davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-05

At Potsdam. Premier Stain declared
himself fully satisfied with the arrange
ments regarding Japan which were sub
niitted to him by President Truman
and by the territorial advantages which
benefited Russia as result Of the de-
feat OF Japan. In addition to the re-
.vival Of the prewar economic conces-
sions in Siberia, Russia obtained q zone
OF control In Northern Korea, the out
right annexation Of the Kurile Islands
and the recovery Of Southern Sakhalin.
At the time of the Potsdam meeting.
the Russian Premier appeared uncon-
cerned over any social or economic revo-
lutions In Japan.
The refusal Of the western powers.
supported by China, to give complete
satisfaction to Russia in connection with
the various problems which came up ut
the London Conference OF Foreign Min
isters angered Moscow to such q degree
that 1t decided to ask for complete
revision OF the Allies policies in the
Japanese islands.
Although President Truman had de-
clared himself opposed to any change in
the setup agreed on at Potsdam, Secre-
tary of State Byrnes conceded to Rus.
STA and agreed to the formation of
consultative committee-apparently with
headquarters in Washington super
wise the reorganization OF Japan after
her military forces had been completely
diSarmed.
This suggestion, however, was re-
jected by Foreign Commissar Molotov,
on orders from the Kremlp. He de-
manded that an Allied control commis-
sion-patterned after the one in Ber-
nn-be set up as soon as possible to
take over the direction of Japan and
its people. The four powers directly
interested In Japan-France apparently
Is to be excluded-were to have repre-
sentatives with equal powers on that
commission. That is to say, the au-
thority vested at Potsdam in the United
States to deal with Japan in the name
of the other interested nations was to
be taken away from us and the control
commission should act as the foremost
authority In Tokyo.
The experiences in Europe already
have proved that when such interna-
tional controls are placed In charge OF
a council there are inevitable frictions.
The representative Of each power Is pull
ing for the exclusive interests Of his
own government. The idea OF Justice
and tolerance" to which Gen. Mac
Arthur had pledged himself is subjected
to wide Interpretation in accordance
with the political aims of the country
Of each representative.
Compliance with Russia's demand for
q control commission would, In effect,
deprive America Of the role Of making
Japan into . democratic country-in
the western meaning of the word-and
creating . situation as confused as ex-
lists today in Europe east Of the Rhine.
Evening star., 1945-10-05

much like. the Old Nick. And, oh, the
fascination exerted by the enemy! How
easy, while fighting him, to accept his
very principles, or his unprinciple, ele-
waited into q "Weltanschauung" "a DO
litical philosophy.
To question was futile, selling Job
was being done. The American State
Department sent out its salesmen: Mr.,
Stettinius, Mr.. Pasvolsky, Mr.. James
Dunn and lesser lights called a meeting
IN New York Of publishers, editors, edi-
torial writer's and radio commentators.
They sat in the Waldorf ballroom and
listened for about an hour while the
Dumbarton Oaks Plan was described
excruciatingly bored, for all OF them
knew the plan by heart. Many had
studied and restudied it, annotated and
commented on 1t. Finally they were
allowed to submit questions, but only in
writing. There was no discussion.
Afterward the baIlyhoo Of San Fran.
cisco. In Europe, where "the toad be-
meath the harrow knows exactly where
each toothpoint goes" the people called
1t San Fiasco." And In London, Amer.
ican journalists have been protesting
against the lack Of naison between the
<AkAASAA AS0AA dC4C8eeSc 0llQ t21C fAI1SIlC4u
press, who had to get their information
Of the conferences deadlocks largely
from non-American sources.
4 y
No world organization was created
at San Francisco. No principles were
enunciated at Potsdam. Free elections
were promised, but no steps were taken
at any time to insure the most prim-
itive conditions for popular rule any
where. So the new world organization
has not survived Is many months as
the wretched League Of Nations sur
vived years. We must start over again
from scratch.
If Russia will not join us, then we
must organize without Russia. Un-
der no circumstances must we direct
ourselves against her; the international
organization should guarantee even non-
members aid against aggression, and
leave its ranks open at all times to
every one, including our late enemies.
The issue transcends all other issues,
for it Is the issue of life or death on
this planet. It cannot be settled by
collective bargaining among great pow
ers over the spoils Of war. 1t can only
be settled according to principle.
0eeleased By the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Jopun's Seized Banks

