davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-06-19

The mobbing of train filled with
Spaniards who were being repatri-
ated from Switzerland via Southern
France reveals the disturbed condi-
tionS which still exist within France
almost year after its liberation
from the Axis. Grave though the
affair is in itself, especially in its
international aspects, it is no iso-
lated incident. Rather is it the latest
of long series of outrages COM
mitted by mobs in defiance of the
constituted authorities. Those law
less elements consist chiefly of ex-
tremist members of the former un-
derground who are dissatisfied with
the relatively conservative policies of
the provisional government headed
by General Charles de Gaulle. Their
lawlessness is a direct challenge to
the governments authority. Yet the
maintenance of order is rendered
difficult by the sympathy shown the
rioters by the Communist and other
left-wing political groups.
Only the day before the Spanish
train incident, a sharp alteration
occurred in the Consultative Assem-
bly, between General de Gaulle and
the Communist leader. Florimonde
Bonte De Gaulle denounced Bonte's
demand for wholesale purges in the
French Army as destructive of the
national unity; whereupon the en-
tire Communist delegation rose and
walked out of the chamber to show
their displeasure at the generals
retort and their solidarity with their
party spokesman.
Political tension between the gov
ernment and the Communists will
presumably be increased by the
Spanish train incident. The deplor-
able affair appears to have been pre-
cipitated by report in a Swiss Com
munist paper that the train was
filled with members of the notorious
Blue Division" which went from
Spain to fight the Russians This
report was false, but was seized upon
by French extremists who attacked
the train, carrying Spanish civilians
and International Red Cross person.
mel in charge of the envoy. The
escort of French gendarmes does not
appear to have made much resist
ance to the rioters, who manhandled
the Spaniards so badly that many
were injured and some killed. The
train was, of course, proceeding un-
der previous agreement with the
French authorities.
The strangest part of the affair Is
that the French government has not
yet expressed its formal regret in
answer to vigorous representations
from Madrid. This would seem to
reveal the influence of the Commu-
mist party. which has demanded a
breach of diplomatic relations with
the Franco government. Spain is
threatening reprisals unless 1t OBJ
tains satisfaction for what appears
to be a wholly unjustif1able outrage.
The course of the French govern
ment should be an interesting in
dication of the internal political
situation.
Evening star., 1945-06-19
Jet Propulsion

Jet propulsion is not Buck Rogers
fantasy. 1t is a reality, a wartime
chronological and scientific develop
ment likely to have far-reaching
effect on motive power in the future.
Not long before their finish, the
Nazis applied it to aircraft, and al
though the first models encountered
by our bombers where limited in
range and had other shortcomings,
such deficiencies have since been
largely eliminated. the best indica-
ton of that being that American
production in this field is going full
speed ahead.
Tremendous speed is one of the
outstanding characteristics of jet
propelled planes. If Germany had
had them in quantity when the great
'Anglo-American aerial offensive be-
gan, the war in Europe might still be
far from won. Faster than the fast
est fighters powered by orthodox
engines. they could have taken a
terrific toll of the relatively slow
moving bomber formations. 1t is our
good fortune that the Nazis came
out too late with the development;
had they succeeded with it earlier,
they might also have been able to
apply it to long-range bombing.
Indeed. Major Alexander P. de
Seversky, now acting as special air
consultant to Secretary Stimson, is
authority for the statement that the
Luftwaffe. at the time of Germany's
surrender, was within a few months
of perfecting four engined jet
bomber designed to fly the Atlantic
to strike American East Coast cities
with two or three tons of bombs and
then return nonstop to its home
base. A few years ago this would
have seemed impossible, but from
what we know of our own nonjet
B-29s and our new jet fighters (still
pretty much shrouded in secrecy it
is altogether believable now. Quite
clearly the development of this type
of aircraft. which probably will be
used extensively before Japan goes
down, constitutes one of the most
important advances induced by war
time research and experiment
Jet propulsion. of course. does not
affect military aviation alone. In
volving a combination of super
charging and combustion. and elm
mating the need for high-octane and
antiknock fuel. it will almost GER
tainly figure largely in the future
progress of commercial flight. More
than that. according to technical
experts, it has very great potential
ties in relation to transportation as
a whole and in other fields requiring
Evening star., 1945-06-19
EnqIish in Bremen

