davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Jackson Versed
As Prosecutor

Justice Jackson's reputation and
his record are a pretty good guaran-
tee that he will not be stumped
by any hurdles that international
lawyers might try TO put in his
way. But that does not mean he
will railroad" the accused. He will
not let the trials sink below a dig
nihed judicial level. They must be,
he says. trials in fact, not merely
trials in name, TO ratify a predeter-
mined result" On the other hand,
he does not believe that every step
must be taken in accordance with
technical common law rules of
proof" His record shows that he
is a direct actionist'-he can be
expected to pull no punches.
I said this was the greatest chal-
lenge the legal profession had ever
faced. I said that because upon the
manner in which these trials are
conducted will depend just how
clearly Naziism will be revealed 10
the people of the world in its true
light. These criminals must convict
themselves and their PHILOSOPHERS
out Of their own mouths. They must
not be allowed TO stand before the
world with their testimony and that
Of their accuserS as a background,
as martyrs to what jackson himself
calls 'farcical judicial trials" which
rationalize previously settled opin-
ions. This would destroy the con-
ldence Of the people in the whole
case for democracy, he believes. Nor
must the case against them be pre-
sented in such a manner as might
give even the skeptical false sug-
gestion that the enemies OF democ-
racy have a vestige Of right on their
side.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Army Will Stage
Teaching Exhibit

Ann Arbor-A working exhibit
OF Army Air Force training aids
showing how complicated techni.
cal subjects are slmplified through
the use OF "mock-ups", exploded
views and visual education-will
be demonstrated in the Elementary
Gymnasium of the University High
School here Friday and Saturday.
A six man team OF Army educa-
tional officers from the AAF Train.
ing Liaison Office In indianapolis
will demonstrate the educational
program from 8 a. m. to 4;30 p. m.
each day.
The exhibit, which has been hail.
ed as the model for technical edu.
cation in the nations schools after
the war, is open TO the public.
Teachers and educators from
Ann Arbor and vicinity are espe-
cially invited to attend. according
TO Marshall l.. Byrn, head OF the
department Of industrial arts at
the University High School.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
DOGS


The report in Saturdays paper in
regard TO the dogs and cats dying
in the first ward, is the first
have heard Of 1t. I have lived in
the first ward for nearly rs years
and | have never known but a few
people who have bought dog II.
censes, vaccinated their dogs or
observed the dog quarantine. It
Is probably the same all over the
city, but because | live in this ward,
suppose that | notice II more.
Every year when I buy a dog IL
cense. feel very resentful. be-
cause Of the fact that some Of the
people whom / know keep any
where from two to six dogs or even
more and sometimes a female,
which usually populates the neigh
borhood with from eight to ten
puppies twice year. And then
too, my dog has. to stay on the end
OF a chain, and there are plenty Of
dogs running loose, which could
come into my yard and bite my
dog and he couldn't help himself.
Some people might consider this
jealousy on my part. but II is
Just the fact, that 1t is unfair to
the few who are trying their best
to obey the laws Of our city. u
the city is paying a man TO look
after the dogs, be needs TO get on
the job and make the owners pay
up or dispose of the dogs. Some
one might use the old excuse
that we are short OF help, but
that doesn't mean any thing, be-
cause It has always been this way
II. D.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
just, Speedy Trials
For Germans

ed In war crimes (war department.
navy department, once of Strate-
gle Services, and others). Authority
for this action is vested in Execu-
tive Order 9547 Of May 2. l945. which
named Justice jackson as Amer
lean prosecutor.
Jackson himself said when he was
appointed: There will be no delay
on the part OF the United States, and
we think undue delay is itself a fail.
ure."
(2 There is no confusion as 70
United States policy with respect to
the type Of offender to be tried. Many
individual cases have already been
prepared, though not yet announced.
AS l mentioned earlier, what the
United States is concerned with Is
the big shots. that Is Jackson's job
10 try the men whose offenses are
broader than those committed in and
against members OF any single
community. To put It broadly. those
charged with crimes against human
ity as a whole.
This rules out the persons brought
back to the scene of their crimes,
the trials Of spies and saboteurs
which are coming up daily. offenses
against American nationals or
against Germans. or individual acts
of persecution against Jews or 9TH
ers.
In other words, jackson is after
big game and he will not be content
TO fiddle with minor offenses even II
committed by major criminals. His
Job will be to nail those leaders who
are responsible for engineering the
whole general criminality Of the
Nazi-Fascist program. The smaller
fry will be taken care Of by other
legal authorities at the scene Of the
individual crimes or elsewhere.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
By BACK.IAGE

