davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Democratic Worries
By Raym ond Moley

Mr.. Roosevelt never forgot that the
margin of success for him was in these
minority political groups. He took for
granted the support of orthodox Demo-
Gratis, however unhappy they might be.
publicans. He won in 1910 and in 1914
because he cultivated the radicals and
non-orthodox. That explains his per-
sistent appeals to class feeling and his
many jibes at certain" businessmen
and reactionaries.
Mr.. Truman is by nature a pacif1er
He has shown absolutely no disposition
toward demagoguery. His message was
we'll disposed in tone toward all groups.
His heart has been warmed by the good
will of those who long feared and op-
posed the late President. His major
appointments have been on the con-
servative and orthodox Democratic side.
He is willing to follow expediency far
enough to include the Roosevelt policies
in his budget of recommendations, but
his disposition is too pacific to shout
for them.
His political advisers, whose interest
IS in keeping the big cities OF New
Yori;, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit
and Los Angeles as strongholds OF
Democratic strength, will have hard
time to bring Mr.. Truman to crusade
in the Roosevelt manner for New Deal
measures His sympathies are too deeply
fixed in the old Democratic party for
that.
The ironic fact is that the city lead
ers put over Mr.. Truman for Vice Pres
ident at Chicago by appealing to the
Southern leaders in their fight against
the Wallace candidacy. They won.
And now they are worried lest Mr.. Tru-
man be exactly what he had to be to
win over Mr. Wallace. Their worry Is
genuine and well founded.
(Ralsased by the Associated Newspapers, Inc.)
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Presidential Vessels

A President needs boat OF his
own. George Washington had re-
course to public barges when jour-
neying between Mount Vernon and
New York. When John Adams died
on July 4, 1926, his son John Quincy
took "the quickest route possible"
from Washington City to Boston but
necessarily made at least seven
changes of conveyance, including
two steamboat connections. Nearly
forty years later, travel still was slow
and inconvenient. Thus Abraham
Lincoln, going to City Point near
Richmond to meet the Confederate
peace commissioners in February,
1865, went by train to Annapolis and
then on the steamer Thomas Collyer
to Fortress Monroe. The conference
with the Southern delegates, how
ever, took place on the River Queen,
the same vessel which Lincoln and
his wife and son subsequently used
when they returned to City Point
late in March.
In Grover Cleveland's time, roughly
half a century ago, the President
borrowed" small naval craft when
he desired to go fishing or duck
hunting, as he occasionally did. E. C.
Benedict's yacht Oneida was pressed
into service in an emergency involv-
ing nothing less than the life of the
Chief Executive. He underwent a
serious operation on that beautiful
pleasure boat while it drifted about
New York Harbor on a critical week
end during the panic of 1893 The
surgeons fortunately accomplished
their delicate work without difficulty,
and the public never knew about it
until comparatively recently.
Possibly it was the Cleveland ex-
perience or some similar more or
less dramatic incident that prompted
Theodore Roosevelt to commander
the Mayflower in 1905. She had been
built in Scotland for Ogden Goelet
in 1896 and was patterned after the
imperial Meteor, belonging to Kaiser
Wilhelm II. The Navy purchased
her for $43O, 900 at the beginning of
the Spanish War in 1898. She did duty
as dispatch carrier running to and
from Cuba and as relief bearer to
Puerto Rico after the typhoon of
1900. When Commodore Dewey was
raised to the rank of full admiral
in 1902, she was assigned to be his
flagship. Among her passengers
were the members of the Russo
Japanese commission attending the
Portsmouth Conference. Both War
rem Harding and Calvin Coolidge
went to official reviews in the May
flower. It was only when President
Hoover learned that the expense of
Evening star., 1945-09-15
A Security Question

