davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-14
Mrs. Hervey's Pictures

Dying at eighty-seven, Mrs An
toinette Bryant Hervey, dean of
American woman photographers,
leaves an example which should be
an inspiration to camera artists for
Il long time to come. She was a
person of many gifts, but the par
ticular quality for which she will be
remembered was her capacity to
bring all her talents into focus on a
single objective. Even so, however,
she might not have left her mark
upon her time had it not been for
the high and reverent purpose to
which she devoted herself.
Mrs. Hervey deliberately chose to
pledge her Photographic endeavors
to the characterization of noble
architecture She strove to render
the grand Gothic monuments of the
Middle Ages the common possession
of modern people as they were that
OF their ancestors in the past. To
that end she visited and studied. all
the richest of the surviving churches
of France. Her impressions of Char
tres especially have been circulated
around the world.
But Mrs. Hervey did not limit her
interest to the cathedrals of other
countries and other periods of
history. Her home in New York was
within sight of the growing fame
of Saint John the Divine, and she
watched and recorded it's change of
style from the original Byzantine.
The number of negatives she exposed
on Morningside Heights must have
run into thousands. She was better
acquainted with the building than
the contractors.
No other woman excelled her, in
deed none equaled her in the field
which she so notably made her own.
Mrs. Hervey was no longer young
when she began her career with the
camera. but her work renewed her
Evening star., 1945-02-14
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON


At first glance, the future status of
Germany seems provided for, in detail
More careful study reveals that the
most critical German questions are left
entirely open.
What has been settled are only prob
lens relating to military occupation.
Germany is to be permanently dis
armed, de-Nazified, and subject to
reparations. But the future of the
German state as such is not clarified.
Will Germany be dismembered into
several states, as advocated by Sumner
. Welles? Or will it remain unified?
There is evidence for either outcome.
II it were the intention not to dismem-
ber the Reich, it would have been well
to say SO for reasons of psychological
warfare. But the reassurances given
the Germans carefully avoid any men,
ton of the German state.
Originally the plan was to have
Germany divided into three or foul
zones, each to be occupied by a separate
army responsible only to its own gov
ernment. That would likely have
brought about. de facto, German
partition. The Crimea plan puts all
occupying armies under a central con-
troll commission of all occupying powers
thus centralizing the administration for
the whole Reich.
1t would therefore seem that the
crucial question of the German political
future has not been settled but awaits
the experience of the Allies in the mo-
ment of surrender and during the oc-
cupation
The extent of the compensation to
Poland is also left open, or, more
Importantly, reopened. The Lublin gov
ernment, with the support of Moscow
hitherto has taken it for granted that
Poland would get everything east of the
Oder. The Crimea statement promises
substantial accessions of territory in
the north and west but leaves the
final frontier question to the peace con-
ference.
Furthermore, the insistence that DEM
ocratic members OF the London Polish
government. obviously Mikola jczyk and
some around him. should be added to
Lublin, bears on this, for MikolaicZyk is
known to be queasy about taking toe
much German territory. And if France
is not to have the Rhine-R -Ruhr territory
we may find objections from thoughtful
Frenchmen.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1945-02-14

