davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-15
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The announced agreements, coming
from the Big Three conference in the
Crimea, have given the American peo-
pie great lift. The action agreed
upon, plus the principles which are to
guide the action, answers in major part
the constantly reiterated question Of
recent months: What are we fighting
for7" Further. these agreements DEM
onstrate the ability OF the three great
powers-the United States. Great Brit
ain and Soviet Russia-to deal with
each other in an effective manner. They
give promise that, once the war is won
in Europe, the victors win not immedi-
ately fall out because OF their own par
ticular ambitions. They give promise
Of future peace.
A reading of the complete text of
the statement issued in the names Of
President Roosevelt, Prime Minister
Churchill and Marshal Stain shows
how far the Big Three went along the
lines suggested by Senator vandenberg
Of Michigan, Repubiican member Of the
Foreign Relations Committee. in his ad-
dress to the Senate early in the winter.
Mr.. Vandenberg has been selected to be
. delegate at the coming San Francisco
conference. First, the agreements call
for absolute demilitarization of Ger
many-with the three powers each oc-
ruuying part Of Germany. The VAN
denherg- recommendation was for an
immediate treaty calling for the perma-
nent demilitarization Of Germany and
Japan. No mention was made Of Japan
in the statement from Yalta, where the
conferees met. 1t may be surmised,
however, that this does not mean the
Big Three failed to discuss the war in
the East as well rs in Europe, and the
steps which are to be taken, first to win
that war, and then for peace. Russia
Is not at present at war with Japan
Her treaty Of nonaggression with Japan,
however. will be formally in effect only
until April. 1916. II either party de-
nounces 1t in April OF this year.
Second, Vandenberg's insistence on
speedy action to implement the Dunn
barton Oaks agreement for an interna-
tional organization for the maintenance
Of peace in the future is met with =
decision to call q United Nations con-
ference In San Francisco, beginning
April IS, to put that organization into
effective form.
Third, the strong statements made by
the Big Three that the principles Of
the Atlantic Charter are to be lived up
to and that the liberated countries are
Evening star., 1945-02-15
Congress Invited to "Step"


To the Editor Of The Star:
would like to ask the readers Of
your paper what has become OF that
big fiery old-time American who had
the nerve to defy a few calamity howl
ers and political bosses to get things
done when an emergency arose.
Now our boys are bleeding and dying
by the thousands on the many different
battlefelds while our Congress here at
home seems to have forgotten about
the manpower shortage and other Inn
portant legislation and its members are
going around and around like . bunch
OF cats chasing their tails, screaming
and scratching.
Come now, you big 100 per cent Amer
leans that have got what it takes and
are not afraid Of your own shadows!
Step out in front and win the everlast-
ing gratitude of the American public.
Just what are you waiting for7
ID. c. COON.
Evening star., 1945-02-15
Rare Condolences

To the Editor Of The Star:
In checking up on movable feasts Of
the Roman Catholic Church, find
that Lent starts on February a; 1s45,
the day known as Ash Wednesday. also
Saint Valentines Day. Easter Sunday
falls on April 1, 1s45. also April Fools
Day. This likewise occurred in 1884
But going further hack IN the Chnrch's
movable feasts, I and that this has oc-
CURED only ty1ce In the past 90 years.
GAIT. 7. ~. MeDoleAID {Rst.l
Evening star., 1945-02-15

the pledge is fulfilled. Looked at in
any light, as 4 safeguard against
diyisive unilateral action and as =
measure designed to promote in
creasing cooperation and under
standing, this is = significant and
welcome development.
Evening star., 1945-02-15

open for Russian advances either
farther up the Danube toward Ba-
varia or northward toward the heart
Of Czechoslovalkia The breaking
down Of Germany's southeastern
portal is proceeding. but it is not an
easy task and will presumably take
q considerable time.
Evening star., 1945-02-15
A Proper Decision