The Senate Naval Affairs Com
mittee soon will have to make an
important decision on the Navy's
request that certain documents re-
lating to the Pearl Harbor inquiry
be kept permanently secret. The
documents involved are said to cover
messages bearing directly on the
Japanese attack. and they seem. to
that extent, to be pertinent to the
forthcoming congressional investi-
cation. The Navy, however, is rep
resented as fearing that If they be-
come a matter of public record, the
world at large will learn how the
japanese code was broken.
We know now that the breaking
of this code gave us advance intel
ligence that made possible such
important events as the disastrous
defeat suffered by the enemy off
Midway-one of the decisive battles
of the war-and the perfectly timed
finish of Admiral Yamamoto, the
man who once boasted he would die
tate peace to us in the White House.
Our success in this respect undoubt-
edly was based on special techniques,
and it is quite conceivable that these
techniques can remain exclusively
ours for many years to come unless
other countries are tipped off to
them. 1t is for this reason, accord
ing to reports, that the Navy has
most earnestly asked for continued
secrecy.
In matter of this sort, it must
be presumed that the Senate Naval
Affairs Committee will exercise it's
best judgment. Perhaps if one or
two of the member-Senators were
taken into the Navy's confidence
and shown just how publication
might be injurious to our term
national security, the committee as
whole would vote for secrecy with
out further ado. In any case, the
documents in question ought not to
be made public until the Senators
first make very sure that such a
step would not do more harm than
good. The war is over, of course,
but in some things prudence still is
highly desirable.
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Veterans Seniority Problem

To the Editor of The Star:
This foreign service organization
wishes to express appreciation of the
sound views presented by The Star in
recent editorial, pointing out flaws in
the arguments of those supporting
"superseniority" for veterans.
We should like to point out that the
Veterans of Foreign War consistently
has opposed this Interpretation of the
veterans Unemployment rights, although
we strenuously combat all efforts to re-
1ect for seniority purposes the time vet
Grams have spent in the armed forces.
We believe the veteran should not be
penalized for having served his coun-
try, but we do not ask that he replace
a worker with seniority greater than the
veterans combined military and on-the-
job seniority.
May we be permitted to point out that
satisfactory solution of the problems
blocking full recognition of the job
rights of returning servicemen cannot
be worked out through mutual Cooper
alton Of all concerned? For nearly three
years the Veterans of Foreign Wars has
pursued this approach in vain.
At our invitation, the AFL and CIO
agreed to sit down and work out vol
untary agreement guaranteeing no un-
ion opposition to veterans job seniority.
A tentative agreement was reached, but
1t was ignored by local unions when con-
tracts were being negotiated. Subse-
quent conferences failed to win any
concession from labor, and as a result
the v. F. w. decided to appeal to Con-
gress seeking statutory seniority.
We consider the entire issue of vet
erans' job protection one of the most
vital facing the Nation in the recon-
version period, and the effort of The
Star to weigh the divergent views in
volved constitutes great public service.
BEN MORGAN,
Veterans of Foreign Wars.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

Democratic Chairman Hannegan is
apparently alarmed lest the mild tone
of President Trumans message be in
terpreted as failure to carry on the
Roosevelt policies. His statement this
week is intended to point out that the
President really included in his message
all the late President stood for in
domestic affairs.
Mr. Hannegan was moved to make
this emphatic statement because the
more practical Democratic politicians
have been worried over the praise be-,
slowed on Mr.. Truman by Republicans
and conservative Democrats. The argu-
ment of these practical politicians is
this.
However fulsome may be the praise
given to Mr.. Truman by conservatives in
the past five months, he must not ex-
pect Republican votes. Republicans
may prefer him to Mr.. Roosevelt, but
they will continue to support their
party. And there are more Republicans
than Democrats in the United States.
Coming down to figures, a prominent
Democratic politician estimates that
there are something more than 10000.
600 Republican votes in this country,
while there are not more than $4,000, 900
Democratic votes. The rest of the votes
belong to an assorted lot of minority
groups, mostly radical. Included are a
great many Negro votes, which, as is
shown by study of returns, are ex-
tremely capricious. Already, according
to this politician, the Negroes are turn
ing away from Mr.. Truman. They
think that the President belongs to the
old guard of the Southern democracy.
The CIO vote is not by tradition bound
to any party. It's primary allegiance
is to its own wing of the labor move
ment. It will jump the reservation, If
Mr.. Truman shows any further DISPOSE
ton to turn conservative.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

