davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
By Maj. Gen. David
Prescott BarrOWS

II is meaningless 10 talk
about present attacks reaching
TO so many miles from these Inn
POrtant cities.
AS long as German strength
covers them, and has 20 ho de-
Ntroycd 10y mighty assaults,
these cities are secure.
TIuS line would br-stroagly
L anchored az its northern
and southern ends, and 1t would
. be short
From the Stottiner ITaT, into
which the Oder flows. 10 Gocr-
lit, close 20 the Bohemian
mountains Is less than 200
miles.
Eisenhower assault front
from klcvc or Arnhclm in Iiol-
land TO the Rhine River north
OF StraSsburg. Is over 300 miles
1t is impossible 10 know how
strong are the German detenScs
on the Oder
The Oder is not a great river
like the NiStula, but for the last
hundred miles OF It's course II
has soft, low banks and rivcrine
marshes that add 10 the diff
CultieS OF its forcing.
II should be clear TO every
one that the armies of Ger
many cannot be defeated by the
armies of the United States
and Great Britain alone
The wchrmacht still out
numbers them at least TWO .tu
one, and has strongly prepared
positions.
The full cooperation. by
simultaneous attack. of the
Russian armies is indispensable
10 German defeat.
And the impedument in this
final attack, at the present mo-
ment, is that the Russian
armies have not sufficiently
cleared tho way and advanced
far enough togmake the nCccS-
Sarv victorious assault
We may assume that this CO.
ordinatcd attack is ono OF the
vital matters considered AZ The
conference of oScVclf,
Churchill and Stain.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
BY WARREN IRWIN
New York Daily Mirror Special Correspondent

the world with large checkbooks, eager
to buy planes. The United States and
England, not yet out Of the disarmament
psychology had nothing TO spare. But
Guering, who had been building up huge
air fleet for Hitler, was in need of some
ready cash and sold the Swiss all the
planes they could handle.
Because Of the very nature OF the
Swiss attitude toward war, one of defense
only with no thoughts of offensive
actions. only fighters we're purchased
T THE same time, equipment for the
~ entire army, soon to reach total of
$4,000, was modernized and factories were
built for the manufacture of medium and
heavy artillery. Backing all of this up vas
the already-established machinery of the Swiss
army, a truly democratic, nonprofessional
peoples army.
The Swiss army is made up Of three
groups: The first line, which guards the
frontiers and includes men from 20 TO 81; the
"landwehr," or second line men from 33 10
40, and the "landsturm," a sort of home guard,
men from Al TO 48.
Every community in Switzerland main
tains an open field rife range. This means
that when the young men come 10 the army
they already arc crack shots.
IF A SWISS youth passes physical eXami-
L nstioH,- he enters the army at 10 for li6
days of tough training, including night pa
trolls and maneuvers twice weekly. Should he
choose the cavalry, the training lasts two
weeks more.
After the training period the recruit is a
n a ha
his home district becomes a civilian once
moIe,-BHt- his rife and equipment 20 with
him and he must take refresher course each
year until he's 2. After that he takes three
week courses every other year until he's 32
and passed into the landwehr.
Growing older now, the soldier takes Al
least two 19-day retrainings until he's 40.
Eventually he passed into the andsturm and
is mobilized for only special occasions. And
from 4S 10 90, he is subject to call only IN
the event Of an invasion.
A DEFENSE Of Switzerland might well be
~ based on single riaemen dotted through
the Alps. Each year, the soldicr-cvan must
pass rife test run on military lines. The
government buys the ammunition of all who
pass these tests but those who fail must
take new training and without pay.
The Swiss version of If is assigned
10 such units as anti-parachutsts, civilian
defense and ambulance groups.
In case Of an emergency, the first men
called out are cover troops expenditures
who will hold the frontier until the full
army, trained each year, races to formation
from homes, fields and factories
Though war seems TO have avoided them
again he "peacefyl Swiss guns in hand
were ready.
Tomorrow - I hree hundred thousand
Swiss soldiers are constantly on duty. The
entire amy-500, 900 men--can be fully mo-
biliZed in two days.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
the War VIGOROUSLY Make the Peace PERMANENTLY Bring Our Boys Home PROMPTLY
Swiss Military Training


The Hearst % such system PRo iDED
nOd uu
tani a. capable adaptation Americas needs
IN articles SW0ftud,
b hOW the Of a
cratic military framing helped peace pe
Eu1p a. sia fQmcSOr itSb Orde
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17

