davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-03-16
u. 5. Airmerl
Damage Ndzi
Headquarters
$50 Planes Smdsh
Several Buildings,
Rows of Barracks
By the Associated Press.

LONDON. Mar. 16. American
heavy bombers smashed several
headquarters buildings and rows
of barracks in yesterdays $50
plane attack on Adolf Hitler's
army staff headquarters at Zos-
sen, 20 miles south of Berlin,
1t was announced officially today.
A United States Strategic Air
Force communique said the airmen
who had been waiting for weeks
to carry out the assignment did a
bulls-eye job.
The official bulletin reported hits
on many barracks and major Office
buildings, including the administra-
ton building, with both high explo-
sives and incendiary bombs.
Great fires were spread in a wide
area.
Hitler There Recently.
The surprise attack on the army
chiefs workshop, where Hitler was
reported in conference a few days
ago, was carried out by pilots. nav
igators and bombardiers especially
picked for the job.
In cloudless sky. they paraded
over the target in two waves and
dropped 5000 blast bombs weighing
1,500 tons, in addition to 325 200
small incendiary missiles.
The Liberator wing of the attack
went in first, and by the time the
Flying Fortresses arrived fires were
burning fiercely.
Aerial photographs taken during
the attack showed Liberator bombs
had blocked several roads on the
headquarters grounds and crashed
into a nearby tank training depot.
Flax Only Sporadic.
The Fortresses placed heavy con-
centrations of bombs in the target
area, smashing a number of the
main buildings and large storage
depot.
Then the ground haze and smoke
closed in over the scene and pre-
vented more detailed assessment
of the damage.
Part of the headquarters estab-
lishment is known to be deep un-
derground, however, and presum-
ably safe from everything except the
RATS new 11-ton bomb.
The pilots, carefully briefed for the
attack, said they encountered only
sporadic antiaircraft fire.
Despite the bombing, the German
communique was broadcast on
schedule today. 1t made no mention
of the raid on Army headquarters
although it told of the other Allied
attacks.
Berlin underwent it's oath con-
secutive RAF night raid last night
Raj night raiders also struck at
Hagen in the industrial Ruhr and
at oil reflneries in Misbourg, near
Hanover.
Headed Straight for Berlin.
More than 1850 bombers, guarded
by 750 fighters, roared straight fol
Berlin yesterday and then split tt
loop around the capital for the
zossen raid and attacks on thu
Oranienburg railyards to the north
From 5000 to 1000 Allied plane.
took advantage of a good break ir
the weather to step up yesterday.
operations over Germany from the
south. east and west to near record
American bombers alone dropped
$500 tons of high explosive and in
cendiaries in the vicinity of Berlin.
Antiaircraft fire was heavy al
some points and 16 bombers anc
Evening star., 1945-03-16
Nozi Crews Surrender
In Sweden Reported
BY the Associated Press.

BY tne ASSoclated Press.
STOCKHOLM, Mar. 16.-A Ger
man patrol boat from Oslo, manned
by crew apparently desirous of de-
serting the Nazi cause, entered
Swedish waters yesterday and was
interned, the newspaper Dagens
Nyheter said today.
She was the first German vessel
to be SO surrendered, the paper
added.
Evening star., 1945-03-16
The Family Budget

Balancing the budget in
many families these days is a
real problem.
To live within ones income
requires economy. The Star
is consulted in thousands of
homes every day as a practical
guide for shopping.
Yesterdays Circulation
The Evening Star
Thurs, Mar. Is, 1945 2O4,454
Thurs, Mar. 16, 1914 1885, 1888
Increase ---------- 5,621
The circulation OF The Eve
ming and Sunday Star keeps
pace with the constantly in-
creasing population Of greater
Washington.
Evening star., 1945-03-16
BULLETIN.

PACIFIC FLEET HEAD
QUARTERS. Guam. Saturday,
Mar. II tP.-The Navy an
nounced today that 4,189
American Marines had been
killed in the conquest of Two
Jima and that the battle for
Two "has been won" 1t added
that 15,308 Marines had been
wounded and AL are missing,
making a total of 1888 cas-
ualties suffered by three Ma
rine divisions in seizing the
island.
Organized resistance ended
at 6 pm. Friday 1.-Two time).
Evening star., 1945-03-16
Superhighway Cut in Two Places
Yanks Beat OHNazi Tank Attack:
Sd and 9th Armies Press Gains
Enemy Reported
Fleeing SoorIond
And Pulutinute
BULLETIN.

