davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Patton and the Nuzis

In his offhand remarks the other
day likening the Nazis to our own
political parties, General Patton left
the impression that he did not re-
gard it as particularly important
to remove Hitler's followers from
places of influence in the area occu-
pied by the Third Army Now, how
ever, in special statement, he has
been at pains to make clear that his
choice of analogies was "unfor-
tunate" and that he is carrying out
General Eisenhower's denazification
directives as thoroughly as possible.
General Patton's timely amend
ment of his own words is reassuring,
and it is made more reassuring still
by the fact that General Eisenhower
has summoned him to give a per-
sonal report on just how the Third
Army has been handling Office hold
ing Nazis in Bavaria. The subject is
unquestionably important, involving
one of the key objectiveS of the
Allied occupation of Germany. This
objective-as set forth in the Pots
dam declaration-is to Danish from
German life all vestiges of Naziism,
the political philosophy and system
that made Hitler's crimes possible.
To this end General Eisenhower
and his British, French and Russian
counterparts on the Allied Control
Council have been specifically in
structed by their governments to
see to it, among other measures,
that the National Socialist party is
completely dissolved and that all
Nazis who have been more than
nominal participants in it's activi-
ties and all other persons hostile
to Allied purposes shall be removed
from public and semipublic office,
and from positions of responsibility
in important private undertakings"
That the Potsdam conferees really
meant what they said when they
agreed on this policy is amply con-
firmed by the fact that the Control
Council in Berlin has just issued
Appoint proclamation which spe-
cifically emphasizes that the de-
naziflcation is to be thorough.
In his statement, General Patton
declares that he knows of no out
and-out Nazis still holding positions
OF Importance in his area of COM
mand. He makes the added point.
however, that many Germans paid
party dues because they were afraid
to DO otherwise and that although
I'VE will eventually remove them,
we must put up with them until
we have restored sufficient organi-
zation to Bavaria" There is some
thing to be said for this view. but
General Patton would have been
better off if he had said it without
mentioning Democrats and Re-
publicans.
Evening star., 1945-09-27

industry from war to peace. And, while
they are opposed to the kind of unem-
ployment insurance legislation recon-
mended by the unions and the Presi-
dent, they are not sorry that the
defeat of such legislation is being inter-
preted as a rebuff to those who insist
on striking and delaying production
of much-needed goods.
One of them recalled that the late
President Roosevelt recommended to
Congress an appropriation Of $500, ,000.-
600, when at the outset of our entry
into the war the automotive industry
was converting to war production. There
were dire predictions that heavy unem-
ployment would prevail until this con-
version was completed. The House
committee. however, listened to Sidney
Hillman, Paul McNutt and others who
spoke in support of this appropriation.
and decided to wait and~see. 1t did
nothing-and as it turned out, there
was no need.
Some Of the members are anxious
to get the people back to work at
peacetime production and services,
without setting up an unemployment
pay which might keep many of the
workers from accepting work which
they are capable of doing.
y
Strikers are not entitled to unemploy-
ment pay. under the system now in
vogue. But thousands are out of work,
and now on the unemployment benefit
rolls, because other workers are on
strikes and not producing goods needed
to keep the first group busy. There is
the provision. too that workers may
remain on unemployment payment
unless they are given suitable" employ
ment, which has been interpreted as
meaning employment comparable to
that which they had during the war.
Obviously, it would be easier to take
SIS week for doing nothing than to
work for $25 a week UNEMPLOYMENT
benefit payments, too, are not subject
to withholding tax, and workers who
received S25 weak for his toll would
take less home because of this tax than
the man or woman who did nothing.
1t is reported here that since the
war halted some $4,000 people have left
Wichita, Kans a war production center;
that $4,000 workers have been laid off
Yet, it is said, there remains much work
to be done. Indeed. it is difficult to get
all workers needed.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Thomas Burke