From an historical standpoint, the
outstanding fact about the Crimea con-
ference is that for the first time In
history the fate of Europe" in the
traditional meaning, has been decided
without the presence of single Euro
pean" country The Big Three have
established themselves, for the first
time, politically, as Europes arbiters.
While asserting for European coun-
tries the right and duty Of self-govern-
ment, they also announce the intention
Of the Big Three to supervise and control
governmental processes, at least in
emergency cases.
Also of historical moment is the
great role played by the President of
the United States. His hand is to be
seen in almost every paragraph This
Is visible, not only in the emphasis
implicit everywhere on collective Sc
curity, as opposed to spheres of inf1u-
ence, but in details regarding Poland,
Yugoslavia and even France.
The United States, British and Rus
sian Ambassadors are to participate in
the formation of the government of
Poland, according to agreed principles
In Yugoslavia guarantees for democrati-
zation have been laid down. And the
security of France is not to be left to
unilateral French action or French al
hances. but intrusted to collective policy
De Gaulle and his followers will not
like the procedure which has been fol-
lowed or the conclusions which have
been reached. A week ago Tuesday,
De Gaulle, in a radio speech, made
what amounted to an ultimatum to the
Big Three.
He has received an ultimatum in re-
turn. The phraseology is significant
France Is invited to participate as a
fourth member in the occupation of
Germany. IF she should so desire -
1t. is well known that she not only
so desires, but that De Gaulle has
claimed the right to occupy eventually
all Western Germany and has de-
manded the permanent detachment
OF the Rhine and Ruhr. IF she should
so desire" can, therefore, only mean
If she accepts participation in the
framework created by the Big Three -
If not she risks exclusion altogether.
De Gaulle's idea of starting with
what he can get and demanding more
and more is forestalled This explains
the silence of the Quai D'Orsay on
TUESDAY,
Evening star., 1945-02-14
San Francisco Conference

The most intriguing paragraphs
of the joint communique on the
Big Three meeting in the Crimea
are those concerning the projected
United Nations conference. The
urgent necessity of such confer
ence at the earliest possible mo-
ment vas stressed in the communi-
que, the aim being the establish
ment with our Allies of a general
international organization to main
tain peace and security" The COM
munique goes on to state that "the
foundations were laid at Dunbar
ton Oaks. On the important ques-
ton of voting procedure, however,
agreement was not there reached.
The present conference has been
able to resolve this difficulty" Just
how that basic issue has been set
tied or compromised, the public ais
not informed. Nevertheless, on the
basis of that confident assertion, the
United Nations Conference is duly
summoned to meet at San Fran
cisco, California, on April Is, "to
prepare the charter of such an or
ganization, along the lines proposed
in the informal conversations at
Dumbarton Oaks"
That looks like business, since the
Big Three would hardly have made
so specific a proposal unless they
were fairly sure of their ground. And
for Americans especially, there is
added to the general interest on the
implementation of plans for world
peace and security the specific in
terest in how the forthcoming con-
ference may affect the war situa-
ton in the Far East.
In the first place, the choice of San
Francisco for the conference is itself
portentous. Unless the Far East is
intimately involved with the pro-
ceedings, why select the metropolis
OF our Pacific Coast? Secondly, the
opening date selected is the very day
after the dead line when Soviet Rus
sia and Japan must elect either to
denounce the neutrality pact ratified
by them on April "a. 1941, or have
it extended automatically for an
other five years. The third signifi-
cant factor is that, at San Francisco
the representatives of Soviet Russia
obviously intend to sit down with
those of the Kuomintang govern
ment of Chang Kai-shek, whereas
at Dumbarton Oaks the Russians
made 1t point to confer separately
with the western powers, the logical
inference being that Moscow then
wished sedulously to avoid anything
Evening star., 1945-02-14
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,C,

Moscow are authorized as a commission
to pass on the qualifications of the fu-
ture members of the Polish provisional
government. Poland Is in the Russian
sphere and according to what we have
seen happening so far in the countries
dominated by the U. S. S. r., the Amer
lean and British representatives can only
agree with the decisions of their Russian
colleagues.
\ \
AS for the free elections mentioned in
the communique, past experience shows
what happens in areas where the Red
Army is in occupation or functions as a
protecting force to keep order
Premier Stalin's protege in Yugoslavia,
Marshal Tito, also has gained complete
victory at Yalta. On paper it appears
that the leader Of the Partisans and the
representative of the government in exile
have been brought together. But in fact
the Croat Premier, DR.. Ivan Subasic, has
been Tito's choice for premiership. When
in January King Peter dismissed his
Premier he was compelled to take him
back because OF the pressure exercised
on him by Tito through Prime Minister
Churchill
Thus it can be said that the Yugo-
slav Premier is really the appointee of
Marshal Tito. The recommendation of
the Big Three that the anti-Fascist ma
tional assembly of Tito should be ex-
panded to include members of the old
Yugoslav Parliament who have not
compromised themselves by collaborat-
ing with the enemy lends itself to a
very wide interpretation Marshal Tito
is counting among the enemy the fol-
lowers of Gen. Draja Mihailovich. the
erstwhile hero of the Allies who led a
stubborn guerrilla warfare against the
Germans.
This man has been discarded to make
room for Tito. There is an overwhelm-
ing number of members of the old Yugo-
slav Parliament who are on record as
his sympathizers. Tito IS relentlessly
purging all the Mihailovich men. Hence,
the expanded" Parliament is not likely
to include any one except the true fol-
lowers of the marshal, who himself is
a creature of Moscow
Evening star., 1945-02-14
Teen-Age View of Big Problem


