davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-31

it has already been determined that
the defensive arrangements against air
attack are defective? This is something
which cannot be explained away
But before we heap too much blame
on any individual we might look at the
underlying cause.-the reasons for the
caution and even hesitance which, in
194l and for years previous, every Army
and Navy officer, and particularly those
of high rank, approached any departure
from routine or considered any action
which could not be directly supported
by clear, unequivocal orders from high
er authority.
For this condition. this sitting of
initiative, this placing of a premium
upon routine, the real responsibility
lies with the people of the United States.
We did not want war. We did not want
to talk about war, and particularly we
became indignant when any one in
uniform did or said anything which
even suggested the possibility that there
someday be a war. This state of the
public mind was communicative; it
affected the policies of the administra-
ton because of its political connota-
tions; it made the highest civil officers
of the Government very careful what
they said and strictly censorious to-
ward their military and naval subordi-
mates.
Once again can give an example of
what I mean:
In April. 1910, Rear Admiral j. K.
Taussig, U. S. N, was called as a wit
ness before the Senate Naval Affairs
Committee. He gave 1t as his opinion
that war with Japan was inevitable,
that the Japanese were planning the
complete domination of the Far East,
that they intended, as soon as a favor
able opportunity arose, to undertake
the conquest Of the Philippines, Malaga
and the Netherlands Indies, and that
We should without delay undertake the
enlargement of the fleet and the de-
fenses OF Guam and the Philippines.
For this he was bitterly castigated on
the floor of Congress and in the press.
There is good reason to believe that
President Roosevelt was much upset
about the matter and contemplated
severe disciplinary action against Ad-
miral Taussig.
Now this-and 1t is, of course, but a
single instances due to a national
frame Of mind. It Is, in the last analy-
sis, responsibility Of the whole of our
citizenry.
tcopyrisht. 1e4SJ
Evening star., 1945-08-31
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brown

The release of the Pearl Harbor re-
port by the War and Navy Departments
provides the American people with only
the first installment regarding the
causes of the greatest tragedy in the
military history of the United States.
The second installment, which must
be considered far more important from
the point of view that the mistakes and
blunders Of the past should provide
lessons for the future is not even being
prepared. 1t concerns the diplomatic
activities Of the Government in 1910 and
in 194l up to December.
There have been a number of officials
and unofficial white Books" purporting
to give the documentary history of
Americas international dealings, par
ticularly with the Axis governments. But
they contain only expurgated documents
which give only hazy picture Of what
was being done behind the scenes of
international diplomacy.
The full documentary truth is still
kept in safes and unless forced by some
indiscreet and unauthorized revelation
is likely to be kept from the American
public. Shreds OF this tragic story are
known to some people in this country.
And it is said currently in Army and
Navy circles in Washington that the
Pearl Harbor report was issued last
Wednesday because there have been
indications that chain of newspapers
was ready to publish portions OF the
inside story which preceded the Jap
anese attack
The joint Army and Navy report places
certain heavy responsibilities not only
on the commanders in Hawaii but also
on their immediate supervisors in Wash
ington, Gen. George c. Marshall and
Admiral Harold Stark.
Because OF the superb Job done by the
Armys chief of staff after Pearl Harbor
War Secretary Stimson decided to use
his high office and disagree with the
Army boards conclusions regarding Gen
Marshall
Secretary Stimson pointed out that
the principal responsibility of the chief
his Secretary of War on major prob
lens. 1T is not the function of the
chief OF staff" Mr. Stimson stated,
specifically to direct and personally
supervise the execution in detail of the
duties OF the various sections of the
general staff" This is unquestionably
true, but the Secretary of War obvious
ly had overlooked the fact that before
December 7, 1941, Gen. Marshall had
a dual role-he was chief of staff of
the United States Army and also COM
mander in chief of the Army of the
United States and the security of both
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Wants Secretary of Peace

