davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-14
4 This Changing World
By Constantine BrotOn

Senator Tom Connally, the chairman
OF what used to be described as the
Senate's powerful" Foreign Relations
Committee, is negotiating with his for
nler colleague, Secretary OF State
Byrnes, to establish a liaison committee
which would meet at the State Depart
ment every week and find out what Is
going on in the field of our interna-
tional relations.
The Texas Senator Is said to have
been prompted to take this step be-
cause he feels that his committee has
about as hard time as the newspaper
and radio reporter In getting positive
information on our relations with other
powers.
The appointment Of Mr.. Byrnes as
Secretary OF State was well received,
although 1t was known that his ex-
perience in foreign affairs was limited.
Until he went to. the Yalta Conference
as an observer he showed little interest
In international affairs. While . men,
Der Of the Senate he had not been q
member Of the Foreign Relations Com
mittee and had never shown any par
ticular interest in foreign affairs. His
appointment was received warmly, in
spite OF these shortcomings, because
1t was realized that q Secretary of
State is not required to be an expert"
on international matters.
Soon after he took over the State De-
partment, the most important in the
Government, he announced he would
streamline 1t.
His predecessor, Edward Stettinius,
had started on that road, but his efforts
were confined to bringing in men from
other departments and modernizing the
State Departments badly furnished
and poorly decorated rooms.
Mr.. Byrnes continued the stream
lining by intrusting this task to q COM
mittee Of four from the Budget Bureau,
The State Department is now by way
OF being so changed that to impartial
observers 1t looks more cockeyed than
streamlined. The personnel has been
increased SO greatly that the old build
ing which once had enough room for
War Department officials as well, now
has room for only the State Depart
ment officials.
A number OF private buildings had
TO be leased to make room for the new
thousands OF men who are blueprintinp
the new world. There is a plan afoot
to purchase an entire block on Penn
sylvania avenue, across the street from
the Department. and to erect q monu-
mental building sufficiently large for
its vast personnel.
Evening star., 1945-11-14

OF all our armed forces. Above every
thing else, as chief Of the Army Air
Forces-whose autonomy he advo-
Gates and whose development he be-
lieves may eventually reduce the I'M
portance Of mass armies and navies
he warns that Offensive and de-
fensive air power in q state Of i'm
mediate readiness" must be "the
primary requisite Of national sur
vival."
If 1t cannot prevent war-and GER
tainly 1t should tend to inhibit war
makers "a prepared America. an
America second to none in military
and scientific strength. would at
least be serving the cause OF It's own
survival. In appealing for such an
America, General Arnold stands on
interchangeable ground. In the kind
OF era now opening up. 1t would
be suicidal folly for the American
people not to pay heed to him.
Evening star., 1945-11-14

OF course this step is only tentative
80 Tar. 1t has not been the subject of
any Official announcement. It Is oh.
viously trial balloon=the Russians
want to see how it will work. It calls
for the utmost responsibility and oh.
Jecuvity on the part of the American
and British newsmen In Moscow. There
is no reason to believe that it will not
be so dealt with. These correspondents
all realize how important It is to the
future relations between Russia and
the West that the Russians should per-
ceive by our works that our words are
possessed Of substance. We have been
talking great deal about the barriers
to good fellowship and understanding
NOW the Russians have removed, at
least for the time being, ono Of those
barriers.
This is . great step forward. It's q
momentous decision, from the Russian
point OF view. It must have been taken
after considerable discussion, pro and
con, In high Russian circles. It NAV
mean q very great deal to this troubled
world II 1t is followed by other changes
Of Ike pature.
It saems to lift at least the edges Of
the dark cloud Of pessimism which de-
scended over us after the failure OF the
London Conference Of Foreign Mini
sters, and which has been made even
darker by irresponsible outbursts from
many sources In our own country and
In other western nations. II the bar
riers Of mistrust and misunderstanding
between Russia and the West can be
fully swept away, we shall find our
present worries over such matters
as the atomic bomb, the future of
Germany and Japan, the chaos and
starvation In Europe. and the organi-
ration Of the world community for the
betterment Of living conditions every
where, well on the road to satisfactory
solution.
tcssvrishA 1s4S,
Evening star., 1945-11-14
Sky Picture
Al day I watched pale tuchsia smoke

Al day watched pale tHchsi6 smoks
curl high .
Above the purple dust a. overture
For greet cloud-stallions to stdmpede
the sky
And thought It but q jontdsy to lure
The mind dtcdy from crief. But 10.
thet came
Ssorting their Day scross the stretch
OF blue
That spdnned the storms black path.
Quick spurts Of fame
Arose from sparks their pounding
footprints dreD
Out OF q too-taH peak. Then breast to
breast
The gentle mare like runners cleared
the hill
Shading NTH steepiechass the sagls's
~. nest,
And paulting stars NTH not singIs
spill:
Close On their heels. scsmpsrsd TIE
ponv-pets
Tg8gltHg their tails n r6inboU lnsidts
RUBY MTIzER ROBERTS.
Evening star., 1945-11-14
Letters to The Star
Universal Service Considered Is
Debt to the Dead

