davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The approaching confirmation Of
former Vice President Wallace's ap-
pointment to be Secretary of Com
merce shoves into the foreground the
Murray full employment" bill. This
bill, which was introduced by Senator
Murray of Wyoming for himself and
Senators Wagner of New York, Thomas
OF Utah and OMahoney of Wyoming,
all Democrats, seeks to set up a sys-
tenn to assure full employment in this
country-with the Federal Government
carrying on if and when private in
dustry fails to provide enough jobs.
More than that, the Federal Govern
law would undertake to bolster private
industry. When that bolstering takes
place 1t is likely to be at price.
The reason the Murray bill steps into
the hmelight, along with Mr.. Wallace,
is that its detectives, and probably
its performances, are right in line with
the theories and program for full en-
ployment laid down by the former Vice
President in his statement to the Senate
Commerce Committee not long ago.
Whether the bill will ever become law
is another matter. Mr.. Wallace-be-
cause Of his ideas-received what
amounted to a vote of no confidence in
both the House and Senate, when those
bodies voted for the passage of the
George bill, stripping from the Com
merce Department the RFC and other
great Federal lending agencies as pre-
requisite to confirmation of the Wallace
appointment.
In brief, the bill provides for Ma
tlonal Production and Employment
Budget to be transmitted to Congress
at the beginning of each regular SEES
sion. This budget would set forth the
estimated aggregate volume of invest
ment and expenditure by private enter
prises. consumers, State and local and
Federal governments. 1t would also esti-
mate the size of the labor force, in
GLIDING the self-employed in industry
and agriculture. If it appears that en-
ployment offered by private industry,
agriculture and tie various State, local
and Federal governments is insufficient
then recommendations will be made
to aid private industry-and to provide
Government employment if necessary.
This is superpianning. While on the
surface it leaves great deal to private
initiative, underneath it looks to regi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
Fronco-BeIeiun Pact

The commercial agreement just
concluded between the French and
Belgian governments is, in itself,
matter of some Importance. But
its significance is enhanced by the
fact that it is merely part of fnan-
cial and political exchanges be-
tween the two regimes which seem
to be progressing favorably and
which involve parallel conversations
with the Netherlands government
as well. Obviously an attempt is
being made to iron out the complex
problems which must be solved be-
fore a constructive postwar settle
ment can be made in Western
Europe. Much remains to be done,
but this preliminary agreement is a
sign of progress toward the larger
goal.
The specific agreement arrived at
between France and Belgium in
cludes the small yet industrially
Important principally of Luxem-
bourg, which has already concluded
an economic union with Belgium.
The political implications are indi-
Gated by the fact that the negotia-
tors were the foreign ministers
rather than the ministers of finance
and commerce. Parallel with their
negotiations went conferences be-
tween the governors of the Banks
OF France and Belgium, who fixed
the exchange rates between the
French and Belgian francs. The
trade agreement itself specifies ex-
changes of long list of commod-
tiles ranging from coal, coke and
iron ore to manufactured items and
farm products. The principle I'M
DERIVING all these economic negotia-
lions, including the Netherlands, is
for the four countries to rebuild
their shattered economic structures
in such fashion as to avoid the I'M
economic competition which pre-
vailed before the war. The posi-
bility of customs union has been
discussed, though no immediate
action along this line is at present
contemplated.
AS to the political overtones in
the negotiations, the French official
communique stated that the foreign
ministers found themselves '.in
broad agreement" on the problems
concerning Germany's' reconstruc-
ton and. world security, while
French dfcial spokesman stated
that the Belgian government agreed
in principle that the Rhineland
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
New Gallery President

