davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-12-11
Liuds+vo Evrope V |e+osnii zimi

Ameriski correspondent poro-
cajo IL raznih delov Europe, kak-
sni SO izgledi "a tamkajsnja ljud-
stva v prvi povojni zimi. Glad
win Hill poroea liz Poljske, da
so izgledi tamkajsnjega prebi-
valstva slabsi kot katere koli
druge dezele v Evropi, vkljueno
porazeno Nemcijo. Preko Poll
ske je dvakrat divjala vojna in
razdejanje je tako silno, da ze
zdaj biva do 100000 oseb LUX
njah, izkopanih v zemljo. zivil-
ska situacija v poljedelskih kra-
jih dezele nj proved slaba, toda
transportacijska sredstva so po-
manjkljiva in nj mogoce dostav-
ljati zivil mesta. Pomanjkanje
premoga je obcutno, bolezni je
zelo veliko, posebno jetike,
zdravnikov in zdravil nj dovolj
in 20 odstotkov bolnisnic je vol
ma unicila.
Jugoslavija DO po mnenju ko-
respondents Enderisa mnogo tr-
pela tel zimi, najvec zaradi po-
skodovanih transportacij- j.
skin sredstev "a zivila, obleko
in kurivo. Letina je bila po ne
kod dobra, drugod pa slabsa "a
radi suse. Produkcija premoga
ne DO zadostovala "a potrebe
prebivalstva, toda temu Sc bo "a
silo odpomoglo z lesom. Vojna
je razdejala mnogo mestec in va
ST in zasilna bivalisca bodo ma
limo tezka preizkusnja "a prebi-
valstvo.
Bolgarija nina velikega sta
novanjskega problema, razen V
glavnem mestu Sofiji. V mestih
DO tudi primanjkoyalo kuriva,
ma dezeli pa 81 bo ljudstvo po-
magalo z lesom. zivil bo "a silo,
kljub temu, da je bila letina "a
radi suse slabejsa kot obicajno.
V Grciji primanjkuje stano-
vanj, obleke, kuriva in ziveza.
Zunanja pomoc dezeli je znatna,
toda bo posebno pozimi tezko
dosegla mnoge kraje. Komuni-
kacije SO bile ze pref nezadost-
ne, in tiste, XII SO bile, jih je vol
ma razdejala.
Rumunijo, XII je v glavnem po-
ljedelska dezela,, je mocno pri-
zadela huda poletna susa. v
mnogih krajih DO manjkalo Ii
vii in kuriva, posebno, ker je yes
transportacijski sistem il reda.
V Avstriji bodo posebno priza-
deta velika mesta, ker tam lie BIZ
10 vojno razdejanje najveeje, in
materiala "a poprave manjka.
Tudi dovoz ziYeza in kuriya Y
yelika mesta je otezkocen zara-
di poskodovanih transportacij.
Madzarska je poljedelska de
zela in ma krnetih ne bo pomanj.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-12-11

septembra 1945, in je sledeee
.vsebiI1e: ! ~
"Iragi oce in Lojze!
"Sporoeam Vam, da smo pre-
jeli Vase pismo, katerega smo
bill zelo veseli.
'Ko jeT stara Jugoslavija pro-
padla, sva biia Sc donna, nisva
bila mic BE poklicana K vojakona.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-12-11