To the Editor Of The star:
Those who have suffered the stun
ming impact Of the cruel words KILLED
in action" in kilograms received from
the War Department surely are en-
titled to an opinion and voice in the
matter Of the current proposition to re-
quire Of our youth . years military
training or conscription. They have
reason to be shocked and outraged at
the lack Of patriotism; callous indiffer-
ence, and supreme selfishness Of those
who are unwilling to make the slight
sacrifice needed to safeguard the coun-
try and maintain the security for which
unnumbered thousands Of our boys gave
their lives. Various lines of specious
argument and wishful thinking are ad-
vanced in the effort to justify or excuse
or rationalize the opposition to the
years compulsory service. These need
not be considered here; but back of 1t
all is unwillingness on the part Of
sophomore youngsters and selfish
mothers to devote q not unbeneficial
year to the service and security OF their
country. Tho gold-star parents also
did not like to give up their beloved
sons for years Of interruption of their
lives. and unspeakable military effort.
hardship, danger, injury and death.
Yet the slackers object to giving a mere
year to training under far less arduous
conditions In peacetime. They re-
ceive benefit from the security afforded
them by the sacrifices Of the soldiers:
but they are unwilling to give a little
In return. They were not worth fight
ing for.
The selfish, pacinstic, and the senti-
mental opposition to the maintenance
Of national defense is an insult to the
memory Of the dead; 1t is an affirma-
ton that the cause and the country for
which they gave up their lives are not
worth defending or preserving. It is
q betrayal OF the dead. q reputation Of
the debt owed to them: a breaking Of
faith with those who died. 1t is grossest
ingratitude. 1t is the setting up Of
supreme selfishness against supreme
sacrifice.
Nature and history-and politics-will
take their inexorable course. II that
course is set to lead to the defenseless-
ness, the defeat and the loss of the
country. the blame will fall on the
slackers and the fools; and they will
share in the ruin as well. If they fail
or are false to their duty, then the
entrances to our military cemeteries
should carry the inscription: "They Died
in Vain" IN
Evening star., 1945-11-14
Pressure Groups

OPA Administrator Chester
Bowles would be entitled to an
award of some sort II he had been a
bit more specific in denouncing
pressure groups during his appear
ance before the House Small Busi-
ness Committee. But 1t is diff1cult to
tell, despite the vehemence Of his
language, whether he was after big
game or little game.
Mr.. Bowles said that government
by pressure is an ominous sign Of
our times" and with that all
Thoughtful citizens will agree. He
also said that during his stay in
Washington he has become some
thing of an expert on lobbying tao
tics and he regards them as "a
threat to the democratic rights OF
all the inarticulate. silent, little
people of America"
But what Hobbies was he talking
about? # he had reference to the
organized labor lobby, which does
not hesitate to tell Congress what
it must and must not do, and whose
wage demands are at the bottom of
most of Mr.. Bowles' present troubles,
he did not mention 1t by name. II
he had reference to the big industry
Hobbies, which still do q thriving
business, he again failed to partic-
ularize. Nor did he mention by
name any Of the other better-known
lobbies-the farm lobby, the group
lobbying against military training
the various racial lobbies, etc. But
he did mention the retail automobile
dealers, and therefore the inference
Is that, primarily at least. he was
talking about them.
The OPA wants the dealers to
absorb some Of the economic pres
sure which continued price ceilings
are going to impose on the car
manufacturers. Mr.. Bowles thinks
the dealers can do this and still en-
Joy higher profits than before. The
dealers apparently think otherwise
and some 5000 Of them, it Is said.
have sent kilograms to their con-
gressmen to that effect.
Perhaps this was an iniquitous
thing for the dealers to do. But at
worst 1t is a trivial aspect Of the
lobbying problem, and If Mr.. Bowles
was shooting only at the auto deal
ers he was out for very small game
indeed.
Evening star., 1945-11-14