DERNE - The Swiss praise the
ID peace, but pass the ammunition.
And on the day that the Euro
pean war ends, the Swiss army will
celebrate by quietly holding maneu-
vers. The same crack soldiers who
have peered over Alpine crags since
1889 to await an enemy invasion will
remain on guard against any new
aggressor which Europe's present
turmoil may spawn.
For the Swiss who have kept
their tiny borders inviolable since
1893, are far from the passive Shep-
herds they have been painted.
Through one war after another, they
have kept their peace by combina-
ton of clever diplomacy and the
ability to throw well-equipped,
well-trained army into the field at
moments notice.
peaceful Switzerland" has
avoided war, but perhaps only be-
cause every able-bodied Swiss man
has learned well the grim business of
war through universal military
training. And today, with Ameri-
cans debating the pros and cons of
such training, it might be we'll 70
study the story of Swiss peace dur
ing this war.
THE story begins in 1886 when Hitler
L was biting off chunks of Europe by
mere bluff and the world was playing the
ostrichlike game of appeasement- States
men from larger, more powerful nations
made speeches and imposed moral sane
tions But the Swiss went quietly to work.
They we'll knew that the two Simplon
St Gotthard passes which ran through
the Alps and linked Germany with ttafy
were at the same time their Achilles heel
and their best shield. The Nazis were
eager to maintain these rait ties with
Mussolni, and might placate the Swiss.
On the other hand, however, Hitler
might toss away the silk glove of diplo-
macy at any second and simply move IN
on this little nation of 100000 people
EIRST the Swiss let it be known that
i these vital tunnels were mined, that
any overt act by an outsider might bring
on an explosion. Like most of neutral
Switzerland's dealings, this warning was
addressed to no particular foreign power
But Berlin papers did copy.
That was only the beginning of the
big job Though compulsory military
service had been in force since virtually
the Middle Ages, the depression years,
with their curtailment of vital tourist
trade, had battered the little country's
economy. Army equipment was up to
World War | standards, munitions stocks
were all but gone and the air force was a
joke.
Swiss buyers went to the capitals Of
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17

MGh1NAN SGcdulSlllp lilies dIc
"A PROHIBITED by law from
supplementing their surface facili-
ties with commercial aircraft.
If this prohibition continues to
prevail, how can they successfully
compete with the combination sea
and air fleets of Oceanic, Cunard,
White Star, Bank and Pando?
It will not only be in the Pacific
that this obstruction to the postwar
American Merchant Marine will
exist as long as present law prevails.
It will exist on all the interna-
tional trade routes of the world, in
which American facilities are ade-
quate for successful and profitable
operation, but from which they will
be inexorably driven if they are not
allowed to combine sea and air serv
ices on the same basis their foreign
competitors will adopt.
THE most IMPORTANT service
Il Congress can perform to assure
the future of the American Merchant
Marine is to remedy the obvious and
fatal defects of American maritime
law.
If this service is NOT performed,
the old blunders which destroyed the
American Merchant Marine after the
first World War will not only be re-
peated but pyramided.
The danger in this situation is not
in the resourceful and vigorous and
modern competition foreign COM
petitors are capable of offering, but
in the indifference and stupidity of
our own policy.
Congress is to be commended for
a prompt hearing of these facts.
1t can only mean further COM
mendation with prompt remedy of
the obstructive and destructive mari
time policy to which such facts bear
abundant and trustworthy witness.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
KnowIedoe Test

Our sacred honor is 'he
last phrase in the. Dat Us.
Constitution: 'bb BcCiara-
ton Of independence lc)
WsShingtons Farewell Adj
- Dress
2-Cremona, Italy is famous
for its. tai pianos. ,uJ
harps; tC) yiol.ns7
Slow far out of tho per-
pendicular does the Pisa
tower lean. ls) about 10
inches: Cb) about is feet
(sc) about is yards
The cross on the Switzerland
flag is ca red lnJ green.
fcj white
5-A knot is "a measure of Nab
speed tbe weight. cJ
length?
6-Make a choice. tal One ~
these words means uucdu-
Gated ignorant iliitcIatr
IO-C THt DETROIT TIME!
Feb. l945
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

Ch) One Of these words
means more than halt, ma
Iau'y plurality. tcl One Of
those words means 10 offer.
pgTp0rt propose i'd one
of these words I'M cans
G. apablc Of being done.
feasible. plausible. OeD one
Of these words means a Law
stature statutC7
Answers on opposite pageD
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17