tam v ujetnistvu. Predno smo v
vojno stopili, sem bill tudi JAZZ
odloeen, da pridem nazaj v Ame-
riko, pa me je prehitelo, nisem
vedel, da je tako napeto. @-~
"Ko so Italijani zasedli mas
kraj, SO zaceli takoj vse tako kot
da je poitalijanceno in kdor da
je z njimi in proti MIN. Domaei
izdajalci so Sc jim takoj ponudi-
Ii in tako Sc je zacelo tudi So
vrastvo med ljudmi.
"Meseca maja, 1912 Sc je pri-
cello veliko podvigi, vse k par
tizanom. Italijane je postalo
strah in so Sc morali omejiti lie
ma najglavnejse postojanke,
drugo pa vse zapustiti. Takrat
je celia Slovenija zazivela v goz-
du, vse v hribe; Italijani MISC
imeli mic vec obstanka tn, zato
so morali napraviti ma mas par
tizane velike ofenzive in to ie BIZ
10 v zaeetku augusta 1912. Ma
vlekli SO vseh vrst topov, tankov
in to cd italijanske meje pa do
hrvaske. Po ravninah so bill sa-
mo topovi zakopani in to je vse
vgozd bruhalo. Pc Izanskem po-
lju je bilo vsepolno topov in avi-
jonov in vse v gozdove so obme-
tavali izstrelke. Italijani so mis-
ILL, da bo konec partizanov pc
ofenzivi. V ofenzivi so Italiiani
zelo veliko ljudi pobili ma Igu, v
Breslu, Tomislu in vse povsod.
Skrile COLO, Zapotok, Krvava
pee, tn je zelo malo moskih osta-
10. Iska vas, skrile colo, Krva
pee, Zapotok in Sc vse druge va
81 po hribih, so vse dotal pozga-
ne, po dvakrat, cello po trikrat.
Tudi ma Igu je kakih 80 his po-
skodovanih, nekaj do tai pozga-
nih, nekaj pa cd bomb poruse-
nih. Kar Sc tice porusenih, je ma
sa najbolj, sta padla diva topov-
ska izstrelka vanjo in lie zelo
poskodovana.
"Lojzetova prijatelja sta tudi
mrtva, Avancetov Lojze in La
paine. Tudi Mici povejte, tele-
gram smo tudi oddali nazaj.
"V ofenzivi sva bila tudi mi
diva ujeta in odpeljana V Italijo.
JAZZ sem bill " Padova, Rudolf pa
ma otoku Rabu in tudi Francka
in Valentino. z Rudolfom sva
bila do konca, dekleta 10 mese-
cev. Samo matt je ostala donna.
ze med ofenzivo SO nam vse TIA
lijani pobrali in tudi drugim; Ii
vino SO kar odgnali, prasi6e kar
ma mestu pOklali in kuretino.
Hisno opravo pa so odpeljali ali
pa sezgali, tako, da uniciti so
morali.
"Nadvse so sc pa odrezali ma
81 domaci izdajalski domobran-
ci. Pred temi je bill pa pravi tre-
pet ljudstva, oni SO pa morili kot
pobesneli volkovi.
"Sedaj bonn Sc malo opisal
naso internacijo. V Padavi je
bill logar "a 5000 ljudi, vsaki
dan smo dobili pet do osem de-
kagramov krul1a, zajtrk mala
seflica kave brez vsega, opoldne
pol Ultra neke vrste juhe, po par
makaronov, po diva centima dol
ga, zVecer pa ravno tako. V
dveh mesecih smo bill ze tako
sestradani, da nismo mogli dosti
hoditi. Sc vsak nj mogel It'll po
'minazo.' Tako je bilo do konca
INA Rabu je bilo pa Sc slabse.
Fam SO pa Sc pod sotorom spali
in ma goli zemlji, tam jih je pa
5000 ljudi pomrlo cd gladu.
Liudje, XII so morali lakoto pre-
trpeti, so zelo oslabljeni, nismo
vec tako odporni.
"Sedaj smo vsi donna, "a silo
Sc dosti zdravi. v nasi novi dr.
zavi Sc zelo obnavlja, da bono
nro 10 1ozivoli Lo,. ia Woo 1o1o +v
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-12-11

Professor Laski predsednik izvrsnega odbora angle
ske deavske sranke je bill ravnokar ma kratkem obsu
Zedinjenih drzavah e bill eden poglavitnh govornkov
shodu New Yorku XII Sc e bavil problemom cvilne
uporabe atonske energe.
Evening star., 1945-08-26

that Britain was reluctant to take
credits and was seeking some means
to secure an outright grant.
This would be out of the question
for the United States" Colmer said.
Evening star., 1945-08-26
D. C.. Man Found
Nozi Amozons
Real Donqer