This growth may have helped the
Secretary and his associates. 1t Is pos
sible, although 1t is not visible.
II Mr.. Byrnes shares the opinion OF
one Of his distinguished predecessors,
Cordell Hull. that the more the public
knows about the conduct of foreign
affairs the better, he has not yet been
able to prove 1t.
Newspapermen assigned to cover the
international relations OF the United
States must now be q combination CT
Sherlock Holmes and Nine. de Thebes
tthe famous French clairvoyant OF the
last century, In order to obtain any-
where near q correct story OF the poll
icies OF this country. The h,lsh-hush-
ness Of the State Department, now that
the war is over, can be compared with
that of the War and Navy Departments
In the early days after Pearl Harbor.
+*H.
Mr.. Byrnes has departed from the
custom Of previous Secretaries Of State
since the days Of President Wilson Of
holding frequent press conferences.
They have been reduced from q daily
meeting with the Secretary or his dep
uty to one q week. They yield little real
information and any pertinent question
does not set well with Mr. Byrnes.
Mr.. Byrnes' deputy, Undersecretary
Dean Acheson, has had only two years
experience In the State Department,
where he handled economic matters
principally and was the department s
liaison with Congress. He had been
'pltchforked" into that position three
days before Mr.. Byrnes left for the Lon
don Conference of Foreign Ministers and
frankly admits to his intimates that
he still has lot to learn.
Other intimate advisers such as Coun-
sellor Benjamin Cohen and Assistant
Secretary Of State Russell also are
noyices in the field of foreign affairs.
Mr.. Cohen Is lofty idealist and a
theoretician who lacks experience be-
cauSe he has never had q chance to
operate with the realities Of interna-
tional relations. Mr. Russell's job as
head Of the personnel division requires
little specialized knowledge.
OF necessity the "old timers" that is
to say, the foreign service officers who
head the various divisions and bureaus,
have few dealings with the over-bur-
dened Secretary. They must confine
themselves to making reports about
what Is going on In their various areas
and are not in contact with representa-
tives OF the press and members Of Con-
gress
II they meet them socially they are
careful to keep the conversation to gen.
eralities.
Evening star., 1945-11-14
For Peace and Survival

General Arnold'S highly 1nStruc-
tive report on the Army Air Forces
contains so many important obser-
vations that the American people
would do well to preserve it for fire.
quent rereading as guide to an
intelligent understanding of the
kind OF policy this Nation must
shape in the new era of electronics
and atomic energy.
II the report could be summed up
at all, it might be summed up by
saying that General Arnold wrote it
with one fundamental point in
mind: Namely. that if there should
ever be another world conflict, it
will be vastly more devastating than
the vastly devastating conflict just
ended. and that accordingly, from
this point on, the mission of the
armed forces of the United States
should be not to prepare for war, but
to prevent war-to assure that peace
be perpetuated"
To this end, General Arnold would
have the American people try some
thing new. In the past, after every
war, we have preached and practiced
pacifisna, and while doing so. hoping
thereby to promote world peace. we
have made a kind of tradition out
OF neglecting our arms. But the
grim record shows that this policy,
far from preventing war. probably
tended to stimulate aggressors by
giving them the impression that
the United States had neither the
will nor the ready means to fight.
The new thing General Arnold would
have us try. therefore. would be
peace promotion backed up by up
to-the-minute military strength cal
culated to discourage any potential
Hitler Of the future.
General Arnold advocates such
preparedness not merely because he
believes that it will serve the peace
OF the world. but more particularly
because he is convinced that it is
absolutely essential to the safety of
America. We are in an age when
the fantastic Is no longer fantastic
but real-an age in which the weap-
ons Of today are already In the proc
ess OF becoming museum pieces;
an age In which 1t will be possible to
send space ships" above the earth's
atmosphere or to fire transoceanic
atomic rockets travelling at rate
four times faster than sound-to
paralyze whole countries overnight.
For security in such an age. Gen.
eral Arnold suggests many measures
of preparedness. Among other things,
he asks for worldwide United
States intelligence service. He wants
the closest possible pan-American
collaboration. He calls for the, ut
most national effort in the field Of
research and development. He favors
the idea Of United Nations global
patrol and ground inspection system
TO prevent the secret manufacture Of
atomic bombs He calls for the In
tegratiou and constant Improvement
Evening star., 1945-11-14
Dr.. William Muther Lewis

News of the sudden death of DR..
William Mather Lewis at his home
In Connecticut last Sunday was re-
ceived with regret by many friends
and former associates in Washing
ton. Eighteen years had past since
he left the presidency of George
Washington University to assume
that of Lafayette College, but he
retained his interest in the Capital
and visited here from time to time
until close to the end of his career.
DR.. Lewis was a man of numerous
talents. He made his mark In
literature, in pedagogy, in business
and in variety OF civic fields. Dur
ing the First World War, he was
executive secretary Of the National
Committee of Patriotic Societies,
civilian adviser to the Morale Divi-
sion Of the Army and the author Of
the speakers handbooks issued by
the Treasury Department in connec-
ton with the Liberty Bond CAM
paigns. Subsequently, he was chief
of the education service branch OF
the United States Chamber Of Conn
merce. He succeeded DR.. william
Miller Collier and DR.. Harold Lincoln
Hodgkins as head Of g. w. in June,
1928.
The views of George Washington
himself concerning a school to which
young Americans might be sent for
the completion of their education
- and acquiring knowledge in
the principles Of politics and good
government" DR.. Lewis accepted as
his own. He visioned the university
as cultural center of national
character and influence" and sought
to put that conception into practice
and effect. The results OF his efforts
are preserved IN the whole existing
organization OF q. w. as 1t Is today.
At Lafayette likewise Dr. Lewis
endeavors were Of durable value and
worth. Thus again he may be said
Evening star., 1945-11-14
GI Bill of Rights Dissected

