davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

primarily in the grower. The Ex-
tension Service and the Farm
Labor office can assist, but under
the public law for operating farm
labor placement centers, it states
that we shall assist in recruiting
all possible farm labor wherever
needed. That doesn't mean that
we have a block of farm labor
all bottled up in a neat little cor
raj, ready to have the bars let
down when needed, and so the
responsibility has not shifted to a
governmental agency created to
furnish labor. That is a funda-
mental principle to remember.
OK, we have proceeded thus far.
In April, a camp of Mexican Ma
tionals will be set up in this area
for farm labor, but in order to
have these Mexicans brought in
and set off here, definite COM
mitment must be made for their
use and their pay. A definite con-
tract must be signed between the
grower who wishes the use of
Mexicans and the Benton-Frank-
lin Labor association. This must
be in by March 10, if we are
going to be assured Mexicans. Re-
member other states have their
desires and orders in also, and
if certification Of faith by contract
is not forthcoming, we have been
told b1untly, that the Mexicans
will not be sent here. @'r--~s~
Already many Mexicans have
been contracted for, but the Labor
Association can not get in more
than has been contracted. If you
or your neighbor want Mexican
labor this year, see Mrs. Rotert,
at Church's Grape Juice company
for details and contract. This is
imperative and is urgent. You
cannot wait until asparagus cut
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

ting time this year before signing
contracts. We have had definite
orders that the list of contracts
and number of men needed must
be in the state office well in adj
vance of needed date. :.
Many persons are now getting
their baby chicks. The winter has
been mild but yet, we find the air
to be chilly and sometimes the
blasts are actually very cold. 1t is
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

a good practice to check the tenn
peratures of brooder houses and
also the ventilation. Remember a
little chick is only about two
inches high so the temperature
must be regulated at about two
inches above the floor. Ninety
eight degrees for the first week
is not too high. This is taken at
edges of hover two inches above
floor or about at chicks back.
A drop of 2 or 3 degrees a week
is usually enough unless the
weather is very warm. A sudden
chill, even for an hour will kill
chicks fast. Square corners should
be eliminated so that dead air
space is not present.
Thermometers are only guide
in obtaining the correct operating
temperature. After the chicks are
under the brooder, the heat should
be adjusted to the position of the
chicks. Crowding and budding in
dictates the temperature is too low.
Painting and pushing out from
under the hover means that too
high a temperature is being main
tanned. When the correct tempera-
ture is maintained, the chicks will
spread out evenly or lay in a circle
Just under the inside edge OF the
hover. The temperature should be
lowered as the chicks grow older
in order to keep them under the
hover at night.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08
County Agent S
Column
by Walter L. Click

This is March and next month
agricultural labor and allied in
d1,stries really get into high gear
and a great deal of extra labor
ie needed. 1 am wondering If
.;sverything possible is being done
get as much labor as possible.
Te should keep in mind that the
responsibility for farm labor lies
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

that care should be taken TO avoid
planting grapes in soil which has
borne crown gall diseased plants.
There is no information available
on the relative susceptibility of
the various grape varieties grown
i'm the Yakima Valley.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

be taken to see that they are en-
tirely free frfom any signs OF
gall in any part Of the plant. The
fact that the crown gall can at
tack most of our fruit trees as
well as grapes and can live almost
indefinitely in the soil indicates
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08

Your county agent investigated
a condition in a grape orchard in
the Highlands. A growth was OBJ
served on several canes. Upon
collecting specimen for diagno-
sis, and in discussing the matter
with DR.. James Menzies, Patholo-
gist at the Irrigation Branch Ex-
pertinent station, Prosser, it was
found the grapes have a disease
known as Crown Gall. I quote
DIR. Menzies on this disease and
on the control measures to be
used. If you have similar trouble
and are not sure, bring in a samp.e
to your county agent.
Crown Gall of grape is a disease
caused by a species of bacteria
known as PhYtomonas tumefa-
ciens. The same organism causes
crown gall in apricot, apple,
peach, blackberry, raspberry, and
a great variety of other plants.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1945-03-08
}"T've seen the
population
1 t|,ripled in
Yakima Valley"

