davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Byrnes
Continued From First Page.

to act in our relations with other
nations with the boldness and gen.
erosity that the atomic age demands
of u.s." Mr.. Byrnes said.
mo officials of government have
ever been called upon to make a de-
cision fraught with more serious
consequences. We must act. But We
will act in manner that will not
undermine our safety or the safety
of the world.
Our declaration of willingness to
exchange Immediately the basic sci
entif1c information and our plans
for the setting up of commission
under United Nations sponsorship
have been sent by me to members OF
the United Nations Organization
We look forward to their co-opera-
ton. ."
Under the charter of the United
Nations, we have pledged our
selves not to use force except in
support of the purposes and prin-
ciples of the charter. The sugges-
ton that we are using the atomic
bomb as diplomatic or military
threat against any nation is not
only untrue in fact but is a wholly
unwarranted reflection upon the
American Government and people. {"
Economic Threats Mentioned.
Mr.. Byrnes cited meteorological
warfare as another kind of warfare
which could be IAN even more
frightful method of human destruc-
ton" than atomic energy and he
declared that it was not enough to
rub out any one kind of warfare.
Mr. Byrnes said the job of BAN
ishing war means that I'VE must
guard not only against military
threats to world security but eco
nomic threats to world well being
He said that today many coun-
tries need to borrow money to re-
store their war-shattered economies.
Whatever loans the United States
makes, he declared, will increase
the market for American goods,
for in the long run the dollars we
lend can be spent only in this coun-
try"
1--WE cannot play Santa Claus to
the world" Mr.. Byrnes asserted,
"but We can make loans to govern
ments whose credit is good, provided
such governments will make changes
in commercial policies which will
make 1t possible for us to increase
our trade with them.''
He then outlined a long list of
proposed changes, including reduc-
ton in tariffs and abandonment of
other trade restraints, in which the
United States and Great Britain
have been reported already in agree
ment for submission to an interna-
ticnal trade conference next sum-
mer. One aim of this conference,
Mr.. Byrnes said, will be to arrange
for creation of an international
trade organization under the United
Nations,
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Planes
Continued From First Page.)

If it can recover enough money to
pay for the disposal costs. 1t does
not expect to get back any of the
original cost of the plane.
Most of the planes in the RFC
depots eventually will be cut into
pieces and smelted down But the
Navy already has smelling furnaces
and is putting up one here which
will be ready about January l. II
is this project, in fact, which the
RFC will study to determine wheth-
er it would be practical to build
smelters at its own depots.
1t costs the Navy cents a pound
to transform it's scrapped planes in
to aluminium ingots which, at best
will be "a per cent pure. The mar
ket price today for these ingots is
61a cents pound. Most of this
product is being bought by the
aluminium and chemical industries
The RFC figures, when the air.
craft disposal program is complete
1t will have about 1000 900 .00C
pounds of this secondary metal
This is, much more than the indus
tries can absorb, and since it is not
pure, it cannot be used in place OF
pure aluminium. So the problem is
to find new industrial uses for this
new national resource.
Piling Up Parts.
Before the Navy scraps its un-
flyable planes here, all the usable
parts are removed and stored. Right
now, it Is piling up many more
parts than it will ever need for its
peacetime flying fleet, but it is play
ing safe until Congress ultimately
sets policy. Right now. the Navy
Is working on the tentative figure
of 10000 planes for its air arm, as
recommended to Congress.
This would mean that 28.o0C
planes out of the Nays present
10000 would become surplus ano
would probably have to be fed into
the smelling furnaces. Perhaps, in
few years, even the $4,000 surviv-
ing aircraft will have to be scrappeo
In favor of later models.
Capt. Roark Montgomery, SUPPL,
officer for the Naval Aviation Ad.
vance Training Command here. i.
not SO sure about that last point
however.
1 don't believe Congress and the
people are going to appropriate
funds to replace every plane W.
nave" he said, lust because som,
one has invented a new one"
Capt. Montgomery believes the
Nays present late models will bt
IN use for some time and that the
parts the Navy is storing UP now
Will Keep them in shape long after
1t is possible to get new parts
economically.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Bs the Associated Press.

