davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31

they might in the end come out with a
bloody nose, but otherwise intact.
Turkish ambassadors in London and
Washington so far have followed the
advice given the Ankara government to
refrain from any action which may be
considered, even by implication, as be-
ing unfriendly to the Russian govern
ment.
The Ankara governments concern over
the possibility of having to defend its
territory by arms has been increased
since the end of the Moscow conference.
Although the Turkish general staff is
fully aware that large Russian armies
are boxing" Turkey, the Turkish diplo-
mats believed in the past that they had
a margin of security because the de-
fensive- offensive treaty of alliance with
Great Britain is still valid for another
Is years.
Although the Turks realized that
Britain Is now weaker than she has
been for many centuries, they felt that
her moral power was sufficient TO pro-
tect Turkey from an unprovoked war.
Since the Iranian developments, and
particularly since the Moscow confer
ence, their hopes for British support
have become "bearish" This feeling
that they can hope for little from the
western democracieS has been enhanced
by the cautious advice given the An
kara ambassadors in Washington and
London.
Two roads are open to Turkey. One
is to go to Moscow and place the coun-
try in the position of satellite; the
other is to fight in the event the Rus
sian government insists on forcing the
issue regarding the villayets of Arabian
and Kars and the establishment of Rus
sian air and naval bases at Istanbul and
in Thrace.
The first road would save lives and
destruction But it would mean that
Turkey must bow to Moscow, not only
politically, but also ideologically. new
friendly" government, ready to accept
all the Moscow dictates, would have to
be established. Such a government
would have to put into effect economic
and social rules in accordance with Mos
cows orders.
Turkey is chiefly peasant country
and the only republic in the Near or
Middle East where there is no prefab-
ricated Communist theology or flfthscol-
umn. Hence the Ankara government
feels that it represents the wishes OF SO
per cent of its people if it chooses to
resist any attempt on the part OF her
powerful neighbor to make the country
into another satellite like the Balkan
states.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
Years Endino

Bright in the December dusk the rose
haas burn
Like drops OF new blood on sharp
thor,sed barren stalk,
Coldly the smell OF damp brotrn leaves
comes up
From silence OF moss-bordered flag
stone iUdlk
And silent the dead 10y BY the cdzine
globe,
Empty the nest OF all last summers
brilliant song;
Here for Dhile the solitary bitter
apple hangs,
But its hour is not long, not long.
The last OF light gloDs lime-green In
the Uest
With first star tentative In evening
sky,
And ,ohistlimg plaintipelv in farther
hills,
Somewhere the echo OF train goes
By.
Then deeper silence falls across the
dusk,
Dark hemlock trees erhale smell Of
frost;
The euening, and the evening OF the
year, descend
With all the years rich song and IRE
lost.
FREDERICK EBRIoHT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brown

Apprehensiye because the new solidar-
ity among the Big Three may spell the
doom of Turkey, Ragip Baydur. the
Turkish Ambassador in Washington,
called at the State Department Satur-
day to ascertain the attitude of this
Government In the event Turkey be-
came another liberated" country.
What assurance he was given that
the United States would not tolerate an
other aggression, regardless OF how it
might be sugar coated, is not definitely
known. But it appears that he was told
that Turkey does not need to be unduly
alarmed, since she is member OF the
UNO and the policy of this Government
is to place all problel1s involving risks
of an armed conflict before that organi-
cation.
Outside this plausible assurance, the
State Department officials are said to
have been noncommittal toward the
Turkish Ambassador, whose country now
fears she may have to fight an immeas-
urably stronger neighbor in order to
preserve her sovereignty and territorial
integrity.
From the little that is known about
the inside" of the Moscow conference
of the Big Three foreign ministers, the
Turkish and Iranian questions-which
had originally been placed on the agenda
of the conferees-were removed. The
reason is not quite clear. But it appears
that Soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov
insisted on bringing up matters of vital
interest" to Britain If his American and
British colleagues insisted on discussing
Russias aims regarding Iran and fur-
key
Under these circumstances British
Foreign Minister Bevin preferred to
leave the explosive questions of the two
Middle Eastern states in allegiance.
Il 4 x
All this is less reassuring to the Turks
than it is to the Iranians. The Teheran
government is pessimistic about its flu
ture. According to some of its spokes-
men, it feels that the country is slated
to be divided into two zones of influ-
ence-Russian in the north md British
in the south. The present independent
government is expected to be replaced
by democratic" government, which
will be mere puppet in the hands of
the two great powers.
The Turks are reported determined to
fight for their independence even if they
cannot win They know they are not
adequately prepared to resist the Rus
sian avalanche for more than couple
of months But they hope that in the
meantime public opinion of the western
democracies would be so aroused that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
General Motors Decision