To the Editor Of The Star:
Very often, upon reading the daily
paper, find some article concerning the
place of women in the postwar world.
Well, I'd like to have something to say
about this question, too.
Every one seems to think that women
will feel as if they have acquired a new
freedom and therefore will not want to
return to the dull routine of house.
keeping and raising children, but keep
their present war jobs. This, as a lot
of people think. will result in fewer
jobs for men. Having nothing to do,
the men will take over the household
duties of their wives. Since women will
be the source of income of these fam
lilies they will become the bosses"
Frankly, I disagree with the people
who think that this will happen Do
women want to be the bosses? Do
they want to come home to husbands
standing over stoves cooking in aprons?
Do they want to be deprived of the
pleasure of raising their children? OF
course not. This eventually would cause
women to lose their femininity. A woman
likes to be considered feminine; she
likes to wear dainty clothes and silly
hats: she likes to do ladylike things,
and. above all, she likes for men to con-
slider themselves superior to herself
That is why I feel sure that women
readily will give up their present war
I'll.
bring with them lasting peace.
DOROTHY E. HART (aged I'D,
Cardozo High School.
Evening star., 1945-02-14
On History's Path

Although 1t is not even mentioned
in such standard reference works as
the Britannica and the Americana,
the pleasant little city of Yalta was
an obvious place for the Big Three
to meet. It's convenience for Mar
shall Stain admittedly was greater
than that of Teheran, where he
received President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Churchill in 1943
Also to be considered was the fact
that the facilities of the Crimean
resort were superior to those of the
capital of Persia in the sense of
being more modern.
The Soviet government has been
developing Yalta ever since 1920. In
that regard it has been guided by
the example of the old imperial
regime. The Romanoff Cars and
their immediate associates among
the higher nobility came to the south
shore of the Crimea very much as
well-to-do New Workers more re-
Gently have gone to Florida. Despite
being on a line with Ottawa and
Minneapolis, the Russian equivalent
of Palm Beach or Miami is blessed
with climate relatively warm.
Oranges grow in the neighborhood.
Nicholas II built the Livadia
Palace in which the Big Three con-
vened. 1t is supposed to have. in
cluded hundred rooms and to have
cost a fortune merely to furnish.
But the Big Three and their ad-
viSers had more than twentieth CEN
tury history as background of their
proceedings. The shades of ancient
Celtic Cimmerians, of Dorian Greeks
who settled at Chersonesus, of Mith-
ridates and Pompey, of the Goths,
the Huns, the Khazars, the Byzan-
tine Greeks, the Kipchaks and the
Mongols, later the Genoese and the
Venetians, the Ottoman Turks and
the Tartars and many other proud
warriors and princes inhabit the
Crimean. Over the site of Yalta
rode Tamerlane and Hadji Ghirai
1t would be difficult to find anywhere
on earth a spot closer to the main
stream of human experience these
past two or three score centuries.
Evening star., 1945-02-14
Frosty Dawn