BY the Associated fress.
The Army Air Forces hopes to use
the gigantic B-36 in tests of the
atomic bomb on such targets as
natal v~ne.a.s
The B-36, which will dwarf any
aircraft now flying, is well along in
construction. 1t is described as hav-
ing range and bomb carrying ca
pacity far greater than the B-2s
Super Fortress.
Air Force officials told newsmen
yesterday they believe their organi-
cation is the logical group to make
tests with the atomic bomb. Thei!
argument is this: The only two
atomic bombs used so far-on Hiro.
shima and Nagasaki-were carried
by B-29s; the experience gained
and the planes used, the Super Fort,
resses, are ready for immediate
tests; the B-36 and other world
ranging type of giant bombers are
on the way.
Aircraft, Bomb Tests Desired.
The Air Force wants to test both
It's new aircraft and the bombs
One official explains that when 6
new weapon is developed it is desir-
able to exploit the use of it to the
. utmost. In doing this, they said
the possibilities of the planes tt
Evening star., 1945-11-17

,Manchuria after withdrawal OF
Russian troops.
Gen. Tu volunteered the opinion
that American combat planes flying
low over the area may have caused
the Communists to believe they
were about to be strafed. So they
withdrew from their positions" he
added.
No American planes have been
used In support Of Chinese National
| ist movements.
Additional reports Oh gunfire at
i tacks on a train bearing American
Marine Maj. Gen. Dewitt Peck
commander OF the lst Marine Diyi-
sion, and a small detachment OF
Leathernecks from Tientsin to Chin
wangtao, said the attack continued
for two days-Wednesday and
Thursday.
| The Marines returned the fire, said
one officer, who declared that 1--WE
| retain the right to defend ourselves
when attacked"
Evening star., 1945-11-17
$4,000 Army Arrests
Made During War
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Nov. 17.-Secretary
of War Robert P. Patterson, review
ing the military penal system. said
last night the number of general
prisoners handled by the Army dur
ing the war was $4,000.
This is a large number" he told
the annual Congress of Correction
in prepared address, but it is the
grist of over three years of war and
of the largest Army the United
States has ever had"
Mr.. Patterson said the Army was
reviewing the sentences of all gen.
eral court-martial prisoners now In
confinement.
"A conservative estimate places
the number of cases to be reviewed
at minimum of 27,500," he said.
OF the $4,000 general prisoners
handled, $1,000 were restored to
duty and medical discharges of other
types of release given to another
5000, Mr.. Patterson continued.
The total intake is only a little
more than halfsof l per cent of the
men who passed through the Army,
and the total in confinement on vi
day was less than half of / per cent
OF the strength of the Army
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Alcohol Test Convicfs
Pacific Veteran on
Drunk Driving Charge

The Districts first introduction In
evidence Of scientific alcohol test
in the prosecution of motorists
charged with drunken driving yes
terday neiped convict 21-year-old
sailor after Municipal Court Judge
Walter j. Casey accepted testimony
on the results of a urinanalysis per-
formed on Photographers Mate
sc James D. Hall, stationed at the
Anacostia Naval Air Station.
Hall was charged with driving
under the influence of Intoxicating
liquor and leaving after colliding
October IL in connection with the
injury at Ninth street and Consti-
tuition avenue NV, of Mrs. Nora
Martinsky, A, of the 4100 block OF
Twenty-second street NE. She is
said to have suffered a fractured
hip and pelvis and other injuries.
He was found not guilty on the leav-
ing after colliding charge.
Doctor Testifies.
DR.. Oscar B. Hunter testified a
test showing the presence of one
fourth of / per cent alcohol in q
persons system. as was reported in
Halls case, would indicate he def
nitely was under the influence
He described the percentage as de-
noting the second stage" of intoxi-
cation, in which person would be
delighted and devilish," emotion
ally unstable, uninhibited and show.
ing certain degrees OF muscular inco'
ordination.
Defense Attorney Thomas Ahern
opposing the use of such tests II
evidence, told the jury there was M
authority for police to perform th'
analysis.
Prosecutor Clark King read to thu
jury statement said to have beer
made to police by Hall after the ac
cident in which the defendant ad
mitted having had Is beers and {
"shot" of whisky. On the stand
Hall said he did not recall havin,
made the assertion, but said he hat
had few beers and two shots o
whisky"
Sentencing Wednesday.
Hall, veteran of 26 months service
in the Pacific, testified he did no
know when police made the test tha
it would be used against him, al
though police said they had inform
ed him of its purpose.
Judge Casey set next Wednesda,
for sentence on the drunken drivin
charge and on another charge of op
Grating with bad brakes. to whicl
Hall pleaded guilty. Maximum sen
tence on the former charge is $50
fine, six months in Jail, or both
Assistant Corporation Counse
Robert D. Wise said yesterdays ad
mission of the alcohol test in evi
dence paved the way for future con
victions.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Miss Barber, Dietician, Gets
Army Top Civilian Award

