davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Detroit Moves
To Bar Coming
More Negroes
War Manpower
Commission Asked
To Stem Flow
Nv ROBERT CRUMP

DETROIT - amp - The city
fathers, who seem to be lost in the
fog of confusion over the acute
housing situation here and stead
tasty refuse to do anything about
it. now register new law in UNI
Arnericanism by trying to devise
some means of preventing more
people from coming into Detroit,
particularly job hunters. They have
appealed to the state director of
VINO for help.
IL is estimated that new arrivals
reach the total of 10000 a month
which is about 5000 less than six
months ago. Just how any city can
stop people from coming in has not
yet been determined but the aid
that is being sought through the
VINO would be to discourage in
migration thru its regional boards
throughout the country by refusing
to refer workers to this city which
is now being taken out of the criti-
cal area bracket.
A meeting of labor and industrial
representatives with the director of
the VINO has failed so far to ar
rive at anything definite that will
relieve the job situation, 1t is true
that many factories are laying off
workers and there is sufficient
manpower to take care of all avail
able work.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
1t. Col. Mann Now
President OF Court
Martial In France

SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE -
(ANP)-Lt. Col Theophilus Mann,
well known Chicago and Washing
ton attorney, is getting to be a fix
ture in courts martial in France.
He has been in four base sections
of the army in this country and
in three has served in general
courts martial where race was not
a matter of consideration.
Recently he served as senior of
ficer and president of the court.
One of the reasons for his seniori-
ty is the rather slow promotion for
Negro officers above the grade Of
major. 1t. Col. Mann has been
"half colonel since July, 1912,
when he was commanding officer
of combat unit in Texas, an am
ti-tank unit which eXcelled in its
work and from which great things
were expected. Unfortunately it
was broken up, the men scattered
to various types of outfits. The cole
onel is now serving in a quarter
master outfit which has mixed of
ficers.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

CHICAGO - (ANP) Negro
soldiers returning from the battle
fronts will have a better opportun-
ity to succeed in small business in
the south than in any other section
of the nation. Howard Lafayette
Johnson, former Alabama State
Teachers college coach who today
owns a successful restaurant bust
ness in Little Rock, maintains that
veterans will find Dixie wide open
field for business after the war.
Writing in the April issue of Ne
gro Digest, Johnson says "one out
of every two Negro soldiers has in
tentions of going into business
when he returns"
The Negro soldier, declare john
son, can make a 60 of it in the
south which in many ways is still
virgin territory as far as Negro bus
mess is concerned. The CT fresh
out of the army should be we'll
qualified. Besides the good habits
learned in the service, he can get
the help of the army not only in
getting capital, but also in getting
training"
Three out OF every four Negroes
in America live in Dixie" says
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Black Frenchman
Scorns Maxi Prize

their methods. / had to appear on
four different occasions in one OF
the numerous buildings that they
occupied here.
Their most alluring promises
did not succeed in weakening my
resistance. That caused them to
put me under special watch. Hap
PLY for me, I always lead a retired
quiet, life. They could never find
anything against me. In short, we
were able to come out alive of the
atrocious situation brought on by
the Germans
During these Iour oppressed
years. Maran wrote several books.
Among them were 'tBoStes De Ia
Bressa," "Braffa;" la Foundation
de L A. E. F." LOS Pionniers de
i Empire" book |, lie Peino Gu
Conur;". "Mbala / elephatn," a
children's book. He said that the
publishers are now making new
rich edition Of "Bateuala, ele-
plant" and lie Pienniers de / En-
pire," book one.
Marian, rated as the foremost Ne
gro writer of the age, said that
the publication of these books en-
abled him to live from May of
1912 until now.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
.NAACP To Back Up
Appeal OF 4 WACs

NEW YORK -(SNS)- The
NAACp legal department is study
D,g the lectrd Of trial which result
ed in the conviction of four Negro
WACS VINO protested against dis
criminatoly conditions at FIT. De.
Vens, M9ssat huSetts.
Special Counsel Tt urgood Mar
shall indicated the NAACP viii
provide legal aid IL the matter OF
an appeal. The four Privates were
represented in the general court
marital proceedings by Rainey,
members of the legal redress COM
mittee of the Boston NAACP.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
General Davis
Asked To Probe
Unjust Setup

WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY
IN FRANCE - (ANP) - Eight
Negro soldiers, all members of the
923rd Engineer Aviation regiment
were reported to have been denied
admission to the. army's new Off.
Ger candidates school in this area
The eight soldiers, best in the
923rd, were sent to the new officer
candidate school in response to a
radio message under the date OF
Jan. 81 and Circular 10, dated Feb
25. First Sgt. Harry White was in
charge of the group.
He reported to the officer in
charge of the candidates, a Mr.,
Gunthrop, WOJG, who appeared
totally ignorant as to why "these
colored fellows are here" Sergeant
White reported to his superior,
Capt. Walter G.. Pfeil, Jr., that Mr..
Gunthrop told him point blank,
"they were not accepting colored at
the school"
Capt. Pfeil expressed his regret to
the men and promised to "try
and get an answer from TX Engin-
eer command as to why they sent
the radio asking us to send men
Gown. 1.-The 923rd is IL officers
short.
The situation was brought to the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

CHARLOTTE, N. CAMP -
Reno Maran, the great French
African writer, spurned the NaziS'
offer to collaborate with them dur
ing the dark days of Nazis occupa-
ton here, he revealed in recent
letter to his friend, Prof. j. j.
Adams of johnson G.. Smith uni
verSity.
Maran revealed that. his books
we're awarded the grand prize by
the French academy when France
was living under the German heel.
ION two occasions the German
Gostape came to my house, ask
ing me to collaborate with Them -
he said Each time, / answered
that I could not accept their bril-
liant proposition. My answers dis
pleased them and they changed
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Randolph Urges
Job Preparation

SCOTLANDVILLE, La amp
"A Philip Randolph, president OF
the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters, Monday told Southern uni
versity students, during their noon
chapel assembly period, that "you
can't play a part in this great
struggle for freedom unless you are
prepared"
Citing the growth of the brother
hood as a bargaining agency rep
resenting the best interests of the
Negro, Randolph asserted that the
success Of this organization, as well
as any other group, required rug
ged character, reliability with 9TH
er peoples funds, and honest 10y
atty, SO that YOU will be trusted.
Sometimes the Negro loses a
place in a given field" continued
Mr.. Randolph, mot because of
color, but because he cannot do
the job" Because of this fact, the
speaker stated, 81 want to see
young Negro men and women be-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
HAIR RUINED:

SCALP SICK2 Frizzy? Iron -Burnt9
Broken? UnruIy Dandruff7 Then throw
away all your hair preparations and
get a DOCTORS HAIR MEDICINE.
For Beautiful, Lustrous. Straight Hair,
use VitrO- Ointment.
A little Vitro-O Ointment rubbed into
the hair and scalp few times a week
has helped many overcome such con-
ditions. Help yourself to hair beauty.
Order large jar of Vitoo-Ointment
today! Only $l.O0. Sent COD. plus pos.
tage. Satisfaction guaranteed or money
refunded Agents wanted!
HAIR STRATE CO., Dept. IA
SO Flatbush Avenue. Brooklyn II, N. Y.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Need OF Better
Hotels Is Cited

ALBANY, N. Y - CAMP - c..
Jacques Henderson, a hotel and
restaurant specialist, urged Negroes
last week to consider the need of
more hotels for their own comfort.
Henderson viewed the postwar
period as a great boom for the no.
tel industry, which is said to rank
seventh among national industries
ITO raise the Negro hotel STAN
dard it is necessary to form a ma
tional hotel realty corporation for
the purpose of purchasing hotel
properties Henderson said " A no.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Record Enrolment
In Race Colleges,
Survey Discloses

WASHINGTON ANP)-This years record of stu
dents attending Negro institutions of higher learning tops
all previous years. Dr. Martin d. Jenkins, of the depart
of education Howard university revealed in recent
survey Nnetyseven institutions report total of 35033
residents in the fall term of the 94445 school year
of 27 per cent last year An enrolment of
approximately $4,000 college students is reported by these
schools for the entire year 1943-44
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

tel management company is also
needed for the operation of these
properties under standardized
management system"
With the increase in Negro traV-
ell and poor housing in some cities,
it is necessary that we buy, build
and operate better hotels which re-
quires every modern device that
will add to the comfort of dis
eliminating travelling public and at
the same time keep the expense &C
counts within the proper limits,
Henderson suggested
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

come part of this chronological
world"
Speaking OF race tensions in
America, Randolph declared, ''peo-
pie are not born with racial dis
elimination, it is inherited Most
of the Negro problem is the Ne
gro's problem of equipping him.
self to demonstrate his ability to
hold his own in a community or
given area of service"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Byrnes Resigns AS
Mobilization Chief

