davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-01
Catholic Court Ends
Study on Mother Seton
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
NEW ORLEANS, Dec. IAN &C.
clesiastical court Of the Roman
Catholic Church, considering evi-
dence in q proposal to list Mother
Elizabeth Seton of New York among
the saints Of the church, has con-
cluded its sessions.
Msgr. Charles P. Greco, chief
judge. said the New Orleans sessions
were held to collect testimony about
the cure in 1885 of Sister Gertrude, a
nun attached to De Paul Sanitarium
here, from cancer. The cure fol-
lowed prayers by Sisters Of Charity
to Mother Seton, and If the church
accepts 1t as miraculous, one Of the
requirements for beatification OF
Mother Seton would be filed.
The court here makes no decision
but completes its record and for
wards it to the Vatican.
Mother Seton, a native Of New
York and q convert to Catholicism
founded the American branch of the
Sisters of Charity early in, the last
century in Baltimore and established
the headquarters in Emmitsburg
Md.
Evening star., 1945-12-01
was that he had hoped to make an
appeal to the King Of England to
help stop the war.

was that he had hoped to make an
appeal to the King Of England to
help stop the war.
Malignity Toward Jackson.
Maj. Kelley suggested that Hess
outburst may have been inspired by
the presence Of Justice Robert H.
Jackson, the American chief prose-
cutor, throughout yesterdays ses-
sion. for Hess is believed suffering
from a conscious malignity" toward
Justice jackson.
Hess counsel, Gunther Won Rohr-
scheidt, disclosed that Hess had pre-
pared a statement for the court and
press to be released today, the first
time the tribunal has held a Satur-
day session. Won Rohrscheidt also
said Hess made 1t plain that he "ex-
poets to be executed"
A British prosecutor commented:
well, Hess has made it quite unsafe
for anybody not to try him. Either
Hess is completely haywire and OF
his rocker, or he is completely re-
covered. The trial ought to show
that"
Counsel Flabbergasted.
Won Rohrscheidt said he was COM
pletely f1abbergasted at his clients
sensational action.
ut might quite as well indicate
that he is completely irresponsible,
as prove he is responsible" the at
torney said.
Hess merely sent me note asking
that he be heard, but gave no indi-
cation what he desired to say. He
wrote his brief statement out in
court. I. still claim he isn't fit to
defend himself. This action con-
firmed my suspicion.
This statement proves that Hess
can think perfectly logically, but
there are lapses in his brain. After
all, he has been under observation
for years and pSychiatrists agree
there is something wrong with him."
6. 6. Lahousen Cross-Examined.
Defense counsel got their first
chance at cross-examination when
the court recalled Maj. Gen. Edwin
Lahousen, leading Germany Army
officer whose tastimony
yesterday placed the blame for
mass murder of Polish ana Russian
prisoners directly on Hitler and the
high commands chief of staff, Field
Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, one of the
score of German leaders on trial.
Asked If he and other professed
anti Hitler military leaders knew
the attitude of Franz Won Papen,
former German diplomat and one of
the defendants, toward the Nazi war
policies, Lahousen replied:
II recall that Canaris said they
were negative" He referred to Ad-
miral Wilhelm Canaris, German spy
expert who was described as leader
of a secret anti-Hitler military
clique until his execution after the
unsuccessful 1914 bomb plot against
the Fuehrer.
Lahousen, Austrian born aide to
Canaris, said he had heard indi-
rectly that Won Papen, like Canaris,
Evening star., 1945-12-01

to conduct their own defense, but If
they avail themselves of counsel, we
submit that they are not entitled to
be heard in person." Justice jack
son said.
A few minutes later Justice Law
renee denied Goering's petition to
cross-examine witnesses, but said
the accused Nazis have the right to
take the stand in their own defense
and also could make statements at
the end Of the trial.
The court adjourned until Mon
day
Evening star., 1945-12-01
By the Associated Press.

