davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-09

then through wringer, cleaning the
tub after washing, testing hot water
with their hand.
That manufacturer salesman
went out to sell only when he had the
machine that consumers wanted.
Result: In year the company was
going at full capacity, with 5000
dealers, and national distribution.
Sales research paved the way.
Recently similar research dis
covered that one of the best
places to sell electric-liRht bulbs
was in the corner grocery. And
when new soft-drink manufacturer
entered the field. he found that for
years other manufacturers had dis
tributed through $1,000 outlets in
New York City. His sales depart
ment went to work questioning GUS
TONERS and possible new dealers. 1t
found $4,000 more outlets. That
meant $4,000 new places in which
you could buy bottle OF pop.
Today's salesman is an expert
practical psychologist as well, He
knows what makes you tick - often
better than you do.
They Know You
You may think you're rational
human being, that you do things
only for sound reasons. Statesmen
know better. They know, for in
stance. that if you're boy-conscious
l8-year old, you won't care about
the durability of dress but you
will about the styling, And if you're
a normal school youngster you won't
care about the vitamins in your
cereal but you will about Jack
Dempsey's eating it. too.
Once a great philosopher was con-
sidering long voyage. A man OF
reason, lover of logic, he carefully
set up two columns on sheet OF
paper. In one, he put all the reasons
for going; in the other, all against.
The negative reasons won. So the
philosopher went anyhow. Because
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-25

suspicious until the police
with considerable miSgiv-
ing-detained the refined,
well = spoken traveller. He
was Joseph Arthur Dorey
an official war damage sur
veyor and a former squad
ron leader of the Air Trans
port Command.
"Just as a matter OF
routine" the officers cour-
teously insisted on visiting
Mr.. Dorey's apartment
where they found no less
than 70 Inequality suit
cases and bags.
Some of them were emp
ty, others were full of the
belongings of prosperous
owners. The culprit ad-
mitted that he had gone
through all the luggage and
cashcd in any pieces OF
jewelry he found.
Mr.. Dorey got off his
high horse and confessed,
in the best Oxford English.
Business reverses. he said,
had upset his equilibrium.
His behavior was as shock
ing 10 him as it must be TO
the authorities.
The bcwigged judge be
fore whom Mr. Dorey's law
yer repeated this erudite eX-
planation thought that a
nice long rcst-about four
years-in a place free from
good-looking luggage might
help greatly 10 restore the
gentlcman's balance.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-25

lF the British railways fol-
lowed the example of
their War Office in issuing
daily communiques, their
bulletins during one recent
period might have read like
this:
Operations proceeded ac-
cording to plan yesterday,
but another of our pasSen-
gers suitcases is missing"
Day after day, suitcases
and valises disappeared
mysteriously in stations or
on trains. Not cheap bags,
either, but the very finest,
crammed with expensive
clothing, jewelry and other
valuables.
Railway sleuthS and sta
ton personnel were frantic
and might be so still, but
for the StubbOrnnesS of a
little cockney station guard.
It was this man, an en-
ploye of the London, Mid
land e. Scottish Railway.
who first challenged the inn
presSive facade of respect
ability behind which moved
one Of wartime Englands
most successful gentlemen
crooks.
A handsome, well-dressed
man had just picked up a
choice piece of luggage in
Blctchley station when the
coCkney's sharp voice arose:
" Ere, ere, sir, that aynt
yer bag"
The traveller angrily tried
Evening star., 1945-01-28

If Montgomery Wards plant.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
lara Du Pont, StockhoIder
In Wards, Protests Fiqhf
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BOSTON, Jan. GA five-point
resolution dsapproving Montgomery
Wards defiance of the War Labor
Board today was sent to the COM
pany's Offices in Chicago by Miss
zara Du Pont of Cambridge, a stock
holder and member of the promi-
nent Delaware family.
Policies of Sewell Avery and the
company management were criti-
cized in the resolution, which will
be placed on the agenda of the
company's forthcoming annual
stockholders meeting.
The resolution said the company
"has publicly misrepresented
that the WLB has ordered compul-
sorry union membership;
d" Showed a disregard for the
war and lives Of American fighting
boys in refusing to comply with
WLB orders;
80 Wasted stockholders money
by prolonged litigation and squan-
dered immense sums in an adver-
tising campaign;
go : Attempted to undermine the
balance Of the Nations war economy
by attacking Government controls;
80 Absolute dictatorship is
as intolerable in the economic life
as in the political life of the Nation
and only through demo-
cratic union-management agree
ments can just, peaceful and pro-
ductive industrial relations be
maintained"
Evening star., 1945-01-28

