davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13

ton. has instructed regional direc-
tors in the areas involved 10 give
full support 10 the drive. 1t was
stated.
II was also announced by the
union that notice has been filed
through UTSEA General Counsel
Leon Nh Despres, for an appear
ance before the Federal District
court in Philadelphia TO present
plans 10 safeguard the interests of
Pullman employees in the proposed
plan TO dispose OF Pullman oper-
atng properties The Fe deral
court recently ruled that the Pull
man company constituted a mo-
nopoly and ordered il TO either
dispose of its operating or manu-
featuring properties The company
proposes 10 sell its operating prop
critics. which include sleeping cars,
repair shops. and laundries.
UTSEA attorneys will insist that
adequate attention be given 10 the
welfare OF the Pullman employees
in any plan disposing of the Sleep
ing Car service.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13
Union Drive Will
Organize Workers

CHlCAGO-A drive 10 organize
the several thousand Pullman re-
pair shop workers in plants To-
Gated al Chicago, Buffalo. Will
mington. ST Louis. Atlanta and
Richmond. Calf. was inaugurated
today by the Clio United Trans
port Service Employees OF America,
il was announced by union spokes,
men.
AS part OF its new organization
al campaign for l945. the drive
will be conducted at the six Pull
man repair shops among the COM
pany's carmen. laborerS, electri-
clans. sheet metal workers. black
smiths and machinists. Edward K
Welsh. UTSEA director Of organi-
zation. will be in charge OF the ma
ton wide Pullman drive. Several
new organizers are 10 be added TO
the unions staff for this drive,
Spokesman stated.
Headquarters for the drive have
been established in the six cities
involved Allan S, Haywood. ma
tional Clio director OF organiza-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13

nority group. Where there are but
a few colored faces there Is little
or no discrimination. As the num-
Der increases Scrimnation in
creaSeS. Discrimination n 5 I
SpaniSh-AmericanS IN New York
McxlcanS in the Southwest and
Negroes in the South is very acute
and very extensive because these
groups are found ~ these reSpec-
tive localities i'm large numbers.
Detroit itself is an object lesson
on this. The amount of diScrimi.
nation here by natives Of Michigan
has steadily intensified with the
increased migration Of Negroes
and MeXicans. Ten or twelve year,
ago additional public housi ms
would have been welcomed by 0ur
city administration. Today il is not
wanted for the simple reason that
Detroit would like 10 make IL 81
uncomfortable for its cOlOred new
corners they will be glad TO return
from whence they came.
Whether reactionary elements in
Detroit and other eastern indus.
trial centers will take against Jap.
anese-Americans the same attitude
they have taken toward Negroes
Mexicans and other dark-skinned
peoples, remains to be seen.
While many of our Japanese
American friends undoubtedly will
prefer TO return 10 their homes
and possessions on the West Coast
there will be an appreciate mum,
her of others who will prefer ia
remain here in the east.
Those who remain viii be seek
ling employment in our plants and
it is important that local unions
I begin now TO educate their mem
berShip where necessary into a
! friendly acceptance Of these new
corners The labor movement cam
not afford TO leave any worker or
prospective workers outside its
fold
Negro uniOniSts should be in the
forefront of this move for the OBJ
viouS reason that they have a Spe-
cial stake in knocking down color
prejudice and DISCRIMINATE ion
whenever and wherever it rears its
ugly head.
have talked with several Japa-
ncSe-AmericanS here in Detroit
and | have visited their weekly
fellowship hour. II has been graft
tying to see other Negroes in at
tendance. also.
One of the leaders Of the group
once made a>rcmark 10 me which
| think is worth passing on: No
one minority group can carry on
successfully this hGht against in
tolerance in our country; but all
of US. by pooling our energies. our
resources and our experiences,
can and Will achieve our common
Coal-to make this. our patlve
land. arsafe and wholesome place
in which VIC. our children and our
childrens children can live and
grow .--
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13
Sheet Aluminium
Shortage Slow
War Sche dulles

WRIGHT FIELD OHIO Pro-
epciion schedules of B-29 super
fortrcsScS and other aItcraf, and
S. equipment Is threatened by an im-
pending shortage nf sheet alumni
mum IN the first quarter OF 1915
the Air Technical Service Com
nand reported today.
The shortage. Also pointed out.
concerns not only Army Air
Forces production. but also produc-
ton Of Navy airplanes aDd equip
ment for other arms Of the services
Major General X. p. Wolfe. Chief
Of Engineering and Procurement,
-ATSC, emphasized. that the short
age is not Que 30 lack Of produc-
ing facilities TOR of a raw materials.
but Of labor
He reported that the Aluminium
Company Of America, largest pro-
Queer of aluminium sheet. is opcrat.
ing al only 20 percent % capacity
entirely because OF a shortage o,
labor.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13

