davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Freedom of Speech

If Cecil B. De Mile goes through
with his announced intent to seek
a Supreme Court review of the right
OF union to take him off the air
for refusing to pay an assessment
he will present that tribunal with an
interesting, if not a difficult, uues-
ton.
Mr.. De Mile is a member of the
American Federation of Radio Art
lists, which levied an assessment of
81 on him and other union members
to finance fight on a political issue
in the recent election. Mr.. De Mile,
on grounds of principle, refused to
pay the assessment. The union then
suspended the producer, with the
probable result that he will not be
able to participate in his weekly
radio show.
Contending that this violates his
constitutional right of free speech,
Mr.. De Mile brought suit against
the union in the California courts.
When the decision went against him,
the producer announced his intent
to appeal the case.
If the question ever reaches the
Supreme Court, some of the judges
may find it troublesome. Recently
the court refused to permit the State
of Texas to regulate the activities
of labor union organizer on the
ground that the regulation in that
instance interfered with the organ
izer's freedom of speech. In the
De Mile case, something of the re-
verse is presented, with the producer
contending that union is enforcing
one of its regulations in a manner
which denies him freedom of speech
over the air. The two cases, of
course, are not identical. But in
laymen's eyes, the principle seems
to be substantially the same, and
it will be interesting to see what
the Supreme Court has to say if it
is ever called upon to announce
ruling.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Air Power and Luzon

The Sixth Arn1y'S seizure of Amer
ican-built Clark Field. where our
Philippines Air Force was swiftly
smashed after the attack on Pearl
Harbor, serves as dramatic re-
minder of Luzon's great significance
in relation to Formosa and China.
Generally speaking. ever since
MacArthur's return to the islands,
interpretations of that far-reaching
event have mainly emphasized how
control of the Philippines-particu-
larly Luzon-will enable us. with our
surface raiders, submarines and
planes. to make death gantlet of
the vital sea life lines between Japan
and its southern holdings. But this
is not all it will do, for of almost
equal Importance is the fact that it
will place us in position to unleash
major and unceasing land-based
air offensive against strategically
crucial Formosa and key japanese
installations along the Chinese coast
and far inland in Eastern China.
The location of Clark Field illus
trateS the point. Saipan, which was
our most advanced air base in the
Pacific before our landings in the
Philippines, is more than 1000 miles
from Formosa and more than 1000
miles from Hong Kong. But Clark
Field which will unquestionably be
put into full operation as soon as it's
II airstrips are repaired and Japa-
neSe artillery is silenced in the
nearby hills, is only about 900 miles
from Hong Kong and fewer than 500
from Formosa. Moreover. when the
whole of Luzon is in our hands and
we are able to utilize the northern
end Of the island. these distances
will be further shortened, so that the
flight to Formosa, for instance, will
be in the neighborhood OF but $50
miles.
From the standpoint of air power,
in other words. Luzon's significance
in relation to Formosa and China
promises to be not unlike that of the
British Isles in relation to Western
Europe. The enemy's homeland will
still be far away, of course, but some
of his most important positions
comparable to the ones Hitler once
held In France and the Low Coun-
tries-will be exposed to constant
hammering from the sky. most of
them being well within range not
only of our superheavy and heavy
bombers but of our medium bombers
and our fighter planes as well.
The potentialities thus implicit in
the current battle of Luzon can
scarcely be exaggerated. With Clark
Field in our hands, and with other
fields bound to fall to us elsewhere
on the island. the time seems near
when our land-based air power,
wholly apart from our carrier task
forces, will begin to strike on major
scale against the Asiatic mainland.
preparing the way, in all probability,
for the reduction of Formosa and an
invasion of China. The japanese
war lords must feel more than a
little upset when they give thought
to the prospect.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Progress in China

