davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-06

1t will not be easy to create this
peoples peace. We delude ourselve.
If we believe that the surrender oi
the armies of our enemies will make
the peace we long for. The uncon.
ditional surrender of the armies ol
our enemies is the first and neces.
sary step-but the first step only.
We have seen already, in area:
liberated from the Nazi and ths
Fascist tyranny, what problem.
peace will bring And we delude our.
selves If we attempt to believe
wishfully that all these problem,
can be solved overnight.
The Arm foundation can be bull
and it will be built. But the con.
tinuance and assurance of q living
peace must, in the long run, be tn,
work Of the people themselves.
We ourselves, like all peoples whit
have gone through the dificul
processes Of liberation and adjust.
Iment, know of our own experience
how great the difficulties can be
We know that they are not dificul.
ties peculiar to any continent OF
any nation. Our own Revolutionary
War left behind it, in the words o.
one American historian, ian eddy
lof lawlessness and disregard Of hu.
man life.' There were separatis,
movements of one kind or another
In Vermont. Pennsylvania, Virginia
Tennessee, Kentucky and Maine
There were instructions, open d
threatened, in Massachusetts, ans
New Hampshire. These dificultie
we worked out for ourselves as tn,
peoples Of the liberated areas d
Europe, faced with complex prob
lems Of adjustment, viii work ou'
their difficulties for themselves.
Peace can be made and kept or,l,
lhy the united determination Of IRE,
and peace flowing peoples who ar
willing To. work together willing Il
help one afother-willing to respec
Evening star., 1945-01-06

sense.
In the state of the Union message
last year l set forth what I con-
sidered so be- an American economic
bill of rights.
I said then, and I say now. tina;
these economic truths represent 5
second bill of rights under which 8
new basis of security and prosperity
can be established for all-regard
less of station, race or creed.
OF these rights the most funda.
mental, and one on which the fulfil.
ment of the others in large degree
depends. is the fright to usefu
and remunerative job in the indus.
tries or shops or farms or mines o1
the Nation" In turn, others OF thu
economic rights of American citi.
zenship such as the right to q decent
home, to a good education, to gooc
medical care, to social security, te
reasonable farm income, will, If
fulfilled, make major contributions
to achieving adequate levels of en-
ployment.
The Federal Government mus
see to it that these rights become
realities-with the help Of States,
municipalities, business, labor ane
agriculture
We have had full employment dur
ing the war. We have had it be.
cause the Government has beer
ready to buy all the materials ol
war which the country could pro-
duce-and this has amounted tt
approximately half our present pro-
ductive capacity.
After the war we must maintain
full employment with Government
performing its peacetime functions
This means that We must achieve a
level OF demand and purchasing
power BY private consumers-farm-
ers, businessmen, workers, profess
sional men. housewives--which Il
Evening star., 1945-01-06

brazilian Army-have, in the pas
year, pushed north through blood,
Casino and the Anzio beachheae
and through Rome until now the,
occupy heights overlooking the val.
ley of the Po.
The greatest tribute which car
be paid to the courage and f1ghtins
ability OF these splendid soldiers ir
Italy is to point out that although
their strength is about equal to that
OF the Germans they oppose the
Allies have been continuously or
the offensive.
That pressure, that offensive. By
our troops in Italy will continue.
The American people-and every
soldier now fighting in the Apen
mines - should remember that the
italian front has not lost any O.
the importance which it had in the
days when it was the only Allied
front in Europe.
Pace in the Pacific
Sets Historic Record.
In the Pacific during the pas.
year We have conducted the fastest
moving offensive in the history OF
modern warfare. We have driven
The enemy back more than 5000
miles across the Central Pacific.
A year ago our conquest of Tarawa
was a little more than month old.
A year ago we were preparing fol
our invasion of Kwajalein, the sec.
ond of our great strides across thu
| Central Pacific to the Philippines.
i A year ago Gen. Macarthur wa,
still fighting in New Guinea, almos
1,500 miles from his present position
in the Philippine Islands.
We now have firmly established
bases in the Mariana Islands from
which our Super Fortresses bomi
Tokyo itsclf-and will continue t,
blast Japan in ever-increasips mum.
bers.
Japanese forces ia the PHILIPPINES
Evening star., 1945-01-06

