davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-29

DIS mission, heF y. =. cast.
largely supported by the Church of
the Epiphany. The mission held
services in Trinity Chapel at Sixth
and N streets NV.
Mrs. Jane Farnham donated a site
at Twelfth and N streets NV, for
a building A substantial contri-
button by Caleb Cushing gave i'm
petus to the plan and on June 1S.
1866. the cornerstone was laid The
first service was held in the church
on December "a, 1867 with the Rev.
R. n. LoWrie. who had served the
mission and was then the rector
officiating.
The Rev. DR.. James Hubbard sue
ceeded Mr.. LoWrie and upon his
resignation in 1874 the Rev. DR..
Isreal L. Townsend became rector.
He served % years. until 1896, and
was followed by the Rev. William
T. Snyder, who was rector from 1896
until his death in 1922. That part
OF the present church known as the
Evening star., 1945-09-29
fomline Methodist Church

y. Stewart Patterson Will address
ne rally Gay service at the Hamline
Church tomorrow at 9:45 am. on
The Church in the New Age"
National Education Week" will
ho observed at II am. with the
message by Dr., H W. Burgan on
The CurCh Is the Body of Christ.
Following the sermon the officers
and teachers Of the Hamline Church
school will he installed.
On Thursday night the Board of
Education will give an appreciation
dinner to officers and teachers of
the church school.
Evening star., 1945-09-29
Congress Street Church

A former pastor will preach al
Congress Street Methodist Church
Sunday morning. He is the Rev
George Hines of Oxford, Md. now
retired member OF the Peninsula
Annual Conference. and pastor of
the Congress Street Church from
l926-l928.
Evening star., 1945-09-29

l(t'A At'Al.
The Church of
the Incarnation
is the older. 1t
was started on
June l8, 1865
when l3 persons
held services in
a M e t h 0 d ! S t
Church on M,
between Ninth
a n d T e n I h
S t re e s N. w.
Later in the
same year the
" 0 + S h p per S
were organized
aS n pojccjon
Evening star., 1945-09-29

meeting in Nava.
Lodge H a ! |
Fourth S t + e e
a II d PennSyl-
vania a V e n u {
Sc.
The Box Bible
Glass of Emory
M e t h 0 d / S I
Church will hold
its 23d annua.
banquet at the
church Tuesday
at 7 pm. DR.
Ere d er lex E
Reissig, eXecu-
t iv e secretary
F. e d era ton OF
Evening star., 1945-09-29

up all his family
We have studied
the d r a m a t | C
recognition and
+ e u n on of
Joseph and his
brothers. N o W
we find the aged
patriarch, Jacob
himself, enter
ing the land of
refuge u n d e r
uiOSt IlIIlJICSSlVc
C i + cumStanCeS.
His meeting with
his long lost son,
J o S e p h, AS he
came to Egypt, ,
Evening star., 1945-09-29
BY CASPAR NAMES.

The Church of St, Stephen and
the Incarnation at Sixteenth and
Newton streets NV. is union of
two Episcopal churchs whose history
goes back to the last century. The
union took place in 1926 when the
parish of The Incarnation and that
of ST. Stephen formed the present
Evening star., 1945-09-29
IA Lesson
| For the Week
By WILLIAM T. ELLIS.

Thanks to the sensational expert
ences of Joseph, all of his kindred
were able, in famine time. to find
refuge in Egypt. His rise had lifted
Evening star., 1945-09-29
Organized
Bible Glasses
Ry DIR. PAGE Mex FTCHISoN

Mayor Theodore r. Mckeldin of
Baltimore will be the guest teacher
tomorrow at the Trinity Mems Bible
Glass of Trinity Methodist Church
Evening star., 1945-09-29

The Sunday School Lesson for
September 30 is The IsraeliteS
in Foreign Land" - Genesis
xlvi50.
Evening star., 1945-09-07

that the main rocks OF Labrador are
the oldest in the world. The penin-
sula has been rising from the sea for
ages-perhaps for the sixth or
eighth time. Sir Wilfred Grenfell
wrote Of its mineral wealth as being
about all that could ever be ex-
pected in the ancient formations"
But, he also declared: "The discov-
cry OF gold and silver, nickel and
cobalt, lead, zinc and copper in the
same Archaean complex of which
Labrador's vast table land is known
to be formed, just further west in
Ontario, and now in Manitoba and
now in Newfoundland, gives reason
to try and reread the story of the
earth in terms of more modern ex-
perience,"
Evening star., 1945-09-07
On the Record
BY Dorothy THOMPSON