Miss Mary T. Barber, who prescribed
the food for 8,300,000 Army men
and women and selected their daily
menu, yesterday received the Ex-
ceptional Civilian Award, highest
honor for a civilian.
Since 1941, Miss Barber, nationally
known dietician, has been food con-
sultant to 1t. Gen. Edmund B. Gre
CORY, quartermaster general, who
made the presentation of the award.
She wrote the master menu for
the Army, and the different type
menus in the various theaters, be-
sides supervising revision of the
Army Cook Book and preparation
of many cooking manuals.
A native of Titusville, Pa, and
a graduate of Drexel Institute and
Columbia University's Teachers
College, she came here from a lead
ing food corporation to advise the
Army on what soldiers should eat.
During World War I Miss Bar
Der taught other women food con-
servation in response to an appeal
from the Mayor of New York City.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Portugal Votes tomorrow;
Regime Lacks Opposition
BY the Associated Press.

by the Associated Press.
LISBON, Nov. 17.-Portugal's
voters go to the polls tomorrow
with no alternative but to indorse
the strong-arm regime of peasant
born Premier DIR. Antonio de Oil
veira Salazar.
In an election, proclaimed as free,
not single candidate opposes the
19-year-old dictatorship.
The opposition has come chiefly
from the politically impotent INTEL
lectual class, in the form of CAM
paign to persuade the voters to stay
away from the polls in protest
against the administration. OF Por-
tngals approximately 7,000, 900 pop
ulation, the registrars carry the
names of 943,274 voters
Cficially there have been seven
arrests thus far in the campaign
lal In the university city Of Oporto
Evening star., 1945-11-17

were produced SO powerful that a
single overexposure of this radiation
caused skin cancer in animals
These rays have long been known
to cause cancer, but never in q
single shot.
By-Pr0ducts Can Cause Cancer.
Some of the radioactive by-prod-
ucts, he said, if absorbed into the
body. will cause sarcoma tcancer)
OF the bone. Plutonium, the new
metal that makes bombs, is Just as
dangerous as radium If taken into
the human body.
A University of Illinois professor
was honored by the Academy o1
Sciences for his invention of the
betatron, one of atomic science.
newest tools.
Prof. Donald W. Kerst, "a, who
plans to create cosmic rays in his
university laboratory with hi.
worlds most powerful X-ray ma.
| chine, was given the $4,000 Cyru.
B. Comstock award. He was selected
AOi DliS liOtlOI Ill 1910 DuJ WdTl
secrecy on everything involving the
atom prevented the announcement
or presentation then.
Penetrates 20 Inches of Steel.
Betatrons of 100000, 10000 ,OO(
| and 100000,000 volts power already
are in use. He is designing one OF
more than 250,0o0,OOO volts to pro-
duce the cosmic rays. The 10000, ,000-
volt size can penetrate 20 inches OF
steel and is nearly ready for medical
use against cancer.
Other awards by the academy in
cluded: The Daniel Giraud Elliott
Medal to Theodosius Dobzhansky
Columbia University. for his pub
lication, Genetics and the Origin OF
Species; the academy's Public We'll
fare Medal to DR.. Vannevar Bush
director of the Office of Scientific
Research and Development, fol-
scientific work during the war.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Scientists
Continued From First Page.)