future.
If We attack our problems with
determination We shall succeed.
And We must succeed. For freedom
and peace cannot exist without Sc
curity.
During the past year the Ameri-
can people. in a national election,
reasserted their democratic faith.
In the course of that campaign.
various references were made to
strife between this administration
land the Congress, with the implica-
ton, If not the direct assertion. that
this administration and the Congress
could never work together harmoni-
ously in the service of the Nation. :.
Praises Overall Record
OF the Government.
It cannot be denied that there have
been disagreements between the
legislative and executive branches
las there have been disagreements
during the past century and a half.
think We all realize too that
there are some people in this Capt.
tai City whose task is in large part
to stir up dissension. and to magnify
normal healthy disagreements so
that they appear to be irreconcilable
conflicts.
Butt think that the overall rec
ord In this respect is eloquent: the
Government of the United States
of America-all branches OF it-has
/ a good record of achievement in
this war.
The Congress, the Executive and
the Judiciary have worked together
for the common good
myself want to tell you, the
members Of the Senate and of the
House OF Representatives, how
happy I am in our relationships and
Friendships. have not yet had
the pleasure Of meeting some Of
(See TEXT, Page A-l0.)
Evening star., 1945-01-06

aeed ngntlng ships to their places
in the fleet, and prevents ships now
in the fighting line from getting
needed overhauling.
Pool Of LAS Under 26
Almost Depleted.
The pool of young men under
rs classified as la is almost de-
pleted. Increased requirements for
the armed forces will take men now
deferred who are at work in war in
dustry. The armed forces must
have an assurance of steady flow
OF young men for requirements
Meeting this paramount need will be
difficult, and will also make ii
progressively more dif1icult to attain
the 1945 production goals.
Last year, after much considera-
ton, ! recommended that the Con.
gress adopt national service act 4,
the most efhcient and democratic
way Of insuring full production fol
our war requirements. This recon.
mendation was not adopted.
7 / now again call upon the Con-
sreSS TO enact this measure for the
total mobilization OF all our human
resources for the prosecution of the
war. I urge that this be done at the
earliest possible moment.
It Is not too late In the war. Ii
TACT, bitter experience has showr
that in this kind Of mechanical war.
fare where new weapons are con,
stantly being created by our enenie.
and by ourselves. the closer we com,
to the end Of the war, the more
pressing becomes the need for sus.
tanned war production with which
to deliver the final blow to tn.
enemy.
Three Basic Arguments
For Service Law.
There are three basic argument,
for . national service law.
! First. II would assure that y,
Evening star., 1945-01-06

Of Short-sighted People.
Always-from the very dav we
were attacked--it was right mill
tarily as well as morally to reject
the arguments of those short sight
ed'speople who would have had us
throw Britain and Russia to the
Nazi wolves and concentrate against
the japanese. Such people urged
that we fight purely defensive war
against Japan while allowing the
domination of all the rest of the
world by Nazism and Fascism.
In the European theater, the nee
essary bases for the massing of
ground and air power against Ger
many were already available in
Great Britain. In the Mediter-
ranean area we could begin ground
operations against major elements
Of the German Army as rapidly as
we could put troops in the field,
first in North Africa and then in
Italy.
Therefore, our decision was made
to concentrate the bulk of our ground
and air forces against Germany until
her utter defeat. That decision was
based on all these factors; and it was
also based on the realization that
of our two enemies, Germany would
be more able to digest quickly her
conquests, the more able quickly tc
convert the manpower and resources
- her CONQUERED territory into a wal
potential.
Evening star., 1945-01-06

Pays Tribute to Average
Hard-Fighting Youngsters.
In all of the far flung opera tions
OF our own armed forces-on land
and sea and in the air-the final
job, the toughest job, has been per-
formed by the average, easy-going
hard lighting young American who
carries the weight of battle on his
own shoulders.
1t is to him that we and all fu-
ture generations of Americans must
pay grateful tribute.
Butt is OF small satisfaction to
him to know that monuments will
be raised to him in the future. He
wants, he needs, and he is entitled
to insist upon, our full and active
support-now.
Although unprecedented produc-
tion figures have made possible our
victories. we shall have to increase
our goals even more in certain items
Peak deliveries Of supplies were
made to the War Department in De.
cember, 1943. Due In part to cut.
backs, we have not produced as much
since then. Deliveries OF Army
supplies were down by is per cen,
by July, 1914, before the upward
trend was once more resumed.
Because of increased demands
from overseas. the Army Service
Forces in the month OF October. 1914
had to increase It's estimates Of re.
quired production by 10 per cent. Bu,
IN November. one month later, th,
requirements for 1945 had to be in.
creased another 10 per cent, sendin,
the production goal well above any
thing we have yet attained. Oul
armed forces in combat have stead.
ily increased their expenditure o
medium and heavy artillery ammu.
milton. As We continue the tiecisiv,
phases Of this war, the munition,
that We expend with mount day b,
day.
IN October, 1914. while some wer,
saying the war Ia Europe was over
Evening star., 1945-01-06