CATION as it was before the experiment
began. We have been virtually
locked up ever since" He threatened
that 'if attempts are made to continue
censorship and prevent free diSsemina-
ton OF scientific knowledge" the SCI
entists would, in effect, go on strike
I'VE will begin an elaborate study of
the colors OF butterflies" he remarked.
He said that, among nuclear scien-
lists everywhere there is no real secret
about the atomic bomb. Our only secret
is the capacity of the bomb.
The II scientists In Chicago were not
the first to utter a protest. On August
%, Lise Neither, the remarkable woman
scientist and exile from Berlin, who
played a decisive role in the whole de-
velopment, wrote a short article, which
was cabled from Stockholm, where she
has done her work. She said, When
the original research began before the
war nothing was farther from our
minds than the utilization of this en-
ergy for the manufacture of bombs.
When the theoretical possibility of such
utilization was discovered, /, like any
other responsible person, hoped that its
practical realization would not be pos
sible. The scientist is ever awe
struck at the discovery of the laws of
nature, and to use these laws for the
construction of weapons which might
lead to the humiliation of mankind is
blasphemy to him. May the first two
atom bombs to have been dropped also
be the last ones. The energy liber-
ated must find application to raise the
prosperity Of all nations" =.
revolt of scientists is serious for
political and military leaders. Science
has always been international, except
in times of actual warfare Scientists
are looking for natural truths and these
have no nationality. If state wants
to monopolize such scientific discoveries
as that of uranium flssion, it must
first cut the international ties Of sci
ence, and, second, abolish all constitu-
tional freedoms for scientists.
There may be those who think that
is not too high price for power-but
they won't get or increase power that
way For the best scientists won't work
in chains. The proof Of that is that the
greatest atomic scientists are in this
country because they love-and need
freedom,
Evening star., 1945-09-07
Iron in Labrador

Labrador is nothing but a name
to most Americans, but the time
may come fairly soon when it will
be name which they will find
synonymous with the basic metal of
postwar civilization. Recent ex-
ploration of "the northeast corner
of North America" has disclosed the
existence of rich beds of hematite
or iron oxide-the crude material of
steel. Biologists this summer are
continuing their examination of the
plateau terrain, searching for addi-
tional deposits with probing dia-
mond drills. Meanwhile, engineers
have been making preliminary plans
for railroad connecting the areas
of the projected mining operations
with the Saint Lawrence Valley
through which the ore eventually
is expected to move in boats to the
manufacturing centers of Buffalo,
Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago and
other Great Lakes cities.
Everything depends on the guam
tity of hematite located by the
geological explorers. approximately
half a billion tons of ore must be
shown to be available, if the ex-
ploitation of the Labrador field is to
be justified economically. Prelimi-
nary surveys indicate that tie
known beds may hold twice or thrice
the minimum requirement. Thus it
is possible that an equivalent of the
famous Mesabi Range of Minnesota
has been found. II so, the leaders
OF the steel industry will rejoice.
Meanwhile, the public at large
we'll may be interested in any
development which promises the
opening" Of Canada's diversified
epaulet." Scientists for generations
have been familiar with the fact
Evening star., 1945-09-07
Intelligence Service
Bv Mai. George Fielding Eliot