The election of Samuel H. KreSs of
New York to the presidency of the
Board of Trustees of the National
Gallery is an event of more than
ordinary significance. It marks a
stage in the progress of the institu-
ton which he now is to head. Also,
1t represents graceful acknowledge
ment of his contributions to the
gallery dating back to- the summer
of 1889.
Perhaps the whole story of his
gifts never can be told during Mr..
Kress' lifetime. He shuns public
attention, and-Wany of his benefac-
tons have been concealed on that
account. But it long has been COM
mon knowledge that he was the first
individual to accept the invitation
of Andrew w. Mellon to share in the
development of great national
collection of superior works of art in
the Nations Capital. The former
Secretary of the Treasury gave the
building and all of his own pictures,
bronzes and marbles, expressing in
the announcement of his intention
the hope that other persons would
wish to collaborate. At the time, Mr..
Mellon and Mr.. Kress were rivals as
collectors and, though natives of the
same State, strangers. But their
detectives were the same, and before
the Gallery was opened in 1910, Mr..
Kress' original presentation had
been received. 1t consisted of thirty
million dollars worth of paintings
by Fra Angelica, Masolino, Filippo
Lippi, Ghirlandaio, Mantegna, Gio-
vanni Bellini, Giorgione, Titan and
Tintoretto and sculptures by such
masters as Luca and Andrea della
Robbia, Verrocchio, Rossellino and
SenSovino.
A second gift of ninety items,
including works by Raphael, Melozzo
da Forli, Dosso Dossi, Baronzio and
Filipino Lippi, was announced in
the name of Mr.. Kress last year. He
also contributed an important group
of French pictures much desired by
the gallery. Meanwhile, he was
chosen . trustee, serving under the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27

parallels the Roer for only a part of
that rivers course. The Roer flows
northwestward into the Mas at Roer-
mond. But the Erft,> after passing
Bedburg, swings northeast past Grew
enbreich and falls into the Rhine Just
south of Dusseldorf
1t thus forms an arc covering Cologne,
which might be defensible for time
even if our forces reached the Rhine
north of the confluence of the Rhine
and the Erft.
This general area is the so-called
peninsula" between the Rhine and
the Mas, into the northern end of
which the LIST Canadian Army is fight
ing its way southwark The western
face of this peninsula is formed bv
the Mas, of which the Germans hold
the eastern bank from Afferden south
to Roermond.
This is the sector of the British I'd
Army, which has not yet attacked in
full force, but may do SO at any mo-
ment. The southern end of the penin-
sula is protected between the bend of
the Erft and the Mas, chiefly by
the heavily built-up area around Muen-
-Gladbach, which may well prove
an obstacle more formidable than small
rivers such as the Erft or Roer.
One further comment seems appro-
pirate at this time In all Gen. Essen
howers battles he has sought, and has
to considerable degree obtained, an
element of surprise.
In each case 1t has been surprise
which has clinched his victory. In
the current battle along the western
front, the only surprise element which
has so far appeared is the sudden
attack by the Canadian LIST Army. and
that was only q partial surprise.
It Is, therefore, permissible to con-
lecture that there may be q further
surprise element, Of q more important
and perhaps decisive character, which
forms part Of Gen. Eisenhower's plan,
but has not yet appeared.
In addition to the armies which are
at present wholly or partially engaged,
Gen. Eisenhower still has at his dis
posal the LIST Allied Airborne Army and
possibly the equivalent of new Amer
lean Army composed of those divisions
which, Secretary Stimson tells us, have
been streaming into France in increas-
ing nunbens ever since the opening Of
Antwerp, I'd especially during the past
four weeks
tccpyrisht. 194B)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Romania is suffering from political
pains according to reports received In
Washington from Bucharest and other
ceEters where there are American OBJ
servers.
There have been severe outbreaks and
bloody disturbances under the eyes of
the Allied Control Commission and
the Red Army of occupation. These
outbreaks are not due so much to hunger
and privations, but to political reasons.
The Romanian Communists, who are
still very few In number compared with
the total population, are said to be
attempting to form pure" govern
ment, although the bulk of the country
is not yet prepared to adopt their
philosophy. At one of the tests taken
about three weeks ago at the Romanian
industrial center at Reshitza, only 800
votes out of total of 5000 working men
were cast in favor Of Communism.
~ xH
This lack of organization on the part
Of the Romanian Communists is easy
to understand Under the administra-
ton of King Carol Communism had
been severely suppressed and under the
regime of the Naziphile Gen. Ion An
VoiAcoSo VIC icHidiillilk SOiuIIlulllbC gym.
pathizers were ruthlessly destroyed
Hence, when Romania surrendered
and the Red armies were established in
that country there was no Communist
organization to take over the govern
ment. 1t seems that there was not even
an able Romanian Communist In Mos
COW who could be sent to Bucharest to
take the situation in hand"
Assistant Foreign Commissar Adrei
Vishinsky went to Bucharest soon after
the armistice was concluded to talk over
matters with the Russian general in
command and with whatever Romanian
Communist sympathizers he could find.
After a survey Of the situation he de-
cided that for the time being the Rus
sian authorities could deal only with the
Romanian generals who had not been
on good terms with Gen. Antonescu.
The only near Communist" that
could be found with any ability was
man by the name of Lucretiu Pat
rascano, who was placed in the cabinet
and began to organize a Moscow
party composed of Romanian trade
unionists together with the handful of
Communists whose number does not
exceed per cent of the total population.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
The New Offensive
By Maj. George FIELDING Eliot

