davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-25
BY ED BRAND
Times Photo

BY ED BRAND
Balloting on the nationwide
General Motors strike vote started
today with the National Labor
Relations Board spending 1885, 900
Of the taxpayers money on an
election that vii! amount to abso-
lutely nothing
Voting was light at all booths
this morning. UnioniSts evidenced
little interest as the outcome will
have no legal bearing on the ulti-
mate decision TO strike. In ad-
diuon. the workers must vote on
their own time and polling places,
in many instances arc Ear re-
moved from their h o IN S and
places of employment.
Frank l.. Bowen. regional direc-
tor for the NLRB, agreed with
management and the union that
it is "one of the most useless and
wanton expenditures Of public
funds in labor history"
SQUELCHFS RUMoRs
II each Of the $4,000 GM en-
ployes eligible to vote casts his
ballot TO-DAY it will still cost the
taxpayers more than S110 each
II the S3S5,000 expense estimate
made by the NLRB is correct. II
all workers don't vote the cost
per ballot will be greatly in
creased.
( Rumors 10 the effect that wild
cat strikes will break out in GM
plants after today's voting were
squelched by Walter P. Reuther.
+ UAW-CIO vice president in charge
/ of the unions GM division, at a
press conference last night.
BRANDS QUESTION SILLY
Each UAW-CIC unit In the
various GM plants has been
specifically instructed not TO
engage I'm nor condOne prema-
ture walkouts after the strike
vote" Rcuther said.
Today'S vote is being held in
accordance with provisions Of the
Continued on Page ?, Col. 81
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-25

REPORT FROM WASHINGTON - Mayor
Jtfiriet, wJR, $40 This Eycning - Adv.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-25

RulSNnE, afCn-tTditOr whose name
became synonymous with col.
liberation, was executed carly
today by Norwegian firing
squad
Death came 10 Quishnc puppet
premier of Norway during the
Nazi occupation. al 2:40 a. m.
when an execution squad carried
out the sentence imposed by
special court which found him
guilty Of treason.
PAVED WAY FOR NAZIS
The onetine Norwegian army
major was found guilty of having
prepared tho way for the Ger
man invasion of his country, as
well as having committed other
crimes. lie was convicted Of
-ka--E--Lo2n-! -!ESt Sl.sI.e4.t--. = -
deaths Of thousands Of Nor
wegian Jews and Of having
looted King Haakon's palace.
The execution was carried out
after two unsuccessful appeals.
An appeal Of the death sentence
was first denied by the supreme
court.
Yesterday. King Haakon sitting
with his cs met. refused the ap-
peal Of Ms QuislIng for a re-
prieve.
The monarch ordered tho SEN
tence carried out this morning.
Norwegian embassies were noti-
Tfed by cable when the execution
was carried out
LOOTED PALACE
Witnesses az QuiSlnC's trial
testified that valuable furniture,
objects Of art and other items
were removed .from tho royal
palace and from other public
buildings, and used 10 furnish
QuislInc private residence.
Quisling. who became hysteriCal
and broke down several times
during the trIal. sought TO cstab-
llsh the claim that he was acting
in the best interests OF Norway
and insisted that history would
prove him a patriot
Evening star., 1945-04-23