says Erling Helliesen, Manager
HellIesen Lumber Company Yakima
.sWhen I came to Yakima in 1911, the
year after PP&L was organized, there
were only $4,000 people in the entire
county. Now there are 125,OOO. That's
real progress! And this part of the ooun-
try is bound to keep growing. >.=
""In the past 81 years there have been
thousands of acres of land put under
irrigation in this valley; orchards and
farms have blossomed out of the sage
brush; one new industry after another
has come In here and added to the sta
bility of our community. w. r..
always step ahead of this progress,
I've seen PP&L develop its system to
keep us all supplied with electricity for
every need, at lower and lower rates.
The very first year l was here, they cut
the price about Is per cent from what
it was when the company started bust;
ness in 1910. Now it's only about one
fourth of what it was IS years ago. &
q .:An outfit that has helped us come
such long way in such short time is
one that's worth tieing tor
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22

BUY U. S. VICTORY BONDS
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22

United States give particular at
tention now to the northern APP
proaches. The great circle routes
from both east and west. They 40
not ignore the south and central
Atlantic and Pacific air paths,
but call attention to the fact that
the short way from both Europe
and Asia - for bombers, for
stratosphere rockets and for air
borne invasion forests over the
top of the world, thrugh the Arc
tic.
This, then, brings into sharp
focus our permanent bases in the
Aleutians and Alaska and the war
fostered, leased bases in such
places as Canada, New Found
land. Greenland and Iceland.
The maintenance and support OF
distant, offshore bases as well as
those on the coasts of the nation
will require that the postwar air
force retain at least the nucleus
of an air transport service. Air
force officials are quick to assert
that the vast wartime organiza'
ton of the All Transport Cop
mand should not be retained MOI
allowed to compete in any way
with commercial enterprise.
But they do insist that the core
of a transport service-with some
planes and men trained in the
specialized business = be kept
alive, capable of quick expansion
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22
Interpreting
The News
Bv ELTON C. FAY

Substituting for Morris ]. Harris,
The interim U. S. alrforce OF
about $500 planes will be built
around very heavy bombers ana
troop carriers, deployed SO as 70
strike at a menacing point Wlthlr
a matter of hours.
This essentially strategic force
will include, however, tactical
aircraft to work directly with the
ground and sea forces, the 1ral!ie
work of an air transport service
and a training system.
It will be patterned to the oaSic
idea that. for the present, the
hest defense against possible
atomic bomb and ai1borne troop
attack would be an offenslve-de'
fensive strike directly at the
springboard for such attack.
Army Airforce officials view
such an organization, manned by
from 100000 to 100000 men, as
the minimum force for the PERIOD
between present conventional! oe.
sign and tactics ana tlie ooSeA''
Of transoceanic rocket weapons
with strategy to match. T..
For the immediate future, 1t IL: is
expected the postwar airforce VIII
be constructed around standard de e.
sign aircraft, such as the Boy
and B-32 and still heavier bonn
her now being built, together with
jet-propelled fighters and ultra,
long range conventionally powered
fighters and fighter-bombers.
But it will be geared to con
stantly changing design. one Top
official, discussing the broad SUD,
iect of air power, asserts tna'
ian air force is no good unless
it's up to date, but that doesn't
mean you have to change the
whole airforce every time a plane
type is modified" -
Air Corps planners, in trying 10
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22

estimate the required size Of the
interim airforce, were handicap.
ned bv not knowing the shape OF
the proposed world securlty-struc'
ture. They finally arrived at tne
$500 plane, four-to-slx hundred
thousand man force as the rock.
bottom figure which could be USED
either with or without an inter.
national organization. If a world
air police force is provided this
size unit probably will meet the
levy on the United States they
say.
The fact that the subject now is
matter of delicate diplomatic
conversations bars high ranking
airmen from talking too specific
ally about where and how the
United States should retain the all
bases it built during the war. But
they do agree on this statement:
eve must have bases from
which we can meet any situation.
A defense cannot rest on the
shores of the Atlantic and Pa
cific."
Army Air Forces Chief Henry
H. Arnold has told Congress there
must be not only control of the
air over the United States and its
approaches but potential control
of the air over any would-be ag-
gressor nation.
The men charged with response
bility for the air defense Of the
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22
Wilmington Girl Pledged
To Alpha Kappa Delta

