davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
The AP Suspension

1t is regrettable that this war with
Germany, whose origin may be
traced in large part to suppression
of news by dictatoriaf governments,
has ended in an atmosphere of high
handed military censorship.
For nearly seven hours yesterday
the Associated Press was forbidden
by supreme Allied headquarters to
file any dispatches from the Euro
pean theater of war. The alleged
offense of the APP was that it's
chief European war correspondent,
Edward Kennedy, had filed an
accurate report of Germany's un
conditional surrender. This dispatch
was not received until an hour after
the Germans themselves had off,
cially announced the surrender.
There has been no claim that any
breach of security was involved.
Apparently, the only "offense" was
that an entefprising reporter upset
the plans of Allied officials who, for
some unexplained reason, wanted to
: withhold the news that the war in
Europe had been won-not by few
officials, but by the common effort
and common sacrifice of millions of
people throughout the world.
That the suspension of the general
APP filing privileges was unjustified
is indicated by the fact that the
ban was lifted, except as it applies
to Mr.. Kennedy, before the day was
over. This does not alter the fact,
however, that some one at Allied
headquarters has gone beyond the
legitimate function of safeguarding
military security, and has attempted
to prevent the publication of news
which, the public was entitled to
receive promptly. 1t may be, as
one correspondent has reported,
that Marshal Stain was not ready
to make the joint announcement of
We day which had been planned.
But that, in the absence of legiti-
mate considerations of military
security, does not justify Allied
headquarters in trying to bottle up
news of world Importance, or in
disciplining a reporter and a news
agency which "broke" the story.
If the peace which has been won
by so much suffering is to be main
tanned there must be. in the future,
a new freedom to report facts. There
will always be some one to challenge
this freedom, and it will not exist
throughout the world in any real
sense unless those who believe in it
are prepared to insist upon it. That
is what Mr. Kennedy has done in
this instance. and he is to be COM
mended for it,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

he and Sidney Hillman his right-hand
man and head of the PAC, are support
ing to the limit
He declared that the sole reference
to any labor representation in the
United Nations organization is found in
the State Departments suggestion that
the lilo be attached to the economic
and social council This" said Mr.
Murray, lis entirely unsatisfactory. Ell
fective and full participation by labor
in the activities of the international Sc
curity organization, including the eco
nomic and social council. Is imperative
This can be done only through direct
representation of the World Fedora ton
of Trade Unions in consultative ca
pacity."
Mr.. Murray claims that the World
Trade Union Conference represents over
$4,000 900 workers throughout the world.
Mr.. Green claims $4,000, 900 workers in
the ILO. This conference, Mr.. Murray
said, will set up the new international
labor organization at meeting in Sep
TENDER in Paris.
How the United Nations Conference
will finally deal with this row between
two great labor groups in this country
remains to be seen.
Russian Foreign Commissar Molotov
several days ago proposed that an invi-
tation be extended to the Murray Hill
man international group. meeting in
Oakland. just across the bay, to attend
the conference as advisers. He made
the proposal in the Steering Commit
tee. composed of the heads of the dele
cations. 1t was Immediately resisted,
and, realizing that he could not get IA
vorable action, he did not press it. The
American delegation and the Latin
American delegations were opposed. The
argument was made that the new Or
ganization, In the first place, has not
been perfected, and, in the second, it
has no such governmental status,
through financial support, as has the
lilo.
Obviously, up to date at this United
Nations Conference not everything is
being cleared through Sidney" It will
be interesting to see how this intra-
labor war works out in the San Fran
cisco Conference-if 1t does work out.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08

accept that organization as the rep
resentative government Of the Reich.
The German resistance, west Of the
Elbe River. has ceased altogether There
is not even the danger of German
underground opposition in that area.
The defeat of Germany is so utterly
complete that even some of the ferocious
Nazis no longer desire to fight as guer-
rillas. They are reported to have re-
signed themselves to their fate. Leaders
of the Gestapo and SIS forces are now
suicides. The others hope to escape
with mere prison sentence by claim
ing that they have merely obeyed orders.
But frictionS-much more serious than
at the end of the last war-are looming
in the background of the German de-
feat. The Allies are nowhere near as
much of an entity as they were in No.
vember, 1918, when troops representing
all the nations which had downed the
Central Powers occupied the liberated
countries together. A system of water
tight compartments has been organized
between the east and the west. The
Russian armies and their Romanian,
Bulgarian, Yugoslav and other satellites
have completely closed the doors to the
western forces in areas where they are
in control.
American and British military and
diplomatic representatives are in some
of the capitals of these countries but
they are not permitted to participate
in the. actual political and military
control. Vienna, for instance, which
under the Yalta agreements should have
been divided into three or four zones
with American, British and French
forces working together with the Rus
slams, is still closed to the western
Allies. A government was established in
the Austrian capital by the Russian
commander but it is not being recog-
niZed by Washington, London and Paris
because they had not been consulted
before that government" was set up.
CZechoslovakia has been liberated and
Premier Benes with a newly formed
cabinet has already arrived in the tenn
porary capital of the republic. But
neither the American nor British Am
bassadors can obtain visas from the
Russian military commanders to join
the posts to which they have been &C
credited. In the other liberated Balkan
states the American and British mill
tary and political representatives are
confined to the limits of the capitals
and are not allowed to mingle with the
natives.
This, it is hoped, is only temporary
situation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
Three Other Wars