predicted by high officials two weeks
ago. Then they had planned to
permit continued production OF
building trades machinery only, but
this, too, was wiped out in the final
decision.
when the overall manpower, IA
cilities and materials supply picture
has improved sufficiently it is ex-
pected that certain products will
sagain be covered by the regulation"
WPB announced. Equipment for
which nonpriority purchase orders
already have been placed but which
has not been actually shipped may
not be delivered unless proper pri-
ority authorization is obtained from
WPB, the agency ruled.
The items covered by the action
include general industrial equip
ment, electric motors and gener-
ators, electric motor controller.
plant elevators and escalators, con-
veying machinery and power
transmission equipment, weldir
equipment, printing trades me-
chinery, and logging, lumber am
wood products machinery and
equipment.
The action nullifed the second
major element In Mr.. Nelson's four
point reconversion plan, which was
approved last summer when civilian
and military officials alike believed
the European war would end in the
fall.
Evening star., 1945-01-28

as well close shop unless the Chicago
decision is reversed. In view of the
decision there also was uncertainty
as to just what action could be
taken in orders on other business in
the same nonmilitary category as
Wards were not needed.
Mr.. Davis pointed out that Ger
tiflcation of case to the President
for seizure is the only weapon WLB
holds when its orders are ignored.
He contends successful defiance of
the board by so large a firm as
Wards will furnish necessary en-
couragement to terrific labor and
management pressure on labor and
wage controls, so that a breakdown
of conciliation and wage-control
machinery would be inevitable.
Mr.. Davis filed brief in Judge
Sullivan's court at the time of seizure
when the Government requested an
injunction to prevent Wards from
interfering with military operation.
He outlined then what he believed
the effect would be on the labor rela-
tions stabilization program of a court
liquidation of the Government. A
spokesman said his views have not
changed.
Threatens 'Disintegration,' Davis says
The chairman said Wards persis-
tent refusal to settle its disputes
along lines laid down by WIaB
threatens the disintegration of the
wartime structure of labor relations
which depend upon the peaceful set
tlement of disputes by the WLB
- ." He said continued defiance
would breed strikes in war produc-
ton plants.
In third point, he added Wards
position "endangers the hold-the-
line national stabilization program
by rendering the Government in
capable of bringing about wage ad-
justments necessary Ito correct
gross inequities or aid in the effec-
tive prosecution of the war" This
would mean in his opinion that il
some employers succeed in "refus-
ing to pay as much as the board or
ders, others will seek to pay more
than the board can allow under the
stabilization law"
Judge Sullivan also denied Frank
w. McCulloch, minority stock
holder Of Wards, the right to inter-
vene in the case. Mr.. McCulloch
alleged Wards spent $2,OO0,OOO in
advertising and publicity on the
case and asked that its directors be
restrained from making such ex-
penditures, also that the court re-
quire a new election of directors
Judge Sullivan held that Mr.. Nc
Culloch's petition was not pertinent
to the case.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
High Lights Of Ward Ruling
Judge SuIIivon's Opinion Traces Extent
OfWor Powers, Firms Role as Retailer