HONOLULU, Dec. IA diehard
japanese garrison of one captain, one
lieutenant and As army and navy
men formally surrendered yesterday
on Saipan to 1t. Col. Howard G..
kurgis, Beloit, Kans., after being
holed up in the hills for 10 months.
Daily Target. Army newspaper,
said Col. Kurgis, commanding the
18th Marine Antiaircraft Battalion,
accepted the surrender by Capt.
Sakae Oba, the groups senior officer.
This tattered remnant Of a one
strong fighting force marched out
of the hills in formation, carrying
a japanese flag. They formed two
platoons and carried American
made carbines, Browning automatic
Evening star., 1945-12-01

had secretly opposed Hitler's war
policies.
Parties Counsel's Questions.
Keitel's attorney, Otto Nelte, in q
long series Of questions, made little
effort to dispute Lahousen's dam
aging testimony yesterday concern
ing the high commands war pris-
oner policy, but sought to gain ad-
missions from the former intelN-
gence ofIlcer that he had sabotaged
Germany's war effort and was thus
a traitor.
To this the Austrian-born general,
who entered the German Army after
Hitler's anschluss in 1898, replied
that he stood for only what my
conscience agreed with"
Lahausen gesticulated vigorously
as he declared that Keitel de-
manded both military and political
obedience from the army. Asked If
the high commands fundamental
attitude was military. he answered:
1T should have been, according to
our opinion, but according to Keitel,
Naziism came first. I don't know
whether he got orders along that
line, but he certainly ordered that,
above all, our attitude must be Ma
tional Socialist"
Acted From Political Standpoint.
Many Of the army leaders felt, he
added, that Everything was done
from political Nazi viewpoint and
not effectively, from military at
titude."
Nelte declared that Keitel had de-
MED Lahousen's testimony of yes
terday that the high command chief
had ordered the assassination in
1910 of French Gen. Maxine Wey-
gand, generalissimo at the time Of
Frances defeat and later admins
traitor for Marshal Petain in North
Africa, and demanded written proof
from the witness.
This order was given verbally
by Canaris as coming from Keitel
but I was present at a conference
where Keitel asked me what hap.
pened about it," Lahousen replied.
Lahousen said orders from Keitel
to assassinate Gen. Weygand and
Gen. Henri Giraud, who later be-
came the French leader In North
Africa, were never carried out by
Canaris. Greek-born head of the
German Army's counterintelligence
section.
Goering Asks to Interrogate.
A dispute between American prose.
cutors and defense lawyers broke
out when counsel for Goering asked
II the Nazi leader could question
Lahousen personally. Justice Law.
renee said the tribunal would retire
to determine whether the accused
Nazi as well as his lawyer could
cross-examine witnesses.
Justice Jackson strongly protested
declaring the trial would be turned
into show" If the defendants them
selves conducted the cross-examina-
ton.
"The defendants have the right
Evening star., 1945-12-01
Ship Gift to ItoIy Reported

ROME, Dec. l R).-The morning
newspaper II Tempo today quoted
Ercole Sozzi, president of the Italo-
American Chamber of Commerce of
New York, as saying the United
States would give Italy 46 Liberty
ships. Sozzi now Is touring North
ern Italy.
Evening star., 1945-12-01
Decision Due Next Week
In Trial at KwujoIein

KWAJALE1N, Dec. / (P. - The
decision Of an American military
court as to whether 10 Japanese
officers must die for the beheading
of five American airmen in the
Marshalls probably will be handed
down next week.
Trial Of the 10 for offenses COM
mitted on Mill Atoll in February,
1914, was completed yesterday on
the eighth day, with the prosecu-
tion demanding the death penalty
and the defense pleading fair,
righteous and impartial considera-
ton"
Evening star., 1945-12-01
90, 900 Tires for CiviIions

BALTIMORE, Dec. l R.-The
Army's Sd Service Command has
declared $4,000 tires, worth $1,000,-
900. as surplus and turned them
over to the Reconstruction Finance
Corp. for sale to civilians, Mai.
Gen. Philip Hayes, commanding Of
flcer, announced.
Evening star., 1945-12-01

