davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11
Washington's Pioneer Overseas Airline
Marks Three Years of Wartime Growth

One of Washington's newest and least
known industries celebrated its third
anniversary quietly this month. En-
ployes of the TWA intercontinental
division, which flies the Atlantic Ocean
for the Air Transport Command and is
the city's only overseas airline, hardened
back to February 26, 1912, when the
first stratoliner took off from Boiling
Field headed for Cairo, Egypt, with a
group Of Army personnel.
This was the beginning Of an ever
expanding service which the United
States airlines have performed for the
Air Transport Command. At the time,
TWAS Intercontinental Division con-
sisted of one desk at the Army Air
Forces annex and few Offices in Kan
sas City, Mo. Now the company oc-
cupies two full hangers and part of an
other at National Airport.
Ten Ocean Crossings Daily
Instead OF one fight every few weeks
the line is performing nearly 10 day
over the Atlantic in ATC Skymasters.
Only recently the company received its
first Constellation for operation under
Army contract, the forerunner of a
feet that will eventually replace the
C-54 Skymasters
During the past three years National
Airport has been the terminal for
substantial number of the 10000
passengers who have ridden this war
born airline, and for much Of the
20 900 900 pounds of munitions, plasma,
V-mail, medicines and other critical
cargo carried to or from Europe, Africa,
Asia and South America. And If TWAS
route applications pending before the
Civil Aeronautics Board are approved
Washington will be a postwar terminal
for ound-the-world commercial air
service that will put the city within
IL hours Of London, Is hours OF Paris
and "A hours of Cairo.
Roosevelt as PASSENGER
In the course Of its growth TWA has
participated in many special missions,
although its principal efforts have been
to build up scheduled airline frequency
and dependability across the Atlantic.
Most renowned of its assignments from
the ATC was flying President Roosevelt
on the land portions of his trip to Casa
blanca and return in 1913. Otis Bryan,
then manager of the intercontinental
division and now TWA vice president,
captained the flight.
When former Ambassador Joseph E
Davies travelled to Moscow for the Presi-
dent In l943, TWA crew few him anc
his party. The group returned by way
of Siberia and Alaska, having cipcum-
navigated the globe. The crew was
headed by w. G. Golien, 4401 South
Thirty third street, darlington, ther
supervisor of operations, who reported
an uneventful trip except that the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11
Libraries Reveal Wartime Reading Trends Here

ture of the countries they are to visit,
as well as the language and customs.
Manv seryicemen like to listen to their
favorites. The reserve list for the music
room is so great that people can use the
room for only an hour"
The library reports intensive plan
ming for rehabilitation and rehabilita-
ton. Librarians pointed out that coun-
selling for jobs and personal problems
will not be handled by libraries, but that
related reading, which has already be-
gun, is encouraged by agencies respon-
sible for counselling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11

WAC Tech Sergt Marie E. Nlander is shown teaching
group Red Cross counter orers hoo to fold linen for opera
From le Mrs Seth Brooks Mrs Stanley Scott,
1oife Brig Stanley Scott Serg Nander and Mrs L. W.
MOrrOp 1Dife of Nau4 COmdr. L. w. MorrOW.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
Easy Immigration
Fought byLegiion
Naturalization Law
Changes Protested
n.lroa IIms, wa.hInrlon nareau

WASHINGTON. Oct 27-At-
tampts being made in Congress
TO lower naturalization barriers
te-sAeHs to-day aroused -Gntcr--
mined American Legion opposi-
tion,
Col John Thomas Taylor Le-
gion national. legislative director,
called on members OF the Senate
committee on immigration 10 cn-
phatically reject bills introduced
by Senators Claude Pepper Cd of
Florida and George L. Radcliffe
CD) Of Maryland 10 widen the
Nationality Act Of 1910.
Peppers bin, Ta,'or pointed
out, proposes TO permit The ISSUE
ance Of lawful entry. CcrJfc7'os
10 foreign scaUCn who hive
served on American vessels for
at least one year while the Ui ID
States has been al Na
"The issuarce Of certificate
Of lawful entry il the hret step
ward naturalization" Col.
Taylor declared
Even more vigorous opposition
was expressed toward the me7sx
ure introduced by Senator R71N
cliffe, which would permit nat--
Of forcion s~srr1n who
have served on Amer oan-oWnsd
vessels for three yeas
Not only does t''S hin pro-
To
siderable number 80 foreign
born, hut II specifically stat"s
that the alien shall not be re-
quired TO speak the English Ian
guage, sign his naturalization
petition In his own handwriting,
or mot any cdHeat ti4eal- test"
Col Taylor commented.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
Wainwright Urges u. S.
To Back Victory Loan
international Photo
BY GEN. JONATHAN NJ WAINWRIGHT

