davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
LEAF WILT SHOWS
INCREASE IN N. {.

RALEIGH, July 29.-The grow
ing season of 1945 has proved to
be a severe year for bacterial wilt
of tobacco according to reports re-
ceived by plant pathologists at the
State College Agricultural Expert
ment station in Raleigh and the
Branch Tobacco Station at Oxford.
In view of the unusually heavy
infestation of wilt this year OK
ford 26, the new wilt resistant
tobacco, is undergoing a critical
test and growers are urged not to
be seriously alarmed over the
appearance of small amounts OF
bacterial wilt in this variety.
DR.. Thomas E. Smith, Associate
Plant Pathologist, U. S. Depart
ment of Agriculture, located at the
Oxford Branch Station says, I'm
considering the use of Oxford Ut
we need to recognize that it is
highly resistant to bacterial wilt
but is not immune. Tobacco hybrid
lines out of which Oxford 26 was
selected have survived in past
year to the extent of IS to 100
per cent.
Some fields this year are show
ing as much as 10 per cent wilt
disease in localized areas but ]
feel certain that when the average
for an entire crop is considered
no more than a 5 per cent loss will
occur even though wilt is excep-
tionally severe this year"
It should be pointed out the
seedlings are more susceptible
then older plants and that the
date of planting was, in general,
delayed somewhat this year be-
cause of blue mold.
When the recent period of hot
weather came, the plants were
smaller and more susceptible than
they ordinarily would have been
and this may account for some OF
the concern over slightly increased
losses this year. According to the
most complete figures available
some $4,000 to $4,000 acres of Ok.
ford rs have been planted in North
Carolina this year. s1e
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
FORAGE
CROP MEETS SET

RALEIGH July 29.-Dates for
the pasture and forage crop meet
ings in the five Extension districts
of North Carolina have been chang
ed, according to the district agents
of the State College Extension serv-
ice.
The new schedule is as follows:
Clinton, August 2; Windsor, Aug
ust 8; Burlington, August 8; States
vile, August g; and Asheville.
August TO- A full days meeting
will be held in each district and all
conferences are scheduled to begin
at 10 a. m.
County and assistant county
agents from the counties Of each
Extension district will confer with
the specialists from State college
and they will be given the back
ground and research material de-
veloped by the Agricultural Ex-
pertinent Station and the agron-
omy specialists.
A demonstration program will
be worked out for each Extension
district and each county agent
will be asked to select one. or more
farms on which a balanced feed
program may be worked out in
line with the needs of each par
ticular farm.
Based upon the research work of
the Agricultural Experiment sta
ton, a special feed program is
being worked out for North Caro-
lima farmers, dairymen, and beef
cattle growers. Feed production
is now the bottleneck of the state
rapidly expanding livestock indus
try and the research workers real
ize that more feed must be pro
duced, if the industry is to remain
on safe basis for the future. '.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
Excessive Moisture Big
Threat To Stored Leaf

barn room to take care Of the
tobacco, some growers are
building racks and allowing
the tobacco to yellow in the
air before 1t Is put into the
barn.
To prevent the damaging Of
tobacco after 1t Is put in the
packhouse, growers are re-
packing the tobacco on bright
days after it has the oppor-
tunity to dry out some.
With demands for farm la
Dor at a peak, county agents
say that the best method of
meeting the problem is in the
swapping of labor by all farm
families in a given area.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30

RALEIGH, July 29.-Watch
for the damaging of tobacco
in pSckhouses caused by excess
sive moisture conditions, eau
tions Extension specialists at
State College.
Because of continued rains
some farmers have been unable
to get into their fields with
carts and sleds, and have been
forced to carry the tobacco to
the barns. In addition to this
delay in handling the tobacco,
county agents in the southeast
ern belt report that en- the av-
erage it is taking an extra day
to get the tobacco out of the
barn.
Where there is insufficient
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
First Market Was Opened
In Old Store Building
Early In 1881
BY F. II. JETER