Major General Myron G. Craner,
judge advocate general OF the Army,
has shown excellent judgment in
reducing to hve years imprisonment
the sentence imposed on Private
Henry Weber for refusing to drill.
There are not many extenuating
circumstances in Weber's case. He
probably is conscientious objector
of sort, his story being that he was
willing to serve in the Army in any
capacity that did not involve the
killing Of human being. This was
his seconds offense of refusing to
drill. however, six-month prison
penalty having been imposed In the
first instance, and it is certainly true
that the refusal of soldier to obey
orders, especially in time Of war. Is
no trivial offense.
Nevertheless, the handling Of Web
er's case after his court-martial was
wholly unreasonable. He was first
sentenced to be hanged. Later on
this was commuted to life imprison-
ment at hard labor. and then to
twenty years in prison. The severity
of all of these sentences, considering
the circumstances surrounding his
offense, was inconsistent with a
sense of justice. and the modifica-
ton which has been ordered by the
judge advocate general will be gen.
orally approved.
After the First World War many
hagrant abuses by courts-martial
were brought to light through the
efforts of General Samuel T. Ansell,
who served as acting Judge advocate
general during that conflict, and
the late Representative Royal G.
Johnson. It is highly desirable that
there should be no repetition Of
those abuses during this war.
Evening star., 1945-02-15

II all the cigarette selling ma
chimes were placed side by side
today. they would form an unvend-
ing line.
Evening star., 1945-02-15

Now that all women and girls have
been drafted in Germany, perhaps
the induction of Frank Sinatra into
the Army might pave the way to
quick Nazi surrender.
Evening star., 1945-02-15

Memorandum to those Japanese
warriors who witnessed the entry
OF Yanks into Manila: Boys, you just
haven't seen anything yet. Wait
till Tokyo.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Natl Assn
Continued from page II

Grams a great success is already be-
ing predicted for the Association.
The purpose of the organization
as stated in it's charter of incor-
poration is: To bring together Ne
gro War Veterans, for the purpose
of keeping alive the memories, as
ISOLATION and spirit of comrade-
ship incident to their service IN the
World War, for their mutual help
and protection, and for service to
all humanity.
To engage in such social, frater-
nal, religious, educational, civic. fl
nancial and other benevolent ac-
tivities for the promotion of their
own happiness ana welfare, and for
the welfare of others, as may be
consistent with the bylaws and the
laws of the land.
To establish state or district units
of the National Organization under
such rules and regulations as may
be subscribed by the bylaws.
To collect an entrance fee for
membership, and periodic fees or
dues from its members, for the pur-
pose of defraying the expense OF
the organization and all of its units
as provided by the bylaws.
In speaking of the plans OF the
organization, Percy Greene, the ma
tional adjutant. and original found
er of the association, stated that its
most important purpose would be
as soon as possible to organize
chapter in every community, par
ticularly in the Deep South, in the
states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Ala
bama, Georgia, Florida, Arkansas,
Texas and other Southern States
where Negro veterans are not be-
ing admitted into other veterans
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22

that It was carried through. Al
the same time the officials Of
the Olympia took sides with them
because the committee had post
ed the necessary $4,000 for the
use of the place.
When asked If the chamber OF
commerce or the city convention
bureau had offered any help OF
had any say in the coming OF
the convention, Rev. Bruce said
they had refused to help because
they knew it would be contrary
to the rulings of the ODT. While
Rev. Bruce was not the head Of
the convention committee he was
one of the prime movers and
worked closely with DR.. 7. S
Boone, the chairman, and it was
he who did most Of the talking
when DR.. Boone sent the CORES
pondent to get information con
corning controversy which arose
between the officers of the n.
A. A. V. P. and the convention
committee.
Mayor Jeffries overstepped his
bounds when he promised the
committee, according to Rev.
Bruce, to furnish special city
buses to transport the delegates
to and fro in the city if their
own transportation arranged by
the committee was inadequate
Jeffries went further, according
to the informant and promised to
use his influence in seeing t.
Negroes being housed in white
hotels if the Negro homes could
not accommodate the visitors.
Whether or not-the leaders OF
the 12O churches comprising the
hosts to the convention swallowed
all this baloney and will try to
sell Jeffries to their congregations
can not, of course, be determined.
Dr.. Bruce VOWS that he is not q
Jeffries man. While the conven-
ton was in session Jeffries had
his man Joseph Coles, whom he
has recently appointed to the
mayors inter-racial committee as
a political gesture, call the con-
vention committee to ask if there
was anything the administration
could do for them. They i'm
mediately asked for red meat
points in order to help out the
restaurants in the neighborhoods
and the churches where delegates
were being fed. Whether or not
the meat points were Forthcoming
was not stated.
The plans on the part of the
mayor and his campaigners wero
evidently we'll laid and they lef'
nothing hndone in an effort to
have Jeffries fixed in the minds
of the churchmen as the election
approaches. A scout car was as
signed to the treasurer Of thu
convention which conveyed hiri
back and forth from convention
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22

