davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
OUR STATE DEPARTMENT CONSTRUCTED
TO SERVE THE FREE ENTERPRISE"


toed the Roosevelt line . and -
a few years after Nazi Germany
inaugurated an economy of barter
and fascist Japan launched its
drive to expand into the undeve-
loped mainland of Asia-American
participation in the bloodiest wal
in all history.
Those developments are not
mysterious. Neither are they mis-
takes, They are the logical and
necessary developments and de-
vices of a private-profit economy
that is bent upon preserving its
own existence beyond the point
at which it leases to fit with hui
man freedom and human welfare.
In packing the important State
Department = which is the most
important government agency in
the establishment and maintenance
of international economic rela-
tions-with the agents of the big
gest of big business, Mr.. Roosevelt
is merely following the line.
He's still out to save the private
profit system.
The mistake was not RooSeveltS.
1t was the vast number of smaller
people who erred-when they re-
jected the Socialist program OF
production for use and permitted
themselves to be shaped and fash
Toned to fit the pattern of an eco
nomy that can no longer function
in a free and peaceful world.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
TAX BLACK MARKET
HOARDINGS!

Black market operations have
reached such proportions that a
breakdown in the business ethics
of the nation" is threatened, ac-
cording to Henry H. Hermann, ex-
ecutive manager of the National
Association of Credit Men.
He said that bankers report that
safety deposit boxes are bullying
with cash, much of it black-mar-
ket currency.
Something should be done
about it, said lehman. He sug-
gested that the Treasury and Con-
gress investigate with a view to
heavily taxing these boards.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
New Form Policy Based on Plenty
of Jobs at Good WAGES

The nations perennial farm prob
lem has gone round and round
and is now back where it started
more than 20 years ago.
Secretary of Agriculture Claude
r. Wickard made that disclosure
this week when he outlined in a
speech to the Farmers Union
Grain Terminal Association at St.
Paul a postwar program for agri-
culture which old-timers will have
no trouble in recognizing as a re-
vamped version of the McNary-
Haugen proposal which Norris of
Nebraska, McNary of Oregon and
other Western Progressives backed
after the last war and agitated
trough the 2O's.
Vetoed by Presidents Harding,
Coolidge and Hoover-who there
by destroyed the Republican party
in the West-the McNary-Haugen
scheme after all these years is to
be presented to Congress at the
next session.
Wickard's statement that a new
approach is to be made to the
problem is of the utmost import
ance, as he undoubtedly speaks for
the administration.
1t was an implicit acknowledge
ment that methods of helping
farmers pursued during the last
IL years, while effective, were in
the nature of makeshifts and will
have to be superseded by some
thing more fundamentally sound
The McNary-Haugen plan guar
anteed to farmers a profitable
price for that portion of their crop
needed for domestic consumption
The rest of the crop was to be dis.
posed of for what it would brine
in the foreign market.
This plan was to be s~elf-financ,
ing, without subsidies from ths
Federal Treasury.
There were to be no restriction.
on planting, but farmers woulc
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
UNIV GETS NEW BID
TO REJOiN FEDERATION

Washington, d. C.-The United
Mine Workers Union announced
receipt of a letter from AFL Presi-
dent William Green transmitting
the ALL convention appeal for re-
neWed conferences seeking reaf-
filiation of the union.
UNIV representatives told news
papermen that the letter would
receive "all consideration"
The convention urged the min
ers to renew their application for
utilization in the hope that jur-
isdictional questions which forced
rejection of the first UNIV offer
may be ironed out.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
IN THE WIND
From THE NATION

