davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-19
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

war. The danger will be that out of
distintegration the country will fall into
anarchy with attempted seizures of
power by brutal minorities.
The idea that military government
by itself can bring civilian order out of
such chaos is preposterous.
1t will be necessary: First, to main
tain a production and distribution sys-
tenn. industrial and agricultural To do
this certain NaA regulations will have
to be kept with new administrators.
NaA theology has nothing to do with
functioning rationing system, planned
delivery of farm products and other
purely economic regulations. The con-
tlnued functioning of the economy de-
mands commissions of trained managers
who can be brought in from outside
Their task will be enormous, for Ger
many is, at this moment, eating up its
resources and economically disinte-
grating.
Second, confidence-inspiring courts
must be established. Gen Eisenhower
Is planning sto revive the pre-Hitler civil
codes. But the problem is of wedding
out judges, and for that we need a
Judicial commission of discriminating
persons
Third, and most important in the
long run, is education: The re-estab-
hshment of primary, secondary and uni
versity education in harmony with
civilized standards. For that we shall
need an educational commission.
X X
Political establishment will need
time-until a nonexistent public opin-
ion creates itself. But the other things
will be pressing.
These commissions have not, I be-
heve, been called into existence, but they
should be created now. 1t is very late,
and We must use the material that is
at hand.
However we occupy Germany, the
highly centralized economy of Ger
many will have to be rum to start with,
anyhow, from single center The first
commission should consist of able indus
trial managers, whose job must be pure
ly technical, furnished by the four oc-
cupying powers.
For the second commission personnel
Is available. There are thousands of
German lawyers in exile. The son of
the last pre-Hitler justice of the German
Supreme Court is in New York. These
men should be organized.
For the third we can draw some thou
sand anti-Nazi scholars
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1945-01-19

country reduced to serfdom by the
Allies
This explains the fanatical stubborn
ness noticeable among the German
troops fighting in the west There is
no reason to believe that the same
frame Of mind does not exist among
the armies in the east
The Germans have withdrawn in the
west as speedily as they Withdrew in the
east until they reached their fixed de-
fense line. In the west, taking advantage
of weather conditions which prevented
the Allies from using their great air
superiority, the Nazis waited until they
were in position to strike back before
attempting to upset our offensive
strategy.
In the east they have defenses at least
as strong as in the west and weather
conditions may favor them again if they
can delay the Reds knockout blow long
enough. Within the next six or seven
weeks the great thaw will set in on that
section OF the front. The Russian armies
which are operating in great masses may
then be faced with great transportation
difficulties while the Germans have a
complete network of railways and stra-
tegic roads behind them. Such a condi-
ton unquestionably will be exploited by
the German high command.
X " u u
The eastern front is closed book to
all the people in the west. Outside the
official communiques of the armies in
volved and the reports of the Russian
or German war correspondents. nothing
much is known about the fighting condi-
tlons in that area. But information has
seeped through strict censorship that
would indicate most of the rules and
ethics OF warfare have been discarded
and the conflict has assumed the aspects
OF the battles fought in the days of
Genghis Khan and Tamerlane. No
distinction is made between combatants
and civilians and frequently war pris-
oners feel that they would have been
far better off had they died on the
battlefield.
This situation is being mentioned to
make 1t more clear that the developing
battles actually will be battles of ex-
termination with no quarter given or
asked. Under these conditions it is
highly unlikely that the Germans will
give up until there is not single ounce
OF resistance left in them.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Museum Expansion

