davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
RadnicÌŒka borba = Workers' struggle. [volume] ([New York, N.Y.]) 1907-1970, 1945-08-16
S konja ma magarca

Kroz duge godine Ekonomske De-
presije Drugog Svetskog Rata, Earl
Browder je bio olicenje "ameriekog ko-
munizma'.
Sad njegov drug VIM. z. Foster do
kazuje, ma zadovoljstvo svih americkih
"komunista", da Browder "vuce rad
nistvo liza burzoazije predaje amerieki
narod u ruke imperijalizma' - ito
ime "marksizma-leninizm
Sad polozaj Browdera uzima opet
Foster, koga je pre- blizu dive decenije
kad je, Foster takodjer drzao isti polo
zaj,- :Browder,r isto ma zadovoljstvo ta-
dasnjih americkih "komunista", optu-
zio da "vuce radnistvo liza burzoazije
predaje americki narod ruke imperi-
jalizma"
Tako americki "komunisti' perio-
dicno skacu konja ma magarca -
ali nikad ne ostavljaju put burzoazije
i imperijalizma!
Sa istom logicnoscu mogao bi Brow
der povratiti Fosteru fosterovcima ISL
10 "a ognjilo', optuzujuci ga, doka-
zujuci. da on ''vuce radniStvo iza bur-
zoazije" da sluzi kao igracka u ruka-
ma "imperijalizma''
Fosterova "nova" linija, tex je ona
ista stara, Browderova hnija -poskrop-
LENA mako sa "jacom'' revolucionar-
nom frazeologijom.
A kada bi jos pogledali dublje
Fosterovu istoriju uverili bi Sc ponovo,
da njegov rekord u radnickom pokretu,
kroz decenije, nije nista mamie bur
zoaski Cd Browderovog. Dovoljno je da
Sc samo setimo ma njegovo kupovanje,
i potstrekavanje drugih da kupuju, eli
berty Bond"-ove proslom svetskom
ratu, da ne pominjemo, einjenicu,
da je Foster i u ovom ratu verno odano
sledio propagirao Browderovu ''bur-
zoasku liniju''!
RadnicÌŒka borba = Workers' struggle. [volume] ([New York, N.Y.]) 1907-1970, 1945-08-16
"Normalni ljudi"

Pittsburska Slobodna Rec ina uvod-
mix pod naslovom "Slucaj sa M. Sme-
ingom', u kom veil:
'Nekada Sc desc takve stvari, cd
kojih Sc normalnom coveku zaista snrk-
ne pred ocin1a. Jedna takva stvar Je
imenovanje hitlerovackog psa, boksera
Maksa Smelinga da 'vaspitava Nemce
demokratskom duhu'! Ma tai polozaj
imenovale SUI ga Saveznicke vojne vlasti
(americke, iii engleske, iii americko-
engleske). - Oval Smelling nije obican
nemacki voinik. On je bio ljubimac
Hitlera -. On je do rata bio jedan
Cd prvaka nacista >. Ia vreme rata -
videl smo Smelingove fotografije kako
Sc spusta. =. ma ostrvo. Krit da IL ma
sinske puske tamani greki narod Kasnje
on je godinu dana proveo kao sef jednog
koncentracionog logora Poljskoj =.
j ko1enu saA laemaGke nacisticke zveri u
bile preko cetiri miliona Rusa, Poljaka,
Jugoslavena, Francuza drugih narod-
nosti."
Da su ljudi oko Slobodne Reel klas-
nosvesni radnici iii marksisti ne
"normalni ljudi", tojest, sluzincad sis
tema pljacke tiranije - kod njih tai
PRIOR ne bi izazivao "snrkavanje pred
ocima"
Ma danasnjem svom stupnju, kapi-
talisticki sistem treba samo takvo "de-
mokratsko vaspitanje" kakvo mogu da
predaiu razni Smelinzi - nikakvo druk-
CHE!
RadnicÌŒka borba = Workers' struggle. [volume] ([New York, N.Y.]) 1907-1970, 1945-08-16
kovaGev CekiG.
iii
SEIJACKI ZAKON