Back in February, 1881, Mrs.
Hazel Erwin Wheeler, then home
agent of Halifax County, helped the
home demonstrat club women
of that county to establish curb
market in an old store building in
Roanoke Rapids. The other day,
Mrs. r. B. Robinson, acting for
the Wonan's Market Board, pre-
scented to the County Commission
ers at their regular monthly meet
ing in Halifax a check in final pay
ment of all indebtedness on the new
curb market building which they
began to establish in 1887.
Miss Florence Cox, new home
agent in Halifax county, says that
along with Mrs. Robinson were
Mrs. w. E. Powell, president of the
Wonan's Board, and Mrs. Vann
Dortch.
This Roanoke Rapids Curb Mar
ket was opened in February, 1881,
in an old store building which was
obtained rent free for the rural wo-
men by William Manning, superin-
tendent of the Rosemary Manufac-
turing Company. Mr.. Manning's
fine mother, Mrs. Fannie Manning,
had much to do with the early sue
cess of the market and the rural
women called her the mother of
their market. She encouraged the
women to carry on in despite OF all
difficulties and tried to make the
way easier for them.
In January, 1887, the women
were compelled to find another site
for their market. They failed in all
their efforts to secure another
building so in March, 1887, they
moved out on the street and, in
actually, became curb market.
Mrs. Robinson relates how they
used card tables and old counters
from the store building Tor dis
play purposes. The perishable food
was kept in the cars away from the
flies until it could be sold. There
was no protection from sun, wind,
dust, or rain.
w luld1ll I1dlt ID odW Cl1C P41Sl1G VI
the women and rented to them, for
a small sum, part of building
that he was using for storage in
downtown Roanoke Rapids. But the
women had been busy since early
in the year trying to determine
what they could do towards get
ting a permanent location. A com
mite of rural women went before
the county commissioners and pre-.
scented the needs for a building ano
asked for financial aid in securing
a market place. The Commission
ers were interested and finally
bought lot on which to erect such
a building. Then they said that i
the women would raise $1,000 with
which to start the building, the
commissioners would finance i
with the understanding that the wo
men would repay the balance II
small monthly payments.
So they all went to work. They
canvassed everyone who could pos
sibly be expected to help. After
much hard work they secured ST..
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
Halifax County Wonen's
Curb Market Successful

900 in cash which they turned over
to the Board of Commissioners.
Then began a struggle for the 9TH
er $1,000. 1t was raised in many
ways. Four big barbecue dinners
were served to the KiWanis Club
of Roanoke Rapids, to the Lions
Club of Littleton, and to the gen.
eral public. These were held at the
Hardware School, the couxiy fair
grounds, the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
L. T. Barbour, and at the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. r. B. Robinson.
The several home demonstration
clubs all over Halifax County gave
suppers and donated all profits to
the curb market. In fact, Mrs. Ro-
binson says, there was no end to
the suppers, and to the selling OF
sandwiches, ice cream, lunches,
and produce at the market to raise
more money. In each case the food
was donated by the women and the
entire proceeds given to the build
ing fund. Money secured as pre-
miums at fairs also was added to
the fund.
Finally, in November, 1887. the
building was opened with a big
turkey dinner and this helped to
produce the last dollar i1eeded for
obtaining the second $1,000. Since
that time the small monthly pay
ments have been met and now the
women own the building clear of
all debt. Since 1912, when Mrs.
Wheeler retired from home agent
work on account of her health,
Florence Cox and Mrs. Estelle Ed
wards Garner, the assistant home
agent, have helped the women to
carry on and Mrs. Robinson says,
''they greatly aided us to make
the final payment on the Farm
Women's Curb Market Building"
The value of this market is hard
to estimate but rural people all
over Halifax County could tell in
teresting stories of how the sales
of surplus produce has been respon-
sible for the addition of many COM
forts and necessities to the farm
homes out in the county. In the
first year of its existence, that is
in 1881, the women sold products
in the amount of $500. 16. Last
year, 1914, the sales amounted to
$40, 437 .43. The total cash value OF
all sales made since 1881, accord
ing to records kept by the mar
ket, amount to 1874, 430.36. This
means that nearly $780, 600 has
been distributed among the rural
families largely for small amounts
of prodzee that was not needed on
the home farm.
Similar stories could be told
about the markets in Charlotte, in
Wilmington, Rocky Mount, and 9TH
er towns where the home demons
tration club women have definitely
established high standards of quail
ity for the farm produce which they
offer for sale. The Rocky Mount
market, for instance, has become
the measuring rod for such insti-
tutions all over the United States.
The same is true of the one at Will
son. Visitors from other states and
from foreign countries have been
advised by governmental officials
to visit these markets when study
ing similar set-ups for their people.
A number of markets for Negro
farmers also have been established
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30

and these have had the effect OF
doubling home production OF 1000 a
stuffs on those farms Where Nc W.
owners supply material for tne
market counters. Now that certain
kinds of food are scarce oii ~
shelves of the regular retail stores >.
these markets are more 1mportan'
than ever and are being patronlz,-
cd to the point where they have won
= permanent place after the war !
and its resulting food saoi 'ae "
over
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
Acc Railway Company
!. Gets .New Locomotives

