davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-02
MRS. Roosevelt Feels Americans
Should Approve Yu|tu Secrecy

President Roosevelt did not tell
his wife about the secret vote agree
ment at Yalta, Mrs. Roosevelt told
a press conference today. But that
was all right with her and she
thinks it ought to be all right with
the rest of the country, too.
you have to trust people little
bit and not Immediately decide they
are trying to fool you," she said.
II don't think everything can be
told to everybody right away. But
it doesn't mean it is being kept
from you for a curious and strange
reason"
Mrs. Roosevelt, herself, has a lot
of faith in the three leaders," she
said. Although she hasn't the re-
motest idea why the agreement by
the United States and Russia to
ask for two extra votes in the gen.
eral assembly of the proposed world
security organization was kept Sc
cret, she feels "quite sure that some
day perfectly good explanation
will be given us"
She said she had no opinion on
Evening star., 1945-04-02
President Nominates
s. as Generals, Is
For Another Star
Vondenberg, George
And Cannon of AAF
Are Included in List

President Roosevelt today
nominated 80 high-ranking
Army officers for promotions in
grade. Favorable action on the
group by the Senate will result
in three new lieutenant gen.
erals, % major generals and SIS
brigadier generals.
Named to be lieutenant generals
were the following major generals
in the air forces: Hoyt S. Van
denberg. Harold Lee George and
John K. Cannon. Among those
named to be major generals was
Brig. Gen Lewis A. Pick, in direct
charge of building the famed Still
we'll Gedo) Road across Burma into
China.
Gen. Vandenberg, 46, who for
merly lived at the Westchester
Apartments here, is a native of Mil
waukee, Wis, and at present is
commander of the 9th Air Force
He acted as deputy commander in
chief of the air forces in the in
vasion of France last June.
A West Point graduate in 1928,
Gen. Vandenberg was deputy chief
of staff under 1t. Gen. James H.
Doolittle during the North African
invasion. Later he served as a
deputy chief of the air staff in the
War Department here.
Gen. George, 81, is a native Of
Somerville, Mass, and now is chief
of the Air Transport Command,
which maintains a worldwide air
service for the Army He served in
the World War in the cavalry and
Signal Corps and was mustered out
of service in 1919, but returned the
Evening star., 1945-04-02

the adviSibility of the extra votes,
which were part of plan put for
ward to give Russia and the United
States equal voting power with the
total votes of the British Common
wealth.
The Presidents wife, who often
refuses to comment on >hotly- con-
tested issues, had an answer ready
when reporters opened the confer
ence by asking her if she thought
the San Francisco Conference
should be postponed.
Postponing the conference would
ruin the peoples only chance to get
talked OUT many of the fears now
besieging them, Mrs Roosevelt said
Mrs. Roosevelt scoffed at the sug-
gestion that the conference should
be held at time when leaders of
other countries were not likely to be
recalled suddenly to handle the
aftermath of q German surrender.
Modern communication systems are
still working. she said, and the con-
ference could still accomplish q
great deal.
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Stuck Locomotive
Whistle Starts
Peace Rumors
y the Associated Press.

KANSAS CITY, April 2. The
engineer of MiSsouri-Kansas-T Texas
freight locomotive No. 887 pulled the
whistle for a crossing in Southern
Kansas last night. 1t stuck and the
train screamed its way for rs miles
across country, leaving a trail of
confused citizenry who hopefully
thought the war was ended.
When the believing engine pulled
into Kansas City and into the muf-
fling walls of roundhouse. numer-
GUS telephone calls already had pre-
ceded it.
Yardmaster John Rittenhouse
himself had just begun to inquire
about the reports when the loco
|metiys thundered past. still scream
Ing.
Trainmen said the whistle could
be heard for Is miles and estimate
1880 square miles were covered with
confusion.
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Byrnes Resigns;
|vinson Named
War MobiIizer
Kentuckion, Chosen
RFC Head Month Aqo,
Is Shifted Again
BY j. A. FOX.

The White House today an
nounced the resignation of James
F. Byrnes as director of war
mobilization and reconversion,
and the appointment of Fred
M. VinSon-named just a month
ago as Federal loan administra-
tor-to succeed him.
Jonathan Daniels. White House
press secretary, who informed news
men of the shift, said he did not
know who would take the place of
Mr.. Vinson whose nomination for
the new post went to the Senate at
noon.
Mr.. Byrnes will stay on the job
until his successor takes over. and
then will go to his South Carolina
home for a rest.
| He has no plans for the future,
according to his Office.
Presented March "a.
| Mr.. Byrnes, who has headed the
War Mobilization Once since its
creation two years ago, has con.
ltemplated resigning for some time,
but at the insistence of President
Roosevelt agreed to remain until
the defeat Of Germany.
His formal resignation was pre-
sented on March "a. it was dis
closed today when the White House
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Nazi Positions SheIIed
Along Italian Frontier
BY the Associated Press.