A ghost-writing firm in New
York advertised in the December
8 Saturday Review of Literature
that it does sermons. We asked
about rates and got this reply by
return mail: THE cost for the pre-
paration of an original sermon
which would take from fifteen to
twenty minutes to deliver would
be S." Folders inclosed with the
letter offered I'd a set of four
ready-made sermons, $1.75; CD
several original prayers for pri-
vate devotions, guaranteed to have
a distinct psychological appeal"
81; (34 a $25 personal horoscope,
SIS.
Goldsmith Brothers, the Big
Stationery Store" at II Nassau St.,
New York, will give you So for
any friend you recommend who
works there for thirty days; if the
friend does part-time work, you
get 81. There is no limit to the
number of friends you may place.
From a statement by Tom Lin
der, Georgia Commissioner of
Agriculture, before a subcommit-
tee of the House Agriculture Com
mittee in Washington, December
5: 'In the union Of these forty
eight states there is strength. The
farm belt of the United States and
the industrial belt of the United
States are married. The two form
one complete whole. When either
of these contracting parties under
take to carry on intercourse with
the outside world, the effect is the
same as the unfaithfulnesS of one
party to q marriage contract"
In Nazi anthologies of German
poetry, Heine's poems are signed
Anonymous" DIN Downes, mu-
sic critic of the New York Times,
quotes the issue of December 10 a
letter from Lieutenant E. Forbes of
the Seabees, who reports that at
an orchestral concert in the Royal
Opera House in Rome, under the
auspices of the British Army Edu-
cation and Welfare Commission,
the composer of '"The Ride of the
Valkyries'' was designated on the
printed program as Anonymous"
From an account of a speech by
r. F. Clough to the Elks of Mason
City, Iowa, in the Mason City
Globe Gazette Of December a: "Mr.
Clough called attention to the fact
that the flag of the United States
stood for all the virtues of Elk
dom"
Jews, Czechs, Greeks, etc, take
note: while we hate to say it,"
says the Washington Times-Herald
of December 8, war does seem to
have contributed a lot to human
progress by wedding out the less
fit and permitting the fittest to sur
vive." It adds that it means not
individuals but races.
Festung Europa: Inmates of the
Froslev concentration camp in
Denmark asked permission to hold
religious services. 1t was refused.
A Nazi official told them, "We do
not pretend to be Christians"
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03
RocioI characteristics

The German teacher asked,
What are the racial characteris-
tics of the Nordic master race?"
The Polish boy answered:
Blonde, like Hitler; slender, like
Goering; and tall, like Goebbels."
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03

God never built a Christian
strong enough to carry today's-
duties and tomorrow's a~nxieties.
Sufficient to each day are the
duties to be done and the trials to
be endured.-T. l.. Cuyler.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-01-03

It's my business to call EN- the
way | e EN-, and l don't like
flim-flam in the news. And it's on
that basis that l propose to dis
cuss the Roosevelt policy of plac-
ing active millionaires and global
p%rofiteers in charge of the nations
State Department.
| wish people who have support
ed Roosevelt through thick and thin
would stop trying to make the APP
pointment of Stettinius, Grew,
Rockefeller, Clayton, Dunn, Hol-
mes and MacLeish look MYSTERIOUS.
I'd appreciate it if they'd stop de
ploring the Presidents action as a
mistake" It's not mysterious at
all. And whether it is a mistake or
not depends upon what Franklin
d. Roosevelt has in mind for our
future.
The big mistake has been made
Ny Vic iAlIll1OIlS VI TlllSIICdIIS WIN
stubbornly closed their eyes to the
simple meaning of the oft-repeat-
ed Roosevelt declaration that II
stand for the private-profit eco
Monty" Keep that objective in
mind and all else becomes clear.
It was to preserve the private
profit system that Roosevelt de-
clared a bank holiday back in
1888. The system was failing apart
and desperate measures we're need
ed to prevent collapse.
1t was not liberalism at all, but
an understanding of what was ne
cessary to preserve the private
profit system, that caused Presi-
dent Roosevelt to establish such
agencies as CCC, WPA, PWA and
AAA when the Stettiniuses and
Crews and Rockefellers and Clay
tons found it impossible to use
and control millions Of resentful
and desperate people. That, too,
was why the President inaugural
ed his policy of planned scarcity;
a profit system needs a scarcity;
it can't function under a condi-
ton of abundance without first
becoming a dictatorship. And un-
der the latter condition the priv
ate" character of profit is seriously
endangered.
Nor was it because he sought to
free the workers of his nation from
the burden of paying tribute to
owners that he encouraged the
organization of labor. Labor hao
to be organized to be controlled
And labor had to be controlled il
the private-profit system was moi
going to shake itself apart.
That's how it came about that
under Roosevelt there same into
being such things as price fixing
and wage freezing; public works
and job control; maintenance Of
membership clauses in union con.
tracts and a Labor Board to an.
nul those clauses unless union.
Evening star., 1945-08-05
BY Prof. Harold J. Laski,
Chairman of British Labor Party.