Not in many months has there
been a more heartening report on
China than the one just released by
the White House. The report, which
covers parts of larger report made
in December by Donald M. Nelson to
President Roosevelt, is couched in
carefully qualified language but it
makes plain that the Chinese situa-
ton has undergone a marked i'm
provement since last summer and
that it is likely to become progress
sively better from now on.
Mr.. Nelson's findings are based on
two trips he made to Chungking as
the Presidents personal representa-
tive one last September and the
other in November. In September
he found a generally discouraging
picture, economically, politically and
militarily. But in November, as a
result of steps taken in the mean
time by both our own and the
Chinese government, the outlook was
SO much brighter that his report
predicts not merely military i'm
provement for 1945 but also "far-
reaching gains on the economic
front"
Credit for much OF this is attrib-
uted by Mr.. Nelson to the changes
made in the American command in
China, the appointment of General
Hurley as Ambassador, the arrival of
American technical experts and a
shakeup in Generalissimo Chiang's
cabinet. Concrete gains include:
Q) Positive action to check the jap
anese advance; (2l creation of
Chinese war production board CO.
ordinating the country's home front
effort for the first time and promis-
ing a speedy and sharp increase in
arms output; 90 the ALLEGATION of
additional transportation facilities;
(4) far closer cooperation between
the Chinese and American high
commands, and go the start of an
organized program to bolster civilian
morale. a program which will be
helped greatly by growing evidence
Of China's expanding productive
ability and by moves to strengthen
the national economy.
Another bright development in
China this year, a development of
immense Importance from the stand
point of supply, will be the opening
of the Calcutta Running pipeline
the worlds Longest the Ledo-
Burma road. And although Mr..
Nelson's report is guarded on the
subject, there appears to be at least
some chance that the Chang gov
ernment and the Chinese Commu-
nists will become genuinely cooper
ative, q change that would do much
Evening star., 1945-01-28

to speed the end Of the war and
strengthen the bases OF the peace.
Even without this, however, accord
ing to the report, there is every rea-
son to look forward to continuing
military and economic progress in
China.
In addition, looking beyond the
immediate situation, Mr.. Nelson de-
clares that China has the capacity
to replace Japan as the leading in
dustrial nation in the Orient and
that 1t will do so If it makes the most
OF its opportunities and receives
proper American help. In any event,
he says, it should develop into
market of enormous size after the
war. and this will benefit not only
itself but us as well. Mr. Nelson
does not guarantee anything, but his
hopeful report makes out good case
against pessimism despite many re-
cent signs of Chinese deterioration.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Saturday Night Both

1t is time to say something abous
Saturday night baths. AS one reads
the imaginative marvels of a bright
postwar world it is interesting to
know that taking bath will be easy
and very pleasant. In fact, if the
dreamers have their way, it will be
nearly automatic. AS soon as one
steps into the shower stall an elec-
trio eye will turn on the water at
just the right temperature. Soap
will be mixed with the water, so one
will not have to grope desperately
for an elusive, slippery cake of con-
gealed grease. And when the water
has done its duty, warm, drying air
will circulate like a breeze in mid
summer. No longer will there be a
moist spot in the center of ones
back.
A generation ago taking the weekly
bath was major process. A lad,
however recalcitrant, knew it was
inevitable. On a cold midwinter
night it seemed unnecessary labor.
1t was not like a hot summer after
noon, when one had put in hours of
sweaty, grimy work haying or cul-
tivating corn. 1t was logical to take
bath if one needed it. Besides, it
was fun to dive into the cool, dark
water of the swimming pool in the
creek.
The Saturday night bath in the
farm kitchen in winter was vastly
different. The water had to. be
heated in kettles and pans on the
top of the big kitchen stove. The
tin tub-the same one in which the
clothes were washed-was placed in
front of the stove. Water was
precious, and about four inches was
the accepted depth.
There were two methods, neither
satisfactory to boy. One could
stand up. BY reaching down one
could get water and toss it over HIM
self. This was the quicker method,
but not favored by mother, who
always was skeptical of complete
coverage. The other method was to
sit in the tub with ones knees under
his chin and the edge of the tub
cutting a crease in his back Just
above the fourth rib. Both methods
Evening star., 1945-01-28

virile quality and magnetism Of those
compositions are only to be compared to
the playing of Strauss waltz by Strauss
himself. Sousa has been welcomed
here before, and it was the universal
expression of opinion on his last visit
that the organization had reached that
perfection attained only through the
leadership of genius ana the ensemble
of strikingly talented musicians. -
Sousa's musicians are in perfect form,
and under his matchless leadership the
band Is continually winning new lau-
rels."
The Star for half century ago kept
account OF the day-to-day progress-or
-. lack of progress-on the
Fost OffIce new Post once Build
Workers ing. One hundred and
seventeen men, it was
chronicled on January 81, 1895, were at
work on the project. "The average" I"
allegedly, 'is being bravely sustained,
and while the revised prophetic
estimate as to completion is still unfin-
ished, there Is every reason for believing
that the structure will be ready for busi-
ness before the 18th century comes to
an end. Two years, ten months and
twenty-eight days have elapsed sines
work was begun, and there Is little stone-
setting being done on the first
course Of the third story"
Evening star., 1945-01-28
The Muurrus Trial