ROME, April 2.-Allied warships
raked German positions along the
French Italian frontier. including
the harbor of San Reno, as the
long lull on the italian land front
continued, Allied headquarters an
nounced today.
The United States destroyer Laub
was among the ships in action.
A small enemy vessel was sunk in
the harbor of San Reno by the
French cruiser Gloire and damage
was inflicted on port facilities and
shore installations - including a
radio station.
In Italy, light enemy artillery fire
fell all along the 5th Army front
and the Germans kept the skies
alight with flares on the right flank
throughout the night, apparently
fearful Of action there.
South OF Bologna there were q
number Of patrol skirmishes.
Evening star., 1945-04-02
MAP on Page A-4.)
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, April 2.-The American
Ist and 9th Armies have trapped
81 divisions of 10000 firSt-line
enemy troops in the Ruhr, while
the British I'd Army, driving
swiftly northeast, threatened to-
day to throw a moose about an
other whole army group in Hol-
land, reducing German strength
in the west by tWo-thirdS.
The 9th Army has driven 100
miles east of the Rhine. well past
the Ruhr and its vast steel and coal
works.
The Sd Army, rambling swiftly
and almost at will over Central
Germany, crashed into Kassel and
Fulda and drove within l55 miles
of Berlin and 1913 miles of the Rus
sian lines in the east in mighty
campaign to bisect Germany.
Reach Lengerich Outskirts.
The British End Army, wheeling
toward the North German ports,
plunged to the outskirts of Lenge-
rich, 20 miles northeast of the West
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Americans Hear
Soviet Messages
On Tank Radios
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

WITH THE Sd ARMORED DIVI-
SION BEYOND THE RHINE, April
2.-American tank crews spinning
their radio finders early today heard
a strange tongue-Russian tankers
talking to each other 200 miles to
the east. ,
Thus thread of contact occurred,
precursor of the joining that will cut
Germany in two.
American soldiers who can speak
little Russian bent eagerly over
their radios and sought to interpret
distorted words and phrases.
Until this morning only French
and German programs had been
picked up-with an occasional voice
from England-on the radios cap
tured en- route from German garri-
sons, radios which have greater
range than the service radios of the
tanks.
But during the night the strange
tongue was heard. The interpreters
say the phrases picked up are cas-
ual service messages and chatter
from tank to tank. Efforts are now
being made to get soldier -to-s soldier
contact between the forward ele-
ments of the two great armies
pressing from the west and the east
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Big Five Conference
On Trusteeships for
Axis Lands Indicated
Washington Would Be
Scene of Discussion
Preceding San Francisco

A Big Five meeting to work
out detailed proposals for post
war establishment of interna-
tional truSteeships to govern
former enemy territories may be
held in Washington preliminary
to the San Francisco United
Nations Conference, it was
learned today.
Such a meeting might give atten-,
ton to other problems threatening
Anglo -American-Russian relation
ships-problems which have raised
the possibility of postponing the San
Francisco conference.-the State
Department spokesman said only
the trusteeship problem is being
considered for the agenda.
No definite arrangement have been
made for the trusteeShip meeting. it
was emphasized, and the matter
may be handled through regular
diplomatic consultations.
British Hint Farley Delay.
Meanwhile, the British press hint
ed at possible postponement of the
security conference, the Associated
Press reported from London.
The London Daily Sketch suggest
ed the postponement editorially to-
day while the Yorkshire Post-with
which Foreign Secretary Anthony
Eden's family is connected-said
such a delay would be scarcely sur
prising.'
The Post. citing a possibility of
the European wars ending before
the talks start, declared the absence
from Britain of Mr.. Eden and other
top-ranking British political leaders
scheduled to attend the conference
would impose considerable difficult
ties at such a juncture in the ma
tion's history"
Seek Polish Solution.
Officials here hoped that the
greatest threat to Big Three unity
the question of Polish representa-
ton at San Francisco-could be
resolved by establishment of the
projected new Polish Provisional
Government of National Unity in
time for it to be invited.
In fatty turning down Saturday
a Russian demand for an invita-
ton to the present Communist
dominated Warsaw government, the
United States and Great Britain in
effect put new pressure on Moscow
to remove obstacles to carrying out
the Crimea agreement for Poland's
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Coal Contract Talks
Continue as Lewis
Agrees 10 Extension
Threat Of April Strike
Ends; U. S. Seizure Of
Mines BoreIy Averted

