davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-15
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Friends of the Spanish Republic review
the course of the civil war in Spain,
which resulted finally in the establish
ment of the Franco government in its
present position, and also the course
followed by the Franco government dur
ing the Second World War
They refer to Franco as "the puppet
Of the Hitler -Mussolini alliance" de-
spite his present efforts to make it ap-
pear that he was neutral in the Euro
pean war now concluded with the defeat
of both Hitler and MuSsolini To admit
Franco Spain into the new world organi-
zation, they say, would be merely to give
new life to the Fascist idea, which this
war was waged to destroy.
While 1t is evident, from the views
expressed by various delegates to the
conference, no admission to the world
organization would now be granted to
Franco Spain, this organization is seek
ing to prevent the admission at any
future date. If this is made clear
enough, they insist, Frances government
Will topple and republican form of
government will follow in short time.
The Jews are represented here by
several organizations, among them the
American League for Free Palestine,
Inc, the American Jewish Conference
and the Hebrew Committee of National
Liberation The last opposes strongly
continuation of the present situation.
1t is demanding a fve-party trustee
ship. under the new world organization,
OF the United States, Great Britain,
Russia, France and the Hebrew National
Authority" 1t claims that under such
trusteeship Palestine will be ready
within two years to be granted inde-
pendence as free state.
The Council on African Affairs. Inc. :"
with headquarters in New York and
Paul Robson as chairman, has filed its
views of the colonial issue, holding that
the future of colonial peoples is world
problem" 1t argues that all colonial
territories taken from enemy nations,
and this includes territories in Africa.
in this war, which are not granted
immediate self-government, should be
placed under an international admins
tration, directed toward the goal of self
determination. 1t calls for an inter
national colonial commission" as part
of the international organization, re-
sponsible to the general assembly.
Evening star., 1945-05-15
4-Fs Aren't SIuckers
F1om the New York World Telegram.

FTom the New York World telegram.
In justice to large group of Amer-i
leans, we all ought to remember that,
AIS aren't draft dodgers. They aren't
evading military service. They ara
men of military age who have complied
with the law, registered for the draft
reported to their draft boards, and been
rejected for military service because of.
disabilities. The reason they aren't INF
uniform is that the Army and Nayy
don't want them in uniform - a facE
which, to our knowledge, has bitterly
disappointed many of them. Most 4-Fs
are able to do useful work. They're iris
the age brackets generally most wanted
by essential war industries-and manv'
OF them are in such industries, It NAV
be that more Of them should be reouireds
TO get into, or to stay in, such industries 9
But It's not fair to intimate or assumes
that, as class, the AIS are less pa
tr1otic. less willing to do their duty I
less willing to sacrifice for their com. !
try, than the soldiers and sailors. thss
men beyond military age, or the women
VINO have not been required to register
for the draft.
Evening star., 1945-05-15
Honorobly Discharged

Donald M. Nelson's leave-taking
today after five years of Government
service resulted from his resignation
from a position created for him by
President Roosevelt, in which he
functioned as personal representa-
tive of the President in various
negotiations with China and Russia.
But his really notable war service to
the country was rendered as chair
man of the War Production Board
and in that capacity his name will
be linked closely, in the history of
this war, with the unequaled produc-
tion records which, supporting the
valor of our fighting men, made vic
tory over Germany possible and VIC
tory over Japan inevitable.
Those to whom will fall the duty
in later years of writing, with access
to the records, of Americas stupend-
Gus industrial effort in this war will
be able more precisely to define the
part that Mr.. Nelson played. There
was a great deal that went on be-
hind the scenes which is yet to be
revealed. But to the observer on the
outside, those who watched from
the fringe of the heated battles
which were fought over ALLEGATIONS
and priorities, Mr.. Nelson's role
appeared to be that of arbiter, a
sort of gyroscopic balance wheel,
leaning first to one side and then
Evening star., 1945-05-15

to the other but somehow managing
to keep things on an even keel.
In the heat of some of the head
line battles there were those who
criticized Mr. Nelson for too great
a show of equability when the
situation seemed to demand more
effective use Of the big stick which
went with his Office. But in retro
spect, the qualities he showed were
in even greater demand. Many of
those around him were welding
their own big sticks on each others
heads, while Mr.. Nelson kept his own.
He made many friends and few
enemies in Washington. He saw the
war from a vantage point that in
its way was unique. President Tru-
man is merely expressing a general
sentiment in wishing him, on his
deserved retirement from strenuous
public life, happiness and success.
Evening star., 1945-05-15
The YuqosIov Issue