Plans announced for postwar
renovation, rearrangement and ex-
pansion" of the Metropolitan Mu-
scum of Art naturally will be of in
terest to the Nation at large as well
as to New York City. The "altera-
tion of the present interior" of the
building and new construction, it
has been explained, will make pos
sible the display of the Museums
vast collections in five separate en-
titles. One section will be devoted
to the ancient art of the Mediter-
ranean basin-Egypt, the Near East,
Greece and Rome. Another will be
assigned to Oriental art, including
India and the Far East. The third
portion will be known as the picture
gallery but will shelter the graphic
arts and prints departments also.
Decorative arts-domestic architec-
ture, furniture, ceramics, textiles,
costumes, ETC., are to be housed in
the fourth division, and the Amer
lean wing In association with the
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Objects to old Rulers
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Various hyphenated American pressure
groups right now are exerting political
pressure upon this administration In the
direction of restoring the old monarch
ial, fascist type of governments in Eu-
rope, especially in Poland, Italy and
Greece This influence is exerted
through the press, the pulpit and direct
political channels.
Beyond all question, the governments
in exile are patterned after the Hitler
regime. If these gentry are allowed to
return to power at this time, they will
find ways and means to prevent any
really free elections to determine what
kind of government the people really
want.
A large proportion of the populations
of these countries are illiterate peasants
who have little experience in the meth
DDS of democratically registering their
wishes. Should the old rulers return
even temporarily. these peasants, ac-
customed to domination as they are,
will vote generally as their clerical or
other fascist leaders tell them.
jacob NEESE.
Evening star., 1945-01-19

to reinforce the 9Th Army group for
the defense of Strasbourg, there is an
other consideration which the Germans
must keep in mind, and that is the
Sd Army's attack in the Diekirch
area, where two divisions are reported
as driving northeast into German ter
ritory at the very base of the former
bulge" If this advance is continued,
it may cut vitality important German
communication routes between the
Rhine and the frontier; should it reach
Prum, there would be no further posi-
hility of taking German troops out of
the bulge area at all, and German dis
aster would be virtually certain.
x *
1t is quite possible, therefore, that
the relief of the pressure on Strasbourg
may be accomplished better by this
thrust than by any direct reinforce
ment. OF all the spots along the western
front where Won Rundstedt would at
this juncture, least like to see an Allied
attack gain ground, the Diekirch area
probably ranks as No. l. He Is still fight
ing hard to hold us out of ST. With until
he has extricated his forces from the
Houffalize- -Bastogne region. He has
had to make very considerable defen-
sive effort, involving not only "expend-
able" troops, but "nonexpendable"
armored forces-no less than 60 of his
big tanks are reported dug in between
Malmedy and st. With
Therefore the Sd Army's advance
from Diekirch presents to the German
commander new problem, which must
be dealt with because If it goes ahead
it will bring him quick disaster, but
which imposes a strain on his remain
ing reserves that will certainly discour-
age him in seeking adventures else
where.
Already it. is reasonable to assume
that the Ardennes failure has cost Won
Rundstedt about half his painfully coll
lected mobile reserve. The loss of the
remainder, or most of it, would be very
poorly repaid even by the temporary
regaining of Strasbourg as a prize to
flaunt before the German people 1t
should ever be kept in mind that the
main Allied objective on the western
front is to destroy the German Army,
not to capture or to hold this town or
that.
When enough German divisions have
been knocked out, the cities will be ours
quickly enough.
tcopyrisht. 1e45.)
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Jupun's War Machine