United Mine Workers and soft
coal operators continued negotia-
tions today for a new work agree
ment after John L. Lewis notified
the War Labor Board yesterday
he would extend the old contract
for 80 days without a written
guarantee Of retroactive pay
from the producers.
Free negotiations between the
operators and miners probably viii
be carried on for several days, but
there seemed small chance Of the
parties resolving differences with
out Government help. An operator
said his side would listen to Mr..
Lewis for a couple Of days" before
asking WLB to take over.
The UNIV chieftain erased the
threat of an April coal strike by
agreeing yesterday-hours after the
present working agreement had ex-
pired-to extend it one month.
Seizure Narrowly Averted.
1t appeared Federal seizure of
mines was narrowly averted yester-
day by Mr. Lewis eleventh-hour
acceptance of extension ordered by
WLB. The board called an ex-
traordinary session yesterday morn
ing after the mine contract expired
the previous midnight presumably
to consider recommending seizure
Shortly after the meeting ended Mr..
Lewis notification was received.
The WLB ordered indefinite con-
tinuance of the old agreement with
the stipulation that any wage ad-
justments will date from April l.
The operators, who had asked for
30-day limit on their retroactive
pay obligation. agreed uncondition
ally to the boards order.
But Mr.. Lewis, irked over the
loss of retroactive wage increases
in the seven months controversy
of 1943, imposed an extension only
until May /, only reservation on his
acceptance.
This set the stage for another
possible crisis in month. but both
miners and operators were hopeful
they could work out a new contract
before then.
Lewis Is Pessimistic.
The UNIV president told the
board that month of negotiating
had failed to bring the parties to-
gether on any of his 18 demands
and that future meetings with the
producers appeared fruitless.
However, Mr.. Lewis agreed to
further conferences "out of courtesy
If nothing else when Edward R
Burke, representing the Southern
Coal Producers Association, sug-
gested some of the issues could be
ironed out, thus narrowing the prob
lens for the board to dispose of.
If today's conference should de-
termine that further collective bar
gaining were hopeless, the WLB
would be asked to take over the
whole show in an effort to resolve
the case by May l.
WLB Chairman George w. Taylor
said the board would not make an
issue now of Mr.. Lewis limited ac-
ceptance of its directive The main
Evening star., 1945-04-02
LARGE Force Of B-29s
Raids Tokyo Plane Plant
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
GUAM, April 2.-Tokyo was raid
ed early today by a large force of
Super Fortresses-probably 15O-
which concentrated explosives and
incendiaries on the big Nakajima
aircraft engine factory on the
northwestern outskirt.
The B-29s, flying from Saipan
bases. came in at low level in pre-
dawn darkness, setting numerous
fires. Tokyo said the bombers were
over the Tokyo Yokohama metro
politan area for an hour, starting
at 2:30 am.
It was the first low-level attack to
hit the important Nakajima plant,
a major producer of Japan's air.
craft engines, although it has been
a target in high-altitude raids.
At Washington Goth Air Force
headquarters reported two B-2gs
were lost to enemy action.
Domei, japanese news agency,
broadcast a claim that Is B-29s were
shot down and the remainder of an
estimated force of "about go" Super
Forts in the raid were damaged.
One Japanese broacast said the
B-29s dropped time bombs" which
exploded 20 minutes to hours later.
This is the first report that Super
Forts were using delayed-action
bombs against Japan.
Evening star., 1945-04-02

Some soldiers will come
home to stay after Germany
is whipped.
Some will come home for a
couple of weeks or a month.
Some will go right to the
Pacific-with no visit home.
Who? How many? When?
The Associated Press as
signed two of its top reporters,
Elton c. Fay and John M.
Hightower, to track down the
best possible answers te these
questions.
What they found out-direct
from high command sources
is told in a series of five ar
ticles beginning tomorrow in
The Star. ~
These stories tell you also
what's going to happen to
equipment piled in Europe,
when to expect a new car,
how long your war JOB will
last.
Evening star., 1945-04-02

