davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Mr.. Lawrence Clarifies Position

Mr.. Lawrence Clarifies Position
Tc the Editor of The Star:
Apropos of your editorial last Friday,
I did not have in mind that particular
individuals or personalities would be
singled out to typify the military group
which I said had selfish motive in
urgently demanding the adoption now
of compulsory universal military train
ing recognize that there are often
on both sides of a controversy persons
with an unselfish as well as persons
with selfish motive. General Marshall
seems to have had something of this
sort in mind when he wrote in his re-
port of October 10: 81 must say that
many of the objections which have been
made to universal military training ap-
pear to be Influenced by Interior mo-
tives or to ignore completely the trag-
edies Of the past and present which we
are seeking to avoid in the future"
Surely, it would be wrong to assume
that the general was making blanket
indictment of those of us who really
believe in universal military training,
but differ with him as to the period
for the training or the amount of mill
tary control over the education of our
youth which the Army should be per-
mitted to exercise in peacetime.
DAVID LAWRENCE.
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Helping the Deaf

Each year at this time week is
set aside for consideration of the
problems of persons whose hearing
As defective. But no one particular
portion of the annual calendar
really ought to be needed for such
study and discussion. The work of
helping the deaf and the partially
deaf to help themselves goes on
constantly, as indeed it should, day
after day and month after month
without interruption.
What most is wanted in the cir
,cumstances is the same creative
variety of cooperation which proves
effective in other fields of effort.
Those who are hard of hearing
deserve and should receive assist
ance in the making of proper ad-
justments to their environment.
For the benefit of society at large
they ought to be aided in their
social and vocational relations. I'm
derstanding and fellowship, rather
than sympathy which may be
fruitlessly sentimental in character,
are called for.
7 But the deaf likewise must prac-
tice constructive attitude toward
their neighbors. They, too, must
realize that what is desired is a
practical mutuality. People whose
hearing is not impaired often are
handicapped by defective sight or
by difficulties of utterance which
render them self-conscious and un-
happy. The principle of give-and-
take is the solution in many thou
sands Of cases.
Actually, great progress has been
achieved and is being achieved in
the development Of comprehension
Evening star., 1945-10-29

proving the Dutch British opera
tions, but a measure of disapproval
is implied, at least to the extent of
emphasizing that we are now neu-
tral in the situation.
In the circumstances, though he
could perhaps be bit more vigor-
Gus and precise in defining it, Sec
retary Byrnes seems to be pursuing
the most feasible policy at his dis
posal. His representation to the
British and Dutch, of course, apply
to all other countries having lease
lend material received from us.
This material, when used as in Java,
should most certainly not carry our
insignia. Indeed, there is some
thing surprising, if not shocking, in
the fact that any government has
had to be formally notified to this
effect
Evening star., 1945-10-29
White House Outgrown
By Raym ond M oIey

The report of Ferdinand Eberstadt to
Secretary of Navy Forrestal goes q long
>way toward providing case for the
Navy against merger of the War and
Navy Departments. It is not list OF
objections, but an attempt to show what
can be done, short Of a merger, to CORE
late essential military services in both
Army and Navy.
Mr. Eberstadts report does not, how
ever, come to grips with the essential
problem, which pertains not to the de-
partments involved, but to the White
House In all our history up to the
present, it has been assumed that the
coordination of the Army and Navy
was to be through the Commander in
Chief. He was to weigh and decide
their innumerable and interminable
differences. He was to provide the
necessary link between foreign policy
and military readiness. He was to see
that civilian production was adequate
to supply the services with military
material.
That could measurably be done in a
10Th century America. At times, 1t was
possible in prewar America. But q
postwar America has outgrown a 10th
century and prewar presidency.
Unless that is recognized, Mr.. Truman
will take his place with many other
predecessors, who either fumbled their
job or were crushed by 1t. The miracle
is that the Nation has escaped disaster,
because Presidents have been expected
to do more than Providence has enabled
one man to do. Pearl Harbor, the
fumbling of war production, the endless
experiments with price and wage con-
troll and the present diplomatic stale
mate all testify to the inadequacy Of
the presidency as a co-ordimting Office.
The current Army-Navy argument
over unifcation illustrates the problem
once more President Roosevelt tried
the device Of using Admiral Leahy as :
sort e nssistant connmGnder ID chief.
Evening star., 1945-10-29

