job? Young Mon. Young Womon!

of postwar planning the Urban Vocational
Guidance The
matter of their selection of their ~ vocation vitality important
This in ST. Paul the churches assisting the program
Proper vocational guidance will help hundreds young folk
wasting their talent blind alley jobs jobs which they
suited The situation of the Negro youth
from that of the majority for the Negro restricted
However, such restrictions being
public opinion and most important by the themselves
ery counseed and directed by
Vocational Guidance clinics.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

Editors Note: This is the second in a
series Of articles on a subject that is of
vital concern to Negroes and whites every
where who would see that justice be done
and who would not want the postwar record
of a minority group blemished or impugned
because Of race, creed or color in the
destinations of military justice during war
time.)
The Port Chicago Mutiny Trial,
in which fifty Negro seamen were
sentenced to terms as follows-ten
men to fifteen years, twenty-four
men to twelve years, eleven men to
ten years, five men to eight years
is as rank and disgusting a spectacle
of justice miscarried as any
kangaroo court set up in the deep
South or in the rickety cell of some
two by four jailhouse where
bunch of ragged prisoners gang up
and give the works to the timid
newcomer.
Usually there is a tendency on
the part of Negroes to boiler once
or twice about matters of this kind
and then quietly and even timidly to
duck into their respective holes and
pull the holes in behind them be-
cause of fear of reprisals. 1 think
we are beyond that stage now. We
are just as much entitled to frank
and honest discussion of things that
affect US as is any other American
group.
Boys Get Navy Hot Foot"
These boys, it appears, were given
the "hot foot" by the Navy in this
case and the term "hot foot" is
mild manner of describing some
thing that would probably have a
more vulgar description if the boys
on the corners were asked their
views on what actually went on.
The spectacle of fifty men, I'M
nerved and shaken by the tragedy
in which 1922 of their fellow work
ers were killed in one of the most
horrible explosions of ammunition
on record, ordered to pick up the
heads, arms, legs, torsos, etc., of
the victims and load them in
baskets certainly isn't pretty one
to add to any official collection and,
if the Navy is proud of it, a new
high in callousness has come about
in official circles.
Despite their classifications in
other kinds of skills, the fifty men
now in Federal Penitentiary, had
been placed on a monotonous as
signment in loading high explosive
ammunition from three to twenty
three months. It has been said that
until the time of the alleged
"mutiny" their record for conduct
had been perfect. Yet, before the
seven-man General Court Martial
Board that was held at Yerba,
Buena Island, California, headed by
Rear Admiral H. w. Osterhaus, the
Advocate General, 1t. Commander
James F. Coakley, in prosecuting
these men called them "insolent,"
"smart-alecky," "cowardly," with
out character" and many other
epithets in his summary.
The record of the Navy toward
the Negro has been smelly" and
no other term that is polite enough
to put in a newspaper can describe
the prejudices, discriminatory
practices, contempt, and indiffer-
ence with which the Negro has been
regarded by the Navy all along and
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Letters
Sgt. Milton BeaufOrd
Requests Home Paper


Dear Editor: At the request of
my brother, Sgt. Milton Beauford,
l am sending you a one years sub
scription to your paper for him. /
have been saving my copies then
sending them on to him. He is serv-
ing his country overseas.
Kindly start the subscription with
this weeks issue if possible. He
informs me that he passes the pap
ers on to other Minnesota boys in
his outfit. Needless to say they en-
joy the news from home greatly.
Yours truly,
Mrs. Nelson Balenger,
st. Paul.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
CARD OF THANKS

wish TO express my deep gratitude for
the testimonial banquet given for me re-
Gently. May l extend special thanks for
the hard work Of the committee in charge.
including Paul Tinge. Viena P. johnson,
Edwin Salter, Louis Mason, James Robert
son, Maceo LittlejOhn, Florence Wallin.
Cyrus Lewis, VIM. Heron, Nellie Stone,
and Anna Lewis. Prank Boyd.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

CLOSE AS YOUR PHONE
Our news service to readers is as
close as your phone. If you have
news for the paper and live in Min
neapolis, call BR 1896 or Midway
8340. If you reside in st. Paul
ring CEDAR 1922 or Midway 8340.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Jimmy Byrnes Hos Our Permission