phalian capital of Meunster and l22
miles from Hamburg. Lengerich is
IA miles from Bremen and 2l7 miles
from Berlin.
Field Marshal Montgomery lifted
the long silence about the 21st Army
Group advances in the Ruhr and on
the Westphalian plains late today.
Among towns captured were
Rheine and EnSchede. Britons were
in the outskirts of Gronau. The Zut-
phen- -Enschede Canal has been
reached.
The entire German Army Group
B, commanded by Field Marshal
Walther Won Model, was trapped, in
the Ruhr. In Army Group B are
the 5th German Panzer Army, last
tank army the enemy has in the
west, the 18th Army and portions of
the battered 1st Parachute Army.
Trapped Nazis Seek Weak Spot.
In the ,0OO-square-mile Ruhr bag
are tank, 10 infantry, parachute
and other divisions of Volkssturm
and Volksgrenadier troops. Won
Model was believed to have escaped
before the I'd and Sd Divisions
slammed shut the tight steel trap
yesterday.
The trapped Germans thrashed
about looking for weak spot they
could not find.
Farther south, the American 7th
Army threatened the great Nazi
shrine city of Nuremberg from posi-
Stuttgart. The Sd Army in the CEN
ter threw tanks within 95 miles of
Leipzig and 90 miles of Czecho-
slovakia.
Enschede, captured by the British,
is SO miles from Bremen and LOG
from the port of Wilhelmshaven
Rheine is on the Ems River II miles
inside Germany from Holland, 80
miles from Bremen and 135 miles
from Hamburg. Its vast railyards
have frequently been bombed.
Gronau Is close to Enschede and
between that Dutch city of 90,289
and Rheine. Enschede was Field
Marsh al Johannes Blaskowitzs
headquarters, which were bombed
into ruins last week.
Clearing Up Area.
The American 9th Army was dis
closed to be clearing up the difficult
Quilt up Ruhr area north of the
Emscher Canal connecting Duisburg
with the Dortmund- Ems Canal
perhaps the most important arti-
fetal waterway in Germany except
for the Kiel Canal.
The latest estimate of the trapped
Germans in the Kdhr came from
headquarters of 1t. Gen. william H.
Simpsons 9th Army. Don White
head, Associated Press correspond
ent with the 1st Army on the south
and east side of the trap, said there
may be upward of 100000 Nazis
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Clerks Call Strike
In Z Stores Here
Over New Contract
Compromise Rejected by
SuIesmen in Downtown
Clothing Shops

A strike was called today in IL
downtown mems clothing stores
after the sales personnel voted
to reject a compromise on a new
contract.
The employees had requested in
creases both in their drawing ac-
counts and the percentage of their
commissions, and other contract
improvements.
The striking employees are men,
bers of the Retail Clerks Union
Local 262 (AFL). The stores are in
the Merchants &, Manufacturers
Association mems clothing specially
store group. Fifty to so sales per-
sons are involved
Several Remain Open.
The stores are Lewis g. Thomas
Saltz, Saltz Bros, the Mode. Gros-
ner's, Bonds. Herzogs, Bell Clothes
Fashion Shop, D. J. kaufman, Inc.
Wonder Clothes, Young Mems Shop
and the National Shirt Shops.
Several of the stores were open
with Office help and others making
sales. The manager of Saltz Bros
said all his clerks were at work.
The sales clerks met Saturday
night at Carpenters Hall and voted
by large majority to reject the
compromise with their demands ar
rived at Wednesday in negotiations
between John Tracy, business agent
of the union, and Joseph j. Nc
Garraghy, attorney for the employ
ers.
The negotiations were on the re-
newal of a contract which expired
Saturday night. The Raleigh Haber-
dashers and the mems clothing de-
partment of the Hecht Co.. whose
contracts with the union expire at
a later date, were not involved
Other department store mems cloth
ing departments are not under con-
tract with the union.
Clerks Demands.
Through their union the sales
clerks had requested contract i'm
provements to include $10-a-week
increase in their drawing accounts
per cent increase in their COM
missions, which vary on different
types of merchandise; commissions
to be paid in each weekly pay en-
velope instead of once a month, and
two weeks vacation with pay based
on their average weekly earnings
instead of their drawing accounts.
The strike was called at the
height of the spring season. A
group of the clerks stopped at the
Carpenters Hall this morning to see
if the strike had been settled yes
terday. Mr.. Tracy told them to play
golf or work in the garden and come
back tomorrow.
Mr.. McGarraghy, counsel for the
employers, said at noon that no
meeting with the union represen-
tativcs was scheduled for today.
Evening star., 1945-04-02

plans for the reconversion period,
and also announced the lifting Of
the racing ban and the termination
of the midnight entertainment cur
few, along with some other restric-
tions imposed by his office, when
Germany is whipped.
President Roosevelt accepted the
resignation with a sense of heart
felt regret"
In Senate IL Years.
In the last Democratic nationa!
convention, Mr. Byrnes was a strong
candidate for the vice presidential
nomination which went finally to
Senator Truman of Missouri, but he
was opposed by the CIO Political
Action Committee. and finally issued
formal statement taking himself
Continued on Page Ais. Column n
Evening star., 1945-04-02
Reds 20 Miles
From Vienna;
Near Bratis|ava
Other Forces Fight
Three Miles East of
Wiener Neustudt
BY the Associated Press.

