davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-31
De GauI|e Summons
Cabinet for Report
BY the Associated Press.

by Lie ASSOCldl6U HIeSS.
PARIS, Aug. 31.-Gen De Gaulle
called the French cabinet into an
urgent meeting today to make his
report to the Ministers on the re-
suits of his eight-day trip to the
United States and Canada.
The President of the provisional
government returned to Paris yes
terday and expressed satisfaction
with his visit to America.
Preparation also was expected to
be made at the cabinet session for
Foreign Minister George Bidault's
trip to meeting of Allied Foreign
Ministers in London on Septem-
ber 10.
Bidault, who returned with De
Gaulle, is expected to be given pre-
else instructions to press for an
early decision on French control
OF the Rhine banks and interna-
tional supervision of Ruhr indus
tries. However, De Gaulle was be-
lieved to have received no assur-
ances from President Truman on
these matters.
AS a move preliminary to the Lon
don conference, France was ex-
pected to take steps soon to restore
diplomatic relations with Italy,
Evening star., 1945-08-31
B|ackman Is Named Chief
OF AP New York Bureau
,y the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. Aug. 31.-Samuel
6. Blackman was appointed As
sociated Press chief of bureau at
New York yesterday by Kent Cooper,
executive director.
Mr.. Blackman succeeds Victor
Hacker, recently transferred to
London. Born at Port Jervis, N. Y,
40 years ago. Mr.. Blackman was
graduated from Rutgers University
In 1927. and joined the staff of the
AP In Newark, N. j., in 1881.
He was transferred to the New
York bureau in 1910, after serving
as correspondent in Trenton, and
State editor in Newark. He has
been acting chief Of bureau In New
York since August !.
Evening star., 1945-08-31

HELPED IN RESCUE-Lt.
Mahlon F. Perkins, jr., 81, 1914
Connecticut avenue NV, was
one of the six man volunteer
team of Office of Strategic
Service officers who para
chuted into Peiping last week
and rescued from japanese
custody four flyers of 1t. Gen.
James H. Doolittle's command
in the bombing of Tokyo on
April l8, 1912. A graduate of
Harvard, 1t. Perkins is the
son Of Mr.. and Mrs. Perkins of
the Connecticut avenue ad-
dress. Mr.. Perkins. ST.. is a
foreign officer of the State
Department on duty in Wash
ington.
Underwood & Underwood.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Gavin Urges Four Stors
For Gen. wainwright
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
OIL CITY, Pa. Aug. 31.-Promo-
ton OF 1t. Gen. Jonathan M. VAIN
wright to the rank of full general
was asked yesterday in a telegram
sent to Gen. George c. Marshall,
Army chief of staff, by Representa-
tive Gavin, Republican, of Pennsyl-
vania.
Mr.. Gavin requested Gen, Mar
shall to recommend the promotion
to President Truman and asked ii
be made in time for Gen. Vain
wright to participate in the formal
Japanese surrender aboard the bat.
tleship Missouri.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Officer Who Ignored
Pearl Harbor Warninq
Given ; Promotions
BY the Associated Press.