One OF the long-term cultural
advantages which may develop from
the defeat of the Nazi Reich may be
that of the acceleration of the
spread of the use of the English
language in Western Europe. A
copyrighted wireless dispatch to the
New York Herald Tribune tells how
the chairman of the local board of
education in Bremen applied to the
head of the American Military Gov
ernment there for permission to
establish compulsory classes for the
study of English. The idea, of
course, is not new. English was a
required subject in the high schools
Of Germany-as it was in those of
Japan-before the outbreak of the
Second World War.
But the scope of the Bremen
experiment is interesting. It is the
acknowledged purpose of the educa-
tionaI authorities of the city to teach
English to the entire community,
especially to Everybody in public
life, commerce, trade and
industry" The military governors
did not originate the plan and are
mot pushing it. All that they have
done is to give the permission re-
quested. What the classes will
accomplish remains to be seen.
Should they succeed, it is not un-
likely that similar procedure may
be adopted elsewhere to the same
end.
And during a century or so the
benefits almost certainly would be
worth the effort. One of the
causative factors of strife in Europe
through more than a thousand years
has been the divergence of speech
among the peoples thereof. Most of
them employ modes of expression
classified by scholars as being Teu-
tonic. Yet they have not understood
each other clearly. Americans who
resided or merely travelled as tourists
Ill 1CluAdlly dS ICCCllGly do 1900 WcIc
conscious of the barrier between
their best school-book English and
standard German. Thousands of
German words have no convenient
equivalents in English. On the other
hand ordinary colloquial English
terms generally are susceptible of
being taught to such Germans as
have been willing to attempt to
learn them.
No cultural presumption is in
volved in these observations. 1t is
not seriously proposed to attempt
to suppress the German tongue.
The people Of the Reich need not
fear that Goethe and Schiller are in
any greater danger of being sunk
without trace" now than they were
five or six decades ago when immi-
grants from Westphalia and Bavaria
newly settled in America began to
sssnd home" English dictionaries
Evening star., 1945-06-19

dangers which will result from desper-
ate, underfed populations and urging
increased shipments Of food and other
necessities from this country
The food situation In the United States
Is far from excellent and at the end OF
the year there will be little surplus
available for the use Of other people.
The main objection of some political
observers to the present partition of
Europe into three zones of occupation
lies In the fact that the principal food
producing areas were placed in the Rus
sian zone, while the British occupied
the industrial areas and the United
States occupied principally the scenic
portion Of the Reich, plus an equally
beautiful unproductiye section of Aus
tria.
In UNRRA and American Government
quarters it Is assumed that none of the
people which the Crimea agreement has
placed in the Russian sphere will suffer
from hunger this year.
Axt
But unless the Moscow government
decides to send some food to Western
Europe and Italy we shall be faced with
food riots, political unrest and all the
upheaval that is inevitable in areas
where the population is desperate be-
cause of the lack of food.
Observers with the American armies
in Europe report that one of the reasons
there was less unrest than expected in
the countries overrun and occupied by
Hitler's hordes is the fact that the Ger
man authorities left more than a mere
subsistence to the enslaved peoples after
having the cream of the crops for them
selves and the German people.
1t Is highly doubtful whether the peo-
pie in the American, British and French
zones of occupation and in the liberated
countries will be as we'll of as they were
under the Germans. The situation ap-
pears less alarming at this time because
during the summer months food is more
available and the lack of fuel and warm
clothing Is not added to the hardships.
But the American observers on the
spot are sending alarming reports about
the prospects after October, when the
political situation will become much
more complex and difficult to handle
because OF the short "tempers" of the
hungary populations.
according to some observers in Wash
lngton, President Truman is being urged
to take up this matter with Premier
Stain at their next meeting near Ber-
lin and ask him to lend helping hand
10 the peoples west of the Elbe,
Evening star., 1945-06-19

and grammars for the instruction Of
their relatives planning to move to
the New World. II the Bremen
enterprise is fruitful Of practical
achievement, there may be a chance
for the gradual evolution of a degree
of understanding and comprehen-
sion between Germans and the
English-speaking communities Of
the earth never before approx
mated. Meanwhile, the task of the
military administration in Bremen
should be made easier.
Evening star., 1945-06-19
Hydronqeu

Qrom the Greek. meaning vster-peil)
What mortal 20 prosaic, dun and Grass,
Aali0ned these blooms, bestowed Iris
heoOt name
That soeaghs their rosnbou bsaxty 10
the grass
And robs them Of nselodioUs acclaim?
! come to rescue from oblivion
The gardens bridal blossom, JpmSs
bouquet,
Tinted rom sky and sea and rosv d0,rn,
Still lopely In its fading pilgrim gray.
Let me rename them, right an ancient
tDronC,
Call them Midsummer Joy-or Clus.
tered Star:
Then ioould the poet honor them In
song
Acknowledging hon beautiful they
are.
But xotp--,ohat ponder y a singer quail
At praistng any ho,Der named mater.
pad?
uSEz BARCLAY KIRBY.
Evening star., 1945-06-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Broivn