The refusal by General Motors to
take part in a proceeding which.
would consider it's ability to pay"
80 per cent wage increase, when
taken together with the less publ
cized but hardly less important re-
fusal of the striking employees to
return to their jobs in line with the
Presidents request, would seem to
kill any hope of success for Mr..
Humans effort to settle industrial
disputes through the medium of VOL
untary fact-finding boards.
In withdrawing from last weeks
hearing when the fact-finding board
insisted on considering the question
of ability to pay, General Motors
advanced a number of reasons to
Justify its action. 1t was pointed
out that the United Automobile
Workers had ignored Mr.. Humans
return to-work appeal basic con-
dition of his proposal 1t was contend
ed that the question of prices and
profits involved an exercise of bust
ness judgment in evaluating future
conditions. This, General Motors
said, is not something that can be
determined from books and records,
but requires an exercise of judg-
ment acquired from long experience
"a judgment which it said the
board was not competent to exer-
else. Finally, the corporation
spokesman concluded that the issue
was not simply that of a wage dis
pute between General Motors and
its employees, but instead was "a
broad attack on American industry
and free enterprise"-an attack to
which the corporation would not
voluntarily subscribe. If the posi-
ton taken by the union-that prices
and profits should become subject
to collective bargaining or are to
be brought within the jurisdiction
of act-finding boards-is to be es-
tablished as national policy, then,
in the opinion of General Motors,
that should be done through con-
gressional action alone.
That there is merit to some of
these points can hardly be doubted.
At the same time, it seems equally
evident that if the Government is
to intervene as fact-finding
agency in wage disputes with view
to recommending specific increases,
it must have the means of ascer-
tanning the size of an increase that
can be paid in particular case
Otherwise, it is entirely conceivable
that there would be proposals for
increases which employers could not
pay without going into bankruptcy
Hence, the real question is whether
the Government, as matter of
national policy, should undertake
this function. The experience in
the General Motors case makes it
obvious that it cannot do so with
the consent of the parties, and the
result of this is that the policy must
be laid down by Congress If it Is
to be adopted at all
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31

In a democracy such as ours, where
the failures or achievements of officials
have an effect on the political attitudes
of the voters, bad news is bad politics.
For Mr. Byrnes to have returned from
Moscow, as he returned from London,
to announce another deadlock or break
down, would have been bad news, and
bad politics. The State Department
would then have had to come forth with
a dynamic program on such questions
as the revision of UNC to meet the re-
quirements of the atomic age, the flu
ture organization of Europe, and secur-
ity for small nations, asking for the
peoples confidence and support Of an
ineligible objective, or Mr.. ByrneS
would have had to resign.
He comes back, however, as the head
lines tell us, highly elated" that the
Big Three re-established unity in wide
accord" So it is good news, and good
politics. But careful study of the
long winded communique makes one
conclude that Mr.. Byrnes' must be
peculiarly sanguine and volatile nature,
easily elated For the issues that split
the London conference were either
avoided or settled exactly as the Soviets
wanted them settled In London. After
London he said he was a man OF comr
promise He bids fair to become the
greatest COMPROMISED of the American
position and prestige.
France and China were excluded.
This concession was accorded the So
vietS in advance The conference up
holds the Soviet thesis regarding the
framing and signing of the peace
treaties, which was an issue in London.
At London the Soviets indicated that
they would not bulge on the matter of
consolidating their Balkan "lebens-
raum," while the weSterners held out
for free and representative governments.
Now Mr.. Byrnes has come back with a
face-saving device, which in view OF ex-
perience is not even that. The Roman
ian and Bulgarian governments must
each be enlarged to include two repre-
sentatives of other democratic" parties
than those now represented, and must
give various assurances" regarding
elections Then the United States and
Britain will recognize" the govern
mentS
There is no guarantee that the addi-
tional representatives will even be kept
in the governments. Marshal Tito, un
der similar directives, took in Mr.. Su-
basic and we all know what happened
to him. Tito defied the Big Three
recommendations regarding elections.
Nothing happened. 1t is not words but
deeds which count-and the memory of
deeds not done. No minor country to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
Letters to The Star
Is Opposed to Shavian Phonetics
for Orthosraphic Reasons

