davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-28

ton Of pillboxes. When somebody
did that. it simply meant another
man was killed. But they did 1t and
the advance continued"
Brig. Gen. Robert L. Denig, Ma
rine Corps public relations chief. was
master OF ceremonies at the lunch
con. Edward Jameson, club presi-
dent, presided.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
BeIqion Regent Decorated

BRUSSELS, April % R.-The Le-
gion Of Merit. the highest decoration
the United States can bestow on a
non-American, was awarded yester-
day to the regent, Prince Charles,
by Ambassador Charles Sawyer, in
recognition Of his achievements in
Belgian resistance to the Germans.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
Admiral Chombers Dies

LONDON, April % R.-Admiral
Bertram Mordaumt Chambers, 70,
Canada's principal port convoy Of
ficer during the World War, died
Thursday.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
18th St. NV.
Nsor Spring Reed

Semidetsched brick, 8 large rooms,
bath. oil heat. full basement. eiec-
trtc rcfrigerAtor. Weather stripped
everything. An immediate inspec.
tion viii be tusttf1ed. PosscSsiou
at time OF settlement.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
T0DAY'S
BEST BUYS
vsszsy s.. NV. Nssr 37th

Semidetached. 6 large rooms, IN
baths, h.-w.h., full basement and
garage, Venetian blinds, screens,
insulated, etc. Convenient to
everything. Priced to sell imme-
Possession at time Of settlement
Evening star., 1945-04-28
LINCOLN ROAD NE.

Colonial brick. 6 large rooms, bath,
h.-a. heat, full basement, electric
refrtgerAtor, immaculate condition.
Convenient to everything. Priced 1t
only S7,06O. On terms. Shown By
appointment only.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
Arlington, Va.

Attractive bungalow covered with
Johns-Aanville asbestos shingles,
With two bedrooms, living room.
dining room and kitchen, nice
basement, air conditioned. Priced
at only $4,000. Don't miss this.
Evening star., 1945-04-28
xser I 9th and Nswton sts. NE.

Two-family detached home with
two complete apartments of three
rooms and bath each. Oil heat;
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
OIL WORKERS HAIL
PROBE OF CARTELS

FORT WORTH, Tex-(FP) Because
some of the major oil companies ARE
anxious once again to get into the inter
national cartel racket and 10 start all
over again the profit-made policies
which can produce World War II" the
Oil Workers International Union CCIO)
commended opening Of Senate investiga-
ton Of oil cartel practices. The special
Senate petroleum committee headed by
Sen. Joseph C. O'Ddahoney D.-WyoD
opened hearings in Washington May IT.
I'VE Who produce, process and ship
our nations oil have long realized that
our labor was used, against our will in
helping to arm Nad Germany and Japan
for World War H." OWIU Pres 0. A.
Knight said. The powerful American oil
companies that entered into agreements
with firms in Germany and Japan and
handed over valuable American patents
and processes to our enemies are eager
to start up their international cartels
again, he said.
The oil workers asked the committee
to shed the pitiless light of publicity
upon such Vaccinations and recommend
to the Senate measures which will make
impossible repetition Of the ghastly
record Of the l930s when certain major
U. S. oil companies collaborated with
Hitler and the Japanese military clique
and threw the world into the shau9oles
of war"
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

