davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
Prescription For Peace

Recently two brilliant and distinguished men, Prof AL bert Ensten and former Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts offered substantially the same prescription TOT ending war Both feel that world peace is not possible with out world government of sort rather than an aSso- citation of sovereign states such the United Nations Or ganiZation.
 The world government idea is not new, but it is still staggerng revolutionary Its mechanics always have been vague perhaps because any such proposal always ran into violent and cripping opposition.
 Throughout history sovereignty has been jealousy cherished and frequently foughover possession And there was good why should be- since its loss meant its transfer to other power Yet this country and oher members of the United Nations Organization consciously and cheerfuly gave up small portion of individual sov- ereignty and pooled in central authority which prom sed greater security than seemed individually possible
 Perhaps further sacrifices of sovereignty would make for sounder guarantees of peace No can know until scheme of world government is tried And that day far away if indeed it ever comes No know what form world government would take what sort of con- promises racial and religious differences would be neces Sary Maybe no one now on earth ever will.
 But at least it is safe to say that the concept of ereignty and natonaiSm has precpitated good many wars The contraction of arbitrary boundary lines by the Versailles Treaty and their expansion by Japanese agges sion had much to do with mankindS latest and most ter rible
 It is probably too optimistic to believe that the aboi ton of state sovereignty and the establishment of world government would Immediately bansh all the causes of war. Racial pride and prejudice would probably still main, along with greed and stupidity and ancient { anceS.
 But when two men as eminent Justice Roberts l Professor EnSten arrive separately at about the Sou ton for the worlds s it may be time for the worlds tca politicians at least to clear their minds of preconcep tonS and give these suggestions some serious thought Heaven knows the millennium won't approch any nearer until to spend much time and mental effort the problems of living together in peace they have on devsng refined and elaborate methods of killing one another
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
By DrezO Re0rsOss

famous reply was, .Nuts" and Gen. Manteuffel has since told D. S. nterviewers that he understood quite well what nuts" meant. ocen. Maxwell D. Taylor top commander of the lOlst Airborne, was in wash- inrton with his family He has now been promoted to be head of West Point0
 But despite the opposition of regular German s tie and U'Is place % for lis attack Tragic inside fact however is that U. s. forces would not have been caught mapping if the advice of two War Department advice of the Assistant Secretary of War, John M- Cloy. a-
 MT. McCIOy, looking at the map of the Western Front several days before tne Germans launcne6 American forces in the Ardennes Forest, remarked that he thought this was taking chance. Members of the General Staff, however, reminded him that Gen Eisenhower knew what he was doing
 Gen Marshall made it a point never to give orders or suggestions to commanders in the field; so as at Pearl Harbor, the man on the lop was left to run his show without advice from Washington
 The warning of the two colonels, however, was much stronger They were Col. Truman Smith and Col Percy Blair who went to Gen. Clayton Bissell week before the bulge attack and advised him what they feared was coming They urged that ne seno back on the General Staff policy that 1t was not Washington,s job to instruct field commanders.
 Col. Truman Smith is probably the most out standing expert on Germany in the American Army Having spent several years as military attache in Berlin. he knows many Germany Army commanders personally how they think and how they operate Just before the war, however, he got In dutch De. cause of his friendship for Charles Lndbergh. and at one time Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter urged Roosevelt to have him court-martialed
 Gen. Bissell head of Intelligence, is an air offi- cer who spent large part of this war in India When he ignored the oral advice of Colonels smith ana Blair. the two officers wrote memorandum putting themselves on record that there was grave danger in the Ardennes and that Gen. Eisenhower should be appraised of that fact.
 However, even this written warning was not nassed on to Eisenhower. As at Pearl Harbor War Department routine required that each commander be on his own.
 On Dec IS, new and relatively green division, the 106th was moved into the Ardennes Forest oppo- site the German lines It had arrived in France less than month before Never before had 1t been under fire Early the next morning, Dec 15 Hitler launched his long planned putsch His Intelligence must have been excellent
 Last year. this columns comments on the Belgian bulge were telegraphed in abbreviated form to Europe and interpreted by members Of the l9Oth Division as reflection on their courage. No such reflection was ever intended On the contrary, their resistance was one of the most heroic of the entire war.
 Those are some of the things which should be probed in one of the years worst tragedies If we are to improve military efficiency in the future.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24

world for number of years It now really ap- preciate what Kent Cooper is driving at when he demands a free world press and the unrestricted flow of one of the provisions of the coming peace treaty.
 The news situation is little better here in Paris because there are three American papers such as they are, the London papers are flown over daily and the French beginning to bring out their own But they're all thin little affairs. Newsprnt scarce It would take four or five of them to make one of our papers at home.
 All the continental radio stations still are closed down. Papers can't circulate much because there's no way to get them around. Tn Germany, there's practically nothing. When you write your soldier send him newspaper clippings about anything you think he's interested in
 President Truman announced the Russian dec- laration of war at a press conference in Washing ton at D. m, that's o'clock at night over there The military radios picked it up and word got around the streets among the night owling GIs. They left off few whoops because it held out hope that some of them would miss redeployment to the Pacific Most of these men figure they've fought their war They want to go home and stay there. Incidentally their reaction to the news about the atomic bomb was different. They let off no cheers about that
 T don't like it." one of them said, "war was tough enough as 1t was If we've got that thing the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
By Peter EdSOn

