davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The consensus of most students of
German warfare is that in spite of what
the top Nazi leaders NAV say, the under
ground and guerrilla fighting will not
amount to much after the backbone of
the fighting forces has been broken.
No one can say for certain what is
going to happen in the Reich when the
rank and file of the population realizes
that 1t is facing the greatest catastrophe
In history. The generals already know
that they are confronted with utter
defeat. Under different circumstances
they would have forced their government
to sue for peace some time ago. This is
no longer possible because peace means
unconditional surrender without any
"loopholes."
Those who have been studying the
history of German wars know that as
soon as the chances of winning have
disappeared the generals insist that their
government ask for peace in order to
save manpoWer and thus enable the
next generation to prepare for come
back. Not only do they thus save young
lives but they also spare the German
soil from devastation.
II
1eIIlldIy Is DelDB devastated Dy the
uninterrupted air bombardments and by
the bitter fighting in the east and the
west. The chances of saving the youth
for an eventual comeback is extremely
slim and depends entirely on whether or
not the future government east of the
Elbe River will be able to harmonic"
itself with the Russian government.
The Big Three have gone on record
as saying Germany will be called on to
reconstruct the devastated areas in the
east, and, according to Moscow reports
this will require the work of 10000, 900
strong, able-hodied Germans for
period of at least 10 years.
This factor has been taken into con-
sideration by some observers who have
predicted that the Germans will take to
the mountains and fight guerrilla war
fare for many years
In the past, however. the German
military psychology was not that of the
guerrillas. The great ability of the
German armies always was based on
superiority in numbers, armament and
command. Guerrilla warfare demands
lnd1viduallSm, not mass maneuvers. The
Germans are known to be excellent as a
mass but rather inefficient as lone fight
ers. Guerrilla wars are best carried out
IN wild territories such as the Philip
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Advocates Physicians Garage

Advocates physicians garage
To the Editor of The Star:
1t seems to me that in this particular
time of rationing and distribution that
one of the most important factors to
the welfare of the public has been
ignored.
I speak of the servicing and repairing
of the car used by the physician. Why is
it not possible for him to have some
sort of priority which would enable
him to have immediate attention when
he pulls into garage? Surely his car
at all times should be prepared for any
emergency! But what confronts him?
Why this: He is told that he will have
to wait, he will have to come back or
there is no one available to cope with
the problem the car offers.
Why not have special garage where
the physician may be certain of i'm
mediate, competent help, with an eff
cient mechanic always on the Job?
Often the physicians car goes bad
as he parks for the evening or as he
starts to make his calls for the day or
just as he leaves patients home, and
that is just the moment when the
garage cannot send man for his car
nor offer any aid because mechanics are
too busy. Surely the physician in war
time should have every assistance pos
sible, and that should cover gas, serv-
icing and repairing of his car.
FRED REPETTI, M. D.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03

gymnasiums scattered over the
country from coast to coast.
How we'll DR.. Naismith did his
work is proven by the circumstance
that twenty-five different nations
sent basket ball teams to compete
in the last Olympic Games at Berlin
in 1886. Naturally, there have been
changes in the rules and in the
technique of playing in the past fifty
years, but "the fundamental prin-
ciple" that the ball is handled with
the hands only" remains. Mr.. Menke
insists that basket ball is the only
major sport which is purely
of American origin" With equal
logic, he might contend that it is
one of the very few games which is
definitely modern.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03