debt we all owe to her common people
and that is a prelude out of which
should emerge her fully proportionate
place in the settlement which will fol-
low the coming defeat of Japan.
The third great decision relates to
Spain. People of progressive temper
the world over will rejoice over the
forthcoming declaration that the evil
regime of Franco cannot be a part of
any world organization. After ALL every
body now knows that the Franco regime
was Axis-made. That great Christian
gentleman has shown himself as cruel,
mean and oppressive. The two things
for which the Spain he symbolizes can
never stand are freedom and democracy.
The declaration will cut from under him
any chance of maintaining his prestige.
We may hope that the Big Five, in the
next phase, will not accept any ersatZ
Franco, even If ne possess the trappings
of royal descent 1t is to Spanish demo-
cratic republicanism that the future of
Spain ought to be intrusted; and Britain
and the United States alike owe it to
men and women dead and alive to make
full reparation for that indefensible Pc
riod of nonintervention which not only
condemned the republic to fight against
impossible odds, but was the appeasers'
way of sacrificing freedom on the altar
of privilege.
hope the new labor government will
follow the Potsdam declaration by re-
leasing all the Spanish republicans still
interned in this country. After all, they
are our friends, not enemies
1t is good to know that, without delay
the Council of Foreign Secretaries will
draw up the bases of the final peace
treaty with Italy, Hungary, Romania
and Bulgaria. A new Italy is obviously
emerging, under the inspiration of the
left and of leaders like Parri, Nenni and
Togliatti. 1t is vital to give them
chance to complete their healing work
of renovation without being cramped
Evening star., 1945-08-05

LONDON.-If in one way it may be
said that the working. of the Potsdam
agreement will depend in large part on
the meeting and the wisdom of the
foreign secretaries, it is far greater
approach probably to body of real
principles than seemed possible month
ago.
In the first place, 1t comes down to
earth; it begins the building of known
future; it places the next steps within
the range of political calculation.
There are three outstanding features
of the agreement which every one will
welcome. If, firstly, the treatment of
Germany is severe, her unity is main
tanned, she is given chance of re-
forming herself into a democratic
power in real way and all possible
encouragement is given her to hasten
the process. No one can complain that
Naziism is attacked root and branch;
no one can complain that the means
of re-armament have been forbidden
her, and destruction of the vicious car
tel system removes menace to world
Nor is it less important to purge the
judiciary, which has betrayed every ele-
mentary principle of justice, and to
impose educational principles which
may fit German youth for the new
world
Approaching Real Unity.
1t is good to see that political party
life under due safeguards will be re-
stored; it is good also that an attempt
will be made to revitalize German local
government. 1t is as yet difficult to
judge what precisely is meant by the
complicated system under which Ger
many is to pay reparations; perhaps
this will be clarified later. What is i'm
portant is that we are approaching real
unity and some precision in the treat
ment of Germany.
Trade unionism returns; so do free
dom of speech, of press and religious
worship. AS long as no one of the five
powers permits men tainted by collabo-
ration with Hitler, whether political or
economic, to share in the shaping of
the new regime we may hope for slow
but sure refashioning of Germany from
chaos into a democracy willing to try
the experiment of peace. But we must
be emphatic that no risks are to be
taken
The second great merit of PotSdam
is the association with its fulfllment of
France and China. Few things are
more necessary to France than recovery
of self confidence: this deliberate read
mission of the French government to
the inner circle of victorious powers is
a significant recovery of status which
will have a profound psychological ef-
feet as soon as the Council of Foreign
Secretaries begins to function next
month.
Nor is it without real significance that
China takes a place which marks the
Evening star., 1945-08-05