Thomas Burke, dead too soon. Is
not certain to be remembered He
was one Of the writer's of modern
England who did not dramatize
himself, and the penalty of his
modesty may be oblivion. But some
thing of what he did will remain
as an example for those who follow
after. He was historian of Lon
don, and London always needs a
historian. The chronicling, however,
must be more than mere cataloging.
Charles Dickens set a fashion which
many have imitated-a fashion for
caricaturing people, -emphasiz-
ing their distinctive features, max
ing them too much like angels or
too much like devils to deserve to
be called human.
1t was the critical genius of Austin
Harrison that discovered in Thomas
Burke's stories and verse a quality
of sympathy and understanding of
the London scene that was an i'm
provement Of the Dickens model.
The English Review printed some of
the best work the interpreter of
Limehouse ever did. Granted, the
touch was melodramatic. Thomas
Burke never lacked Imagination.
But neither were the folk he wrote
about impoverished in that respect.
Perhaps it was just because they
were dwellers in slums and dock
yards that they were so definitely
romantic people. When they got
drunk, they really were drunk, and
when they committed a murder, it
was truly a dandy"
Thomas Burke knew those
Thames-side, Whitechapel, Clerken-
well, Hoxton, Clapham Common
communities like the back of his
own hand. He was born among
them, was an orphan boy among
them, grew up to manhood among
them and never got very far away
from them. The difference between
them and himself was that he had
the power to put words together
on paper whereas they could put
words together only in spoken form
When he had gained success in his
profession of literature, he still
looked more like City clerk from
the Kingsland road that he said
he loathed than any other variety
of person.
The formal accounts Of Thomas
Burke's life do not mention 'The
Chink and the Child" but it wa
that tale that put him over the top
David Wark Grifith adapted 1t fol
Broken Blossoms" and It ,wen,
round the world with millions see.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
This Changing World
Bv Constantine Bro,On