The reaching fingers OF the smoke
Hang ,Dredths against the da,pn's first
ray
From house to barn, from barn to pump,
The farmer goes a siluered Way.
The coiDS Uith siluer backs return,
Each to her stall tDithin the barn,
Across the fields the horses run
And toss their names OF silper yarn.
A million siluer needles CLEAN
Where once a stack OF gold stratp
stood
The farmer s,Dings his ,Dhetted ar
And splits q pile OF siluer ,pood.
From out the tDindoaos OF his house
He sees stream OF silper pour,
Then turns NTH quickened steps to ,pclk
A silrer pathway to his door.
INEz CLARK THORSCN.
Evening star., 1945-02-14
A Warning to Japan
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

1t is no exaggeration to say that the
Crimea conference was the most mo-
mentous and the most promising DO
itical event of our times.
1t addressed itself to two great tasks
victory and peace
The conferees obviously met and de-
liberated in a spirit of constructive
compromise. One has only to read the
communique carefully to perceive that
each of the Big Three had to give up
something here and there Nobody got
everything he wanted. Thus Russia
got the Curzon Line ("with adjust
ments') as the eastern boundary of
Poland, but gave up the attempt to
make the Lublin Committee the pro-
visional, government of Poland.
There will be a more broadly based
provisional government. and there will
be American and British Embassies in
Warsaw. 1t would not be surprising to
find that the adjustments" will in
clude Lwow within the Polish borders.
This is only single example of the
spirit of reasonable compromise which
is implicit in almost every tersely
worded paragraph of the communique.
We are seeing the accomplishment, in
fact, of that unity of purpose and Of
action which is so essential to the
winning of victory and to the establish
ment of lasting peace.
Particularly We note the acceptance
OF the British plan for q quarterly
meeting of Foreign Ministers, which in
effect establishes political combined
chiefs of staff-the long g-needed agency
for day-to-day united action regarding
the innumerable and unforeseeabIe po-
litical problems constantly arising.
Thus is foreshadowed the end of those
unilateral solutions of such problems
which have threatened to impair the
mutual confidence between the great
partners on which present and future
unity must be founded.
Furthermore, we may note with great
satisfaction the military portion of the
communique, which becomes the more
interesting as it is analyzed clause by
clause:
"We have considered and determined
the military plans of the three Allied
powers for the final defeat of the COM
mon enemy. The military stats of the
three Allied nations have met in daily
meetings throughout the conference.
These meetings have been most salts
factory from every point Of view and
have resulted in closer coordination OF
the military effort Of the three Allies
than ever before"
This is not lukewarm phraseology. It
reflects o. real satisfaction with the
progress made and the plans determined.
Evening star., 1945-02-14
Dismal Outlook at Home
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
On February /, when the winter was
half over. my son wrote me from a
freezing foxhole on the Belgian front
that at last he had received some boots,
heavy socks and better gloves; that
they" must be trying to get the boys
warm at last!
On February II, on Page l of The
Star, I read that bare meat counters
are expected in the United States by
midsummer, because war stock piles
have to be kept up, war stock piles being
for our military services, lease-lend, and
civilian consumption in the territories
outside continental United States.
have been told that we have to ship
butter to Russia because the Russians
don't like margarine, although in the
years to come, our children, especially,
are going to show the results of having
had to eat vitaminless margarine. We
have to ship the English ripened cheddar
cheese, as they don't like the unripened.
We are going to build thousands of
homes for the English who have been
bombed out, but we can't find sufficient
funds to eliminate deplorable slum con-
ditions within a few blocks of our Cap
tol. Recently The Star stated that one
of the worst fuel scarcities is threaten
ing the East. In fact, we have shortages
of many essentials in the United States
that work great hardships on our people
But in spite of this fact, on February 9,
on Page of The Star, read that we
had shipped 100000 pairs of army
boots to Russia, to ease gigantic needs
for troop equipment; 10000 tons of
metals, 100000 tons of petroleum prod
ucts, $4,000 tons Of chemicals, and
205, ,000,0 900 yards of cloth (of better
quality than we keep for ourselves, it Is
charged)
That old story about Santa Claus hv-
ing at the North Pole certainly is q
myth. His residence is right here in
Washington and his real name is Uncle
SANTA Claus, and the time is long past
due when someone should tell him that
charity begins at home!
We Americans would enjoy feeding
and clothing the world if our own flesh
and blood were not suffering seriously
and permanently-for lack of the same.
Stain, the worlds No. On-The- Beam
Man, must be laughing himself sore at
the great big boob known as the United
States! I only hope we won't convince
him SO completely that we are push
over that he will decide to reward our
generosity the same way the Japs did
our scrap iron. earthquake disaster
funds, and tactful hands-of policy in
the Pacific. I'm.
Evening star., 1945-02-14