Acting Secretary of State Joseph
c. Crews fortnight statement last
Saturday underscores the gravity of
the situation which is developing be-
tween the Anglo-American military
authorities and the regime in Yugo-
slavia headed by Marshal Tito. AL
though Mr.. Grew mentioned only
the difficulties which have arisen in
the italian border province known
as Venezia Giulia, it should be un-
derstood that parallel difficulties
have arisen in the southern border
provinces of Carinthia and Styria.
In both cases, the Allies are con-
fronted with aggressive, unilateral
actions on the part of the Yugoslavs
which not only contravene the ar
rangementS laid down between the
Big Three" at Yalta but which also,
as Mr.. Grew specifically pointed out,
are breach of the agreement made
last February by Marshal Tito with
the British and Americans.
This agreement was that, since
under the Yalta agreement both
Venezia Giulia and Southern Austria
were an Anglo-American theater of
operations and were designated for
Anglo American occupation after
the close of hostilities, they should
pass under Allied military control,
their eventual disposition being re-
served for the European peace settle
ment. But Tito has defiantly rushed
his Partisan forces into both areas,
is setting up provisional admins
tration, and in Venezia Giulia, espe-
clally, is acting in a most arbitrary
manner toward the Italian element,
including the arrest and expulsion
OF the two local bishops and the
forclble enrolling of Italians into the
Partisan armed organization. Fur
thermore, he has protested the Al
lied occupation of the vital port of
Trieste as having been done without
his permission, and in Trieste, Klag-
enfurt, and other cities in both re-
g1ons, his Partisan forces remain,
despite the arrival of Anglo-Ameri-
can troops, and continue to exercise
authority over the civilian popula-
tion. This is now reported to be
the subject of strong notes sent to
him by Britain and the United States
proposing that he withdraw on the
grounds that Trieste and the Istrian
Peninsula are legally under Anglo
American control because of the
Italian armistice.
Here, obviously, is a situation
loaded with dynamite. Unless the
matter is speedily adjusted, an Gin
cident" might touch off an explosion.
Judging by Mr.. Crews statement
and by the attitude of the British
government, the Allies do not intend
to bow to Marshal Tito's aggressive
tactics. But Tito and his regime
have from the first had the solid
backing of Moscow, and it is diff
cult to imagine that he would have
acted so boldly if he thought Moscow
would disapproye,
Evening star., 1945-05-15
PeriIs of Victory

If there are those who believe, or
who would like to believe, that the
crushing of Naziism will be followed
almost automatically by an era of
liberty and decency in Europe, they
should read with close attention
the most recent remarks on this
subject by Prime Minister Winston
Churchill
The Prime Minister spoke in
guarded fashion, obviously intend
ing that no careless word of his
should add to the difficulties already
confronting the peacemakers. But
his meaning was plain enough.
On the continent of Europe, he
said, we have yet to make sure that
the simple and honorable purposes
for which we entered the war are
not brushed aside or overlooked
that the words freedom, democracy
and liberation are not distorted from
their true meaning as we have un-
derStood them. There would be
little use in Furnishing the Hitlerites
for their Crimes" he added, "if law
and justice do not rule and if totali-
tartan or police governments were
to take the place of the German
invaders"
These words, coming only few
days after the collapse of the mon
strous regime which for five years
and more had enslaved and terror
lied Europe, carry an ominous ring.
Many parts of the continent have
been sealed off from the rest of the
world. Even under Hitler, the black
out of information from such places
as Romania, Poland and Hungary
was not more complete than it is to-
day. Literally, the western world
does not know with any certainty,
and cannot ascertain, what is taking
place in the countries which have
been conquered or liberated" by the
advance of the Soviet armies. And
in the absence of authentic informa-
ton the natural inference is that
things are being done which could
not and would not receive the ap-
probation of western opinion. Nor
is the difficulty confined to Russian
occupied areas alone. In other parts
of Europe, where no Red soldier has
made an appearance, there have
been disturbing symptoms of trend
toward the worship of force at the
expense of justice, and a maneuver-
Evening star., 1945-05-15