NEW BERN, July 20. - Three
new Diesel locomotives have been
purchased by the Atlantic and
East Carolina Railway company,
for delivery in December. Two
Diesel engines are already in use,
but they are mainly assigned to
switching cars at roadyards. The
new locomotives will be used on
regular passenger and freight
trains. One cost $4,000 and the
other two cost $125, 1000 each.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
NEW TAX

JERUSALEM, July 20. = up -
Palestine announced today a 10 per
cent war profits tax against com m,
panies and cooperative societies.
designed to yield $8,0O0,Ooo, ooo. an !,
nually. An increase in individual
income tax rates and various GUS
tom. and excise duties was pro
claimed earlier 4 =. -: .-.l:! =
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30

The use of asbestos can be trac-
ed back to ancient times. 1t was
used for wicks in the lamps of
Vestal Virgins, and as crema-
tion cloth by the Romans.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-30
PROTEST

LIVERPOOL, July % N :
More than 10000 railwaymen in the
Liverpool area were idle today IN
a s'no Sunday work. protest seek
ing to enforce a 10-point plan for
improving wages and working con-
ditions. Eleven. outgoing and SIX
incoming trains were Withdrawn al
one Liverpool, station.
One Il the most valuable books
in the world is copy OF Milton S
"Lycidae,' with corrections in MS
own handwriting.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-12-20
.REVElS (AYT0N ADDED
TO NEGRO CONGRESS STAFF

~ NEUkV lVNVkES9 9IATT
NEW YORK, Dec. 20 (ANP). =
DR.. Max Yergan, president of the
National Negro congress, has an
nounced the appointment of Revels
Cayton to the national staff of NNC
as executive secretary. A well
known trade union leader on the
west coast, Mr.. Cayton participated
in the great maritime strike there
in 1884. Since that time he has been
active in the maritime industry,
serving as business agent for the
Marine Cooks and Stewards asso-
citation for a period of three years,
and as secretary-treasurer of the
Bay Area council of the Maritime
federation.
During his long period of asso-
citation with the maritime industry,
Mr.. Cayton frequently "went to
sea-" and was off the Coast of Japan
when war was declared in 1941. He
later became national field repre-
sentative of the CIO, and is at pres
ent an officer in Local 2, Ship
scalers and Painters union, ILWU,
and one of the senior vice presidents
of the California State CIO council.
In making known Mr.. Cayton's
appointment, DR.. Yergan said, "The
National Negro congress is indeed
fortunate in securing the services
of Mr.. Cayton. He brings to NNC
the experience of a long association
with a section of the trade union
movement that has been most out
standing in it's fight for full inte-
grafton of the Negro people. AS
executive secretary Of NNC, a great
deal of Mr.. Cayton's work will be
devoted to strengthening the unity
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-12-20

solution of the many problems fac
ing all Americans today"
Laurel outlook., 1945-08-08
The Outlook Says:

Mrs. N. B. Eshom left Monday
for Rochester, Mimi, where she
took her seven-year-old son, Coy
Eshom, to the Mayo clinic for eye
examination.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Lumsdon and
family spent the weekend the
guests of relatives in Rapelje.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Danes of Bill
lings were guests Sunday of Mr..
mad Mrs. August Metzger.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Gerard are
spending a weeks vacation at their
cabin at East Rosebud lake.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Frank were
hosts at Sunday supper for Rev.
c.. Strobel and daughter Betty.
Mr.. and Mrs. Philip Popp of Bill
lings were guests Friday of MI.
and Mrs. j. j. Krug.
Dan Fox, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
George Fox, has received his dis
charge and returned home after
several years service overseas.
Laurel outlook., 1945-08-08
Laurel Happenings

Mrs. Neil Baker, whose husband
left recently to enter the service,
departed this week with their sons,
Bobby and Jimmy for Spokane,
Wash, to make their home for the
duration.
Mr.. and Mrs. Alex wager and
family spent Friday to Sunday on
a tour of Yellowstone park.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Boylan had
as guests Monday Mr. Boylan's
mother, brother and sister-in-law,
Mrs. Mary Boylan, Mr.. and Mrs.
Richard Boylan, all of Fishtail.
Laurel outlook., 1945-08-08
Own Store Since 1909

wiler is the son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Andrew Manwiler of Boyd.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Gerard and
son and daughter, Bobby and Bar
bara, left Tuesday to spend several
days in Yellowstone park prior to
Mr.. Gerard's leaving for induction,
Aug. Is.
Laurel outlook., 1945-08-08