The Army Air Force lieutenant
who told a private to forget it,
when the private detected a feet of
planes approaching Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 194l, has been pro-
NOTED three times since.
He is 1t. Col. Kermit A. Tyler.
Long Beach, Calf, who, the War
Department said today, Is now on
duty with the 999th AAF base unit
at the Orlando, Fla. Army Air Base.
Col. Tylers promotions, the AAF
says, were based on his record, which
has been excellent and superior in
all the jobs he held, including COM
bat" Tyler was elevated to the
rank of captain three months after
Pearl Harbor, to ma jor four months
later and to lieutenant colonel in
November, 1943.
Private Now a Lieutenant.
The private who gave the warning,
Joseph L. Lockard, of Williams
port, Pa, is now first lieutenant on
duty with the 960th Technical Serv-
ice Unit, Signal Ohicers' Replace
ment Pool, Fort Monmouth, N. j.
Lockard, who got the Distinguished
Service Medal for his alertness on
that fateful day, vas returned to the
United States and placed in an
Officers Candidate School, where he
received his commission as second
lieutenant in the Signal Corps In
July. 1912. He was promoted to a
first lieutenant in June, f943.
AS the Army Board investigating
Pearl Harbor reported IL, Tyler was
on duty at the Central Aircraft
Warning Center at Pearl Harbor at
7 am, SIS minutes before the jap
anese attack. The center was fully
manned between 4 and 7 am, but
all had left except Tyler, who was
scheduled to stay until am. 1t
was Tyler's second assignment to
the center for training and observa-
ton.
Planes Shown 1873 Miles on.
Out at one of the aircraft warning
stations on Oahu were Lockard and
another private, George Elliott, Elm
hurst, Ill, now sergeant stationed
at Camp Lee, Va.
Lockard was the radar operator
and Elliott was plotting information
picked up on the radar apparatus.
Elliott wanted to learn how to
operate the set and Lockard agreed
to show him after the station was
due to close at am.
At TOP am, the radar screen
showed large formation of planes
approaching the island. Lockard
checked and rechecked because he
was certain there was no flight of
planes like that in the air. At
the time the planes were 1873 miles
distant.
ELLIOTT suggested they call the in
formation center and after some
debate, Lockard did so. reaching
Tyler.
Forget It," He Said.
"Tyler's answer proved to be
disastrous one" the Army Board
related. He said in substance,
Forget it,
The board added that Tyler's
position was "inoefensible" when he
testified that he was merely there
for training and had no knowledge
on which 70 base any action. He
should have taken up the matter
with somebody who could do some
thing about it, the board said.
If TVler had communicated this
information, the losses might have
been very greatly lessened," the
board declared.
The board noted, however, that
Tyler apparently was thinking about
the arrival of flight of Bits from
the United States which were due
at that time The Bills few into
the middle Of the attacking planes
and some were destroyed.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Husband Inducted,
Wife Leaves Baby
With Draft Board
By the Associated Press.

FrtSS.
CHARLOTTE, Mich, Aug. 81.
"A 19-year-old mother left her
baby on a counter in the local
Selective Service Board office
yesterday, declaring, They took
my husband and now they can
have my baby"
Draft board officials per-
suaded the mother, Mrs. Ber-
nadine Robbins, to return to
the office and then arranged for
her and the child to be ad-
mitted to a hospital for = two
weeks rest. Mr.. Robbins was
inducted recently.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
September Deliveries
Of Newsprint Cut so
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
All users of newsprint must re-
duce their orders for September de-
livery by per cent. the War Pro-
duction Board said today.
Similar action was taken on Au-
gust deliveries. In both cases, WPB
explained, United States orders with
newsprint mills exceeded supply by
about 1l.oo0 tons.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
SIS, 900 Whisky Cargo
Hiiocked From Truck
BY the Associated Press,

BY The Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Aug. 3l.-August di
Vittorio, 81, driver for the Harris
Forwarding Co., who was found tied
yesterday inside the trailer of his
truck. told police he had been hi
lacked of a truckload of whisky
which he valued at $35 1000.
He told police he was driving from
Schneider, Ind, and was seized in
Dyer. Ind, by three men and a
woman. who took him to a car and
drove the truck to a garage where
they unloaded the cargo. They
then drove him to Chicago and left
him in the trailer where he was
found by Watchman.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Estote Left to Maria Jeritzo

LOS ANGELES. Aug. 81 (P).-
Winfield H. Sheehan 50. film execu-
tive who died July IS, left his estate
entirely to his widow. Opera Singer
Maria Jeritza His will was filed
yesterday for probate. The value of
the estate was described as ''in excess
of $1,000
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Pilot Killed, One Missing
In Two Plane Crashes

Ey the associated Press.
DETROIT, Aug. 31.-One pilot
was killed and a second listed as
missing in two crashes yesterday
involving planes from the naval air
station at Crosse lie.
. One plane crashed and burned I
miles west of Carleton. The other,
q Navy torpedo plane, plunged into
the Lake Erie near Pelee Island
Navy planes and Coast Guard
boats joined in a search for the lat
ter pilot, but names of both were
withheld pending notification of
their families.
Evening star., 1945-08-31