politan areas on the basis of their gains
during the war, together with their
performance In the depression 30s and
the boom 20s.
That yardstick gives high ranking to
an overwhelmingly large proportion OF
Southern and Western cities. DR..
Hauser points out that while population
growth and market expansion is more
likely to occur in the South and the
West, that does not mean Northern
markets will be unimportant." They
will continue, he says, to have great
purchasing power.
Rated by DR.. Hauser as class Al
areas, adjudged to have superior"
prospects of retaining their wartime
growth, are these:
Charleston and Columbia, S. c.;
Atlanta and Columbus, Ca; San An
tonic, Corpus Christi, Dallas, Galveston
and Houston, Tex; Jacksonville, Tampa
st. Petersburg and Miami, Fla; Mobile,
Ala; Phoenix, Ariz.; San Diego, Calf,
and Washington, D. c.
In class Az are areas which grew at
above average rates during the war and
in the two preceding periods. They are
adjudged to have excellent" prospects
of retaining wartime growth.
Macon, Savannah and Augusta. Ga;
Baltimore; Beaumont-Port Arthur and
Fort Worth, Tex; Evansville and In
dianapolis, Ind; jackson, Miss; Little
Rock, Ark; Madison, Wis; Memphis and
Nashville, Tenn; Montgomery, Ala;
New Orleans; Norfolk-Portsmouth- New
port News and Richmond, Va; Okla
homa City, Okla; Portland, Me-; Stock
ton Sacramento, San Francisco Oakland
and San Jose, Calf; Seattle, Spokane
and Tacoma, Wash; Wilmington, DEL,
and Salt Lake City.
In class AS are areas which grew at
above average rates during the war and
with moderate increase in the preceding
period. They are believed to have
good prospects Of retaining growth.
They include:
Birmingham, Ala: Springfield, Can
ton, Cincinnati, Columbus and Hamil-
tom Middletown, Ohio; Bridgeport and
Hartford-New Britain, Conn; Pueblo,
Colo, and st. Louis.
Evening star., 1945-08-05

Florida) lost 2,7O0,0O0 by migration. The
Northeastern and North Central States
decreased 100000 in population, but
they lost only 100000 through migration.
Their big decrease was due to heavy
contribution to the armed forces and a
relatively small natural increase.
The wartime increase of people and
industry in cities of the West and South
steps up prewar trend. Between 1880
and 1910, the West gained 1877 per cent
in population, the South gained 10.1 per
cent and the North gained only AZ per
cent.
In the 1929-1939 depression period, the
value of manufactures decreased 1T
per cent in the South. 1853 per cent in
the West and 228 per cent in the North.
The amount of salaries and wages de-
clined 2.6 per cent in the South, 1876
per cent in the West and 21.5 per cent
In the North.
How much of the wartime gains by
the South and the West are permanent?
A backwash Of migrants already is
under way. Many laid-of war workers
are returning to home States and towns.
Thousands of others will go back after
the war is over. Finding peace produc-
ton jobs for workers who have been
building guns, ships and aircraft is a
headache problem for numerous war;
swollen cities.
On the other hand, thousands, which
have been very short of labor, will
absorb lot of them. Temperate cli-
mate, considerable marriage with per-
manent residents and the cost and trou-
BILE of moving families will tend to
induce workers to stay in several West
ern and Southern cities.
Many May Retain Growth.
Census Bureau officials say 1t is i'm
possible to "blue-print" the future Of
war doomed areas. Postwar business
conditions, the extent of reconversion
of war plants, the development of new
industries and chronological advances
can't be foreseen precisely. There is
evidence. however, that many areas have
a good chance to hold considerable Of
their wartime increase.
DR.. Philip M. Hauser, assistant di-
rector Of the Census Bureau, has classi-
fed the population prospects Of metro
Evening star., 1945-08-05
War Review
Potsdam Pact Ends Ger.
man Menace
D. UoJ ID Po:Io
By Howard p. Bailey