The female Of the German species
was more deadly than the male to
q Washington sergeant, who was q
German prisoner for eight months.
He is S/Sergt. Thurlie D. Cooke,
300 Fifth street NE, and manager
of a Safeway meat market in
Georgetown before he Joined the
Army Air Forces.
1t was two pretty young frauleins
who captured Sergt. Cooke in Aug
ust, 1914, he told an Associated
Press reporter in Miami Beach, Fla,
where the 33-year-old Liberator
gunner now is stationed, awaiting
re-assignment. The sergeant said
he had parachuted to the ground
and was making his way toward
Switzerland when the two women
saw him.
They were blonde and pretty"
he said. Both had rifles and wore
leather skirts that hung just below
their knees. On their blouses they
wore swastika emblems. I didn' t
have much time to admire their
looks. because they ordered me out
Of my hiding place and marched me
about three quarters OF a mile to
home guard post"
Sergt. Cookies wife, Mrs. Daisy j
Cooke, lives at the Fifth street
address
Evening star., 1945-08-26
War Cost U.S.. 81 Subs
But Undersea Fleet
Got 1,1S7 Enemy Ships

The war cost the United States 50
submarines, but the underwater
fleet of more than 200 ships Official
ly sank 1,187 enemy vessels, includ-
ing 146 combatant ships.
Vice Admiral Charles A. Lock-
wood, jr., commander of the Pacific
fleet submarine force, announced in
Guam yesterday that all losses had
been reported. The last was the
Bullhead, reported Friday as over
due from war patrol in the Java
Sea on which she started July 81.
On July /, 1945, the Navy had
240 submarines in operation against
the enemy. Up to that date Al
losses had been announced. Dur
ing the five years of rapid naval
expansion, beginning July 10, 1910,
2l1 submarines were added to the
fleet. Nine submarines were among
naval vessels leased to our Allies
during the war.
The success attained by United
States submarines and losses COM
paratively light from the military
viewpoint resulted in substantial
cutback in the submarine construc-
ton program early in 1914.
Secretary Forrestal has credited
the underwater feet with the death
of Japan as a maritime power and
with sharing the honor of Destroy
ing her as a naval power.
The superiority of United States
submarines and the crews VINO
manned them was demonstrated by
comparative statistics. Germany
had about $50 submarines at the end
OF the war, with only about one
third in operating condition. Others
were obsolete or used as trainers.
German losses totaled 713 during
the entire war. of which ISL were
sunk by United States forces or
Allied forces under United States
control after the United States en-
tered the war.
The Japanese picture was even
worse. Best estimates by the Navy
placed her prewar submarine
strength at from 80 to 80 ships. War;
time building was estimated at 100
vessels, and surrender found her
with not more than so to 60 left,
placing her losses at about 100.
These estimates did not include
midgets or submarines used ex-
clusively for transport, about which
the Navy had no information.
Evening star., 1945-08-26
Leuse-Lend
Continued From First Page.)

keeping India and other sterling
bloc areas from buying American
goods, Mr.. Celler added:
I'VE want to help England out
of her unfortunate debt position,
but she is not playing cricket"
Vandenberg Surprised.
Senator Vandenberg, Republican,
OF Michigan, who often speaks for
Republican on foreign affairs, said
at a news conference that he was
surprised that the British were
caught unawares by the end of
lease-lend.
Senator Wagner, Democrat, of
New York, chairman of the Bank
ing Committee, told newsmen the
time for the end of lease-lend had
been long known and IT just can't
understand their attitude"
Chairman Bloom of the House
Foreign Affairs Committee said
that from the American viewpoint
British complaints are "unreason-
able, especially in view OF the fact
that the act made it perfectly plain
what was going to happen"
Bloom Agrees With Wagner.
Mr.. Bloom agreed with Senator
Wagner that the British outcries
will not hurt" British chances for
Export-Import Bank loans.
Representative Spence, Democrat,
of Kentucky, chairman of the House
Banking Committee, called the
British reaction ''unsubstantial in
view of the facts" but said we should
help with loans.
Conversations between former
Prime Minister Churchill and the
late President Roosevelt, il was re-
ported, always assumed that the
war with Japan would last long
enough after the victory over Ger
many for . gradual shift OF trade
away from lease-lend.
The kind Of Ansio-AmeFiean ESQ.,
Evening star., 1945-08-26
Polish Leaders Agree
Election Is Unlikely
Till Spring Of 1916
BY DANIEL DE LUCE,

