davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
CHINESE CAPTURE
SINCHANC FIELD

CHUNGKING, July 11.-W.H-Chi-
nese columns have recaptured the
former American air base of Sin
chang in Kiangsi Province and
driven a wedge from the East into
the Japanese trans-continental cor
ridor, communique disclosed to-
day. Indications increased that the
Japanese were abandoning their en-
tire Southern Kiangsi salient.
Capture of Sinchang, the fourth
American airfield re-taken by the
Chinese in recent weeks, posed a
direct threat to the former prln-
opal w. S. airbase of Kanhsien,
g miles to the Northeast Suich-
wan, just north of Kanhsien, al
so was formerly an important
American base.
Besides Sinchang, the air bases
of Manning, Liuchow and Tanchuk,
all in Southern KWangSi, have been
recaptured.
After taking Sinchang, the Chi
nese drove forward seven miles to
capture Nankang.
1.-THE enemy fled toward Kanh-
sien on the Kan river with our
forces in pursuit. the commum-
que said.
Meanwhile, other Chinese ground
troops are advancing toward KWeil-
in, in Kwangsi province, after cap
turing Chungtu, last important bar
rier before the strategic Japanese
held city. Woochow, another air
base town, also was threatened by
troops advancing from Tengyun
along the west river.
In third major thrust, the Chi
nese captured japanese base
five miles from Paoching, captured
by the enemy last summer, from
which the japanese launched an
abortive attack on Chinese and
American bases.
The Chinese central news agency
said that the japanese were "hur-
rledly'' abandoning their positions
in Southern Kiangsi and that the
japanese garrison at Kanhsien had
begun a retreat Northward Tues
day.
The news agency said the enemy
could retreat by two possible routes
toward Hengyang on the Canton
Hankow railway, which is CONTROL
ed by the Japanese, or try to break
through the Kan river to Japanese.
held Nanchang, on the South shore
of Poyang Lake in Northern
Kiangsi province.
Allied planes already have been
out in force, harassing the re-
treat, the news agency said, and
in the past three days have attack
ed warehouses, dumps and hun.
dreds of junks and sampans load
ed with looted goods.
Meanwhile, however, the Chinese
communique revealed that heavy
fighting was raging some IA miles
Northwest of Kansien where two
Japanese columns engaged Allied
forces.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12

WASHINGTON, July n.-R -
The War Department is investigat'
ing the case, of two army privates
in China who have written home
that they were condemned to die
for the death OF. a Chinese woman.
The soldiers are Pvt John v.
Brennan, West Hartford, Conn.
and Pvt. James Cooper; Norwood,
Ohio. A letter from Brennan to an
aunt telling of his court martial
was turned over to Senator Me.
Mahon D.-Conn), who asked I'm
dersecretary of War Robert Pat
terson to investigate.
Cooper's case was turned over
to the War Department June 16 and
the Department said Monday. that
"full information in reference to
Ibis court martial is en- route here
by courier mail Carried by an off,
cer) and should be received within
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
NAVAL GUNS SEND
u. S. S. DICKERSON
DOWN TO DAVY JONES

WASHINGTON, July 11.-WD-
The Navy revealed today that u.
S. naval guns were compelled to
sink the high speed transport u.
S. S. Dickerson after Japanese
planes blasted her into hopeless
hulk off Okinawa and killed 81
of her crew of $50.
The enemy planes bombed and
set the vessel afire last April 2
while she was >steaming some ID
miles off Okinawa. After one OF
the planes dropped its bombs, the
Dickerson was swept by flames
and rocked by explosions.
A moment later a second Jap
plane roared in from dead astern,
clipped two snokestacks and
crashed ito the bridge. killing all
personnel on the forecastle.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
ANDERSON CLAIMS
FOOD SHORTAGE MAY
LAST LONG TIM E

NEW YORK, July 11.-P)-Secre-
tary of Agriculture Anderson said
today that food shortages in the
United States could easily last
from one to two years after the
end of the japanese. war"
1--WE would be short of some foods
such as sugar, fats and oils
even if the war ended tomorrow,
he said at press conference.
Anderson said earlier in speech
before the Advertising Federation
of America that America cant
feed the world" and added:
We've got to make that clear
and positive from the outset, OF
we are inviting an awful lot Of
misunderstanding. trouble and ILL
will. Even if we were to ship across
the oceans every pound of food we
produce, we couldn't feed the
world
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12