The trial of Charles MaurraS which
has just opened in the city of Lyon
has an interest far transcending
even his picturesque personality.
Apparently the prosecution is not
specifically accusing him of being a
tool or accomplice of the Germans.
The charges. as reported in current
press dispatches, are that he is "an
intellectual perverter of French
youth, an arch enemy of republican,
ism and an inspirer of Vichy poll
cies," and the prosecution will en-
phasize the "pernicious influence of
Maurras' political philosophy of sew
eral generations"
That Charles Maurras is, and al
ways has been, openly hostile to the
Third Republic and about everything
it stood for, he himself would be the
last to deny. Indeed, at the present
trial, his written defense is a de-
tailed condemnation of the repub-
lies entire political record from it's
proclamation in 1870 down to its fall
with the armistice of 1941 and the
establishment of the Vichy regime
headed by Marshal Petain. Maurras
went even further in his bold defiance
by appearing in court wearing Pc
tain'S personal badge on his coat
lapel and citing as proof of his pa
triotism that the old marshal once
described him as "the most French
of the French" Maurras maintains
that his trial is entirely political and
that he is accused solely of advocat-
ing ideas which he had both the legal
right and moral duty to hold and
propagate.
Charles Maurras, now 76 years of
age, throughout his long life has
been an outstanding champion of
that older France which never ac-
cepted the Revolution of 1889. That
intellectual and moral schism has
never been healed and has chroni-
cally disturbed French national life.
The irreconcilable opposition which
Maurras typifies is more than "roy-
alism" in the strict sense of the word.
"Authoritarianism" would be a bet
ter term to describe the conservative,
clerical and highly nationalistic
state and society under strong lead
erShip which Maurras and his class
had in mind. That was the platform
OF the movement styled "L'Action
Francaise" which was founded as far
back as 1898 by Maurras and the
equally famous Leon Daudet.
This dynamic movement did not
become specifically Royalist until
1901, and even then was regarded
askance by the traditional Royalist
leaders. mostly stuffy aristocrats of
the Faubourg Saint Germain. The
ideals of L'Action Franchise were
undoubtedly embodied in Marshal
Petain, who. on his first accession to
power, sincerely hoped for the crea-
ton of revitalized France on au-
thoritarian lines. And it appears
equally certain that a large section
OF French public opinion then either
Fundamentally agreed or hopefully
acquiesced in the Vichy experiment.
No wonder that evidence of wide
spread dissent with the governments
prosecution of Maurras is appearing.
His trial should thus be what the
French call cause celebre," and
its outcome will be watched with
peculiar interest.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Our Underpuid Teachers

A piece of must" legislation on
this years calendar of local bills is
an increase in salary for the public
school teachers.
Existing pay scales in the public
schools have been in effect for
twenty years. In the same period
there has been continuous effort to
maintain or to increase the educa-
tional standards that teachers must
meet. Living costs have gone up.
Other classes of public servants have
received pay increases. But the
teachers - specifically, Washington
teachers-have been stuck in
groove. In elementary teacher pay,
Washington is fourteenth in seven
teen comparable cities, twelfth out
of fifteen in Junior high teacher sal
aries, eleventh out of sixteen for
senior high teachers, at the bottom
of the list in salaries of senior high
principals and assistant superin-
tendents and next to the lowest for
junior high principals. Our super
tntendent's salary is far below that
paid in comparable cities.
Such comparisons are interesting,
but the situation as it exists in
Washington is more important. The
base pay for elementary teachers,
who must have college degree to
begin with, is 81 400; for junior high
teachers, 81, 800, and for senior high
teachers, who must have a master
of arts degree, it is $1,000. Police
and firemen now start at 81 900. 1t
is difficult to get even the lowest
grade of stenographers for Govern
ment work at $1,400 Congress
members complain, with Repre-
sentative Stefan of Nebraska, of how
hard it is to keep secretaries at
$4,000. Rates for unSkilled labor
have gone far ahead of the pay for
teachers, whom we hold responsible
for the instruction of our children.
In addition merely to meeting high
living costs in Washington, teachers
are expected to maintain relatively
high standard of living and attend
summer courses to keep abreast of
latest methods.
The effect of this underpayment is
showing itself It is becoming in
creasingly difficult to maintain all
desirable educational standards and
at the same time retain personnel.
Only third of the freshman class
at Wilson Teachers College last year
registered this year as sophomores.
There are too many other good jobs,
at higher pay, that attract teacher
material.
The wise teacher who sticks to her
knitting is, of course, assured of an
employment which may be lacking
after the war for some of her sisters
who quit for more money. But an
increase in pay is deserved as a mat
ter of simple equity, and, from the
point of securing and holding COM
petent teachers in Washington, it
has become a real necessity.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Hate or Fair
By the Req. Robert Moten Williams, D. D.,
Pastor OF Asbury Methodist Church.