headquarters with the churches
money to his place Of abode, in
the home Of Rev. Bruce. This
car was trailed by still another
scout car as an escort.
It Is being said here now that
all this will of necessity bring up
a new angle in the campaigning
of the opposing candidate for
mayor, Richart T. Franksteen, n
order to offset the gains made
by Jeffries, the UAW candidate,
with whom most of the Negro
voters are aligned, first because
they want a change and second
because the Rev. Charles 7. Hill,
rastor Hartford Avenue Baptist
church and chairman of the citi-
zens committee. a Negro is on the
ticket with Frankensteen running
for the common council. They are
backed solidly by the JAW Po'
litical Action committee.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Truman Names

ManpoWer Commission and the
United States Employment Service
are transferred by executive order
to the Department of Labor Ask
ed whether the transfer Of labor
functions to the department in
Guided the FTPC, the President
said he had done nothing about
that yet.
"a He announced the transfer
of the Office of Economic stabii-
cation to the Office of War Mobi-
cation and reconversion.
He also revealed acceptance by
Justice Roberts of Craftsmanship of
a commission to award medals for
merit to civilians. He. signed the
act providing for a single admin
strator for surplus property and
the appointment of Stuart Syming-
ton to be administrator. The con-
ference, SO chock full of news
lasted less than Is minutes.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
organizations on a basis of equan-

organizations on a basis OF equah7
ty.
The next most important STEP
said the national adjutant, will De
to have the local chapters select
the best qualified individual among
them as a service officer and pro-
vide him with the means and OPP
portunity to learn everything about
the CT Bill, compensation, rehabil-
itation, disqualification and other
benefits so that in every commune
ty veterans would know how to help
themselves and not depend on 9TH
er groups, particularly non-veteran
groups for advice and assistance.
The national adjutant further
stated that as soon as the organiza-
ton reached the proper stage of de-
velopment every effort would be
made to secure recognition from the
Veterans Administration so that the
service officers of the organization
could officially represent its MEM
bers in presenting their claims be-
fore the Veterans Administration.
Membership is already being ac-
cepted. The annual membership is
$3.50 Other information regarding
the organization may l., be had by
writing to Percy Greene, national
adjutant, National Association of
Negro War Veterans, 1851 N. Fa-
rish ST., Jackson, Miss.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Seek To Heal



of operation have not always been
mutually observed, individuals from
both sides have been frowning at
each other with some real feeling
behind 1t all
Legally the FEPC has no right
to interfere with the course of
pending legislation, except when in
vited by congress, and ethically
ought not inject itself into t h e
picture where it might appear that
it is trying to perpetuate itself.
On the other hand. this is a very
sound project for any outside, nom
governmental group such as the
council to undertake.
TWO BILLS DRAFTED
Late in 1914 when it was appar-
ent that the 18TH congress would
end without passing a permanent
FEPC bill, the national council
busted itself with plans for rein
Producing its bill in the next ses-
sion and for pressing its drive.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Something About The Appointment Of
Negro Policemen In jackson