Miss Dirnitra George, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Steve George,
721 North Fourth street; who is
student at the Women's college
in Greensboro, was one of five
students who has recently been
inflated into Alpha Kappa Delta.
honorary sociology fraternity.
This fraternity which is open only
to sociology majors is a national
group that requires a B average
the first two years.
Novices in the group included
Miss Meta Coleman, of Roanoke,
Va, Miss Josephine Hackney,
Lucama; Miss Nancy Raby, Hick-
ory; and Miss Phyllis Vreeland,
OF Fort Bragg.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22
No Regard For Time

SOUTH BEND, Ind. U.D-Pi.eons
throw the clocks atop the South
Bend courthouse off time late
each afternoon. Custodian Everett
H. Barrett is about ready to give
up trying to keep the clocks on
time-or get himself a rifle. Some
times the pigeons stop the clocks
when they roost on the hans,
while other times pigeon on the
hand either slows or speeds the
clock, depending on whether the
hand is going up or coming down.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22
Artist Turns Cook

VINEYARD HAVEN, Mass.-WH|
Miss Frances L. Meikleham OF
Vineyard Haven was one OF Cape
Gods foremost artists until re-
Gently when she gave UP painting
to become a professional cook.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-10-22

in case of emergency to fly sup.
plies to distant bases and get air
borne troops to any point needed.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
LABOR LOOKS AHEAD

favor Of the type NJ legislation
called for in Senate Bill SOL and,
further, that he was anxious - co.
author such legislation in tho
senate You will recall. Frank.
that | discussed with you a. the
time. the senator's favorable posi-
ton and both Of us were Justi-
fiably proud Of the liberal attitude
this senator evidently intended
10 take when and II legislation FOR
a permanent FEPC should be in
PRODUCED in the senate
What causes the senator 10 back
track now
Has the unexpected reelection
Of Senator Taft In Ohio encouraged
our Michigan senator 10 feel that
he. likewise. will be successful ~
overcoming the opposition Of the
common people in Michigan N his
reactionary views II so. I think
he is mistaken: | think he under
rates the voice and the votes OF
the working people Of his state as
expressed in PAC.
And what | have said about the
position OF the one Michigan sena-
tor on this issue applies equally 10
the other: for their positions APP
pear 10 be the same.
The work already accomplished
by our UAW-CIO Fair Practices
Committee convinceS me tina, the
million and a half JAW members
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

ability as an administrator has not been questioned,
not even by those who are working to defeat him.
Operating along the usual line of ealumny and
SANDER the Congressional reactionaries have
charged that Mr.. Williams is not good Presbyter-
ian and that he is in league with radicals and the
devil himself Such nonsense on the part of the old
guard has been ridculed by many conservative
leaders who feel that these attacks upon Mr. Will
liams represent an a-time low on Capitol Hill To
deny Mr.. Williams job which all admit he is quail
fled to hold simply because a few old Tories suspect
him of being back-slider is almost incredible.
We believe that all Americans should speak out
against this attempt to thwart the will Of the Com
mander-in-chef and to cruelty man simply be-
cause he is liberal. Under Mr.. Williams the NYA
was one agency Of government which treated all
citizens equitaby and helped to broaden the base of
our democracy. Millions of Negro and white youth
owe moral obligation to help this great leader who
is being castigated for sticking fast to the principles
of Democracy.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
BY GEO. w. CROCKETT
Executive Director
LAW Fair Practices
Committee