WAS not in position 70 appeal to the great-hearted
Il American public support the
ing the long years fighting in the Philippines
prisoner Of the japanese,
However, now I add my voice to those urging all
Americans to support the Victory Loan wch drive opens
Oct. %
The greatest lpar in history has been lUon
largely through American 11onpoWer, ingenuity and
hard cash But the job far from done.
We must now keep the peace by supporting armng
feeding and housing strong occupation forces Japan
and Europe
1T MUST also be remembered that retain the
Il fighting power OF army. navy and air force.
that will again be forced TO pay the bitter price Of
unprepafedness, We provide rr1fC5t oter
boons for million casualties speed the operation Of
the CT Bill Of Rights guard against inaaonary Buying Of
he first products off peaceme assembly lines and help
government bear the heavy Of reconvcrson.
The goal throughout the nation is 81 0000001t00 II
Is cheap price for peace security and postwar progress
CTorchlight parade to open Detroits Vicery Loan
campaign. See story Page g.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
Subject: Surrender.

"TO: Maj. Gen. William f. Sharp Jr.,
commanding Nisayan-Mindanao Force.
''To put stop to further useless sacri-
flee of human life on the fortified islands,
yesterday rendered to 1t. Gen. HOmma,
the commander in chief of the imperial
Japanese forces in the Philippines, the sur
render of the four harbOr forts in Manila
Bay.
''Lt. Gen. HOmma declined to accept
my surrender unless it included the forces
under your command. 1t became apparent
that the garrisOnS of these said forts would
be eventually destroyed by aerial and ar
tillery bOmbardment and by infantry sup
ported by tanks, which have overwhelmed
COrregidOr
after leaving 1t. Gen. HOmma with
no agreement between us | decided to ac-,
cept in the name of humanity his proposal
and rendered at midnight, May, 6-7, 1912,
to the senior Japanese officer on COrregi-
dor, the formal surrender of all American
and Philippine army troops on the Philip
pine Islands. You will therefore be guided
accordingly, and WILL repeat WILL sur
render all troops under your command
both in the ViSayan Islands and MindanaO
to the proper Japanese officer. This decision
on my part. you will realize, was forced
upon me by means beyond my control.
"Col. Jesse 7. Traywick Jr.. Csc =, my
assistant chief of staff, G-3, who will de-
liver this letter to you, is fully empowered
to act for me. You are hereby ordered by
me as the senior American army officer in
the Philippine Islands to scrupulously carry
out the provisions of this letter, as we'll as
such additional instructions as this staff
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
officer may give you in my name.

officer may give you in my name.
''YOu will repeat the complete text of
this letter, and of such other instructions
as Col. TrayMick may give you, by radio
to Gen. Macarthur. However, let me EN-
phasize that there must be on your part no
thought of disregarding these instructions.
Failure to fully and honestly carry them
out can have only the most disastrous re-
suits"
TOMORROW: Gen. Wainwright goes as hostage)
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28