The tolloaDing are high lights
from the opinion OF Federal
Judge Philip L. Sullipdn OF Chi
cago disnissing the Government
suit for an injunction ard declar-
atory judgment against Mont
gomery Ward e. Co..
I have carefully considered the
War Labor Disputes Act, and ap-
plying all the standards by which
its constitutionality may be tested,
I am of the opinion that 1t is con-
stitutional.
Montgomery Ward is admittedly
one of the largest merchandising
organizations in the world - but
none Of dts) factories are covered
by the executive order. - 1t is
principally engaged in a retail mail
order business.
** &x
The War Labor Disputes Act au-
thorizes the President to seize a
plant or facility only when 1t is
equipped to produce articles neces-
sary or useful in the war effort
The most severe part Of the act is
the plant seizure section. 1t is in
conceivable that Congress would ex-
ercise SO much care in clarifying
Section 8 (of the act) and leave
Section 3 (the plant seizure section)
to conjecture. 1t is obvious that
Congress had but one reason for
not enlarging upon the terms
plant, mine, or facility equipped
for the manufacture, production OF
mining of any articles or materials
which may be required for the wal
effort, and that is that the Ian.
guage is too clear to require defini-
ton. Nor was any provision made
for enforcing the orders of the Wal
Labor Board, Congress apparently
believing, and SO saying, that seizure
would be necessary only In cases
where the employers facilities were
equipped for manufacturing, mining
or producing.
X Il Il II
In any dictionary T have con-
suited, 1 have not found "produc-
ton" defined so as to include dis
tribution."
have carefully read the entire
Legislative history of the act and
from it I cannot draw the conclu-
sion that the terms equipped to
manufacture, mine or produce" also
include the term distribution" or
that Congress intended the act to
grant to the President the power to
seize a plant or facility engaged
solely in retail "distributions
I am of the opinion that the War
Labor Disputes Act did not confer
upon the President power to seize
the plants and facilities of Mont
gomery Ward & Co., a retail estab-
lishment engaged solely in distribu-
ton.
come now to the second ques-
ton: Whether the President, indie
pendently of action by. Congress, ha.
inherent power under the Constitu-
| tion which authorizes him to make
such a seizure as the one here ir
question. The military necessity
for action taken in the theater OF
war will not ordinarily be inquired
into by the courts, but outside the
theater of war the President, a.
Commander in Chief. does not have
unlimited power over the person!
and property of citizens.
| 4 n
II Montgomery Wards plant!
Evening star., 1945-01-28

should be voluntarily suspended for
the duration.
I 4
A tribunal has been established
to accomplish peaceful settlement
OF labor disputes during the war
emergency. Loyalty to our country
and our fighting forces should in
f1uence disputants in such labor
controversies to refrain from wag-
ing campaign against the use Of
this machinery but rather should
lead them to make every effort to
fairly present their disputes before
this tribunal and be guided by Its
recommendations, even lhough no
method IS provided for the enforce
ment thereof.
X X
II the disputants are not willing
to obey the recommendations of the
War Labor Board, which are ad-
mittedly only advisory, then Con-
gress alone is the only branch of
the Government which can compel
them to do so.
Evening star., 1945-01-28

involving correction of so-called
substandard wages of workers and
providing for grievance arbitration
machinery. The Army has put the
orders into effect.
Maj. Gen. Joseph w. Byron, mill
tary manager at Wards, said that
in accordance with Judge Sullivan's
stay pending appeal, the Army
would continue its operation of the
seized properties, 10 retail stores,
three mail order houses and three
warehouses in Chicago, Detroit, St.
Paul, Denver, Portland, Ore; San
Rafael, Calf, and Jamaica, N. Y.
Effect of the court decision was
reflected on the New York Stock
Exchange where buying Of Wards
stock was so heavy that trading
was held up 25 minues. The stock
closed at s52.87, up s2.75 from Fri
day.
Congress was divided somewhat
along party lines in opinion of Judge
Sullivan'S action. Representative
Ramspeck, Democrat, of Georgia
who headed the House inquiry into
the first Wards seizure last spring
and held the action justified, was
among those who called for legisla-
tion to enforce WLB orders. Repre-
sentative Curtis, Republican, of
Nebraska, who also served on the
!, investigating committee and who
Joined in a minority report opposing
the seizure, commented: Thank
God for the courage and fearless
ness of Judge Sullivan. 1t is VIC
tory for Government by law"
) Legislators Views Differ.
Senator Taft, Republican, of Ohio,
thought the decision was in accord
with the intent of the Smith-Co
nally Act. while Senator Bridges,
Republican, of New Hampshire, said
he was ''gratified that the court has
defined the limitation of the presi-
; dental powers which have been
used SO fagrantly" Most outspoken
of those who did not agree was Rep
resentative Clark, Democrat, of
North Carolina, who said the Presi-
dent has mandate" to marshal
the whole power of the home front
as we'll as the fighting men.
attorney General Biddle had only
the following brief comment to
make:
"The Department of Justice will
prosecute an appeal from Judge
Sullivan's decision in the Montgom-
cry Ward case as promptly as pos
sible. 1t is the departments desire
to expedite final decision of this
case"
A Justice spokesman interpreted
the statement as indicative of Mr.
Biddles intention to make the ap-
peal to the Supreme Court and not
the Chicago appellate tribunal.
Future WLB Action Uncertain.
WLB, which has tried vainly for
nearly three years to obtain COM
pliance with its labor orders from
Wards, took the view that it might
Evening star., 1945-01-28
United Auto Workers
Call on Clio 10 Give
Up Places on WLB