The Minneapolis Mers American Association baseball team is
importing ball players fill the in their lineup which
losses due to the demands on manpower
American boys who would like play Tor
they happen to be black It's all right In organized
black the player comes from Cuba
he an American the unwrtten law immed
ae swings into operation American Pasme" bows in
direct Negro ruled out This unwren base
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

The good enough" or call they
deserve" type of newspaper will
not achieve influence
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
MILITARY SECRET

MILITARY SECRET
Too often a military secret is
anything which tells of the achieve
ment of Negro troops.-Chicago
Defender.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16
Discharged Sailor
Still Reads Paper

Dear Editor: Enclosed you will
find my check for subscription to
your paper. would like to take this
opportunity to thank you for for
warding the paper free to me while
in service awaiting my medical dis
charge.
Sincerely,
Horace H. (Buzzie) Browne.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-03-16

Horace H. (Buzzie) Browne.
Evening star., 1945-05-23
House Leaders Call q Halt
To Members Overseas Juunts

The cancellation move came only
few days after Representative Don-
dero, Republican, of Michigan. one
of those set to go, reported Presi-
dent Truman had given the overseas
trips his blessing. Mr.. Dondero said
the President told MIN the jaunts
would be helpful" in giving men,
bels a chance to study conditions In
War-torn lands.
Representative Wickersham, Dem
ocrat, of Oklahoma, another who
had his plans changed, said Mr.
Ray burn agreed with Mr.. Truman
but was opposed TO having the trips
interfere with key legislation. He
said he was certain Mr. Truman
held the same belief.
Accordingly. we have called off
our trip" MI Wickersham said.
However, when the House calendar
gets clear again, we hope to still
arrange to 60"
Representative Morrow, Republi-
can. of New Hampshire commented
that we Republicans who planned
TO go could have gone without the
Democrats, suppose, but we decided
TO wait. too, in view of the impor-
tant business before the House"
A group of Senators was reported
still planning to leave this week
despite the House move.
Evening star., 1945-05-23
By the Associated Press.

House leaders called halt today
to proposed overseas inspection
jaunts OF several members of Con-
gress.
The breakdown was reported by
members OF group scheduled TO
leave this week for Europe. Some
had made all preparations, includ-
ing required immuniZation shots" "
They told reporter that Speaker
Rayburn had asked them politely
but firmly to call off their tour
while important business is before
the House
In addition, House Ma jority Whip
Ramspeck, whose duty it is to round
up members for important votes.
issued statement criticizing the
touring legislators.
There are about IS House MEM
berS now in Europe, who ought to be
here for important votes,' he de-
clared. They were not elected to
Congress for the purpose of touring
Europe"
The controversial reciprocal trade
bill, now before the chamber. and
the Breton Woods monetary agree
ment are expected to come up soon
Also, several appropriations bills
must be cleared before the fiscal year
ends June 80.
Evening star., 1945-05-23
War Bonds
Continued From First PageD

fantryman Badge for exemplary
conduct in action against the
enemy" is one of So wounded in
fantrymen touring the country SELL
ing bonds.
George Bissett and Les Rucker.
co-chairmen of the Civitsn Clubs
War Bond Committee, said the
sky's the limit" as the goal of the
organization for the Mighty Sew
enth" War Loan drive. The mem
bership purchased more than $780,
600 in bonds in the Sixth War Loan
campaign, Mr.. Bissett said.
The Civitan Club is the first of
the Districts many civic and fra
ternal groups to announce the
amount purchased by members.
Members buying bonds yesterday
following 1t. Lynott's talk were
Ashby Leeth of Leeth Bros, tire
dealers, sl0.500; Yates Dowell, pat
ent attorney, $1,000; Tom Crowell,
oil dealer, $4,000. and Les Rucker
radio dealer. $225.
Celebrated Liberation.
Other bond purchases made here
yesterday stood out among the 81,
100000 sales recorded. First, the
wife of an American sergeant
liberated from German prison
Evening star., 1945-05-23

operations within the space OF a
month with the statement they could
not continue business under OPA
ceiling prices.
Reopening OF the Kilsheimer
slaughterhouse by the Giant stores
firm was decided on despite the ex-
pectation the company would have
TO operate 1t at a loss, Mr.. DAN
zansky said
THE company will have to
slaughter at loss but it doesn t
mind absorbing that loss for good
will purposes the attorney said. He
said 1t was expected that produc-
tion would be stepped up to $4,000
pounds or higher soon. The slaughter
will be mainly of calves and lamb,
plus "a few cattle" he added.
Evening star., 1945-05-23
Memorial Day to Bring
Gen. Clark to CHICAGO