A young man called to my atten-
ton an article that has been trou-
bling him since last winter. It was
written by Rex Stout, chairman Of
the Writers War Board. The title is,
I'VE Shall Hate or We Shall Fail"
Now, the young man has found
that article logical and realistic"
but Is troubled because 1t runs con-
trary to his Christian training. Yet
he wonders: isn't it true that by
hating the Nazis we can do quicker
and better job?" A ponderous query.
Mr.. Stout opens his article with a
few paradoxes: Love your enemies;
shoot them; starve them; kill them;
destroy their cities; burn their fac
tories and gardens, but love them"
The author contends these phrases
do not make sense. OF course, he
agrees that Christian imperatives and
ideals are the noblest expression OF
mans highest aspirations. But" he
says, when men shrink from the
hard necessities imposed upon them
by human defects and stupidities by
hiding behind the skirts of those i'm
peratives and ideals, there is nothing
noble about that"
Mr.. Stout himself is troubled. But
what is more, he has troubled others,
including the plastic young. They
want to know If we are going to have
lasting peace, as he contends, by hat
ing the Nazis.
How shall we answer a question so
difficult? We, in America today, are
active on two fronts Of planning.
On one, for physical victory, and on
the other, for lasting peace. To be
successful in both directions we will
have to be wiser than any other
generation in all history.
Logically, we should be the wisest,
for we have the past for a guide as
well as the greatest impetus to learn
ing to supplement all of the accumu-
lated knowledge OF the ages.
But We are facing a great danger
in our thinking. Statements squirting
people to hate ought to be made not
at all or, If made, should be made
Evening star., 1945-01-28

specifically as q personal aversion;
that Is, Il we want lasting peace"
Mr.. Stout has followed logical
course Of reasoning as to why We
should hate the Nazis but only within
a limited area. His thinking Is with
out dimension. Logic on basis Of
what we see and understand may not
be so logical with wider understand
ing. Spreading hatred is dangerous.
Today we hate our enemies; tomor-
row, our friends. Hatred is virus.
We are fighting the Nazis today for
unconditional surrender. Our boys
are fighting to beat foe that we con-
slider to be inflicted with national
insanity. Is that not reason enough
for subduing the foe? The writings
OF Ciausewitz, Bismarck, Hitler and
Goebbels have infected the thinking
OF the German people. Courageous
and enlightened Germans, who were
fortunate enough to flee from the
Reich, escaped the national insanity
that has been forced upon the Ger
man people still at home.
My heart burns over the unspeak-
able cruelties that the Nazis have in
flicted upon the Jews, the Poles and
many other peoples. I detest the in
stigators of such atrocities.
However. cannot beat my foe to
unconditional surrender and then
say, as Lincoln said at the close of
the Civil War, with malice toward
none and charity toward ALL" unless
the caliber of my thinking is at a
higher level than that of expedient
hatred.
1t is unnecessary for us, the de-
tenders, now turned aggressors, to
hate with the pathologic hatred of
the Nazis. We should have enough
incentive to want to stop maniacs
without intoxicating hate patterns.
This is the hardest job of all in
times of war. But consider the alter
native. Surely with greater reasoning
power than is present on today's
horizon, we can beat the Nazis with
out continuing an endless and i'm
placable hatred in the peace years
to come
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Capital Sidelights
By Will P. Kennedu.