BY the Associated Press.
NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 27.-The
Executive Board Of United Automo-
bile Workers (CIO) today adopted
a resolution urging the CIO to with
draw its representatives from MEM
bership on the War Labor Board.
In a statement made public late
today, the board said it would con-
tact CIO President Phillip MUIR
ray to urge vigorously such action.
"We urge upon President Roose-
welt the creation of a new labor
board whose prerogatiyes in the
field for which it is created shall
be comprehensive, clearly defined
and not subject to the veto of other
Government agencies" the state
ment said. "The new agency must
have the authority to grant Amer
ican labor economic equity and ad-
just its legitimate grievances justly
and without delay"
The Executive Board, which
claims representation of more than
million workers, is holding its an
annual meeting here.
The statement claims that USE
fulness of the War Labor Board
"has been destroyed" by wide limi-
tations placed on it's authority to
discharge the functions for which
it was created.
1T is clear that under current
policies the boards discretion to act
on economic issues, basic or fringe
is non-existent for all practical pur-
poses," the statement said. THE
area of discretion which remains is
insignificant and totally inadequate
for the adjustment of labor's legiti-
mate grievances or for maintenance
of stable and equitable wartime
labor relations"
"Labor's avenue for settlement OF
its wage problems has been closed
by executive orders of James F.
Byrnes, former director of the Of
flee Of Economic Stabiliza ton, anc
Fred NJ Vinson, his successor" the
statement continued.
Continued labor participation In
the WLB will not contribute to the
solution of any of labor's problems
or the Nations economic problems.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Jan 27.-Federal Judge
Philip Leo Sullivan, President
Roosevelt's appointee who today
ruled the Governments seizure OF
Montgomery Ward & Co. properties
was illegal, has raped the Govern
ment's knuckles several times in his
colorful 24-year-old judicial career.
AS a Federal district jurist, he
once dismissed antitrust charges
against the late Mike Carrozzo, labor
leader prosecuted because his work.
ers refused to use ready-miXed ce-
ment.
He countered the immigration laws
In the case of a Czechoslovak Jew ar
rested for a minor infraction of the
law, he refused to permit deporta-
ton of the man, saying, ito deport
this man would be cruel and inhu-
man punishment. I won't do it. I
order his release"
Heard $50 Murder Cases.
In the State courts, Judge Sullivan
heard $50 murder cases. In one he
sentenced the defendant, fellow
World War veteran, saying:
"You and I were soldiers in the
same Army. You should have learned
the laws of humanity the Army
taught, for these laws now demand
that I sentence you to be hanged"
Evening star., 1945-01-28

Judge Sullivan, born SIS years ago
on farm near Marengo, Ill, taught
in the Buena Vista, ILL.,, public schools
before he took bachelor of laws
degree from Loyola University, Chi
cago, in 1911. He was appointed a
Superior Court master in chancery
in 1915 end held a similar appoint
ment in the Cook County (Chicago)
Circuit Court from 1919 to 1921,
when he was elected judge in the
same court.
Judge Is Democrat.
In the World War he enlisted as
an artillery private. He was dis
charged as a lieutenant in 1919.
Judge Sullivan was the young
est judge ever elected to the Cir
cult Court in Cook County He
served there until President Roose-
welt elevated him to the Northern
District of Illinois in 1888.
The judge is member of the
American Legion, the knights of
Columbus and several Chicago So
cial clubs His Who's Who" bi-
ography lists him as a Democrat.
Bushy browed and white haired
Judge Sullivan collects convention
canes and likes golf but used to be
more familiar with a pool cue. He
lives on Chicago's South Side with
his wife, the former Daisy Dona-
hue. and his daughter, Virginia, 81.
Evening star., 1945-01-28