fore certain that Russia's industrial fu-
ture is a fabulous prospect.
The industrial nations of the world
can welcome this gigantic new produc-
tive force. It will mean not only vast
increase in the supply CT essential goods
and services, but it will offer new and
stimulating competition.
The economists of the dead past eX-
press grave concern as to what We will
do when Russia is ready to invade the
markets of the world with manufactured
goods. On this point I would like to
venture an opinion and voice a hope.
When Russia industry has been fooled
and equipped, when it has begun to
satisfy the needs Of its own people, the
world will have discarded the theory
that any nation can prosper at the ex-
pense of another. When Russian in
dustrialisn matches our own in volume,
when comforts and conveniences are a
commonplace for her people, the great
mass of mankind throughout the world
will be seeking goods and more goods to
satisfy their awakened desires. In the
new world there will be no place for the
theories of overproduction. Wealth is
something men should enioy-not few
men-but all men. otherwise it Is
meaningless.
We Welcome Russian Competition
I have no fear of Russian competition.
I would welcome it. With you, 1 would
be proud to know that we have helped
her complete the magnificent industrial
structure which she has begun. There
is no inconsistency in the belief that
men can compete, enjoy the fruits of
their skills, and at the same time work
together for a common good. The future
course of our business relations is al
ready being charted. We know now
some of the things which We want to
buy and sell to each other. There is al
ready an excange Of goods and services.
There is the understanding that our
mutual trade relations hold immeasur-
able promise. I would join with you in
saying-American industry salutes the
nascent Russian INDUSTRY conf
dence and respect.
We have not yet appraised the New
Age. We are still tugging at the mill
stone of the past. But sacrifice is a di-
vine teacher. When men give their lives
for their faith new hope is born Little
will come Of that hope unless our hearts
are right. A modern prophet put it this
way
1t is not wisdom to be only wise,
And on the inward vision close
the eyes,
But it is wisdom to believe the
heart,
Columbus found a world and
had no chart
save that of faith deciphered in
the skies
In spite of misunderstanding, and per
plexty the United States of America
and the Union Of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lies have come to believe in each other
through working together. Such fait
is the cornerstone Of the new world.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
News of Great Falls
Building Trades Council
Communications


Minutes of the Cascade County
Trades and Labor Assembly were read
and filed.
From the Builders association Of Chi
cage enclosing a wage chart report for
completion and return to them. Motion
made and carried to comply with their
request.
From the executive director, Montana
War Finance committee, regarding the
7th War Loan Drive. Filed.
At this time Mr.. jim Brennan and
Robert Clark of the U. S. E. S. were ad-
mitted and granted the floor. The spoke
to the council in regard to placing the
U. S. E. S. back in the Building Trades
agreement. After quite a discussion the
gentlemen were excused and the matter
referrd to unfinished business.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
2LLL554H4atdp

Pop" said Little Luther, Il need a
raise in my allowance. Ice creams gone
up to zoe dish and even newspapers
cost more
you shouldn't read newspapers" Mr..
Dilworth replied Even the bad, mean
the good ones, might give bright boy
like you ideas"
That's okay, Pop. don't believe what
I read in them, anyway, But quit
changing the subject How about tnas
raise?"
Luther, I'm sure you know I'd like to
give you more. But we mustn't forget
there's a war on and initiation threatens
and all that stuff I gave you 15go
increase two years ago under the Little
Steel formula
Fifteen per cent Of soc is TIC" Little
Luther pointed out Aren't you broke
yet from that big increase in your ex-
penses?"
That's enough out Of you, Luther, "
warned his father
Eyes, but it isn't enough out Of you,
his son retored
Luther, do you want the War Labor
Board to crack down on me?"
IF they had enough to crack you, they
wouldn't have needed the Army to crack
S. L. Avery" said Little Luther. Quit
stalling. Either 1 get a 5Oc-a-week in
crease or else"
"Or else what?" inquired Mr.. Dilworth
"Or else I'll become a congressman,
vote myself $25OO-a-year increase and
make it tax exempt There's the boys
that are giving the nation an example
of leadership"
Aren't they" agreed his father ad-
miringly.
"They are indeed" said Little Luther,
"and now you follow the leaders and
come across with that four bits"
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
Announcements

NIVA debate or radio broadcast will be
announced later
All local unions should contact mem
bers Of the Assembly War Bond COM
mitee for their bond subscriptions. This
is for subscriptions by the unions only.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

Austin Thompson reports that the re-
turning veterans have some difficulty in
adjusting themselves to civilian work and
stated that the public should cooperate
in aiding the veterans rehabilitate them
selves
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

reaching retirement age need suffer also
loss or reduction in credits toward re-
tirement or survivor benefits.
Disability insurance could provide a
more flexible retirement age-Workers
vary in their ability to continue work at
advanced ages. For some, permanent
disability is merely an early onset Of
old age" Providing retirement bene-
fits for persons permanently disabled
before age 65 would not only permit
greater flexibility in the old-age insur-
ance system, but would reduce pressure
to lower the retirement age to go, 55.
or even so for all workers.
Permanent disability benefits would
cost about ID per cent Of earnngs-
Under all insurance programs covering
long-range risks, benefit costs are small
at the beginning and rise gradually for
10 to 20 years as additional beneficiaries
come on the rolls. Although the size of
benefits would determine the range in
costs, they might be expected to repre-
sent about 1-2 per cent of covered pay
rolls when the system has been in oper-
alton for about 20 years.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