for example, were worldwide, with
agents and sympathizers in every coun-
try. that we know that there are other
movements no less sinister in purpose,
though perhaps less Immediately appar-
ent to the general observer, which If
permitted to get out of hand may start
trouble that will be less easy to deal
with once it has begun. We know that
in such a world, every new move-po-
litical, religious, economic, scientific
may have the significance of life or
death.
Sound information Is the basis of all
intelligent action. We must have the
information. The only way to get 1t is
by organized effort.
The proposed national intelligence
service should, of course, be responsible
directly to the President. 1t cannot
confine its activities purely to naval and
military information: indeed it should
supplement, not supersede, the intelli-
gence branches of the armed services,
which should continue their own ac-
tivities. Nor should it supersede the
information gathering agencies of the
State Department, the Commerce De-
partment or the Treasury, which like
wise should carry on.
** 4 =
1t should provide clearing house for
the pooling of all information obtained
by these agencies, so that what is known
to one should be available to all; and
it should also carry on specialized In
quiries of its own, using its own agents,
and making the information thus OBJ
tanned available to all interested de-
partments. Within the United States it
should cooperate closely with the FBI,
but it should not itself carry on do
mestic activities.
In considering the actual functioning
of such an intelligence service, we are
once again forcibly reminded of the
need for coordination of the activities
and especially the policies OF the State
Department and the armed services; or,
to put it more accurately, for some per-
manent agency whose task is to keep
our foreign and military policies in that
balance without which neither can serve
our interests well.
This is world in which delay NAV
be not only dangerous but fatal; it is
world In which We can no longer az
ford the luxury of neither knowing nor
caring what is happening in distant
lands Of which we once had never heard
nor cared to hear.
tcopyrisht, le4s.,
Evening star., 1945-09-07
Congressional Probe

If congressional investigation of
the Pearl Harbor disaster is con-
Quoted along the lines laid down by
Majority Leader Barkley it should
serve highly useful purpose.
The several official reports which
have been made, as Mr.. Barkley
points out, are conflicting, confusing
and satisfactory to no one. Nor does
it now appear that the proper
remedy, from the standpoint of the
public interest, lies in court-martial
proceedings against Admiral Kimmel
and General Short, for if the courts
martial were to be subjected to the
restraints and limitations which
some officials would have imposed
on the Army's board of inquiry it is
obvious that they could not explore
all of the facts pertaining to the
disaster nor fix responsibility on
civilian actors in the prewar scene
If any should be found culpable.
This leaves comprehensive con-
gressional investigation as the only
feasible means of bringing out the
whole story of Pearl Harbor and
putting at rest the doubts and
suspicious which are so prevalent
today. There can hardly be too
much emphasis, however, on the
Importance of conducting the in
vestigation for the sole purpose of
ascertaining the facts, without re-
gard to political advantage or
personal likes and dislikes.
Most congressional investigations
are intensely political in character,
but every effort must be made to
keep this one on higher plane.
The majority leader, with the ap-
proval of the President, has asked
for an impartial and fearless" probe
which will be "of such dignity and
authenticity as to convince the Con-
gress, the country and the world that
no effort has been made to shield
any person who may have been
directly or indirectly responsible for
the disaster, or to condemn unfairly
or unjustly any person who was in
authority, military or naval or civil
IAN" That is an admirable state
ment of what is wanted in this
matter, and the people of the coun-
try should insist on getting nothing
less.
Meanwhile, the right to court
martial should be preserved for those
officers whose regulations have been
damaged, for they may want to avail
themselves of the privilege and right
of PUBLIC trials as offering the only
possibility of clearing their profess
sional records.
Evening star., 1945-09-07
Filipino QuisIinqs

The Allied military occupation OF
key points in Japan and practical
control over the entire country
brings into our retributive dragnet
the leading figures of that puppet
philippine Republic" established by
the japanese conquerors of the ar
chipelago as part of their vaunted
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere" When the japanese hold
was broken toward the end of last
year, those leaders fled to Japan for
a refuge which has now proved a
vain delusion. They will soon be
rounded up and returned for trial to
their native country which they
betrayed. The most notable of the
group is, of course, President" Jose
Laurel. closely seconded by Jorge
Vargas, former secretary to the late
legal President Manuel Quezon.
Vargas, who was pro-Japanese even
before the war, was one of the first
to throw in his lot with the conquer
ors and was rewarded proportion
ately, eliminating with his appoint
ment as Ambassador" to Tokyo,
where he ranked automatically
alongside the representatives of the
major Axis powers.
1t is interesting to note that these
apostles of collaboration" with ia
NON oro M pou, nh ororoo,ooo ToEyo
has harbored colony of Filipino
political exiles for over half a CEN
tury and the japanese government
has consistently used them as pawns
in it's imperialist schemes, just as it
used similar exiles from British
India, China and other lands in the
Far and Middle East. The Filipino
political colony in Tokyo runs back
to the days of Spanish rule. espe-
cially during the native rebellion
which was in full swing when our
war with Spain led to American in
tervention in the Philippines This
independence movement clashed
with the new American regime set
up by our acquisition of the Philip
pines from Spain. and when it was
forcibly subdued by American arms,
a number of irreconcilables fled to
Japan. There they established a
propaganda organization to spread
disaffection in the Philippines, and
its efforts were visible in various
movements which troubled the
course of the archipelago's political
life. The seeds of "collaborationism"
with Japan were thus sown long be-
fore the outbreak OF the late war
Consequently. the puppet republic"
established under japanese auspices
was not a sudden or improvised
creation. It had its agents and ad-
Evening star., 1945-09-07