The information at present available
on the great Allied offensive in the West
is very much like the first scattered
returns of an election when just few
minor voting precincts have reported
here and there.
What we know so far is this:
The enemy has not seen fit to make
strong stand within his rather extern
sively-organized defensive zone between
the Roer and the Erft Rivers.
As result, the Roer River has now
ceased to be military obstacle. Both
the LIST and 9th United States Armies
are well across the river, in growing and
expanding strength.
The next question is whether the
Germans will make anything more
than delaying stand along the Erft
River and its paralleling canal and
the heights just east of the river known
as Das Vorgesbirge. These barriers
cover the approaches to Cologne.
AS this is written, American troops
OF the LIST Army have reached Blatzheim,
on the main Dueren-Cologne highway
about 5 miles from the Erft. This
highway crosses the Erft ut Modrath,
which is about miles from Cologne.
The crossing of the Erft on the Julich-
Cologne road is at. Bergheim, some S
miles northwest Of Modrath. Another
5 miles northwest there is another
crossing of some Importance at Bed
burg, reached from Julich by secondary
roads. Both these latter crossings are
in the 9th Army's sector.
Should our advancing troops reach
these crossing points and capture them
in the course OF two or three days fight
ing-that is against mere delaying re-
sistance-we could be fairly sure that
the Germans are making general with
drawal across the Rhine, though adj
ditional delaying action might be expect
ed in the heavily built-up area around
Cologne and perhaps in the city itself.
On the other hand, should really
heavy fighting, accompanied by sharp
local counterattacks with armor and
self-propelled guns, develop along the
Erft River front, the suspicion would
begin to take form that the Germans
are compelled to stand and nght it out
to decision west of the Rhine.
It should, however, be noted that
considerable INTEREST," attaches to that
part of the new hghtihg area which ID
not covered by the nrft. This stream
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27

1t would appear from the latest dis
patches received in Washington that
this organization has now progressed
sufhciently to start moving toward
thorough change in the country. Seri-
Gus violence in the principal cities OF
King Michael's kingdom is reported.
These were Immediately suppressed by
the government, which believes it is sup
ported by Moscow
In the meantime, however, the official
newspaper Prayda, which Is the best
Moscow political barometer, is denounc-
ing the Romanian government activities
and Is complaining that the armistice
conditions are not being scrupulously
fulfilled.
The main complaint, however, is that
the Romanian government, which has
been formed with the approval Of the
Kremlin, Is not quick enough in its
methods of purging Fascist and Nazi
sympathizers. There have been no such
spectacular purges as in Bulgaria, where
Prince Cyril, the brother of the late
King Boris and the uncle of the present
boy King Simeon, was executed.
The Romanian Communists, being
even in smaller numbers than those in
Bulgaria. are loudly complaining at the
Slowness OF the purg1ng processes. They
are said to consider King Michael and
the entire royal family as Fascist SYM
pathizers and want them tried by a
peoples tribunal of their own choice.
They consider as traitors anybody who
had been even remotely connected with
the Antonescu regime.
The recent outburst of Pravda con-
corning conditions in Romania is in
terpreted to mean that the present dis
turbances will soon be followed by a
large-scale revolution. The police forces
at the disposal of the government are
weak. They can cope with the disturb
ances so long as the Russians maintain
neutral attitude. But when Moscow
decides that the handful of Communists
is sufficiently organized to take over,
there is little doubt that the Red Army
will cease to be neutral and, on the
ground that order must be preserved in
accordance with the armistice terms,
the present government will resign.
A Communist administration is ex-
pected to be installed with full powers
to carry out a thorough purge of the
country from top to bottom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27