any widespread doubt that the basis
upon which compromise was reached
would be meticulously maintained by
all
But of late there have been serious
doubts. They have arisen out of num-
erous facts and incidents. Loyal de-
termination not to let these rock the
boat is expressed in the reticence of the
press to publiciZe them at all. or if that
is unavoidable, to its efforts to play
down these doubts. But they are widely
known and are cause of concern more
often voiced privately than publicly
The British people as a whole, judg-
ing from their spokesmen from left to
right, believe that Yalta contained all
the concessions that could be made on
the Polish question. The issue was
freedom and independence of an en-
larged provisional Polish government,
and the assurance that it would be
formed in consultation with British
and American Ambassadors to Moscow.
~
But by April 20, it was no longer pos
sible to conceal the fact that numerous
representatives of Polish political par
ties, including the vice premier of the
Zankowski; the commander in chief of
the dissolved Polish home army. Gen.
Okulicki, and the president of the
Polish underground parliament, CAST
mir Puzak, who had revealed them
selves to the Soviet military under in
struction from London and had left to
consult with the Soviet authorities on
March q, have not been heard from
since and their whereabouts as we'll as
that of the Polish peasant leader,
Wincenty Witos, who later was invited
to join them, is unknown not only to
the government in London but to the
British and American representatives
in Moscow.
The fact that they actually are in
consultation with the Russians was con-
firmed here only by the British Com
munist Organ, The Daily Worker. Also.
Stanislaw Mikola jczyk's unqualified offer
of collaboration has been officially
ignored by Moscow while rejected here
by The Daily Worker. There is no tend
ency here to presume there has been
any breach of faith. but that the pro-
cedure is remarkable cannot be gain
said.
Evening star., 1945-04-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

Russia's Foreign Commissar vyache-
slav Molotov arrived in Warrington
yesterday on his way to San Francisco,
where, in response to President Tru-
mans pressing request, he will head
the Soviet delegation at the world
security conference.
The veteran Russian diplomat, who
has guided the Soviets' foreign affairs
since the late spring Of 1899, will have
at least one and probably more talks
with Mr.. Truman in order to clear up
whatever misunderstanding or mis-
conceptions about the Yalta agreements
still exist. :
When the negotiators at the Crimea
Conference returned to their homes, the
agreements they brought back were
hailed with enthusiasm because 1t was
believed that the last misunderstanding
among the Big Three had been finally
settled and the work Of the conferees
for world security organization would
thus be greatly facilitated.
Unfortunately within two months it
became obvious that some of the mat
ters which were regarded as settled were
still open for discussion. Among these
was the agreement regarding the for
nation of a representative Polish gov
ernment which received in Moscow
different Interpretation from that re-
ceived in Washington and London.
~ Il X
AS things stand now, there are two
interpretations regarding the question
OF Poland's national government. The
Russian view is that at Yalta 1t was
decided to maintain the Lublin COM
mittee which would come to San Fran
cisco after the addition of number
OF outsiders" acceptable to Premier
Stain. The American British interpre-
tation is that the Lublin committee
must make room for a new government
OF National Unity which, of course,
would include some or most of the
members of the Lublin committee but
should be headed by some one accept
able to the three major powers. This
would be only temporary government
until the situation in Poland warranted
new elections when a real representa-
tive government could be formed.
These two interpretations, which on
the surface do not appear far apart are,
Evening star., 1945-04-23
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

LONDON.-The passing of President
Roosevelt has cast lean, long shadow
here as at home. And for reasons more
Immediately observable, London still is
the focal point for small Allied Euro
pean countries.
In Roosevelt, as In Churchill, they
felt they had a powerful defender who
however he might recognize the needs
for adjustment and change, would
manage to keep both within the frame
work Of established and agreed upon
principles. If they placed even greater
confidence in Roosevelt, it was because
they believed his relations with Stain
and the Soviet Union were the result
Of answering, patient determination to
forge solid structure of world power
on the side os lasting peace, and were
perhaps firmer than those of Britain as
the actual power of the United States
is greater-greater at this moment than
the combined power of Britain and the
Soviet Union, the United States, in
purely material terms, possessing more
than half the economic power of the
entire globe.
1t was therefore argued that Roose-
welt, who, above all other world figures
anu Ill QlSIeSdTQ Oh relative StTenGIn
or prestige, had done the most to
cement ties between the western pow
ers and the Soviets, could also do the
most to resolve their difficulties as they
might arise and resolve them in a
manner acceptable to all.
The burden upon his successor would
be tremendous in any case, for the very
reason that his attitude of goodwill
could not be so firmly established in
the minds of all countries. This con-
fdence in Roosevelt waxed as rela-
tions since Yalta waned. The Yalta
agreement was accepted here, after
long and very thorough debate on an
exceptionally high level, on the pre-
sumption that every point in it repre-
sented genuine agreement not open to
divergent interpretations by any one of
the Big Three. Roosevelt, more than
Churchill, presented it openly as a
compromise in which all three had to
make concessions for the greater objec-
tive. namely that solidarity among the
three great powers upon which future
peace and reconstruction so obviously
depend Nor, until recently, was there
Evening star., 1945-04-23
Berlin at Lost