Down in Miami, Florida the other day upon the first
anniversary the appointment of Negro officers to the
Miami Police Force the Chief of Police took the occasion
to praise the work and performance of the Negro members
the force and to compliment them upon their sincere
devotion to duty and for their influence in bringing about
greater respect for law and order in the cys Negro COM
munity.
What has proven true as regards the Negro policemen
of Miami has also established respects Negro
cemen appointed in number of cities in what Is referred
to the Deep South during the war years
In Little Rock Arkansas the number of Negro police
appointed the force experiment mas been al
most trped the past three four because OF their
outstanding performance of duty and because OF the hg
degree confidence with which they regarded by all
citizens, white and Negro alike, of the community
One of the most important and farreachng results OF
the appointment of Negro policemen in every community
where they have been appointed has oeen the marked @
SEEMING of race tension and the marked reduction OF the
Incidents generally arising in the Negro community as
result of conditions within the area OF law enforcement
which most times responsible Tor race teSIo oStup
ances and outbreaks.
One other outstanding result of the appointment of Ne
gro policemen in the Deep South which ought to be men,
toned here is whoehearted alignment and cooper
alton the part of the Negro citizens with the law en-
forcement authorities development which has led TO
more wholesome Negro community fe and winch mas also
led to the eradication much of the petty vice and CRIME
arising n and sometimes shielded by he Negro h
y There be little doubt that this development mas
caused marked reduction in the cost OF maintaining Id"
and order in the Negro community
In certain quarters among those who have and are
giving thought postwar inter relations IN the
een South is being predicted all to freely and GER
oinv without adequate preparations which give evidence
Of consideration the larger social implications that
widespread race tension will develop and that there VII.
ev be many race disturbances and outbreaks because %
change in the attitude of the returning Negro sooler
not altogether uninfuenced by the changing attitude Oh
the Negro
What has proven true in the matter OF Negro ponce
men with respects to Miami Florida Little Rock Arkan-
SOS and the other communities in the Deep South where
Negro policemen have been appointed to the force Will ao
nroa to be true Jackson, Mississippi With the TACT al
ready established the appointment of Negro pocee
reduces race tension the incidents out OF winch race zen
sion disturbances and outbreaks arise and eouces AZ M
same time the cost of maintaining law and order IA the
ORC community the appointment of Negro policemen IN
Jackson ought to most seriously recommend user 10 Tue
authorities of the city. se<s 5-z
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Repercussions
CONTINUED from Page II

CONTINUED from Page II
quently returned Jeffries to Of
flee.
The mayor is too smart a poll
tician to resort to the same sort
of thing this campaign year SO
it is believed that he seized upon
the coming of the National Bar
tist convention and succeeded in
selling himself to some of the
ministers who headed the conven.
ton committee in order to garner
some Negro votes. Knowing that
100 churches cooperating in, the
convention here represented a
tremendous following, Jeffries
literally leaned over backward in
trying to be. helpfulasA4.s.aAs3
According to statements made
to this correspondent by the late
Rev. j.. H. Bruce, pastor, Dlivet
Baptist church, Jeffries was in
strumental in bringing the cor
vention to this city. He, accord
ing to the informant, used his in
fluence with the ODTs who had
opposed the coming Of the con-
vention because of travel restric-
tions and the national ban on
large conventions. s
CLAIM CONVENTION
WAS NOT WANTED
At one point when the local
office Of the ODT threatened to
get restraining order to prevent
the meetings Of the body at the
Olympia, it was said Jeffries STEP
ped into the picture and told the
ODT officials that he had invited
the convention to the city ani
that he felt called upon to SCI
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Uncovering Wash.


Is m1luOn negroes III the SUnlteQ
States are without representation
in the Senate. That is not news,
but it is significant and important.
Of course, getting into the Sem
ate would be heruclean task for a
Negro subject as a Senator is to
election by the voting population OF
the state at large. His numerical
strength is greatest in those states
where he is denied the right to vote
by poll taxes and other ruses. But
being represented in the Senate
even though the Senator's face be
white, is another situation entire
ly There are number of states in
which the active Negro vote is the
balance Of power. No Senator could
be elected in those certain states
without heavy support from its
Negro voters. Once elected, he
should represent" all elements of
the population. Many Senator'S have
in their states Negro lawyers Of
outstanding qualifications to whom
they never give a thought when a
federal judiciary vacancy occurs.
And therein lies the second les
son. Most Negroes are playing the
game of politics as strictly ANA
telrs. They are making few If any
inroads into the party machinery
of their states. They are important
only when an election Is in the inn
mediate offing, instead of being an
integral and continuing part of
both the Democratic and Republi-
can organizations.
AMATEURS IN POLITICS
1t makes interesting reading
when Negro announces he is on
the fence and is going to throw
his weight to the side that prom
ises" him the most. But when the
cake Is cut, it is the winning poll
tical machine that handles the dis
tribution. Everything is worked
from within, and the fellow who
stood aloof on the outside remains
there.
That is one reason why daily
admire Congressman William l..
Dawson more and more. He has set
Tor himself goal-over a long or
short period - to weave the Negro
into the fabric of the Democratic
Party SO that he will be a constant
factor rather than a periodic cleo
Jion bauble. He needs a lot of CO.
operation from lot of people to
succeed. The same thing needs to
be done with the Republicans.
But Dawson will get little credit
for his wisdom. Instead he will be
blamed by some for HASTE not be-
ing named to one of the court of
appeals judgeships. In cold FLOODED
political circles, however, HASTE -
who resigned as Civilian Aide to the
Secretary of War to courageously
criticize the administration, and
who threatened to resigned from
the National Citizens Political Ac-
ton Committee at the height Of
the Presidential campaign unless
certain things were done - was
not politically deserving. HASTE
himself probably would be the first
to admit it, and even more prob
ably would not have done differ
emily in either instance.
This country is still run on the
theory that to the victor belongs
the spoils. Right or wrong, that's
the way it is, and if Negroes want
to win in the game of politics, they
viii have to first get in the park,
then play by the rules, and choose
teammates who meet all the eligi-
bility requirements.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1945-09-22
Macon Hearing
Confined from Page ~