Victory Bonds will help to sup.
ply the cash for hospitalization and
rehabilitation Of disabled soldiers,
sailors, marines and airmen.
Evening star., 1945-12-01
Hess Sighs and Says
4 Feel Better After
Ending Fake Amnesio
sy the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NUREMBERG, Dec. Back
in the quiet Of his jail cell after
his sensational statement to
the International Military Tri-
bunal yesterday, Rudolf Hess
sighed and said, II feel better"
When his jailer, Col. B. G.
Andrus, remarked that he was
glad he was not going to fake
amnesia anymore, Hess replied:
Zach, I feel unburdened-I
feel better"
Evening star., 1945-12-01
Chino
CONTINUED From First Page. }

Of Hsuchow as q preparatory mo,
In the drive.
Evening star., 1945-07-20

advance of immersion. In his cata-
logue Of the objects turned over to
the museum, Sir Cyril submits that:
"The time sequence begins with
chariot horn-cap in bronze of the
second century BIC. and ends with
the (two) slave-gang chains and
decorated bronze strips rejecting
Belgic work of the first century AID,
with the bulk of the datable objects
falling into the first century BE-"
1t is stipulated that: There is no
direct Roman influence -discernible
in any Of the objects, which suggests
that they were deposited on or before
the conquest of Mona by Suetonius
Paulinus in AID. 61."
No final verdict on the discovery
is feasible until further examination
of the site and its environs has been
completed. What is significant is
that there now appears to be
better chance for filling in" the
gap in British history between the
age Of bronze and the expansion of
Mediterranean civilization north
ward nearly two thousand years ago.
Americans are. interested in the
problem because their culture traces
back to the same sources.
Evening star., 1945-07-20
Fishing by Ear
From the Manchester auardiaa.

From the Manchester Guardiaa.
So many scientific advances have been
made during the war that a corre-
spondent wonders whether the trawiers
now being returned to their owners by
the Admiralty viii be fitted with any
devices to facilitate fishing. Several Of
the many published accounts Of patrols
in antisubmarine vessels have mentioned
the sensitive listening equipment which
is fitted in these ships as part of their
submarine apparatus, and
many writers have mentioned that even
shoal of fish may be detected by the
listening equipment. The penetrating
ping" which denotes the presence of
the submarine or the shoal-the ma
chinery has not reached the level of
perfection when 1t discriminates-is re-
cordable as being in such and such a
direction and distance from the ship
which has received the ping" This de-
vice fitted in trawler might direct the
ship to the most profitable spots in the
ocean, and would save time and labor
in shooting the nets In places where the
yield would be small. The other device
which could lessen the work OF the deep
sea fishermen is the depth charge: the
navy realized early in the war that even
II the depth charge did not always bag
U-boat at least 1t brought some COM
pensation to the surface in the form of
good supply OF dead f1sh for wardroom
and mess deck.
Evening star., 1945-07-20
CupituI Transit Fares

On the basis of the testimony
submitted at the recent hearings,
the Public Utilities Commission had
ample reason for its refusal to
order at this time a reduction in
the fares charged by the Capital
Transit Company.
AS pointed out in the decision,
the company, as result Of the
ruling in the Pentagon fare case,
is faced with a loss of revenue
amounting to at least $267,000 a
year Furthermore, the transit COM
pany's revenues probably will be
adversely affected by such things as
loss of passenger traffic when
present restrictions on the use of
private automobiles are removed, a
prospective decline in Government
worker population, a possible award
Of higher wages to its employees in
current arbitration proceedings, and
q resumption of normal loading
standards when idle equipment can
be put back into service.
The commission, over the protests
of counsel for the company, insisted
on eliminating some $14,O00,000 Of
book value from the rate base-a
ruling which will operate to the
company'S disadvantage If it should
appeal for fare increases in the
future. But the present fares, in
the commissions opinion, are "fair,
reasonable and nondiscriminatory,"
and therefore not subject to reduc-
ton.
This finding stands in interesting
contrast to a position taken last
year by spokesmen for a dozen union
and professional groups, who charged
that bus and Streetcar fares in the
Capital were excessive, extortionate,
unjust, unreasonable and Illegal"
These individuals, contending that
they were concerned with the in
terests of all bus and streetcar
riders, accused the PUG of dilatory
tactics and demanded an immediate
reduction in fares.
Curiously enough, however, during
the lengthy hearings before the PUG
this spring on the fare question, not
single representative of the COM
planning group appeared in support
of last years statement. Their orig
inal petition for an immediate re-
duction in fares had been rejected
by the commission, but, If they had
confidence in the correctness Of
their complaint, it is surprising to
say the least that they permitted
their opportunity to present their
case at the hearing to go by default.
Evening star., 1945-07-20
Iron Ace Discoveries