These balnay days remind us of the
judge who was trying to listen to the
case before him, but couldn't help think
how much better it would be to be out
on the golf course. well, he thought
at last, It guess there's no way out. I
may as well listen to what this defense
lawyer has to say"
And in addition to that, your honor, -
droned the attorney, my client claims
She was beaten into insensibility by a
golf club in the hands of her husband
Yes" murmured the Judge, absently,
how many strokes"
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

Special Order of Business
The film on iva was well received by
those present. It is hoped an MVA vii
not be long in the making.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
News of The Silver Bow
Trades Assembly

Talks by Gordon F, Teach and Orrls
]. Fry of the Educational Department
of Calvert Distillers Corporation, held
the attention of the delegates to the
Trades and Labor Council for about 80
minutes. The discourse was accom-
panied by pictures and graphs. One OF
the strangest things brought out by Mr..
Teach was the Importance of alcohol in
the prosecution of the war He told
how much alcohol was used in the dis
charge of one gun on a battleship, it
amounted to several thousand gallons.
He also showed how much alcohol was
used in the processing of synthetic rub
Der. Taxes paid by the distilling in
dustry in the United States amounted
to one billion, four hundred million dol
lars. Both Mr.. Fry and Mr.. Teach urged
moderate drinking of Whiskey and ex-
planned what is meant by blended
whiskey and a mild body Both eX-
planned what science and the distilling
industry are trying to do in correcting
some Of the faults in the manufacture
of alcoholic beverages.
Richard Donovan, secretary OF the
Butte Building Trades Council, notified
the Trades Council that memorial serv-
ices would be held at Naranche stadium
ON Decoration day at 800 p. m. and
urged all union members to be present.
He paid glowing eulogy to the late
President Roosevelt.
1t was announced that a meeting
would be held at Helena Wednesday,
May 2srd, in relation to OPA prices and
restrictions
A letter was received from Mr.. Batter
ton, regional administrator Of the OPA,
in regard to the proposed reduction Of
the staff of the local OPA board in
Butte. Mr.. Batterton said the matter
had been referred to Mr.. Wass, OPA di-
rector of Montana.
Other letters on the same subject were
received from NJ W. Mitchell secretary
TO Senator Wheeler and from Frank
O'Connor, assistant Liaison offer for
the AFL with the OPA.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
Report Of Committees


Brother McVey of the Veterans COM
mittee reported attending a meeting last
Tuesday evening at which time a very
interesting talk was given regarding the
teaching of soldiers for future civilian
work.
The special committee reported that
civilians who work on the East Air Base
are repairing two airplanes that were
damaged in the recent sand storm. They
had tried to get some other building
than the one at COL 3rd Avenue South
in which to do this work and will move
out of this building at once if anyone
can find another location for them. At
the most they will be there less than a
month On motion the report was ac-
cepted as progressing and the committee
continued.
Unfinished Business
The matter Of the U. s. E. S. was again
discussed and a motion made and car
ried that the secretary write letter to
the contractors stating that all men put
TO work by them must have a referral
from the U. S. E. S. and the unions, be-
fore going TO work.
The c. O. committee was again dis
cussed and a motion made and carried
that Brothers Yeager, Enquist and Brit
ten act on said committee.
Z. n. BRITrEN, Sec. Treas.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

1t was announced that a meeting
would be held at Helena Wednesday,
May 23rd, in relation to OPA prices and
restrictions.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

Recall the yarn about the disappointed
hunter returning home with nothing in
his bag, when he suddendly spied a
flock of ducks swimming in a little
pond. Nearby stood an. old farmer
watching them. How much do you
want to let me take a shot at those
ducks?" the hunter asked.
Half a dollar" was the immediate
reply The hunter let fly with both
barrels, killing a dozen ducks.
well" the hunter smiled, as he paid
the farmer looks like I got the better
of that deal
oh, I don't know" replied the ma
tive They amt my ducks"
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24

Hand made" cigarets sell for 41c a
package of 20 in New York.
At that price, each paper must be
licked by a luscious blonde.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
Committee Reports