The successful advance of our in
vading Army on Luzon from the
Lingayen beachheads to the broad
valleys leading southwark to Manila
poses not merely local problem for
japanese defense strategy but a cru
cial test of the Japanese Army eff
GENTLY to wage modern mechanical
warfare on large scale.
After all the fighting the japanese
Army has done against the western
Allies and, before that, in China, it
may at first sight seem strange that
no such clear-cut test has previously
occurred. Yet retrospective survey
will show that this is fact.
The japanese campaigns in China
have been extremely one-sided con-
tests against an enemy lacking al
most all the paraphernalia of mod
ern warfare. Lpgistics, the element
of communications and supply, has
been the chief factor limiting the
scope of Japan's successes in the
Chinese theater.
Since Pearl Harbor. japanese
armies have been engaged against
American, British and Dutch troops,
together with colonial forces of those
western powers. Yet, in each specific
operation, the japanese possessed
cumulative superiority which rem
der the outcome virtually certain,
regardless of incidental DEFICIENCIES
in japanese equipment or tactical
handling.
Take the Philippines, for example.
General Macarthur was quite un-
prepared to resist large-scale inva-
sion of Luzon, while japanese domi-
nation of sea and air precluded his
receiving reinforcements or supplies.
He was therefore constrained to fight
delaying actions while concentrating
his forces for last-ditch defense of
Bataan Peninsula and the Island of
Corregidor. In Malaga and Burma,
the British were inadequately pre-
pared and unskillfully handled to
boot. The Dutch Indies could offer
only brave token defense, while the
Pacific islands could make no de-
fense at all except for the suicide
stand of our Marines on Wake. The
tempo of Japanese successes was due
chiefly to specially trained, Jungle
wise infantry. Their artillery and
tanks did not stand out technically
to the same degree, and neither arm
of the service seems today to be on
a par with either their American or
British counterparts. The recent
Leyte campaign was won by the
Americans against terrific handicaps
while inflicting exorbitant losses on
the Japanese. Now battles impend
where our mechanical war machine
can operate at maximum efficiency
in dry weather over concrete high
ways and with air and sea mastery.
A showdown test of japanese mill
tary capacity is at hand.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The Russian steamroller continues to
drive back the Germans with increas-
Ing power. A week has passed since the
start Of the Russian offensive and the
enemy has yet to show its first serious
reaction.
From the ofiicial German communi-
ques and the broadcaSts of Goebbels'
commentators, 1t appears that a feel
ing Of hopelessness prevails among the
spokesmen Of the German high COM
mand and of the Propaganda Ministry.
Trained observers lack the necessary
data to reach definite conclusion as
to whether the Wehrmacht is about
spent or whether the depressed tone of
the Germans is another piece Of propa-
ganda intended to strengthen further
the home front by stressing the grave
danger to the fatherland.
The Russians are advancing so rapidly
that they appear unopposed, although
1t Is known that the enemy still has
more than 1,500, 900 men on the eastern
front. The Germans are offering no
more than a nominal resistance. Re-
ports received earlier in the week, based
mostly on speculation, said the Russian
mass attack had been expected by the
enemy high command, which had with
drawn its main forces to the rear. The
fact that the Red Army found no Ger
mans in Warsaw at least partially con-
firms this speculation.
Unless the German high command
has decided 1t would be useless to resist
the Russian onslaught and might as
we'll give up, strong enemy reaction
against the Red advance must be ex-
pected In the next few weeks. German
resistance will be stiffened at certain
important points, and counteroffen-
slve will be launched The result will
decide whether the war will end before
summer.
+
The theory expressed by many that
the German high command and the
armies under its order may have lost
heart and decided that it would be futile
to continue to war is not Endorsed by
any Of the American military men who
are in a position to know what is hap
pening inside the Reich. Reliable re-
ports indicate the German people firmly
believe that the end of the war will mean
for them only perpetual slavery with
large number of them purged, millions
sent into slavery and the rest of the
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Whitney wing for modern art will
constitute the fifth.

Whitney wing for modern art will
constitute the fifth.
Each entity Is to be complete in
itself" and separate entrances and
redistribution Of the existing ap-
proaches" are intended to enable a
visitor to choose which exhibition he
wishes to see without feeling the
compulsion" to inspect everything
available "at one time" The Louvre
in Paris admittedly is the ideal of
the Metropolitan trustees But their
plans likewise bear a certain obvious
resemblance to that of the British
Museum in London-an integrated
group of buildings which, damaged
by six Nazi blockbusters and in
Vulnerable smaller missiles, neces-
sarily will have to be rebuilt after
victory has been won.
The different and perhaps prefer
able plan for the development of the
Smithsonian Institution in Wash
ington similarly awaits the end of
the war. Here it has been thought
wise to have each building dis
tinctly separate unit, surrounded by
its own landscaping. The so-called
Smithsonian Building was the work
of James Renwick and dates from
1852. Adjacent to it on the east
stands the Arts and Industries
Building, which was opened in 1881
and cost about six cents a cubic
foot-"cheap but ugly" The Freer
Gallery to the west is copied from
an early Renaissance palazzino of
Florence and has been in use since
1928. Nothing need be said in this
connection about the National Gal
lery except that it always should be
protected against the danger of un-
worthy Observation-Disclosures so vio-
lently in contrast to it that they
might represent an affront.
The Natural History Building of
the Smithsonian, labeled United
States National Museum, was well in
advance of prevailing standards in
museum construction when it was
completed in 1910, but there has
been much progress since then
which, of course, should be reflected
in the creation Of supplementary
edif1ces What most are wanted are
buildings to be devoted to American
history, mechanical science and the
pictures accumulated over many
years in the National Collection of
Art.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Quotes the Classics