The Star, established in 1852. has
chronicled the ending of each of four
major wars in which the United
States has been involved. First of
the series was the conflict between
the North and the South, which
closed only when President Andrew
Johnson declared the termination of
"the instruction" which had ex-
isted' in the State of Texas, August
20, 1866. I'm consequence of this &C
ton" an editorial announced, order,
tranquility and civil authority" pre-
vailed throughout the entire Nation.
No public celebration of the event
appears to have been considered.
The moment for rejoicing had been
when General Robert E. Lee sur
rendered at Appomatox Court House,
April 9, 1865. A news story headed
More Enthusiasm" in the paper for
the following day recounted how a
procession marched to the White
House to serenade President Abra-
ham Lincoln. The Emancipation,
fated to die at the hand of an as
SaSsin within week, requested the
band to play Dixie" and it i'm
mediately complied amid the cheers
of the crowd"
In the case of the war with Spain
the official conclusion of the contest
did not come until April IL, 1899,
when "a mere exchange of ratifica-
tions" of the Treaty of Paris was
staged at the White House. "An en-
crossed copy" was handed to Presi-
dent Mckinley by Ambassador Cam
bon of France, acting for Spain.
Mr.. Mckinley then gave the envoy
a copy to be forwarded to Madrid
for the royal archives there. The
Star chronicle of the proceedings in
dictated no jubilation in the streets.
Whatever rejoicing over the defeat
of the Spanish had been felt by
residents of Washington probably
was expressed most fully on May /,
1898, when tidings of the destruction
Of the enemy's feet at Manila by
Admiral George Dewey were re-
ceived. People had celebrated with
a certain contagious but not very
durable enthusiasm what was de-
scribed as ''the triumph of America"
The First World War, like the sec
ond $50 far as its European aspect
is concerneO, closed in confusion.
One report of the signing of an
armistice with Germany was pub
lished on November and, though
false, stimulated tremendous out
burst of popular feeling. The formal
end Of the strife, however, was not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
Prof. Hayek's Book Approved

Prof. Hayek's Book Approved
To the Editor of The Star
Lowell Mellett's comments on the book
by Friedrich A. Hayek. THE Road to
Serfdom," are what might be expected
from him. He has offered no adequate
answer to the argument of the book,
save for surface sneering, quibbling
about the word planning" and nasty
innuendos concerning Mr.. Hayeks ma
tional origins, and his reclamation In
"reactionary" publica tons.
But the University of Chicago is not
exactly a reactionary institution, and
its selection of this book for publication
now in its seventh printing! is
tribute to its high intellectual quality
Professor Hayek is an economist of
great ability and responsibility He has
no connection with any special pressure
group. His book is one of the most
severely logical presentations of the is
sue of freedom versus security ever
published. The New York Times, in a
jor review, called it: "One of the
most important books OF our genera
ton" Those who have read the book
thoroughly and without prejudice have
found the reading a genuinely stimulate
ing experience. ALFRED 6. LYONS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08

SAN FRANCISCO, May S.-Organized
labor in this country. through represent
atives of the American Federation OF
Labor, the CLIO and the railroad BROTH
erhoods, have laid before the American
delegation to the United Nations Con-
ference their proposals for the new in
ternational organization for peace.
All three are united in demands for
full recognition OF labor in the organi-
zation's councils, and particularly in the
economic and social commission which
is to be set up as one of the principal
agencies of the organizations
Wide differences, however, Immediate
ly arose over this question between the
AFL and the CLIO. William Green. ALL
president, in his statement to the Amer
lean delegation said:
1--WE strongly urge that the Interna-
tional Labor Organization "a body
which has functioned for years and in
close connection with the old League
of Nations) be included definitely as an
agent of the United Nations organiza-
ton. We feel that workers all over the
world are concerned in this matter and
are more than anxious that the record
of constructive achievement made by
the ILO be expanded and continued"
Philip Murray, CLIO president, will
have none of the lilo. He wants the
World Federation of Trade Unions, now
in the process of organization, woven
into the international organiza tons
councils. He is utterly opposed to the
LILO as labor's representative in the Or
ganization.
The American Federation of Labor,
however, has declined fatty to have
anything to do with the new interna-
tional labor organization, which was
launched at meeting in London last
February and whose Administrative
Committee has been meeting in Oak
land, Calf, during the present United
Nations Conference. The ALL particu-
larly attacked the new organization be-
cause of its inclusion Of Communist la
Dor organizations from Russia, also its
strong backing by the CLIO.
Mr.. Murray took rap at the lilo in
his address to the American delegation
and strongly urged that recognition be
given to the new organization, which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,pn