The legal profession is about to
meet the greatest challenge 1t has
ever faced.
The Moscow declaration, pub
lished November /, 1913, and signed
by President Roosevelt, Prime Min
lister Churchill and Premier Stain,
declares that those German officers
and men and members Of the Maxi
party" who are responsible for or
who have taken a conserving part in
atrocities. evidence of which has
been received from authoritative
quarters in many countries" will be
tried. judged and punished" accord
ing TO the laws Of those countries.
This same declaration also de-
clsres in its final paragraph that
major criminals whose offenses
have no particular geographical To-
calization" will be tried and dealt
with by Joint decision Of the Gov
ernments Of the Allies"
That is where the United States
and the challenge Of its legal protes-
sion comes in.
The body which win try these big
shots" is an international military
tribunal, TO be designated by an Of
fetal title. probably by the time
these lines are printed, and 1t is be-
fore this court that a member OF the
Supreme court Of the United States,
Associate Justice Robert H. Jack
son. chosen as American chief Of
counsel, will appear as prosecutor.
He will act jointly, It is presumed.
with the counsels Of the United King
dom and the Union Of Soviet Social
iSi Rnr,lihlicn
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
The Food Problem
TheseDayssSEeggts 0 5o Z: yoR6tsR7

undoubtedly has to a fraction Of an
ounce. is not made available. Ger
tainly, II is not because Hitler will
thus discover what the meat con.
sumption OF Patton's Army is. Hit.
les is supposed to be dead and
Patton is said to be driving his
Ford on Massachusetts roads. Ger.
tainly, II will not influence the
suicide squads of Japan-they will
commit suicide anyhow. What
sense does II make TO keep the
American people ignorant as to the
facts? Maybe they would grouse
less II they knew more.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
TWO COUPLES MARRY

Ann Arbor, June 20-Two local
rites Joined in wedlock Miss NIL,
dred Henson. daughter Of Mr.. and
Mrs. A. p. Hines, Grand Forks,
N. d., TO Brice Bennett and Miss
Eleanor Blanchard to Petty Officer
NC James T. Cox. Mrs. Cox is the
daughter OF Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey
r. Blanchard, Dexter. Both couples
will reside in this city after short
wedding trips.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
ONE VETERAN

Grand Rapids-Only one member
of the Grand Army OF the Republic
Orlando LaValley OF Carols ex-
pected TO be present today for the
9th annual encampment OF the
Michigan department of the GAR.
Ralph Il. Towner of Allegan, de-
partment commander, has announc-
ed he will not attend.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
HOUSE PASSES BILL

East Lansing Intent on taking
state government out OF politics,
the Wolverine Boys State House
Of Representatives. passed a civil
service bill as their first piece Of
legislation after It organized and
elected Bill Nystrom OF Marquette
speaker.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
COSTS Rise

Lansing-AP-The state depart
ment of labor and Industry report
ed Monday that the average cost
OF living in Michigan cities. which
has risen 1876 per cent since Pearl
Harbor, showed a 2.3 per cent in.
crease from March. 1914. TO March.
1945.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

The total intercity movement OF
commerce OF all kinds in the United
States this year will be more than
a trillion ton-miles, It is estimated.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

BRUSSELS-AP-- The threat
OF a general strike hung over Bel
GUM Monday as the country uneas-
lily awaited return OF King Leopold
amid new demands that he abdi.
cate.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

In the FIRST nine months OF 1874,
3s per cent OF the total shipments
Of tooth brushes from factories
went TO military, post exchanges,
ships stores, Red Cross, and for
export.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

Some say that the age Of chiv-
airy is past. that the spirit Of ro-
nance is dead. The age Of chiv-
airy is never past so long as
there is a wrong left unredressed
on earth.-Charles Kingsley.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

One-Mlnute Test
1. What does a sailor mean by
q landfall7
2. With what European coun-
try did the United States sign
her first treaty?
;. Which United States presl.
dent was buried in Canton, O.?
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

In 1914, U. S. railroads did a
passenger Job equivalent to carry.
ing almost one billion passengers
for an average journey OF 100
miles.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Public Opinion

Discussion Of any subject OF
general interest is invited in
these columns. Writer'S name
must be given but may be
withheld from print II desired.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

Total sales OF farm equipment in
1914 were more than $l.067 900 900.
in 1914. compared with $3.50, 900. 900
in 1943, and s517. 0e0 900 in 1928.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Today's Horoscope