should be detached from the Reich.
although details remained to be
worked out. Belgian official COM
ment, however, was reserved,
while the Belgian press continues
to reflect approximations regarding
French claims to predominant or
even exclusive control over the en-
tire Rhine Valley. This is an ex-
tremely delicate subject, involving
Britain and the concept Of a West
European bloc, which London de-
sires, but which Moscow disap-
proves, with France apparently try
ing to play a balancing role. The
whole situation is obviously fluid,
with many conflicting trends.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
Words Thut Live On

Inc March issue OF the Natl0nal
Geographic Magazine features a long
and copiously illustrated article en-
titled Return to Florence" written
by young officer of the USAAF who
did not live to see his words in
type. 1t is profoundly moving
story of the air attack upon the
ancient city on the Arno, the capital
OF Tuscany, preserving the impress
sions of one who had visited and
loved the place in time of peace and
now fatefully was coming back in
time Of war. The article itself
should be remembered, and the
author will not be forgotten in
Washington. His name was Benja-
min c. Mccartney, one of the sons
Of the minister of the Covenant
First Presbyterian Church. Work
ing as a bombardier, he served
on forty-nine combat missions, was
wounded by fax near Milan on Sep
TENDER 20 last and died in Corsica
on october /.
But Lieutenant McCartney's career
was not finished. 1t happens that he
was man who loved the elemental
beauty of the English language and
consciously strove to perfect himself
in its use. How well be succeeded is
demonstrated not only in his Ma
tional Geographic article. His skin
in writing also has been proven in
an account of a flight to Oran which
was published in Tomorrow for
January and, most particularly, in
his observations of Deming Army
Air Field, his training base in New
Mexico, printed in a recently re-
leased college textbook, Modern
Writing by Willard and Margaret
Farrand Thorp.
Not all the lost heroes of the
Second World War have been fortu-
nate enough to leave their mark so
high or in such indelible form; yet
1t is good to believe that many share
that privilege with Lieutenant Nc
Carthey.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27

Craftsmanship OF Paul Mellon and
David X. E. Bruce, respectively, the
son and the son-in-law of Mr..
Mellon. Succeeding them, he adds
to the debt of gratitude which his
country owes him for his generosity
of his counsel as well as wealth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
AAF Report

themselves, encompasses the whole
globe. A reading of it leaves one
heady with a vision Of American
power projecting itself through the
limitless reaches of the sky to the
remotest corners of the world -
power destined to loom as large in
the next peace as 1t does now in the
war with Germany and Japan.
The report leaves no room for
doubt that the Armys fighters and
bombers have been a prime and in
dispensable factor in preparing the
way for victory over the Axis. The
section on Germany and the Med
iterranean theater is particularly
Illuminating on this score. Here the
whole patterrN purpose and effect of
strategical and tactical bombing are
made so clear that any layman
must be convinced of the unique
deadliness of the plane and of it's
tremendous potentialties in relation
to the long future.
General Arnold discusses such a
variety of operations that brief and
adequate summary of his report is
not possible. What he has to say
about the AAF in action against
Germany, however, is especially in
teresting. In his opinion, the week
OF February 20-26 of last year may
be looked upon in the future as
week marking one of the most deci-
sive battles in the history of the
world. This was the week when
American bombers and fighters in
augurated an about assault on Nazi
aircraft plants. At it's end, the
Luftwaffe had been definitely beaten
and from then on its ability to cope
with our attacks went into a perma-
nent decline. How this profoundly
important change in the balance of
air power had direct bearing on
D day in the following June, and on
later events, including Won Rund-
stedt's counteroffensive last Deem
Der, is graphically set forth by Gen.
eral Arnold.
Other interesting and significant
points in the report cover the AAF's
operations in the Pacific and now
directly against Japan itself, with
the Super Fortresses beginning to
play a major role. But while draw
ing picture Of great achievements,
General Arnold is at pains to stress
the difficulties and complexities still
to be surmounted. He also reminds
us that although the AAF has won
immense victories since Pearl Har-
Dor, dropping over 100000 tons of
bombs and destroying more than
$1,000 German and Japanese planes
up to the end of 1914, our own losses
in the same period have not been
light, totaling 14,173 aircraft de-
stroyed by enemy action.
But the overall impression left by
General Arnold's report-he calls 1t,
aptly, combat narrative"-is one
Of magnificent and heroic accom-
plishment. Our strength in the sky
is truly awe-inspiring, and it is
something which we shall have to
maintain wisely and with foresight
in the postwar world. The chief of
the AAF makes this point with the
greatest cogency in his discussion of
research and development and more
specifically in his concluding section
on air powers revolutionary future.
America, if it is to be secure, can
never again be Indifferent to the
perfection of it's arms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27
Georgia Free Stote