The political leaders of the three great
powers rejected, at San Francisco, the
thesis that great powers must be sub
Ject to any law governing their sover-
eign actions, and in the name Of law,
esta blished lawlessness for the powerful
and servitude for the weak.
The political leaders of the three great
powers threw into the wastepaper bas-
ket at Potsdam every shred of historical
and ethnographical principle and hu-
man rights. BY extending the frontiers
of Poland under a thoroughly unrep-
resentative government to the Oder
and the Neisse, and agreeing to the
appropriation and deportation of indi-
genous populations, they compounded
the crimes of Hitler himself-the very
crimes of which the Nazi leaders stand
accused before the world-and con-
demned millions of absolutely helpless
men, women and children to terror,
migration and starvation.
BY agreeing to divide vast parts of
europe into zones within each of which
four armies would have, in effect, unre-
stricted license to do as they pleased,
they made inevitable the division Of
Europe into two blocs, and the break
down of the London Conference.
BY agreeing, In the name of "repara-
tions" and industrial disarmament"
to a four-way loot in countries already
devastated beyond imagination, they
initiated in the name of peace a new
scorched- policy; set adrift the
last remnants of order: betrayed the
hopes and prayers of all Christendom,
and sowed the seeds of anarchy, nihil-
ism and despair.
All this was done while the United
States had the mightiest Army, Navy
and Air Force the world had ever SEEN
and the atomic bomb on the verge of
perfection.
Let us then, face the realty. Univer-
sal military training is not for the
enforcement Of peace" 1t is asked
because there is no peace - in our
consciences, our minds, our hearts, our
policies, our societies. 1t is asked in
the frantic hope that the great nations,
estimating each others terrifying power
and maneuvering against each other
over the means of the real peace
lovers" - the suffering, sacrificing, be-
lieving, hoping and broken-hearted
people of the world-will fear to attack
each other. lest the result be mutual
humiliation.
This is our peace, for which the
youngest and noblest died.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Army Service Forces

This war has been prolific pro-
ducer of slogans, notices and pithy
phrases of the sighted sub, sank
same" variety For sheer, self-ad-
mitted brashness, however, there
has been nothing to surpass the
slogan of the Army Service Forces
THE Impossible We Do at Once;
the Miraculous Takes Little
Longer"
Neither has there been any war
time performance to surpass that
of the ASF. Under the direction of
General Brehon Somervell, who will
retire when General Marshall steps
down as Chief of Staff, tremendous
job was done. The ASF recruited,
fed and housed the troops. They
supplied the Army with material,
they purchased the supplies, de-
signed the machines of war, moved
the freight, transported the troops
around the world and organized the
production of multitude of new
weapons-from penicillin for use in
the fight against infection to the
atomic bomb which delivered the
final knockout blow against Japan.
From time to time there was crit
icism of one project or another,
but when the real history of this
war Is written 1t will credit the
ASF with truly magnificent
achievement.
It should be noted, and more than
incidentally, that the ASF, by the
end of the wars second year, had
recruited more than 80 per cent of
it's force from civilian life-from
industry, the railroads, universities,
banks, businesses and the profess
sions. Also drawn upon heavily were
the techniques of "big business"
and in the end the job was done.
The impossible" if not the "mirac-
ulous," had been achieved. Yet
General Somervell would be the first
to say that never again should this
country be called upon to do the
impossible in time of war. If we
should ever have to fight again we
must rely, not on eleventh-h hour
miracles, but on adequate advance
preparation.
Evening star., 1945-10-29
This Changing w orld
By Constantine Bro,Cn