Chief of military government on Gen. Mac Arthurs staff is Brig-Gen William Crist He was m Washington just before Japan capitulated, and took back with him full instructions on military govern ment First orders issued by Gen MacArthur under these instructions have already been posted.
 Gen. Crists military government forces will con-. sist of over 4O00 specially trained officers. About 1500 have had actual military government experience on Saipan, Okinawa and other Pacific islands hper- ated by MacArthur and Nimitz forces For the past year. some 1900 more officers have been undergoing special training in eight U. s. universities where military government schools have been in operation AS these schools have been closed their faculties of nearly TOO specialists in Japanese language indus try, law and customs have been moved to Japan. They are supplemented by specialists sanitation, communication, transport and so on, withdrawn from Europe All these military government officers have had pinpoint training for specific assignments. mapped in advance.
 top All members of the Cabinet for instance, must be acceptable to Gen MacArthur Orders to provincial or municipal governments will go through MacArthur to the responsible heads of Japanese government If mayor or police chief turns out to be uncoopera- tive he will not be removed directly by the Q. B.. military governors. The Japanese government will be told to replace the offending official with someone acceptable
 Gen. MacArthur's forces and his military gov. ernors will not occupy every fishing village HIS com" bat troops on the main islands will number only be- tween 750O0O and 1000. They will occupy only the key government and communications centers, with main forces in the strategic centers from which they can move to put down any disorders.
 In broad outline. this is the administrative set- up for governing Japan. In addition there IS the formidable job of revamping the Japanese economy to put 1t a peace basis, eliminating the potential to make war just as completely as 1t is being eiim- mated in Germany That means doing far better job than was done in Germany in 1913.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
REPEAL THE 'ANTI-sTRIKE' ACT
(New York Times)

The National War Labor Board has been transferred to the juris- diction of the Department of Labor Its chairman, George w. Taylor, has just resigned. Jesse Freidin, a public member of the board, has also forwarded his resignation. The board now exists, without real pow CTS or prestige, in comatose state which is neither life nor death. Its legal life would end in any case "six months following the termi- nation of hostilities in the present war, as proclaimed by the Presi- dent"-though the termination of hostilities has not yet been pro claimed. The present plan of the Administration is to keep the board alive in an oxygen tent until after the management-labor conference, now scheduled to open on Nov. 5.
 This plan is unsatisfactory all around. The continued wraithlike existence of the Labor Board mere ly serves to confuse thinking and to clutter up the road. This is 8 question for Congress to decide. It should end the legal life of the War Labor Board now by an im- mediate repeal of the Smith Con- nally "Anti-Strike" Act.
 The repeal of the act would have more than one advantage. It would terminate the farce under which the Government is now obliged to take strike votes at the expense of the taxpayers and SO to appear to sanction or approve the strikes call ed as a result of such votes. It would end the powers of plant seizure granted to the President. Such plant seizures even in war time represented a questionable way of dealing with many of the situa- tions that arose. Tn peacetime this power is wholly out of place.
 Representative Smith of Virginia, co-author of the act that bears his name, has himself introduced a bill to repeal 1t and to abolish the War Labor Board. Congress could clear the air by taking such action with out delay.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
A SECRET HONOR ROLL
(New York Sun)

NNeW 4OLh 0uk1J
 Tn the Gestapo files in Berlin searchers have found list of 2,30G persons in England who were to have been immediately arrested ii and when the proposed invasion succeeded. In addition there were not only directions for taking over publications but orders for the dis solution of 389 societies and I'll public companies and instructions to wipe out all Y. M. c. A. and Masonic institutions, the Odd Fel- lows, the Rotary and the Co-opera- tives. Among the persons listed for arrest were, of course, all who had been prominent in the government but it was extended to include al- most everybody of sufficient i'm portance to have had anti Hitler remarks quoted in the press, the leading editors and writers of the publications in which they appear ed and even the cartoonists who had lampooned the Axis. There never was any doubt, of course, that had Hitler been able to seize Eng land he would have held 1t with a bloody and heavy hand. The find ing of this blacklist therefore does not reveal anything new. It does, however, create an honor roll or those who won special Nazi enmity.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
Europe News Hungry By Biu Cunningham