WASHINGTON, - (SNS) - Jas.
F. Byrnes' resignation as director
of War Mobilization and Recover
sion was accepted by Pres. Roosevelt
Monday and Judge Fred M. VIM
son picked to succeed. Byrnes is
to stay on the job until WILSON'S
nomination Is approved by the Sem
ate. Less than month ago Vim.
son was nominated federal loan adj
ministrator and prior TO that was
director of economic sterilization
Byrnes plans to take rest at his
Spartanburg, S. c., home.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Claims South Offers
Best Business Field

Johnson, and that's where Negro
business is best-jim crow, poll tax,
and an occasional lynching notwith-
standing"
There's gold in Dixie, not in
nuggets or gold bricks or in any,
thing that's foolish, but in training
and common sense, square shooting
and honesty, that's formula that
cannot be beat maintains Johnson
who recently made $4,000 in sin
gle year in his Little Rock restau-
rant
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Tighten Skin
In : Minutes

New Nix Lotion mot greasy evenly
smoothly covers skin with light film
in 3 minutes while active bleach in
gredient works from beneath. Helps
dry up surface pimples. loosen black
heads, fade freckleS. Get Nix Lotion
today ct druggists. Guaranteed.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
OFFER BLOOD

WASHINGTON CAMP Eight
goods of Howard university and
a white pharmacists mate of the
United States navy last week re-
Sponded to a call issued by the
NAACP for blood donations for
Ellsworth West, patient at Gal
linger hospital.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Jim Grow Bars Race Troops
From Officer School Abroad

as a personal matter" he said, be
cause as aviation engineers we
stand among the first, but because
of color we are denied the rights
and privileges of American soldiers. /"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

WASHINGTON-(ANP)- Fury in the Pacific" newest
generally described the grimme and realistic
the fire of local
zeury this for it's sighting of Negro
vcemen
In local daily Gabrielle Chandler denounced
the that the picture
the only sight is in comic relief which
gives of Rochester Negro soldier in
the middle of a battle scene"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

attention of Brig. Gen. Benjamin
%. Davis by one of the officers.
I'VE would appreciate very much
if the general would take this up
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
FAT GIRLS ]!
REDUCE TO 3 POUNDS A
WEEK THIS EASY, SAFE WAYi

without strict diets, strenuous
exercise, or dangerous drugs
Girls;, III you think you can't reduce
without starvation. strenuous exrcise
or dangerous drugs you've got . de-
lightful surprise cOmin9i For sow.
thanks to this modern method. you too,
can lose weight easily. safely. comfort
ably. 49,.
Here's the Whole Secret
Have your regular breakfast and dinner
or supper. For lunch, however. c0Dfine
yourself to one tablet Of solene With
tea, coffee. Or fruit juice. Let Solene
replace your heavy. weight adding
lunches. You won't miss lunch at all. ;.
because 6Olene contains ~ much Vita
min nOurishment ~ y0u need. In fact,
because 6Olenc contains Vitamins A. b,
BE-. and ID. - well ~ calcium, phos-
phorus. and iron. you may get more
vitamin n0urishment from Golens thar
frem your regular lunches.
Try SOLENE On Our
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We are 20 sare that once you try this
safe. sensible method Of weight reduce
Ing. you will be overjoyed with the re-
suits 1t can make In your appearance
offeri Send 500 today for . 30-day
supply OF Eolene or order COD. plus
postage. Try IL for ten days Ut our risk.
II you are not thoroughly satisfied. II
you don't begin to notice decided I'm
provement in your appearance. In the
way you look and feel, return the m.
used portion for full refund. We take
AL the risk.
Don't delayi Don't .suffer the en-
barrassment Of excess weight > day
longer. Send today. now for 6Oiene.
and begin ~ once to enjoy the p0pn-
larfty and improved vigor that com<
from normal weight.
BEAUTY AIDS, Dept. SGN
50 FIatbush Ave-, Brooklyn II. N. Y
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

Want Financial Independence?
I've helped thousands. Free Information
to, first 500 persons answering this adj
Csc post card. Write today. THOMPSON.
1870 Milford, Detroit, Michigan.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07

While the total enrolment has
increased the survey reveals that
the numbr of degree graduates in
rs 4-year institutions decreased to
1888, loss of IA percent over the
preceding year. Nine out Of 10 of
these degree graduates were women |
students Il
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
LIST CASUALTIES