1t. Gen Mark w. Clark, whose
Allied 18th Army group defeated
the Germans in Italy will f1y from
Italy to Chicago for Memorial Day
celebration. the War Department
announced yesterday. At the Clark
home in the Kennedy Warren
Apartments it was said no informa-
ton had been received about the
trip aside from the War Department
announcement.
Evening star., 1945-05-23
Tito Reported Studying
Compromise Proposals

Special dispatch to The Star and the
EIGHTH H0''1tR ARMY WY fiEs, HEADouAR.
TIERS, May 23.-According to un-
confirmed reports from Belgrade,
Marshal Tito now Is considering a
compromise plan for settlement of
the Trieste occupation dispute. The
plan is reported to involve the fol-
lowing points:
l. The Allied Military Govern
ment to be established throughout
the entire area under dispute, ex-
actly as in other occupied regions,
but with the difference that the
AMG there would operate through
civilian bodies esta blished by the
Yugoslavs wherever such bodies
command the sincere support OF
local inhabitants
2. The port of Trieste to be placed
under British control and complete
facilities provided for British and
American troops, who would be sent
in to operate the port for the pur-
pose of establishing a suitable sup
ply base for British occupation
forces in Austria.
(Under existing conditions, with
the Yugoslavs occupying almost
all available buildings and ware
houses in the vicinity OF the har-
Dor, it has been impossible for
the British to utilize the port in
satisfactory manner.
The limited tonnage which so
far has been unloaded has had TO
be reloaded into trucks and
driven so miles or more TO Brit
ish supply dumps west of the
ISonzoJ
3. The railroads leading to Villach
and Klagenfurt. in Southern Aus
tria, TO be placed under British con-
troll and complete facilities provided
TO troops who would be sent in to op-
crate these lines for as long as the
period of Austria's s occupa ton lasts.
4. The Yugoslavs to desist from
taking political measures calculated
to bring about the virtual annexa-
tion of Venezia Giulia prior to the
peace conference. at which the PROB
lem will be theoretically settled.
In return for these concessions,
the British are said to be ready 20
permit limited numbers of Yugoslav
troops to cooperate in the occupa-
ton of the disputed area and to see
to it that Italian Fascists are not
permitted to regain control of civil
ian bodies working under the super
vision of the AMG.
tCopyrisht, la45, Chicaao Daily News Inc.
Evening star., 1945-05-23

that these were believed generally
in accord with the principles laid
down by Marshal Alexander. >
Yugoslavs Claim Port.
Yugoslavs had occupied the port
and claimed it az a part of their
kingdom. The Allies insisted that
any territorial change must be enun-
ciated at the peace conference and
not by unilateral action.
The movement Of Allied forces
into new areas east of the Isonzo
River was accomplished without re-
ported incidents. Allied officers were
saluted briskly and with respect by
Yugoslav sentries at most places,
although they obviously were sur
prised by the sudden appearance Of
so many Allied vehicles.
Gen. Freyberg's dinner was said
to have had no significance SO far
as the Trieste situation was con-
cerned Invitations were reported
issued week ago.
1t was believed here that the
Yugoslavs may wish to keep some
troops In the Trieste area even after
turning the disputed area over to
the Allied military administration.
This question may delay final settle
ment of the controversy.
Trieste civilians, predominantly
Italian, seemed to sense that the
dispute could not continue indefi-
nitely. A subdued holiday spirit
prevailed along the water front last
night.
Street lights burned brilliantly.
Music came from many open win
dows. In hills behind the city, many
villas were sblaze until late in the
NIGHT