Associated Press Foreign Correspondent.
BERLIN, Aug. 23.-Poland is still
too weak and damaged by war, yari-
GUS political leaders say, to hold
national election until next spring
at the earliest.
These Poles, of varied political be-
liefs, agree that the uncompleted
task of transferring 100000 of
their countrymen into the western
territories taken from Germany
makes 1t impossible to plan aSpopu-
lar vote this year.
In addition several million per-
sons of Polish blood have yet to be
moved from inside Russia. A vast
number of Poles also are scattered
from Germany to the Middle East.
The Poles declare emergencies in
war-wrecked agriculture, communi-
cations and industry also should
take precedence for at least an
other few months over "the lux
uries" Of party politics.
British Shipping Hit.
Staunch Polish friends of Britain
say they find it hard to understand
what they regard as sniping criti-
cism even in high quarters in Lon
don about Warsaw's inability as
yet to fix an election date.
They suggest that British criti-
cism stems from suspicion of Soviet
designs in Polish internal affairs
and serves only to complicate an
already complicated situation.
I have returned from a fourth
trip inside Poland within a year. I
found that the grim facts of life
getting a loaf of bread, finding a
sheltering roof, seeking missing
wife or child-take precedence over
all else in the thoughts of the Po-
lish common man today.
The Warsaw provisional govern
ment is going concern. Repre-
sentative Poles seem to believe that
the political coalition is the only
method for running the country in
the critical postwar years. The
continued partnership OF Peasants,
Socialists and Communists is de-
scribed as certain to speed up Po-
lish reconstruction.
News Freedom Assured.
Regardless OF political faith. the
Poles profess adherence to these
tenets:
Utmost freedom of movement and
observation for foreign correspond
ents.
Balanced political and economic
relationship with Polands friends
in both Of the east and west.
Facilitation Of the reduction of
Red Army forces in Poland to line
Of supply for the Russian garrison
In Germany.
On all official levels Russian -Po-
lish contacts are reported to be
excellent. Yet, in the western ter
ritories at least, the relations be-
tween the Soviet forces and Polish
civilians leave something to be de-
sired.
Industrialization may take longer
than most Poles thought, because
they had not taken into account
Soviet removal Of IS per cent Of Ger
man capital goods in the west. But
the IS per cent that is expected to
remain Is greater than the total in
dustrial equipment left behind by
the Poles east Of the Curzon Line.
Evening star., 1945-08-26

MOSCOW, Aug. Is lP.-The Mos
COW radio announced without COM
ment tonight the Bulgarian govern
ment's decision to postpone the gen.
eral election scheduled for tomorrow
Evening star., 1945-08-26

Eggs now cost 81 a dozen In Bel
gium.
Evening star., 1945-08-26
Navy Tells How Sub
Sank 45,0O0-Ton Jap
Batt|eship Off Formosa