Sa orginalnog francuskog engeski: Daniel De Leon
Sedamnaesta knjiga romano Eugene Sue-a: "Tajne
naroda iii "Istorija jedne proeterske porodice kroz
vekove" Prica Vehkon, Monarhu
6.
(
- Sta 81 ii rekla Moi teto?
Govorila sam da: Priznat da je uloga krasne
Madeoiselle Kerouaille, koja je danas vojvotkinja
cd Portsmouth,, jedna cd najuglednjih DANA u En-
gleskoj, razogom usluznosti koje dobiva, jeste
uloga vredna zavisti
- Bertha cd Plouernela Sc strese; memo lepo
obicno bledo lice bese zapaljeno cd rumena; njene
crne obrve skupise se i, zureci ma Marchioness sa
neprikrivenim prenerazenjem rece:
- Ii meni postavi takvo pitanje?
Sta tebe zaprepastnje, draga moja?
Ii pitas meme da meni izgleda uloga Made
moisele Kerouaile zasluzna mole zavisti?
-Da, naravno, mole drago dete; pitanje je sasvim
RadnicÌŒka borba = Workers' struggle. [volume] ([New York, N.Y.]) 1907-1970, 1945-08-16

Otkad ie batinasko "demokratsko
vaspitanje" postalo "demokratskije" cd
smelingovackog "denokratskog vaspita-
nja''?!
RadnicÌŒka borba = Workers' struggle. [volume] ([New York, N.Y.]) 1907-1970, 1945-08-16

Vise vredi jedan najmanji clancie IL raci-
onalne ekonomije no sve bogoslavske knjige
Ito III ma svetu ina. - Vasa Pelagic.
Evening star., 1945-07-18

Rebecca C. Stewart. 10. 14s3 Newton
% Bertha N. Law. Ss. 900 D st. s.w.
n. q. and Marjorie =. Boyd. %, IS
Albert q. shadid. 49,. 1887. Massachusetts,
ave. s.e., and Myrtle y. Lloyd, 21, 1904
stotea srnoid sVs ss so1s Portland p
and Annie B. Robertson. "a. 1908 Ham
zeb r. Hamilton. jr.. 25. 2s03 2eth st.
me-, and Irene B. HinnerS 20. Boiling
Andrew s. Kennedy. jr., 22. 1921. Valley
pl. Sc, and Hazel L. Grimm, "a, 1921
Lester II. Mock, jr., "a. 1164 Abbey pl.
| 1ss,S ana az theresa A. Howard ~ 23l
chapies 9ta =; is Dimmick, e., 1901 NJ st. me-,
and Faye Kiger. 23. 1900 Franklin st.
william e. Allen. 40. 1925 r st. NV,
and Lillian A. Mitchell, AZ, 654 Girard
James Mcintosh. 40. sss M st. NV. and
- Alice Margin. 3s; 80 palson st. ne.
Fla, and Dolores e. Edwards, "a. 2o12
Robert t. II. Goggins "a, 1771 st. NV,
and Ella L. Jackson. 22, 1442 corcoran
st. NV.
Issued at Fairfax.
Bert WILDER Paul, 80, Philadelphia. and
Juanita Mae Worley, 81, washington.
Charles william Poole, "a, and Eva Eliza
beth Mikonis, "a, both of Fort Belvoirl
Frank Ashby Garrison, II. and Billie LOU
Evening star., 1945-07-18