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Manwiler, a
recently married couple were hon.
ored Sunday evening at a wedding
dance at the l.. L. club. About a
hundred guests were in attendance.
The bride, the former Miss Eleanor
Metzger is the daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Chris Metzger. Mr.. Man
Laurel outlook., 1945-08-08
CALENDAR

Tuesday, Aug. IA.
The regular meeting of the Wo
men of the Moose will be held at
8 p. m. at the L. l.. club.
Grain Exchange
The Winnipeg Grain Exchange
was formed in 1903.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
Open First Negro
VFW Post In Dixie

BIRMINGHAM AMP - Biz
mingham last week became the
first southern city TO legally es-
tablish a Negro post of the Vet
Grams of Foreign Wars. Archie Will
liams, founder. announced.
The new post Is named the julius
Ellsberry post, in honor OF the Bir-
mingham sailor who was the first
citizen from Jefferson county TO
give his life for his country in
World War H.
Joe Donaburg, state commander
Of the VFW. T. c. Spangerburg.
state chaplain. and George D. KeI-
ley, past commander, officially
awarded the post charter with in
spring ceremonies.
Archie Williams. founder. was
elected honorary member and state
service officer.
Mr.. Williams announced that the
post will launch a 800, members
by Christmas" drive. Office of the
post is located at 625 Masonic Tenn
pie. Every new member must be-
come qualified voter. Mr.. VIII
liams said.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18

almost overcome the young hero,
trying to get identification Of those
whom he had brought out.
When he was finally released
from the hospital. Maurice was the
hero of the neighborhood. Children
came from everywhere all through
the evening to hear him recount
his exploits. Tuesday he was guest
Of one woman in the neighborhood
for lunch.
He hopes that his shoulder will
not give him so much trouble that
he cannot play on the baseball
team at the high school where he
goes And he wants to continue
his collections OF geological speci-
mems in which he takes a great
deal OF interest. Just last week.
his mother said. she went TO the
laundry 10 wash and found four
frogs and a snake in the tubs.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18

Of the women to safety. AS he was
entering the second time for other
victims, a woman fell from the
second floor. hitting him on the
right shoulder and crushing her
skull at his feet.
According to Maurice, there
was one Negro man who helped
him at the time by carrying the
Women to q safe distance As he
brought them out Of the building.
Il didn't know" said Mrs. Wash,
that Maurice was even involved
until a neighbor who heard the
account over the radio came to tell
me. went then to the Receiving
hospital. where police had taken
him, and found him in the X-rsy
room"
Before the police arrived on the
scene. relatives and friends Of the
people trapped in the building had
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
Boy
CONTINUED from Page u

CONTINUED from Page II
club fire on Vernon between John
r. and Woodward in early l920s.
A proud mother told the story
OF her sons heroic deeds Tuesday
while the boy was at the hospital
for further treatment of his injury.
1T is not at all surprising to me-"
said Mrs. Wash. that Maurice did
what he did to help the victims
in the horrible explosion Monday
afternoon. He has always been a
boy who enjoyed helping others
at all times"
Maurice was across the street
from the plant "fiddling with his
bicycle" when the tragedy oc-
Cured.
II heard screams and saw flames
and ran across the street and push
ed open a door, he said.
HE HELPED out one woman,
then another. and on and on until
he had saved seven. While extri-
eating the seventh he was hit by
a woman who had fallen from a
floor above He probably saved this
woman's life by breaking the fall.
Happy that her son was no more
seriously wounded than a sprain
OF his right shoulder, Mrs. Wash
was somewhat spprehensive Of the
effect OF his seeing the horrors.
Maurice could not sleep last
night" she said. "He tossed In
bed for a while and several times
got up and sat In chair"
MAURICE. the oldest Of three
children Of Mr.. and Mrs. George
Wash. will be rs on August 81. He
is in the tenth grade at North
western High school. According
to his mother, he has always been
an industrious boy who has work.
ed and saved his money.
Last summer he was a volunteer
member Of the crop corps who
w VI htu at Adi ltlDll, NIlNii., w ltlp
harvest the crops so badly needed
for food in the war effort.
This summer. he has worked at
drug store and saved more than
$3.50. With a part of his earnings
he had bought a new bicycle which
he was taking to repair shop at
Grand River and Warren avenues
when the explosion took place. AS
he left the shop he heard the first
blast and then saw the enveloping
flames that roared up.
-
HEARING THE SCREAMS. he
crossed the street to find that a
group OF hysterical women were
trying vainly to open a door. With
his steel-capped heels he kicked in
the door and entered TO help some
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
FrouIeins Meet
Negro Troops
And Like I'm