Now that the European phase Of
"this double war" is over, the British
press has opportunity to consider
other than purely military develop
ments in the area which it most
particularly serves, and one OF the
subjects to which it has directed
attention in recent weeks is that of
the finding of number of arti-
facts-including rings, bracelets,
currency bars, bride bits, trumpet,
a water clock, a bronze plaque of
exquisite design suggesting the
existence of an early iron age" in
Wales prior to the beginning Of the
Christian era.
The discovery was accidental and
"unscientific," but Sir Cyril Fox, an
eminent authority on Welsh archie
ology, has issued a report attesting
its Importance. Some ninety OBJ.
jects," it is revealed, already have
been delivered to the National
Museum at Cardiff, and additional
accessions are expected to follow as
exploration of the site of the find
proceeds. The relics were unearthed
more accurately dredged up-in
lake on an island off the northwest
coast of Wales on direct line with
Chester in England and Dublin in
Ireland.
Three possible explanations" are
set forth in Sir Cyril's preliminary
study. 1t is conceivable that the
relics were part of the debris of an
as yet undiscovered settlement for
which the only other evidences are
the bones of food animals thrown
into the lake, not necessarily at the
same time as the other objects"
Alternative theories involve Druid
and Celtic rituals Of sacrifice. Some
of the artifacts were broken before
being cast into the water, and 1t has
been suggested that they deliberately
were rendered "unseryiceable" In
Evening star., 1945-07-20
Worth Scrutiny

There may be good reason to
liberalize the lending and educa-
tional provisions Of the "GI Bill of
Rights" but the manner In which
this has just been done by the
House seems scarcely commendable.
With only about 100 members pres
ent. the amending legislation
pushed through without a reading
was approved without a dissent,
though only a few Representatives
are believed to have seen the 48-
page measure or been otherwise
acquainted with its contents. The
educational changes include one ex-
tending from two to four years after
discharge the time in which an
ex-soldier may begin a Federally
financed course Of study, and an
other substantially increasing the
monthly subsistence allowance to
be paid to him. AS for the lending
features of the original bill-under
which the Government guarantees
half of the principal Of any loan
as long as the half does not ex-
coed $4,000 - the chief change is
that loans could be made without
the prior approval of the Veterans
Administration. solely on the basis
Of the lenders decision. Such lib
eralization may be wholly war
ranted, but 1t involves questions Of
policy and cost obviously important
enough to receive more conSidera-
tion than the House has shown.
The amendments now await action
in the Senate. 1t is to be hoped that
they will be properly scrutinized
there before a vote is taken.
Evening star., 1945-07-20

marked increase in this figure un-
der an intensified growing program.
What darkens the food outlook
for the japanese is not so much
the productive capacity OF their
homeland as the shortage of agri-
cultural manpower, the disruption
Of their transportation, the steady
decline in their fishing, and similar
conditions brought about by our
constant land, sea and air attack.
These conditions are bound to grow
much worse, and should Russia en-
ter the war-which, among other
things, would make the fish situa-
tion desperate - starvation might
then become imminent for Hiro-
hito's subjects. There is nothing in
the picture to give them the slight
est sense Of security or cheer.
Evening star., 1945-07-20
Conference News Blackout
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