The war in Europe has ended igno-
miniously for the Germans. All their
political leaders who once struck terror
in millions of hearts have disappeared.
They are either suicides or are hiding
in some remote corners OF Europe and
will have to be hauled out like any
ordinary criminal and lawbreaker.
The generals who at one time were
the conquerors of Europe are rushing,
as fast as means of transportation per-
nit, to give themselves up to the Amer
leans and the British, and do not hesi-
tate, when necessary, to forget their
dignity and swim a river or hike for
miles In order to surrender their swords.
There has been wild stampede by men
OF the Wehrmacht to reach the Amer
ican-British lines where they feel GER
tain they can find food and particularly
the safety assured to all fighting armies
by the international conventions. Some
100000 Germans are expected to be
gathered in the western prisoner cages.
There is no real government in Ger
many with which the Allies can discuss
armist1ce or peace terms. Admiral
Doenitz is mere commander in chief
who claims to have been empowered by
Hitler to take over. But there has been
no offlcial proclamation from the for
mer head of the German state to that
effect. Neither does the admiral seem
to have any definite proof to entitle
him to claim the succession to Hitler
lawfully. All he can do is bring about
an unconditional surrender of the forces
which are only too glad to give up.
Under these circumstances, Germanys
fighting forces feel secure in the thought
that they will remain prisoners in the
western camps until an armistice with
representative German government is
signed. And it may take many months
before this can be done. The Allies have
no idea yet as to how they will handle
the former Reich politically. The only
organization which exists today is the
military governments composed of Allied
of1cers to supervise the occupied areas.
The Russians have ready made gov
eminent on hand. 1t is composed of a
mixture of Junkers and Communists
who are known as the Free Germany
Committee and was organized in 1943
in Moscow. This heterogeneous outfit
might be placed as a government in the
areas designated at Teheran and Yalta
as the Russian zone of occupation. Mar
shall Stain can do anything he pleases
in those sections of Germany, but there
Is not the slightest likelihood that either
the United States or Great Britain will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
Letters to The Star
Wants Anglo.American Treaty
As Contribution to Peace
To the Editor of The star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
In this tough world, nothing else so
effectively prevents trouble from start
ing as does letting others know your
strength. Had the fundamental one
ness of democratic Britain and Amer
lea only been written into a mutual
aid treaty for all to see, both of these
worst wars in history easily might have
been avoided.
Against Britain and America, with
unseen unity made visible in a mutual
aid treaty, the Kaiser never would have
struck. Nor would crafty Hitler, whose
striking gave Japan her golden oppor-
tunity" to strike, also. Even If these
aggressors, through some unlikely mad
ness, had struck anyhow, it takes little
imagination to see that, with America
in the war from the first day, victory
would have come to freedom, immeas-
urably sooner.
Those who always have said, Brit
ish-American ties are SO many, and SO
great, that the hour Of dire peril will
find them fighting side by side" have
been proved correct. But when they
add that such numerous and great ties
have no need to be written into any
mutual aid pact, they are disastrously
incorrect. For, aggressors like them
selves too well to hurt themselves fight
ing over mere "principles!" Nor do they
fight for mere love of fighting-and
being defeated! They fight only when
the chances seem to them worthwhile.
Make the united front against them
look sufficiently strong, and they will
calculate that the chances are not
worth taking.
Now, the coming World Peace Or
ganization may we'll increase the years
of peace on earth But If we wish to
be as realistic as Russia (Which Is
losing no time in making treaty after
treaty., can we do less than make
that most dependable Of all possible
treaties-one which would double the
effective strength of both Britain and
America, thereby doubling the con-
tribution of each to the world peace
organization-which must depend for
its strength upon the strength of its
dependable members?
BOILING SOMERVILLE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08