Robert Lueido, s7. and Irene M. Hum.
william C. Carter 40. Pikesyille, Md.
and Margaret L. Forbes. 81. Baltimore
Robert c. Higgins. 20. s14 Quincy stree!
Quincy st. NV.
william r. Humphrey, 23, Navy Yard. anc
Edythe J. Gatehouse, 21. Henderson
Hall, Arlington.
Fred A. wehmeyer. %. Fort Meade. Md.
and Helen B. orpin, 10, 2426 Firsi
Julia ". Taylor. 90. l29 35th st, ne.
Maj. Richard @. Holcombe, jr, 81, 1890
hantsr bsais ag p Ebbst Biz Hots1 and odstts A. La
william Mirengoff.. 80. Brooklyn, and Tes.
sic Frost, "a, 1910 Connecticut ave. NV
Anthony Lee. 22, and Lois v. Blanton. boti
willie 0s r. Ss Hun. ~ 80. ao7 st. nw ant
I'm, Mosell Howard, 20, 111e 7th St. NV.
wif% Maned wstSn aE.qs SS 4eHaasFa A aast splni a
Charles G. chadwen, 90, Norfolk, va, ant
Elsie A. Thorpe 49, WAVE Head
and Dorothy L. Tishky. 1s. 51IS GeOr
gia ave. NV; r -
Innis, ae SO. both Of ~ s25i nG 1eth 'fe st. NV! mac
John. H. ,Stellman, 22, Brooklyn and Lor
ratne M. Gatti, 10, 5420 32nd st, NV,
Frank N. Jones, 40. Baltimore, and Goldi
e. Morgan. 30, TP7 Kenyon st. NV.
Owen p. Rafferty,, 40. 3542 11th st. NV
and Bertine NJ Atkinson, 90, 72I Gala
tin st. NV.
Thomas p. Hudock. "a. Cleveland, an
Adelaide A. Finn; 22, 1854 S4th st. "
and Ola Thomas. 33, 609 18th st. n,
Audrie s. Childs. 81, 1416 U St. NV,
and Pearl Wigglesworth, 81. 1927 Par
Charles II. Dennis, jr., %. 14O1 Bango
st; Sc. and Louise C. DeMouy' 27. 81
Ray q. Gartten. %. Houston Hotel an
Evening star., 1945-07-18

Use Russell II. both Of Route Q, Manas-
sas.
Roger Daune Blake, 25, Fort Belyoir, and
Virginia Upton, 81, Oaklawn. Va.
John Edgar Beier, ~, Chicago, and Grace
Rose Boyle, 27, Washington.
Walter Curtis Imrie, 33. Rumford,. n. l.,
and Mary Mcintosh Brookings, ~, Sem
mary, Va.
Issued at Rockville.
Wilbur r. Webster, 20, Boiling Field. d. c.,
and Mary M. Grattan, 23, Sedgwick,
Julian Nelson Sherman. AZ, and Minnie
Lee Benton, SO, both Of Washington.
and katherine e. Tucker, 20. Atlanta,
GA.
Herman L. Weaver. "a, and Grace Hagney.
81, both Of WASHINGTON.
George e. Thompson, "a, Macon. N. c.,
Evening star., 1945-07-18

and Shirley Dean Boughton. 2b. Par
walter A. Trout, 63, and Mabel C. Myers.
AZ. both Of Washington.
Clyde, 9, Landes. 81 Weyers Cave. Va.
Calvin C. Saunders, 20, and Gwendolyn
Noe. 18. boht Of Washington,
Jasper c.. Mills. "a, and Ruth Il. Reid, 20,
both OF Granite Falls. N. c.
Everett w. Peaks. 21, and June L. Downs,
~, both Of Silver Spring, Md.
Charles " psisley 21 Moisn. Sisgsntiso Va' and
Henri p. r. Lafieur, 20. WASHINGTON, and
Gretchen c.. Richter, 81. Bethesda Md
Ralph Russo, "a. Geneva, N. Y, and Mary
b, Courier, 23, Washington.
Frederick p. Armstrong, 28, and Dian n
Judd, 22, both of Washington.
Eugene P. Sanchez. 21, and Gloria M
Bandurant. 20. both Of Washington.
Evening star., 1945-07-18
Marriage License
Applications

Under d. c. IatDs, couples must
apply for a marriage license on
one day, tcait three full days and
receipe the license on the nth
day. Sundays and holidays are
counted the same as other days.
Evening star., 1945-07-18

New Fur Coots from Sl30 to
S795, plus 2O% tox. Perslon
Lamb, Canadian Beaver,
Beover-dyed Mouton Lomb
in the collection.
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Berlin
Continued From First Page.

will be a question of weeks before
they have forced the German de-
tense back as far as the city proper
The first backbone of very strong
reserves is massed behind the Oder,
and these fortifications must be
broken.
Then the Russians face the Berlin
suburbs and the city itself with tens
of thousands of barricades, mines
and ruins transformed into fort
resses. AS far as the city stretches,
fortifications block the streets and
byways. When I drove from Berlin
it took me 80 minutes to travel
miles because the barricades are so
thick it is difficult to pass them:
When the Russians come they
must count on heavy antitank fire
from each barricade. If everything
goes according to plan," one may
predict Berlin's conquest will require
six to eight weeks.
High military stats were evacu-
ated from Berlin in haste last week
and the capital is supposed to be
declared a fortress soon. Whether
the government will remain in Ber-
lin is uncertain, but it seems i'm
probable since all civilian life is to
be placed under military authority.
The government was evacuated in
part after the last heavy daylight
raid on February g.. For some time
it had been functioning only form
ally in the devastated government
quarter. Several ministries were laid
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Prison Ship
Continued From First Page J