To my mind one of the most i'm
portant news stories of the week was
report from Chicago of a luncheon
attended by II scientists who worked
on creating the atomic bomb, and who
expressed, in no uncertain terms, their
indignation at the tragic use" made
Of the discovery. and the treatment they
themselves have since been accorded.
If any one has a right to advise on
the use of the atomic bombs and has
the power to back such advice. 1t is
the scientists who are responsible for
the greatest discovery in history
They know its potentialities, for in
finite disaster or infinite good. They
have power, because without them Sc
crecy cannot Indefinitely be kept; and
secondly, progress in this science is un-
likely without them At this stage. the
pure theoretician is still essential;
atomic science still needs the Galileos
and Einsteins. There are only a hand
full of men in the world who really,
basically, understand nuclear physics.
One of them is DR.. Samuel Allison.
head of the Institute of Nuclear Studies
at the University of Chicago. and one
of the men in charge of the first atomic
bomb explosion experiment in New
Mexico. Speaking for all II of his
colleagues at the luncheon-they in
cluded two Nobel Prize winners, Harold
C. Urey and Enrico Fermi-Dr. Allison
said that all considered it great
tragedy" that so important discovery
should be revealed under such circum-
stances; that they had hoped that by
merely demonstrating the bomb on an
unoccupied island or in japanese home
waters, the war could have been ended.
DR.. Allison vigorously criticized the
dropping of the second bomb on Ma
gasaki, and he made strong plea that
further experimentation with atomic
science be undertaken. with view to
putting it creatively to work for the
welfare of mankind, suggesting some
city be created or taken over for the
sole purpose of conducting these ex-
periments on life-size scale"-the ex-
pertinent being to heat and operate an
entire area by atomic energy.
Dr. Allison also protested situation
in which the atomic scientists have be-
come virtual prisoners, at time when
they are making desperate attempt
to return to free research and lnveStl-
Evening star., 1945-09-07