us an offer of negotiated peace, but the
answer will be resounding mo" That
lesson, too, we have learned, and paid
a price to learn it. We negotiated a
peace with an unhurt Germany in 1918,
and we had to fight Germany again only
a quarter Of a century later. We shall
negotiate no peace with an unhurt
Japan now. We shall impose our peace
on Japan as We have imposed it on
Germany. There will be no bargains
with criminals.
For the rest, we are so organizing the
world that in future such criminal en-
terprises as the Germans and Japanese
attempted against the rights and liber-
ties of all mankind will be forever i'm
possible. 1t is significant that here in
San Francisco the news Of German sur
render produced no slackening in the
work of the United Nations Conference.
The committee meetings planned for
the morning of this long-awaited We
day went on their scheduled course.
One job has been done, and we'll
done. Germany has surrendered The
terror that has hung over the peoples Of
Europe and of the world Is gone. We
no longer tremble at the raucous shrieks
of the mailman Hitler, threatening new
horrors over the radio, executing even
worse horrors than he threatened across
the face of continent. We know the
German for what he is; we shall not
forget. We are learning, too, the sort
Of enemy We face in the Far East; We
have seen some of his handiwork; and
that also we shall not forget.
But we know above all, the terrible
power Of the instruments which science
has given to mankind for self-destruc-
ton. Our enemies did not, in Gods
mercy, have the opportunity to use
these instruments to their full extent in
this war, but they will afford fresh OPP
portunities to other madmen in the days
to come If the law-abiding majority OF
us do not find a means to restrain their
use.
1t Is to find such means that the
delegates of 48 nations are gathered
here in San Francisco on this day Of
German surrender, and 1t is because they
recognize the supreme urgency OF their
task that they have not even an hour
to spare for rejoicing in the victory that
it has cost their countrymen 50 much
to win.
tcopyrieht le4BJ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
Bitter Lesson Learned
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, May s-Germany
surrenders-again.
The word to remember in that state
ment is-"again." Twice within the
lifetime of millions of men and women
now living, 1t has taken years Of bloody
fighting, the united efforts of the free
peoples of the world in arms to beat
Germany to it's knees, to defeat Ger
man attempt to enslave the rest of us.
Twice within hardly more than quar-
ter of a century, it has been only at the
cost of millions of lives and of untold
suffering that it has been possible for
freedom to survive German onslaught
directed toward the domination of the
world.
There is lesson here written so plain
in letters of blood and fire that child
might read and understand it. There
must be no more "agains." The world
cannot afford to relearn this lesson at
such a price.
The surrender which was accom-
plished in the railway car of Compiegne
is different from the surrender of today.
Then there was a responsible German
government. ruling over Germany
relatively untouched by war. Now there
is no German government, and Ger
many is a shambles. 1t is we'll that it
is so, for it may be that the German
people, too, have learned lesson bought
at bitter cost. 1t is one of our tasks for
the future to make sure that they do
not forget it, and that no one distorts
its meaning for them.
Il +
Nor must we forget for single mo-
ment that Germany is not the only
enemy with whom we have to deal.
There remains Japan, still truculent,
still relatively unhurt, and perhaps hop
ing that in our rejoicing over the sur
render of Germany we shall be fools
enough to let the japanese war lords
escape with something less. than the
unconditional surrender to which we
have compelled the Germans to submit
We shall not be such fools as that, OF
course. We shall not so betray the dead
who have given their last full measure
of devotion that we might move our
power across the vast reaches of the
Pacific to the threshold OF Japan's
savage empire, where we now stand
ready to deliver in ever increasing
measure the decisive blows that will
bring Japanese surrender to pass.
The Japanese viii almost surely make
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
SUGGESTS Roosevelt Dime
To the Editor OF The Star

TO the Editor OF The Star:
In honor of our late President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt, I would like to see
his portrait profile on dime, instead
of the Liberty head that We now use.
AS we all know, Mr. Roosevelt's BIRTH
day in the past has been celebrated by
the March of Dimes. Inasmuch as he
gave the last II years of his life to
our country, believe the people of the
United States would like in this way
to remember the late President that
did so much for our children and the
health of our Nation, in order that
way, our people would not forget this
great man and his birthday.
JOHNNIE L. SHANKS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-08
Beam and Mote Again

To the Editor OF The Star:
In a recent statement, Julius Ochs
Adler, general manager of the New
York Times. said that Sergt. William
Sandlin of Manchester KY, had told
him that "all male Germans must be
killed"
Well, now, If we should follow Sergt.
Sandlin's proposal, would we not be
guilty of some kind of atrocity our
selves? Or are the Germans the only
people who are to be considered as
atrocious in numbering helpless cap
tives, which certainly is what those
Germans, who have surrendered to AL
lied forces, are?
AS see it, the greatest advice ever
given to mankind toward the promotion
OF universal peace is: First cast out the
beam out of thine own eye; and then
shalt thou see clearly to cast out the
mote out of thy brothers eye
j. ]. SPERRY.