1t. Gen. Vandergrift, command
ant of the marine corps, said the
right thing when he stated in
Washington, little while back,
that Negro marines were no long
er on trial. They were marines, pc
Rod"
Some Of our Negro casualties
evacuated from Two Jirna to an
army field hospital on this advanc-
ed American base are: Pfc. Ray
mond Glen, Jonesboro, Ark Pvt,
James Hawthorne. Seneca, s. c.,
and Pic. James Davis, Philadelphia
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
GRADUATE STUDENTS

According to Dr. Martins find
ings, ID institutions for Negroes are
now offering graduate work lead
ing to masters degree. Thirteen
had sos graduate students in at
tendance during the full term, 1914
45 and total of 2,043 students dur
ing the entire school year, 1894
Ten colleges conferred total of 172
masters degrees during the last
school year.
Sixty-two institutions report
total of 337 veterans of college level
and 100 below college level enrolled
during the fall term, under the
provisions Of the recently enacted
CT bill.
Whether or not enroliments con-
tinue to increase, Martin states, de-
ponds on the course of the war and
the health of the economic order.
Continued full employment, wheth-
er for war or for peace, will result
in expanding enrolment.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
MALE STUDENTS OFF

Due to wartime conditions, the
Howard professor points out, male
students constitute less than one
fifth of the college population
whereas in pre-war days they were
about 45 per cent of the total en-
rollment. One-half the male stu
dents are freshmen, most of whom
are below the required military age
of 18 years.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
Men Handled
Ammunition,
Vital Supply
Fought Side
By Side With
Combat Troops
BY PFC. JARVIS ROBINSON and
PFC. LEONARD VAUGHN
Associated Negro Press Marine
Combat Correspondents

TWO JIMA - (ANP) - Negro
marines have been under fierce Jap
artillery and mortar fire and have
fought bravely side by side with
combat troops to help stem counter
attacks.
Piling on the torn beaches, which
were Systematically being raked by
shells lobbed down on them from
Jap gun positions in the volcanic
hills, were three depot companies
and one ammunition They did a
wonderful job of handling vital sup
plies such as ammunition, food and
water in ship to shore operations,
day and night.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-04-07
LANDED ON D.DAY

Some landed D-day during the
initial hours 0 assault, others a few
days later, but every one was I'M
der fire at one time or another.
During the early stages of this
struggle, many were unable to per-
form their regular duties because of
the heavy concentration of Jap fire
in their area which, according to
marine corps combat correspondents
present, was as violent as any they
had ever seen in the Pacific
Two lima was one of the tough
est battles the marines have ever
fought in their Pacific warfare
against Japanese forces and Negro
marines here have followed closely
in the path of glory blazed by their
other Negro conrad who made
milestones for our race at Saipan
and Guam in the Marianas islands
and Pelilieu in the Palau group.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
Eastern Stur
Officers Include
Prominent Nu1nes

Pride of the West Chapter 9,
o. E. S., held its annual election of
officers, December II, at Phyllis
Wheatley House. Those elected
and properly installed for the en-
suing year include:
Mrs. Clara Allen of st. Paul,
Worthy Matron; Mrs. Mary Duke,
Assistant Worthy Matron; Felix
Fogg, Worthy Patron; Associate
Worthy Patron, W. P. Martin;
Conductress, Mrs. Estelle Sims:
Associate Conductor, Mrs. Wise;
Secretary, Mrs. Blanche Brisco;
Treasurer, Mrs. Lena Cobb; Chap
lain, Mrs. Elizabeth Van Hook;
Marshall, Mrs. Mamie Mccoy of
st. Paul; Warder, Mrs. Lillian
Cobb; Sentinel, Mrs. Lucy Harris;
Organist, Mrs. Beulah Mitchell.
The Star officers include: Ada.
Mrs. leila Shepherd; Ruth, Mrs.
Fern Helm; Esther, Mrs. Mabel
Willis; Martha, Mrs. Margie Beas-
ley; Electa, Mrs. Mae Stewart
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
Sgt. Virginia Lane
Gets YuIe Gift;
Army DISCHARGE

Sgt. Virginia M. Lane, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. James H. Lane,
722 Fremont Ave. N, has returned
home after three years service in
the WACS, ten months Of which
were spent overseas in England
and France. She was discharged
from Fl. Dix, N. J., on November
Is.
When she was discharged she
received five ribbons: the Euro
pean Theatre of Operations ribbon,
WAC medal, Good Conduct Medal,
American Defense ribbon and the
Victory ribbon. While overseas,
she attended the Southern College
of Art, Portsmouth, England,
under the Training Within Civilian
Authority Plan of the U. S. Army.
Miss Lanes first assignment in
the Army was at the Walla Walla
Army Air Base, Wash, where she
was one of the first Negro WACs
assigned to the Air Corps. She
was also stationed in Wendover,
Utah, and Sioux City, Iowa. She
worked in personnel as payroll
clerk. Miss Lane was also in the
group of the first Negro WACs
to be assigned overseas, a member
Of the 6888th Central Postal Di-
rectory. She was the first Negro
WAC from Minnesota.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
John Lawrence
Is New Head
OF MasOns