To the Editor of The Star:
George Bernard Shaw's proposal to
commit mayhem on the silent letters
of the alphabet to render 1t phonetic
would leave us Nation of illiterates, to
say nothing of the British themselves.
The elision of silent letters alone would
throw out of work about 70 printers
in 1000, judging by a sample book page
containing 2,088 letters, 1853 of which
are silent
No. A much better scheme would be
to pronounce all the silent letters. To
pronounce words like rough" and
thought" would require some thought,
but perhaps the Indians could help us
out. More words are mispronounced than
are misspelled, but with the totalitarian
pronunciation both spelling and pronun-
citation would be elevated to a higher
plane of attainment and students would
have more time left to devote to the
study of the economics of the income
tax.
Thus George Bernard Shaw would be
pronounced "Gee-orgy Bernard O'Pshaw''
df he really is an Irishman). The "P'
could be practiced on piano.
G. B. S. was born 80 years too late
Teddy Roosevelt was our great phonetist
at time when his runnerup was still
struggling to turn the language into
pounds, shillings and pence.
But to mutilate the alphabet would
be photographic sacrilege. Alphabetical
filing systems would be turned into a
dge-podge. Telephone dials would be-
come passe. Even the pertinent Mother
Goose rhyme would have to be patched
up. And think of the stenographers
who would lose their jobs if the alpha
bet was made phonetic and the course
from dictation to typed copy was en-
tirely mechanical. Perhaps this Shaw
chap had falling out with his stenog-
rapher, but I am still quite fond of mine
1t is surprising to find that a man of
letters has turned against them.
ERNEST S. HOBBS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
Coast Guard Suqu

The return OF the Coast Guard
tomorrow to its peacetime status as
the maritime arm of the Treasury
Department brings to close four
years of wartime service of which
every one of it's World War II
veterans have good reason to be
proud. Never in its long and color
full career. dating back to 1890, has
the Coast Guard rendered more
heroic and generally outstanding
service to the Nation than the
action packed years which saw her
ships and her men in combat with
the Germans and the Japs on far
flung fronts.
Evolving from the old Revenue
Cutter, Lighthouse and Lifesaving
services, the Coast Guard since 1915
has constituted a part of the mill
tary forces of the United States. In
time of peace it operates under the
Treasury as a Federal maritime
police force. enforcing customs,
navigation, fishery and other laws,
aiding mariners with lights and
buoys and conducting rescue and
salvage work as necessary. In time
of war it becomes a part of the Navy
by executive order. Five weeks before
Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt
transferred the Coast Guard ships
and personnel to the Navy and from
December 7. 1941. on its men fought
side by side with our sea and am
phibious forces. Coast Guard
manned destroyer escorts and
cutters helped to track down and
sink U-boats in the Atlantic and
Coast Guard manned landing craft
took part in many amphibious oper-
ations. And Coast Guardsmen were
wounded and died alongside sailors,
soldiers and marines.
Now that the Coast Guard is to
part company with its wartime COM
rades of the naval service. it fully
deserves as a farewell tribute the
traditional salute of the Navy to
those who have served with honor:
well done"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
Mr.. Byrnes ExpIuins