Mexico now supplies white arsenic
To many countries.
Evening star., 1945-08-31

BOYINGTON AFTER RELEASE-Maj Gregory Boyngton Ma
rine who holds the Congressional greeted
by Comdr Harold StasSen former
his release from prison camp Japan yesterday Mai
Boyngon told of torture during his 20 months i'm
prsonment He was shot down Rabaul Britain in
January, 1914.
-AP Wirephoto From NAVY Radioed From Tokyo Bav
Evening star., 1945-08-31

British-Dutch interests are build
ing an oil refinery in Venezuela.
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The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
M|SS|SS|PPpS SENATOR EASTLAND

L merely state facts as given to our COM
mttee by high ranking generals Of the Ameri-
can army, who are in peculiar position to know
the facts
In number of instances these soldiers would
desert their posts Of duty, officers would desert
their posts of duty, without cause, and the whole
division would. without cause, rhyme. or reason,
quit fighting. The officers told US the soldiers
had no initiative, no sense OF responsibility very
low intelligence, and were failure Yet we are
asked 10 set up unfair preference against the
white soldier for the benefit of the returning
Negro veteran. solely because he is member
OF minority group which sells It's vote TO the
highest bidder IN political campaigns.
Mr. President, l understand a Negro from sSe
War department went 10 Italy. and after coming
back gave cut a statement that the division had
not been SO hot" that il had failed in combat.
and he made the excuse that il was because Of
discrimination in the United States and be Ause
Of segregation here. According TO his statement.
that was why il failed.
Everyone knows, Mr.. President that the races
will of themselves live separately. They live
together IN sepsrate sections Of cities Birds Of
feather flock together, Members Of the black
race desire 10 live with those of the black race.
Members Of the white race desire 10 live with
those Of the white race Discrimination and seq
reCation could not he the reason for the failure
OF the Negro soldier IN combat.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
By ROY WILKINS

sured the election Of so many Republicans In
1916 that the Democrats will be ousted from
control of Congress and from the Craftsmanship
Of so many powerful committees.
Already the Republicans (who have been play
ing politics with FEPC all along) are using the
Bilbo and Eastland speeches as arguments for
the return of the Negro vote to the COP. Ne
groes are being told: when you vote for a
Democratic administration you vote for speeches
like these, you vote for domination by Dixie"
II must be understood that all the strategy on
FEPC has been political, except for some few
sincere persons in both parties who really want
a FEPC. The Republicans have been trying to
prevent the Democrats from getting political
credit for FEPC, so they either have hung back.
or have Joined with the Dixie Negro-haters to
embarsss the Democratic party leadership. This
leadership is in a tight spot. 1t wants to pass
FEPC because it knows that if it fails, the COP
will use it in the coming elections. 1t also
wants to keep the South. II also wants to keep
the Negro vote in the North
But Bilbo would not listen reason. His
battle-cry is Kill the Negro" He and East
land and the rest of them know that they person.
ally will be reelected even if the party loses
national power So they knife the Negro. knife
FEPC, and knife the Democratic party as a
whole. The Republicans sit by and chuckle.
The Negro sits out in the cold.
The answer seems to be that while the Negro
vote is very important. it still is not strong
enough to make decent Democrats shut up
the Bilbos and Eastlands But il is strong enough
to pun the Republicans back in power in l948.
Chairman Robert Hannegan will have TO pull
something mighty fine out Of the hat TO offset
The show staged by Bilbo g. Co.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
THE White WOMAN'S BURDEN