trance of the tunnel
And on the way passed through hun
dreds of my men, herded in place near
the west end Of the tunnel. They had been
rounded up while was on Bataan that aft
ernoon, and now they stood there unarmed
in the hot night, without food or water.
AS | passed through them, many of
those gallant fellows reached out and took
my hand, or patted me on the shoulder and
said ITS all right, general, you did your
best"
My eyes were filled with tears by the
time reached the tunnel.
There, as an additional blow, found
Jap troops in full command of the interior
There were practically no Americans or
-Flipinos in evidence. except the silent men
on their hospital cots
| went Immediately to Maj Gen.
George F. Moore and told him that | had
surrendered. To have refused any longer,
told him, would have caused the annihila-
ton of the people of Corregidor, at no per-
manent advantage to the men left on the
other islands
Moore agreed with me-
But | feel | have taken a dreadful
step," concluded.
WENT back to my room with Pugh, the
sentry following us. We threw ourselves
on our cots and closed our eyes for the first
time since two nights before
slept about three hours. At dawn Sgt.
carroll came IN and awakened me. He had
cup Of coffee which he had somehow not
only managed to get from the hospital but
also to spirit past the Jap sentry. aroused
myself, got up and made point of MAX
ing myself more respectable in appear
ance
While | was dressing, Jap colonel
strobe into the room, accompanied by the
same lnsOlent Nakamura who had inter-
preted for Homma.
81 am Col. Haba of the general staff
and of 1t Gen. Hommas headquarters"
he said II am here to discuss the details
of your surrender"
One of the first details, knew, would
be the task Of sending word to Sharp on
Mindanao that | was resuning command
of his troops by virtue of authority vested
in me by the President, and ordering him
to surrender
With that in mind ! sent for Col. Jesse
T. Traywick, my assistant chief of staff
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
A-B0nnb Test
On Ships SET
Remnants Of Japan's S
Fleet May Be Used

TOKYO. Oct. 27 CUP) The
American command Us awaiting
only the go-ahead signal from
Washington TO move remnants OF
the Japanese feet out 10 sea for
atomic bomb tests, il was learned
today.
However, one official expressed
the opinion that Washington
might decide against such tests
on the grounds they would be too
expensive.
JAP FLEET TARGET
Proposed plans call for the
American Pacific fleet 10 move
the half-wrecked japanese battle
ship Nagato and possibly other
damaged warshipS TO an isolated
section OF the Pacific.
American planes then would
drop atomic bombs on the vessels
TO determine the effectiveness of
the weapon in naval warfare.
ENJOYS CALLED HOME
Spokesman az supreme head
quarters indicated that Gen. Mac
Arthur will take prompt steps to
enforce immediate compli a n G
with Allied orders eliminating
Japans diplomatic relations with
foreign countries.
This followed declarations by
the news agency Bomei that the
Japanese foreign office planned 10
sound out Allied headquarters
on the theory that the ultimatum
does not conform 20 terms Of the
Potsdam declaration.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
General Dictates last Order
For Mndanao Forces 10 Give Up

for operations, and dictated to him the in
stIuctions wished to go to Sharp.
u1rrr,,, 81.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
By GEN. JONATHAN NJ. WAINWRIGHT

BY GEN. JONATHAN VI. WAINWRIGHT
,coprrh 1855. kjns Features Inc Reproduc
~hos e, a prohibited
THE Jap colonel who had me in tow,
after my return to CoTegidor from
u the fruitless meeting with 1t. Gen.
Homnra, grinned fiercely when told him
was ready finally to meet Homma full
and cruel demands
He led me around Malinta Hill to its
west side and down to little settlement
on Corregidor named Bario San Jose. And
there. in destroyed Filipino market, was
presented to a stockY Jap colonel IN charge
of the invading forces.
From him learned that second large
complement of Japs had landed at Bot
tomside" during the afternoon. They were
H9s in full command of the area between
the west entrance to the tunnel and Nor
rison Hill. farther west.
That was it. The last hope vanished
from my mind.
By feeble light. we drew up surrender
document which followed the hard terms
laid down by Homma. 1t was just midnight
when | scraWled my signature across the
bottom document was typed IN the
stiff Japanese version of English.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28

EDITORS NOTE-This is the ED article Of Gen
This Is NJ Sto,H.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08
Looking to the Future

tremendous sum of S70O,OOO,OO0 in
the reconstruction period after the
war.
That is indeed a staggering sum
when we recall that only 20 years
ago we debated long and bitterly the
question of bond issue of only $780,.
100000 to surface the main highways
which were then rutted mud.
Although it seems unlikely that
such vast sum as $500, 900, 900 will
be necessary, the governor is correct
in making now the surveys and plans
that will show exactly the needs of
Michigan in better schools, new hos
pitfalls, adequate water supplies and
sewage disposal, modern roads and
bridges, and extension of health
facilities to all.
AS the governor pointed out,
when the time comes to undertake
this huge program the one guide
must be true need. The states DUTY
now is to determine that need, and
thus guard against blind waste.
Gov. Kelly mentioned that Mich
gan's government is FREE OF
DEBT and has surplus. 1t is in
conceivable that this debt-free con.
dition will be maintained while the
states dependent sick are crowded
into hazardous, dilapidated build
ings, some of which are century old.
In its broad outlines for the
future, Gov. Kelly's was an intelli-
gent and VITAL MESSAGE.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08

