davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-21

Statehood for three United States
territories and inSular possessions will
be knocking at the door of Congress
when that body reconvenes-AlaSka.
Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Bills proposing
statehood for all three have been intro
duced and are before the congressional
committees on territories and insular
possessions. Secretary of the Interior
Ickes, under whose department the
affairs of these possessions are admin
istered, about a week ago recommended
that statehood be extended to Alaska,
on the theory that large postwar de-
velopment will take place in that terri
tory, and that Alaska will offer field
for men returning from the armed
services
While the census of 1910 gives Alaska's
population as 72500, estimates in the
Interior Department now place the
population at between 10000 and 100 900,
outside of the men in the armed services
now stationed there. If these estimates
are correct. Alaska has outstripped
Nevada in population. It's area is 586 400
square miles, or more than twice that
of the State of Texas. Alaska's three
leading industries have been salmon cam
ming, gold mining and furs. Gold
mining has been shut down for several
years, though not for lack Of gold, but
merely as a Government policy. The
Territory's resources are vast, however,
and for the most still untapped, largely
due to lack of adequate transportation
facilities.
Delegate Bartlett Alaska's Repre-
sentative in the House, who has voice
in that body but no vote, introduced
a bill granting statehood to Alaska on
July 81 1t is now before the House
Committee on Territories, headed by
Representative Peterson of Georgia.
That committee is at present in Alaska,
looking into its government and general
situation-indeed, it has been there for
about three weeks. Upon the return of
the committeeman and the opening of
Congress it is expected that the question
Of statehood will be thoroughly dis
cussed. Representative Jed johnson of
Oklahoma. Democrat, chairman of an
appropriations subcommitte dealing with
expenditures for Alaska, has recently
returned from this far northern terri
tory and cast cold water on the state
hood proposal, declaring that Alaska
and its people were not yet ready for
admission to the Union as a State.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

The note sent to Sofia Saturday by
Secretary of State Byrnes telling the
Georgiev cabinet that in the opinion
of the American Government 1t does
not represent the Bulgarian people will
soon be followed by similar notes to
other governments of Eastern and
Southern Europe.
Washington is being strongly sup
ported by the British labor government,
which fully shares the opinion of Presi-
dent Truman and Secretary Byrnes that
democracy must not be used as cloak
under which new type of tyrant and
dictator can conceal themselves.
On his return from Potsdam, where
he learned more about what is going
on in Europe than in all the reports
from his diplomatic representatives
abroad, President Truman decided that
as soon as the war in Asia was ended,
the American Government would assert
itself once more as the defender of
the basic principles of the Atlantic
Charter without which the San Fran
cisco Charter cannot be fully operative
Mr.. Truman obtained first hand in
formation that the new governments in
most parts of Europe are in the hands
of little dictators who have assumed
power in the wake of the armies of
liberation. These men maintain them
selves in Office with the help of
ruthless secret police.
-
In order to comply with the provisions
of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements,
they decided to hold elections which
they intend to hold along the lines
of those ordered by Hitler and the
other totaltarian leaders in Europe.
According to the plans formulated by
the new totalitarian regimes, and re-
ported to Washington by the Amer
ican official observers on the spot, no
one but the loyal followers of the
dictators has a chance to see their
names placed on the ballots.
In order to prevent this gigantic fraud
against people, whose rights the Amer
ican Government has faithfully pledged
itself to defend, it was suggested at
Potsdam that official representatives
from the United States, Britain and
Russia be sent to the various countries
where elections are to take place in the
near future. They will report whether
or not the new governments actually
represent the free will of the peoples.
The first test case occurred about
three weeks ago when the Greek gov
ernment asked for such a commission,
to enable it to hold elections soon. The
State Department suggested that
commission composed of Americans,
British, Russian and French be sent to
various parts of Greece to supervise the
polls Britain and France agreed i'm
mediately. But to the dismay of the
State Department Moscow answered
that it was not in position to do so
since the Greek government is en-
inently Fascist and the sending of Rus
sian representatives could be interpreted
as a Russian stamp of approval on
Fascist regime.
In spite of this refusal the American.
British and French governments decided
to comply with the Greek request, al
though it is admitted that the absence
of Soviet delegation would weaken
Evening star., 1945-08-21
Grondmother's Ash-Hopper