PARIS (P).-The 1st Army
today cut the Ruhr Frankfurt
superhighway in two places
and beat off a German tank
counterattack in heavy fight
ing 4 miles northeast of Linz.
in the area where the cross
Rhine bridgehead is 612 miles
wide. "The Germans are build
ing up for a major attack" As
sociated Press Correspondent
Don Whitehead reported from
the ,bridgehead.
Evening star., 1945-03-16

BY the Associated Press.
PACIFIC FLEET HEADQUAR-
TERS, Guam, Mar. 16.-Iwo Jima
has saved about 80 Super Fort
resses and their crews from prob
able destruction, the 21st Bomber
Evening star., 1945-03-16

Sir additional men from
the District area hare been
reported killed In this Dar. See
"On the Honor Roll." Page Az.
Evening star., 1945-03-16

tsee WESTERN FRONT, Page A-s)
Evening star., 1945-03-16

tSee MINERS, Page A-40
Evening star., 1945-03-16

(See RUSSIA, Page A-13.
Evening star., 1945-03-16

(See AERIAL, Page A-3D
Evening star., 1945-03-16

(See DEFERMENTS, Page A-3.5
Evening star., 1945-01-26
Ambassador Oumunsky

When he became Russia's Ambas-
Sador to the United States in 1899
at the age of 81, the youngest man
ever to hold that rank here-Con-
stantin Oumansky faced peculiarly
difficult and delicate assignment.
Before the year had endedy his coun-
try had not only signed the nom
aggression pact with Germany sig
nalizing the start of the Second
World War but had also invaded
Finland. From then on. for many
long month. American feeling ran
high against the Soviet Union, and
there could hardly have been a more
unenviable position than Mr.. Ouman-
sky's. But he carried on his duty
in a manner that soon stamped
him as one OF the Stain govern
ment's ablest diplomats, and history
in due time took course which
overnight swept away the heavy
handicaps. under which he had
labored. With Hitler's sudden attack
In the east. Mr.. Oumansky's land
Immediately won the sympathy and
admiration OF all free men, and his
task in Washington then became the
Evening star., 1945-01-26
Objects to Debate

To the EDITOR of The Star:
Now watch the fur fly regarding the
appointment of former Vice President
Wallace to cabinet position. 1t mat
ters not that our boys in France are
poorly equipped with storm boots, gloves
and protective clothing for winter. The
heck with them!
But highly important 1t is that
streams and streams of flannel mouth
ed oratory must be poured out for
several days in the wrangle over the
respective merits of Messrs. Jones
and Wallace. Japan makes new in
roads into China, but the heck with
that! Our legislative solons must
bicker and banter over something upon
which an executive decision already
has been made.
If "work-or-fight" laws are to be
enacted, why can't we also curtail the
useless waste of time that takes place
in the House and the Senate during
period when foreign policy ought
to be crystalized, our manufacturing
facilities speeded up. and preliminary
plans laid for a postwar world of
progress and prosperity.
(MISS) CHIU CHUN-MUI.
Evening star., 1945-01-26

among the best agricultural regions Of
the Reich.
The Germans are not short OF men,
Our figures regarding the strength OF
the Wehrmacht on the eastern front
tally with those OF the Russians and
estimate the German strength at more
than 100000 trained men. The fact
that many Volksturm divisions have
been mentioned in dispatches as bearing
the principal brunt Of battle has led
American observers to conclude that the
frst-class troops were being kept in
reserve for counteroffensive.
+ \
The Germans know that an army on
the defensive, particularly when it does
not have the expanses Of territory the
Russians had in 1941 and 1942, Is
doomed. No one processes to know
what is in the minds of Field Marshal
Keitel and Gen. Guderian, who are in
charge of the operations on the eastern
front. But they have already lost the
most important jumping boards" from
which they could have started a coun-
teroffensive. They are also facing the
loss OF the most important agricultural
territory and the remaining industrial
areas which were providing the where
with to continue the resistance.
This survey of the military situation
leads to speculations regarding the po-
litical work of the Free Germany Com
mittee. The efficacy of the committee
had been discounted for long time in
America. But in the light of what is
happening now it may be. that it did
have more influence than was thought.
The main theme of its propaganda is
that Germany, having lost the war,
must look to Russia to save what can
still be saved, and the committee advo-
Gates the organization of a democratic
German state under the wing of the
U. S. S. r. In order to accomplish this
purpose, it Is essential, however, that
the generals in the Free Germany Com
mittee convince the German command
ers in the east that the game Is up and
that only by yielding to Russia can
Germany be saved
The inability of the Germans to stem
the Russian drive is construed here as
indicating that the Free Germany Com
mittee may have done even better work
than the Russian government expected.
Evening star., 1945-01-26