The governor of the island Of Sardinia
has informed the government In Rome
that In view of the poor crop outlook
the inhabitants of that island will need
all possible assistance from the central
government and the Allies to prevent
wholesale starvation within the next
few months.
Similar reports are pouring into
Washington from almost every country
in Western Europe. A conservative
estimate places the need for wheat In
Italy alone at minimum OF 10O, 900 900
bushels to avoid food riots this fall and
winter. France, which Is somewhat
better off than the other western coun-
tries, also faces the threat of famine
unless the transportation system is
improved. There is. however, little hope
for improvement Of the system. Many
bridges on the main arteries have been
destroyed.
In some instances, as in Southern
France, there Is such labor shortage
that the American troops have been
ordered to do the work which should
have been done by the French. But
what is more important is the fact that
many Of the repaired railroads will have
to bear good deal of traffic carving
American troops and undisposed of
war material to embarkation ports to
be returned to the United States. This
will further reduce the possibility of
moving foodstuffs, which Is available in
the rural sections, to the overpopulated
and starving cities
Unless some unity of purpose Is
achieved in Europe whereby the avail
able crops and the surplus cattle which
exist in satisfactory quantities In
Europes "breadbasket"-the Balkans
and Western Russia-can be made avail
able to the starving Europeans outside
the Russian zone of influence we may
look to much disturbed situation In
the next few months.
The reports from Romania, Hungary,
portions of Yugoslavia and the Ukraine
indicate that this years crops are very
promising. Sufficient quantities should
be available in Europe itself to amelio-
rate conditions at least west of the Elbe
River.
For the time being there is no indica-
ton that anything is being done on the
part OF the interested governments to
obtain some of the resources from East
ern Europe. Quite the contrary. The
American agents are sending sos dis
patches to Washington pointing to the
Evening star., 1945-06-19

The most interesting military study
before us just at present is the reaction
of the japanese leaders and the Japa-
nese people as the desperate character
of their situation becomes more and
more apparent to them.
We know pretty we'll what their re-
sources are. We know pretty we'll the
methods which will be applied by the
Allied commanders in seeking to defeat
them. There is not much mystery about
the strategy of the Japanese war. There
is a good deal of mystery about how
long it will last-which depends, basi-
cally, on how long the Japanese will
continue to take what they are going to
get in ever-increasing measure.
Among Allied military and political
leaders there is little inclination to be
optimistic. Those who really know the
various factors of the Pacific war and
its problems are almost unanimous in
saying that we must not count on q Jap
anese surrender at an early date. Very
few are willing to say that such q sur
render is impossible, but all think it
would be unwise to speculate about it,
at least in terms of official utterance.
The amount of power we can throw
against the japanese is directly related
to the sense of urgency and unified de-
termination on the home fronts A let
down due to overoptimism could cost us
thousands of lives.
Undoubtedly, there are farseeing
Japanese who would much prefer even
unconditional surrender. right now, to
going on with the war and suffering the
consequences. They have seen from
the German example what it costs to 60
on fighting defensive war in the heart
of ones own country after the means
for effective defense have vanished.
They know that Gen. Arnold has
promised more than double the weight
Of bombs will fall on Japan during the
year commencing July than ever fell
on Germany in any year. They know
that Japan is far less capable Of max
ing an effective defense against such
attacks than was Germany, even at the
end And they know that after the
bombing and the blockade have done
their work, invasion will follow.
But can these Japanese-among
whom may be many of the political and
industrial leaders, and even some naval
officers who know the world far better
than their associates of the army-can
they do anything to bring about the
unconditional surrender which Is the
price Of peace' It 4 very doubtful that
Evening star., 1945-06-19
Princess Troubetzkoy

Amelie Rives would have been a
great woman If she never had writ
ten a word. But she would not have
been remembered by later genera
tions of her countrymen had she
lacked the literary gift. Beautiful
to look upon and charming to meet,
she was a true daughter of the Old
Dominion by birth and breeding.
When her talent with language was
added to her native inheritance and
environment, the result was alto
gether compelling. Her first novel,
"The Quick or the Dead?" appeared
in 1888 and was a sensation in the
full meaning of the term both for
Ats subject matter and the style in
which it was penned Three hun
dred thousand copies we're sold,
imitators sprang up by the dozens,
new fashion in fiction was
established
Later books did not create so much
excitement, but each had a public
waiting and ready for it when it
came from the press. Miss Rives
married John Armstrong Chanler in
1888 and Prince Pierre Troubetzkoy
in 1896. The second wedding
brought her forty -one years of hap
piness. Her home at Castle Hill,
near Gotham in Albemarle County,
attracted many distinguished visi-
tors. Residing there in quiet COM
fort, she kept in touch with intel
lectual and social developments
wherever they occurred throughout
the world. She was a distinctly
progressive person always. ITO me-"
she said, democracy is religion,
a great faith, which like all religions
has to be ever renewed; and the
democracy of the United States of
America is a living, growing thing.
hope to grow with it until I die"
The aspiration thus expressed was
achieved in Princess Troubetzkoy's
career. She survived to hear of the
end of one phase of this double
war" 1t therefore may be remarked
that she compassed in her own in
dividual experience nearly the whole
gamut of the historic ordeal of her
time. She was born in the shadow
of Appomattox Courthouse; she de-
parted against the blaze of the lib
Grafton Of Europe. Her name will
not be omitted from the roster of
those who existed constructively be-
tween those two extremes
Evening star., 1945-06-19
A Serious Outlook
By David Laurence
Prom Montreal L'Informat ton.