Executive ability. the capacity
for deep thought. and a great
love Of home are characteristic Of
the person who Is celebrating a
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

birthday today Some mechanical
skill Is indicated, together with
an assurance Of moderate wealth
and happiness Cultivate mutual
loyalty and understanding In your
occupational sphere. There never
should be a let-down In your deep
interest In fellow mortals, despite
economic or emotional upheavalS.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

The small but efieient stan which
Justice jackson has selected is
worth looking over.
There is Mai. Gen. william Dono-
van. eolorful World War hero and
successful lawyer. now head Of the
OSS: Sydney Alderman, a dlstin-
guished trial lawyer and general So
licitor Of the Southern Railway;
Francis Shea, assistant attorney
general and well versed In compli.
Gated htigations; Naval Its. James
Donovan and Gordon Dean. Dono-
vap is general counsel Of the OSS.
Dean. a former assistant attorney
general under Jackson when he was
head Of the department Of justice, is
a brilliant and successful lawyer who
is being transferred from active
duty by the navy for the Job.
There are no handwriting Pom.
thus Pilates among them.
The rise in income payments TO
individuals In the United States from
an annual figure Of $50. 1853. 600, 900 In
the prewar' year OF 1888 to a record
high total OF sl56, 1914. 900, 900 In 1914
was extended during the first quar-
ter Of l945, according to the Alex
ander Hamilton Institute. Income
payments during the first three
months amounted TO $39, 825. 900, 900
this year as against S37, 726. 0O0, 900
last year. an increase Of Sc per cent.
Income from every source showed
expansion. Salaries and wages rose
from $27, S57. 900, 900 to S28, 62s, zoo, 900,
an increase OF 40 per cent, while
dividends and interest rose from
81, 454, O00. 900 to 50, ITO, 900 900, an in.
crease Of 1919 per cent.
Although spending by consumers
was at a record high rate during
the first quarter. it is evident from
preliminary information that con-
sumers' income exceeded spending
by an amount sufficient not only 70
meet taxes but to add to consumers
wartime savings, thus increasing the
threat Of imitation when peace re-
turns.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20

0ne-Mlnute Test Answers
1. Sighting or making land
when at sea
2. With France. in i77S.
,. William Mckinley.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Nose Infection

II there is infection in the nose,
Doctor Schwartz suggests the use
Of ephedrine in salt solution, and
the breathing in Of steam. II, with
this treatment the examination Of
the ear drum shows il 10 be red
dened and bullying, it is evident
that the infection in the ear has
progressed and the ear drum must
then be cut open to allow infected
material to drain out.
II is shown that almost three
times as many operations on the
mastoid are necessary in those
cases Of middle ear infection in
which the drum is allowed to break
open, as in those which are cut
open before rupture occurs. The
mAstoid sinus is the space in the
bone back Of the ear.
Doctor Schwartz thinks that
with this treatment more than so
per cent-of the patients with an
acute infection of the middle ear
will recover IN from a few days
to several weeks.
Sulfonamide Drugs
The question then arises as TO
whether or not giving Of the sui
fonamide drugs may be useful in
these infections. Doctor Schwartz
is Of the opinion that their use in
acute middle ear infections is not
advisable since they tend to hide
the symptoms and thus mastoid
complications may develop with
out being recognized.
OF course, there are many ply
sicians who do not agree With this
at all. In any event, if the sulfona-
mide drugs are given, the patient
must be carefully watched daily TO
make sure that all is going well.
When the sulfonamide drugs are
given, the patients temperature
returns to normal quickly and the
other symptoms, such as pain in
the ear, rapidly vanish.
There seems to be more and
more Of tendency to save the sui
fonamide drugs for those eondi-
tons which are serious and not
waste their use on disorders which
can be successfully treated in other
ways.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Your Health
Infection May be
Eustachian Tube
Threat
9v 2 =, uUHDERsEN, ". q

Hv Z =. BUNOERSEN. " y.
ANY infection in the nose and
throat is a threat TO the eustachian
tubes. That is, the germs which are
causing the infection may get into
the eustaehian tubes. These tubes
run from the throat TO the middle
part Of the ear and frequently the
infection in the nose or throat gets
to the ear through these tubes.
According TO Doctor II. W.
Schwartz Of Canada, TO keep the
eustaehian tubes acting normally,
is important in the treatment OF
middle-esr infections. To do this,
ne suggests that the patient be
kept at rest in bed, and that the
throat be washed with hot salt
solution with the patients body
bent well forward. This will help
the patient TO avoid coughing dur
ing the washing Of the throat.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Fifty Years Ago