wants secretary OF Peace
To the Editor of The Star:
Japans surrender brings an entire
world face to face with the greatest
challenge of all time-the momentous
opportunity to build for an enduring
peace.
Just how are We to achieve this tre-
mendous goal? There are many prac-
tical ways open right now and one OF
the recognized ''frsts" is to re-educate
for peace.
Already men Of vision, realizing the
need for such fundamental education
have come to the fore with constructive
ideas-the effects of which will be
positive and far-reaching.
One of these is the plan to create the
post of secretary of peace Such plan
was formulated in 1896 by DR. Frederick
Kettner, educator writer and founder
of the Biosophical Institute of New
York, He proposed the establishment
OF secretary of peace post in America
and the formation of league of secre-
taries of peace representing the entire
civilized world
We have Secretary of War. Is it
not high time for us to have a secretary
of peace as well? Do we want the new
world which now emerges from the
chaos of man made war to be grounded
on fear-the fear Of destruction by
future atomic bombings? Such fearful
peace cannot possibly last.
A recent bill proposed by Senator
Wiley also suggests the establishment OF
a secretary of peace post. This bill is
how in committee and Its passage by
Congress would provide one Of the prac-
tical solutions which will make America
pioneer of peace-a beacon to war
saddened world. BLANCHE FREUND,
Chairman, Secretary Of Peace Com
mittee.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
The Limit
Prom the Baltimore Sun.

Iotft bdIIl1t0Ie sun,
Nearly every one who has watched the
growth OF our public debt, both d,,ring
the depression and during the vor
knows that it has very nearly reached
the limit. BY limit we mean the h,,rde.
which our economy can carry and stiii
remain free economy. Obviously II
our object is to make every one the s,svs
OF the state, working under condit;o,s
imposed by the state and for waoas
decreed by the state, then the STATE csn
spend as much or as little of the nrod.
uct OF the work of its slave workers q.
II may decide. But If we are Rot n he
slave workers. If the product NJ o,,r toiI
is to be given us for use as we mil +hen
there has to be some limit on The mo- nro.
portion of 1t which the state shall tax.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Letters to The Star
Ex.Minister Counselor Discusses
Teschen Territory Dispute


To the Editor of The Star:
I should like to draw your attention
to one incorrect statement in the
interesting letter of DR.. Fritz Klein in
the August 81 Star. He says that the
Russians have allowed the Poles to oc-
cupy the region of Teschen which was
Czechoslovak property This is incorrect.
In point of fact, when Marshal
Konevs troops occupied Silesia early
this year they Immediately transferred
to the Czech administration the Trans
|. Olzan territory of Teschen Silesia, COM
posed of two mining districts, Frysztat
and Bogumin, and disputed between
Poland and Czechoslovakia. These two
districts are inhabited mostly by Poles;
they used to elect three Polish Deputies
to the Prague Parliament. Incorporated
into Czechoslovakia in 1921, they were
ceded by the Benes government to
Poland in October, 1888. A year later
Hitler annexed them to the Reich.
Since the re-establishment of the
Czech authority in the disputed area
many outrages. according to the Polish
press, have been committed by the
Czechs against the autochthonous Polish
population which for some time was
even threatened with mass expulsion
across the Olza River to Poland. The
local atmosphere is one of acute tension
and Polish -Czechoslovak relations once
again have become acrimonious.
1t would be highly desirable If in con-
sultation with the parties of the dispute
the September London meeting of the
Foreign Ministers of the Big Five could
in all fairness settle the sexed question
of Trans-Olzan Silesia by drawing new
and final compromise frontier, and if
subsequently such small national mi
norities which would remain on both
sides of the new frontier could be ex-
changed between Czechoslovakia and
Poland the bone of contention which for
some SO years has been envenoming the
relations between the two otherwise
friendly nations will then disappear for
ever
I should be very grateful If you were
so kind as to publish my letter in your
paper, the impartiality of which often
admire. JAN WSZELAKI,
Former Minister Counselor of the Pol
ish Embassy.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Unwurrunted Rebukes