Shielded from Die1O by the smokehouse
and bushes
Grandmother's ash-hopper all tho
year stood
Spreading its arms to receiue from the
fireplace
Soft fluffy ashes from dry hickory
Do0d.
Sprinotime returning they took of the
coDer,
Letting the rain fairies oper 1t play,
Filling the buckets Nth rich smbsr
liquid,
Ready for using at some future day.
Rendering meat rinds and addino thu
drippings
Left from the bacon, in large earthsx
jars,
Cooking it do,on in big iron kettle,
She packed it atoay in hundreds OF
bars.
Pictures OF childhood I Iope to remember
Are those of my grandmother out in
the air
Testing the 1Ve for its strength NTH q
feather,
Mating her soap Dhen the day pas
tair.
Stirring the mass Nth long Dooden
paddle,
Propping the kettle to keep it IN place.
This is the picture long to remember
LoUe and contentment in Grdndn,oth.
srs face.
ANNA BELLE WyNNE.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

While the administration in WASH
ington is trying to stampede Congress
into passing the Murray full employ
ment bill, some thought provoking sug-
gestions are coming from the people
who really will do the employing.
The Committee for Economic Devel-
opment has just issued carefully pre-
pared report, which gives estimates of
postwar markets for manufactured
goods made by more than 500 manu-
facturerS and trade associations. The
general tone of these estimates is op-
timistic. Meanwhile, Ira Mosher, presi-
dent of the National Association of
Manufacturers, has made public the
conclusions of a survey of 1,700 men,
bers of his organization. Mr.. Mosher
is also optimistic
Washington, however, is definitely
alarming in it's predictions and, what is
worse, is offering half-baked remedies
before the disease has been identified.
The Committee for Economic Devel-
opment, composed of well-known figures
in business and professional life, points
out that the postwar years can roughly
be divided into three periods. First, there
will be a short period during which
industry is reconverting its facilities to
peacetime uses. The second period,
which will be well under way in 1947,
will be time when producers will be
filling the demands deferred by the
war. The third, which will presumably
begin three years hence, will be marked
by a shift to self sustaining or nor
NAL basis.
The estimates presented by the COM
mittee are for the year 1947. In that
year. the total labor force is estimated
at 10000 900. But from that figure, It
Evening star., 1945-08-21
'Housecleanins' Advocated

I1OuSecleanln2 Advocated
To the Editor of The Star:
It now appears that poor old John
Civilian is taking it on the chin again.
I refer, of course, to the civil service
order denying the right of civilians, ex-
cept select few, to apply for Govern
ment jobs.
1t would seem that the Civil Service
commission primarily would be inter-
ested in furthering Government eff
cheney (Which sorely is needed instead
of creating special cliques and classes.
I feel quite sure the American public
would 60 along with the Civil Service
Commission in giving overseas veterans
every advantage of Government employ
ment. But why favor those whose only
contribution to victory was wearing
uniform in the United States and warm
ing Government chairs? The merchant
seaman, the workers at our atomic bomb
plants and millions of others made a
magnificent contribution to the cause
of victory.
Instead of a freezing of jobs, why not
a long-overdue housecleaning in Gov
ernment service? P.FH.
Evening star., 1945-08-21
Letters to The Star
Suggests a Reconsideration
of Transit Fare Decision