BERLlN-Fraulein is now
fraternizing with the most
non-Aryan race on earth.
And apparently she loves
il.
When Georgia. George Bass
drove six-ton quartermaster
truck into Berlin this week a mild
revolution took place among the
Berlin blondes and ex-Nazi gigolos
who stood about and stared.
'Schwarze Amerikaners" gasped
The Berlin girls. which is German
for black Americans" and there
was pell nell rush 10 see il what
the Fuehrer had said about Ne
groes was true or false.
Bass and his group OF some
dozen els strobe into the Femina
cabaret on the afternoon Of Aug.
II. lined up at the bar and ordered
cocktails" an innocuous pink
drink without trace Of alcohol.
And soon on the old stamping
grounds Of Adolph Hitler they
were dancing with the prettiest
and blondest barmaids and habi-
tutes in the house.
The appearance OF colored SOL
diers here has caused an unex-
pected sensation. Apparently the
Berlin frsuleins have forgotten all
their Aryan inhibitions at the
sight Of the giant colored non
Aryans with their well-ftting uni
forms and flashing smiles.
He always was favorite with
the girls" said Mrs. John Leslie Of
Chicago. an aunt Of Bass. who
heard Of the incident through a
Chicago newspaper
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
Mss. Whcsey Rep'uces
Davis For NY. Council

NEW YORK. - Tammany Hall
named Mrs. Ruth Whitehead Wha-
ley its candidate for the City
Council this week, in place OF
Benjamin ]. Davis Jr. Communist
councilman.
Davis was forced of the Tam
many slate by William O'Dwyer.
Democratic and American Labor
candidate for mayor.
Mrs. Whaley has been a mem
Der Of the speakers bureau Of
Tammany Hall since 1924. and
was Harlem campaign manager of
O'Dwycr when he ran for mayor
in 1871. ~
A graduate OF Fordham univer.
sity Law school. she has a law Of
zee at 277 Broadway. is counsel
Tor the New York City Colored
Women's Federation and chair
man Of the radio committee OF
the National Council OF Negro
Women
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
Surrender
Continued from Page u
stories Of the trials and tribu-
lations Of this division.


A MAJOR development in the
Use OF Negro soldiers was the in.
PRODUCTION Of Negroes into the
Marine Corps and their subSe-
puent featS ot valor al Guam,
Ssipan. Two Jims and Okinawa.
These marines added pages Of ex-
PLOTS 70 the already over-crowd-
ed annals Of the United States
Marine Corps.
In the Coast Guard and the
Navy. the tremendous JOB Of sup
ply. escort and hghting the enemy
was shared by the tan YsnkS. who
disiir euished themselves on bat
tleshipS, aircraft carriers. cargo
vessels and escort uni.S Of AL types
IN THE LESS spectacular field
81 construction. barracks building,
trucking and the like the scores
of engineer and qusrtermas'cr
units stationed from Australia "a
the Burma Road did hear; break
inr and back breaking work 20
virtually build the highway 10
Tokyo"
The tremendous collection and
dispersal depois IN the Hawaiian
Islands were the stations Of many
thousands ~ Negro troops through
out he Pacific war
So excellent was the record of
rornhst ard non-cCmbat Negro !
troops In the Pacific. that General
Dou-las Macarthur told Walter
White. national secretary OF the
NAACP. Race is no factor IN
fzhtng ability
TIE victory over Japan is trib-
", 10 alLsoi ;he f:h,inE men Of
the United States armed services.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-18
Two Girls
Continued from Page u

(COnIinued from rage ~
Van Zile set bond at $1,000 for the
youthful college coed. Miss Jack
son shot Crawford on Aug. 3 dur
ing an argument with the florist
in his shop at 1918 Oakland avenue
Without any show of emotion,
Theresa Evans. 81, of 1920 Ben
ton. pleaded not guilty to charges
OF numbering George Redd, SO,
Of 1865 Cardoni. night watch
man at the Board of Education.
Redo was found dead in his
automobile last Tuesday morning
after he crashed into a barber shop
at Vernon highway and Hastings
street. Investigation by police re-