III is TeSTeGIdDle IlldG Gllt cnol to
of President Truman and Secretary
of War Stimson to defend General
Marshall and former Secretary of
State Hull against criticisms in the
Pearl Harbor report should have
taken the form of rebuke to the
Armys board of inquiry. For the
fact is that the three members of
that board, far from being legiti-
mately subject to criticism, have
rendered a signal public service for
which they deserve the fullest COM
mendation.
This does not imply the slightest
belief that either General Marshall
or Mr.. Hull was guilty of negligence
which merits censure On the con-
trary, The Star believes that both
men, on the whole record, acquitted
themselves with distinction. Never
theless, certain things that were
done and left undone in Washing
ton contributed to the disaster
which occurred at Pearl Harbor, and
in justice to the officers who have
been held primarily responsible, and
in fairness to the people of this
country, there ought to be no failure
to specify wherein any act by Cen
eral Marshall, Mr.. Hull or any one
else helped to make possible the dis
of 10d1
The report of the Army board does
precisely this, and it is significant
that, despite the rebukes which have
been administered, there is no chal-
lenge of any finding of fact or
statement of fact in the report.
There cannot be too much emphasis
IN asserting that the members of
the board have not sought to
smear" any one. All that they have
done-and they have done it very
well. indeed-is to ascertain and re-
port the facts without regard to
personalities or position The au-
thors of the report might have tried
U1Olll6I
officers or the errors of judgment
by persons in high places. That
they have not done so is greatly to
their credit, and it should be rec
ognized that frank and full dis
closures such as this are good for
the country.
In the words Of the report, this
Is the spirit in which the board ap-
preached It's task: THE board is
Impressed with the absolute neces-
sity of considering the conduct of
all responsible officers in the light
OF the situation as it existed in
November and early December, 1941.
1t was a case of intelligent men ar
irving at the best decision possible
with all the facts that were before
them. This is the basis for success
full procedure in either military or
civil affairs. In both of these fields
occasional mistakes are made not
withstanding that such principles
are followed Such was the case
at Pearl Harbor."
II the President and the Secretary
OF War disagree with some of the
conclusions reached, they have the
right to say so and they should say
so. But care should be taken not
to say 1t In way which tends to
impair public confidence in men
who have discharged a distasteful
responsibility creditably and in
fine spirit of devotion to duty.
Evening star., 1945-08-31

and this country today might wei
be at the mercy of the triumphant
Axis powers, and these powers-not
we-might be the holders of the
secret of the atomic bomb.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Urges Release of Specialists


To the Editor of The Star:
One of the issues which should be
considered amongst the complaints
against the Nays discharge system Is
the one involving men in the Medical
Corps.
Although the need for doctors, nurses
and corpsmen is great, there is a group
of men in the Medical Corps assigned
to specialist jobs as artists, photog-
raphers and similar work not directly
pertaining to the administrative side of
medicine. The overall percentage of
medical men eligible under the point
system must be small, and certainly
there would be few in the specialists
group. Therefore these men should
receive consideration. Then If their work
individually is considered essential they
should be retained. II not they should
be permitted to return to civilian life.
Certainly those who merit discharge
should be given chance. The "freez-
ing" Of a group of men without
any attention being given to the i'm
portance of the individual, the posi-
bility Of replacement and the circum-
stances for which q man received points
u very unfair. MRS. e. p.
Evening star., 1945-08-31
Pedestrian Worm Turns

To the Editor OF The Star
Being exposed to endless traffic haz-
ards along Florida avenue Northeast by
day and by night, where drivers of
trucks, buses and passenger cars race
from the intersection at Twelfth street
to the crazy-quilt crossing at Fifteenth
and Bladensburg road and vice versa,
may ask whether the pedestrian has
the right Of way at any crosswalk from
Twelfth to Fifteenth street?
understood that the first rule in
the traffic book provided that the un-
fortunate afoot was guarded at all
points not controlled by lights or super
vised by the heroic and eagle-eyed blue
coats who pursue unwary citizens on H
street and fine them for walking against
the red light while ignoring demon
drivers who cut corners on high, defy
the caution signal, blow horns after
turning and rush away with sneers or
jeers or insane laughter
This area from Twelfth to Fifteenth
street on Florida is a speedway with
vehicles weaving In and out at exceed
ingly high speeds. The police may not
know it because they rarely are in the
neighborhood. But the unfortunate
residents of this area haven't China
mans chance of crossing at any walk
without hopping, skipping and jumping
from curb to curb.
How about little action, maximum
fines and nice, long terms in the jail
house for speed nuts and other brutes
who imagine their drivers permits and
tags give them the right absolute to the
roadway? ELIZABETH B. HURLEY.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Suit for Damages
is Ordered Retired