The annual meeting of Perfect
Ashlar Lodge 4, Free and Accepted
Masons, Minnesota, and Jurisdic-
ton prince Hall Affiliation) was
held at the Perfect Ashlar hall, st.
Paul, on Tuesday evening, Deem
Der II.
Officers elected and appointed
for the ensuing year were: Wor-
shipful Master, John R. Lawrence,
Jr.; Senior Warden, Lee A.
Gwynne; Junior Warden, H. Ran
som Coins; Secretary, Gerald C,
Hargrave; Treasurer, W. S. Butler;
Senior Deacon, Leroy F. Lazen-
berry; Junior Deacon, Edmond T,
Moore; Senior Steward, Robert
Turpin; Junior Steward, Roger W,
Neal; Chaplain, Firston White;
Tyler, Freddie Hall.
The new officers were installed
by George L. Hoage, Past Grand
Master, and the election was con-
Quoted by Grand Master Lawrence
E. Tarver.
Trustees named were: Chair
man, George L. Hoage, Clarence
Roper and Lawrence E. Tarver.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
Annual Officers
Named to Posts
By Corinthians

The officers for Corinthian
Temple 1872, S. M. T., who were
elected at the annual meeting on
Sunday, December 9, include:
Worthy Princess, mabel Harris;
Vice Princess, Inez Ford; Financial
Secretary, Helen Lawrence; Re
cording Secretary, Villa Mae Bar
Der; Treasurer, Lear Howard;
Chaplain, Julia Lewis; Zilla, Jua-
nita McGruder; Senior Marshal,
Elizabeth Wooten; Junior Mar
shall, Marie Rawls; Chairman, Sick
Committee, Massie Reasby; Pilot,
Lucille Hall; Inside Gate Keeper,
Lillian Brown; Outside Gate Keep
er, Lena Brown.
The election was conducted by
the National Deputy Princess, Ma
omi Thomas.
Worthy Princess, Mabel Har-
ris, is having a Christmas party
for all Corinthian Temple members
on Thursday, December 81, at 8
p. m, at her home, 445 Kent st.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
Auto Injuries Fotul
To Mrs. Frunces Duvis

Mrs. Frances Davis, age 76, GOA
Seventh st. N, was fatally in
jured Friday evening, December
IA, when she was struck by an
automobile driven by John A.
Peterson, of 1889 James Ave. S.
Mrs. Davis was Immediately taken
to General hospital where she died
at 1910 that evening.
Mr.. Peterson, driver of the car,
claimed that Mrs. Davis was walk
ing against the red light.
Funeral services were held
Wednesday at 2 p. M, at Zion
Baptist church with the Rev. II. W.
Bolts officiating. Interment was
at Crystal Lake cemetery.
Mrs. Davis is survived by two
sons, Clarence and Lee, both OF
Minneapolis and five grandchil-
dren.
Among out-of-town people who
attended the funeral were: Mrs,
Lorna Morgan and grandson
Franklin, of Milwaukee, Wis. Neal
Funeral Home was in charge OF
arrangements.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1945-12-21
General Davis
To Quit Army
On December 81

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(NNPA)
-Brigadier General Benjamin o.
Davis, ST., will be relieved from &C.
tive duty December 81, under plans
of the War Department to reduce
its general officer strength which
reached a peak on July 1 last.
The War Departments plan calls
for all general officers who have
returned to active duty from retire
ment, or have remained on active
duty following retirement, to be re-
lieved as soon as possible.
General Davis was promoted to
brigadier general on October %,
1910, and retired on July 81, 1871.
He was recalled to active duty the
following day.
Since his return to active duty he
has served as an assistant to the
Inspector General. He was given
an assignment in the European
theater Of operations in September,
1912, as adviser on problems of col
ored soldiers and upon his return
to the United States one month
later he was assigned to duty in the
office of the Inspector General.
In November, 1914, he became
special assistant to the command
ing general, Communications Zone,
European theater of operations,
with station at Paris, France. He
recently returned to the States
from this assignment.