Judging by appearances only. the
same old silly pattern OF attempted
secrecy is being followed in the con-
duct of the Big Three meeting at Pots
dam which has characterized other in
ternational conferences during this war.
So far the results have been just what
could be expected from former expert
ence: No official news, except on trivial
subjects, but a. flood of rumors, leaks
and whispers.
We learn who had lunch with whom
and what they ate. but we are not told
what they said. Incidentally, the pub
licity on steaks and strawberries is not
going down very well in strictly ra-
toned Britain, nor, we may well imag-
inc, in the food-shortage areas of the
continent. There are not even limited
press conferences by delegation advis-
ers or secretaries, such as proved use
full at Quebec and elsewhere. One re-
port says that the Presidents press
secretary, Charles Ross is actually not
allowed to leave the official compound,
into which no correspondent may at
tempt entrance on pain of being i'm
mediately disaccredited.
Under these conditions rumor is
hard at work. Senator Capehart seems
to have heard in Washington that Mar
shal Stain has come to Potsdam with
a seven-point Japanese surrender of
fer. Correspondents learn" that Presi-
dent Truman has forced consideration
Of the Japanese war to the top of the
Off ,ial agenda. Another dispatch says
that Mr.. Truman is operating strictly
on B give-and-take basis-no American
ecor omic concessions without getting
something in return. There are other
rumors, and there will be great many
more as the conference proceeds un-
less a more constructive policy Is
adopted.
There are some signs that President
Truman and Prime Minister Churchill
are trying to persuade their Russian
colleagues to agree to some liberaliza-
ton of the present regulations. The
Russians have been issuing no state
ments at all, but they did permit the
Moscow radio to broadcast the one
really important item of official news
(the bare fact that the first business
session Of the conference had taken
place. well before the official release
iSh correspondents were required to
wait. This, too, is painfully reminiscent
Of some of the occurrences at previous
conferences.
1t is understandable that there should
be considerable public irritation, and
even anxiety, about the news blackout
in Potsdam. After all, the decisions be-
ing taken there may well affect the
Evening star., 1945-07-20
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

We have begun program of German
re-education, both in the prison camps
and in Germany. But 1t is without
clarity of aim, and therefore negative,
or of the point.
Half a dozen leading American uni
versities have collaborated on the pris-
oner of war program without answering
the primary question: What for?
A review Of the courses, as described
at some length in the New York Times,
would seem to indicate that we are
grooming German prisoners to become
American citizens! They are to study
English, the most popular course; Amer
lean geography, history, and social in
stitutions. Nothing is to be taught that
does not deal with the American way of
life. Why? The courses might turn out
to have been excellent training for fu-
ture German spies. aBg8
II our idea is to create German citi-
zens with American ideas of government,
then we must show the connection be-
tween Jeffersonian and Lincolnian ideas
and concepts that have found express
sion in Germany. What the German
prisoner who must return home is
thinking about Is a future German way
of life. If he becomes indoctrinated with
American principles, and applies them
to his own country, he will find them
incompatible with the system of military
government which Americans have set
up there. Just as the English philos-
ophers of freedom were the teachers Of
the American rebels who rose against
British rule, so American Government
principles, If digested by Germans, would
logically create rebellions.
The Russians have thought more prac-
tically. Their prisoner of war re-educa-
tion has consisted of fostering German
political movements, German publica-
tions. and German discussions in the
camps, chiefly under the guidance of
exiled German Communists, who. shortly
after the Russian armies moved into
Germany, returned and now are address
ing Communist gatherings, in the only
occupational zone where political assem-
blages are permitted, namely the
Russian.
There must always be a connection
between education and life's realities.
If German prisoner becomes inf1amed
with admiration for the American Bill
Of Rights, he is certain to demand civil
liberties in his own land, where not a
single one of them exists under the
occupation armies. Communism is not
incompatible with Moscow's discipline
and authority, but liberal democracy Is
incompatible with ours. All, there's the
rub!