psychological as well. How far the
prewar colonial regimes Of Britain,
France, Holland and Portugal can
be restored is problematical. So far
as this country is concerned, the
recovery Of Southeastern Asia by our
Allies should mean an alienation of
many current shortages, notably tin,
rubber and spices. Shipping short
ages prevented the japanese from
exploiting their gains, and surpluses
!of these valuable materials should
thus be available for the world
market in the not-too- distant future.
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Letters to The Star
Lauds Representative Norton's
Bill for Child-Care Centers
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The Parents Committee for Child
Care Centers learns that Congress-
woman Mary Norton believes in our
project to the extent that she has in
troduced bill in Congress to provide
for Nationwide day-care centers. Bill
H. r. 1922 provides for the establish
ment of nurseries to be supported on
a half-and-half basis; l. e., the Federal
Government will provide from public
moneys so per cent of the total cost
of upkeep and the States will provide
the balance. A splendid thing. The
mothers are relieved that some one in
high governmental place has had in
sight enough to recognize the urgent
need for child-care centers. 1t is not
so strange, either, that it should have
been woman.
The males in American society ex-
hibit curious reluctance to accept
any day-care for children as equal to
mothers. If woman's vaunted intui-
ton means anything, the mothers are
of the opinion that the men never have
really forgiven them for getting the
vote. Be that as it may, society has
changed the domestic scene to such an
extent that child nowadays has be-
come persona non grata." Rental
agents will not have him, if his parents
can be induced to move; neighbors con-
slider him "in the way" at best, a
"hellion" at worst; duplex fats have
greenery that must not be disturbed;
streets are too heavily traficked to allow
free play; public Fairgrounds are scarce.
In short, metropolis is too crowded
to allow enough room for a child to
grow up in. The nurseries provide not
only the necessary room, but other
invaluable aids to happy growing up.
Child-sized equipment, encouragement
at skills, learning through sound group
pressures. balanced nutrition, college
trained teachers.
We mothers can expend love on our
young ones, but only a rank senti-
mentalist would argue that love is
enough. Children need more, and the
nurseries give it. Certainly, no asper-
sion on the quality of the mothers love
can be made because she insists that
her child needs nursery care.
VIVIAN McMAHILL.
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Occupying japan

At his Eighth Army headquarters
in Tokyo. General Eichelberger has
predicted that the occupation of
Japan may be ended within years
time. Conceivably this may prove
to be a pretty bad guess, but the in
dications are that the War Depart
ment itself is thinking along much
the same line-a fact suggested at
the rehabilitation hearings of the
Senate Military Affairs Committee,
where General Edwards, assistant
chief of staff, has just testified
that there may be substantial re-
duction in the size of the occupying
forces heretofore considered neces-
sary.
To those who have not liked the
way General Macarthur has been
handling the situation, all this may
seem to be further evidence of a
soft" policy. But the idea of a
short occupation period, as expressed
by General Eichelberger, is predi-
Gated, first of all, on the assumption
that within IL months or there
abouts it will be possible to impose
upon the japanese the penalizing
terms of their unconditional sur
render. These terms include COM
plete demilitarization, the punish
ment of war criminals, the elimina-
ton of industries capable of arms
production, reparations in kind, and
cutting Hirohito's territory down to
the home islands. General Mac
Arthur, who says Japan is already
fourth-rate power with little hope
of ever coming back, rightly empha-
sizes that these conditions are not
soft" and he promises that they are
not going to be applied "in kid glove
fashion" At the same time, since
General Eichelberger is his subordi-
nate and would not speak at vari-
ance with him, he is presumably in
agreement with the thesis that the
occupation may be relatively brief.
The last word on this, of course,
will be spoken not by the generals
but by our highest political leader
ship.
Actually, the Potsdam ultimatum
which was the basis of the Japa-
nese surrender-itself placed a time
limit on occupation, in the sense
that it specifically declared that our
forces would withdraw as soon as
the Allies had achieved their objec-
tives and responsible, peacefully
inclined native government had
been set up in accordance with the
freely expressed will of the people
1t is possible that such a govern
ment may be formed within a year,
in which case, provided that our
other terms are carried out, General
Eichelberger's prediction may come
true.
In any event, the time of our with
drawal will not necessarily be a
measure of the "softneSs" or hard
ness" of our policy. AS General
Eichelberger says, when an insular
country loses its land, sea and air
power and is without raw materials
and has big countries sitting on its
f1anks, it can't be much of threat"
That is how Japan stands today, and
if the United States, Russia and
China remain united in an external
watch against it in the years to
come, it will be powerless to hurt us,
no matter how long or short our
occupation.
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Says Austrians Favor Russia