The long and bloody road to Ber-
lin has at last been Travelled in full.
Hardly more than two years ago,
with Hitler's legions in Stalingrad
and at the gates of Alexandria and
Suez, only men of strong faith could
be sure that this day would ever
come. And now the day is here
the great day when "the massed an
gered forces of common humanity"
can witness the final shattering of
the heart and nerve center of Nazi-
dom.
Presumably it was agreed at Yalta
that the Red Army should have the
honor of being the first of the Allies
to smash into the blackened German
capital. One reason for this might
well have been the consideration
that the city could be taken more
efficiently by the operations of a
single ally rather than by joint
drive requiring the complex co-ordi-
nation OF forces which heretofore
have not fought together tactically.
Symbolically, moreover, 1t seems fit-
ting that the Russians, who have
seen their land laid waste and who
have paid out rivers Of blood to
drive back the invader 1000 miles
from Moscow, should lead the way
into Berlin.
But since the great Allies share
equally in the credit for the catas-
trophe now engulfing Germany as
a whole, the honor accorded the Red
Army-and 1t is not an easy honor,
but an honor involving heavy fight
ing and the loss of more Russian
lives-does not take anything away
from the glory of American or Brit
ish arms, or the arms Of any other
of the United Nations in the field.
The important thing is not who has
entered Berlin first, but the fact that
Berlin has been entered. This is the
fact that symbolizes, as nothing else
could, the overall disintegration of
the Nazis, marking that moment
when they themselves must say
allies kaput," "all is finished"
The fighting is not at an end, of
course, but the Red Army's drive
into Berlin must make it clear to
even the most fanatical of Hitler's
followers that resistance from this
point on can be little more than
suicide. Not only is the capital in
vaded, but somewhere south of 1t
American and Russian forces will be
joined at any moment, and all of
the Reich will be split completely in
two. In the pockets of Holland, the
Baltic and North Sea ports, Den
mark, Norway and the mountains of
Bavaria and Austria, the Nazis may
still hold out for a while, but their
end is fixed and certain. They are
cut off, isolated, pinned down, held
in a trap for the killing, and there
is nothing that can save them.
First Rome, now Berlin and next
Tokyo. The free nations of the world
have travelled very far, indeed, since
the Axis first conspired against
them.
Evening star., 1945-04-23

however, stumbling block which may
make Polands participation at the San
Francisco conference impossible.
According to those close to President
Truman, the American government does
not appear in yielding mood and the
London government is said to be in the
same frame of mind. British Foreign
Secretary Eden, who has been In Wash
ington for 10 days and has spent much
time contracting American political figures
Of both parties, is reported to have made
his governments position quite clear.
Britain has gone to war with Germany
to save Poland. The Polish government in
exile has been offered haven in London
and Poles are fighting with the Allies
loyalty on land, sea and in the air.
Il
The Polish government in exile and
the army under its control have fulfilled
all the obligations as member Of the
United Nations. So long as there was
a question of personalities in the govern
ment planned at Yalta the British gov
eminent was willing to exercise its in
f1uence to persuade the government in
exile to make room for another govern
ment in Warsaw provided that govern
iiiCiiI was CoilpOScu VI representative
elements Of all the democratic parties
In the country. But the British govern
ment does not feel that it is compatible
with its solemn pledges to underwrite an
administration such as exists today
which must be regarded as a mere
"puppet government"
The American point OF view is not
much different from that which is said
to have been expressed by Mr.. Eden.
What instructions have been given to
Mr.. Molotov by Premier Stain are not
known at this time. But it is hoped that
Mr.. Molotov will be in a conciliatory
mood and will realize that Russia's
major Allies wish to give all possible as
sistance to his country to guarantee her
borders against any future aggression.
In the meantime, it is hoped he will
understand that the Interpretation
placed on the Yalta agreements by our
late President and Mr. Churchill must
stand. 1t would be unfortunate indeed
If the San Francisco conference opened
under a cloud resulting from a mis-
understanding as to the meaning of the
Crimea agreement.
Evening star., 1945-04-23
Shakespeare in Washington