The Big Three, putting the Potsdam
agreement in writing, have acted to end
for long time to come the menace of
a new war fomented by Germany. Ger
man armament is to be eliminated, Ger
man industry is to be tailored to civil
ian requirements and Germanys in
fiuence in world trade is to be seriously
reduced through ban on the manufac-
ture of either sea going ships or air.
craft. Many other restrictions are
agreed upon all of which will serve to
keep militarism down and aid in the
growth of democracy.
Over on the other side of the world,
the japanese Navy has now been writ
ten off. The last of her battleships has
been sunk or rendered useless until ex-
tensive repairs can be made and it is
believed that Hirohito has only hand
full of small ships lift.
Japan also has been completely block
AIDED as B-29s in large number complete
the mining of all her harbors as well
as those of Korea. In the meantime.
the air blitz has been stepped up with
the daily poundings growing in in
tensity and, despite the bravado OF
Premier Suzuki's rejection of the Pots
dam ultimatum to surrender, the Tokyo
radio and press make no effort to hide
their concern over what has happened
and what they know is going to happen.
The high lights of the week were:
Sunday: Halsey unleashes 1,000-plane
attack on Tokyo area, sinking Jap bat
tleship Haruna and sinking or damaging
four other warships. Jap feet now be-
lieved eliminated. Fleet steams in close
to shell Hamamatsu, 100 miles south
west of Tokyo. Checkup on yesterdays
raid indicates 285 enemy planes and 189
ships eliminated by combined American
and British plane attack. Premier
Suzuki rejects Potsdam ultimatum to
surrender but Tokyo radio admits con-
ditions are not so good as planes blast
Of II cities Gen. LIE May declared
would be hit. Japan warned that short
ly 5000 Army planes will be raiding at
one time. Victorious Chinese drive %
miles northward from captured Kweilin.
British hunt Japs fleeing to Thailand.
Macarthur announces 4,477 more Japs
killed on Luzon. Some snipers still ac-
tive on Okinawa. French Consultative
Assembly rejects De Gaulle's plan for
election, 210 to 10.
Monday: More than go airfields from
Kyushu to Tokyo blasted by $500 Amer
ican and British carrier planes. Domei
says Jap aircraft went into action,
gaining war results" whatever that may
Continued on Page ca, Col. -
Evening star., 1945-08-05
Laski Appraises Potsdam Pact
Benefits Greece and Balkans

and confined at every turn. Every one
knows Rome is the center of whole
network of reactionary influences, cleri-
cal, economic and militarist as well as
political; every one knows that all OF
these have their friends in Washington,
London and Paris. Until we enable the
Italian government to stand on its own
feet there is constant danger that super
vision may infect the unity of the
Italian people with foreign vested in
terests. For the enemies of resurgent
Italy are the same people who helped
bring Mussolini to power and collabo-
rated with him until the last possible
moment.
Balkan Issues Press.
Nor can peace wait for long in the
Balkans and Southeastern Europe. Here
the vital principle must be to work out
some real basis of economic unity and
to relate that basis to schemes of unified
electric power, transport and irrigation
which will no longer leave the robust
peasantry of these areas at the mercy
of a gang of INSCRIPTIONS politicians
who act like lesser Lavals. But 1t must
be frankly said that any real peace in
this area depends on the emergence OF
a truly democratic Greece: and that will
happen only when Bevin Foreign Sec
retary Ernest Bevin) makes the Foreign
Once understand that British foreign
policy is not concerned to protect George
of the Hellenes against public opinion
to which he is a symbol of the Dictator
ship under whose protection were
ranged all who desired and may still
desire to arrest any growth in Greece of
democratic principles.
I do not share the regret Of those
who are worried about the absence OF
any reference to Japan in the Potsdam
declaration. On the contrary, I re-
gretted the earlier statement to which
without any reference to Australia.
whose stake in the Pacific war is as
paramount as her contributions have
been superb. 1t is surely obvious that
the statute of Westminster has no
meaning unless consultations between
slant and continuous as they are ample
anad genuine Evatt (Australian For
eign Minister Herbert EvatD has al
ready very intelligibly protested against
the earlier statement; he would have
had unanswerable ground for complaint
If Australia had been neglected sec
ond time. The exercise of decisions by
the great powers is only justified when
they fully consult all those whose in
terests are affected. That is the way to
real peace.
I wish the signatories of Potsdam
had given some word of comfort to the
Jews The assurance that war criminals
are to be tried is interesting we ought
to await its fulfillment until we see
that evil-doing is not to escape this
time.
copyrisht ls45, overseas News Agency. Inc