Says Austrians Favor Russia
To the Editor of The Star:
Dare we accept at face value the cur
rent charges that the Soviet govern
ment is forcing upon the people of Bull
garia, Romania, Hungary and the Baltic
States land allegedly assisting Tito to
force upon the Yugoslavs) economic and
political measures which are said not
to be desired by the majority of the
people in those countries? Is it not
possible, and even probable, that the
journalists, Allied officials and radio
commentators sending in these reports
are-perhaps quite unwittingly-trans-
mitting to us the views and desires of
the upper-class minority with which
they have contact and which is more
articulate than the mass of the common
people?
That this may well be the case is
suggested by reading of the many
circumstantial reports appearing in the
Austrian Labor News, concerning the
present state of public opinion in Aus
tria. When the Germans were driven
out of that liberty loving country, pop
ular sentiment was strongly pro-Ameri-
can and anti-Russian. Today, after
several months under American and
Russian military supervision Tin sep
arate but contiguous zones) Russia now
is decidedly the more popular prefer
ence.
These little-publicized facts about
Austria point significantly in the direc-
tion OF something amiss in the current
reports discrediting Russia in other
countries. FREDERICK A. BLOSSOM.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

upkeep had reached 100000 an
nually that he ordered her retired"
Franklin D. Roosevelt took over
the Potomac in 1941. His successor,
it now is announced, will have at
his disposal the 245-foot gunboat
Williamsburg, built at Bath in 1881
and converted by the Navy decade
later.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

Most Women Look for Relaxation
in Bath" ran a recent woman's page
headline. Also for the soap.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

Andrew Carnegie's Peace Palace
at The Hague and the League of Ma
tions Building at Geneva: Wonder
what to do with them?
Evening star., 1945-09-15
Defends Franco Regime


To the Editor of The Star:
To hear constantly about the "libera-
ton" of the Spanish people and its
urgency becomes rather tiring.
The Spaniards already were liberated
in 1889 by Franco and his Army of
Spaniards with the help of Germans
and Italians.
Franco fought against a communis-
tic horde that also was helped by for
eigners who here in the United States
at least are considered undesirables.
He got rid of regime of the same
kind as those which the British and
American governments now are trying
to prevent being installed in Romania
and Bulgaria.
These days we hear about Jap afro
cities with murders, killing of nuns
and so on. It should also be recalled
that the same kind of atrocities were
committed in Spain under the regime
headed by those gentlemen from Mexico
City. They now have accomplished
their latest official robbery by appropri-
ating the Spanish peoples money with
the completely of the Mexican govern
ment. w. B. MARTIN.
Evening star., 1945-09-15

Even when it is hard to get. the
American people continue to spend
27 times as much for chewing gum
as they spend for books.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-11-09

over the world, Madame Eboue is
rejoicing these days over the fact
that, at last, she has all of her four
children safely at home again.
Henry, who is 30, and Robert, who
is 25, had volunteered in the French
Army in 1889 and were captured by
the Germans. The testimony of
French doctors who faxed x-rays of
their chests and declared that the
two boys had developed serious lung
trouble. convinced the Germans
that it would be wise to permit them
to escape" since, even if they died
of natural causes, they would be ac-
cused of killing them as revenge
upon their father. Through this
ruse, Henry and Robert eventually
made their way to Spain where they
Joined their only sister, Ginette,
aged 21.
Ginette had been at school near
Paris but her fathers strong stand
for DeGaulle, made her position in
France increasingly dangerous and
so, with the help of friends, she too
escaped to Spain in 1912. Together,
the three journeyed back to Brazza-
vile where Ginette joined unit of
he French Waves.
Nineteen-year-old Charles, who
s the youngest of the family and is
said to be most like his mother, was
a student in C2iro at the outbreak
# the war. However when the arm
istice was signed between Germany
and France, he became impatient
with his studies and cajoled his fam
lily into permission to join the Raj.
After flight training in England,
he became pilot in the French Air
Force.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-11-09
11o CTS ENROLLED IN Term
Two AT 5HRIVENHAM