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 25.-The
submarine Sealion singlehanded
sank the 45,o00-ton Japanese bat
tleship Kongo, OF Formosa, the
Navy revealed today, adding to the
history Of the craft which sank the
japanese prison ship, Rayuko, from
which she later rescued 54 British
and Australians.
The Sealion discovered the Kongo
and three other battleships, flanked
by destroyers. 40 miles north of
Formosa the night of November 81,
1914. She mortally wounded the
Kongo with four torpedo hits and
damaged another of the battleships.
Conclusion Of the Kongo's explo-
sion was so great the Sealion's off,
GERS and crew. some $500 yards
away, feared their submarine had
been discovered and hit.
The force of the pressure wave
from the explosion caused a suction
in the submarine which pulled loose
papers and strap caps up the hatch.
We thought the ship had been hit, /"
related 1t. G.gJ j. c. Bates, Sparta
Ill, who was operating the fire con-
troll equipment in the coming tower.
The Navy said this was the first
time single Navy unit of any type
had sunk Japanese battleship un-
assisted. The Sealion had operated
entirely on the surface-a daring
maneuver which completely baf1ed
the japanese.
Two months before the Kongo ac-
tion, the Sealion and four other
submarines discovered a japanese
convoy bound from. Singapore to
Japan. The Sealion fired a large
tanker, then sank the transport
Rakuyo as she was Illuminated by
the flaming oiler.
A few days later, she and the
submarine Pampanito saw consider
able debris and men on RATS. In
vestigation disclosed. British and
Australian prisoners, 159 of whom
were picked up and taken to re-
Gently captured Saipan.
Eggs now cost 20 a dozer, n, Pol
Evening star., 1945-08-26

nomic arrangement most commonly
spoken of here is long-term loan
at very low interest. There Is still
talk, however, of either a grant in
aid" or of a noninterest-bearing
loan which would be callable at such
distant time that in effect 1t would
be a gift.
1t seems certain that whatever
arrangement Is worked out will have
to be submitted to Congress.
The British Ambassador, Lord
Halifax, and the noted British econ
omist. Lord Keynes, together with
Robert H. Brand, banker and head
of a mission already in this coun-
try, will begin talks on some sort of
Anglo-American economic program
in about two weeks, British authori-
ties said.
Contract Was Suggested.
1t was suggested some months
ago that the British make a con-
tract by which they coulG buy on
credit any lease-lend materials on
order for them at the send of the
war.
France made such an agreement,
which will not cover their coal
needs, and Russia was on the point
of signing one earlier this year but
became involved in dispute over
the required interest of 23s per cent.
British Reject Proposal
The British, diplomatic officials
said, rejected the idea because Of
their already heavy debts.
One highly placed expert on Brit
ish problems said today that they
still figure they can talk us into
some sort OF free grant," but Brit
ish officials here said they doubted
that the British would accept q
grant because some other arrange
ment would hurt prestige less.
One suggestion was that if the
British adopted a foreign economic
policy calculated to increase inter-
national world trade they would be
good credit risk and the executive
branch of this Government would
do all it could within the limits of
congressional policy.
While she has received lease-lend
in huge volume, Britain also has
obtained goods from India and other
countries in great quantity during
the war and has built up great debts
in the form of so-called sterling
balances" These debts now amount
to about $4,000, 100000 according
to American sources.
Many American officials argue
that if the British want assistance
from this country during the recon-
struction period they must try
somehow to scale down their sterling
debts so that they can take Amer
ican credits.
Evening star., 1945-08-26
.Reconversion
Continued From First Page.)

OPA headaches In the days to come
The War Production Board, mean
while, continued to end more of its
controls over the civilian economy
More textiles and related items
including military luggage, were
freed for civilian use yesterday, a
result of cutbacks and termination
of war contracts.
Textile Materials Freed.
Manufacturers now are permitted
to use without limit cotton, wool
and synthetic yarns; hemp and jute
flberS, marine sponges, synthetic
rubber thread and textile fibers and
fabrics. The result will be that a
substantial amount of goods made
from these materials will flow into
civilian channels" WPB said.
WPB also announced it had with
drawn sponsorship Of four addi-
tiona1 mills for the processing of
guayllle shrub, cultivated early in
the war as an emergency measure
to augment rubber stockpiles. The
end of the war against Japan has
improved the outlook for natural
rubber, WPB said.
Since both phases of the war have
now ended 1t is reasonable to assume
that we will receive substantial
quantities of rubber from the liber-
ated areas next year." R. S. Wilson
director of WPB's rubber program,
stated. Therefore we have decided
against the expenditure of some $4,-
000, 900 of taxpayers money to obtain
additional natural rubber from
guayule."
The Office of Defense Transporta-
tion yesterday gave the transporta-
ton equipment industry assurances
that the end of WPB's controlled
materials plan September 80 would
not jeopardize production of badly
needed travel equipment.
While most priority ratings are
being abolished on that date, WPB
is prepared to issue emergency
ratings for the purpose of breaking
bottlenecks, ODT said.
Evening star., 1945-08-26
Senator Hatch Fovors
Washington as Seat
OF United Nations