pletely satisfying, and since it was
the explanation of compromise,
Secretary Byrnes' speech last night
fell short of being something on
which all Americans could agree.
Taken as whole, however, besides
clarifying certain questions, it was,
from his own standpoint at least, an
able defense of the new Moscow
agreements. \
1t is worth noting, to begin with,
that Mr.. Byrnes was reserved in his
enthusiasm for the results achieved
in his meeting with Foreign Com
missar Molotov and Foreign Minister
Bevin. He frankly admitted failure
to agree on the problem of Iran and
did not minimize the seriousness of
letting that explosive issue hang
fire. Similarly, though he was hope
full about an eventual satisfactory
settlement of the Bulgarian and
Romanian questions, his words in
this respect did not ring with con-
viction for two reasons: First, be-
cause it is open to debate whether
the governments of Bulgaria and
Romania can be improved much
merely by the device of adding to
each of them two members of i'm
portant democratic groups not now
represented and second, because
our recent expedient recognition of
Tito's dictatorship in Yugoslavia
suggests that we may be equally ex-
pedient in recognizing the Sofia and
Bucharest regimes after the face
saving measure of broadened repre-
sentation.
Beyond that, however, Mr.. Byrnes
presented an able explanation of
the new control setup for Japan.
The machinery agreed upon is COM
plicated and it may lead to some
grief, but it is unlike the four power
control of Germany in that General
Macarthur and our own Govern
ment have special powers calculated
to prevent a paralysis of action in
case of disagreement among the
Allies. Moreover, Mr.. Byrnes' dis
cussion on China and Korea was re-
assuring, as were also his words
making clear that the procedure
to be followed in creating a United
e Nations commission for the control
of atomic energy will not entail our
giving away any secrets prior to the
establishment of an adequate Sc
curity system against their misuse.
AS for Mr.. Byrnes' defense of the
arrangement for drawing up peace
treaties for Italy, Finland, Hungary,
Romania and Bulgaria, reservations
are obviously in order. But if the
Big Three show good faith, and If
the general conference of twenty
one nations next May will have real
power in the sense that it's recon-
mendations will receive full and
serious consideration when the final
texts of the European settlements
are written by the major victors,
then Mr.. Byrnes' hopeful views will
be indicated.
Meanwhile, it ought to be kept in
mind that the Secretary of State
had no simple task when he went
to Moscow. 1t is easy for those not
in his responsible position to criti-
CHE the failure to achieve perfection,
yet events may prove that his labors
during the holidays actually achieved
more good than may now seem
evident.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
LONG Way Around

From the Topeka Capital.
Wonderful are the ways of the OPA.
For years the Phoenix (Ariz) little
Theater group gave away cup of
coffee with each purchase Of scent
doughnut, selling between acts
Not long ago, the group asked the
OPA for sugar for the coffee but the
plea was rejected on the ground that
the coffee was not sold.
Refusing to be licked, the Little
Theater now sells coffee-with sugar
for cents, and gives away the dough-
nuts.
Sometimes. It's long way around the
red tape.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31

fantry Regiment In Korea and that
they may join it. If they wish. The
silver bowl has been resurrected on
Corregidor and will be presented to
the new unit, as reminder of the
regiments darkest and most glorious
hours. The revival of the 31st In
fantry Regiment is fitting sequel
to the grim chapter which it's gallant
members contributed to the memo
rable epic of Bataan.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31

Nowadays hangings are more or
less private affairs. Perhaps one of
the reasons why they no longer are
public may be found in the story of
the execution of the murdered Hol-
loway at the Old Bailey in London
in 1907. Thirty spectators were
killed in the crush.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
A Veterans Complaint
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
This so-called War of the Four Free
doms has proven to be misnomer for
the fighting men of the world Does
the CT of the Polish Army enjoy these
Elusive freedoms today? Does any CT
of the United Nations enjoy them?
Does the American CT enjoy them?
True, we veterans have the Four Free
doms, but in diluted form. 1t can't
be said that we have freedom of news.
What about all these secret meetings?
Yalta, Potsdam and now Moscow.
Trickery. connivings. power politics,
oppression. What a dish to set before
king! The King of Love! How his
heart must bleed for the displaced Poles
and exiled patriots of Yugoslavia.
My CT cap is off to The Star for
Constantine Brown and Dorothy
Thompson. Here we have real Ameri-
can correspondents who do not hold up
the hammer and sickle while they
trample on their own American flag.
A DISILLUSIONED VETERAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-31
Pleads for Starving Animals