10 the EDITOR OF The Star:
This Is one of series OF letter which I
intend to write in regard to the so-called
"G1 Bill OF Rights" I will ATTEMPT to
Clarity the misunderstanding that exist
IN the minds of our public officials and
administrators who seem to think that
we veterans will benefit by such a bill.
I must admit, however, that the bill is
good for at least two reasons. First. Il
gives employment to paper mill workers,
and, secondly, 1t provides employment
to the printers who print the matter. At
this sitting ! am unable to uncover any
other purposes it may serve.
suppose that I should entertain the
desire to enter into small business for
myself. First, but far from least. I
would be required to submit miles and
miles OF written testimony, duly sworn
to (and at) that I was q master in the
field intended entering. would have
to prove beyond doubt, or a shadow
thereof. that there was no other person
living or dead, who could better operate
such business. I would have to show
that at least three-fourths of nv %
years were spent in the operation OF that
business. But, evidently, the above re-
quirements are only preliminary. I would
be required to match the loan by at
least 100 per cent with my own money.
Evidently the fellow who thought up
such q device was a financial wizard
Further, he must have believed that all
veterans likewise were wizards. /, for
one, am not. How man can save a
large amount of cash on $66 per month
is lar beyond my imagination. (And I
must have good one to have imagined
that could ever get anything except
a headache from the GI billy
The next step Is to show evidence that
the business is sound, safe, and that
the profits to be derived therefrom win
exceed your bankers widest dreams
Nightmares included.
contend that If a veteran has enough
wit and intelligence, plus a sizable
amount Of superman strength, to talk
the Government into making him loan
he would have no need for the money
after all. A guy with that much on the
ball would never have to work, ANYWAY
FRANK e. DIXON,
Seaman 1jc. u s. Mr.
Evening star., 1945-11-14
This and That
By Charles z. Trncepell.
"ARLINGToN. Va

Dear Sir:
II read recently about Templeton
Jones and his epidemic Of centipedes.
I'm our house 1t Is flies. We have
them by the hundreds, and do not
know where they come from or how
they get in.
"They are all baby flies, about as
small as a fly could be and still be recog-
nizable as such.
Every evening they gather on the
kitchen ceiling, and there slay as
many as 100 each night.
II wonder If you could tell me where
they come from or how they get in, as
have been unable to solve the mystery.
II took tip from Jones and used the
vacuum sweeper tube, and gathered In
my daily hundred flies. So far have
caught at least $500, over a period Of
three weeks.
MY last count was Is one evening, so
I feel that the end Is in sight, but I
cannot help wondering just why I
should have this visitation.
yours truly. E. D."
HA
Our correspondent does not say so,
but our guess is that he has coal fur
mace and that the flies were brought in
as eggs in the COAL
Coal lies around in the open before
delivery.
There is every oportunity for the eggs
to be laid In 1t.
Then, after delivery, the warmer at
nlosphere Of the house matches them
out.
Delivery, Of course, would have to be
soon after the laying.
It Is significant that the fiies gather
every evening in the kitchen.
# Our correspondents house Is like
most suburban homes, there Is q free
run right up the basement steps into
the kitchen.
This would be the natural route of
the young flies as they first tried their
wings, seeking freedom and light.
It may be supposed, too, that flies on
their first flights seek warmth.
The warmest place in any room Is up
by the ceiling.
Any one who has tried to be his own
painter and paperhanger knows this
from personal experience.
The young flies know it by instinct.
This column has had several reports
OF similar nature. In at least two Of
the homes, detective work showed that
newly brought in coal was probably the
source
The immature fly is an interesting
clean-looking insect, and probably il
free from the germs older specimens are
popularity supposed to harbor. Let us
amend that statement to read, which
they do harbor.
Young hies, on their other wing, are
20 fragile looking that It is difacult to
suspect them Of malfeasance.
Yet their disposal is necessary, be-
cause they viii grow up.
Another possibility Of how they come
into the home is the grocery bag, espe-
cially the bag Of vegetables.
Shortage of labor in fields and stores
has led to vegetables not getting the
cleaning which they should receive.
For the same reason. there probably
are more flies In stores than ever be-
fore.
Also there seems to be . lack OF sticky
dypaper. The old sheets Of this ma
teriai really got the files, but Ia recent
years It seems to have disappeared from
the market.
It might be good plan FOR al house,
wives to wash al vegetables Immediately
they are IN the house. rather than wait
until lust before uso.