Seizure of twenty-one of Japan's
major financial institutions. located
in seven different cities, should
come as no surprise to the Japanese.
In the White House statement on
occupation policy. 1t is specifically
stated that the economic basis
of the country's military strength
must be destroyed and not per-
mitted to revive" that giant indus
trial and banking monopolies are to
be broken up, and that all domestic
and international fiscal, monetary
and credit policies are to be subject
either to the approval, review or
control of the supreme commander
for the Allies.
General MacArthur's seizure order
thus translates into concrete action
one Of the most important phases of
the policy drawn up by our State,
War and Navy Departments and ap-
proved by the President early last
month. Most of the banks involved
owned principally by the govern
ment, the imperial household and
big monopolistic combines-did no
business with depositors, and our oc-
cupation authorities have made. a
special point of assuring the Japa-
nese man in the street that the move
does not threaten any of his life
savings. 1t is designed solely to
liquidate the financial setup that
played such large role in the Inn
perialiStic economic penetration and
militaristic aggression carried out by
Japan for more than a generation
past.
AS a result of General MacAr-
thurs action-which includes the
ousting OF key officials in the af-
fected institutions-an books, rec
ords and other pertinent documents
will be subjected to careful scrutiny.
Besides helping to uncover the
whereabouts OF the loot believed to
have been taken by the japanese
from lands which they overran dur
ing the war, such study should 60
far toward exposing the whole pat
tern OF Japan's long-term conspir-
acy against the peace of Asia and
the world. 1t should throw q great
deal OF light, for instance, on how
the big bankers, industrialists and
militarists worked together to grab
Manchuria and capitalize on It's
riches not only for the empire but
3or their own private gain as well,
Evening star., 1945-10-05
The Symbol of the Navy

Metropolitan Washington today
honors with a proper parade down
historic Pennsylvania avenue and
other tributes the commander in
chief of the Pacific Fleet. But it
happens that those of his country
men who will assemble to salute
him actually know little as yet of
what Fleet Admiral Chester william
Nimitz has achieved. The story re-
mains to be told. Only its outlines
have been disclosed. The one single
fact that is familiar to the American
people concerning him is that he
was the officer who led our naval
forces in their victory over Japan.
And nothing more is needed for
the moment. The Nations Capital
pays homage to Admiral Nimitz in
appreciation of his services without
waiting for step-by-step, blow-by-
blow account. What matters now is
that he and all who labored with
him to the triumphal end shall
understand that the American Re-
public is grateful.
Admiral Nimitz is a symbol of the
Navy in the Second World War.
Fifty years ago he was a tow-headed
kid on the plains of Texas. His
original intention was to go into the
Army. Turned down because there
were no more vacancies at West
Point, he sought and obtained an
appointment to the Naval Academy
as a second choice. His first ex-
perience on the water left him sea-
sick. But he was graduated seventh
in the class of 1905 and from that
date onward made steady progress
toward the top. Pearl Harbor was
his opportunity. He assumed the
Pacific command on December 81,
1S41, when nothing less than
authentic genius was required to
retrieve the Navy's reputation on
the Oriental side of the globe.
How Admiral Nimitz went about
his task, exactly what his own dis
tinctive contribution was, the meth
ods and techniques which he de-
veloped, the strategy which he put
into effect-all of these minutiae
still are locked up in official reports
which will take years of expert
study to correlate for lay readers.
Meanwhile, the victory has been ac-
complished and reconstruction has
been started. His fellow-Americans
today say, "Thanks!" and "Well
done!" The commander in chief
of the Pacific Fleet, modest and shy,
accepts the applause in the name of
his comrades who bore the brunt of
the long battle up to the surrender
In Tokyo Bay. He and they, living
Americans, already are part of the
glorious legend in which John Paul
Jones and David Glasgow Farragut,
George Dewey and many other great
captains likewise appear.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