WASHINGTON, July H. R -
The Army promised today to re-
duce its doctors by 1000 by May.
1946-a rate of Rehabilitation that
was criticized by a Senate Military
subcommittee as too slow.
Plans for releasing doctors were
disclosed at Tie committees hear
ing on the relative needs OF the
civilian population and the Army
for medical care. =.
Senator Johnson ID. -Colo.} said
"the leisurely attitude OF the Army
toward this problem, is somethins
that this committee ought not tc
accept lying down"
Brig. Geh. Robert W. Berry, re
presenting the War Department
took exception "to the use of the
word 1eisurely' -, but johnson
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
OFFICIALLY DEAD
FOR TWO WEEKS, HEN
COMES BACK TO LIFE

MONTREAL, July 11.-UD-
A resurrected hen strutted
around the laboratory of the
city morgue today after being
officially dead" for two
weeks.
A farmer shipped the hen to
the morgue in a sealed box
on June % with a note saying
he believed it had died of paris
green poisoning and wanted
to know the facts. --.-
Chemists were busy SO the
"corpse" was pushed aside and
yesterday when they got
around to the autopsy the
chicken raised its head and
emitted a weak cluck. After
being fed, it got back on its
feet.
Now the chemists don't know
what to do with the chicken
because the farmer didn't en-
close his address.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
Australian Troops Break Through
Japanese Defenses At Balikpapan
In F ace Of Heavy Counter Blows
Plunge Three-Mile Wedge
Inland From Island Core
Enemy Assaults Thrown
Back; Other Gains )
Recorded

MANILA, Thursday, July H.
W.p)--Australian troops in heavy
fighting have broken through jap
anese defenses at both ends of the
Balikpapan beachhead and have
hammered a three-mile wedge in-
land from the center, Gen. Dou-
glas Macarthur announced today.
The breakthrough in the center
of the beachhead took off from the
coastal road in the area of Seping-
gam-Ketjil, three miles east of
Balikpapan, and rolled three miles
inland through a series of wood.
ed hills before the Japanese re-
covered and staged counter-at-
tack. The enemy assault was
stopped and thrown back, Mac
Arthur announced.
Other troops which cracked the
Japanese lines northeast of Mang-
gar airstrip, at the Eastern end Of
the beachhead, hammered out an
other half-mile gain in drive that
reached one and half miles North
east of the alrfield.
The advance came after a week
of heavy fighting around the air.
field, where the Japanese have
established powerful road blocks
supported by artillery and mortars
in an effort to halt the Australian
drive against the East Borneo oil
fields to the Northeast.
A third Australian column at the
western end of the beachhead adj
vanced to within a half mile Of
200-foot high Mount Batocha:npar.
powerful enemy stronghold pro-
tected by minefields and supported
by coastal guns, after Selling COM
plete control of Balikpapan Bay
and the Pandansari refineries.
Mount Batochampar is about six
miles north of Balikpapan.
Planes of the 18th Airforce join
ed the ground assault, with Is P-38
Lightning fighter-bombers raining
fire-bombs on enemy positions IL
miles inland from the beachhead.
Another force Of more than 20
B-24 Liberator heavy bombers
plastered enemy barracks at Band
jermasin, administrative center
of South Borneo some 200 miles
southwest of Balikpapan, and ship
yards at the oil shipping port
of Samarinda, go miles North.
Ground action in the Brunei Bay
area of North Borneo was confined
largely to patrolling, but more
than so Australian fighter-bomb.
ers bombed and strafed the Kudat
and Jesselton areas while 10 med
ium bombers of the 18th Airforce
hammered enemy positions west
of Beaufort. Another group OF 80
Australian Spitfires blasted strong
points and suspected enemy troop
concentrations south OF Miri.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
WEATHER

eastern Standard Time)
by U. S. Weather Bureau)
meteorological data for the "a hours
ending 1880 PM, yesterday.
Temperature
~ am; 7:30 am. "a; 1870 pm. 81;
7:3O pm. rs.
PRECIPITATION
Total for "a hours ending 1880 pm
III inches.
Total since the first of the month
aga inches.
TIDES FOR TODAY
IRON the Tide Tables published by U.
% Coast and Geodetdtc Survey.
High Low
wilmington - AIN. 6 ABA m
-, 12.01p.m. 6:55p. m
Masohboro Inlet 1880 9:52a.m. 3.38a.m
1o:o6p.m. 3.43p.m
sunrise SILL Sunset 7:25; Moonrise 8:0t
an; Moonset 9:57p.m.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12
NIMITZ ANNOUNCES
NEW AIR STRIKES