extremely important one Of working
out arrangements for aid to the Red
Army. Later in 1941 his post was
taken over by the older Maxim Lit
vinoff, but this change did not mean
that his government had lost con-
f1dence in him. On the contrary,
having proved himself here, he was
to be groomed now for a significant
mission designed to win friendship
for Russia in predominantly Catho-
lie Latin America. He began this
in 1943 as Ambassador to Mexico, and
1t was while on an official trip in
connection with it yesterday that he
was killed tragically with his wife in
a plane crash. Like soldier in the
Red Army, he thus died in the service
OF his country, and it is no exaggera-
ton to say that the Soviet Union has
suffered great loss.
Evening star., 1945-01-26
Bose: Indian Rebel

The death of Rash Behari Bose.
currently announced from Tokyo,
removes from this earthly scene one
OF the stock figures in a political
underworld stranger than most of
the fictional "thrillers" on library
shelves.
Rash Behari Bose belonged to the
original group of active rebels
against British rule in India who
arose at the turn of the last century
and who answered British repres-
sion with terrorism. The outbreak
OF the First World War spurred the
British Raj to general roundup of
Indian extremists in order to fore
stall seditious activities at so cru
cial a juncture. Bose escaped the
dragnet and fled to Japan, but so
dangerous was he in British eyes
that London requested the Japanese
government to arrest him-a request
which Tokyo, then an ally of Brit
ain, could not we'll refuse.
Then the plot thickened. Before
long, Bose escaped" from his Japa-
nese jail and took refuge in the
home of Mitsuru Toyama, the sin
lister power who, throughout his long
life which ended only last year,
moulded Japan's political evolution
toward a policy of limitless aggres-
sion and implacable enmity toward
the western world. The chief in
strument of his evil designs was the
notorious Black Dragon Society,
which not only had it's japanese
agents throughout the world, but
also modified all sorts of discontent-
ed foreigners, especially Asiatics.
Toyama it was who had befriended
die-hard Filipinos after our crush
Ing of Aguinaldo's insurrection and
nurtured them in Japan as chronic
troublemakers against our rule in
the Philippines. Naturally Toyama
had his finger on the pulse of Indian
unrest and extended his protection
over so useful tool as Rash Behari
Bose. So thenceforth the Indian
terrorist lived secure within the
shadow of the Black Dragon, be-
yond the reach not only of the Brit
ish Raj but also of japanese law. As
head of Toyama's Indian Section"
Bose gathered about him a group of
fellow-exiles who conducted con-
slant propaganda to fan the embers
Of Indian unrest.
The triumph of militarism within
Japan during the 1930s, coinciding
with the rise of Nazi-Fascism in
Europe. had it's inevitable repercus-
sions in India. where new cycle of
sedition and repression drove into
exile another rebel by the same
name. Subhas Chandra Bose ulti-
mately gravitated to Japan, and was
presently installed as head OF the
Provisional Government of Free
india" set up under japanese spon-
sorship in conquered Singapore.
Evening star., 1945-01-26
A Bid to Cynicism