President Truman's Navy Day speech
in New York came as breeze Of fresh
air in world so full Of uncertainty
that no one knows what tomorrow may
bring.
There has been much criticism at
home and abroad over the implication
that the foreign policy of the United
States, the strongest power in the world,
was based on expediencies and appeared
fiuctuating and undetermined.
President Truman has set definite
course which no one, either in this
country or abroad, can henceforth mis-
construe 1t represents the essence OF
Americas practical idealism.
Mr.. Truman arrived in the White
House i'll prepares on matters Of foreign
affairs. After six hard months he was
able to tell the world that Americas
foreign policies "are based firmly on
righteousness and justice. In carrying
out those principles we shall firmly ad-
here to what we believe to be right and
we shall not give our approval to any
compromise with the evil"
To many skeptics these may sound as
fine words, since they have been heard
before.
But President Truman amplified
these generalities by setting forth a
number of definite principles and said:
THAT is the foreign policy which guides
the United States now. That is the for
eign policy with which it confidently
faces the future" He reiterated the fact
that we seek mo territorial expansion
or selfish advantage" This has been
well known to all our Allies, but serves
to set at rest subversive rumors that
our policy in the Far East Is prompted
by the desire for an exclusive monopoly
for our industrial and financial interests
in that section of the world, particularly
in China.
1--WE believe" Mr.. Truman said, ain
the eventual return to sovereign rights
and self-government to all peoples who
have been deprived of them by force.
We shall approve no territorial changes
In any part of the world unless they
accord with the freely expressed wishes
of the people concerned"
This frank statement must be music
to the ears of the tens of millions in
Central Europe. in the Balkans and in
the Near East, where these sound prin-
ciples for democracy and lasting peace
are being so sadly ignored The word
eventual" was inserted to give time
to foreign liberating armies to evacuate
these territories.
The Koreans and others in the Far
East will certainly take notice of the
Presidents statement that I'VE believe
Evening star., 1945-10-29

that all peoples who are prepared for
self-government should be permitted to
choose their own form Of govern
ment. ."
President Truman made very clear
the position of this country concerning
the "puppet governments imposed on
nations In Eastern Europe and likely to
be imposed on other nations in Asia,
when he stated that I'VE shall refuse to
recognize any government imposed on
any nation by the force Of any foreign
power
Because we are already confronted
with number of accomplished facts,
Mr.. Truman provided the only solution
worthy of peace-loying nation by stat
ing "in some cases 1t may be impos-
sible to prevent forceful imposition OF
such a government. But the United
States will not recognize any such gov
ernment."
He expressed himself on the question
which may appear Of relative import
ance to the casual observer but Is con-
sidered as highly explosive by the Dip
lomats who attend the London confer
ence. The question Of equal rights to
the navigation of international rivers
such as the Danube, the Rhine and the
Elbe-and waterways, such as the Dar-
danelles, was one of the principal rea-
sons for the failure of the London con-
ference. The USSR maintained a policy
of unilateral control which the other
major nations were compelled to reject.
Mr.. Truman stated, I'VE believe that all
nations should have the freedom of the
seas and equal rights to the navigation
of boundary rivers and waterways and
Of rivers and waterways which pass
through more than one country"
Finally, in order to dispel the impress
sion which may have been created re-
Gently in South American republics that
the Monroe Doctrine has been complete
ly abandoned, Mr.. Truman set forth our
policies in that section Of the world by
stating: 1--WE believe that the sovereign
states of the Western Hemisphere, with
out any interference from outside, must
work together as good neighbors in the
solution of their common problems"
~
Mr.. Truman's speech Is regarded by
experienced observers as being by far
the most important made in recent
times High-ranking military and Dip
lomatic observers have been handicap
ped frequently in their actions because
they did not know what Americas for
eign policy was. This policy now has
been set on straight course and 1t is
hoped that nothing untoward will hap
pen to change it.
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Super Atomic