SHRIVENHAM, England, Nov.
9 (ANP) One hundred ten Negro
GTs are enrolled in Term Two of
the United States Army Univer-
sity center here. The Tan Yanks,
adding to the record breaking en-
r~ilment of over 1000 came to the
university from all the commands
in The ETO and represent 40 per-
cent increase over those enrolled
ii Term One. Term Two began on
Oct. 8 and will close on the first of
December.
The university in cataloguing a
variety of $50 subjects of college
and graduate level study offers it's
students an opportunity to do with
in eight major fields Of learning. A
partial report of course registra-
ton shows that most of the / 10 men
are enrolled in many of the 81 sub
jects offered in the liberal arts sec
ton. A further breakdown of
course registration shows that the
subjects most sought after by the
Tan Yanks were in sociology, psy-
chology and commerce, with a par
ticular stress on the latter. Other
departments of study considered by
the men are agriculture.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-11-09

body, the constituent assembly.
French authorities announce
this week that Madam Eboue
widow of the famed, almost legend
ary Negro governor general 0
French Equatorial Africa, has beer
elected to the French constituen
assembly in Paris representing tn
West Indian Island of Guadalupe
So great was the appeal of thu
Eboue name to the Negro and white
voters in Guadaloupe that Madame
Eboue polled nearly $4,000 votes
almost twice as many as any other
candidate.
French official sources report
that next to General DeGaulle him.
self, perhaps no other Frenchmar
contributed as much to the French
resistance movement as did Felix
Eboue; the first and only Negro tC
become colonial governor general
During the dark days of 1910
when DeGaulle was first beginning
his campaign and many bewildered
white French colonial governors
were hesitating to join DeGaulle, it
was Eboue who turned the tide
''who marched his people into the
ranks of the Free and Fighting
French" He journeyed to every
part of his colony uniting local
chiefs in opposition to Hitler and
Laval Through his unceasing ef-
forts, the allies gained much-needed
resources and British possessions
were saved from German penetra-
liant administrator and humani-
ton. Eboue was known as a bril-
tartan.
Madame Eboue is expected to
carry out the policies of her hus-
band who died in Cairo, Egypt, last
spring. Madame Eboue, born in
French Guiana in South America
was the daughter of a high French
official, was educated in Paris. She
and her husband spent 25 years in
Africa and learned to speak many
of the native dialects fluently.
Madame Eboue shares her hus-
bands we'll known dislike of officia
honors and functions. Like him, she
prefers to live simply and, charac.
teristically, her home is gracious
yet completely unpretentious. A
very active woman, her hands are
almost always busy. She is inter
ested in art and has done some
etchings; this was another strong
bond between her and her husband
who discussed painting with as
much enthusiasm and knowledge as
he discussed law and government
affairs. An appreciative admira,
ton of fine native craftsmanship
has led to another of her hobbies
leather designing.
Like SO many other mothers al
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-11-09
EB0UE'5 WIDOW ELECTED
TO FRENCH ASSEMBLY

PARIS, Nov. 9 (ANP).-For the
first time in the history of France,
Negro woman, nearing her 5Oth
birthday, will sit as a member of
that nations highest government
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-10-30
HnLIOye 'en
 Party Planned

A Halloween parade and dance will be held tonight by the Hopeville Community. The parade will form at 7:15 p. m. at Hopeville Stadium, and will be escorted by the U. s. Time Corporation band. All children of the district are invited to participate and compete for more than 150 prizes which will be awarded, at 8 judging to take place after the gob- lins procession winds up at Hope. vile gymnasium.
 The committee sponsoring the af.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-10-30
Junior League
 Board Meets

The Junior League of Waterbury, held board meeting recently at the home of Mrs. Robert H. Pratt, GA Columbia Blvd. The years projects were discussed and two officers nominated for the National organi- zation. Mrs. Walter Boldin, Birm- ingham, Ala, was nominated for president and Mrs. Charles Cownie, of Des Moines, Iowa, named for sec retary.
 The. sustaining members are sponsoring their regular series of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-10-30

current events, scheduled for Dec. 3rd, 10th and 1T, and Jan. 14th. February dates will be announced.
 The next monthly meeting of the Junior League will be held in the Colonial Room of the Hotel Elton, Nov. 18th, when discussions on new projects will be held.