davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-25

everywhere, belonging to various ideol-
ogies and among that minority are
many who are opposed to coups
detat. Nowhere in Western Europe
have the resistance movements seized
absolute power-as Tito has done in
Yugoslavia
On the contrary, the resistance gov
ernments in the west have thus far
chosen to regard the nselves as provi-
sional and intend to submit themselves
and their policies-after some purges of
open collaborators-to the popular will.
Thus France will vote, in October, for
anew chamber of deputies and at the
same time on the issue of whether this
new chamber should or should not be a
constitutional assembly to frame a new
French constitution.
In Belgium a bill has been passed
calling for a referendum on whether
or not King Leopold III shall retain his
throne. The active resistance move
ment considers Leopold, if not a real
collaboration. at least dubious resister.
But, far from feeling themselves strong
enough to abolish the monarchy they
do not feel themselves strong enough to
change the personality of the King with
c.
* II
Everywhere in Europe-as one can
sense when one is there-are suspended
tensions. How will the anti-Fascist
feeling express itself in Italy? Neither
completely free of foreign intervention
nor completely governed by the Allies,
Italian anti-Fascism is suspended be-
tween an extremely radical and rela-
lively conservative wing combined in an
unstable coalition which cannot repre-
sent permanent compromise
Even in Spain, which was neutra.
and not occupied, Franco is maneuver-
ing to buy of change as cheaply as
possible. Even in Britain, the results
OF the elections will not only affect
Great Britain but influence the conti-
nent.
Tension, experiment, unstable coali-
tions and impending elections viii re-
suit in changed face of Europe. The
question is whether the forces will
canalize themselves through democratic
processes or violently explode. Either is
possible.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Unconditional Surrender
From the Montreal Star.

From the Montreal Star.
The United Nations are reaching with
respect to Japan the position attained
more than year ago with respect to
Germany. At that time, out of the ru-
NOR factories of Europe came tales of
peace feelers; Germany would capitu-
late, these said, If the Allies would offer
terms less drastic than unconditional
surrender, something that would permit
the Nazis to save little face. Now,
and for some time past, similar ru-
mors have spread about Japanese
peace feelers and the United States
acting Secretary of State has found it
necessary to clear the air.
Two things emerge from Mr. Crews
statement; nothing approaching genu-
Inc peace offer has been made by any
one who could establish his authority to
speak for the Japanese rulers; and,
have been transmitted, our terms, simple
and complete, are still unconditional
surrender.
THE policy Of this Government" Mr..
Grew declared, has been, is and will
continue to be unconditional surrender
as defined by the President. That is the
best comment can make upon peace
feelers and rumors of peace feelers Of
whatever origin"
This is clear and unequivocal and
should serve to set at rest fears expressed
in some quarters, as they were ex-
pressed about the Reich, that the Allies
might compromise their aims and ac-
cept something less than the complete
victory to which they are committed
both by the statements Of their leaders
and The win Of thsir peoples.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Going for the Cows

Going for the cows in the late
afternoon is one of the tasks that
twelve-year-old likes. 1t is Just
possible, however, that going for the
cows is not, per Sc, the entire story.
After a lad has been cultivating
potatoes or corn for several hours,
or by some evil fate has had to thin
the carrots or pick bushel or two
Of peas, it is welcome news when
father glances at his watch and
says: We'll, son, about time to get
the cows" In a magical way, a boy
who has been completely exhausted
a moment before feels his strength
return. Father has no apprehension
about his sons ability to perform
this particular task.
The young man whistles for Shep,
the farm collie, who has been doing
on the cool earth in the tool shed.
Together they set out down the
rutted lane from the barnyard to
the pasture. Shep insists on
careful exploration of the wood
chuck's hole under the wall, and a
lad likes to study the sharply etched
:huck's footprints in the moist brown
earth. In the clump of alders at the
end Of the lane catbird has its
nest and the gray-coated mimic
slips away and calls impatiently
from the high bush cranberry clump
at the edge of the field.
The pasture is studded with
daisies, buttercups, clumps of juni-
per, sleeps laurel and sprawling
mats of wild pasture roses. A lad
takes a peek at the field sparrow's
nest he discovered The little fellows
are about ready to leave. If lad is
lucky, he may see the dainty foot
prints of the red fox where he has
investigated the chances of field
mouse for a tidbit.
A lad knows how long it is safe
to dawdle. Then he rounds up the
cows and with Shep at their heels,
starts them homeward. The cows
need no driving. They would not
start homeward Of their own volition
of course. But when they see the
lad is ready, they 60 along. AS the
cows follow the deep ruts worn
smooth by half a century Of summer
travel, lad can dream Of important
Evening star., 1945-07-25
ImpIementing the Charter