to police the world
Ample concessions regarding Poland
and the Balkans were granted to the
Russian leader, who then agreed to
participate in the San Francisco Con-
ference, provided that two other men,
bers of the Soviet Federation the
Ukraine and White Russia-were also
admitted to the family Of nations
Russia, which even at the height Of
her collaboration has been suspicious
Of the empire, wanted three votes of
her own in the family of nations to be
created, to offset the votes of the British
Dominions. But the important thing is
that Russia was never more than mildly
interested in the idea of world conabor-
alton as conceived by the western
powers.
The London Conference has proved
to the American Government-although
high officials are still reluctant to ad-
NIT this publicly-that the Soviet in
tends formally to clinch her zones of
influence throughout the world before
the United Nations Organization be-
comes a practical reality. Commissar
Molotov's adamant attitude In regard
to Italy, the Balkans and the Eastern
the Italian colonies was result Of
Moscow's determination that all the
territorial changes desired by Russia
should be accepted and confirmed by
the Allied Council of Foreign Ministers.
Then when the UNO became working
organization, all of Russia's expansion
ist aims would have been approved by
the Big Five and the new organization
would be the caretaker Of U. S. S. r.
which had been widely expanded politi-
cally and economically.
This fundamental Russia policy Is
now so clear and definite that the
American Government will be COM
PEELED to take stock Of the whole in
ternational situation in the near future
and determine our next move.
Political leaders in this country wish
to extend a large share of assistance
to Russia. But there are certain limits
to how far it Is safe for this country
to go in making concessions.
Unless there is radical change of
heart in Moscow and unless Premier
Stain recognizes that it is to his ad-
vantage to cooperate with the other
powers, the administration may be
compelled to revise its present policies
Secretary Byrnes will soon make his
report to President Truman. On the
basis of that report, moves will be
made to try once more to bring Russia
into line. If this fails, Mr.. Truman will
be compelled to revamp Americas for
eign policy on an entirely different
basis
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Letters to The Star
Proposes Two Vice Presidents
to Solve Succession Issue
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The solution to the problem Of the
presidential succession and the stream
lining of the executive branch of our
Federal Government command a large
share of public attention these days. I
would like to suggest plan which would
accomplish both objectives.
In brief, this plan calls for an amend
ment to those sections of the Consti-
tuition having application to the vice
presidency. Two vice presidents would
be elected instead of one. One desig-
mated vice president for foreign affairs,
would coordinate all those depart
ments interested primarily in relations
with foreign nations. Under him would
be put the present departments of State,
War, Navy and new departments of
air and foreign commerce, each headed
by a secretary as at present. The Sec
ond vice president would be designated
vice president for internal affairs, and
would coordinate departments pri-
marily interested in domestic matters.
Under him would be the present De-
~
terror, Commerce, Labor and Agricul-
ture, with the present Post once
Department incorporated in the DEPART
ment of Interior. Each of these de-
partments would be headed by secre-
tary. The Senate would elect its pre-
siding officer, as does the House OF
Representatives.
The vice president for foreign affairs
would be the senior vice president, sue
ceeding to the presidency in the event
Of the death or the Interpretation of
the President The Secretary Of State
would succeed him as acting vice presi-
dent for foreign affairs, thus insuring
continuity in the administration of this
department.
Three advantages Of this proposal are
obvious. In the first place, the presi-
dental succession would be relatively
secure; secondly, the successor to the
President would be more conversant
with the daily administrative routine
and administrative problems than he
is at the present time; and thirdly, the
departments interested in foreign af-
fairs and those interested in domestic
matters would be co-ordinated. Infor-
nation available to one department
would be more readily available to other
interested departments. The President
would have two principal assistants to
deal with, and many matters now re-
ferred to him could be decided by these
subordinates. G. M. E.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The effort to provide a uniform $25
week unemployment benefit payment for
the entire country apparently has failed.
This has been a pet idea of labor
leaders-among them Phillip Murray,
head of the CIO, and William Green,
president Of the AFL. 1t was backed
by President Truman, in his message
to Congress.
The Senate, which passed re-
vamped bill to fill out from Government
funds If necessary 26 weekly payments
to the unemployed workers at the State
unemployment rates. turned its back
squarely on the uniform $25 a week
payment. The House Ways and Means
Committee, to which the Senate bill
was referred, not only voted IA to 10
to pigeon-hole this legislation, but it
also turned down, 18 to 6. motion
by Representative Forand, Democrat,
OF Rhode Island, to force action on a
bill to provide the uniform $25 week
payments.
1t may be that some unemployment
insurance bill may eventually be brought
out of the Ways and Means Committee
depending largely on future conditions.
But, it seems conclusive standard
s25 weekly benefit payment in all the
States Is sunk.
Members of Congress do not intend.
they say, to be stampeded into Federal
legislation which breaks down State
standards. They figure the State Legis-
latures, representing the people of the
States, are better able to determine
what is a reasonable unemployment
benefit payment. They see, as a matter
Of fact, no more justification for a
uniform unemployment payment than
for uniform wage throughout the
Nation. A uniform scale of wages
forced on the States would be regi-
mentation of the workers by Govern
ment to an extent not dreamed of in
the past.
Further, members who opposed the
bill in the House Committe are anx-
ious to learn more about the unem-
ployment situation In this reconversion
period. They say frankly that, with a
wave of strikes on the home front, 1t
is impossible to ascertain whether or
not there is much real unemployment.
They do not like the way the labor
leaders and some of the unions are
putting their own demands for wage
increases ahead Of reconversion of
Evening star., 1945-09-27

Most bankers said that they believed
it to be sound public policy to en-
courage the building up of savings
account.
Bankers were asked their opinions
about what psychological motive in
duced people to save. These bankers,
who see savers all the time, expressed
the opinion that the dominant induce
ment to save is uncertainty of the
future. A secondary reason, they said,
is scarcity of goods.
Most important of all in the opinion
of these bankers was the probable post
war behavior of savings depositors. This
is the crux of the problem of imitation.
The majority of bankers said that
they did not expect that the with
drawals of savings would be heavy.
This study, which elected answers
from over 5000 banks of every size in
every part of the country, is the most
comprehensive study ever made of saw
ings practices. The results have very
great public significance. They bear on
question which may affect the eco
nomic future OF every person in the
land.
And they support the contention OF
that section of opinion which has held
all along that the public. after the
war, would buy cautiously and selec-
lively, that there would be no spending
spree, that war bonds would not be
thrown recklessly into the market and
that, with reasonable Government poll
cies, there need be no serious imitation.
The people of America behaved fairly
well during the late war. They bought
bonds, responded to various war ap-
peals, made reasonably few complaints
and produced prodigiously. Sometime a
patient historian ought to write COM
prehenSive account Of civilian behavior
from 194l to 1945. Such an account
would probably show not only that the
general public behaved better than its
Government expected 1t to behave, but
that in many instances the public, as
. whole. made wiser judgments than
it, o6aciA betteTA
Evening star., 1945-09-27