While industry after industry is struck
In the United States and cries for more
rapid demobilization descend on the
peoples representatives, and the tax
structure is overhauled, and America
prepares TO enter peace as sensationally
- she went to war, eyes have been di-
verted from London, where . nrst-class
tragedy has taken place.
The peace negotiations have broken
down. There Is no peace. We have
been counting our chickens before they
were Matched. The eggs that were to
produce the great new age Of peace are
sterile. The situation is Just as bad
as 1t can be.
Truth Is, 1t was bad at Casablanca,
at Moscow, ut Yalta, at San Francisco,
and at Potsdam 1t was worst Of all, We
put the most favorable Interpretation
On things; We trusted our leaders; We
hoped for the best-once our enemies
were Internationally surrendered. But
IN sober moments, studying the docu-
ments that issued from these various
meetings, We could not hide our doubts
and fears.
What was to be the fate of small ma
ttons IN the Big Three-or Big Five
world? What was . small nation2
Erancef Was she really one Of the
'bigs"-or was her inclusion all hooey?
II the small nations disappeared, as
power factors, along with Germany and
Japan. what would move into the vac
uum thus created7 The Big Three?
And when, IN history, have great powers
restrained themselves, each In the In
terest Of the other?
Where-we asked ourselves-was that
ancient figure, her eyes bandaged against
prejudice, holding the scales? Where
were the people, the common men,"
whose peace and whose century this, we
were told, was to be? The small nations,
plus the enemy peoples In Europe alone,
composed populations totaling those of
the United States and the Soviet Union
combinedi Were all these to be per-
manently disfranchised? Was not Dunn
barton Oaks fraud from the beginning
from the moment 1t was accepted that
the strong should enjoy privileges denied
the weak, and exempted from restric-
tions that the small countries must
assume?
The cry went up: I'VE must be real
istic!"-but no one could define for us
this new realism. It looked to US very
Evening star., 1945-10-05

80 Per cent pay increase. The COM
panies offered is per cent and when
that was not accepted by the union,
Mr.. schwellenbach proposed what
was in effect compulsory arbitra-
ton, which is generally opposed by
both labor and management. In
this case, however, the union ac-
cepted the proposal and manage
ment rejected it--but the latter's
objection ran to details rather than
principle. The point in dispute was
whether the arbitrator should be
free to award any increase between
the present scales and the requested
so per cent advance, or whether he
would be limited to an award be-
tween the tentatively offered is
per cent and the total sought by
the union. When the latter condi-
ton was stipulated, the companies
rejected the arbitration proposal
and the seizure was ordered.
Thus, while the Presidents action
may get the men back to work, the
ultimate settlement OF the dispute
remains in doubt. Is the Govern
ment going to make its own wage
agreement with the union, and II
SO by what procedure and under
what standards? II not, what is
gained by the seizure beyond a
probable temporary resumption OF
work?
Aside from all this, the fact re-
mains that, soon or late, there must
be a formal declaration of the end
Of the war. When that day arrives
there will be no legal basis for Coy
ernment seizure Of struck plants,
and the country will be at the
mercy Of strikes in vital industries.
The problem of finding q sound So
luton is admittedly . most difli-
cult one. Yet 1t is inconceivable
that Congress and the administra-
ton will adopt futile, do-nothing
policy, with view to letting nature
take Its course, cost what 1t may.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Letters to The Star
The Harrison Report Defended
BY Hadassah Officer

by Hadassah Officer
TO the Editor Of The star:
! have read your editorial entitled
"a Misleading Exagseration" in The
Star Of October l, relating to the report
which Earl G. Harrison recently SUBJ
mitted to the President on the condition
Of homeless Jews In Germany.
It is to be regretted that The Star,
in its usual careful editorial policy, has
seen At to attack report Of such q
reliable observer and reporter as Mr..
Harrison. Indeed. Mr.. Harrisons re-
port Is, from all well-documented and
authenticated facts, only too true . pic
ture Of conditions which have prevailed
In Germany. While there may be some
camps where conditions are not as bad
as described and while some change may
have occurred since the delivery Of the
report to the President, 1t cannot be
said that Mr.. Harrison exaggerated any
Of the conditions which he saw. It Is to
be remembered that the report as pub
ushcd In the newspapers Is several
weeks old, for 1t was not given for pub
lication at the time OF Its delivery to
the White House.
One thing remains abundantly clear:
The displaced prosecuted Jews of Ger
many and Of Europe generally have not
been cared for properly. Many Of them
sttll are without adequate housing.
clothing and food essential to bring
them back to anything like q normal
existence. In many cases. the Jews are
considered stateless, and their condition
Is aggravated by the lack Of response
biiity OF any government for their well
fare. They do not wish to return to
whatever may have been their homes
before Hitler. They want only the
chance to live new life and to have
some hope for the future. Even that
is denied to them, for they cannot
choose where to go to re-establish their
broken lives. Palestine, to which they
have looked through these long years
Of torture and torment, Is closed to
them by heartless British policy. No
country has opened Its doors to these
victims Of Hitler.
The American people never have
shirked their responsibilities 10 the OPP
pressed and prosecuted peoples of the
world. It is time that the few remain
ing Jews Of Europe-less than q half
million out Of previous six million
should find a place to build their lives
anew. Mr.. Harrison has rendered the
American public great service in max
ing the facts known, and his report
deserves to receive serious attention
and sympathetic consideration.
MRS. RAPHAEL TCUROvER,
National Vice President, Hadassah,
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Bad News for Motorists
By David laurence
from the New York Times