Frofn inc 6t. Louis Post-Dlspatch.
There Is something inspiring in
Georeia's abolition of the poll tax. This
action by State which 10 years ago
was sneeringly referred to as bog of
bigotry- action. we emphasize, which
the Georgians took on their own initia-
tive and not as the result of outside
pressure and campaigning shows again
that self-help and self determination
are the greatest assets man individually
or collectively can have.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-27

1t looks as though Turkey had
gotten into the war just in time to
be assigned to X. P. 1t is said that
her job will be to get the rats nests
out of the Aegean Sea. This will
remind her of the cleanup by Her
cules of the Augean stables.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-02-10
Graduation Takes
Star Athlete From
Northwestern High

Ronald feaslos s'af Nuls'c ~
Nor'h@ stern lleh sseo sada
aicd win 'he litter class ie
tcfu mlaAiue MS asf hieh hon
eaao lHst Friday Ronald is lh.
'if~' Neefn lal 20 hctenc capain
ef Northwestern ldsh nan
lic VIII greatly miSs.f ly
ihc Colts since he vas fou
F'i'f man "a heshftnsll fnar
leifcr nan IN hssthsii ara won
t"o lsti.rs n foethnil Rut lAs
Soils loss will te snolhe esn
if'ftnsf he pen- % cii,r Nayn,
unisorsi'1 his fan
F.aVur in ~ san,s fa s,
.'on ho as hr'n hish goini ntn
% me fsam scorinn more lrn
lm point No only has h, hcn
s'af ~ athletics. hpf also STAR
r'd % schlarship rated a. An
ail a STUDENT
Rceosnnion was given Ronald
~nen b" WAS chosen tcr iht pee
HAN .of fame by me Detroit Times
ami TO- fwo successive times ihH
~ made airciiy teams Mua an
enNaple record both in afhlei.os
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-02-10
Sam Hughes And
Eddie Taylor Meet
AT Arcadia Monday


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The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-02-10

'o''''' ~" ''"''
OF ~ fre Nieen that qualified
81 bowl ~ 'ne reNaa ropins US
were pefroter. IN, ,hn,e ont ~
towners were Cleveland Cox of
Cl,telara omo J acs Marshall
and Harr, Wilson hoin from Chi.
cage 49,
The tourney lasted s DAYS
Eigh'f-ihroc entries participated.
ard they came from mary sections
81 the country Tne frs, iwo DAYS
t6e PARTICIPANTS rolled - games ~
q0aaf, Nany wcre eliminated.
vnor Tic 50 eare rolnd-robin 50,
underway FRIDAY morning
Two Thousand dollars BE- cash
was divided among ihc winners.
ani the large crowd thar pad 81
~trt~- me great haltle of the
a..,s- was well pleased when Che
isst Vas over Cox Isl "a true cham
unn far ~ haa 70 compete with
ne hesi howlers 2 The country.
>csrr hcfor, in the history 81
howinr have the fans seen such
one cNhihiton ~ Mn ,pillirg
After the games ncmbcrs ~ the
National Bowling association were
Introduced George Porter, cxecu-
t,c secretary Of The MA
Robert TAYLOR. secretary 81 the
Motor Cny Rowling League Mary
Nlkes tournament director ~
Cleveland OHIO, Arthur Se~ell.
president ~ the association. and
many others were among those IN
,rodacod
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-03-20
Township Officers

Fatalism Is the doctrine that all
Things happen according to pre-
arranged fate, necessity or inexor-
able decree. al