forecast did not take into account
the possibility of political or social
controls which might change atomic
power developments.
This, of course DR.. Compton
said, Does not mean that atomic
power will put coal out of business
Each will have its own field. For
small heating units, such as kitchen
stove, atomic power has no place
II our national economy grows as il
should, coal as chemical agent will
increase in Importance.
DR.. Compton said uranium NAV
reduce the cost of heat and power
to cities. There will be the boon of
no smoke.
DR.. Compton said that world gov.
ernment has become inevitable.
THE choice before u.s." he de-
clared, SIS whether this government
will be agreed upon or whether we
elect to fight catastrophe thirc
world war to determine who shall
be master.
No city of over 100000 popula-
ton viii remain as an effective on.
eratlng center after the first houl
OF the war. At least 10 per cent OF
the attacked nations population will
oe Wlped out in the initial blow"
The Philosophical Society pre-.
sented its Franklin Medal to DR.
Compton for his work.
Atomic bombs cheap enough se
that tens of thousands of them NAV
be dropped in the next war were
predicted yesterday by DR.. j. Robert
Oppenheimer, the scientist who
headed the making of atomic bomb,
at Los Alamos, N. Mex.
I'VE have made thing" DR.. On.
penheimer told the scientists. "tha,
has altered abruptly and profoundl,
the nature of the world.
The atomic bomb is very ord.
mary thing in some ways, but in 8
world of atomic weapons wars will
cease.
Because it is known that tht
project cost us $4,000 000, 900. ane
we dropped just two bombs, it is eas,
to think that they must be expensive
But for any serious undertaking ir
atomic armament-and without an,
elements of technical novelty what.
ever. just doing things that have al
ready been done, that estimate o.
cost would be high by something like
q factor of one thousand. Atomic
weapons, even with what we know
today, can be cheap"
Hills Limited Nagasaki Damage.
He said that except for the pro
tecting hills the second bomb, a
Nagasaki, would have taken out
10 square miles or a little more
Great steel girders of factories wer,
twisted and wrecked, he declared
and some of these wrecked factorie
were miles apart.
New medical discoveries from tn,
atomic bomb were reported by Dr
Robert S. Stone, University of Cali
fornia. They were made in study
ing the rays emitted by 80 common
chemical elements which are trans
formed into substances like radiun
Beta rays, streams Of electroni
Evening star., 1945-11-17

Mortin's enchontingiy feminine
compendium Of black chontilly-type
luce, shodoWing shell pink royon
crepe the whole engoeiney eor-
nished with block con-con ruffles,
$8o.75
w6I-Walnut Room Third Floor.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
McNutt Aide Named

Frank N. Belgrano OF Oakland
Calf. former national commander
of the American Legion. has been
appointed financial adviser to Phil
ippine High Commissioner Paul "
McNutt, it was announced today
Mr.. McNutt is scheduled to leave for
Manila tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Forty Nations to Sign
Education Constitution
BY the Associated press

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Nov. 17-Forty-four
nations signed the constitution OF
the United Nations Education
Scientific and Cultural Organization
yesterday, but, in the opinion of the
head of the American delegation
mo one seems to care what has been
done"
Some of us have felt that we have
been holding our conference 7 or
miles, underground in dark nights
and that no one cares very much
what we say Archibald MacLeish
chief American representative, told a
news conference.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
Doomed Dog Reprieved
By City's Prisoners
BY the Associated Press.

POCATELLO, Idaho. Candy
was just mongrel pup, but he was
the constant companion of TRUSTEES
in the Pocatello City Jail as they
worked on street repairs.
When the city poundmaster an
nounced that the dog would be shot
Tor lack of dog license. the pris-
oners pooled their resources and put
out So for a license.
Evening star., 1945-11-17
laps in North China
Reported Treated Well

PEIPING, Nov. II (P)-Concilia-
ton rather than concentration and
control appears to be the prevailing
policy toward japanese troops and
civilians in this section of troubled
North China.
No Japanese soldiers have been
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31
LIFE OF MACHINERY

The life OF farm machinery can
be greatly extended as proven
by tests conducted at the Univer-
sity Of Missouri. Corrosion and
lack Of care Of unhoused farm
machinery cut its life in halt, and
added to the upkeep cost. A rec
ord on a few of the implements:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31
Labor Costs Reduced and Farm Efficiency Greatly
Increased With Improved Mechanical DEVELOPMENTS

than at any time In their history,
to make sure that machines already
on the farms will continue to func-
ton. They have manufactured as
many complete machines as avail
able materials, manpower and gov
ernmental restrictions would permit
and have maintained throughout this
period the high standards for which
American farm machinery is noted
throughout the world.
Products Of the farm equip
meat industry have always been
sturdily built to take the beating
farm work demands; some idea
Of their sturdy construction is
indicated by the orders for re-
pair and replacement parts, re-
ceived by manufacturers, for
machines 30 and even 40 years
old, still operating. Today,
equipment going into the hands
Of the farmer Is better engi-
neered than ever.
Knowing something of the men
who design and manufacture these
farm machines, I am convinced that
the products for the postwar era will
be even better. The history of the
farm equipment industry has been
one of continuous progress and of
ever-increasing service to agricul-
ture. I am confident that this record
will be even brighter In the years
ahead.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31
Modern Machine Farmer
Builds Up for Prosperity