tai purposes and were to be followed by
some more destructive engines OF war,
If Japan could have stayed In the war
longer.
The fact remains, however. that these
winds might be used in the future for
the launching OF some really deadly
engines OF war.
We possess today the secret of the
atomic bomb, the most destructive war
weapon the world has ever known. But
all the other nations are already using
their own scientists and some of the
Germans who developed Hitler's modern
war technique to further improve the
discovery of the smashing of the atom
for war purposes.
Pravda. ofilcial Moscow newspaper.
stated editorially last week that the
armament race between nations is over
and has made room for the atomic race.
Other governments are less blunt in
expressing their point of view. but there
Is no question that everywhere in Europe
scientists are busy trying to outdo the
atomic bomb by new laboratory work.
They unquestionably will succeed.
&E
With this situation in mind, military
officials in Washington are seriously
concerned over any locality which has
an unquestionable strategic importance
and could threaten the United States
in years to come. They join with dip
lomats and political men all over the
world in the hope that wars might not
be waged in the future. But history
has taught them that the world has
never reached the millennium. More
over, reports from special agents abroad
indicate to them that we are still far
away from the golden age much as we
may try to find it in the United Nations
security organization.
Particular stress is laid on the Kuriles
not only because of their strategic i'm
porance but also because ever since
Russia has become a member of the
United Nations and Americas associate
in world war; she has continued to be a
closed book to her allies.
The concern of the military who must
think in hard, realistic terms does not
indicate any desire to create friction
with our ally. 1t is only factual anal
ysis of conditions which must be taken
into consideration by those responsible
for the further security of this country,
II diplomatic agreements were to fail.
Evening star., 1945-09-07
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The man in the street is Indifferent to
the question of who possesses the Kurile
Islands. Nobody can get excited over
the fact that group Of 80 islands
stretching 1886 miles and occupying
6,159 square miles Of volcanic rocks in
the Northern Pacific, populated by
thousands of seal families and less than
5000 primitive inhabitants has been
handed over to Russia instead of being
claimed by the United States.
But to specialists In the Army, who
because of their duties must think in
terms OF the strategic Importance of
the smallest rock, the decision Of the
government not to claim the Kuriles as
part and parcel OF Americas defensive
system in the Pacific is blow.
The atmospheric conditions in the
North Pacific are very special. The
winds which blow in the Kamchatka
Peninsula - which Is Russian - make
that area useless for military under
takings such as launching Of rockets.
In the Kuriles the winds are blowing
west to east, toward the American West
Coast from September to June.
The Japanese have attempted to ex-
plot this climatic condition. The largest
proportion OF the $50 balloons which are
known to have landed on the West
Coast came from these isles 1t is prob
able that many more were launched
from other places but only that small
number was actually discovered, prin-
cipally in the States Of Washington and
Oregon.
War Department specialists were able
to identify the exact place of launching
from the composition of the soil which
was at the bottom of these aerostats.
The War Department geologists iden-
titled some as coming from as far as
Formosa, and others from Hokkaido
But the largest number started their
trans-Pacific flight from the Kuriles.
r
The intelligence services of Gen. Mac
Arthur are expected to throw more
light on the exact number directed to-
ward the United States and also on the
purpose OF these launchings, from the
archives of the Jap War Department
The few incendiary bombs they carried
across the Pacific could not do much
damage. But the fact that in some of
them range-finding radio sets were dis
covered lends color to the belief that
these balloons were used for experiment
Evening star., 1945-09-07

1t is to be hoped that prompt and
favorable action will be taken by Presi-
dent Truman and the Congress on MAJ.
Gen. William j. Donovan's recommen-
dation for a national intelligence serv-
ice to keep this Government informed
of what is going on in every part OF the
world.
Until the coming of this war brought
about the organization of the Office OF
Strategic Services, which Gen. Donovan
directed with such ability, the United
States had never had real intelligence
service, though every other major gov
ernment in the world has maintained
one. Even the operations of the intel
ligence services of the Army and Navy
had been strictly limited by congress
sional and public suspicion, not to say
distrust
1 can remember, back before the war
when my old friend Capt. William S.
Puleston was director of Naval INTEL
ligence, he was put through a hostile
and searching cross-examinatlon for
almost an hour by members OF the
House Appropriations Committee be-
cause he wanted small sum to buy
mimeograph machines so that he could
distribute vitally important information
to the naval services. The very word
Intelligence was like a red rag to
bull when heard by some Congress
members who were, perhaps, overly
sensitive to the propaganda of the WELL
meaning peace societies and other or
ganizations not so well-meaning who
were concerned that this Government
should not be too well informed.
But times have changed. We are be-
ginning to realize just how vitality i'm
portant it is that our Government
should have the best, the most reliable
and the most up-to-date information
on all that happens throughout the
world. Every change, every trend is now
of vital Importance. This Is the world
of atomic power, of rocket power.
Things move fast in such world. The
servants of the American people must
know what Is happening, II they are to
serve us adequately.
This does not mean that we do not
trust our associates in the new world
organization. It does not imply that we
think the government Of this or that
country Is plotting against US, and we
must therefore spy upon them 1t means
simply that we realize that there are
In this world men of evil purposes; that
We know that the tentacles Of Naziism.
Evening star., 1945-09-07
vocates ready to take over and tunc-

vocates ready to take over and tunc-
ton according to plan.
Today, all Filipinos accused of COL
laborationism strive to set up the
alibi that their actions were dictated
by necessity. But there is obviously
a clear line to be drawn between
those who reluctantly bowed before
brutal and ruthless conqueror, and
those who did so by choice. The past
records OF Japanese agents and SYM
pathizers are known or are now dis
coverable. They should prove a
practical method of separating the
political sheep from the goats.