contained 800 prisoners in a space
about go by 40 feet and only little
higher than the head of an average
man.
Prisoner Since Bataan Fell.
u. Petritz had been a prisoner
since the fall OF Corregidor, early
in 1912, and had been interned in q
camp which he described only as
No. 8. He had been captured while
commanding patrol vessel operat-
ing inside Manila Bay at night after
the fall of Bataan.
Last October. he said. 1900 Amer
ican prisoners and about 30 British
and Dutch were taken from their
camp to Bilibid prison for transfer
to Japan. They were placed aboard
Jap transport vessel along with
many Japanese soldiers and civilians
on December Is and started sail
ing that night. They cleared the
mine fields in Manila Bay and
started up the west coast. The
aerial assault began the following
morning.
1t. Petritz said the prisoners
could not tell what was going on
topside, but he judged the ship
was being headed into the beach
The attacks continued that after
noon and were resumed the follow
ing afternoon when the ship finally
sank
The prisoners who had not al.
ready suffocated tried to climb the
ladders but were fired on by Taiwan
tFormoSa) soldiers. AS the shir
went down, however, the japanese
guards and civilians got of and
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Mrs. haryT. volI Dies;
Active in Music-CircIes

Mrs. Mary T. voll. so, wife OF
John E Voll, assistant to the chief
Of printing of the Weather Bureau
died Tuesday in. Garfield Hospital
after a short Illness Mrs. Vol lived
at 4702 Brandywine street NV.
Mrs. Voll, who was active for
many years in local music circles,
was native of Shelbyville, Ind. She
had lived in the District since 1912
and was a member of the Mu Phi
Epsilon, musical sorority, the PEG
Sisterhood and the Calvary Meth
odist Church.
Besides her husband, Mrs. Voll is
survived by her father, Judge
Joseph w. Thompson, formerly a
justice in Shelbyville, who resides at
3l55 Nineteenth street NV. and a
brother, George Dixon Thompson,
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Jacob Klein, Retired Tailor
Dies After Years Illness

Jacob Klein, 76, retired tailor, died
yesterday at his home, 1911 Varnum
street NV. He had been Ill for
q year.
Mr.. Klein, a native of Russia, came
to Washington SO years ago. Shortly
after his arrival he established the
tailoring business from which he re-
tire 10 years ago.
Survivors include his widow, Mrs.
Minnie Klein; two daughters. Mrs.
Jack Grober and Mrs. Leon Brill,
and two sons, Ruben and Earl Klein.
Funeral services will be held at
II am. tomorrow at the Danzansky
funeral home. Burial will be in the
District of Columbia Lodge Gem
etery.
Evening star., 1945-02-22

the surviving prisoners got into thu
water.
1t. Petritx said that Is the Amer
leans swan toward the shore, ths
japanese on the beach started Ar.
ing with machine guns and rifles.
Befriended by Filipinos.
However, they apparently did
not try TO kill the prisoners, he
said, hut directed their fire for
the purpose Of forcing the prisoners
to swim toward the beach as rapidly
rs possible. But the men in the
water were fighting an ebb tide"
The naval officer said he managed
to swim away from the Japs and
reached the shore, where he joined
Z band Of Filipino guerillas who took
good care Of him until he was
picked up on January ~ by a ves-
sci OF the 7th Fleet and taken
aboard Vice Admiral Thomas @.
Kinkaid's flagship.
1t. Petritz, n, has just been pro-
NOTED from the rank Of ensign. He
said he was fairly well treated dur
ing his stay In the Jap prison camp.
He said he was not on the Death
March of Bataan." He praised the
American Red Cross for the pack
ages they managed to get through
to the camp. Most Of the contents
Of the packages, he said, reached
the prisoners. These items, he re-
lated, included cans of meat, dried
fruit, canned ham and eggs, butter,
cigarettes, vitamin pills, jelly and
chocolate.
The Navy said 1t. Petritz's story
was the first account Of the dis
aster.
Evening star., 1945-02-22