To the Editor Of The Star:
I was astonished to read the recent
editorial in The Star entitled, Capital
Transit Fares" criticizing local labor
unions which in vain have been trying
to induce the District PUG to reduce
the excessive streetcar and bus fares.
The Star charged that: They permitted
their opportunity to present their case
at the hearing to go by default"
l. Did not the President appoint a
peoples counsel for the commission
over year ago and did not these unions
have a right to rely upon Mr.. Lauder
dale actively to protect their interest
as car riders?
2. Is it not true that the commissions
order fails to mention a single step or
suggestion made by the peoples counsel
upon behalf of the car riders in this
important case?
3. Is 1t not true that. in finding the
existing rates reasonable, the commits
sion allowed the company to charge
against the rate payers over $4,000 900
of excess profits taxes in 1914 as an
operating cost? Is 1t true that the
peoples counsel did not object to this?
4, Is it not also true that the COM
mission could have ordered a reduction
OF 10 to Is per cent in fares and the
company still would have earned a lib
eral wartime return in the past two or
three years?
S. Why did the PUG fight the efforts
OF the Army and Navy Departments to
establish lower fares to the Pentagon
Building?
6. What precedent is there for allow
ing Capital Transit, which is supposed
to be regulated public utility transit,
over per cent return after all Federal
income excess profits taxes?
7. Why should the people of the
District pay taxes to support the PUG
and the peoples counsel If their only
function is to put an o. X. on the de-
mands of the utilities? Why not
peoples counsel who will work for and
not against the rate payers?
The fact Is that the existing fares still
are excessive and unreasonable when
the consumers have to pay the Capt.
tai Transit Co.'S wartime taxes. In
stead of criticizing organized labor for
seeking lower fares, The Star more
appropriately might direct its critical
attention to the public officials and
companies involved. The Star should
join in requesting an explanation from
the peoples counsel and Chairman
Flanagan on this important matter. I
think the peoples counsel should ask
the commission to reconsider its de-
cision LEO GOODMAN
Editors Note: 1t is surprising to The
Star that its editorial comment on the
transit case was interpreted as "criticiz-
ing local labor unions.)
Evening star., 1945-08-21
The De GouIIe Visit

visit to Washington is a diplomatic
step of major Importance. It's mani
fold significance is attested by the
fact that the French chief executive
will be accompanied by his Foreign
Secretary, Georges Bidault, Chief of
Staff General JUN. and a corps of
experts in economics as we'll as for
eign policy. This portends that the
agenda of the conferences between
De Gaulle and President Truman
embrace wide variety of topics,
ranging from Frances position in
Europe and the Far East to Franco
American financial and commercial
relations. The overall objective is,
of course, the establishment of a
general understanding between the
two countries in the light of the vast
changes during the wartime period
which have so greatly altered the
respective positions of the two ma
tions and have led to frictions that
should be eliminated.
The basic problem which should
be faced alike with realism and
sympathetic understanding is the
changed status of France in the
postwar world. Six years ago, de-
spite its obvious symptoms of inter-
nal weakness and disunion. France
ranked in every respect as a great
power, with the second largest colo
NAL empire extending literally to
every quarter of the globe. Today,
France, though technically recog-
nized as one of the big Five" is
immeasurably weaker than either
the United States or the Soviet
Union and scarcely less so than the
British Commonwealth of nations
Furthermore, French convalescence
from the frightful ordeal of defeat
and exploitation by a brutal con-
queror imperatively needs large
scale economic assistance which
America is alone in a position to
render. To the average Frenchman.
the success of General de Gaulle's
mission to Washington will be the
measure of economic aid which he
gains.
However, De Gaulle himself and
his intimate encourage seem in
cllned to think less in terms of eco
nomlcs than in those of politics and
diplomacy. Hitherto the general has
stood stiffly on French claims to its
full preWar stature in world affairs
and is averSe to any alteration in
the status of Frances colonial en-
plre. This raises delicate questions
regarding the reshaping of the Pa
clf1c and Far East, where France
possesses not only the large CONT
mental handbook of Indo-China
but also. a belt of highly strategic
Islands running from New Caledonia
and the New Hebrides under Anglo
French condominium, near Australia
TO the farthest island groups in
Polynesia, relatively close to the
Americas. During the war, France
was patiently unable to protect these
possessions from japanese aggres-
sion, and Japan used occupied Indo-
CHINA as the Springboard for its vast
conquests in Southeast Asia. How
TO reconcile French claims with
postwar plans for Pacific and Far
Eastern stability will perhaps be the
thornlest point in conference pro-
gram that will cover a complex and
extensive field.
Evening star., 1945-08-21
General Wuinwrioht