The f1areup in the Senate'S Charter
debate yesterday reveals what pre-
sumably will be the strategy Of those
who have not yet brought them
selves to full acceptance of the
international responsibilities which
necessarily accompany this Nations
position as world power.
While belittling the Charter as "a
declaration of pious intentions"
Senator Wheeler, who has been in
the front rank of the isolationiStS,
said that he will vote for its ratif1ca-
ton. At the same time, he an
nounced that he intends to fight for
the principle that American troops
must not be used in any instance to
implement decisions of the Security
Council without specific authorize
ton from Congress, and that he will
insist that this question be submitted
to Congress in the form of treaty
and not as simple legislation requir-
ing only majority vote of the House
and the Senate.
Senator Wheeler'S position boils
down to this: He doubts that the
world organization contemplated by
the Charter will prove effective in
maintaining peace. Nor is he willing
that the United States do everything
within its power to make it effective,
for his demand that, in each in
stance, the question of using Amer
lean armed forces be referred to
Congress could only serve to impair
the functioning of monet too-strong
security organization. And, finally,
he hopes to achieve his purpose by
forcing the submission of the ques-
ton in treaty form, which requires
a two-thirds vote in the Senate.
There is not the slightest evidence
that Senator Wheeler is supported
by public opinion in this country
today. After the experience of two
costly wars, most of the American
people are convinced that we must
join with other nations, without
crippling reservations, in a common
effort to maintain peace.
Because of this sentiment, the
Charter will be ratified. But the
question of just how our armed
forces are to be used for the main
tenance of peace will not come be-
fore Congress in the immediate
future, perhaps not for a year or
two. BY that time international
frictionS may have arisen, and it
may be easier then to revive the
diScredited theories of the isolation
iSts-especially if the crucial deci-
sion as to this country's role is to be
left to one-third plus one of the
Senate.
Perhaps Senator Wheeler is not
deliberately seeking to take advan-
tage Of this situation. But the tenor
of his remarks in the Senate yester-
day points to contrary conclusion.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
American Lending Power
By Rayn ond Moley

lease-lend and ssoo,oooo0 from Breton
Woods.
France, according to Senator Taft. will
get 81 300 100000 and other nations ST.
300,o00,000 England would get $3,000,-
100000. But Senator Taft suggested
that this would be inadequate, except
to settle current balances, and that
$4,000, 100000 more would be requested
for England under the Export Import
Bank or lease-lend
Under the Breton Woods bank there
would be set up in the United States,
under international guaranty, total of
$9,100, 100000. Hence, under all forms,
there would be available, mostly for
Europe, $4,000, 900, 900. In addition, if
Senator Taft's prediction proves true,
England would get another So 1000, 900 900.
The total would be $22 900 900 900 in two
years, if Senator Taft is approximately
correct.
In broad terms, there are several ways
In which this immense foreign commit
ment can be viewed. Senator Taft be-
lieves that 1t will wreck the economy
of the United States. Apparently. a
majority of the Senate thinks otherwise.
Time alone can answer.
But, on the diplomatic side, there can
be no question about the advantage of
this potential lending. No President
ever had such cards to play in ordering
the affairs of the world To use 1t wisely
is to give the United States a voice
whose like was never before heard in the
world. And If our purpose is lasting
peace and If our diplomacy has clear
head In the determination of how to
get lasting peace, the way Is open.
The power is ours II we know how to
use It..
cReleased By the Associated Newspapers, mol
Evening star., 1945-07-25
The Victory Flag