MOSCOW, April Russian
forces battled for Neudorf1, 8
miles east of the Messerschmitt
assembly center of Wiener Neu-
Stadt in Austria today.
Other Soviet columns smashed
within 20 miles of Vienna and drove
hard against Germans in the Bra
tislava Gap. rs.-
london dispatches said the
Bratislava radio went silent and
unconfrmed reports said the
Russians had made a l3-mile
dash to the outskirts of that
capital of the puppet State of
Slovakia less than 80 miles east
of Vienna)
Spearheads of Marshal Feodor I
Tolbukhin's Sd Ukrainian Army
pounded gap Notifications from the
south between captured Sopron on
the Neuseidler See and Wiener Neu-
stadt, and pushed into the Lietha
Mountains farther north. The Rus
slams were only miles from the
vital railway linking Vienna with
Northern Italy.
32,150 Nazis Captured.
East of Bratislava, troops of Mar
shall Rodion Y. Malinovsky's I'd
Ukranian Army were moving down
the Karpaty Mountains. west of
Trnava and within IL miles of the
capital of the puppet state of
Slovakia.
Another Russian column fought
for the railway junction of Lam
schultz, only By miles due east of
Bratislava and miles west Of
Szenc.
More than 32.15o Nazi prisoners
surrendered in the last "a hours as
Marshal Tolbukhin advanced Is
miles yesterday in one of the swift
est operation of the war on the
eastern front.
Tanks of Marshal Malinovsky'S
divisions driving westward on the
south side of the Danube, shoulder
to shoulder with Telbukhin, wedged
far behind the Germans. disor-
ganizing resistance and ranging very
close to Bratislava, itself.
Wiener Neustadt Under Fire.
Vienna's outer fortress of Wiener
Neustadt came under the fire of
Marshal Tolbukhin's artillery today.
Premier Stain announced in one
of three orders Of the day yester-
day that the long-encircled Oder
River citadel of Glogau, SO miles
northwest of Breslau, had fallen
with toll of 5000 German prisoners
after a seven-week siege.
The Sd Ukranian Army column
pushing up the west shore of the
Neuseidler See threatened to cut
off the enemy defenders of the Brat
islava Gap from the rear. Rust. 19
miles east of Wiener Neustadt, was
captured in this drive Five miles
west of Rust, Trauersdorf was cap
tured in the closest approach to
Vienna.
Other Tolbukhin fighting north
of the Yugoslav border in Southern
Hungary advanced on q 26-mile
front between Lake Balaton and the
Drava River, capturing at least so
towns and villages.
Marshal Malinovsky's troops on
the north bank of the Danube
advanced along a 70-mile front to-
ward Bratislava, seizing more than
100 towns and villages in a drive
that formerd the top of the arc of
Soviet armor converging en- Vienna.
The German radio, meanwhile,
said 100000 Russian troops had
opened an all-out assault, against
Stettin, Baltic anchor of Berlin s
defenses along the Oder River. Ber-
lin said Sd White Russian Army
divisions had taken positions op-
posite Berlin after marching from
East Prussia.
Evening star., 1945-04-02

made public an exchange of cor
respondence between Mr.. Byrnes
and President Roosevelt
Mr. Byrnes said then that he de-
sired to leave April 2, after making
his quarterly report to the President
and Congress as Il think We day
is not far distant" In this report,
filed Saturday, Mr.. Byrnes sketched
Evening star., 1945-04-02
American Tanks
Only 155 Miles
From Berlin
BULLETIN.

WITH THE U. S. 1st ARMY
tP.-The Germans launched
their first co-ordinated attack
today to break an escape cor
ridor through the Allied ring
encircling the Ruhr. Hard
fighting still was in progress
early tonight.
Nazi infantry supported by
tanks hit the 1st Army'S 9th
Division near Winterburg
about halfway between Pa
derborn and Siegen, but at
last reports the Doughboys
were holding firm and beat
ing back the attack.