The annual birthday anniversary
of William Shakespeare means more
in Washington than it does in the
generality of cities because of the
location of the Folger Library here.
But it is we'll to remember that
Henry and Emily Folger placed their
treasures in the Nations Capital by
conscious and deliberate intent. At
different times during the years of
their collecting of Shakespeareana
they considered many other places.
1t was suggested to them that STRAIT
ford-on-Avon, the poets home town
in pleasant Warwickshire. would be
the natural site for such a monu-
ment to him as they contemplated.
Amherst, Massachusetts,. where Mr..
Folger was educated, had claim
upon their attention which they
could not deny-a claim which, in
deed, they admitted when they
named the trustees of Amherst Col
lege the custodians of their gift.
Still other suggestions favored Cam
bridge and New Haven, where asso-
citation with Harvard and Yale un-
doubtedly would have been con-
structive, cultural relation. New
York City, with it's scores of theaters
rejecting the undying influence OF
the greatest of dramatists, likewise
was taken into account.
When the time came for the final
decision, however, it was Washington
that was chosen. The Folgers
wanted their library built and fur
nished and maintained in day-to-
day operation close to the Library
of Congress. as the largest biblio-
graphic establishment in the world,
and close to Congress itself. as the
most important legislative body on
earth. Yet. Enthusiastically, they
provided for the independence of
their endowment; and, with equal
concern for its integrity. Congress
agreed with them that it always
should be free OF any taint of politi-
cal control.
This procedure has been fruitful.
The Folger Library today is twice as
rich in precious books and manu-
scripts, pictures and other relics of
the age Of Shakespeare as it was
when its doors originally were
opened thirteen years ago. It's con-
tents have multiplied and will con-
tinue to multiply in harmony with
a policy Of systematic expansion.
The work of development may be
done quietly and without q vast
throng oftpeople being aware OF it,
Evening star., 1945-04-23
Insult to Injury