In March of 1943 the then Lieuten-
ant Colonel Elliott Roosevelt wrote a
most appealing letter to Representa-
tive Lanham of Texas, the gist of
which was to "let us (the Roosevelt
sonS) fight without being stabbed in
the back for the sake of politics" +"
Because there had been unfair criti-
cism of the Roosevelt boys and be-
cause of the frank, sensible tone of
the letter, it received a popular re-
ception typified in the warm ap-
plause from both sides of the aisle
when Mr.. Lanham read it to the
House.
People would like to think of the
Roosevelt sons as they think of the
sons of millions of other American
families, doing their jobs where they
are assigned and doing their jobs
without benefit of pampering or IA
voritism. That is an American ideal
of real democracy in wartime and it
Is important to preserve it. The bit
terness created by the dog incident
reflected the publics jealousy of
this ideal, its resentment of anything
savoring of special privilege. And
that is why. on top of the dog Incl
dent and everything implied by the
War Departments clumsy attempt
to cover it up, the nomination of
Colonel Roosevelt to be a brigadier
general invites cynical reaction.
In fairness to Colonel Roosevelt
and to his father, the nomination
deserves and should receive extraor-
dinarily careful-and public-exam-
inatlon. Colonel Roosevelt has an
excellent war record. The very tim
Ing of his nomination indicates that
1t was recommended long ago and
received routine handling at the
White House, where it would have
been politically expedient to hold it
up until the other business blew
over. The Senate. however, will want
to know how many other reserve off,
GERS. thirty-four years old or there
abouts, have risen from captain to
brlgadler general in four years and
the nature of the circumstances
which singled out Colonel Roosevelt
Tor so unusual distinction. It is
very important that these facts be
known and that the public be con-
vinced beyond any doubt whatever
that this promotion stands on its
own feet.
Evening star., 1945-01-26
Park Police Mercer

The arbitrary terms of Represent
ative Hebert's bill to abolish the
United States Park Police force in
the District invites the equally arbi-
trary sort of opposition from Secre-
tary of Interior Ickes. It may not be
wise to abolish the park police, but
1t Is certainly wise to consider a
partial amalgamation of police forces
to preserve the specialized type of
park patrol required by the park au-
thorities for park maintenance and
to centralize, at the same time, rou-
tine police work within the parks
under the Metropolitan Police De-
partment.
One important consideration, in
this respect, is the expense involved
in maintaining two separate police
departments. Another is the most
efficient use of available personnel.
AS the major part of the expense of
both forces is born by the unrepre-
sented taxpayers of the District, 1t
is important to hear opinions re-
garding possible economies and other
advantages which might lie in a par
tial consolidation.
1t is to be hoped that Mr.. Hebert
will arrange hearings to explore the
matter fully, with the thought that
the terms of his bill can be modified
The hearings would show, for one
thing, that if the protection of
United States park property within
the District requires a park police
exclusively under the control of the
Department Of Interior. a larger
share of the expense for its upkeep
should come from the United States
Government.
Evening star., 1945-01-26
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

Socialism or go through q counter
revolution Of the Fascist type to prevent
1t. Working people, here and every
where, are no longer willing to submit
voluntarily to unremunerative idleness,
for the sake of maintaining any previous
economic system.
But I am not so defeatist about the
possibilities in private enterprise as the
Herald Tribune-and neither is Presi-
dent Roosevelt nor Henry Wallace. Mr..
Wallace is not a Socialist. His ideas
stem right out of American grass roots
and have closer relation to Henry
George and Thorstein Veblen, than to
Karl Marx.
But Mr.. Wallace, like most OF the Ma
tional Manufacturers Association, does
not believe, and unlike them, does not
pretend to believe, that we can achieve
stable full employment without Govern
ment planning and the use of the Gov
ernment financial power, if, or when
ever, that proves necessary. Mr.. Wal
lace believes that there is no excuse for
Government inactivity in the case of
economic breakdown or the threat of it,
He has not gone so far as Sir William
5oSNCAldSC, WIZ Olu IlOt SliOCk tllC bTit-
ish tories into any panic comparable to
that in the United States Senate, by
calling for security from the cradle
to the grave" and a vast increase of
production based on Specialization of
consumption"
The Specialization of consumption"
is not socialism and would be vehemently
denied by classic Marxians (for there
are classic Marxians as there are classic
capitalists). Sir William was simply
proposing careful government plans
for public works calculated to lift the
civilization and culture of the British
people, by distributing increased serv-
ices in the form of low-cost housing,
complete rural electrification, ETC., un-
der a flexible budget which would
enable the government to step in and
out of the economy as it tended to rise
or fall. 1t is certainly not classical"
capitalism, but its authors were capi-
talists.
The best thing that can be said for
capitalism is, with the exception of
the worldwide depression of the 30s,
1t has always adapted itself to chang
ing circumstances. Those who fail to
recognize changing circumstances and
use the wits God gave to see how they
can be met, will prove to be the de-
stroyers, not the saviors of free enter
prise, and the destroyers at the same
time of a great deal of human liberty.
CReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1945-01-26
Nazi Plans Go Awry
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