The situation on the Rhine front is
not yet fully clear, but what it looks
like is this:
The Germans apparently made up
their minds that it would be dangerous
to fight battle of decision with the
Rhine at their backs and therefore
have been Systematically evacuating
troops and material across the river.
probably for some time.
They left delaying force of five or
six second-class divisions along the
Roer, backed up by few armored
units This force has now been driven
across the Erft by the American LIST
Army and is making another stand
possibly only delaying stand-on the
high ground just east of the Erft, the
Vorgebirge.
The Germans had to cover their
withdrawal and prevent Allied inter-
ference with it, This could be accom-
plished as far as the 1st and 9th Army
fronts were concerned by the flooding
of the Roer River, which prevented an
Allied advance until the flood subsidized
But the tanks of the German positions
also were threatened by the advance
of the Canadian LIST Army in the north
This had to be stopped, and the only
way to stop or delay it was to use good
troops: The scanty German mobile re-
serves. Some IL good German divisions
were engaged on this front. 1t is nota-
BILE that no second-class troops at all
are fighting the Canadians. These IL
divisions are probably the immediate
objective of Field Marshal Montgomery's
21st Army group. They are more i'm
portant than cities.
Accordingly, the 9Th U. S. Army has
swerved northward and is driving up
behind the German forces facing the
Canadians. The speed of the advance
indicates that calculated risks are being
taken jim order to get to the Rhine
bridges opposite Dusseldorf, east of
Crefeld and opposite Duisburg, in order
to cut off the retreat of these German
troops across the Rhine.
The bridges opposite Dusseldorf
have already been blocked, or at least
are under artillery fire. American
troops are reported to have reached
Crefeld, which cuts off across to another
bridge. The Duisburg bridges, Of which
there are at least three still intact, are
now the most important to the Ger
mans; they have not yet been reached,
and there is at this time no indication
that we intend to destroy them from
the air. That decision may be taken
later If it turns out that the 9th Army
cannot reach them in time. North of
Duisburg there is only one other bridge
across the Rhine which is in service
able condition-the rail bridge at Wesel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
On the Rhine Front
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

The left flank of the 9th Army has
reached out to the Mas at Venlo. Over
the whole of the 9th Army front there
has been a decided lack of resistance.
Not only Venlo, but the important
industrial center of Munchen Gladbach
and towns like Viersen and Dulken
have fallen without much fighting.
This substantiates the impression that
the Germans are pulling back behind
the Rhine, and have no intention of
fighting a big battle this side of the
river if they can help it. But their
one hostage to fortune is the army of
Gen. Student, the II good divisions
which they cannot afford to lose
One question becomes more prom
inent: Where is the British I'd Army?
1t was developed along the Mas north
and south of Venlo, and along the Roer
from Roermond to Linnich. But it is
clear that the Germans cannot have
left any great numbers of troops ON
that front; if there are any Germans
there, they are hopelesSly enveloped by
the 9th Armys thrust to Venlo. Ger
tainly there cannot have been enough
Germans to occupy the attention of
whole British army, even though its
strength has been somewhat drawn
upon to reinforce the Canadians
The impression grows stronger that
the I'd British Army may turn out to
be Gen. Eisenhowers strategic reserve,
the surprise element" which every one
of his battles has SO far produced when
the time was ripe, and which las not
yet appeared in this one. Possibly The
1st Allied Air. Borne Army will be part
of that surprise; it is believed to have
been reconstructed, at least none Of It's
divisions have been reported in action
for some time.
1t is easy to see how an air-borne
army, in conjunction with a swift
moving veteran ground army. could be
used in river-crossing operation. Pos
sibly the failure to destroy from the
air the bridges at Duisburg and else
where has something to do with this
part Of Gen. Eisenhowers plan; or per-
haps the Dusseldorf bridges are one OF
. the detectives of the 9th Armys dash
to the Rhine. Or the main blow may
come elsewhere, possibly in the Arm
hem sector. All this is just conjecture,
but it is conjecture Quilt on study
of the Eisenhower methods in The past
and the application of that study to
existing conditions.
One thing we may assume as certain.
The Eisenhower eye is never taken from
the ball and the ball is not Dusseldorf
or Cologne or the Krupp steel works.
The ball is the German armies Of the
west.
icopyriEht 194B)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Churchill on the Levunt