Mrs Lucy Osband years devoted
the Science Department Of the Normal
year It is currently that Of Prof
chosen 20 the position she
Germs american Day viii be by the
Wsshtenaw County, in this city, August o.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Words Of Wisdom
BY R. ]. SCOTT

friend may see the name but not
the message.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
HlntS on Etlnueffe

II you write a note to a friend
on your visiting card, bet
ter write II on the face Of the
card. II written on the back, the
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-06-20
Hall Forgotten Days
Twenty Years Ago

IWenty Years Ago
Three seniors will be graduated Lincoln Consolidated
school, Nell Hawker Freida Collins yelma Briggs.
Dr X clyde Ford Of the Normal College has been named
OF the alumni trustees o Albion College.
B-rth 20 Mr. and Mrs Lawrence Thomas girl Amy Louise
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Note Slight Gain
In Local Trade

While relatively mild weather
favored shopping in the Detroit
area last week, retail volume
made little gain over the previous
week and comparatively few mer.
chants had increases over the
comparable weeG of 1914
Most department stores held
close 10 the level Of last year. but
few aior units reported A
slight drop IN sales. In general,
merchandise sold close 10 A nor
NAL pattern where stocks were
available.
The end Of shoe I A on n G
boosted sales slightly m stores
handling higher grade shoes, but
popular priced ines made larger
gains, with inadequate supplies Of
wanted styles nd sizes continuing
to be handicap.
Increasing u m h erS Of dis
charged Servicemen have been an
important factor in gains regis
tered by mems clothing and fur
ntShtnes stores, ranging up 10 20
per cent over last year Small
inventories have prevented better
results.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06

FRtI1S-Appies Jonathan. No L. 81 1
E6ode IsianG G ecnines. 40 Sal 45-Ib.
10 20 Sal 45.lo ou' u : woH ~ Riys. ii 80
"a on ounces 80. S4a4 so bu
VEGETABLE CREENS-Csb Csbbage No / so
a 6hc bu Colisrds Ne. sle $50 hu' Mus
40 81 5Oal75 bQ swiss onsId No. J.
5Oa Sc bu lurnip greens 40. i, 81 asa
20 OBJ; 9g ksie No So et
cabbage, NO. / 81 25oal so bu Endive. fancy
81 30 bu No. 81 2'al SO. Escsroie.
fancy, 81 so og No I5eesi Lesi lettuce
feurustue- ~. : iU1 50 bu-
VEGETABLES . MISC.Bea9i'' tjms .o. 70 ~ u
BScis. punched No 7ScaSi dol bchs
gSessi 42Sasa. as IS Sa e c.Se.Ss 90 4os s5c
TscaSi on Cstio,s bunched 10 ] 500
: sc dol boxes topped No 81 asa so
bu Csuanover. fancy sl!s bu. 80 J.
81 2Sal so Celery fancy 81 .2aa so DOR
-brrrv-Nc soaaoC- cstsTy root No !.
tla12S dn7 hChs Fennei No l. S2a2 so
ooS bchs. Horse-rsdsh. No !, sl.7Sa2 peck
Kohlrsbl No l 75casl dor bchs LesNs
No Slal25 doz bchs Green onions No
75cosl doz -nchA. -H.y onions isncy
81 - 50-lb. Sark. No. 81 a0a2 Parsley
curly No soHg5c doz bchS Parsley root
No. / 6Oa55c dot. hcns. Psrsnips. No.
--st-a5-a-t : nm Peprers green No NHooo
sack NJ T. S23oa2+o. Pumpkins, No.
Rsdishes. red. No. eocssi Is doz bchs
RuisbaFas. 40 2Sal so bu squash
Hubbard 80 Slel.2S hu Delicious. No
Slal2 ou Table queen, 70 / 90. aoc a
81 a, ou tomatoes fancy. 50 u hu. Turnips
punched No. l. 73cosl eoz osnos topped
tsnle oysters No 81 Is doz. oohs
4 EGGS-EXua largs &lso7 3o-dol. case
large. 81 - medium sla s5
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Uses TO increase

The rubber INDUSTRY Is very
optimistic about ltS prospects.
Not only are the potential uses
for rubber increasing in other
lines bat automotiNe engineers
are rcadyng much WIDER use Of
rubber In automobiles
Most n not all of the higher
priced lines are using foam rub
her IN both front and rear seats.
About one-lhIrd crude IS used
for cushions, two-thirdS syn
thetic. The industry Is allowed
10 use up 10 80 per cent crude
IN foam rubber but finds that
one-thId makes a good scat
cushion
Phi Coo GOODYEAR acc sales
man. thinks that before long
specifications Will call for foam
rubber in the back cushions. as
we'll as the seats. Rubber spring
ing IS another definite poSsi-
hlhty. combined with torSlon bar
suspension.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Steel Rate
Increases