E.H. Richards reported for the Jones
Market committee and progress is noted.
President steinmetz reported that the
NfVA broadcast set for Saturday night
at $50 had been postponed.
On motion the executive board is au-
thorized to make the necessary arrange
ments for an open MvA debate in some
suitable public building in conjunction
with the Farmers Union and the Smell
termen.
Leo Stewart reported for the War
Bond committee and he stated that the
Assembly committee will take subscrip-
tions for the various labor organizations
in the city The Assembly committee is
as follows: Leo Stewart, VIM. Davey E.
R. Bergren, John Evanko, Jr., Alvin
Wertdal, Carl Heiman and Walter
Davidson.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-24
News of The Cascade
Trades & Labor Council

From the Stockett Miners copy Of let
ter showing that they had endorsed the
candidacy of Leo Graybin for Congress
from the Second Congressional district
Filed.
From James E. Murray, NJ ke Mans
field and M. W. Mitchell, secretary 10
B. K. Wheeler acknowledging our re-
quest that they support the Fair Employ
ment Practice committee. Placed on
file.
Evening star., 1945-08-12
|l9 Mexicons Injured
In Auto-Truck Wreck
~ the AssecIated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
AURORA, Nebr., Aug. i1.-Nine-
teen Mexicans were injured when
truck in which they were being
taken to work overturned after cole
lision a half mile north Of here
today.
The Mexicans were sitting on
plank seats in the grain truck. Sher-..
iff A. l.. Andrews said the vehicle.
and a car driven by Charles Ster- :
necker of Aurora collided as Mr.
ISternecker drove onto the highway.
from side road.
-Four doctors were called to the
Aurora hospital to treat the men,
The condition OF some was said
to be critical. They could not be.
identified Immediately because the
Mexican who acted as interpreter
was among the seriously injured.
Evening star., 1945-08-12

1T Is this store OF energy In mat
ter itself which is involved in the
maintenance of the temperature of
the sun and OF other stars ="
BY this time the Germans, too,
were hard at work on the matter.
Two Germans, Bottle and Becker,
observed that when the element
beryllium was bombarded with alpha
particles emitted by polonium, a nat
ural radioactive element, radiation
of q novel type was apparently
emitted.
The new-found particles were
called neutrons.
Discovery of the neutron was of
even greater practical importance in
that its lack of electrical charge
made 1t an ideal projectile for car
rying out nuclear transformations, y
the report said.
Hahn and Strassman advanced
the work in Berlin in 1888 with ex-
periments which proved that when
uranium was bombarded by neu-
irons, fragments of the uranium
nucleus would fly apart with great
energy.
Important Discovery.
1T was Immediately recognized
that this discovery was of the
greatest significance and that, for
the first time, there was an ex-
perimental basis for hope that useful
realization Of the enormous store OF
atomic energy in matter could be
achieve ed.
Not only did the fission (split-
ting) reaction provide a large
amount OF energy, but the liberation
Of more than one new neutron each
time that a uranium nucleus un-
derwent fission made possible the
continuation of the reaction by the
development of a chain process once
the initial step had been taken.
Such a chain process would en-
able the reaction - . to take place
at an ever-increasing rate and
would involve SO many atoms that
there would be sensible and indeed
possibly an overwhelming liberation
Of energy"
1t was at approximately this point
in research knowledge that the war
broke out. Each warning country
began working independently on
the problem.
In 1910. DR.. Frisch and Prof.
Peierls of Birmingham University
called attention to the possibility
Of producing bomb with uranium
235, an isotope amounting to III
pounds in one ton of uranium.
"All that is necessary to detonate
a bomb of U-235 is to bring togeth-
er two pieces each less than the
critical size but which when in con-
tact form an amount exceeding it,
the report said.
IF an appreciable fraction of
Evening star., 1945-08-12
Atomic Bomb
Ushered in w eek
|Of Historic News
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Aug. 1.-THE atomic
bomb dropped on Hiroshima last
Sunday ushered in one OF the most
momentous news weeks in modern
history.
Monday, the bombs existence was
announced-and mankind passed q
new milestone with the liberation
Of atomic energy.
Tuesday, as President Truman re.
turned from the historic Potsdan
Conference, the Japanese cabinet
met in emergency session.
Wednesday, Russia threw hel
might into the war against Japan.
Thursday, while a second atomic
bomb stunned the Japanese, Presi.
dent Truman warned them: Sur
render or be destroyed.
Friday, the japanese offered Il
surrender If they could keep theil
Emperor.
Saturday, the Allies agreed to &C.
cept the surrender offer on condi.
ton that the Emperor be made re.
sponsible to the Allied victors.
Evening star., 1945-08-12
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, Aug. 1.-THE dramatic
fight of two French scientists to
England in 1910 with a valuable
supply of heavy water" for use in
Allied atomic bomb experiments was
disclosed tonight by Prime Minister
Attlee.
The incident, part of the story
of the international race against
time to harness atomic energy. was
disclosed in an official report on
research behind development Of the
cataclysmic bomb.
In the spring of 1910, secret
French mission, sent by Premier
Edouard Daladier, slipped out Of
Norway past German spies with the
heavy water for French scientists,
among them Frederick Joliot- -Curie,
who were seeking the secret of un-
leashing atomic energy.
But the German invasion came
too soon, and the 1855 ntres (43.5
gallons of heavy water were car
ried on one of the last boats to
leave Bordeaux by the French SCI
entists, Halban and Kowarski. and
placed at Allied disposal, the report
said.
In Paris today, Reconstruction
Minister Raoul Dautry, who was
armaments minister in 1910, said
I'VE learned later that the Germans
tried to intercept the mission" of
technicians sent to Norway for the
heavy water. The Norwegian scien-
tist who gave the heavy water to
the French representatives refused
to accept payment, although he said
Il will be shot by the Germans if it
Is known what I have done"
Controlled Atomic Energy,
Heavy water was one agent
through which Allied scientists
hoped to control the atomic energy
released and to make an atomic
bomb practical weapon OF war, Mr..
Attlee's statement said.
(How heavy water may be used
In the atom bomb is one of the
top military secrets. But before
the war, two possible connections
between heavy water and an
atomic bomb mechanism were
published in newspapers.
Evening star., 1945-08-12
Two French Scientists EIuded Nuzis in 104O
With Heavy Water for Bomb Experiments