IN his country want ar end to
djScr minaton in industry. We
are lrCd Of fghunZ single handed
.ly management attempts 10 dis
~upt Our organization nv pi,tn-
race asaNs, race We are tired 81
hate strikes" actively fos'Crcd by
auu-urion elements We think the
Federal government should do
something, and do something now.
no, later when the SEEDS ~ d.scord
planted by these employers have
ripcned mo open conflict.
We WH.'. also On end - prciu-
dice and Intolerance Bat ending
ewpioJ On, discrimination can DC
accomplished now II tins De done
now then IN due time. through
educational processes and the free
intCrm.nElinE Of peoples 81 diverse
racial. religious and national back
grounds who even now are learn
ing 10 work and live together the
very process Of doing these things
together will bring an end 10 pref
udice and intolerance.
A concrete example OF this.
Frank, is our National Labor Re-
lations Act. There VIC ended by
law all discrimination because Of
union activities: but certainly We
did not end tho prcjUdiccs many
cong aulcS had against unions.
Nevertheless. through the very
Continued on Page A.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
must think In terms Of the security
and well-being Of the world.

must think In terms Of the security
and well-being Of the world.
People who think otherwise are
inviting and setting in motion
processes that lead 10 another great
war with greater devastation than
we have known or will know IN
this war.
Doesn't II then therefore follow
that there is no separate security
for the North. and there can be
no separate social and economic
process for the South - but rather
, system OF democracy that guar
sniees 10 eacn SniZen, no matter
where he makes his abode, the
minimum standards Of democracy
REINFORCED by the will Of all the
people?
Detroit's officials must seek to
amply some remedy to the hous-
ing problem now confronting Its
Negro population. This remedy
must he applied In order to help
Detroit as city to make Its
maximum contribution TO Ameri-
can democracy. We must seek
To interpret to all OF our people
the selfish value that lies In
Detroit's ability TO meet any
problem that will seek TO under
mine the well-being OF the peo-
pie Of Detroit. The problem OF
Negro housing has In II elements
that will undermine Detroits
weIl-being rs a city II they are
not dealt with now and dealt
With raalisfirsiiu
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
THE SAME GANG

After a long grueling fight during which the
Office to which he was appointed was Invested of
rpQSt of its po3ger, Henry A. Wallace was finally
confirmed as Secretary of Commerce by tne United
States Senate last week The grass root groups
which modified to support him in this fight now
have another job to do for another Roosevelt APP
pointee who is opposed by the same reactionary
gang in the Congress.
Aubrey Williams was appointed Rural Eectr-
fcation Administrator by the President several
weeks ago and the Congressional old guard imme-
diately began to lay the groundwork to forestall
his confirmation by the Senate Mr.. Williams is a
Southern liberal who directed the National Youth
Administration and won the applause of educators
and liberal leaders throughout the country. His
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
BOOK NOTES
By GERTRUDE SCOTT MARTIN
a RISING WIND

"A RISING WIND
In a short. unpretcntious book,
Walter White. executive secretary
Of the n AC.P.. tells Of his expo
riences and observations on the
status OF Negro troops in the Euro
pean theater Of war. Mr WhItc
who visited Europe, and Africa as
a correspondent for the New YORK
Post had an opportunity to talk
with the men in service, white and
black, which ne would rot have
had in his Official capacity. The
result is highly readable aCcoun:
of his travels in which Me- White
points out the contradictions be-
tween the American talk or dcmoc-
racy and It's treatment OF col6rcd
men in the uniform Of the armed
services.
AS others have pointed out, Mr.
White emphasizes the Saiutary. e.
feet OF Negro combat troops IN an
area. He also described the dangers
which the unpublicl1cd service
troops must undergo without glory
and often with a lack OF apprecld-
ton from the men doing the ACTUAL
fightlng. In Italy where there we're
Negro combat troops attempts 70
infame the white soldiers against
Negroes failed for tho most part.
The goth Pursuit squadron, which
with three white Squadrons made
up the 10th Pursuit Group had
covered itself with glory and there
had been established genuine
spirit OF can aradcrle between the
two groups.
EFFECTS OF PREJUDICE
The effects Of American race
prejudice toward Negroes IN Eng
land have been grave. Mr. White
believes. The English have IN
many instances taken the part Of
the Negroes despite tho number of
far-fetched stories spread by
American white soldiers ~ the
Negroes "unintelligent, savage ma
ture." When the close relation
ship between England and this
country now existing is over e.. e.
Resentment over one issue could
he rationalized in criticism over
a totally different one. Thus
race prejudice and the memories
oil. ysSSss ,,,ssoehaViOr by Sy->S,-
leans have already become a part
Of the British concept Of Amer
leans. adding 10 the chaSm be-
tween the two great English
speaking peoples"
Only in isolated instances were
there evidences OF democracy al
work in the armed forces NJ.
White found two phases Of army
life where segregation was neither
practiced nor apparently believed
necessary - in conscientious OBJ
jectors' camps and in hospitals"
The Red Cross followed a strict
policy OF segregation although in
some places that Mr.. White visited
white American troops visited the
Negro" club frequently. In one
small English town the townSpco-
pie baked al an attempt by white
commissioned officers 10 have Nc
arn Soldiers. banned from the socLal
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10
IAN Open Letter To CONGRESSMAN
Frank Hook Of Michigan