and facilities were located within
the actual theater Of military oper-
ations, and its goods were necessary
and essential for the use OF the
naval or military forces, then the
Commander in Chief might law
fully take possession of them. But
the armed forces, SO far as we
know, being adequately supplied and
equipped, and Montgomery Wards
plants and facilities being far re-
moved from the scene OF actual
military activities, those plants and
facilities may not be seized by the
President simply because at some
future time, on account of the ex-
istence of labor dispute between
it and its employees, Montgomery
Ward may not be able to deliver
supplies deemed necessary or useful
to the war effort.
The constitutional guarantees
that protect the sacred rights, lib
critics and property OF American
citizens, from the humblest to the
most exalted, still remain inviolate.
These rights may not be trans
gressed with impunity nor be dis
regarded because of expediency;
neither may they be abridged or
suspended, even for a single mo-
ment, except In the manner and
under the circumstances specifical-
ly provided by law.
1t is with considerable reluctance
| that I have arrived at the con-
clusions in this case. Our Nation
is engaged in global war, and it
Is imperative that we contribute
everything we have to insure its
speedy and successful conclusion.
Our country Is in great crisis and
our liberty and very existence are
at stake. So deeply do I feel on
this subject that I beNeve 1t is not
too much to expect that for the
duration employers, employees and
unions on the home front should
make determined effort to adjust
their labor disagreements without
reSortlng 10 strikes and lockouts.
| X
Selflshness, arrogance, intolerance
tof the rights of others, self inter
est and unwillingness to compro-
mise should, during this emergency,
tbe all subordinated for the common
good. The peacetime privilege of en-
gaging in prolonged labor disputes
Evening star., 1945-01-28
liant Reconyersion
Machine Production
Halted by WPB 0rdeI
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The War Production Board yester-
day halted production of industrial
machinery and plant equipment for
postwar civilian manufacturing.
The action was blow to manu-
facturers who hoped to get their
plants set up for reconversion when
Germany falls and who since last
summer have been able to get de-
livery on such machinery when its
production did not interfere with
war work.
A manufacturer still may place
nonpriority orders for machinery,
but WPB's action prevents machin-
cry builders from filling such orders
or delivering the equipment.
This was accomplished by an
amendment to ''priorities regulation
24"-one of the so-called "reconver-
sion orders" which former Chair
man Donald M. Nelson issued last
summer over military opposition
The amendment removes from the
orders coverage every type of ma
chinery formerly listed.
The action was more drastic than
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Ward
Continued From First Page.)

ticular railroad when military neces-
sity requires its use for the move
ment of naval or military forces of
the United States and their supplies
and equipment, but he may not
without authority from Congress
lawfully seize all of the railroads
Of the country Immediately as war
is declared"
Judge Sullivan said that if Wards
properties were within the theater
of military operations and it's goods
were essential for military use,
"then the Commander in Chief
might lawfully take possession of
them" But, he continued. since
Wards is far removed from the
scene of actual military activities
those plants and facilities may not
be seized by the President simply
because at some future time, on
account of the existence of a labor
dispute between it and its en-
ployes, Montgomery Ward may not
be able to deliver supplies deemed
necessary or useful to the wal
effort"
Firm Engaged in Distribution.
He said he had read carefully the
entire legislative history of tn,
Smith-Connally Act land from it
cannot draw the conclusion tina
the terms equipped to manufacture
mine Or produce also include tn,
term distribution Gas the Govern.
ment contendeO or that Congress
intended by the Act to grant t.
the President the power to seize 6
plant or facility engaged solely Ii
retail distribution.
Ward Board Chairman Sewel
Avery, leader, of management re,
sistance to Government labol
edlctS, commented in Chandler
Ariz., that the courts decision
means "A great day for labor, add.
ing that "the battle of Wards foI
seven years has been to maintain
Independence of the individual il
his constitutional rights to Join 6
union, not to join a union or tt
resign from union as he wishes.
'Woe to labor if Avery becomes
its champion" replied Samuel VOL
chok, international president of the
C1O United Retail, Wholesale and
Department Store EMPLOYEES. the
union involved in most of the Ward
stores in the dispute.
The Army took over, on orders
from the White House, 16 of Wards
839 establishments in seven cities
including the Chicago headouar-
tiers, on December % after the
company had fatty refused to obey
WLB directives concerning work.
ing conditions of employees. Strikes
had been in progress for some time
at several of the stores.
Other Orders in Effect.
The WLB order to which Mr.
Avery referred in his victory
statement provided for main
tenance of union membership, which
ne opposed as form of closed shop
But there were other board orders
whlch the company defied, ones