Washington should be made
the permanent home of the
United Nations, Senator Hatch,
Democrat, Of New Mexico said
yesterday. 4
IT am in favor Of making
Washington the capital OF the
world and of bringing to
America all conferences of
every kind among the nations"
he said.
THAT is not said from a sell
fish standpoint or for Ameri-
can advantage. I would like
to see the seat Of whatever gov
ernment we have in a demo-
cratic nation. I know Of moth
ing that would be better for the
whole world than to have in
innate personal contact with
America, our own country"
Evening star., 1945-08-26
British Must Take Loans
From u. S.. CoImer Believes

LONDON, Aug. IS R.-Repre-
sentative Colmer, Democrat, of Mis-
sissippi, said today he believed Brit
ain will have to take large loans
from the United States. whether or
not they, or we, like It,"
Mr.. Colmer, head Of q special con-
gressional committee on postwar
economic policy which is leaving
London tomorrow for q tour Of the
continent, said he gathered from
talks with Prime Minister Attlee,
Foreign Secretary Bevin and Hugh
Dalton, Chancellor of the Excheuuer.
Evening star., 1945-08-26


1t. Nielsen first was allowed to
wash his teeth, have bath and a
haircut after he had been prisoner
120 days. He was transferred to
Marking April is, l943-a year after
the raid on Japan.
Imprisonment was the same daily
routine. 1t. Nielsen described it
as: Get up at 6 am. Breakfast at
8. Exercise with a guard between
1890 and IL. Lunch at II. Supper
at 5 pm. Bed at $50. The rest
of the time we had nothing to do
nothing is the hardest thing In the
world to do. There was nothing to
read"
In Peiping he saw the first Ameri-
cans since he was taken prisoner
"some Wake Island boys.
The night OF August 20 the Japs
came In, gave US shave and q
bucket Of hot water-that was .
Evening star., 1945-08-26
Bulgaria postpones
General Elections
Scheduled for Today
BY the Associated Press.


SOFIA, Aug. 25.-The Bulgarian
government today announced the
indefinite postponement of the gen.
eral election scheduled tomorrow,
and said the action was taken on
recommendation of the Allied Con-
troll Commission In the country.
The announcement followed sharp
notes from both Britain and the
United States regarding the compo-
sition of the present government
and the conditions under which the
elections were arranged.
(The election law in Soviet
occupied Bulgaria was defended
earlier this week by the Moscow
newspaper Izvestia as most
democratic.
The suddenness Of the govern
ment's decision was indicated by a
cable received yesterday by the
Fatherland Front National Commit
tee from Georgi Dimitrov, Bulgarian
Communist leader now in Moscow,
in which he said the Sunday vote
would be "a real peoples plebiscite
in favor Of the Fatherland Front
policies"
The Allied Control Commission s
recommendation, it was announced,
was made in a note from Deputy
Chairman Biryuzov, replying to a
Bulgarian note which said:
1.-THE government desires to con-
clude a peace treaty as soon as pos
sible with the U. S. S. R., the United
States and England in accordance
with the Potsdam decisions and to
gain the cooperation OF the three
great powers for restoration of the
country and its admittance into the
family of freedom-loving nations.
1T looks with the greatest serious
ness to Secretary of State Byrnes
and Foreign Minister Bevin's recon-
mendations in this respect expressed
in recent notes to us.
Should the Allied Control Com
mission find that postponement of
the elections will be a contribution
to speedier conclusion of the peace
(treaty), the Bulgarian government
declares it is ready to conform"
Last Saturday Secretary Byrnes
bluntly told Sofia that the Bull
garian government evidently had
not arranged for all democratic ele-
ments to participate in the election
free from the fear OF force and
intimidation"
MOSCOW ARG 2S tP-Ths Mos