The United States Court of Ap-
peals yesterday reversed and sent
back to District Court for retrial a
damage suit brought by Miss Doris
E. Deffebach, a Government en-
ploye, against Lansburgh g. Bro, be-
cause of burns received by her when
a robe purchased from the COM
pany's store caught fire.
District Court had ordered a di-
rected verdict in favor of Lansburg
& Bro, on the theory the corpora
ton was not responsible "as to the
fitness of the garment to be worn as
a robe" The appellate court in its
decision said however, that the jury
should have been instructed that if
the robe caught fire and burned as
the witness testified, there was a
breach Of implied warranty of fit
ness"
At the trial it was testified the
robe caught fire when Miss Dif1e-
bach waved or famed a match
after lighting a cigarette" and that
it burned with great rapidity," the
appellate court related.
Commenting further. the. appel
late court declared: Since outer
garments intended for domestic
wear are not unlikely to come into
momentary contact with lighted
matches. tobacco, or stoves, it
seems to us clear that a robe which
when this contact occurs, instantly
bursts Into fame and inflicts severe
injury is unreasonably dangerous
and unfit for USE"
According to the suit, Miss Deffe-
bach was burned in January, 1912.
In November, 1943. there was a YER
dict returned in behalf of the de-
fendant, but new trial was granted.
Last October at the second,trial Dis
trict Court ordered a directed YER
dict for Lansburgh e. Bro.
Miss Deffebach is represented by
Attorneys Francis J. Kelly and Cor
nelius H. Doherty.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
3 Russians Kill Selves,
i Hurt in POW Riot
Against Repatriation
BY the Associated Press.


FORT DIX, N. j., June 30.-Three
Russians captured fighting with the
German Army committed suicide
and seven others were wounded by
gunflre yesterday as American SOL
diers with submachineguns, car
blnes and tear gas, broke up a riot
staged in a prisoner of war COM
pound here.
Maj George R. Paul, camp pub
lie relations officer. said 154 Russian.
born prisoners participated in the
riot protest against repatriation in
accordance with the Yalta agree
ment for reciprocal exchange Of
Soviet and United States citizens.
Driven from their barracks by tear
gas, the rioters charged an Amer
lean soldier guard unit with mess
kit knives and clubs improvised from
furniture, injuring three Americans.
A prisoner was hurt as he tried to
scale wall of the compound.
The prisoners wounded when the
guards opened fire are in the camp
hospital. The suicides. found hang
ing from rafters after their half.
hour-long riot had been quelled,
were identified by Maj. Paul as
ID 1t. Scoktist Kalinin, I'd 1t.
Ignaz Masarenko and Pvt. Philip
Stotow.
Maj. Paul said the remainder Of
the group were started on their
return voyage later in the day.
Evening star., 1945-06-30

Mr.. Coles work dates to 1902. He
had much to do with introducing
durum wheat to regions where 1t
now Is widely grown and discovering
wheats resistant to black stem rust.
He authored publications on crop
rotations, tillage methods and meth
ods to control soil blowing. Born in
New York State but removed to
Dakota Territory as a youth, he OBJ
tanned a B. s. degree from South
Dakota State College.
Mr.. Hastings has carried on
research In irrigation and supervised
investigations at Government field
stations from Canada to Mexico
Except for eight years as a ranch
manager in Arizona, he has served
IN the department since 1908.
Born at Waterford, VT, in 1879
Mr.. Hastings was graduated from st
Johnsbury Academy in that State
He now plans to make his home In
Southern California.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Truman Urged TO Delay
Polish Regime RECOGNITION