Colleagues of Representative Thomas
G. Burch of Virginia have been fasci-
mated by his tales of the fairy stones"
or natural crosses, which are a phe-
nomenon of Patrick County, in his dis
trict. So abundant are these fairy
stones" crosses in various forms-the
plain Roman, the square Maltese, the
st. Andrews and the Greek cross-that
the Fairy Stone Park covering 5000
acres has been named after them. They
were called Crystal Tears of the Blue
Ridge" in an article in Nature maya
zine by Hiram Jefferson Herbert. The
story is that: Years before King Pow
hatan reigned in that fair country, the
wood nymphs and the fairies were
dancing and playing in quiet sunny
glade. Some of the sprites had come
to fountain to fill their Jars with
sweet water when a messenger ap-
preached. His face was weary, his
manner sorrowful. He had journeyed
far. all the way from Calvary. and
sitting near the cool, musical splash
OF the fountain, he told of the cruci-
fixion of Christ. Upon hearing the
story, the fairies wept Their tears
fell to earth and were crystallized into
small pebbles and on each was formed
a small cross of startling beauty and
form" Such Is the legend of the
fairy stores-a beautiful tale. still be-
heved by many natives, beloved even
by those who doubt. The little crosses,
abundant in Patrick County, Va, in one
area of about so acres occur commonly
down to a depth of about 10 feet.
Within this restricted space they can
be gathered as can acorns beneath an
oak and also they are to be found
deeply imbedded within the stone of
the mountain.
In "An Economic and Social Survey of
Patrick County" by Maynard C. Conner
and William B. King, it is stated that
these stones are staurolite crystal The
crystals are freed from the rock In
which they are formed by decompo-
sition, after which they are scattered
through the SOIL They are considered
the most interesting mineral in the
United States. The best deposits are
in the vicinity of Bull Mountain, where
it is narrated that the fairies gathered
to hear the story of the Crucifxion.
John Fox mentions the fairy stones in
his novel, 'The Trail Of the Lonesome
Pine" in connection with the mountain
girl heroine. Girls of Patrick County
wear these crosses as necklaces, brace
lets or pendants. Congressman Burch
gave the writer several. Similar crosses
are reported in limited number at Duck
town, Tenn; in Fannin County, Ga;
in Ontario, in Brazil and near St.
Gothard, Switzerland, but nowhere as
well formed or as numerous as in
Patrick County, which was settled
largely by Scotch-Irish families.
Representative Gordon L. McDonough
Republican of California;, new mem
Der who succeeds the able and popular
John M. Costello, has seven children,
including five sons in the armed serv-
ices-Lt. q. g. Gordon, jr.; Thomas
and James in the Navy, and Vincent
and Paul in the Army. He himself Is
an industrial chemist, specializing in
metallurgy and the manufacture of ex-
plosives. He was elected to two public
offices within six months and sacrificed
a four-year term as member of the
Board of Supervisors for two-year term
as Representative.
Evening star., 1945-01-28
Freedom of News
From the London (Ontario) Free Press.


From the London (Ontario) Free Press.
Senator w. A. Buchanan, president Of
the Canadian Press and publisher of the
Lethbridge Herald, has made timely
broadcast In which he asks that the
Canadian Parliament should put on
record clause in the peace treaties
declaring for freedom Of news. Before
the war the news agencies Of the die
tatorial countries and to lesser extent
that Of France were government con-
trolled. They sent out to the world their
own accounts of what was going on in
these countries. The Senator Is right in
what he says that distortion of news in
the interests of the dictators has been
one Of the underlying causes of this
war;"
Evening star., 1945-01-28

at least Of the present generation Of
foreign visitors were here; the great
grandchildren of some Of them viii be.
And incredible as 1t may seem, trouble
stimulates the movement. Had 1t not
been for war. washington might have
been "only sleepy Southern village.
mere whistle stop on the Potomac"
never Mr.. Rhodes cosmopolitan" COM
mi1ntty.
Evening star., 1945-01-28

resulted In plenty Of splashes on the
floor. Saturday night baths have
definite place in our Nations his
tory, but many lads have felt the
custom of bathing once week in
winter was greatly overrated.
Evening star., 1945-01-28

The electoral college has estab-
ished something OF q record by
being the only college in the world
to have only one graduate IN 10
years.