An inevitable wave Of optimism has
swept the country as result Of the Big
Three communique on the Yalta con-
ference because it appears, at least on
the surface, that the dissensions among
the major Allies have been dispelled.
The most gratifying part of the COM
munique is that dealing with the defeat
Of Germany, which has become the
Allies No. l priority. The phrase 1T is
our inflexible purpose to destroy German
militarism and Nazism" makes it clear
that whatever plans the Russians may
have had to establish government with
the Junker elements in the Free Ger
many Committee have been set aside.
If Premier Stain still contemplates
using members of the committee it will
be only in minor capacity in that
area of the Reich which will be under
Soviet control. But the fear held by
some high American authorities before
President Roosevelt left for Yalta that
we might be suddenly confronted with
democratic" German government has
been dispelled
The long and exhaustive communioue
deals, of course, only with matters that
the Big Three wanted the public to
know. The real pattern of what hap
pened at Yalta and the deals which were
consummated there will begin to emerge
only after the Germans have been re-
duced to impotence.
1t Is the sincere hope of every one
that future events will not disappoint
the peace-seeking American people.
Following the pattern established
by absolute monarchs, the Big Three
have taken 1t on themselves to confirm
the fifth partition of Poland. They de-
creed that the Polish territories in the
east should be ceded to Russia The
communique informed the world that
the claims of Russia had been satisfied
without consulting the Polish people.
The Allies have agreed that the Lublin
Committee shall be expanded by the in
clusion of democratic" leaders from
within Poland and abroad. The Soviet
Foreign Commissar, who was instrument
tai in creating this committee, and the
British and American Ambassadors at
Evening star., 1945-02-14
Letters to The Star
Restoration Bonds Projected
For Russian Reconstruction
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
There is way by which the material
damage done on Russian soil by the
Nazis can be repaired without resort to
slave labor.
The Russian demand for the restora-
ton of property destroyed by the Nazis
can be met equitably without financial
outlay by Russia and at the same time
without violating the program for the
recognition of human rights for labor
everywhere.
Russia's policy of conscripting labor
of enemy countries for service in Russia
doubtless results from skepticism in
Russia as to the willingness and ability
of enemy countries to compensate other
wise for the destruction wrought.
But 1t now is as true as ever 1t was
that two wrongs do not make right
Russia is not justified in taking in
dividual Germans to Russia as slave
laborers, even though under the Hitler
regime Russians were taken to Germany
as industrial slaves.
Instead of permitting the burden of
restoration to be saddled upon minor
ity of the people of the aggressor ma
tionS, let the Allies require that the
entire population of each such nation
share that burden through an adequate
system of taxation, rigidly supervised by
an Allied commission.
Taxation, no matter how severe, will
not directly produce enough revenue to
keep abreast of the cost of maintaining
the great armies of workers needed to
restore the vast material values wan
tonly laid waste by the aggressors, SO
there should be bond issues, redeemable
from such tax revenue.
Such bond issues, backed by a sound
taxation plan, would enable all men en-
ployed in the restoration, irrespective of
whether Germans or nationals of other
countries guilty Of aggression or ma
tional of countries free from such guilt,
to be paid fairly for their labor
st. Louis. MILLER HAGEMAN!