To the Editor of The Star:
Aristotle wrote: "The tyrant who inn
poverishes the citizens is obliged to make
war in order to keep his subjects occu-
pied and impose upon them the perma-
nent need of chief" Again Dryden
wrote: "Such subtle covenants shall
be made, til peace, itself, is war in
masquerade" And still another writer
has penned these words: when q
nation commences to die, political pres
tige is the reward, not of the shrewdest
diagnostician, but Of the man with the
best bedside manner It is the decora-
ton conferred on mediocracy by ig-
norance."
No comment is necessary, for these
words are self-explanatory to those who
will read them and think over their
import. C. j. SEIBERT.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Trouble at NlRB

AS is usually the case with intra-
agency conflicts, it is difficult to
evaluate the respective claims aris-
ing out of the controversy which
seems to have produced serious
split in the top personnel levels of
the National Labor Relations Board
There is no difficulty. however. in
concluding that the dispute is in
dicative of a condition within that
important agency which is thor
oughly undesirable.
Chairman Harry A. Mills, support
ed by John M. Houston, one of his
associates. has undertaken to GUST
the boards New York regional direc-
tor, Charles T. Douds. The third
member of the board, Gerald D.
Reilly, has opposed this action.
Chairman Mills. apparently with
out obtaining authorization of the
board. issued a statement Tuesday
which was highly critical of Mr..
Douds. Presumably he had Mr..
Houston's support. although the lat
ter did not sign the statement.
The Mills statement is not i'm
pressive. Mr.. Douds is accused in
rather intemperate language of en-
gaging in such things as a "tub
humping campaign" but this ap-
pears to be an expression of the
chairman's opinion rather than a
formal accusation based on evidence.
The regional director is specifically
accused. however. of having demon
strated a "lack of fitness and ca
pacity to supervise and direct the
work of the staff of his Office" ard
with being responsible for "bad
working morale" among the en-
ployes of the office
Mr.. Reilly does not share this
view, and has stated publicly that
the record of Mr.. Douds' New York
office "is one of the best of the re-
gional Offices in the country" The
same opinion has been expressed by
military officials in the New York
area, who are charged with super
vising labor relations and whose sole
interest is to avoid interruptions to
war production. Furthermore, both
President Green of the American
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Quondory

Dark earth under; ouer all the night, 81
Spangled Dith glory, milky phite ioith
light,
And man, upon a road ,ohich leads one
l11y
Beyond the shine of stars: the flare OF
day.
Planet, spiraling through space and
time, >
And man. pulse beat in the alternate
OF al,0ays. Whittier is the Traveller
bound
Who speaks and girdles globdl earth
NTH sound?
Who is this transient, conquerine =trigtd
space
With mind imposed on matter: setting
his face
Toward greater attitudes? Who Is this
mote
With song and Uords and laughter in
his throat?
HARRY ELMoRE HURD. -4
Evening star., 1945-01-19