oh, bright uranium, HON terrible your
anger!
HotD st0ift your vengeance on the race
OF man.
And man tDho forced your secret strong.
hold
Inriolats from tinss,s beginning-
NotD shudders on the chasm's crgmblsns
rim
Above the sudden pold.
appalled,. he casts Dild plonces back.
tUdrd
At his lost porld's beauty.
The sands run lop. Clouds darken.
Is there yet Time to stag obltuton9
One chance remains,
One final challenge to the keen nsind,s
Man. tireless seeker, thinker incons-
parable,
Rensoner sublime,
Search out In haste the only untnpped
force,
Search out the rare uranium, OF the soul.
Release Its ultimate poiDeT,
Its cdtaclysntic beauty.
Al, at the touch of that spark.
What glad upsurge OF compassion,
What light, U11dt pdedn of foyf
For the source Of this potrer Is God
And the name OF the atom Is Loue.
MEz BARCLAY KIRBY.
Evening star., 1945-10-29

1t was, in many ways, good device and
1t might well be set up as a permanent
legal institution under which the War
and Navy Departments could continue
as before. The Leahy job apparently
did not involve issuing orders and direc-
tives, but consisted Of serving as eyes
and ears for the President In all things
relating to the two services. Much de-
pended on Admiral Leahy's personal
qualities and much more depended on
his understanding of the unique working
habits of President Roosevelt.
That sort of mediatory agent, not
merger of the departments, is what is
needed. 1t is the President who needs
help, and the setting up Of single de-
A few years ago the President was
given, by law, six assistants. Much to-do
was uttered at the time about their
anonymity" which was an irrelevant
issue. Congress limited their salary to
$4,000, and President Roosevelt, with
his genius for bad selections, appointed
Office boys to the jobs. They served
only minor purposes, because they never
were. in effect, assistants to the Presi-
dent.
~
If these jobs could be rehabilitated,
with superior appointees. not 0nly the
correlation needed In the Army-Navy
case, but In many other instances could
be provided
Department heads are busy with adj
ministrative duties. Setting up COM
mittees of such heads looks like CO.
ordination, but 1t isn't. What Is needed
is a set Of men to assist the President
who have no administrative duties, who
are not policy makers, but who can
interpret and correlate policy for an
overworked President, This has been
done In the past, unbfhcially. It can
be done under oflcial status. But the
men chosen must be big enough TO win
the confidence Of Congress and OF the
cabinet.
tlslssssd b. the Asscsaatsd NswspaDsfs nal
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Later Fashions in War
From the Manchester Guardian

From the Manchester Guardian
1t has often been said that when gem
eral STATS see new war threaten they
prepare against 1t on the lines of the
last. No doubt that tendency will still
have its effect, but for the future 1t
should have been made weaker than
ever befores by the discovery of the
atomic bomb. The glory of our fighter
pilots In 1910 has passed into history
like the archers of Crecy and the thin
red line of Waterloo. We shall never
win battle in that way again. Theirs
was short-lived technique. The Roman
legion held its own for centuries, and
through many of the wars of modern
times the cavalry charge was depend.
able instrument. But 1t will be surpris-
ing If ever again we see massed bombers
flying to meet fighter opposition in the
daytime-even though war took this
shape to the last in Japan. If a desire
that civilization shall survive does not
provide the means Of ending war. and II
scientists can take the last remaining
steps, we may expect to see next time
the general use of long-range proiectiles.
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Letters to The Star
Wants Station Plaza Brought
Up to Date
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The STAR
Washington is assured of its super
stadium-most thanks to Senator Bilbo,
the mayor" And 1t is to be just the
sort of structure that the Nations
Capital rates. Pressing for an early
start of its construction, Mr.. Bilbo relies
for collateral on the imperative need of
a fit place in which to hold the next
Olympic Games. An adequate "hostep
is essential in order for the United
States to be host to the Olympics in
1948
But long-standing National Capital
need of paramount import also is that
for simplifying progress in and through
the Washington Terminal Plaza. Even
this layman appreciates, Of course, "en-
gineering difficulties" and the epstliness
involved. But American engineers are
never stumped and Americans are never
deferred by costs from doing the needed.
Besides, this terminal was opened in
1907. It's plaza should have been mod
ernized by 1915.
No pedestrian can enter or leave
Washington Terminal without grade
crossing wheel-trafflc rights of way.
Lately we have got going at elimination
of one-grade levels in our circles, with
Dupont Circle next on the program.
Yet none of these is comparable for
situations with the Terminal Plaza con-
fusion. Washington now is the Worlds
Capital, and its one railroad station
plaza therefore should measure up"
Omitting ourselves, we Americans ought
not to compel even Olympics to duck
and dodge trucks, taxis, trolleys, buses,
private automobiles when they journey
to Washington in 1948. 1t now is time
to commence under-passing, ETC., in
Washington Terminal Plaza.
L
Evening star., 1945-10-29