Secretary OF State Byrnes is expected
to return to Washington in the near
future.
Attempts are being made in high off,
cial quarters to minimize the failure of
the London Conference Of Foreign Min
listers, although 1t Is admitted privately
in the same circles that the results Of
the meeting have been negative, at best.
Should the eleventh hour attempts to
reconcile the views of the Russians and
those Of the Americans and British fail
the administration may have to con-
slider a reshufiling of this country's
foreign policies in which our security
will have to be based primarily on our
own physical strength rather than on
the high ideals of the San Francisco
Charter. 1t is still hoped in high
quarters that this shift may not become
necessary.
Now that the war is over, there is
no longer any need to conceal certain
developments which led to the San
Francisco Conference. When the rep
resentatives of the United States, Brit
ain and Russia met last year in Wash
ington to draft the Dumbarton Oaks
agreement, it became apparent to the
American and British delegates that
Russia was only academically interested
in the matter. Moscow was building up
its own security by complete control
OF states situated not only at her boun.
daries but hundreds of miles away.
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference
ended inconclusively. In the months
which followed, Russia evidenced even
less interest In the idea of international
cooperation. while the public in the
United States and Britain was told
nothing except that international CO.
operation would save the world from
another catastrophe after the defeat
of the Axis.
Because of the lack OF real interest
in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference,
President Roosevelt and Prime Minis
ter Churchill arranged to meet with
Premier Stain.
At Yalta the Russian leader spoke
with a certain degree of scorn at the
idea of having about so countries
banded together to keep peace in the
world. He strongly favored a perma-
nent tripartite alliance of the great
world powers-American, Britain and
Russia-to rule the world in their own
way and thus prevent any outbreak in
any part of the globe. He spoke warmly
about Americas primary interests in the
Western Hemisphere.
-
When the principles of the Atlantic
Charter, which recognized equality be-
tween the big and small powers. were
mentioned. Stain asked scornfully
whether we expect the great" military
powers such as Nicaragua or Ethiopia
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Let's Have the Facts
By Raym ond Moley

Imitation is largely question OF psy-
chology, rather than finance. Large
quantities Of money and small amounts
Of goods are elements Of Importance,
OF course. But If people refuse to bid,
imitation doesn't come off.
This sound principle is fully recog-
nized in the annual report Of the saw
ings division of the American Bankers
Association, made public yesterday.
Since the savings banks of the country
are the custodians of amounts Of funds
which. if suddenly thrown into the
market for goods, would cause serious
consequences, bankers and officers of
the American Bankers Association have
carefully studied the behavior of de-
positors to determine what may be
coming. The results are vastly reasur-
ing.
Saving in both mutual savings banks
and commercial banks have increased
at an unprecedented rate during the
past year. In commercial banks, savings
increased, Is per cent in 1914. That
meant an increase of $1,000, 900 900. In
mutual savings banks, the increase was
over 81 500 100000, or IA per cent. The
total amount in both types Of banks at
the enQ OF lS4f WdS % ott0VV,VVV,VUU.
The increase in demand deposits in
personal accounts, since 194l, is nearly
$4,000 o0o, 900, or 12o per cent. During
that period, time and savings deposits
have increased Al per cent.
This is not all the story. During 1914,
deposits In postal savings increased 81
per cent and, since 1941, have increased
nearly 80 per cent.
Much of this Is deferred purchasing
power, but a considerable amount Of
it is genuine savings The problem of
prudent banking is to have as much
purchasing power kept as savings as
is possible. That, obviously, is good for
the banks. And considering the danger
Of imitation, 1t also is good for the coun-
try.
The ABA savings division sought
the opinion Of several thousand bank
ers about the policies they were fol-
lowing concerning savings. The answers
have : vital general interest,"
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Power and Peace