The American flag that flew over
Berlin eventually is to hang in the
rotunda Of the Capitol. Such is the
promise of its owner, former Repre-
sentative Maury Maverick of Texas,
now chairman of the Smaller War
Plants Corporation. He anticipated
the coming of this double war"
long before the japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, and
arranged with David Lynn, architect
OF the Capitol, to fly flag belonging
to him over the halls of Congress
while that body declared war on
Japan, December 8, and on Germany.
December II.
Any other citizen might have made
similar request. Mr.. Maverick is
entitled to credit for his imaginative
genius. The result of his proceeding
Is that the Nation eventually will
have among it's most notably
precious historic souvenirs a Star
Spangled Banner which has been
displayed over such important in
ternational conferences as Algiers
and Casablanca as well as over the
capitals of the three Axis partners,
This flag of liberation" obviously
should be the property of the whole
American community. Thousands
OF men and women have died for it,
still other thousands have been
manned in its service, an uncounted
multitude have given tears and
sweat In its behalf Mr.. Maverick
knows all the tremendous meaning
which his fellow Americans have,
created around the symbol of their
patriotism. That is why he pledges
the flag to hang in the Capitol
But the time for it's elevation there
has not yet come. The road to Tokyo
still is long. Nobody knows. how
many additional lives, how many
months-possibly years-of fighting,
how much further effort, how much
greater price still must be paid out
before the final, conclusive and de-
terminative victory is achieved. The
date, OF course, may be hastened by
increased endeavor, accelerated
labor, more earnest and generous
sacrifice. In that sense, every Amer
ican hand can help to raise the
Victory Flag in Washington.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

1ckes to Give Europe Coal-headline,
Saturday in the New York Times.
Ickes Won't Send Coal to Europe
headline Saturday, in the New York
Herald Tribune.
The conflict in these two headlines in
dicates, think. a domestic, not foreign
problem. Mr.. Ickes knows that we have
got to send coal to Europe If we are not
to find ourselves in an ungovernable
situation. He wants to have miners re-
leased from the Army to up the pro-
duction of COAL so that coal shipments
abroad will cause the least suffering to
Americans at home. But the reasons he
gives for the necessity of shipments
need little Qualification. He says:
The race in Europe is between coal
and anarchy. Europe must have coal
If serious political and social
upheavalS are to be prevented"
That might be interpreted as meaning
We are trying to buy off social and
political changes in Europe with coal.
That Is, first of all. impossible, nor is it,
l am sure, Mr.. Ickes meaning. What
he means is we must see to 1t that
changes do not occur in an atmosphere
of riot, terror and revolt caused by
unendurable living conditions We want
to prevent anarchy" not change.
The next weeks and months, as the
winter approaches, will see inevitable
changes in the social and political
consultations of many European states.
The agony of the war did not end with
We day. This is not war in which
the aftermath is return to normalcy"
The war in all the occupied countries
was, in essence, civil war, even though
it was directed against foreign enemy
The resistance forces represented not
only national but theological attitudes.
1t is not palatable for us to admit it,
but the extent of collaboration, active
and passive, was enormous. The strug-
gle within the nations was thus not
settled by the surrender of the German
armies. The instinct of the resistance
movements, after victory, was radical
overthrow. Had the resistance anywhere
represented compact, single-minded
majority, that is exactly what would
have happened. But as active, fighting
resistance, they were small minority
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Doc Duys

While the dog days usually are
counted as beginning on July and
ending August II, the dates vary
with the rising habits of the dog
star Sirius and evidently are affected
by other things as well. This year,
for example, the dog days began in
the District Of Columbia on July 2,
when the dog-tax collector tried to
get an extra dollar from the dog tax
payer before the President of the
United States signed the dog-tax
bill. They are being currently
celebrated at the District Building
by a dog-leash proclamation subject
to such confused Interpretation that
several dog owners have been
observed wearing muzzles, under the
impression that this would be neces-
Sary to prevent them from biting
policemen who try to enforce the
regulation concerning arrest of dogs
accompanying masters without
leasheS, or leashes without masters,
or vice versa, or whatever it was
that the corporation counsel ruled
could not be done in a strictly legal
manner. But the climax of dog days
evidently will be reached when the
Health Department obtains the
consent of the Board of Education
for the use of Fairgrounds for dog
vaccinations en- masse. That ought
to provide a lot of interest for the
spectators that will wind up the
summers observance of dog days in
blaze mot to be confused with
Blaze) of glory.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Record Roundup