an integral part of the procedure
of choice, where in fact, the prl-
mary effectively controls tn g
choice" Mr.. Stroller stated further
that the purpose of the primary
law is to allow the voters to choose
their candidates, and to put their
rights In so doing under the pro-
lection Of the law" and that the
dterminative factor in an election
for public Office, whether that be
primary OF a general election. Is
the vote of the electors.
Defense attorneys, represented
in the main through the pleading OF
Charles j. Bloch, rested their case
on the contention that in Georgia,
unlike the state of Louisiana in the
Classic case, or Texas in the Smith
Albright decision, Georgia does not
have any statutory laws governing
primaries; that it does not require
the holding of primaries as in those
two states, and that it makes no
real difference if the primary cleo
ton is tantamount to the election
since there is no statutory rules
compelling the holding of primaries
by any political parties. I'm Geor-
gia," continued Mr.. Bloch, regula-
tons and restrictions as are exer-
cised over political party primar-
les are in no sense different from
those regulations and restraints
placed upon railroads. liquor stores
and other businesses" The state
acts only as police power when
ever these primary elections" are
held.
Because of the great mass of evil
dence introduced into the case for
consideration by counsel for both
sides, Judge Davis is reserving opin
ion in the eagerly watched case,
until such times as will be required
to take it under due advisement,
predicted by some to be probably
some to 10 days hence.
Headed by DR.. T. H. Brewer, Co
lllmbus, Georgia physician and re
Spected civic leader, more than a
score OF prominent Negroes laid
aside their business to attend the
hearings. Prominent in this group
were DIR. K. H. Terry, oldest CO.
lilmbus dentist and man Of SUBJ
stantial wealth; DR.. T. II. Brewer
who was instrumental in getting
the suit started; Rev. H. T. Beard
en-, pastor, st. James AME church.
Columbus; Rev. Primus E. King.
pastor, Mt. Pleasant Baptist church
Columbus; B. H. Strickland, we'll
TODD business leader; John L.
Sconiers. A. j. Thomas, w. M.
Thomas, Carl Haygood, Henry Jack
son, E E. Farley, c. B. Marshall,
retired business man; P. l.. Taylor,
publisher of the Columbus World
and business leader; Gus Couch,
Mrs. Lizzie Lunsford and her
daughter, Mrs. Lula Allen, joint
owners of chain of successful bus
inesses In Columbus; Mr. Sam Can
non, retired from the oath Infan-
try; w. S. Grady, Jr.. veteran of
World War II.
Other Georgia leaders included:
Rev. G. H. Carter, castor, Trinity
CINE Church of Augusta, and the
president of the Augusta NAACP
chapter, and Mrs. S. S. johnson
and Mr.. c. w. Hickson, district
manager, Augusta branch, Atlanta
Life Insurance Company, together
with hundreds of local Macon citi-
zens, who evidenced a genuine To-
cal interest in the developments
Similar primary suits are either
in progress or being contemplated
in other southern communities.