There are some 1000 people living
in Skaneateles, New York, where
Mrs. Jonathan Wainwright waited
nearly four years for her husbands
return from Japanese prison camp.
Two nights ago these small-town
neighbors and a few others from
surrounding communities listened to
some warning words which merited
the attention of a national audience.
The speakers were Secretary of
War Patterson and General Vain
wright, who were attending cele-
bration in the latter's honor. Making
his first public address as Secretary
of War, Mr.. Patterson stressed the
Importance of maintaining our mill
tary strength as a bulwark of world
peace, his thesis being that the
United States can have peace only
in a peaceful world. General VAIN
wright was even more specific, calling
for maturity of outlook and some
real recognition OF the fact that we
will surely place this Nation in
jeopardy if we fail to maintain the
means Of protecting ourselves. ''The
responsibility" he said, rests on
every citizen, for if ever we should
be defeated as Nation every citizen
will suffer alike. The insistence on
a strong America must rise from the
overwhelming conviction of all our
people that this country means so
much that they will put Its we'll
being above their own"
1t is hard today to find much
evidence of any widespread insist
ence on strong America. Our
military machine is being dismantled
with all possible speed. Some people,
who should and probably do know
better, are busily engaged in trying
to discredit our military leaders,
magnifying their mistakes and con-
veniently ignoring their brilliant
successes. Others, if one may Judge
from the rising volume of industrial
strife, are far removed indeed from
any thought of putting the we'll
being of the Nation above their own.
In a word, rather than maintain
strong America, we seem to be falling
over ourselves in our haste to dissi-
pate our strength. And in so doing,
too few of us seem willing to face the
fact that we are trifling with the
peace which has cost us so heavily
in human lives and human suffering.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Still Life

On single slender legs the blue cranes
pose
Innopdble among the sharp sea
\ grasses
While from the cult sturdy sedwind
bloUs
And through WaUe-surpe q fishing
dory passes.
Sir bent-Dinged oulls fy ldzily and Jip
In patterned arcs. Three porpoises
spint, le1ping
From sea to sun. Smoke marks dis.
tdnt ship
But still blue cranes are set apart and
sleeping.
Sloto surt breaks softly on the yelloto
sand
Where quiet birds IN quiet beauty stand.
ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Ciuno Had 1t Comino
the Kansas CITY Timss

from the Kansas City Times
When Count Ciano was tried and exc.
cuted by order of Hitler and Mussolini
there was some feeling of sympathy in
this country for a supposedly agreeable
and lively young man who had met such
an unt1mely fate. But Ciano's diary re-
veals him as perfectly callous fellow.
gong along with Mussolini without pro-
test and recording with apparent adj
mratlon the ruthlessness Of his father.
in-law.
Clano was an accomplice in aggres-
slVe wars that amounted to unprovoked
mass murders. At the end, fate caught
up with him and he had to take what
so often he had dealt out to others.
Evening star., 1945-09-27
Not Yet Ended
from lie ProRres de Hull.

rFom Le ProRreS de Hull
So Tar as information and publicity
are concerned, the newspaper will re-
tain Its supremacy over radio for a long
tme to come. The strike of newspaper
deliveries In New York gives us con-
elusive proof of this, within the last few
Gays. The big dailies in that city, not
oelne able to deliver their newspapers
to the homes, had to sell them at their
own offices, or at improvised centers Of
distribution. This sale went on without
interruption for "a hours of every day.
Thousands of people made queues four
deep to buy their newspapers. Although
the New York radio multiplies its broad
casts to keep the people informed of
the spot news. the people demanded
and would have their newspaper, no
matter what 1t cost. The regime Of the
newspaper is not yet ended.