| What Is probably the greatest
single mass raid in history was made
over the last week end in our section
Of occupied Germany. The Amer
ican zone covers nearly $4,000 square
miles of territory. corresponding
in size to the combined areas Of
Virginia. Maryland, Delaware and
the District of Columbia, and the
German population involved totals
15,000.000. The roundup was con-
Quoted by 100000 American troops.
The object of this massive police
operation was to turn up hidden
weapons and ammunition, forbidden
articles such as radio transmitters,
stolen American Army property,
and the detection of wanted"
persons, notably SIS men and
Gestapo agents. Incidentally, it
served to catch any of our soldiers
gone AWOL or otherwise acting
contrary to military regulations.
The outstanding feature of the
roundup is its extraordinary eff
cheney. From start to finish, it
worked with Smoothness and
success of which the Army may we'll
be proud. To begin with, it came as
a complete surprise. Although the
orders, under the code name of
"Tallyho," were distributed three
weeks in advance. no evidence of
single leak" has been detected; and
this despite the recent relaxation
OF the ban on determination by our
troops with the civilian population.
This indicates both high state of
discipline and the absence of
German espionage among our
forces. Once the operation started,
1t went like clockwork. All roads
were patrolled, and everything
moving, from Army vehicles to
carts, bicycles and pedestrians, was
stopped and checked The Amer
lean zone was subdivided into a
large number of areas which were
isolated from reciprocal communica-
tion OF any kind. Each subdivision
was combed over, theoretically
every house being searched from
cellar to garret. Evasion was virtu-
ally impossible. and practically
none was attempted.
Some 10000 persons were caught
in the dragnet, though most of
these were found guilty of only
minor offenses, chiefly faulty regis
tration papers. Even where contra
band articles were discovered, these
were mostly due to ignorance,
negligence or stupidity. There was
no evidence of concerted conceal
ment of arms and ammunition indi-
eating the existence of a potential
guerrilla organization. Unlawfully
held American Army property con-
sisted chiefly of foodstuffs, tobacco
and other utility articles surrepti-
tiously purchased from soldiers or
stolen either for individual con-
sumption or for sale on the black
market. On the whole. reports
General Sibert, who conducted the
roundup. the investigation showed
less lawleSsness than you probably
would find in similar area in the
United States"
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Nothing to Fear
From the London Sunday Dispatch.

From the London Sunday Dispatch.
One Moscow commentator whose
words are distributed by the official or
gan of the Soviet Embassy in London is
especially bitter about the British and
American press publishing interviews
with captured Nazi leaders. The sug-
gestion underlying Russian criticism of
these interviews is that they gave Goer-
ing and others means of putting over
German propaganda. To whonS Is 1t
seriously suggested that any one in
Britain or America will accept Goering's
alibis? Are we any less certain of Ger
many's guilt because Won Rundstedt
was interviewed by British AID Ameri-
can reporters and naturally told the
story that was expected Of him, with
some sidelights of genuine interest? Is
this any novelty? Did not the Russians
freely broadcast Won Paulus, the man
who failed to take Stalingrad? Need we
be more coy with Rundstedt. Fhe man
who failed to capture Britain? The fact
that cannot be too often emphasized Is
that we are adult nations. We can lis
ten to the mot guilty" plea of the pris-
oner without granting him cheering
acquittal
Evening star., 1945-07-25