Although public interest in the
Prime Minister'S recent report to the
House of Commons naturally CEN
tered on the Yalta Conference and
the decisions taken there by the
Big Three. Mr.. Churchill had
other things to say concerning the
troubled lands and peoples of the
Near and Middle East, which the
Western world formerly knew by the
collective term of "The Levant"-
the region of the sunrise.
Mr.. Churchill made it plain that
his purpose was ito calm things
down as much as possible in the
Levant. 1t should not be supposed
that anything in the nature of a
general conference on Middle East
affairs took place. There was
no question of shaping a new policy
for the Middle East, but rather to
make these friendly, personal con-
facts by which public business be-
tween various states is often helped"
Offhand, this might sound unim-
portant; yet it does not require in
innate knowledge of the current
situation to realize that the entire
Levant is today seething with forces
which certainly need calming" in
this interim period when the war
in Europe is not yet over and a gen.
eral postwar settlement cannot be
begun. Mr.. Churchill's purpose was
therefore to arrange series of ten
tative agreements whereby explosive
outbreaks could be prevented and
attempts to solve ticklish problems
could be adjourned to a more pro-
pitious time.
One of the most useful means to
this end is the notice served on
those Oriental regimes to qualify
for membership at the coming
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Basket Ball

b 1t seems incredible that the sport
alleged to have the largest following
of any in the United States should
be only a little more than half a
century Old Yet The Star for March
2, 1895, a glance at the file shows,
carried an article about basket ball
divided into two SyllableS-in which
the game is referred to as a novelty
It's considerable popularity among
. the athletic clubs of the CITY," how
ever, was conceded; and the fact
that "a successful tournament has
been in progress for a number
of weeks" was cited as an indication
that a new form of healthful and
energetic recreation had come to
stay. Local enthusiasts included:
Oscar P. Schmidt, described as
president of the District League;
R. J. Beall, jr., and Joseph A. Burk-
hart, vice presidents; John A.
Heydler, secretary; James Martin,
treasurer; John T. Crossley, Robert
c. Howard, Maurice A. Joyce. Ernst
Schafhirt, Harry R. McCabe, E. E.
Wilkerson and Fred Litchfield,
delegates.
But Washington did not claim
credit for the invention of basket
ball. The author of The Star story
of 1895 probably did not know where
or under what auspices it originated.
Very few persons at that date were
aware that it had been invented
literally made to ORDERLY DR..
James A. Naismith, physical director
of the YMCA in Springfield,
Massachusetts,, late in 1891" Frank
G. Menke, in his comprehensive
Encyclopedia of Sports" says: 1.-THE
first real game was not played until
January 20, 1892" The same au-
thority quotes DR.. Naismith as
writing in 1887 that he was "as-
signed" to "the task of inventing a
game" by DR.. Luther Halsey Guliek,
sponsor of those physical training
programs which had much to do
with the evolution of the modern "Y''
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03

may make the trip to welcome the dele
gates of the United Nations, or to con-
graduate them upon their accomplish
ments when the job has been COM
pleted 1t is within the bounds of proba-
bility the President, on his swing across
the continent, may make one or more
stops to drive home the need of Amer
lean adherence to the new organiza-
ton. The Midwest in the past has been
a stronghold of so-called isolationism
The President is in better position
than was the late President Woodrow
Wilson to make successful fight for
American collaboration with the other
nations of the world. First, the country
has back of it two failures to remain
aloof from world conflict, instead of one
Second, the issue of international COL
liberation for peace has been debated
throughout the Nation during the last
three years and particularly during
The last political campaign, when Gov
Dewey of New York, the Republican
presidential nominee, stood strongly for
IN international organization. Mr.. Dewey
did everything he could to lift this issue
beyond partisan politics. And, as the
President himself pointed out, this time
the Allied nations have not waited until
after the war to set up the machinery
for peace. While they are fighting to
win the war they are working together
10 keep war from happening again.
World peace is not a partisan politi-
Cal question-or it should not become
so. There is no slightest doubt that Re-
publicans are just as favorable to main
tenance of peace as are Democrats.
Obviously, this question must not be-
come partisan issue, if the necessary
two-thirds vote of the Senate for ratifl-
cation of the treaty setting up the peace
organization is to be forthcoming.
The President realizes, no doubt, that
the fight is not yet won, that there are
still the old seeds of isolationism, merely
awaiting opportunity to burgeon. AL
ready the Yalta agreements have been
sharply attacked in some quarters
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Hobeus Corpus Abuses