For years the farm equipment
industry - dealers, manufacturers,
and trade publications - have been
active advocates of soil and water
conservation and improvement of
soil fertility. One-crop farms, espe-
cially where tobacco, cotton and
corn were the cash crops, began
bringing home to them the fact that
the nations wealth was teaching
down the hillsides and into the
streams that carried it to the ocean.
Such lands were rapidly passing out
OF production, ceasing to pay taxes
and to support prosperous farm
families and communities. Villages,
even counties, faded with the farms
as they wore out"
To awaken the nation to the con-
sequences Of this trend, II not coun-
teracted, the industry long has laid
stress upon the long-pull benefits of
soil conservation and the part that
farmers can play in the program by
using the tools already on the farms,
and available for soil conservation
efforts.
Contour farming, terracing and
crop rotations in the United States
60 back to Thomas Jefferson's work
in Virginia well over a century ago.
Writing in the American Farmer in
1921, the ex-President of the United
States, in signed article, answered
inquiries from readers of that pi-
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31
Farm Equipment Has Now
MCDANIEL Farm Work,
Now No Brother to an OK
By George L. Gillette

EdieoTs Note:-Ceorse L. Gillette l.
president Of The Farm Equipment Institute
nd has long been active II the manu-.
taefure and distribution OF farm n,aclin-
'ry and equipment.
Agriculture has come a long way
since the days when the forked stick,
the scythe and the fail were the rule
rather than the exception, but it was
not until the advent of farm ma
ehinery, a little more than a GEN.
fury ago, that agricultural practices
made any real progress. Even in the
early 18th century the methods used
BY the fellaheen of ancient Egypt
were still followed, even in many of
the more advanced countries. And
then In the space Of so years, agri-
culture made greater strides than
IN the preceding so centuries.
With the coming Of the plow,
the reaper and the other earlier
types Of farm machines, farm
Ing, though not an easy life,
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31

uncommon. But such disasters
serve to underline the impor-
lance Of substituting improved
food producing equipment for
the hand tools Of the ancients.
Man can get along without many
things, but not without food or
the means Of producing 1t.
With the wider distribution Of
present-day equipment and the new,
even more efficient machine tools
Of agriculture" to be available
after the war, is 1t too much to hope
that the scourge Of famine may
be stamped out entirely7 In any
event, the manufacturers Of farm
equipment can be relied upon to do
their utmost toward that end.
In the meantime, they are con-
tinuing to produce both for civilians
and military purposes.
Doing Big War Job.
Their factories have been turning
out immense quantities of munitions
and material for use on land, sea
and air, and they will continue to
do SO as long as the emergency re-
quires. They have produced more re-
pair parts in the last several years
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-08-31

oneer publication as to contour
farming and about the pillow he used
on his son-in-law's Virginia farm.
But Jefferson's efforts to teach the
pioneer American farmer to build a
permanent agriculture, and with it
community and national prosperity,
were soon forgotten in the rush to
virgin lands that opened up to
settlers as the Louisiana Purchase
and other territorial acquisitions
beckoned young farmers toward the
midwest and the Pacific.
While good farmers on their own
initiative followed conservation
practices, comparatively little was
done in an organized manner until
the United States department of
agriculture in the '20s began taking
active notice of the erosion of top
soil on cultivated lands; set up ero-
sion-control experiment stations and
instituted an intensive study Of soil
erosion. In 1885 the Soil Conserve
ton service was established and by
the middle Of last year, As of the
states had soil conservation dis
tricts totaling LILA and embracing
$40, 491, 1877 acres.
Being vitality interested in this ef-
fort long before there was an Or
ganized conservation program, the
industry naturally got behind and CO.
operated with the United States gov
eminent in helping the farmer
solve his land problems when the
nationwide program was inaugu-
rated. Through personal effort; in
their advertisements, and booklets
on the subject farm equipment COM
panies, their field representatives
and dealers have made helpful
suggestions to the farmer on soil
fertility, water capacity and pre-
venting the loss Of soils.