smoke and conhagration. Since
then there has been no halt.
Distractions Built.
Prisoners Of war, among them
many Russians, groups Of c0nvicts
and Ill types Of foreigners. trucked
and dumped together steel girdera
from the ruins, burned safes, tim
bers and masses OF brick and stone
block for the barricades.
The Volkssturm. totally modified,
was ordered to build obstructions
whenever not needed for guard duty.
Engineers built more complicated
Notifications. Their blasting could
be beard from morning until night
fall.
The position Of Berlin rs 'front.'
line city Is emphasized by alerts and
Mosquito bomber attacks four or five
times daily. At first Berliners were
skepticai regarding the barricades
because they seemed too improvised.
But these since have taken on the
shape Of real defense lines.
Evening star., 1945-02-22
THE EVENING STAR Washington = G
THURSDAY, n,

in ruins that bloody Saturday Is !
result Of the American carpet
bombing, and long into the night
workers sought to recover archives
from the ruins. The same scene was
enacted outside Hitler's cfancellory
which though blasted open, never
was fully laid in ruins.
Roads Crowded.
With the proclamation of Berlin
as fortress the last chance of
escape to future battlefield will be
practically eliminated. In reality
this opportunity has not existed for
the civil population for weeks. Ber-
lin simply can't be evacuated be-
cause there is no place to go and no
means of travel.
AS I drove toward the Baltic
coast the roads were crowded with
endless caravans Of refugee prairie
wagons" from Pomerania to West
Prussia, all moving westward. Every
house In every village and every
town was packed with refugees to
the last corner.
Berlins millions, therefore, must
stay put in their ruins. Just the
lack of transportation makes evac-
uation unthinkable. Despite the
bombing, Berlin's population is big
ger now than before. 1t is estimated
at approximately 5,500,000.
A journey in subway or look
at the endless streams of people in
the Friedrichstrasse or Alexander
platz stations is enough TO re-
move any doubts in that respect.
Subway and elevated trains are so
crowded 1t is impossible to topple
over even II one tainted in the
sitting air. Where aie all these
people going? Where do they come
from? Where do they live?
These questions are difficult to
answer.
Evacuees Return.
Not only have tens of thousands
of previously evacuated women and
children and masses Of refugees re-
turned to the capital with no other
place to go, but there are hundreds
OF thousands of foreigners.
How will this anthill be supplied
when the siege begins? Where will
the people 60 for protection from
artillery bombardment.
During the last air attacks the
air-raid shelters proved inadequate.
and indescribable scenes occurred
at the entrances.
Despite all, however, life continues
in Berlin-work and business traffic
where it hasn't been destroyed. But
one senses almost a rural, or per-
haps fatalistic. silence over every
thing-a breathless tenseness in the
face of some hideous uncertainty
which is inevitable.
Civilian machinery still was func-
tioning tolerably a few days ago
when I left, even though it was
limping badly here and there. and
government officials still allow them
selves time for red tape. But work
is mainly concentrated on fortifica-
tions. At the same time that peo-
pie were clearing the debris after
the giant February raid, work on
oarricades proceeded amidst the
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Action in 10 Days
Demanded in Dispute
On Doctors Licenses.