1t is heartwarming to know that
General Wainwright is alive and
we'll and back among his own people
after being for more than three
years prisoner of the Japanese.
In the darkest days of the war in
the Pacific, after General MacAr-
thur had been ordered to leave
the Philippines to prepare for the
eventual comeback, it fell upon
Wainwright's shoulders to lead the
weary American and Filipino forces
from Bataan to Corregidor, there
to fight on heroically against hope
less odds until at last, after night
mare weeks of unmitigated hellfire,
the flesh could stand no more and
he was forced to surrender.
This was defeat, the bitterest de-
feat in our history, but his leader
ship had been so fine and the men
under him had been so brave that
this Nation, paradoxically enough,
seemed to draw strength and in
spiration from the grim event. With
capitulation, the fate of VAIN
wright and his surviving troops be-
came mystery arousing the great
est anxiety, particularly in view of
such stories Of enemy atrocities as
the death march" on Bataan. Now,
to a degree at least, the veil has
been lifted by the dramatic rescue
mission executed by our parachut-
lists in Manchuria. They have found
him in good health, and other pris-
oners with him appear to have been
satisfactorily treated.
This is relief, and we must hope
that the same conditions will be
found to prevail generally among
other captives of the Japanese-a
question that will be answered soon
enough. Meanwhile, it is pleasant
to speculate over the possibility that
General Wainwright may have the
supreme satisfaction of being pres
ent when the humbled Tokyo war
lords yield formally to Macarthur.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

housewives who worked in arms
plants for patriotic reasons.
Taking into consideration such
factors as these, together with the
findings Of the CED and NAM, the
outlook for jobs does not seem nearly
so dark as some pessimists would
have us believe. On the contrary,
the optimists make out rather i'm
pressive case for bright expectations.
BY the time next spring or summer
rolls around, the Nation may be very
pleasantly surprised, indeed, to see
itself within a hairs breadth of full
EMPLOYMENT
Evening star., 1945-08-21
Not All Democrocies
From the Toronto Telegram.

From the Toronto Telegram.
Hitlerism has been destroyed, we hope,
but some of the nations who helped to
destroy it are not democracies, and it is
soft-headed sentimentality or worse to
gush over them as the defenders of the
liberty of individuals. Although Ger
many has been defeated, it looks as if
Europe is in for turbulent years. Until
there are evidences everywhere that a
new spirit Of friendship and interna-
tional cooperation is abroad 1t would
be just as well to keep our arms by our
side and our powder dry.
Evening star., 1945-08-21
The Job Outlook

AlCQOuRQ UfleIe ildS UcCAi SoAASAe
erable comment to the effect that
reconversion is likely to cause a
grave unemployment "crisis," there
Is good reason to believe that all
such talk is much too alarmist and
that actually. as far as jobs 60. the
transition from war to peace may be
relatively painless.
To begin with, as the Office of War
Mobilization and Reconversion has
pointed out, the Government is only
estimating when it says that pos
sibly as many as 100000 Americans
will be temporarily unemployed by
next spring. The figure is pretty
largely a guess, and in the opinion
of such important and informed pri-
vate organizations as the Committee
for Economic Development and the
National Association OF Manufac-
turers, it probably will prove to be
far too large.
Thus, after an eighteen month
study OF the production plans of
twenty of the Nations leading in
dustries, the CED declares that
American manufacturers are pre-
pairing to turn out, in the first post
war year, Ais per cent more goods
than in 1899. Making allowances for
increased efficiency and other fac
tors, this will create 1877 per cent
more jobs than existed in 1889, or
work Of all kinds for 54,000,000 civil
ians in IL months. This falls short
of the 60,OOOO00 figure used by Gov
ernment and union officials to dram
atize the idea of full employment,
but the CED asserts that the idea
will be substantially realized any
how, because the 100000 difference
will be absorbed by 3,500,O0O remain
ing in the armed forces and 2,500,000
in labor float" made up of in
dividuals who want to quit, who are
looking for new opportunities. or
who are unable or unwilling to work
for various reasons.
Similarly, on the strength of a
survey of 1,700 of it's $4,000 members,
the NAM observes that the physical
task of reconverSion will be easy for
the overwhelming majority of in
dustries, and it predicts that only a
small fraction Of the workers dis
missed from arms plants need be out
of job for more than month.
According to Ira Mosher, NAM presi-
dent, the indications are that fewer
than 100000 persons may be so
affected and that even these prob
ably will have been re-employed
within three months after dismissal.
The OWMR itself suggests that its
100000 unemployment estimate is
not so serious as it may look. For
the figure covers not only displaced
workers but discharged veterans as
well, and it must be read with two
important considerations in mind:
First, that at least 2,000, 900 members
i. of the armed forces, under the GI
Bill of Rights, are expected to enroll
in educational institutions after de-
mobilization, and second, that out
of our wartime labor force a very
large number will voluntarily give
up their jobs, 100000 or more, in
cluding school-age youths, overage
employees ready for retirement and
Evening star., 1945-08-21