GUAM, Thursday, July 12.-W'D
New strikes by the Nays inn
proved Corsair fighters and Aveng-
err torpedo bombers against the
Japanese homeland were announce
CONTINUED on Page Three; Col 81
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12

Continued on Page Five; Col 5
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12

North Carolina: Thursday-Clear to
partly cloudy with moderate temperature,
A few afternoon thundershowers along
south coast.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-12

Continued on Page Three; Col s.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03

workers solely by reason of their race, creed
color, or nationality. Such control of dscrimina-
tory employment practices, the bills state is for
the public welfare prosperity, health, morals and
peace of the people of this State. Employers
covered by the Council bill are those of eight or
more persons. The CIO bill includes all
Both bills forbid discriminatory specifications
in advertising, hiring training or other condi-
tons of employment including labor union mem
bership and privileges.
To administer the act the Council bill calls for
a four person commission, each to be paid $500
per year, TO be appointed by the Governor~with
the consent of the Senate, and to be known as the
Michigan State Commission on Fair Employ
ment. These persons shall be full time employees
and shall formulate the necessary rules to carry
out the intent Of the act They may if they so
request. receive cooperation in the reporting OF
cases of discrimination from the Michigan In
employment Compensation Commission Mem.
bers Of the commission or its duly authorized
agents are empowered TO make the necessary in.
ves,igations and to issue subpoenas for the pro.
duction of witnesses or evidence
The latter provisions of the Council bill are
like those of the CIO. The CIO bill however
instead Of proposing an independent four-man
full time commission. sets up three-man per-
diem commission 10 be paid al rate Of twenty
five dollars per day. This would meet only when
necessary and would function as new wing OF
the Michigan Department OF Labor and Industry
Under both bills whenever any person makes
a charge OF discrimination in employment against
an employer or labor union the commission is
empowered 10 investigate the validity OF the allie
cations. Where allegations are admitted 10 be
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03

true on the part Of all parties concerned the
commission may conciliate or use other informal
educational methods to settle dispute.
When such methods fail in cases which appear
valid the commission is empowered to call a
hearing of all parties concerned in which the
person complained against shall have the right
to file an answer. Testimony is presented under
oath at the hearing. Upon this the commission
bases ruling. In such a ruling, contingent
upon the facts presented, the commission may
either dismiss the case under consideration or
issue cease and desst order to the party found
to be engaging in discriminatory employment
practices.
Both bills are also similar in that they en-
power the commission to petition the Circuit
court for enforcement of its orders. In this pro-
cedure II files complete transcript of the record
and the Circuit court assumes jurisdiction of the
case. On the basis of facts, contingent upon SUBJ
stantial evidence, the court enforces modifes
or sets aside the order of the commission.
The bills, in empowering the Circuit court to
enforce orders of the commission if supported by
substantial evidence do not however, prescribe
for the court the specific penalties against en-
ployers or unions which are found to be en-
gagged in practices prohibited by this act Viola
tors who fail to comply with court order would
be subject to the penalties for contempt of court
The jurisdiction and DEGREES of the Circuit
court are final except that they are subject to
on appeal by either party
Any person dissatisfied by final order of the
commission may in the same manner as that
prescribed for the commission. appeal 10 the Cir
cult court for review of such order Commence
ment of appeal proceedings does not. however,
unless specifically ordered by the court. operate
as stay OF the commissions order.
The commission under both bills is also en-
powered to engage in an educational program in
cooperation with established educational agen-
cles of the State for the purpose of eliminating
discrimination and prejudice based upon race,
creed, color, national origin and ancestry
Punitive provisions of the act apply specifically
only 10 persons who shall wilfully resist or inter
tere with the commission or its members IN the
performance of duties pursuant TO this act These
shall be punished by fines or Imprisonment
a provision in the CIO bill, not in the council
bill empowers the commission 10 Investigate
other types Of discrimination besides those found
IN employment
* X
The similarities and differences in the two bills
have now been pointed out The reasons for
the differences advanced by both the CIO
and the council will be discussed next week
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03
The WATCHTOWER By eor>w,4x,ns