Maryland General Assembly dele.
gates from Prince Georges anf
MONTGOMERY Counties reported to.
day they had given the State Boare
OF Medical Examiners 10 days to act
neiore seeking legislative means OF
forcing them to return to borderline
certincates for District doctors prac-
uclng N nearby Maryland counties
the Associated Press reported in An
napolis.
The General Assembly delegates
met yesterday with District Health
Omcer George c. Rutland, Theo-
dore Wiprud, secretary of the Dis
trfct Medical Society, and the Mary
land examiners. DR.. John T. OMara
secretary OF the State examiners, was
said to have promised that his board
would restudy the question.
The Maryland board took action
against borderline certificates, which
cost 81, on October 81. Delegate Gill
Democrat, OF Montgomery County
chairman Of the meeting, said the
District Board of Medical Examiners
continued to issue borderline certifi-
Gates to Maryland doctors, but the
Maryland board required a District
physician to obtain resident IL
cense, which costs $50.
Would Await Peace.
DR.. Ruhland has maintained that
the problem of borderline certifl-
Gates should be settled after the
war and not during the emergency,
when there is a shortage of doctors.
The view also has been expressed
in medical circles that If Mary
lands action Is followed elsewhere
District physicians might have to
obtain three licenses to practice in
the Metropolitan Area-a license
from the District, Maryland and
Virginia.
Mr.. Wiprud said he read letter
from the medical society to the
legislative committee in which a
plea was made for continuing bor-
derline certificates and establishing
the boundaries in the Metropolitan
Area for use of such certificates.
1t was recommended that the area
for certificates include parts of
Montgomery and Prince Georges
Counties.
Short of Doctors.
It also was pointed out that,
while standards call for one physi-
clan for each 1900 or 1900 persons,
some counties of nearby Maryland
have a ratio of l to 1890.
No action has been taken, either
by Maryland or District authorities,
in the case of physicians holding
certificates obtained before Novem-
Der /. Some regular licenses have
been obtained by District doctors
IN Maryland, it was reported.
Evening star., 1945-02-22

also Of the Nineteenth street ad-
dress.
Funeral services will be held at
pm. Saturday at the s, H. Hines
funeral home, 290l Fourteenth
street NV, with the Rev. DR.. James
|Shera Montgomery, chaplain Of the
House, oficiating, and the Rev.
Orris g. Robinson, pastor OF the
Calvary Methodist Church, assist
Ing. Burial will be in Glenwood
Cemetery
Evening star., 1945-02-22
Army Asked 10 Explain
18-Year-0Id Casualties
BY the Associated Prass.

BY the Associated Press.
Representative Hess, Republican,
Of Ohio has written to Gen. George
@. Marshall asking an explanation
for the appearance in recent cas-
ualty lists OF names Of 18-year -old
boys drafted less than year ago.
Mr.. Hess told reporter he in
formed the Army chief OF staff
that In scanning recent casualty
lists I have noticed the names Of
Evening star., 1945-02-22

boys who have been In service six
months, seven months, and eight
months.
He said he asked Gen. Marshall
how he reconciled that with state
ments he said were made to Con-
gress by the War Department, In
Evening star., 1945-02-22

asking for lowering of the draft
age, that 1t would be impossible to
train battle requirements In less
than year and that 18-year-old
youths would be given q years
training before being sent into COM
bat.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-08-29
Lend-Lease And Gratitude

Recent events must have proved extremely dSluslon-
 Ing to those Americans who have imagined that nations which have benefited from the generosity of Uncle sam would be so eternay grateful that they never would thk of saving harsh things about the old gentleman But as realistic people expected gratitude has been proved once more to be eeting emotion It now appears that many nations maintained the appearance of gratitude only TOT so long time the United States kept the gravy train run ming When that stopped the expressions of gratitude not only ceased, but gave way to violent criticisms
 The gravy train in this instance was of course, the Lendease assistance which President Truman at the end of the war-us it was intended to be ter mated from beginning And may may not have been significant that the first and most violent crltlcsms came from Great Britain which received nearly three times as much LendLease aid as all other natorS comoneo Ana seemingly in Britain to speak up for uncle Sam Rival political leaders who rarely agree on anytnng were as in assaing the termination of LendLease
 However the reactions that have occurred shouldn't surprise anyone thing happened after the other war It was inevitable that it should happen after the one the natural reaction of human nature When the idea ot first conceived and put into operaton the beneficaries of it unquestonaby gratefurantcaly grateful Their position of desperation and despair iendLease was new hope Without it their situation was hopeless With it, desparng peoples got tnelr 1rst 1ae glinmering of the victory eventually achieved.
 No one doubt the sincerity of the gratitude at the outset But the torrentia flow of LendLeaSe aid cont ued in full flood the recipients became accustomed to It. And human nature being what it is these nations may have reached psychological point of feeling that Lend Lease something to which they entitled Some oo voSly reached the point where they et when it was dls being snatched away. Resentment natural though without justification.
 However, everyone should recognize that Lend-Lease had to ended at time It was inevitable that when the time came recipients of help wouldn't like it. They aren't any resentfu than they would have been if the President had waited one five 10 years % call the halt So perhaps it is just well that Mr. Truman acted when did-and it U. S. taxpayers many millions