The reports OF Army psychological
warfare investigators on the state of
mind Of ordinary Germans bear out my
own impression of the Nazi "revolu-
tion," acquired on the spot when it
occurred. Years ago described it in an
article In Foreign Affairs" My i'm
preston was of the occupation Of Ger
many by an alien horde. Of course,
it was not alien A strata of German
life, largely confined to a certain age
group, had taken over and erased the
normal life Of the country. The attitude
of most people was that of surprised
bystanders at the funeral of their own
society. In wide circles the Nazi rising
was regarded almost as natural phe-
nomenon, like an earthquake, outside
the control of human will.
The regime tried to win over the rest
of the people by terror and persuasion.
1t succeeded at various times, and in
varying degrees, but never completely.
In the Soviet revolution, the regime
ruthlessly liquidated its real or poten-
tial enemies, by wiping out the upper
and middle classes
But the reverse was not possible for
the Nazis. The strongest opposition was
in the working classes. But the Nazis,
could not nquidate them and run an
economy. Their prosecutions therefore
had to be directed at Jews and individ-
uals, in all classes. They succeeded In
destroying all opposition leadership and
organization. But they could not re-
move potential or latent opposition.
The individual protected himself by
hiding his thoughts and outwardly con-
forming. The result was eventually to
deaden political thought, for thought
that finds no expression expires.
Therefore, once the Gestapo-SS
terror machine-and Nazi bureaucracy
are hquidated, political vacuum will
remain, as far as younger groups are
concerned: an incoherent remembrance
of another era in the minds of older
Germans and strong Nazi remnant
in the 20-40 age group.
Among the non-Nazi but nonpolitical
Germans our problem will be the crea-
ton Of new confidence around a new
idea. 1t will not be a problem Of
punishment" but of creating new
mentality, outlook. hope and faith in a
resigned and exhausted people. Punish
ment except of specific persons and
groups is meaningless to a nation that
has six to seven million dead, millions
of crippled, ruined cities and a lost
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Nazi Propaganda Line
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

There are some indications that Field
Marshal Won Rundstedt having failed to
achieve his objectives in the battle of the
Ardennes, is seeking prestige" victory
by trying to recapture Strasbourg This is
not because Strasbourg is a military OBJ
jective of any great strategical i'm
portance. It is rather to have something
to show to the German people by way of
definite accomplishment after all the
glittering hopes that were held out to
them of what this great western offen-
sive was going to do.
No doubt part of this scheme is to
take some of the first troops extracted
from the bulge-which would be good
troops, the SIS outfits which always come
out of bad situation first, leaving the
poor old Volksgrenadier outfits to die in
order to cover the retreat of their betters
just as the Italians used to do-and run
them round by Coblentz and Karlsruhe
to the Strasbourg sector. BY this means
the Germans might be able to produce
temporary superiority on that part of
the front.
Certainly they do seem to have been
able to reinforce their bridgehead north
Of Strasbourg and to expand it consider
ably by ferrying troops across the Rhine
at night or whenever bad weather en-
ables them to escape the attentions of
our fighter-bombers Also they have
pushed northward somewhat from the
Colmar pocket, to which they have held
SO tenaciously ever since the capture Of
Strasbourg and Mulhouse brought the
Allied forces to the Rhine on either side
of the pocket.
So far as is known no troops which
have been engaged in the Ardennes
battle have as yet arrived on the Al
SAGE front, though the 9Th SIS Noun
tain Division from Finland has made
its appearance there. 1t is, however,
quite possible that German strength
on both sides of Strasbourg will be in
creased The Germans may have some
what shorter lines of movement than do
the Allies in seeking to reinforce Stras-
bourg; it is about $50 miles by rail from
Prum via Coblentz to Strasbourg, where
as from (et us say Ltege to Strasbourg
via Namur, Charleroi and Metz is about
100 miles farther. OF course II the Sd
Army could spare troops for the purpose
(Which is doubtfuD the run from Lux
embourg to Strasboure Is only 1877 miles
But regardless Of our ability directly
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Saving Lives
From the St Louis post-pispatch.

from tne 81 LOUIS Post-D1spatch.
Defeating Japan is still colossal job.
The ability to bomb Jap home industry
will not lessen the total burden of that
task. but it does and will mean large
scale substitution of explosives, steel and
gasoline for the lives of fighting men.
Use of heavy bombing means that many
that the lives given In the laborious
island campaign were devoted to thor
oughly rational purpose that they Will
save other lives tenfold.