poll tax. Many Negroes, knowing they could
not vote. have failed 10 pay the tax for many
years Until their TAX IS paid up 10 date they
cannot register and vote, even though the pri-
marcs wide open 10 them
Skipping from Alabama to the Iodine State,
South Carolina. we find that the judiciary COM
mlttec Of tho state senate has voted 10 repeal the
poll tax However this is just the first Of many
steps which must DC taken. A referendum must
DC taken. a two-thirdS vote on constitutional
amendment must win, and succeeding lccisla-
,ure must then pass II. But again il shows how
The ~nd is blowing
Then up steps Maryland The Free State. and
votes, IN It's senate TO repeal the state i'm crow
car law Most people Go not know that Mary
land has such law because j; does not apply
70 trans and buses passing through, only 10 pub
lie transportation within the state The cereal
IS believed certain 10 pass the lower house and
Maryland then Will Join the other TWO border
states, Missouri and West Virginia which have
no Inn crow car laws
No credit should be taken from those white
SoUtheyncrS who for one reason or another have
G., Sadcd IN their own communities But now
Is good time to remember that these acts reflect
he education, agitation. protest pressure court
actions and lobbying that has been done over
hc years by Negro organizations such as the
NAAC.P. by militant elements in the Negro
church. ny the Negro press by the National
Urban League. and by labor organizations
The spade work. the constsn; slugging the
skilltul lobbying even for seemingly hopeless
causes. the story told over and over again by
the IA ACP. should not be underestimate
Undoubtedly It's victory Of last April in the Su.
premo court IN tho Texas primary case has spur
rcd southcrnerS 10 action. The same kind Of
work carried on ny more and more groapS OF
both races working in cooperation can speed the
day OF full democracy for all
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03

energy some people In America
waste going about their daily tasks
in fighting crouch" waiting for
Someone to dare mention the race
problem.
But though do not qualify in
either respect. ! am sure that emo
tional tension and lack OF humor
most often distort our sense Of pro-
portion in approaching this whole
problem. | feel secure in saying
this because, in the last 10 years.
h have spent the greater part OF
my work life going in and out of
interracial gatherings; most Of
these meetings being the high
water mark in the observance Of
some special" day. week or month.
On many such occasions. the OBJ
vious intent was to generate
enough good will TO make all white
folk love all Negroes and all Ne
groes love all white folk.
I have felt that both groups in
such gatherings had figuratively
girded their good will loins" TO
sally forth in the major effort OF
proving to the world that they
were not really afraid Of. each
other, And likewise have ina.
gined that the relief experienced
by both groups, once they were
back home, was much like that of
the all-day shopper. safe in his
own domicile, taking off a snug
fitting pair of shoes.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03

poll tax or nc would do 50 BY eNcCUtivc order.
Further indication OF how the wind IS blowing
in Georgia Is found IN the speech o. State Senator
Roy McGinty who urged that the primary laws
be retained in the state constitution and that
properly qualified Negroes bc permitted 10 vote
IN tho Democratic primaries. The Georgia sen.
ate shouted him down IN voice vote but ten
years ago no man would have dared make such
q speech,
Not to be ou,done by is ncichhorS Alabama
officials spoke up for Negroes voting IN the
Democratic primary which has been. as every.
one knows, lly-whitc election Governor
Chaunccy Sparks and GaSSncr McCorvcy,
Democratic state chairman both declared Ne
groeS who believe in the Democratic party should
vote in the primaries Tins is fine step for
ward and probably means the death. eventually.
Of the white primary" in Alabama, but there is
q temporary hitch. Alabama has a cumulative
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03