A factory is considered to be wealth II
it produces things, procures work and
returns benefits: coal mines and min
eral deposits constitute wealth If they
are exploited on a remunerative basis.
80 We should not, therefore, consider
the new factories which have been built
in the country in the last four or fvs
years as being wealth, since q large
number Of these establishments will
constitute 4 burden which will bear
heavily on the shoulders Of the tax
payers II they are not used In turning
out peacetime products. But it is not
question Of manufacturing only. It
Is necessary in addition to find outlets
for our products. These markets should
be numerous and advantageous, for We
have to consider . budget after the war
three times rs great as that Of 1898.
Family allowances alone will cost us
each year more than one-third Of our
prewar national expenses. To meet
such obligations our activity must be
maintained at higher level than dur
ing the years that preceded hostilitiss.
Evening star., 1945-06-19

motive power. Many of the different
types of engines which we consider
modern today may be outmoded by
1t in the not-too distant future. It
is one of the several revolutionary
things likely to be commonplace in
the world of tomorrow. The war has
carried us to a new threshold in the
realm of technology and science, and
in our lifetime we shall almost
surely see wonders that were hardly
dreamed of ten years ago.
Evening star., 1945-06-19
Golden Years
From the Pathfinder Magazine.

Prom the Pathfinder Magazine.
The past five years have been Golden
Years" for most State treasures.
Total State revenues rose from 49,
100000 900 in 1910 to $4,100, ,000, 900 in
1914 under the impact Of war spending.
Income and general sales taxes provided
the lions share Of the a per cent In
Evening star., 1945-06-19
Hopes for Presidents Aid

To the Editor OF The Star:
Now that it is in the air to give in
creases to every one, from the Presi-
dent down to the lowest-paid Govern
men clerk, how about those of us who
gave some 30-odd years of conscientious
and loyal service to our Government
and now are having our annuities taxed
and taxed until it is almost impossible
for us to live. Other annuities are not
taxed-why should ours be?
Remember. we still buy bonds, we
contribute to the Red Cross in time as
well as money, and also still contribute
to the Community Chest, but if we con-
tinue to be taxed and prices continue
to rise we may have to appeal to the
Community Chest for help for ourselves
instead of contributing to it.
OF course, we are out, and why should
any one worry about us? But, fortu-
nately, there are some members Of Con-
gress who are kind enough to interest
themselves in us. There are three bills
eh Congress to remove the tax from
annuity payments of Federal civil
have not gotten to first base.
Our President seems to have a keen
appreciation of the strain on every
ones finances these days. Perhaps he
can persuade the legislators to speed
the passage of one OF these bills into
law. N. r. B.
Nationalism Through Music
To the Editor OF The Star:
During the war and especially as We
plan for the postwar era. our attention
has been drawn to the customs Of other
peoples-the way other peoples feel and
think and live. And as we observe
other nations we find that we, in the
United States, have much to learn from
them, even as they have much to learn
from us.
One thing about many other nations
that impresses me is their love of music,
the way they sing and dance together.
I think we need more of that in
America for, because of the speed of
our day and our many self interests, we
have lost contact with our fellow coun-
trymen. More group singing would be a
great help in this case, for singing brings
relaxation and makes for comradeship.
Let's organize singing groups in every
community park, in churches, in schools,
in clubs in municipal auditoriums, any
and every where that people can be
gathered together.
Let's sing, America.
EDNA L. QUILLIN.
Wants All Germans Punished
To the Editor of The Star:
1t will not be possible to mete out
justice to the German nation as long
as a distinction is made between the
Nazis and the vast majority of Ger
mans.
do not support the view so often
expressed in this country to the effect
that all Germans, apart from the Nazi
clique and other powerful groups, are
good" Not even the minority of the
German people are ace-loving. The
German people are so war-loving that
even before Gestapo came into exis-
tence, they never offered any genuine
resistance to their bloodthirsty leaders
II we are to put an end once and
for all to German aggression and ag-
gressiveness, 1t will not be enough te
deal with the Nazis only. The entire
! German nation must account for its
savage actions. HARRY DANIEL s.