rights and self-government restored
to those who have been forcibly
deprived of them. But with internal
dissGsion, with many citizens of
liberated countries still prisoners of
war or forced to labor in Germany.
| 1t is difficult to guess the kind of
self-government the people really
want.
During the interim period, until
conditions permit a genuine express
sion Of the peoples will, we and our
Allies have a duty, which we cannot
ignore. to use our influence to the
end that no temporary or pro-
visional authorities in the liberated
countries block the eventual exer-
else OF the peoples right freely to
choose the government and insti-
tutions under which, as free men,
they are to live.
1t is only too easy for all of us
to rationalize what we want to be-
lieve, and to consider those leaders
We like responsible and those we
dislike irresponsible. And our task
is not helped by stubborn partisan
ship, however understandable. on
the part OF opposed internal factions.
It is our purpose to help the
peace-loving peoples OF Europe to
live together as good neighbors, to
recognize their common interests
and not to nurse their traditional
grievances against one another.
But we must not permit the many
specific and immediate problems Of
adjustment connected with the lib
Grafton OF Europe to delay the
establishment Of permanent ma
lchinery for the maintenance Of
peace. Under the threat Of d COM
mon danger, the United Nations
Joined together ii war to preserve
their independence and their iree-
dom. They must now join together
Ito make secure the independence
] and freedom q III peace loving
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
By HARRY McALPN

WASf1lNJ loIN, II. S.--N4~1NA AA/
Prospects that legislation for a
permanent FEPC would get the
green light for Congressional ac-
ton in the House before the Eas-
ter recess of the House faded last
week.
With the stage all set for favor
able action by the House Rules
Committee, and the FEPC matter
scheduled on the agenda, Chair
man Adolph Sabbath Cd. of ND
refused to bring it up. He later ex-
cused his action on the grounds
that one member of the opposition
was not present. He has promised
to bring the matter up again after
the Easter recess.
Early last week, Chairman Mary
T. Norton of the House Labor COM
mittee served notice on the Rules
Committee that she would seek
a discharge petition if the commit
tee did not act by Wednesday of
last week. On Thursday, however,
she told Rev. billiard Brown of Jer-
sey City one of the ministerial
delegation here on FEPC last week
that she was going along with
Rep Mccormick, majority leader
of the House, because she doesn't
want to 60 over his head She said
if a rule is not given two or three
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Saws Education Hurts
Good Race Relations

selves openly When their security
is threatened by scientific discovery
of Negro equality, their preJudices
increase and multiply"
DR.. Sherman declares that present
day education on facts of race
must be revised. He further states
that too often whites are taught
to be tolerant and then adds:
IF a person feels that he is toll
Grant towards the Negro, he OBJ
viously must feel that he is super
ior."
Rather than teach whites the
scientific facts of race, DR.. Sher-
man suggests that:
Education for the removal of
prejudice must be directed toward
the removal of insecurity. If whites
can be made secure in spite of their
real or imagined competition with
Negroes; if they can be educated
emotionally to understand them
selves and their prejudices; if they
can be directed to look for the real
causes Of their own security, the
hope for removal win be much
greater than before"
DR.. Sherman is author of a num-
Der of outstanding works in the
field of psychiatry and profess
sor of educational psychology at
the University of Chicago.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Failure To Act Being Laid
At Door Of The White House

DAYS after the Easter recess, she
will file a petition for discharge OF
the Rules Committee.
In the meantime, the four Re
publicans on the Rules COMMITTEE,
who are all committed to vote faV-
orably on a rlie for consideration
of the bill, are turning no finger TO
force action. They seem content to
let the Democrats stew in their
own Juice, as one observer put 1t.
Sabbath's and McCormack's &C
tons are being interpreted as adj
ministration attitude. There is a
tendency to lay the blame on the
White House, either for falling to
put pressure behind the Congress
sional leaders for action or for en-
couraging the delay for some mys-
ferrous and indisclosed reason.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Native Prince
Running Indies
Jap Nobleman
Gets High Post

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(NNPA)
-Raden tPrince) Abdulkadir Wild
jojoatmodjo has been appointed
Acting Resident of the Moluccas
and as such will exercise civil au-
thority over all Netherlands East
Indies territory not occupied by the
Japanese.
The appointment, through which
the 40-year-old Japanese nobleman
became the first IndoneSian TO hold
such high post in the admins
tration of the Indies, was announc-
ed in decree signed by DR.. Nu-
bertus j. Van Nook, Acting Gov
ernor General of the Indies.
The Raden, as Senior Officer of
the Netherlands East Indies Civil
Administration (NIAC) has for
some time had the authority of a
resident in the liberated territory
of N. E. I. but now he will also as
sumo authority over the admins
tration of the southern part of
Netherlands New Guinea - the
only Indies soil that was never oc-
cupied by the japanese.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31