project with enthusiasm born of
their acquaintance with the place.
A numerous company OF other
Americans who never have been in
England but to whom architectural
beauty, wherever it may flower, is
important undoubtedly will join
with them in appreciation and good
will
Evening star., 1945-08-21
Practical Soldier

From the New York world-Telesram
From North Carolina comes a love
story that is either pathetic or practt-
cal. A soldier with four and a half
years of duty advertises that he wants
to meet widow with three children.
His objective: IS points for getting out
of service.
Evening star., 1945-08-21
Flowery Words
To he Editor of The Star:

To he Editor of The Star:
1t Is with awe rather than reverence
that we bow at the tomb of fallen great
ness.
An Unsuitable ambition, symbolized in
absolute right, taxed to the utmost for
six years the highest genius of mankind
The incentive to our unrestricted way
OF life was stabilized in the martyrdom
of those who fought and died, but not
in vain.
Freedom is born of sacrifice and knows
neither time nor place. From the most
ancient Of days the conflict relentlessly
has gone on-democracy against auto
cracy, and in this last and greatest
struggle for that imperious prize shall
not a reborn Libertas, radiant with the
burst of dawn, rise from the fires OF the
crucible to fulfill the hopes of an ex-
pectant world?
FREDERICK FARRELL.
Tucson, Ariz.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

Before Washington can shout it.
self hoarse in celebration of winning
tne American League pennant it
Will be necessary to get rid of a Ger
tain troublesome obstruction in
Detroit.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

1t has finally been driven through
the Jap skull that there Is no sense
in saving a face unless 1t is attached
to live body.
Evening star., 1945-08-21

The day is not far distant when
coupons will mean sugar in the
bank instead Of merely In the
pantry.
Evening star., 1945-03-15
Few Specialties Rise
Sharply in Quiet,
Narrow Market
BY VICTOR EUBANK,
Associated Press rinancial Writer

NEW YORK, Mar. l5.--Blue chip
specialttes were fairly wide gamers
In today's stock market, one Of the
slowest Of the past several months,
although leaders were content to
add small fractions.
Advances ran to int or more
after the opening but the ticker tape
loafed throughout and transfers for
the full proceedings were around
Wednesdays low turnover Of 750, 900
shares. Top marks were reduced
here and there near the close and
scattered losers were In evidence
Idle capital continued TO seek
stocks that might prove an imitation
hedge while earnings, dividends and
individual situations served to in
spire selective bidding. Prime Min
lister Churchills comment that
European victory might be achieved
by summer or sooner kept recon-
version skepticism In the foreground
as a trend barrier. Wall Street
caution also again was based on
possible Washington moves to stem
speculation.
Touching 1874 highs were Eastern
Air Lines and Atlantic Coast Line, UP
about 8 and 4 each; Cudahy. Ameri-
can Gable & Radio and Internation-
al Telephone. Ahead the greater
part Of the day were Du Pont, East
man Kodak, Texas Co., J. c. Penney,
Westinghouse, Santa Fe and Sears
Roebuck.