March 2, l945
Honorable Frank Hook
Member OF Congress from
Michigan
Washington. D. {.
Dear Frank:
Those OF us here in Michigan
whofsupported your candidacy for
congress have added reason now
to be proud of the fact that we
succeeded in sending 10 Washing
ton a representative OF your
caliber and personal integrity.
Your recent alteration with Con-
gresham Rankin OF Mississippi
has enhanced tif that be possible)
your standing with us.
All too frequently in recent
weeks we have had cause 10 be in
creasingly Disguised with some OF
our Representatives and senators
who seemingly are with each other
in fence sitting" and in carrying
water on both shoulders where
issues OF Importance to the masses
Of people in Michigan are con-
cerned.
A good example OF what I mean
is the letter now before me- which
we received from one OF our
Michigan senators. We wrote our
senator requesting his active sup
port for Senate Bill Sl0l-a COM
panion bill to the one you spon-
sored in the House Of Representa-
tiveS Ia establish Permanent Fair
Employment Practices Commission
with power in the Federal courts
10 enforce or modify and enforce
the commissions orders
This Is what the senator said in
reply:
Although 7 am not on the senate
committee which is considering
this legislation. ! am in favor OF
the right kind ~ bill. II is my
earnest hope, therefore. that when
the bill is finally reported 10 the
senate floor for action II viii be
in such form that will be able 10
conscien,iously support il. You
may be sure it will have my care
full consideration
Now just what does The senator
mean by the right kind OF a bill !
Does he mean that he is opposed
10 Senate Bill Sl0l or any bill
which. not only would prohibit
employment discrimination in in
terstate commerce. but also would
rrovide the necessary enforcement
machinery TO enable the courts to
make this prohibition Rctive?
Does this Michigan senator mean
that the right kind Of bill is
the kind proposed by Senator Taft
of Ohio which would do nothing
more than give a permanent status
to the present FEPC with its total
absence Of enforcement machin-
cry? II the senator is at all con-
versant with the desires OF Michi-
gan voters. he should know how
thoroughly we resent this red her
ring Senator Taft has thrown
across the path all Republicans
must follow. il they would live up
to their campaign promises and
platform.
The senator's position Is all the
more battling 10 me because TINS
same senator assured me personal
~ last summer that he was in
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

new day. Man
a cement a n d
the press are
trying 10 sup
press labor. II
mana & G m c n {
wouldn't be so
cocky, { h ere
wouldn't be so
many wars
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

been justified.
II management
is 10 have the
power 10 fire
the representa-
tives OF the
rank and file
m e m b e r ship,
the union has
lost its bargain
ing power. |
feel that man.
a2cment and
la dor can set
tie these differ
enceS amicably
al A common
conference ia
bile -
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

II lltlllS INl Nt
nocracy and Il
We can't get
democracy dur
ing the war, we
won't be able
20 get 1t after
the war. Man
agemcnt is US
ing the patri-
otto angle 10
take advantage
Of the workers.
] feel that labor
should m a k e
even more de-
mAndS
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

labor could find
some method Of
settling h cir
differences that
would not in
volve supply
holdups. De-
troit IS a vital
war city How
evps Ian
araM4.,{ " Unfair
treatment Of
any kind"
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-10

demands OF the
workers. Labor
S h o u l d go
{ h 70 U & h the
proper channels
before calling
strikes. ! think
unions outlive
their usefulness
when they al
low petty diff
ferences 10 up
set the equilib-
rum OF a whole
plant.