rest will have it. don't like to think about it. How can anybody, even the United States De oeIenoeo against that sort of weapon?"
 But the French civilians showed no interest in the news about Russia or Japan They aren't in- volved of course.
 It's not that the French aren't interested in in. ternationa affairs. You'd never guess 1t from the street scene which is crowded and pretty dingy, but great deal of serious discussion evidently goes on among intelligent Frenchmen concerning the fate or France in the world that IS to be- I've been meeting some and getting reports from others especially from my friends the British correspondents, who are familiar with Paris and have many contacts here The French are pleased at having been included In the plans of the great powers far as they've gone but they're disappointed that the plans haven't gone further Their particular objection is that nothing has been said about the west bank of the Rhine: They want full protection for France up to that point They don't whether the region is tnterna" tionaiized, nor now it is done but they do want dependable buffer between themselves and any more Kaisers or Hitlers.
 But count to whom was listening shrugged and said, But we can wait In another year weu probably be asked to occupy as much as we can handle The American Congress will start demand ing that your boys be brought home, the British will be sick of 1t by then and it'll be up to us oc nobody again.
 This count was Q frank and cynical sort of citis gen. thought he was pretty fresh in the bargain: Somebody had already asked him why the French Ieia all over the Americans necks two months ago a"" are obviously bored with us now.
 "That,s our nature" he said. 'Tf somebody brought a flock of Eslmos to Paris everybody would rush up and kiss them and make great fuss abouu them The Eskimos the finest people in the Wcros everybody would shout A week later, they'd say, oh yes the Eskimos, they're very fine people. WeeE after that 1t would be, the Eskimos they are quto nice. The next week 1t would be, the@ Eskimos. on they're all right The next week. good Lord, are these Eskimos still hcre?"
 With this character the minor matter of hnera. tion wasn't even important enough to mention ano the fact that thousands of American Kids died cown there on those beaches and ID these long reads crv- ing the Germans out didn't seem to enter into the consideration Of who's getting tired Of what J
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
Views Of The Press

Arthur from Australia to the Philip pines, and eventually to Tokyo. No troops, as far as the dispatches go appear to have made better rec- ord and few commanders, whatever their training and background have done better work than the New England and National Guard lawyer-soldier who led them much Of the time, Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wing of Vermont.
 Because of casualties, transfers and other incidents of hard fighting the 43rd is not so greatly New England outfit as when it sailed. Nevertheless 1t still bears the stamp of this area and contains great number of former National Guard men and officers from these States.
 It is good news that 1t is coming back and 1t is to be hoped that the word "soon," used in that con- nection means soon.
 The men will be as welcome as they will be glad to get home.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
Globesters

Around the world in six and one quarter days! Time when days considered quick going from New York harbor to European ports best and fastest moving boats.
 Eventually advanced to lesser time for passage, which sounds like contradiction Between five and six days to the Atlantic quite out of the ordinary But took to the air for those little trips he time Speedd up One day you had tea with friends in Paris you dned with pariamenarans in Ere the next night you went to the movies in New York City.
 Crossing the country or the ocean in twentyfou hours became common occurrence which will become more accmate ourselves to that advanced period known as postwar.
 The press of late last week stated that the first regular globecircing air service giving the world preview of what will be commonplace, has been announced by the United States ArmyS Air Transport Command.
 The globecirclng flights will be known gobeSters Great distances will longer great Gradually Der muda the Azores Cairo Lulang in China and Kansas City will be drawn closer together Such ausonS far apart the poeS the antpodes will become outmoded in that all lands will be drawn closer together when the globers begin their regular flight schedules Connecticut to Cairo will be measured not in miles, but the length of time of the globester accelerated trip
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24

fensive helped drag out the war.
 How many extra American lives were lost as a result of the squirt given to German hopes is not known But what is known is that U. S. supply off cers immediately placed huge orders for more tanks more artillery, more of almost everything as a re- suit of the heavy supply losses in the bulge That is one reason why acres and of surplus supplies are scattered over the country today.
 What never leaked out at the time of the battle is that 10000 D. S. infantry troops flown straight from the United States into the bulge by the Air Transport Command Losses were SO heavy and men so tired that sufficient shock troops not avala ble in Europe It was the longest air-borne troop carrying feat in history
 Also it never leaked out that certain U. s. Intelli- gence officers in Washington warned that the bulge attack was coming and that nothing done to prepare for it. These a few of the things Con- greSS could investigate with profit to future military efficiency. Here are some more.
 Congress doesn't know it. though the Army does that captured German officers have thrown sig nifcant light on the Belgian bulge operation.
 They have testified that the bulge operation planned as early November (though it didn't get started until Dec. 16 It planned by Hitler him. self German generals taken by circutous route to Hitlers headquarters then near Frankfurt where they searched and placed in chairs four feet apart
 Remembering how one colonel brought in bomb concealed in brief at the last staff meeting Hitler took no chances. His Gestapo men wanted to be able to both sides of the chair in which each general sat; also, didn't want the generals to know exactly where TIiter's headquarters were.
 Hitler then unfolded his plan The generals de- bated whether the German Army could squeeze enough gasoline and supplies from other operations to start the bulge attack Most of the generals opposed They thought the idea was sheer suicide But Hitlers mad fanaticism decreed that this one last attempt must be made to break the American line and get through to Brussels.
 It nearly succeeded.
 Lt.-Gen. Kurt Manteuffel among those who left the meeting heartsick Before beginning the offensive he went to see his wife and children to tell them he expected to them again. Later he was to surprise himself by getting far Bas togne, where he sent the message to Brig Anthony c. McAuliffe to surrender McAuliffes now
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24