The Senate Was OH Its Toes

Slipping" disputed measures
through a not too observant Con-
gress.
The latter method was chosen,
and the rivers and harbors bill was
selected as the vehicle for the pur-
pose.
But the Senate was ION its toes"
and rejected the st. Lawrence sea.
way amendment by the decisive vote
of Sc to 25.
The wholesome effect of this re-
lection, as Arthur Krock subse-
quently wrote in the New York
Times, was that;
"The Senate served notice on the
President that il tOiH not countenance
any effort to put through as ordinary
legislation matters tDhich by custom
and content have generally been in
treaty form"
THE Senate rightly considers such
Il notification to the President to be
Of vital Importance because it well
knows, according to Mr. Krock, that
many postwar international commit
ments are being contemplated by the
administration and that it is entirely
possible that:
"A feW executive advisers Douid
offer them to Congress as agreements
for majority approval if they be-
ieUed these Uould haue hard going
as treaties"
The Senate is completely justified
in the position it has thus taken.
Of course the st. Lawrence sea
way proposal is matter that should
be dealt with as treaty between the
United States and Canada, and if
such treaty is impossible of ratifi-
cation by the Senate-as the Consti-
tuition requires - it should stand
rejected.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08

90. KELLY,S message to the
" Legislature will become a valu-
able guide in plotting our future
course, for his theme throughout
emphasized the necessity of making
Michigan better state in better
world.
Through their willingness to die,
we are learning now Uhat men Want
to iiUe for.
We must not fail them at home,
just as we, as nation, must not fail
them at the peace table.
Caught in the many surface cur
rents of these troubled days, Gov.
Kelly could not explicitly define the
boundaries for the broad expansions
that will blossom in government
thought and practice.
He was content, therefore, to
plant the seeds of thought, and in
that direction it was an excellent
message.
The future must bring broader
opportunity to all, better care OF sick
and the aged, better schools, co.
ordinated planning betUeen the state
and local governments, every pos
sible aid to returning Ueterans and
especially the wounded, and srDeep-
ing internal Improvements such as
the abolition of those fretraps in
hospitals.
The governor listed prospective
public works that might cost the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08

THE United States Senate demon
Il strated vigilant and admirable
alertness to national interest near the
close of the last session of Congress
when it rejected an amendment to
the rivers and harbors authorization
bill which would have committed the
American government to the contro-
versial st. Lawrence seaway pro.
poSal.
The Senate very properly insisted
that, whatever the merits of the st.
Lawrence project might be, it is
clearly matter to be dealt with BY
TREATY between the United States
and Canada.
AS matter of fact, it HAD
been considered in treaty form by
the Senate on a previous occasion,
and had failed of approval.
This, of course, was the REASON
for the temperance of the proposal
in different form.
THE oosevelt administration,
l. realizing that treaty with Can
ada committing the United States to
the st. Lawrence seaway could not
obtain the necessary two thirds vote
in the Senate for ratification, sought
to accomplish the same thing by diff
ferent and evasive methods.
There were two ways to go about
of the constitutional requirement for
treaty ratification.
One way would have been to pre-
sent the project as ordinary legisla-
ton, requiring only majority ap.
proval in both houses of Congress
The other way, and the one at
tempted, was to attach it to pending
legislation as an amendment - a
familiar parliamentary device for
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08
Facts About LubIin

fectively aided the Russians in
eXpelling the Germans from
Wilno. Rowne. Luck, Lwow and
other Polish cities.
In the light Of these facts,
one cannot help but ask: Who
is the real authority in that
part Of Poland? The Lublin
committee or the Soviet police
n. x. w. D.?
The Lublin committee Is
partner TO and mere camou-
flage for Soviet outrages,
II would also be we'll 10 re-
member that the Communists
in Poland did not represent
even two per cent Of the Polish
population.
Russia is. OF course. trying
hard 10 change that ratio by
mass deportations and other
means.
This is truly outrageous.
But Russia has power-RuSsia
can do so.
Nevertheless, the Polish legi-
mate government and the Pol
ish people have just claim
and right behind them.
Regardless of Churchilrs or
Stains or any one else's de-
cision, If Poland is partitioned
and deprived of real independ-
ence and thrown 10 the mercy
Of communism, the Poles will
NOT give up There can be no
real peace while discomfort and
turmoil prevail.
HENRY kOGUT,
S095 lIOntlieu.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08