Zone is the fact that hydrogen
is able to slow down the neutron
particles which at that time were
splitting atoms of uranium.
Heavy water is made with double
weight hydrogen. At that time,
slowed-down neutrons had to be
used to split uranium.
(The other prewar connection
was the fact that these heavy
hydrogen atoms, named deute-
rum, were used as the bullets in
cyclotrons. These cyclotron
atomic bullets when shot into
certain metals produced streams
of neutrons needed for the ura-
nium-splitting investigations)
Mr.. Attlee's statement said that
on July Is, 194l, a committee oi
British scientists became convinced
that the atomic bomb was feasible
and that its effect would be COM
parable with some thousands OF
tons Of INT" From that time for
ward, Herculean efforts were made
to perfect 1t as a weapon against
the Germans and Japanese.
But the story of the atomic bomb
really begins in France in 1895, the
report continued. when the French
Physicist Becquerel discovered that
uranium was continuously emitting
radiation of an unknown type. This
discovery challenged the theory that
atoms of one element could not ir
any way be changed or converted
into those Of another.
Further study of Becquerel's OBJ
servations led to isolation OF radium
in 1898.
Fifteen years later, the statement
said. scientists deduced from the
Rutherford-Bo model Of the atom
that any element. with q given
charge on the nucleus, could exist
In more than one modification with
different atomic masses, but almost
identical physical and chemical
properties. These notifications were
known as isotopes.
Firt Realized in 1882.
It was not until 1882, however,
that science realized that either
matter or energy could be trans
formed into the other, the state
ment said.
On 1905 Einstein, through his
relativity calculations announced
that matter and energy are equiv
alent, which means that any
piece of solid matter can change
into intangible energy or rays,
and that this same Intangible
energy is able to be transformed
back into solid matter. Scien-
lists believed this but lacked the
proper tests to prove it at that
time)
THE conviction was therefore
held" the statement continued,
that there existed in all matter a
store of energy vastly greater than
that available on earth by any
process that had yet been brought
under the control of man.
Evening star., 1945-08-12

atoms in a mass Of U-235 undergo
fission within very short time, the
amount of energy liberated will be
so great that the mass will attain
a temperature of many millions Of
degrees and a pressure of many
millions of atmospheres.
"It will consequently expand with
very great rapidity. AS the density
of the mass decreases, the neutrons
can escape more easily from 1t and
the chain reaction will come to an
end. If only one pound of U-235 is
affected, this release of energy will
be as much as from 5000 tons of
INT"