A recent decision by the Court OF
Appeals for the District should prove
of material assistance in eliminating
the abuses which have grown up
around the writ of habeas corpus
the essential purpose of which is to
protect persons against illegal arrest
and detention.
Because this writ is so closely tied
to our concepts of individual liberty,
the courts have been alert to guard
against anything tending to impair
its vitality. But this, in turn, has
led to abuses which have seriously
interfered with the proper function
Ing of the courts themselves, and it
was toward this evil that the appel
late tribunals decision was directed.
These abuses have been most fla
grant in the District. One person,
in a period of less than five years,
filed fifty writs of habeas corpus in
the District Court Another person
presented twenty-Seven petitions, a
third twenty-four and so on. AS
result. according to the appellate
court, the habeas corpus writ in
these and similar instances has be-
come "a device for haraSsing court,
custodial and enforcement officers
with a multiplicity of repetitiouS,
meritless requests for relief"
TIC a considerable extent this con-
dition is attributable to the Roster
decision by the Court of Appeals in
1912, in which it was held in a
habeaS corpus proceeding that
administrative inconvenience, even
occasional abuse of the facilities of
the courts, is but small price to
pay for the precious right of access
to the courts guaranteed under our
system of government to all who
claim to be Wronged.' That doctrine
served to stimulate the filing of friv-
olous habeas corpus proceedings,
and it is forthrightly and commend
ably modified in the courts most
recent decision.
There is not space here to set out
In detail the new standards which
have been laid down fo~ the guidance
of the lower courts. But there seems
every reason to believe that the
Court of Appeals has accomplished
its purpose-to preserve, in full
vigor, the writ of habeaS corpus as
the greatest of all safeguards against
official oppression, and, at the same
time, to protect the writ from abuse.
incidentally, the court has also
dealt explicitly with the danger to
the public that was inherent in the
tendency of some judges to order
the release of insane persons on
habeaS corpus writs. I'm no case of
a person held in Saint Elizabeth's
because of insanity should a Judge
order his release Internationally in
habeaS corpus proceeding" the
court declared 1T would be as
unWISe to discharge such a person,
without a scientific investigation, as
1t would be intolerable to compel the
continued confinement of a person
whose sanity has been restored"
In the layman's estimation, that
deals quite satisfactorily with what
had become a real menace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03

From the St. Louis Post Dispatch.
The phenomenon of the fourth term is
certainly a curiosity which historians
will null over as long as United States
history is written, and perhaps as good
an occasion as any for a start is now
Sixteen years at the helm of state is
a long time; in fact, people who have
made virtually a lifework of voting
against Mr.. Roosevelt have persuaded
themselves that the years. even, were
more protracted than years are given
to being.
There have, to be sure, been monarchs
who governed longer. Queen Victoria
ruled for "a years, Louis XIV for u. Mr..
Roosevelt would not come even with
Louis until the tag end of an eighteenth
term. some time in the year zoos, so
It's simply not worth trying.
Even now, no child In the United
States who Is II years old or younger
has lived under any other President
than Franklin Roosevelt. According to
the psychologists, memory usually goes
no further back than about the age Of
S, SO 1t is probably true that no ona
younger than Is remembers time when
there was any other President.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Old Woman

She lives in quiet worlds, Dhsrs red
eyed embers
Spin shado,o patterns, Uhsrs her
memory tDedDes
A snare tor all the things her heart
remembers
A casket for the dreams abe still
believes.
Do not disturb her she u tired
and old,
Too many speed mad days hnps
touched her brop;
Her dreams tell Dictim to lies dettlv
told
She is the phantom not the
prophet noU.
Yet, If she spoke, or lifted blue veined
hands
To point the pitfalls that besiege all
men
Who ,Daste the coin OF time the
golden sands
OF youth once run, that neper rum
again
No one ,Dottld listen $. least of all,
the young:
And so she sits and rocks and holds
her tongue.
LUCILLE s. JACKSON.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
At the Rhine