CLEVELAND, Nov. 5-Recov-
cry last week from the effects
Of the soft coal strike caused the
estimated national steel produc-
tion rate 10 rise eight points 10
73 per cent of capacity. according
20 Steel magazine.
The greatest gain was Al Pitts
burgh which increased output 10
23 points 10 72lz per cent Of ca
pacityl and AT Youngstown, which
rose nine points to 54 per cent.
Other increases were one and
one-half points To 73la al Chicago,
six points TO S6l2 at Wheeling,
two points to SO AT Cleveland,
three points 10 "a in eastern
Pennsylvania and II points Ia
Slis Al Buffalo Detroit, with SIS,
held its rate unchanged from the
previous week.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Auto
Graphs
Tire Makers Get Set
For Big Production
By SILER FREEMAN

The persons least PertWhed
by the SlownesS Of the automo-
1uq industry in getting INTO
production arc the tire manu-
facuurers The Tagging pace in
building new cars gives them a
little brcather to huIld up their
lMn production Tor The de-se
that VIII come.
II new car output were much
higher than 1t is At the present
time, tires would become A deli
mite worry Between the re-
placement demand and the orig
mai equipment orders The ire
industry is hard pressed right
now
But hy the time the auto
industry begins needing nlg
quantities the tire builders say
they viii he m 4 position 10 ilil
all the needs Unless troubles
intervene. the iu>l OF the year
viii see tire production soaring.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Pea 9-Month
Earnings Gain

WASHINGTON. Nov. : Penn
Sylvania Central Airlines Corp.
reports net profit for the nine
months ended Sept 80 Of 1896
SIS. equal TO $l67 a share ON
Al 1850 capital shares outstanding.
This compares with net income
in the corresponding period Of
1914 Of $3.50 go or IS cents a
share on the 474.460 shares out
standing Al Sept. 30, 1914
Earnings for tho quarter ended
Sept. so amounted to S3S5, 069 or
81 cents a share, against S292 SOC
or e. cents a share in lhe like
three months last year.
The report states that the cor
porauon VIII NOT be subject to
excess profits taxes IN l9i0
Nou M u Nntr InmurfuW' -----
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Recover Checks

Remember that DfIcICsSe iull
ot checks which were stolen
from a Manufacturers National
Bank messenger on street car
some months ago-Well they
have been ieCONe cred
Calls started "a pour iHte-the
bank last week from individuals
and also from The Garfield Sta
ton police. Checks were being
found IN the streets OF that
neishhorhoOd
Investigation disclosed tn a I
jefferson School children work
lnE on the paper drive had
picked the entire bundle of
checks up behind a hotel. Not
able 70 sandwich them IN with
newspapers. they had dropped
some along the way back 10
school
Although the bank suffered
no loss and payment was stop
ped on the checks long since.
Manufacturers officials brcathed
hlE sigh of relief when the
anderlng 0necks were dclln-
itely put out Of circulation.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-06
Outlook Bright

Puvlng Of Nash kelNInator,
which sent the stock INTO new
high ground last week, is proba-
hlv based not only on the COM
pany's prospects Of attaining a
high volume of automobile pro-
duction but also on its plans for
doubling rs preWar rate Of out
put of domestic appliances
The latter include rcfneor-
stors. hot water heaters electric
ranges and home freezers and a
goal Of 100000 to 100000
units year has been set or
about twice as many as we're
produced before the war.
The goal for cars. meanwhile,
Is 2SO000 a year compared with
S5.n54 IN the l94l model year.
While auto output has been
seriously delayed by strikes at
both the COMPANY 8 own plant at
Kenoshs and a. suppliers plants.
n should reach 4 far volume
before the end of the year Chief
obstacle AZ present is the stop
page m delivery Of tranSmISSlonS
ss result of The protractcd
CAW-CIO strike Al BorC-Warn-
er's gear DIVISION ~ Nuncle Ind.
The contract 70 manufacture
slkorstJ heljcopterS was termi-
mated and Ns keiNnator IS
repor'e6 10 have no interest m
any further activities IN this
field Fac'arN space used for
frIs work Us beng cleared for
manufacture Of refrigeration con-
df'grrS