SAN FRANCISCO, May 15.-San
Francisco and the United Nations Con-
ference have become sounding board
for advocates of special and improved
treatment of peoples who have been
under the domination and restraint of
larger nations. These peoples are rep
resented here by organizations which
do not have official connection with the
conference but are nonetheless vocifer-
GUS. The problems and demands they
present are outside any action which
the conference is likely to take, except
insofar as they relate to the system
of "trusteeships" which is to be set up
in the new international organization
and to admission of new members to
the United Nations Conference.
Spokesman are here for the Polish
nation-two groups. one of which de-
mands that the Yalta agreement be
carried out for the reorganization of
the Polish government on democratic
lines, and the other demanding that
the present provisional government, the
Lublin government, be admitted to the
conference. They are here for the Jew
ish organizations demanding a better
deal for Palestine as the national home
of the Hebrew nation. Others speak
for Korea, seeking recognition of that
country and admission to the United
Nations. The friends of Finland are
demanding steps be taken to relieve
that country of the heavy armistice
terms forced upon it by Russia.
There are Indians here who seek inde-
pendence of the British and who never
fail to needle" the British spokesman
delegates to the conference at their
press conferences. Others are demand
ing that something be done by the con-
ference of the United Nations to re-
lieve Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania of
the Russian yoke.
The Friends of the Spanish Republic"
are more active perhaps than any of the
other groups pleading special causes,
with the exception of the Jews. This
organization is engaged in a crusade to
prevent the present Franco government
in Spain ever having part in the new
international organization. 1t not only
desires to bar the admission of Franco
Spain, but to pave the way for "a demo-
cratic Spain" to resume its place in the
family of nations. In lengthy memo
randum submitted to the conference the
Evening star., 1945-05-15
Boy with a Kite

Chad on a ,oindy hill, far sea-blue eyes
intent
Upon bright paper heragon that
soims the upper air,
You hold all heapen tethered on a
tautened string
And Nth Icarus at the moment nil
,oinged mysteries share.
Slender your knowledge OF the pind and
1oeather,
OF grapity and stern eractitude Or
physics la,Ds;;
But tDho ,Dould not trade the ueaoer
fare OF knowledge
For this scarlet paper dream that gipes
wv F~~'e' -
White mares tails OF cirrus cloud ays
spun across the sky;
Against them the brilliant paper ship
t0eaues to and fro,
And this, n,y child, is all vou need to
knotD OF science,
Holding By q cord dream that ,be
shall neDer knoiD.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-05-15

But in spite of these attempts to draw
heavy curtain between the Western
democracieS and the Eastern police
states, enough information is getting
through by devious channels to give a
pale picture of what is going on. And
even the sketchy information shows
that none of the democratic principles
for which the American and the I'M
perial armies have fought is either re-
spected or applied.
A rule of terror is reported from
Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Po-
land, where Partisan" courts are in
action. The men who are sentenced
without appeal either face the firing
squads Immediately or are deported to
Russia, where they are incorporated
into labor battalions.' Those brought
before the courts often are found guilty
not only of cooperation with the en-
emy, but also guilty of opposing the
police regime which has now forced
itself into power with the assistance
of foreign bayonets.
One of the most reliable official eye
witnesses, who spent few days in
Washington last month, reported to his
superiors about the scenes he saw in
Bucharest, when thousands of passers-
by were corralled in the large square
before the National Theater by Roman
ian and Russian patrols. The men were
segregated from the women, taken in
trucks to the main railroad station and
sent east to an unknown destination.
Individuals in all these countries are
taken from their homes in the middle
of the night and disappear.
In Bulgaria the daughter of the for
ner court chamberlain was arrested and
exiled in Russia in spite of efforts of
the American authorities. She had
saved, and hid at the risk of her life,
several score American aviators who
had made forced landings in Bulgaria
when the Nazis were in complete con-
troll of the country. Our representatives
had been brought against her to justify
her arrest and disappearance.
% X
There are thick volumes of reports
from the various British and American
agents about many more such incidents.
These are not being divulged to the
public for many reasons. the most i'm
portant being that there is still some
hope that the representations from
Washington and London might bring
about a change for the better.
But neither the American nor the
British government has any doubt that
at the present the forms of government
adopod in the liberated" territories
are far from the real meaning of the
words freedom" and democracy"
Evening star., 1945-05-15