EUROPEAN side d develop p
II ments during the confer
ence show better what is afoot
than the announced text of the
result.
All during the meeting. the
Russian press was attacking the
Pope who had correctly defined
the issue i'm Europe as lying be-
tween those who treat people
as the emaSSeS Communists.
NaZiS, all totaltarianS) and
those who recognize the in
dividuality of the human per-
Sonality and the human soul
and It's freedom Not only for
worship but for politics, in
literature, art and all living. The
Russians attack only whom
they fear. The papal statement
of the case Of democracy was
enough TO bring down upon him
the Red press accusation of
Fascist and worse.
Equally significant, CLOS Sid
ney Hillman cleared with the
Russian, NJ. KuSnetsov, repre-
Senting 100000 Rcd workers,
a plan for an international or
ganizatiOn Of trade unions,
which would tie the Go I'M
with the Soviet Union for an
international federation of trade
unions The wise old AFL.,
which does not like Communists
as much ms Sidney does, was
not present
Mr.. ooScvo then has
started a now battle and won
an opportunity not a victory.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
Combined Air-Sea Service

The point in all this that Ameri-
can shipping interests will empha-
size in the course of the forthcoming
congressional hearings is that exist
ing American maritime law does not
permit them to MEET this kind of
competition and that if they do NOT
meet it they will be licked before
they start.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17

MORE recently, Hopkins. now
VI enjoying i'm time of war.
the peak income of his life, had
the assurance to state his" po-
Sition on compulsory military
training for boys after the war.
His position. we may be-
sure. is RooScvclt's. With his
marital record, he says: For
year after year these boys Will
establish our manners and NOR
ais and standards of conduct"
The morals of people who ex-
plot office for riches and favor,
who throw high public office 10
political doorbell puShcrS as re-
ward for their loyal partY/
service?
How else did Goebbcls and
Goering IN Germany get their
Jobs under Hitler
Don't undcr-rate Harry Hon
kinS Just because nc is only
Harry Hopkins. a noncntity
known 20 almost all Of US only
by his pictures. He speaks
from the bedside Of the Presi.
dent of the United States.
Otherwise. he would be Still
nonentity and his dcclara-
tionS would never be published
at all.
Copyright. ia4s By KIM Features
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17
Brain Game

answers on opposite page
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-17

II OUR homes are not our
own, are We free citizens or
mere subjects of regime?
They did that in Russia. 10 be
sure, but, IN this country. the
men who framed the COnStitu-
tion felt strongly on the issue
Of the compulsory bllleting OF
strangers IN their homes and
the invasion OF their family
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-12-22

others habits the friendship wide the the whatever religion the of Democracy jcyousiy this of democracy the world has known And the His life rehar the words will the that these the teachings which the wordand this the land bringing about the re-brth
 Bury under their niquies those who with the nsdous fascism would make the again pagan bohery be filled with song praise let each of forth from unaggng the He taught and still lives that the hands and hearts of all Gods children
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-12-22
tu~ uze 1e1+>pQe sb pe>.>oe1e>ey5

TuyHE hush fills the
 chattery greetings of neghbors meeting the chdens they merry All the ground mantled again
 aswh is the little house of worship umned by the early is in nd from ockbbed New England the miles millions the people will be observing the holiday each his fashion For each native and and tenets have down varying customs food the exchange of gifts and in the spiritual such the heart spirit of America that good things Christmas time has been adopted by those whose fOrbears origin observance And such the heart this Christmas will the
 Good Will toward Men, For this Temple all all and all children
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02
Old Age Pensions Increase On
 July First

Increased grants to recipients of the Old Age Assistance will be made July 1 by the Department of Public Welfare under Chapter 10, Session Laws of Alaska, 1945. The new law allows a maximum of $6O in place of the former $45 a month. These grants are not made automatically, and are given on the basis of need, and a full investigation of the recipients re- sources and need are made before the aid is granted.
 This assistance is given by a joint program of the Public Vel fare and the Federal Security Board.
 The Public Welfare Organiza- ton in the Territory is to be re- organized and district workers will be added to Fairbanks and Anchorage.
 Nome will have an office with a district worker. This is to be opened about August 1.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02
MS. METEOR ARRIVES IN NOME