Of the dificulties of the deaf and
the partially deaf. Better hearing
devices have been invented and
people are more willing to use them
than they once were. The science of
treating the hard Of hearing by
medical and surgical means also is
improving. But most important is
the growth of the cooperative in
stinct. The Second World War has
taught humanity to pull together.
No group is immune from the ben
ef1ts of that tremendous lesson.
Evening star., 1945-10-29
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

On Tuesday. President Truman ad-
dressed Congress on the necessity of
universal military training in peacetime
Wednesday, Secretary of State Brynes
signed the text of the protocol of de-
poSit of the United Nations Charter,
which formally brought the World Sc
curity Organization into being, calling
1t memorable day for the peace
loving peoples Of all nations"
There is something strangely ironic
in this combination of events. On one
day it is proposed that the United
States train all its male youth Tor war:
on the next the United Nations OF
the world solemnly covenant to 1--we
together in pea e.
The President says: "The sincerity OF
our intention to support the World
Organization will be judged partly by
our willingness to maintain the power
with which to assist other peace-lovlng
nations to enforce its authority
To enforce its authority over whom?
The only nations not counted among
the peace lovers are utterly vanquished
and Internationally surrendered. The
vietors are about to put on trial as Grim
inals those who resorted to war OF
aggression.
At such a moment the peace lovers"
enter an armament race. Z.
The President says, 'The United
States now has fighting strength
greater than any other time in our his
tory. 1t Is greater than any other ma
ton in the world"
But the President asks for more pow
err. Power for what purpose?
Until we are sure that our peace
machinery is functioning adequately,
we must relentlessly preserve our supe-
riority on land and sea and in the air"
- Research, new materials, and
new weapons will never, by themselves.
be sufficient to withstand powerful
enemy" . .,
What powerful enemy?\ What MEM
Der of the United Nations? Superiority
over whom?
The President makes another plea for
realism" So, by all means, let us look
at the reality.
The reality is that at Teheran, Yalta
San Francisco and Potsdam our politi-
cal leaders gave away the power that
America had built up for the cause OF
justice, liberty and peace. So today
they must ask for more power.
The political leaders of the three great
powers rejected the Atlantic Charter,
first as its provisions applied to the
vanquished, then as its provisions ap-
piled to any nation weak enough to
he b,lllied
Evening star., 1945-10-29
Praise From Patent Office
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
We in the Patent Office cannot over
look this opportunity Of expressing our
appreciation to you for the very fine
series of articles on the problems of the
Patent Office that appeared in The Star
on October 81, % and %.
The accuracy and intelligence with
which these facts have been printed are
an impressive demonstration of the high
standards of Journalism which your
paper and Its reporters represent. We
feel particularly pleased with the man
ner with which Mr.. Douglas has handled
this material.
CASPER OOMs,
Commisisoneg.