Evening star., 1945-06-22
Draft Of Charter
Differs Widely From
Dumbarton Program
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER.

The Dumbarton Oaks plan formed
the basis for the document drafted
here. Perhaps the greatest differ
ence is in the increased power ol
the proposed general assembly Of
all member nations. This is being
hailed by small nations as a great
victory for themselves.
Chapters of the charter are be.
ing arranged in final order, but
there are about 18 of them in all
as compared with IL in the Dunn
barton Oaks version. Included il
a system for international trustee
ship rule of dependent areas, which
was not in Dumbarton Oaks at all
In addition, this conference pro.
duced plan for new world court
Still Subject to Change.
Text of the final draft of the
charter has been distributed to each
delegation. Secretary of State
Stettinius described it as subject tc
approval by the final session of the
conference. Until that approval *
given, he said, it is subject to
change.
Here are main provisions of the
charter as now drafted:
Purposes-The United Nations
organizations chief purpose is to
maintain peace and security by
peaceful means or force. Also it
will seek to develop friendly rela- =
lions among nations, promote eco
nomic and social cooperation and
afford machinery for nations con-
stantly to talk over their interna-
tional problems. 1t should do these
things, the charter says. in accord
with justice and human rights,
Dumbarton Oaks had not mentioned
Justice and human rights as pur-
poses.
Principles-All member states so
nations AT San Francisco, pledee
themselves to use force only in
accordance with the purposes of the
organization and not to aid any
nation against which the league
takes action. They bind themselves
also to respect territorial integrity
and political independence of each
other. This pledge approaches a
definition Of aggression, something
Dumbarton Oaks did not do. Also
added here is general ban against
the league interfering in any ma
tion's domestic affairs.
Eranno Snain -ExclnA~d
Membership-It is TO be open to
all peace-loving states. The con-
ference adopted an informal defini-
ton that this would not incluoe
Franco Spain or any other country
whose administration came to power
with Axis aid.
Principal organs These are Gb
general assembly, y, security coun-
Gil, t3) court, "a economic and So
cial council, go trusteeship coun-
ell. t6) secretarlat The trusteeship
council is brand new, the economic
and social council had been given
an inferior role at Dumbarton Oaks.
General sssembly-This consists
of all member nations. The Oaks
plan saw it only as a restricted de-
batting society. The charter allows
1t TO debate anything within the
scope of the charter, rallying world
public opinion, and to make rec
to the security coun-
Gil or to member nations on viz
tually any international situation.
1t will receive security council re-
ports
Such broad grants of authority
were a victory for small nations
All nations have equal votes in the
assembly. 1t will meet annually
but may have special sessions.
Security council-It is given II
of which five must be the
United States. Britain, Russia
France and China. The assembly
elects the other SIX, taking account
of their military resources and To-
cation. a qualification sought by
middle powers like Canada and
Right TO Appeal.
The council cannot refuse any
state the right to appeal dispute
TO it. None OF the big powers can
prevent discussion of the dispute
First, peaceful means. then force
may be employed to settle it. but
the council has to vote any action
by ma jority of seven. including all
the Big Five.
Thus any one Of the Big Five
tthis is the long argued veto power
can block an action except on peace
full settlement when it is party to
a dispute: then 1t cannot vote
at all.
For using force the councils mill
tary command is a military staff
committee of the Big Five chiefs
of staff.
International court of Justice
The charter provides for creation of
the court, but its detailed plan of
is separate document
The court is more closely linked
with the organization than the old
COuI W tllC Olu LCdS uC Vi lSdb dblOilS
Only United Nations or countries
approved by the United Nations may
become members of the court.
Arrangements for maintenance of
International peace and security in
prevention and suppression
of aggression-Any state may sppea.
TO the council and it may look into
any situation on it's own. After
the council may investi-
gate, use concilation. arbitration or
the like or otherwise try to settle
a situation.
Force Can Be Used.
1t may recommend terms of q set
Notwithstanding the Oaks plan
did not allow-peacefully and in ac-
cordance with justice and interna-
tional law. Failing peaceful settle.
ment, it may use economic, political
or military force to prevent breach
Or threat of the peace or to suppress
an aggression once it occurs.
The members of the United Ma
tions must make special agreements
TELLING what f0rcns eock 70 ,, c,rpr1x,