government gives II more moral
power; il is not Just another
committee. "
And the fact that an ALLIED"
Soviet government prevents its
return 10 Poland adds still more
moral power TO II.
The charge that the London
government Is of aristocratic
tint is a WORKOUT notion of
conmunistic propaganda.
The present premier, Arcis-
zewSki. has been all his life a
labor leader and was the leader
OF the Polish underground until
the middle of July, 1914.
Three other members Of his
government also came from Po-
land in 1914.
These men really represent
fighting and suffering Poland.
The Lublin committee is rep
resented 10 be the dc facto
government in the Polish terri
tories west Of the Bug River.
According TO the latest Polish
Underground reports, 1000 Poles
have been murdered since the
Russian occupa ton, and several
thousands Of officers and 81. 200
soldiers OF the Polish home
army are interned by the Rus
SLAMS in that dreadful concen-
trstlon camp created by the
Germans. Maidanek.
This is the very same home
army which so CALAMITY and ef-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

To THE EDITOR.
NOV we are told that for
~ months a serious shortage
of vital war materials has de-
layed victory.
Lovers of America have long
been alarmed by the thousands
of strikes having at least tacit
administration protection, and
the poor planning that has piled
up 100 billion dollars worth of
surplus, wasted materials. The
facts of the matter must have
been known TO the President,
who campaigned for election on
the plea that he was necessary
for victory at the lowest cost in
lives and money. That this plea
was Campaign oratory," the
terrible price we are at this
minute paying in the blood Of
our boys teaches us. Unfortu-
nately neither this nor the cleo
ton can be undone.
Over there our boys are being
paid $50 a month for dying.
Over here, men getting more
than this a week are striking for
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08
TO THE EDITOR:

~ Ifk kDIIOh:
TIVE Moscow-Sponsored Lublin
Il committee OF Soviet stooges
has appointed itself the gov
eminent of Poland"
Failing 10 bring the legitimate
Polish government In London
10 submission, Moscow is foS-
tering another puppet govern
ment in Poland, as IL has in
Estonia, Lithuania. Bulgaria
and lately in Hungary.
Lately various writers and
commentators have been seri-
ouSly. and / might add naively,
claiming that the government
In London is Just as much a
committee as the Lubhn com
mittee" and that there are
Poles who are vigorously op-
posed 10 II. because II is more
representative of the arlsto-
cratic and land owning interest
than II is Of the peasants"
When one remembers that
our own form OF government
and society is based on legality
and that we deSpise any totali-
tartan form Of government, be
II fascist or communistic. il is
rather astonishing 70 read such
statements.
The London Polish govern
ment Is a legitimate, conSutu-
tional government like our own
American government.
The fact that IL is IN exile
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08

profits a substantial part be
given back TO the Detroit Edi-
son Co. TO cover the added OK.
penSe incident TO bringing into
line the wages, pensions and
benefits 10 all employees of the
company.
Third, that the public be
given the facts. readily obtain
able, in our newspapers so that
they may come TO know these
embryo politicians who persist
in making public utilities the
scapegoat or whipping post TO
the detriment Of public service.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-08
Brain Game

Score 10 for each correct answer thrsugh
question six, 10 each for the remaining TIVE
questions. Any score ss or hirher u en-
oeiient.
lis the capital Of Chile, VAL
paraiso or Santiago?
2-True or false: More than $50
small islands comprise the
Bermuda group.
By what name is the
women's international tennis
trophy known?
1.-The poem rhine OF the An
cient Mariner" was written
by; (a) Coleridge, Cbj Words
worth, (c) Byron.
Sin the nursery rhyme what
calamity befell the Three
Little Kittens after they lost
and then found their nit.
tens?
6-Unscramble the following:
Encyclopaedia" Voltaires
lie Marriage de Figaro
Rousseau; Confessions"
Saint-Simon: "Candide,-
Beaumarchais: Memories
Diderot.
The name of the capital Of
Ethiopia.
Sin cricket what Is the player
called who would correspond
to the pitcher in baseball?
ANSWERS on opposite psge}