<fon the new York Times
Production Of new passenger automo.
piies after the first Of the year is stiII
highly speculative as to quantity Ilt Az
pest, however. the number that can
come OF assembly lines by july i 1915
would have to be multiplied many times
before the demand could be met. Nv far
the largest proportion Of the cars now
m service, believed to be somewhat fewer
than 100000 are overage and run.
ming on borrowed time. They are pass.
ing the point Of usefulness Ia iarre,
numbers week by week. More than 7o,.
goo cars are going to the junk pile an.
nuaHy. In addition, there win be the
demand. with high priority, for new
automobiles by returning servicemen as
wen as . host Of new buyers. Under
these conditions and since the interest
OF the Nation requires that every noss
sinle car be kept in service, continued
careful and conscientious maintensnce
ana conservation Of the existing stbck.
pile Is imperative.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
This Changing World
ny LONslaN1iNe BrOiOt

Despite the urgency Of other inter-
national issues, American policy
trainers are focusing their attention &C
this time on Russia's demand that 1
four-power control commission be or
ganized to complete the moral and eco
nomic disarmament Of Japan.
According to those who attended the
Potsdam Conference, neither Premier
Stain nor the British representative
ever brought up the question Of such !
commission being necessary to sipplant
the powers they had agreed to entrust
TO the American supreme commander.
When Gen. Macarthur was selected
for the job, and was unanimously in
dorsed by the heads Of the other powers.
he was looked on as the right person to
enforce all the necessary policies In the
military, economic and social domain
70 make Japan into . peace-loving
nation.
Very clear and definite INSTRUCTIONS
were drafted In Washington by the
President with the assistance OF the
1oint chiefs Of stan and the Presidents
State Department advisers.
These instructions are said to have
covered the period Of military activities
as wen - the period following the dis
armament OF the Japanese forces.
t*
The methods and means Of executing
these instructions were left to the dis.
cretion OF the supreme commander. This
was inevitable since no one In Waslinp-
ton knew how much resistance might be
onered TO the army Of occupation or
wnetner the Emperors orders would be
carried out by the Japanese armies.
IL must be remembered that when
Hirohito agreed to surrender uncondi-
uonaliy on the basis Of the PotSdam
declaration, the Japanese forces on the
nome islands totaled about $500 900
men, fully armed and well trained, and
Japan'S air force comprised 2,250 planes.
Ine nrst American contingents landed
IN the Japanese islands were o,ltnlm-
bered by about 1,000to /. The Japanese
were known to regard death lightly and
any miscalculated policy on our part
might have caused q serious loss OF life
During the first days OF the occupa-
ton Washington military quarters were
greatly concerned over the possibility
OF suicide attacks, which, while ending
disastrously for the Japanese. mirht
have caused many American casualties
Hence, Gen. Macarthur was given full
freedom OF action insofar as the gradu-
q application Of the instructions issued
from Washington was concerned.
1t had been agreed at Potsdam that
the United States would have the ex-
elusive voice IN Japanese affairs. AL.
Lied representatives were attached. to
the supreme commanders stan rs con-
sultants, and according to available re-
ports they are now being informed on
every phase Of enforcement Of the sur
render protocol
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Yes, and as Brave!