The MS. Meteor, the first coast wise vessel of the season, arrived Saturday to start on its summer schedule of mail and freight for the outlying districts. Capt. Will Hams had a lighter and house barge in tow.
 The Meteor is leaving this eve ming for Teller and Wales and the house barge will be loaded with freight for those two points. Capt. Williams said that his trip in was uneventful. The house barge was loaded in Seattle to capacity, with freight for Akularak.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02

necessity of supply western Russ sia with the implements of war. Now it is a self-sufficient fortress in it's own right.
 What military installations ex- ist on this doorstep of Japan nat urally are not being revealed by Moscow. But fragmentary news and authoritative reports indicate a mighty fortress, with an army estimated at 10000 men mark ing time, and with an arsenal and the all essential breadbasket to keep it going.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02

ing independence from the west and conversion to war work) by rationalizers and inventors, whose numbers are continually increas- ing.
 "The machine building Gin this case primarily shipbuilding) plants in the city of Komsomolsk have increased output by 50 to 100 per cent. Mining of coal on Sakhalin increases month by month, as it does at Raichikha and in other districts. The Okha oil fields on Sakhalin have increased their pro- duction.
 The North Pacific has been a primary supply line to the Soviet Union, the Lend-Lease Admins tration revealed in 1943. At that time nearly one-third of all Amer ican shipments to the USSR were being sent in Soviet vessels from our West Coast to ports in the Soviet Far East.
 Much of this equipment, pre- sumably, was consigned to Soviet Far East military stores.
 Regular winter freight trans portation has been established be- tween Vladivostok and ports on both coasts of the Kamchatka Peninsula formerly isolated from September to May.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02

Pravda gives us a glimpse be- hind the curtain:
 "The conversion of industry to war work has required an ability to utilize ones own resources. For example. when the manufacture of a product entirely new to it |. |. necessary special equipment was found in various small plants . |. In 25 days the plant was prepared for serial mass production.
 "An enormous role is being played in this matter Establish
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-02

Russia Strengthens Its Back Door
 By RICHARD ToMPKINs. Q49 Newseature Writer | PART ONE
 NEW YORK|EBehind the curtain the East Russian is whatever be called upon by the
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26

  $. 
 Side|ishts

A letter from Stanley Zukowski from Samson, NY. was a pleasant surprise this week. He says Navy life agrees with him except for the work of cleaning floors and making hunks, etc. Also says that after 8 more weeks of training he will be due for a chance to visit Bradley and he will be sure to drop in. His friends will be glad to see him.
 Red Long, foreman of Sheet Metal, has been taking advantage of the Hull in occupational therapy to teach a class informally on Air craft Structure. Several interesting films have been shown in connec- tion with the lectures.
 Big excitement of the week of course-was the arrival of the Bombers. It was a real thrill-one never to be forgotten. After awhile a few of the Alphabetical Rations were on exhibit-salvage from the ships-most interesting to note.
 By the way we haven't heard much about War Bonds, due to all the pressing excitement of every day hiring we haven't been report ing War Bonds as we should. Have you bought that extra Bond yet Have you contacted your repre- sentative to find out just what your amount is? Why not do it. for this next pay period and allow your de- partment the chance to go over the top. It is most important that we support the 7th War Loan Drive, you know that, and Bradley has never failed and will not now! So buy your Bond today.
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26
WAC CHATTER
WAC WINCHELLITES

Once again newly elected bes order BEWARE!! YOU be the nx! Hunting for like looking for needle the haystak Disgusting that shall end the other from cellar still this blasted voumn But we'll take a try al anyhow
 SundayAh Sunday dawned cheerful but long. Uppemo Mondy-and should have started that diet last week instead of hs?" Neverthe busied ourselves look but they don't And the III Soooo It before the brightly and ideas of acquiring those "wha beach" beach clothes And couple of Indian Maids WAC dseuishey really WAC absorb ing all the from old Sol himself sadden the gals deepest sympathy Nappi!! There blazing before the month of May ends
 This has a aI With the the cluding WAC Guides led by Maxwell Putt OBren who made the Several of them have ceived of all of
 desired nylon "hutes From all their aiding the bewldered greatly piatd And while we're speaking the edeployment enetained From what from their fdu chat rather -goucy loharo Net this good humor keeps things rolling we'll.
 We've practically covered the field and looking through kehO (dont didn't you'll and did happen with clothes fresh of the buge bed forth Base Head sight their Commanding Officers quarters!!! All MSERY!!! Anything happen this Army Which that always from the frying right the fre!!! Whoops looking for a mmejetly
 farewell friends who leaving the we'll all meeting in a civilian
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26
Osmena Says His Sons Will Face Inquiry