startling question. Are these
white Frenchmen you speak Of
or niggers?" The Freedman
paused, looked perplexed and
then said. They are Frenchmen."
The American flushed . trifle ut
such obvious nsivete. but pushed
his point by saying. Yes. I know
they are Frenchmen but are they
white or black? Because IL you
are talking about black folk, then
that Il an entirely different sub
ject and we have to 20 slow with
them on this Atlantic Charter
idea"
| do not recall, in all OF my ex-
perience, having witnessed an &C.
caslon where a single statement
seemed SO completely 10 disor-
ganize a group. For. as | recall II,
every one of the six officers
seemed 70 sit up at attention as
though by a common command.
And then the verbal feathers be-
gan to fly. II is not necessary here
10 go into detail about all that
happened, but the essentials are
important.
The American officer sensed the
situation at once and swung into a
recital OF the Negro problem in the
United States, winding up with the
reminder that America had dealt
with it long time. But this did
not prevent the Englishman from
making the mistake Of saying that
he had the feeling that America
had Tot been too successful in its
solution. This of course brought
scathing denunciation OF the Eng
fish policy in India. Then the Pole.
with some excitement, emphasized
the fact that he could not see the
difference between what the Amer
leans were doing to their colored
people and what the Germans
sought TO do 10 all people who
were rot German. Both the Bel
gian and the Australian seemed to
know very little about the problem
other than what they had observed
IN England. as they watched the
white and black American Army.
But they had evidently been i'm
pressed with the work performance
OF the Negroes as well as with
their good soldier behavior. They
therefore expressed the opinion
that the stories which they had
heard from white Americans die
not seem to fit the case at all
From every aspect it was a bad da,
for American and international re
lations.
In all my war work abroad,
never again heard so pointed 4
discussion Of the subject But
did hear variations. For instance
II was common experience TO hear
individual Enghshmen expressing
their resentment at the white
Americans insistence that tn G
English set up barriers against the
Negro soldier: or 10 see and hear
white Canadian soldiers defending
their colored brothers in arms
agains. the insults OF white Ameri-
can soldiers
All this indicates that We Ameri-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03
THE RACE QUESTION

hampers the war efIor; and gives aid and com
fort to the enemy
The Selcc;ive Service Act applies to all Of US
Cologcd Americans are cheelfully complying
with II. they arc buying bonds doing home
work contributing to every worthy war effort.
and giving up their sons, 10 fight bleed and dc
so that the Na2i philosophy Will be forever
elaborated
And at the very same time. when oul hearts
are overlooking with grief. when our sons and
daughters arc suffering untold agony and laying
down their lives over thcre".swe are confronted
with exactly the same MAJ, philosophy over
here. as cXcmplifed by the action Of the team
Sters' union. e
We cannot any longer criticize the South for
It's treatment. of our colored brethren: tho race
problem is not southern one; il is national
one. and we cannot ignore H. The time has
come when all of us must think this matter
Though 70 It's ultimate conclusion and We must
courageously stand UP and be counted
We believe the two most powerful influences
IN the United States are the Christian church and
The press We bcsccch both Of them in every
state IN the Union To- take strong stand on this
important vital problem Of the races. to the end
that when victory is finally achieved and the
peace declared and our sons and daughters come
triumphanty marching home that they will find
New America, where all Of us will be Judged
not on account OF race color. creed religion. or
previous condition Of scrvitude but on our abil-
ny, Our honesty. our ideals our patriotism and
our sincere belief that God Almighty still re.
mains supreme in the universe
Any-other course will brand US as bTa1en I'M
adulterated hypocrltes-OScar W Baker Sr.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-03-03
AMERICANS TAKE THEIR
PREJUDICE TO WAR

One evening in l9i3 ! was stand
ING in club in London where SOL
diers OF many different nationali.
ties we're smoking and talking
away their furlough time The
title group OF which l speak here
was gathered at one end o.
smoking lounge. They were all
officers and they represented Eng
land. Australia. America. Norway.
Belgium and Poland.
Quite CASUALLY the discussion
turned 10 the matter OF the peace
settlement after the war~ard the
kind OF world in which people
would be living. Il was the Ameri-
can officer who suggested that. if
the Atlantic Charter we're followed
20 the letter. We would be on the
road 20 permanent peace. He made
quite a telling statement at the
conclusion OF which the French
man asked, do you mean 10 have
all people covered with the bene-
fits OF the charter" To which the
American quickly answered. Yes"
This fortnight reply seemed TO
catch the imagination OF the
Frenchman for he Immediately
launched into an emulation Of the
characteristics and potentialities OF
Equatorial French Africa. where
he had spent months in training.
He emphasized the fact that this
section OF the Empire had been a
haven 10 all Frenchmen during the
da-kes; hours OF France.
In the course Of this glowing
statement. the American officer
broke in very abruptly with the