Pleads for Starving Animals
To the Editor of The Star:
We have heard much about saving
fats. But now that they no longer
are needed for the war effort, let us
share some of these fats with starving
animals. Our woods and alleys hide
many an abandoned Or lost dog or cat
that has become wild from fright. No
one can catch them. They come out
at night in search of food
For example, there is a pitiful little
dog running with its tail between its
legs in Woodside. She cannot make
her own living. Have pity and put
out food. Perhaps finally you may be
able to win her confidence and catch
her. She is only one of hundreds that
neither the Animal Rescue League nor
the Pound can get. In the Southeast,
four dogs subsist on the food put out
in the woods daily by Miss Sargent of
the Animal Protective Association. If
more people would do this, some of these
starving creatures could be rescued and
saved from slow and miserable deaths
MRS. H. D. ALBIN.
Secretary, Animal Protective Association.
Memories of Christmas Differ
To the Editor of The Star:
On page A, column l of The Star,
December Is, under the heading, Writ
ers for The Star Recall Christmas of
1914 Amid Wartime Surroundings at
Home and at the Front" 1t. Col Rob-
ert Bruskin is quoted to the effect that
the festive board of the 7th Army head
quarters officers mess was served &c"
rations for their Christmas dinner.
AS matter of fact, If Col Bruskin
will recall, he will remember that the
Christmas dinner of 1914 consisted of
roast turkey with all the trimmings.
furthermore, the only times that the
7th Army headquarters was served &c"
rations was when 1t was en- route from
one location to another, except during
the initial phases of landing opera
ton. All elements of the 7th Army
were served turkey. ETC., for Christmas
dinner, 1914, except those troops actu-
ally committed to combat. For those
troops, the turkey was held under re-
frigeration and served when they were
in position to prepare such a meal.
The records of the quartermaster of
the 7th Army will bear out the fact
that emergency rations, such as &C"
rations, were served to troops only when
the preparation of fresh food was i'm
practicable. At all other times a suffi-
cient quantity of fresh meat, butter and
vegetables was served.
F. T. HEINEMANN.
Editors Note:
Excel. Bruskin was referring to G
rations of meat and beans served
Christmas evening at It'll Army head
quarters. He missed the noon day meal.
Ducks Editorial Commended
To the Editor of The Star:
Having reached no decision as to the
ACCESSIBILITY of building one bridge or
two bridges across the Potomac, may /
heartily commend and indorse the
realistic subtleness which is SO adroitly
exemplified in your editorial of Thurs
day, December 20, entitled Useful
Little Ducks? DALE RAY FERRIL.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1945-08-01
Swedish Aid Restricted
Mainly to Scandinavia
PAGE

STOCKHOLM, July 81 (By wire
less) Prince Carl a brother of
King Gustaf, and President of the
Swedish Red Cross, has returned
from visit to Oslo. He told Stock
holm neWspapermen that at pres
ent only the Scandinavian coun-
tries require help and contribu-
tons from Sweden, since the West
ern Allies only want smaller
groups of Red Cross workers for
civilian relief, and Poland unfor-
tunately is inaccessible. Sweden,
therefore, Prince Carl said, is con-
centrating' on her aid to Norway,
such as a more extensive help to
Norwegian foster children" who
receive packages of food and cloth
ing from Swedish donors
Other Swedish Red Cross activi-
ties in Norway's behalf include
continuation of the Swedish chill
dren's homes for one more year
and the invitation to 1000 sick and
fatigued mothers and their chill
dren to spend some time in Swe-
den. From July %, 10000 Nor
wegian children started coming to
Sweden to stay one month with
Swedish families.
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1945-08-01
Thousands Of Norwegian
Children To Recuperote
In Sweden

STOCKHOLM, July 6 (By wire
Sweden has invited several
thousand Norwegian children for
a six weeks stay, the number de-
pending upon Norwegian transpor-
tation facilities. The first group,
consisting of 80 boys and girls,
arrived in Stockholm on July 5.
They will live in private homes.
According to the Norwegian Tele-
graph Bureau, Sweden is sending
Norway $4,000 litres (about the
equivalent of as many quarts) of
milk daily.
Negotiations are now going on
to receive 1000 children from the
Netherlands under the auspices of
the Swedish Save-the-C Children So
ciety.