gument for granting it certainly
seems strong.
Up to now the United States has
had to pay $11, ,345,390 in Suez Canal
tolls on war shipping, and while it
has been bearing this cost, it has
used lease-lend funds totaling more
than $9,300,000 to cover charges
against British vessels passing
through the Panama Canal. Ger
tain technicalities have been cited
to justify this lack of reciprocity,
among them the fact that Britain,
though the biggest owner, owns
only forty -four percent of the Suez
company, and the fact that the re-
ciprocal aid agreement between us
requires that the United Kingdom
give aid only from its own resources
and the resources of the colonial
empire, but not aid requiring ex-
penditures In third countries, like
Egypt.
Whatever may be the merits of
these technicalities, however, the
average American is not likely to be
impressed by them. In terms of the
many billions of dollars involved in
lease-lend operations, the relatively
few millions in tolls charges amount
to a very minor bookkeeping item,
but it is the principle of the thing
that counts. Britain may be on
wholly correct ground, but the man
in the street in this country cannot
be blamed if the present one-way
arrangement strikes him as being
anything but a bargain.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
The Query

o mother. tell me, Dhat is death?
And phen is death, and Dhy?
Death, my child, is a crunrpled foDer
And the lightning In the sky.
Death is man Nth a rake and hoe
Who tolls that netDer blooms may
grot1.
Death is passing season.
You are. yourself, the sequence and
the reason.
o my beloved, tphat is death,
And Bhen is death, and Dhere,
Death. my heart. is a sudden hour
And the moon gone bleak and bare
Death is the ghost NTH the lonely
light
Who tDnits beside our gate each night
And tpinds his match all day,
And tDtu not 90, and tDiH not 90 nDny
PRUDENCE x. GEAREY.
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Doubts Employment Benefits

Doubts Employment Benefits
To the Editor of The Star:
Most industralists and students Of
economics will support the announced
objectives Of Congressman Randolph's
bill to create National Research
Foundation. regret, however, the sug-
gestion that such research will affect
employment in any large way.
We do not need research in the field
of production as means Of creating
more employment. Full employment and
a high level of national income in peace
time never have been a question Of our
physical ability to produce in sufficient
volume.
The bottle-neck has been and will re-
main after the war, that of effecting a
wide distribution of buying power, in
volume sufficient to provide a market
for all that we can produce. I am afraid
the proposed foundation Is not planned
to do the necessary research to discover
just why production does not provide
adequate buying power, as many think
it should, to distribute what we can
produce, even without more research
along production lines.
The goal of high employment is
seriously endangered by all the many
current attempts to tie it up with pro-
grams which have little to do with in
creasing employment.
REALISTIC ECONOMIST.
Evening star., 1945-07-25

Favorable congressional action at all
most the same moment on the long
term Breton Woods plan and on the
Export-Import Bank reorganization sug-
gest some fabulous figures. Since the
details of the Breton Woods plan
have been discussed so widely, it is
unnecessary to repeat them, either as
to the total capitalization of the bank
and the fund or the prospective Amer
ican contributions to them.
The Export Import Bank reorgan-
ization will give it capitalization of
81 900, 100000 and a lending capacity
of $3,50o,000,000
Under both these lending measures,
in addition to lease-lend, we can now
speculate with more or less certainty
on what the major nations will get
from us in the two or three years
which lie ahead.
Senator Taft outlined these prospec-
tive loans in the Senate last week, and
since he is a conservative and usually
accurate reporter, his estimates de-
serve consideration.
Senator Taft began mis- addition with
Mr.. Leo T. Crowley's statement in the
hearings on the Export Import Bank
that an additional s2,800,000, 900 were
wanted for use within the next IL
months. Most of this will be used
in Europe In addition, $4,400, 900 900
will go In lease-lend. That makes
$1,000, ,0000 900 in IL months. Then,
after Is months, the Breton Woods
money. which will lift the amount to
$4,000, 100000 in two years, will be
available.
Senator Taft estimated that $780,
100000 would 50 to Russia--t1, 900 900 900
from Export-lmport, i.0oo, 900 from
Evening star., 1945-07-25
Suez and Leuse-Lend

The American people will follow
with interest the renewed effort to
persuade the British to absorb, un-
der reverse lease-lend, the tolls on
United States war shipping passing
through the Suez Canal. AS re-
vealed now by the Foreign Eco
nomic Administration, Britain was
first requested to do this in 1912,
but refused. Today, with the re-
deployment of our forces from
Europe to the Pacific, the request
Is being pressed again, and the ar