1t is much too early to be sure whether
the signs of somewhat sitter German
resistance around the towns of Torun,
Poznan and Breslau are any indication
of the front on which the German high
command hopes to make at least
temporary stand against the Russian
offensive. Certainly the Germans must
have some plan of the sort, but 1t re-
mains to be seen whether they still
possess the means to carry it out.
Very likely their eastern defense plan
included the holding of the two flank
localities of East Prussia and Upper
Silesia, thus checking Russian progress
in the center by increasing pressure on
the f1anks of that progress. The means
to exert that pressure may well have
included in the original German calcu-
lations divisions to be transferred from
the western front after that front had
been temporarily stabilized by the
Ardennes offensive.
II so, that part Of the German plan
has gone wrong.
The Ardennes offensive failed to ac-
complish its objectives. If German
troops are sent from west to east-as the
mysteriously vanished 9Th Panzer Army
may have been sent already-the Ger
mans must now make such moves in
the full knowledge that a price will be
exacted from them in the west.
X X
Another part of the German plan
seems also to have gone wrong. The
Germans appear to have been over
confident of the ability Of their East
Prussian fortresses to hold out Both
Insterburg and Allenstein, the key de-
Tense positions of the province, went
down on the same day before concen-
tration of Russian artillery, air power
and infantry which must Nhave been
overwhelming in its mass effect.
The Germans are still able to use
narrow coastal corridor into or out of
East Prussia, but even that is rapidly
closing. 1t hardly seems possible that
the Germans can now mount any large
scale counterattack from East Prussia
against the Russian center. Rather, it
is now question of how many good
troops (aside from Volkstrum and so on)
the Germans are going to lose in East
Prussia.
On the southern side Of the front, the
fall OF Oppeln has cut OF the Silesian
Evening star., 1945-01-26

The arguments which the President
brought for the appointment of Henry
Wallace as Secretary of Commerce were
unfortunate. Obviously the Presidents
intention was to make Mr.. Wallace
more palatable to the party by basing
his appointment on the old party
argument that Mr.. Wallace had per-
formed yeomans service, to the ticket
and naturally had to be rewarded.
The times are too momentous for such
an argument. No man should be
charged with important functions be-
cause of services rendered in a cam
paign. There are candid and good
reasons why Mr.. Wallace should be
appointed to this position. They do not
involve his services to the campaign.
but the Presidents promises made by
Mr.. Wallace in his name. And they
involve policies for the achievement
OF those promises.
The main promise is of continued full
employment after the war The uues-
ton is how 1t shall be achieved. The
Republican candidate. for that mat
ter, made the same promise But, again.
the question was how it should be
achieved
On the one hand are those who insist
that after the war we must 70 back
to "normalcy," dissolve all Government
activity in the economic field and trust
exclusively to private enterprise, work.
ing inside traditional economic prac-
tices. to employ all who need or want
work in the United States.
But in this camp there is outspoken
defeatism about the possibility of thus
achieving this aim. Wednesday, for in
stance, the New York Herald Tribune, in
an editorial, quoted paragraph of the
Soviet Constitution which states that
citizens of the U. S. S. r. are guar
anteed the right of employment and
payment for their work in accordance
with It's quantity and quality" The
Herald Tribune comments that the Rus
sian Constitution is more frank than
American exponents of the national
budget" for it asserts that such a guar
antee is only possible because of the
Socialist organization of the national
economy" Ergo, argues the Herald
Tribune under our system we cannot
fulfill such promise.
am surprised to find in the Herald
Tribune so powerful an argument for
Russian Socialism-the complete own
ership and control of the means OF pro-
duction. For If it be true that only
such Socialism can guarantee the full
use OF our manpower and resources, then
sooner or later we will get that kind of
Evening star., 1945-01-26

This puppet regime was actually
transferred to Indian soil when the
Japanese launched their ambitious
invasion from Burma last year. The
failure of that venture sent into
eclipse the revolutionary plotters
whom Japan had so sedulously
fostered. Now. both Toyama. the
mastermind, and the elder Bose
have passed forever from the scene,
while the fate of the younger Bose
is uncertain. The "Pan-Asian" con-
Spiracy spun in Tokyo fades like
other aspects Of its grandiose dream
of empire.