o8' Who yog ;hink N eh, want -
vsrr> a Negro Have YOU ever met
anyone snyp.sce, under any cond'-
sons who yoI think VAS tempted
Girls Or course no.;
Caytor; Les ~ % break II
d>Nn oy occupst.onsl groups DO
YOU think school teacher or a
soc al WORKER might,
Girls: No
Cayton; How about clerk in a
store
Girls Possibly A clerk N q
WooiW or,h ,en.cent store nlsnt-
=, .csS, We feel ,hs, ,ype Of person
might,
Cayton: ! ar really IMPRESSED oy
vouF protective attitude toward
people Of the lower classes Bat lei
me ask vot 4 few more questions
Are YOU interested IN whether this
icu-Ccr' store clerk has health IN
surancC9 Or whether she mas a
hospital plan tn take care ~ ner II
she gets SICK Or whether she has
righ' % JON union and barea n
collectively Nth her employers 10
protcC, her standard Of living Are
YOU interested IN whether she mas
yecreauonal opportunities" In fact
What other interest do YOU have IN
his girls entire existence
My liiile girls had Ia shake their
heads and admit that they knew
nothing about hospital plans or
health insurance and dlsliked trade
onS--had 10 admit IN fact. that
the only danger they were inter-
cstcd n projecting this Hypothetical
girl from was that she m Ght. IN a
moment Of weakness. marry a Ne
gro In view Of this they were quite
wiling that the Negroes should be
Kept IN their places--the kitchens
One ~ The girls maintained that
even 20 cat with a Negro would
lead 10 ln,ermarrisge and there
orc the color line should DC kept
intact.
After tho talk We 60, rather
chunmN and they invited nc to
cat lunch With them AZ the swanky
hotel where ;hc meeting was held
We had very pleasant time and
dtdn'tev mention the race ques-
uon. And II didn't lead 10 inter-
marriage. which was fortunate for
all of Us J am sure they would
have been scandsli1ed. and would
have had pretty--hut very dumb
wife
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14

Blbo is bad enough, but Eastland reached
new low in his SANDER of Negro soldiers and
his outright lie about the rapings that he charges
took place in France. The French embassy has
branded his tale OF mass rape of German girls
by Senagalese soldiers as false SHAEF has
stated there is no basis for his charges against
American Negro soldiers. Finally. the highest
generals in the American army have praised
Negro combat and service troops Eastland is
cheap and cowardly liar for he would have
not dared make that speech except in the Senate
where he has immunity.
But Eastlands speech. made to kill FEPC may
be the death blow to Democratic hopes for VIC
tory in l946 and l948, In that one lying tantrum
he may have ruined President Trumans chances
Of being reelected in l948. He may have in
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
|[Q{33&R ![l3${ ]|!|||||
The White Christian And His Conscience

ever solved" il. Even science
cannot discover one thing about
the Negro as q Negro that makes
him a problem. No inferiority OF
mind or body as compared 10 the
white man; no difference in the
way his emotions function; no diff
ference in ability TO adapt success
fully 10 any culture. however COM
pick il may be. All that science
has been able to discover about
the Negro is that he can fight Is
well S the white man; he can
learn as easily: he can build As
quickly and tear down as ruthless
ly; he can invent and dream; create
and destroy what he has created
as can men with white skins: he
can love and hate, sing and laugh.
weep and rage and suffer; he can
be stupid and terribly wise: strong
and compassionate, and weak and
resentful. He, like you and me. is
a human being in search OF a world
where he can feel at home. That
is all science can tell us about the
Negro.
No Study Of White Man
But we are not satisfied by
science. So our governors and our
mayors and our churches appoint
committees 10 study the Negro
problem Sometimes for a change
we call II the race problemD But
no mayor, no governor, no church,
no President Of the United States
+ has ever appointed committee TO
study the white man and his deep
/ need 10 feel superior 10 OF h e r
human beings and to have power
over their lives.
/; IS curious thing 70 me that
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14

when we talk about Germany and
the Jews, about .he Nazis and Hit
ler's racial theories. we don't speak
of the Jewish problem" We talk
about the problem OF the Nazu
and their racial beliefs and aca
Of exploitation. We talk about anti
Semitism. We focus on the erux
of the conflict and keep our eyes
fixed there. But In America we
do. as people who are tormented by
their conflicts always try To do:
we attempt to push the conflict out
side ourselves. on to another. We
study the Negro in order to keep
from having 10 study the white
man. We try In every possible way
to shut ourselves away from the
problem of the white man and his
feelings about himself.
To successfully segregate the Ne
gro from as much OF or life as pos
sible. we were compelled 20 seg-
re~,e our life from everything
that would remind us Of our con-
flict. We tried 10 shut ourselves
away from books. and from science
wherever it touched on human re-
lationships. We especially feared
psychiatry and psychoanslysis for
we knew in our hearts that the
psychiatrists could tell US things
about ourselves that We could not
bear 10 hear jim Crow has been
used for many purposes; to win an
election. TO break the strength OF
a union. 70 keep jobs for the white
man. but its main Use today is 10
keep the white man from seeing
what he is doing 10 other human
beings
ITO be concluded next week.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
BY HORACE CAYTON
CReptinted from Headlines
and PtctuteN