From the q. Louis Post -Dispateh.
AS the end Of wars long scroll i
reached, with Al its deeds Of heroism
and its black barbarities, new chapter
opensthat Of reconstruction and the
achievement Of security and peace for.
al the world. May our civilian leaders
and their aides Be Is wise and Is sue
cessful = Macarthur, Nimits. Halssy,
stiiwell and their gallant men.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Favors Religious Education

To the Editor Of The star:
Every thinking man and woman
knows that the records of the FBI and
the police courts show an ever-increas-
ing number Of juveniles being charged
with every possible crime, even murder.
The only remedy, as see 1t, is to
make real effort to have our young
peoples conscience aroused. They must
be given real reasons why Gods laws
should not be broken. How can that be
done? BY giving them religious train
ing In the schools. This is to compile
nnent the work done In the home and
church. In view Of the high cost of
maintaining our penal and correctional
institutions. one hour OF released time
devoted to real character training Of
our young citizens should not be con-
sidered time wasted. We should give It
trial at least. II. RIP.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Veteran Wonders About Powers

Veteran Wonders About Powers
10 the Editor Of The star:
AL the large Allied powers have q
hand In controlling Germany and there
doesn't seem to be any unity. That's
satisfactory since they all contributed
TO her fall.
What's pushing me Is the fact that
they want to come In and have an
equal say - to the methods Of con-
trolling Japan. I can't understand why,
since one conquered country Is enough
TO have messed up at one time. Their
waik-out on the Foreign Ministers
meeting In London should convince at
least all World War II veterans Of that
fact, Have We spent the past four years
In vain3
A WORLD WAR II VETERAN.
Evening star., 1945-10-05

That Pasadena prophet who has
been foretelling the end of the world
has been compelled to set several
new dates. He reminds one of the
story OF the drunk who threatened
John L. Sullivan, identity unknown
to him, If he did not apologize. The
Strong Boy" apologized. Later the
challenger was asked what he would
have done In case of failure.
Granted him an extension" was
the reply.
Evening star., 1945-10-05

For the benefit OF those who may
doubt that this is a screwy world,
the following is submitted from q
recent speech by William L. Bait,
vice chairman Of the War Produc-
ton Board: LET US have uniform
standards in our screw threads and
let US thereby strike . blow for
peace"
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Nothing Is LOST

There the crosses stand, crin pro6y ~
sacrifice,
Proof Of Hues snu6ed out like cdS,d1s
Hame,
A few menentoes sent to the neH o.
kin,
4 monument that bears . hsro.
name.
And yet, ice ioho are LEFT, blind, imsturs
IN our oson doubt, turn croptn6 for
truth,
For visdom that ,0ill help n yeas to
For pattsrr to marx out thes.Oay
OF youth.
Then In . nsidnight hour, sure sand
certain,
We Enoi0 that lope and beauty otftlips
strife,
They are gone /. but their assets.
proud and mutable,
Pour back into the singing cr1ieibls
Of hte.
So zoe ,oio gaze and count bitter cost.
KHot0 at last, that nothing is ererssIost,
ALMA ROBSON HrGBtE
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Asks About Freedom for Asia

To the Editor Of The Star:
The owl propagandised Ill over the
world for three years that the United
States Of America was fighting for the
Four Freedoms and was . champion OF
liberty for all.
This statement Of our principles was
radioed AL over Asia, including India,
lndo- China, ETC., ~ hours q day.
The Japanese, however, informed the
natives OF those places that the Anglo
Saxon Imperialists" would grab any
chance to get back into Asia and op-
press the people as they formerly did.
! wonder II our owl misled these
foreign countries. Did they mislead
them more than the Japanese did?
Today. with the help Of American
guns, we zee the British fighting side
by side with the Japanese In Indo-
China against the natives who want
freedom.
Today, In the Netherlands East
Indies, an American nag hangs side
by side with . Dutch nag over dovern-
ment House ct Batavia, while American
guns In the hands Of the British (who
are aided by the Japanese) fire on
the natives who want freedom.
Why shouldn't these millions Of peo-
pie have freedem7 w. Z. OLDHAM.
Evening star., 1945-10-05
Verify Desired

10 ths Editor ce The star:
1t should be gratifying to students OF
world politics to read In your paper
such intelligent and frank discussion
OF the attitude Of Russia on the efforts
OF the civilized nations to formulate Z
lasting peace. I have particular refer
ence to Constantine Browns column In
last Sundays edition and again In Tues
days. also read with great pleasure
the column by Col. Frederick Palmer.
It seems to me that 1t has taken the
political commentators very long time
to zee the light or else to md safacient
courage to bring the facts out into the
light.
Let US have the truth.
ALBERT d RIJET