or the Russians to the need for a
strategic marriage" between these two
types OF power for the common end of
keeping the world at peace.
Linked with this is the question of in
dlvldual freedom, of human rights. The
Russians still have police force" at
nome, and they tend to the belief that
their continental security demands that
police states" controlled by them or by
parties friendly to them, should form a
protective barrier along their frontiers.
They seek security by compelling peo-
pie to think and act in certain ways.
The Americans and the British have
no such ideas. Their experience leads
them to believe that the greater the
area of freedom, the greater will be their
security against war.
For both these reasons there has been
almost complete Anglo-American unity
of purpose and action at this confer
ence. 1t would not be correct to say
that this unity has had an anti
Russian purpose. Instead, I think it
should be emphasized that it has had
the result of bringing Russian ideas
more closely into line with Anglo
American ideas, while it has made pos
sible certain concessions to the Rus
slams point of view as to immediate
Russian necessities. The Russians have
not been able to play off America and
Britain against each other. 1t is hardly
correct either to say that Britain has
been the mediator between Russia and
the United States. The role of the Brit
ish delegation has rather been that Of
using its somewhat greater diplomatic
experience and closer connections with
European affairs to advance the COM
mon Anglo-American viewpoint.
X X
One can only hope that this Anglo
American unity of purpose and of ac-
ton will continue in the future. A tri-
angular world seems to this writer full
OF danger and of weakness; seesaw
world is safer and more workable, with
one end Of the seesaw neatly balanced
by the other and am convinced that
the future of mankind is bound up with
the maintenance of a balanced CO.
operation for security and peace between
the Anglo-American and the Soviet
nations.
tcopyright, 1s4S.l
Evening star., 1945-05-15
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