Philippines (CNS) = Philippine President Sergio Osmena has di- rected that of his sons, who are suspected of having dealt with the Japs, be handled "as others sus- pected of such dealings"
 Earlier it had been reported that MT. Osmena's sons, Nicasio, 35, and Sergio, IT,, 28, were being held in Bilibid Prison in Manila.
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26

To again. The old Mess Hall re- opened but not for chow, due to the increase in the number of jitterbugs, it was found that the Clubs dance space was too small so instead of a chow line we had a swing line.
 So busy around here that we have a fine ball team and the team has already won two games.
 You should see the huge smiles on the faces of the men who are at that age that life begins, forty (4O). Among the big grinners are S/Sgt. Holiday and M/Sgt. Ware. Lucky boys. We bet you will give a farewell party, won't you?
 Good luck and Godspeed to Sgt. Steve Morris, better known as Moderator. He has been one of the Squadron's most active men and in some way managed to get his finger into every pie. Steve will be missed by all of the fellows here and by a host of friends in and around Hartford. (Ed. note: We concur in this respect tool.
 Travelling with Sgt. Morris are several of the Squadron's old timers, among them are Cpl. Elmer Brown and Pfc. Jerry Ray. Our good wishes go to them also.
 Pfc. George Grave, our drummer
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26
STROLLINC THROUGH THE RANKS

is back in the fold again. He, along with Pvt. A. Blake and Cpl. J.. D. McGee had a tiff with a truck. The truck won the argument.
 Gosh, Cupid certainly hangs around here and he seems to have plenty of ammunition. Cpl. Tribble, one of our better cooks, is the latest victim of the little arrow aimer.
 Hear that T/Sgt. Bob Bigelow is treading where all others have feared to tread. Mighty fine tread ing, Bub.
 We knew that S/Sgt. Marcus Caul wouldn't be walking long. Nice wagon, fellow.
 We've been asked about Church Services around this way. Services are held in the old Mess Hall on Sundays. Rev. Wright speaks. The nearest civilian church will be found in Sufield, Conn. Rev. At kins speaks there.
 Press time again. Will see va.
 P.S. Phil, contact at all times is paramount.
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26
ZH$$s9}::.x!!INyc H$s}: A. REPORTER

Intelligence discoes Cpl. Morris Newirh uncheoning Sylvia Rubin doing quick Having Rptr sends grngplannins Buzz" credited his Form S. Pioneer Bradley S/Sg Mitchell back eestabIshng old Springfield The Wallets Missy still the missing Jerry Bradley and Bob shoot the "Who Threw the Whske in the We PIX luke Box number that's threatening the record by And Her Tears Flowed Like Vine Bradley Field "scovd' by the Press and Rad Kex (tht word has the effect (d did 9 uciou doubledeck ice Rita Lawson dieting the line calls it counting woves"...
 Unit Personnel has tell Cpl typewriter nightmare entitled Pitched Battle in the UP Office:
 all missne-nissing
 AWOL 2 had him Form 8l resembled
 the feeling mucage terrific battle
 ensued81 all his nephew of 88
 sequent tough baby cak-as of fact he didn't like
 took rubber and poked at Form A Form "A
 threw both his guard house and ad
 minisve him with all ndorsements-that terrific
 blow and knocked the right Slit made him look just
 a He through but
 Form 32 to his and drew himself with all tour pages
 and of clothing at 24 this landed his clothing and took lot of fight him. As last of page
 32t rough until the T. card with medical
 and knocked them all out" Whew
 Don Beahler Oho Bill Sadier Pouekeeps Y and Sam Kammon Jack Center Ohio unanimous saving good drink instead of English bttand how they love that milk They think Bradley Field place. and
  them
 T/Sgt of Lncon sporting English Bill B24 big push the Rhie One of the missions took him Berlin M/Sg Harry Ebers cewchef the civilian Harry flew of the B24 that took the Ploest Raid flying Africa Just about happy the boys Mike happy parked her first B Bet the pilot wouldn't have had to kiss her first, either
 The BEAM reiee with ssst Art Eng Rochester N Y, and 25 missions when he Although there has been VIE day Europe there still be People should keep
Bradley beam., 1945-05-26

"I'm going to call the mess ser geant. ] never saw anything as tough as this steak"
 "You will, buddy, when you see the mess sergeant"