IL is perIecIly natural ana wholly
understandable that Marylands
two distinguished Senators, Tydings
and Radcliffe, should desire the Sc
lection of a Marylander as the re-
cipient of that delectable political
plum known formally by the title of
United States marshal for the Dis
trict of Columbia. It is not a posi-
ton which offers any serious OBJ
stacle to the incumbent in the way
Of exacting duties which interfere
with his legitimate advertisement
in the field of politics. 1t is reserved
for faithful workers in the vineyard
and is a highly priced relic of the
political spokesman, paying a gen.
erous salary and requiring in return
little work.
But for the Attorney General of
the United States to send repre-
sentative to the hearings on this
nomination to testify that there
was mo purpose" in going outside
the District Of Columbia to find a
man except for the unfortunate
fact that no qualified candidate
from the District was found-that
is adding insult to injury. 1t is also
a form of disingenuous testimony
which fools nobody. 1t is, In fact,
none-too- polite method of telling
the citizens of Washington, and es-
pecially the local political organi-
zation workers, to 60 roll hoop
that they are political outcasts
themselves and have no valid right
to ask for any consideration what
Soever.
The nominee, receiving the unani-
nous Endorsement of the Senate
Judiciary Committees subcommit-
tee, is undoubtedly Maryland
gentleman, bearing a fine Southern
Maryland name, who may be ex-
pected to serve with credit to his
sponsors in meeting the grueling
responsibilities of this political job.
But until Washingtonians win the
status of bona flde, voting citizens
of the United States they may ex-
pect their interests to be neglected
whenever they come in conflict with
those who enjoy the right to speak
for themselves.
Evening star., 1945-04-23
Alliance Against War
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, April 23.-This is
not place in which one writes readily
about the progress of the war. 1t isn't
that war information Is not available.
The same news services operate here as
in New York or Washington. Their
tickers rattle out the same words at the
same moment they are printing them
elsewhere. Any one that reporter
may wish to talk to is just as much
within reach of the telephone here in a
San Francisco hotel room as he Is of
the telephone on ones desk in New
York.
Yet it is not easy to write anything
one writes about what is happening
right here. That is because what is
happening here seems so much more
important than anything else that has
happened in the world for long time.
It Is also because one feels that the
plans which are going to be made here
prayers of little people all over the
world which are centered on this place
and on the men and women who are
meeting here, will not be disappointed.
Not that the task before the delegates
San Francisco will be an easy task. It
is far from that. It is, in fact, an in
credibly complicated and difficult task.
Perhaps its fundamental difficulty is
that 1t involves an absolute contradic-
ton: How shall sovereign states submit
to common law, and yet remain sover-
eign and independent?
X X X X
There are some who, rejecting on this
difficulty, have arrived at the cynical
conclusion that 1t is only the little
nations which are going to have to sub
init to law, while the great powers retain
complete independence Of action. The
great powers are accused Of desiring to
dominate" the lesser countries.
It seems to me that this is an over
simplification of the facts. It is per-
fectly true that unity among the great
powers is essential to the success Of this
conference, and to the future peace and
security OF the whole world. If the
great powers, who possess all the military
force worth mentioning In the world can
agree, then there is no other possible
combination Of military strength which
can prevail against them. So the great
powers, and since am speaking Of
military strength, I mean the three
great military powers, Russia, Britain
and the United States-can keep the
peace Of the world just as long as they
are agreed on doing SO. II 1t be said
that the fighting strepgth Of other ma
tions may increase szter while, anu
Evening star., 1945-04-23

a new combination be formed against
them, the answer is that they can by
united action quite easily prevent any
such thing from ever taking place,
should they be and remain so deter
mined.
This is the conception of the future
which leads some men to say that San
Francisco will give birth to nothing
more than a dressed-up military alli-
ance, and to add that, as experience
has shown that military alliances always
dissolve when the danger which brought
them together has been dissipated, so
this alliance will suffer like fate But
the truth is that the danger has not
been dissipated; one danger has merely
given place to another. The German
japanese danger is in course of dissipa-
ton; but new and more terrible dam
ger has taken its place-the danger in
herent in the frightful power of modern
weapons and the methods of warfare
which those weapons make possible.
+
The great powers are still, therefore,
bound together by a common interest
avert only by remaining united against
it. Since the enemy most to be feared
by all is war itself, and since no war
of any consequence can take place unless
one or more of these powers participates
in it, it follows that no great war can
occur as long as all three of them are
determined to prevent one. It likewise
follows that disunity among the big
powers is much more to be feared by
the lesser ones than unity; that the
lesser nations should not oppose, but
should ardently support and do all with
in their power to promote that unity,
which, while it endures guarantees them
against the terrors of war. But that
does not mean that they are going to be
dominated, ruled, or oppressed by the
big powers.
It is on that point that the cynics
seem to me to be wrong, for this is in
fact an alliance against war itself that
we are building; but 1t is an alliance
whose architects obviously perceive from
the very beginning that 1t must COM
mand the support and confidence, not
merely OF three governments, or three
peoples, but Of all peace loving govern
ments and peoples everywhere
The outward and visible signs Of this
understanding Is here In San Francisco,
where at the invitation Of the great
powers, who have reached certain pre-
liminary and necessary understanding
embodied In the Dumbarton Oaks pro-
posals, the representatives Of 46 nations,
great and small, are gathering.
tcopyrisht, 1e45)