Prime Minister Churchill once more
became the champion of undiluted de-
mocracy as understood in the Western
World when he summed up the task
facing the British government-and by
implication the task facing the United
sStates-in the reorganization of post
war Europe.
In his speech on Sunday, the fighting
British statesman declared that ION the
continent OF Europe we have yet to
make sure that the simple and honor
able purposes for which we entered the
war are not brushed aside-and that
the freedom democracy and liberia
tlon' are not distorted from their true
meaning as we have understood them" ="
There would be little use in punish
ing the Hitlerites for their crimes" the
Prime Minister added, "if law and JUS
tice did not rule and If totalitarian or
police governments were to take the
place Of the German invaders
MIR. Churchill's talk is believed to have
been prompted by the unpleasant ex-
periences we have had recently with the
governments just established in Eastern
and Southern Europe.
The strong note the Prime Min
lister received last Thursday from Mos
cow, in reply to his protest concerning
Russia's failure to live up to the Yalta
agreements, Is believed to have further
spurred Mr.. Churchill's extremely frank
speech.
AS things stand today, there is little
left of the Yalta agreements, while the
Atlantic Charter, which was the basis
OF the unSelf1sh cooperation between
the United Nations, is dead and buried.
The British leader had a hand in the
destruction of that charter. He be-
lieved collaboration among the Big
Three in war and peace was far more
important than the fulfillment Of a set
OF principles, regardless of how high
minded and beneficial to the peace of
the world they might have been. And
he, together with President Roosevelt.
agreed that since it contained many
principles which were not adaptable to
Russia's avowed policies, the charter
should be sacrificed to practical politics.
There Is enough evidence now to prove
that most of the liberated countries
east of the Elbe River have adopted
police" form of government. They are
hermetically shut off from any profess
sional reporting by American and Brit
ish newSpapermen. The few American
representatives who are tolerated in
some of these liberated countries are
confined to the capitals to which they
are accredited and are not permitted
to leave them,
Evening star., 1945-05-15
Golden Gate Beginnings
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, May 15.-Looking
back on three weeks of this United Ma
tions Conference, one cannot leave this
beautiful city, where so much has been
accomplished to lay the foundations for
a world in which such cities may exist
in beauty and in peace, without ex-
pressing satisfaction at the real measure
of that accomplishment.
1t would be easy enough to say that
this or that was the major cause of
such differences as there have been.
1t would be easy to review the argu-
ment over the chairmanships, the ques-
ton of admitting Argentina on the one
hand and the two lesser Soviet repub-
lies on the other, the difficulties over
trusteeship and the revision of treaties,
the still unsolved matter of regional
agreements.
But think that underlying all these
were two basic differences which tended
to align the Soviet Union on one side
against the United States and Britain
on the other. One was a difference as
to the meaning of security, the other
was a matter of attitude toward the
relation between the individual and the
state
The Russian view of security is quite
UNDERSTANDABLE colored by recent ex-
perience. The Soviet state was very
nearly brought to destruction by land
invasion by the German Army; it found
its salvation in creating more power
full army than that If its enemy.
The United States and the British
suffered more heavily from enemy air
power than from anything else; they
found their salvation in maintaining
the command of the sea, using the re-
sources thus accumulated to gain COM
mand of the air and then employing
their sea and air power to convey and
to cover the armies which brought about
the final decision. The Russians look
forward to world in which security
of continental frontiers will be their
first consideration: The Americans and
the British look forward to world in
which the command of the sea and the
air will be their first consideration.
Insufficient thought has as yet been
given either by the Anglo-Americans
Evening star., 1945-05-15
Festival Success

The Spring Festival at Washing
ton Cathedral Thursday to Sun
day was so much a success that plans
already are being developed for a
similar celebration next year, and 1t
is possible, If not actually probable,
that some such enterprise will be-
come an annual custom at Mount
st. Alban.
Organized in less than three
months and during a period when
the resources of the friends of the
Cathedral necessarily were pledged
in largest part to the war, the 1945
program nevertheless brought to-
gether remarkable demonstration
OF the influence Of the modern cathe-
dral age upon the arts, the sciences,
education and public welfare. Thou
sands of people saw the exhibits,
attended the services and concerts,
shared in the work at least for the
moment; and many of the men,
women and children thus adding to
the wealth of their experience were
strangers who never before had been
within the boundaries of the Cathe-
dral close.
Among the number thus contrib
uting from outside" were: Balm
bridge Crist, the composer, who
wrote for the occasion a choral set
ting for Bryant's mystic poem, "To
a Wild Fowl" sung under his direc-
tion by one hundred and eighty
students of the National Cathedral
School for Girls, and Edward r.
Grove, gifted young artist of the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing,
who etched on steel for the festival
an impression of the Cathedral fab
ric as seen from the north never
equaled in any other medium.
Such achievements, obviously, are
of permanent value and worth. They
illustrate the power of the Cathe-
raj to stimulate great and useful
endeavor. Hence they are important
to an all-inclusive public and point
the way to further festivals and
further reasons for them as events
of truly national significance.
Evening star., 1945-05-15
Pleads for Retired Employees
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star
The bill raising salaries of white
collar Federal employees, long neg
lected class of workers, is likely to pass
Columns upon columns have been writ
ten about these deserving Government
workers and their needs, and rightly so,
but why is there never word about
the really forgotten man, the aged re-
tired civil servant who has spent life
time in the service of his Government
on low pay and is eking out miserable
existence on pension which might have
been fairly adequate years ago, but
which today certainly does not afford
decent living? Surely Congress in
doing justice to the active workers,
should not forget that the high cost of
living weighs just as heavily, if not more
so, on the aged and infirm retired en-
ployes. READER.