EDITORS NOTE The following IL
an original article ~ Horace CA,tou
on the subject Of inter-marrtase Mr.
CaNtOn Is director Of the Parkwah
Community House IN Chicago. laboY
editor for the Pittsburgh Courier and
anthor Of numerous articles His
hook BLACK workers and tho New
MONS" written in elaboration with
George = Mitchell Il regarded A. an
suthority in thi, field
My good friend Langston
Hughes was over To dinner
the other night. After dinner
We began talking with two
Very earnest young white
people Who arc N The .n,crraclai
movement and got ~ some
remarks WNIth shocked them au,
an sod I.aucS'on When j: came
tine 10 60 Ne renamed and asked
q use NY typewriter ! inquired
why he wanted 20 work tina, late
g. Might and he replied tia, hac
EaId something or inc subject Of
lrtcrnlarrisgc which reminded nun
O. Simple Nov Simple Is nc
t't'ouS character tha' Langstou uses
IS FOIL IN his column IN the Chi
cago Defender The comparison Of
ne % Simple WASH too catering
However as lauGSt0n cadcCd an
idea from ne ! thought Id take
one from him and rrint something
or intc-Marriage myself
My story is about tho Junior
League girls those sweet innocent
SIMPLE, prcty little children who
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14
EditorExplains
Article Against
Jews As Error

NEW YORK - tWDL) - In re-
Spouse 20 Z Storm 81 protest Mrs.
T V Sparks. editor Of The Whole
Truth. Memphis, Tenn. printed a
condemnation Of sn,i.semItisn by
\ Philip Randolph. president.
Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car Por-
'ers and explained that the print
ne ot The lndises:iole Jew" an
sntl-senitic article in the Novem-
Ger. 1914. issue Of the paper, was
an error She said il was one OF
several religious tracts which she
sent in = rush 20 the press" when
short Of copy
Pointing out that headlines in
papers may arouse the passions
and prejudices OF people against
certain members Of the community.
Mr. Randolph warned. II you SOW
seeds OF hste-propsganda against
ne Jews. YOU Will reap The hurri-
canes Of racial discrimination.
\ statement such As the one
hc3d,ined The IndigeSti ole Jew. 60
ought n re resented as not fair
and ChrSt-,iNe. therefore the labor
leader SAID ne was aS.oupded to
read T. IN The Whole Truth which
y nc organ " he Church 81 God
IN Christ Since Negroes are VIC
ms II racial dlScrlninauon and
prejudice 'ney should oe the last
e. Ne party 70 any scheme - vIsI,
racial hatred ard discrimination on
any other people, Mr. Randolph S
le''cr continued
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-07-14

from the Congressional Rscord-June 7s. ls4S)
What is the history of the Negro soldier IN
the American Army? Mr. President, recently
returned from Europe. While there talked to
numerous high-ranking generals Of the American
Army some of them IN peculiar position TO
know the facts. Later shall discuss the record
81 other Negro soldiers, the service troops behind
the lines: but, first, what is the combat record
Of the Ninety Division, the only Negro
division that has service in Europe?
To begin with that division and ! state II
Observation-Disclosures best equipment Of any
division in the American army, II had the best
framing OF any division in the American army.
For political reaSons-and when say political
reasons ! quote American generals-thcv were
forced to commission some Negro officers FOR
that division In no; one instance. Nj. President,
could they place Negro officer in a rcSponS bic
position In not one instance could they place
upon his shoulders tho responsibility OF combat,
and tell Ycu now. Mr.. President that division
could not be placed in an important position in
the line. Had we depended upon il. the German
army would have gone south 10 the toe OF the
Italian boot and destroyed our armies in Europe.
The Negro soldier was an utter and dismal fail
urs in combat in Europe. When I make that
statement il is not from prejudice. l am not
prejudieed against the Negro
daughter in the ealleries)