VALIANT FIGHTER - Shot down
over the PloeSti oil fields, captured
and made prisoner by the Germans
in Bulgaria and freed by the Rus
slams in three weeks is the story
of First Lieutenant Henry A Wise,
Jr., of Charlton, Virginia, former
fighter pilot with the 332nd Fighter
Group in Italy and how a student
in The General Staff Glass at the
Command and General Staff School
at Fort Leavenwcrth, Kansas.
Wearer of the Air Medal and the
Purple Heart, Lieutenant Wise this
week was awarded the cherished
Certificate of Valor by direction Of
Major General Nathan T. Twining,
Commanding General of the 10th
Air Force in Italy. Major General
Karl Turesdell, Commanding Gen
eral of Fort Leavenworth and
Commandment of the Command and
General Staff School, made the pre-
sentation at a ceremony in Gruber
Hall at Fort Leavenworth before
800 of Lieutenant Wise's classmates.
GU. S. Signal Corp Photo from
Bureau of Public Relations)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31

CHICAGO (SNS) Education
is har4ning more than helping in
the field of race relations, the
noted psychiatrist. Dr.. Mandel
Sherman believes.
Writing In the April issue Of the
Negro Digest in an article rs Edu-
cation melting Race Hate" DR.
Sherman declares:
Some of the educational pro-
cedures which ere used actually
intensity race prejudice, FOR exam.
pie, many people intensity tneil
prejudices when they are told that
Negroes are just as intelligent and
capable as white persons"
As long as these people think OF
the Negro as inferior, their pre-
JUDGES which are indeed present
nevertheless, Go not express them
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Shutdown Rur1loI
Puts DR.. Scott
In Tough Spot
Seen AS Move
Of Revenge
Against The CLIO

CHESTER, Pa. - CAMP - If
Sun Ship Yard No. closes down
around June /, throwing more than
5000 Negro workers out of work,
the company president Joseph G.
Pew, politician and opponent OF
CLIO and New Deal activities, and
Dr. Emmett j. Scott, Negro head OF
Yard No. 4, will be taken to task.
Employees have taken the matter to
Senator Francis Myers and asked
that he probe the situation and
bring federal pressure on the COM
pany.
Trouble allegedly started just be-
fore the Presidential election when
Pew is said to have made several
statements that No. yard is on its
last legs. The statements, say ru-
mors, were a death stroke against
colored workers who favored the
CLIO union which was fighting for
control of the yard, over the COM
pany union.
Attention is called to the fact
that the yard has practically 100
per cent white supervising person
mel, though one of these supervis-
ors, Mark Williams, a Negro, has
charge of the cleaning department
Though the company employs foul
Negro foremen, the real death knelI
at this particular yard is that il
threatens seniority of many work
ers. If such be the case at Sur
Ship yard 4, and officials see fit tt
close down around June l, Their
nearly 5000 colored workers will be
affected and lose their jobs
Attention is also called to a re
cent broadcast by James B. Forres
tai, secretary of the navy, who saiC
that now, more than ever, NOR
material and ships are needed 70
an early decision in the war. 1t j
thus conceded that the turn o
events at Sun Is due to the politi
cal activities of one John Pew
company head who in the past 8
days is alleged to have stoutly OPP
posed low cost housing, the Wal
lace plan for so million jobs an,
the FEPC.
1t is expected that the matte
will be referred to the Meade sena
torial committee on war activitie
Or the National Maritime commits
sion.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Pullman Must Sell
It's Sleeping Cars

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(NNPA)
AS a result of a federal anti
trust suit the Pullman Company
was ordered last week to dispose
of it's sleeping car servicing bust
ness within one year by a Federal
Court in Philadelphia. The order
was entered to enforce a decree
issud last May requiring the Pull
man Company to break up the
monopoly it held on the manufac-
turing and servicing of railroad
sleeping cars.
Disposal of the sleeping car bus
1ness by the Pullman Company,
which will be bought, probably, by
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Urban League Adds
Four Staff Members

NEW YORK - CAMP Four
new members were added to the
Urban leagues staff here last week
Those named were Seaten w.
Manning, formerly executive sec
rotary of the Boston Urban lea
que; DR.. Paul B. Cornely, head of
the department of bacteriology at
Howard university's medical school
Edward F. Boyd, San Francisco
Civil Service commission and for
merly race relations specialist with
the 14,000-unit Vallejo Housing au-
thority, Cal; and Ewell L. New
man, formerly with the council of
social agencies d Community
chest of Elizabeth, N. j.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
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Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31
Do You Want
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Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-03-31

the railroads, will have an effect
on the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car PorterS. The Brotherhood,
which has labor union contracts
with the Pullman Co., does not
hold contracts with the operating
railroad brotherhoods handle the
railroads. Only the jimcrow white
bargaining with the railroads.
Whether provisions will be made
in the contract of sale for the
pullman porter personnel and their
bargaining rights was not part
of the court order.