true Actually, that is not the whole story.
 joint committee of State War and Navy and other government department planners has been working on plans for the occupation of Japan for over year. They prepared a-number of plans to meet varying situations
 The most extreme called for complete govern ment of Japan with the Emperor removed. The most lenient called for government of Japan by its time government. The plan actually adopted is be- tween the two extremes but closer to the latter than the former. Right wrong, 1t was decided to retain the Emperor. Removal of the Kaiser in 1918 didn't keep Germany from going on the rampage genera tion later.
 If the Japanese emperor had been removed or ders to the Japanese people would have read, The United States Military Government in Japan" Under the plan adopted the orders to the Japanese people written by the U. S. Military Government just the same, but they read We, the Emperor of Japan" order so and After the orders are written, they given to the Japanese government to pass out as their In this respect, the military government imposed on Japan is more strict than the token cupation of Germany after the last How 1t will work out remains to be seen.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
New Farmers

The National Planning Association says there aren't half enough farms this country to satisfy the people who going to want them Maybe kind of expert advice, plus few practical demonstrations to prospective new farmers might help solve the problem.
 First there should be removed from the vocabulary of the ctborn that slightly contemptuous and wholly misn formed phrase ust farmer They should be gver to u- derstand that who works the land isn't just someone who couldn't make living in the city.
 They should get idea of the lifetime of storedup wisdom and the hours of unremittng toll that to make brain and one pair of hands the unpredictabe
 abe forces of nature And they should know of the fore sight and readustment of plan that occasionally saageS something out of apparently hopeless situation.
 They should be aware of the ruinous disappointment that SO often visits sartest and hardest working ler of the soil They should what disease can do to crop and the effect much ran hail. frost drought and wind on growing things.
 And then if they still want to try it, they should re- ceive blessing and chance to buy farm There probably would be enough to go round.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24

occupying Japan today in about the same fashion it occupied Ger many after the first World War loosely and with disastrous con- sequences leading to World War II. The Japanese situation is therefore worth examining closely to see if the old mistakes are be- ing repeated.
 In the sense that the Japs are being allowed to keep a form of government of their own choosing, the comparison being Germany in 1913 and Ianan in 1Q45 may be
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
IT'S COMING BACK
(Hartford Times)

N&AoA VANAA @AASS'
 The Times spoke with no claim to precedence or second sight when 1t remarked on Wednesday that New England's 43d division has done its full duty in the nearly five years 1t has been in service and that 1t should be sent home rather than assigned to occupation duty in the Philippines. Word that that was to happen was not long in forth coming, no more in fact than 24 hours. ..-...,
 From Guadalcanal and Munda to New Guinea and the Philippines the Division was an important factor ir1 the drive which for nearly three years of hard fighting took Mac
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
EXIT
Boston Post)

William Joyce, the Lord Flaw Flaw" of the German radio, failed to outwit the British government He sought sanctuary behind Amer ican citizenship, but overlooked the technicality of going to Germany on a British passport. He goes to the gallows, thereby, as traitor to England. He. was also a traitor to all free people of the world. Few will mourn him. Such a man made Belsen and Dachau possible.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24

several hours afterward, and then the news was mostly passed by word of mouth.
 To appreciate the blessings of a free and full-flowing press, one needs to have seen the Europe of this time. There are some feeble beginnings now, but there was nothing before that, and 1t doesn't take much imagination to see what it was in the dark and dirty days of Goebbels. Prac- tically nobody in Europe actually lrnou,c ,rhat hac hannanad In khe
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-09-24
Proper Title

Some historians have been having well-mannered &C., ademic dispute the proper title for the just cuded Should it be called the Second World War, the World War Part Two the Globa War, the Atomic War or what? Fst-
 We're not going to enter the argsment Instead ong tc persist in the hope that manknds intelligence Ind good will advance to the point where it be called truthfully the Last World War.