apparently are somewhat behind
the actual sweep of events but they
are vivid and full enough to make
gratifyingly clear that enemy re-
sistance has fallen apart on this
side of the Rhine and that the river
of destiny" may not serve much
longer to save Nazi Germany from
the doom now closing in upon it
from all sides
Though still young, the massive
offensive of the American First and
Ninth Armies-described as the
greatest offensive in our military
hiStory-obviouSly has achieved
gains of the most momentous kind.
The list of fallen German cities
steadily grows, with most of them,
unlike Aachen, falling without much
fight At NeuSS. at the western eX-
tremity of the vital Ruhr industrial
area, the Ninth has begun Smelling
Dusseldorf and already is reported
w 14nFC oCllG C4ClIiCllCo dCiOoo tllS
Rhine. To the south the First has
advanced to within less than five
miles of Cologne and our artillery
is even now pounding away at that
greatest of Rhineland cities.
Farther south still, in its own,
Older offensive, the American Third
Army has taken historic Trier to
open the MOSelle Valley road to
COblenz Meanwhile, at the north
ernmost end of the front. the Cana
dian First moves closer and closer
to junction with the Ninth thus
threatening to entrap all German
forces between the two armies.
Meanwhile, too, the British Second,
which has been hiding it's time be-
tween the Ninth and the Canadian
First, is now said to be significantly
on the moVe-a development likely
to accelerate the enemy's disinte-
grafton in front of the Rhine.
On the basis of present reports 1t
would be premature to say that Gen.
eral Eisenhower has realized his
great Overwhelmingly, to destroy
the German Army west of the Rhine
opposite the Ruhr. The evidence,
however, indicates that he has come
close to doing that, with news dis
patches from the front fatty assert
ing that the offensive is rapidly be-
ginning to resemble what happened
after the break through in France.
In some sectors enemy forces are in
disorderly rcut. the number of
prisoners mounts steadily, Nazi COM
manders seem bewildered and dis
organized, and the Ninth Army alone
is believed to have already destroyed
five German infantry divisions, plus
administering a severe mauling to
three armored divisions.
1t remains to be seen what success
the enemy will have in fleeing
across the Rhine, but with collapse
already upon him in front of the
river and with our air forces and
artillery interdicting roads and
bridges, his ability TO achieve a
large scale withdrawal seems strictly
limited, and if it is true that we
have effected a crossing at Neuss,
this last great water barrier to the
Ruhr and the North German Plain
is not likely to help him very greatly
unless he can swiftly marshal large
forces for a counterattack.
Coupled with what the Red Army
is doing in the east and with what
our bombers and fighters are doing
everywhere in Germany, the often
sive in the west is full of such ire
mendous potentialities that it is
hard to escape the feeling that the
war in Europe is coming very close
to decision.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03

Every once in a while there pops
up the subject of further cuts in
clothing materials. The male sex
hopes these will be applied to skirts
and not to shirt tails
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-03
Lengthy Tenure
Prom the St. Louis Post Dispatch.

Rights Reserved }
The Nome nugget., 1945-01-05

SPRINGFIELD OHIO - Dracons Wionyx Nancy above,
the highest priced Jersey yearng of all time when
bought for by Boden Spring Day Farm here at the Sale of
Stars conducted by the American Jersey Cattle Club Nancy
the club by j. W. Rdgway Antonio
from Heep Farm Texas sold for $0 The 81
Of Stars averaged and Melted the building fund for the
Jersey Club headquarters Columbus $66925
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-29
Light Vote
Predicted

4 light vote in the election
Monday IS expected out-county.
according 20 James N. Friel,
chairman Of the Wayne County
Board OF Auditors.
One reason for the anticipated
small vote. and for the few ballots
cast in Fehruary's primary, is that
those elections are on Mondays,
according 10 FrleL
a survey Of the county by Friel
shows a vote heavier than In the
primary is expected IN Lincoln
Park. where all city officials are
10 be elected and a charter
amendment for a pension for city
employees Is 20 be voted on: Ply
mouth, where three commissioners
are 20 be elected, River Rouge,
eleCtlng three commissioners and
a treasurer. Wyandotte, with
three CounCilmen and one Consta-
bic 10 he elected, and a charter
amendment legallzlng the dona-
ton of municipal service funds 10
the city Will be on the ballot, and
IN Dearborn, with four charter
amendments up.