The Polish American Congress.
claiming to represent 5000, 900
Americans Of Polish descent, made
public today telegram to President
Truman urging that the United
States postpone recognition of the
new Polish national unity" govern
ment formed after conversations in
Moscow.
A "declaration' adopted by the
group last night at the end of a
two-day meeting here asserted that
the government created in Moscow
has all the earmarks of a conspiracy
to frustrate" the Yalta agreement
for establishment of a democratic
Polish government. Charging that
the Warsaw group was dominated
by Communists. the declaration said
a representative government can be
set up in Poland only by the Polish
people after withdrawal of the
Soviet Armies and Soviet political
police.
1t added that the Polish American
Congress would continue to regard
the exiled Polish government in
London as the only legal govern
ment of Poland.
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Noisy Welcome Giver
1850 Returning
On Queen Elizabeth
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 30.-New York
Harbor went wild yesterday, giving
thunderous welcome to 1850
soldiers and sailors crowded aboard
the largest liner in the world, the
Queen Elizabeth.
All harbor craft and the rusty
war-battered freighters anchored in
the bay saluted the great ship with
three blasts of their whistles-and
the majestic Queen returned each
salute with her own deep-throated
e. boats crossing the harbor
~ ,ked with wives and mothers
wavA1 and weeping as they
watched the return of their men.
The newly painted ship, built to
carry 2,4O0 in peacetime, docked at
Pier 80 opposite midtown Man.
haitian and the long process of de-
barkation began.
Seven civilian passengers were
aboard the vessel, including Prin-
cess Juliana of the Netherlands
and Senators Russell, Democrat, OF
Georgia and Maybank. Democrat
of South Carolina and Representa-
tives Earhman, Democrat, of Ten
nessee and Cooley, Democrat, OF
North Carolina.
Another passenger was the only
Evening star., 1945-06-30
Supporters Of Charter
Prepare 10 Fight Off
ANY Amendments
BY the Associated Press.

Supporters gathered their
forces today to resist any
amendment of the United Ma
tions Charter as the Senate For
eign Relations Committee met
to fix a date for hearings on the
treaty.
Senator Taft. Republican, of Ohio
is insisting thai the power of the
American delegate on the security
council should be defined in the
ratification resolution. Senator
George, Democrat, of Georgia pro-
poses delaying decision on this
issue until negotiations begin on the
American forces to be made avail
able to the international organiza-
ton to help keep future peace.
Senator George told reporter any
condition written into the ratiflca-
ton resolution could only be re-
garded by other nations as an in
direct amendment of the Charter
He expressed fear that such a move
would spawn similar proposals by
many of the signatory powers.
In Effect an Amendment.
'If we attempt to say in ratifying
the Charter how our representa-
tive on the council shall vote, we are
in effect amending the procedure
agreed upon, at San Francisco" he
said.
Chairman Connally of the For
eign Relations Committee also op-
posed Senator Taft's suggestion. But
he wants the powers of the delegate
defined in separate legislation set
ting up the office, fixing it's salary
and providing method of appoint
ment.
AS the Charter now stands, the
United States, Britain, Russia,
China and France, plus two other
members of the 11-member Security
Council, must vote affirmatively be-
fore the body can act to effect either
peaceful settlements of interna-
tional disputes or to use force to
halt aggression.
1t was pointed out that any &C
ton Congress takes toward limit
ing the authority of the American
representative also would affect the
councils authority. For instance,
if the United States representative
were barred from approving use of
American troops in Europe, as some
have suggested, his failure to vote
would prevent action by the coun-
Gil until Congress had decided the
matter.
For that reason, Charter sup
porters are expected to urge that
wide latitude be given the President
to approve at his discretion the use
of at least limited number of
United States troops.
This power he could delegate to
the American representative. Presi-
dent Truman has named Edward r.
Stettinius. jr., former Secretary of
State, to this post.
Republicans, meanwhile, took to
today's Foreign Relations Committee
meeting a minority conference de-
cision in favor of beginning hearings
July 8 and speeding a ratification
vote.
Most Republicans have said they
will SupDOrt the Charter
Evening star., 1945-06-30
SIS Refund Ordered
In Sole of III Doo

Milo Denlinger, operator Of the
Dog Hotel, 1874 Georgia avenue
NV, yesterday was ordered by
Judge John P. Mcmahon, in Small
Claims Court, to refund $25 paid
him for dog allegedly suffering
from distemper when sold
Mrs. Mary j. Robertson, 5000 block
of Jay street NE, testified that
shortly after she bought a cocker
spaniel on March 26, she noticed it
appeared i'll and that it refused the
food prescribed by Denlinger. She
said each time she took 1t back to
the Dog Hotel she was told it
would soon recover and was in
structed she need not take it to a
veterinarian.
When the dogs condition grew
worse, Mrs. Robertson said, she con-
suited a veterinarian who told her
the dog had distemper and would
not recover.