WASHINGTON. - The Capital
Transit company, OF Washington,
d C., by refusing TO hire qualified
Negro workers has failed TO uti-
lie available manpower on its
trolley and bus lines, according to
complaint herved today on the
company by the Presidents Com
mittee on Fair Employment Prac-
tice
Restrictive racial hiring on
transit lines serving Federal war
workers is cited by FEPC as a
violation of Executive Order 9346,
which forbids discrimination in
war industries or government serv-
ice because OF creed. color or ma
tonal origin.
Hearing On Case
A hearing in the case VIII be
held before the seven members OF
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13
Navy EEPCMoue
To Cease Race
Bias Complaint

WASHINGTON. u. c. tNNPA)-
\ new asfccmcnt 20 speed up the
processing 81 complaints has been
entered uto by tho Navy Depart
mcnt and the FEpC, i VAS an
nalnccd carly TINS week. The
complaints 10 be handled under
the aggcemeH; are limited 20 thuSc
arising because % racial and re-
li1iouS discrimination involving
civilian employees OF tho Navy es-
tabllShmcut. discharged employees
and applicants for civilian posi-
uons Il also provides for carly
discussions between naval officials
and FEPC regional directors on
policies. procedures and practices
..of general interest
n Emphasis according n FEPC Of
fCialS, VIII be placed on informal
negotiation so as 10 avoid red tape
as much As poSsl bic. The agree
Ement provides the FEPC repre-
SentatIvcs. may discuss complaints
~ discrimination with employees
and may accompany employees IN
the later stages OF the grievance
procedure.
The FEPG-represcnta,iveS, ac-
coydlng to the agrecmCut. viii APP
pear primarily as representatives
I OF another government agency
concerned with the cfectuation OF
the national policy OF non-diS-
elimination rather than on behalf
Of the employees"
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13
clio ORGANIZER
WINS CIVIL SUIT
AGAINST HOTEL

NEW YORK A civil su., toi
$500 against the Hotel kriokcr.
booster IN New YORK CITY f1r &C.
nNinI a room btNaIsc ~ hIy~rseo
q William Bowmaa. Negro nrca-
ri7er ~ the United Automobile
Workers Go. was settled oIt 90
court TINS week for $3.50 Bow Man
Trimmed sic,y contributed the money
he Was granted 20 inc Norker,
Defense League which handle 'he
case for him and nc Uu'ec Auto
Workers Go
IL letter 20 .hc League Bow
man declared IL ufH sn,clc
belief that the Wu-ko. Dc'rr'c
League - more than worthy ~ this
small amount by S4cs "oole
deeds ,rus, ,h7t . Rlll o7-'ai.D
q -cScuc rarh d t'l -as
gained ro,o-r.'.au ARD ;1c ,oog-
GRAFTON 81 a.. people
Denied a Room
Bowman sy5s gcp.'>"r Cd fv
Max DCisou i - u 'ady y Nc
Sork. national counsel ~ ,hc Wni
which successful e pressed q C,s"..-
raj convection against Nlr'a
Nichols ne kNckc oaoe. n H'c.
manager who had r Nar.a lH''
6enlcG Bowman 81 t.Jm Tao nsH--
eyer. who Wa convicted md Obs
uary. l944 and Scn'crccd ~ 20
GAYS u jai, or 500 hnC goa q 'hc
fra Th.S Mas INC Tr-' Crnrrgf ..tt
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13

Valuable work in conservation
education is being carried on in
many counties of Michigan under
the direction OF county school
comm ssioners.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-01-13

Thick vegetable soup. warm
milk made from powdered milk,
and sturdy chunks OF brown bread
Is the regular menu in the Italian
relief distribution centers. 10 which
Deiroiters contribute through the
Community War Chest.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Teachers Cite
fIrennen S Fay

Detroit taxpayers have been
more liberal with their fremen
than with teachers, common cOun-
Cff-was told To-Day during a near
ing on teachers demand 10 he IN
cluded IN the forthcomong munl-
cipal pay raise.
Miss Frances Comfort Of the
Detroit Teachers Federation pro-
duCcd figures 10 show that fire
man earned S5l,7Os in the last
20 years. while the average for
a teacher during the same period
was Si3,5l0
Mrs Florence NJ. Sweeney,
president OF the federation, ar
gued that the city. IN recognizing
Increased living costs, should not
discriminate against teachers
merely because they are under
contract
DAVID Y Addy. budget drec.
tor. said the board OF education
does not have funds on hand for
raise during the present fiscal
year, which ends next June 30.
He added that II has not been
unusual for the board 10 create a
deficit under A gentleman
agreement with the city
CounCIlmen Will debate the
SSue later.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Long Distance
Tolls 10 Be Cut

WASHINGTON. Nov. 30 GNS)
- The Federal Communications
Commission announced today re-
ductonS in American Telephone
and Telegraph Co. interstate rates
estimated 10 save users over 20
million dollars a year.
The reductions, which follow
long negotiations between the
a. T. e T. and the FEC, will be-
come effective Feb. |, 1916.
Reduction in interstate long
distance telephone rates for dis
tanceS between $40 and 2.l40
miles Will save users an estimated
l6 million dollars annually. the
FEC said
Reduction amounting 10 one and
a half million a year viii be made
in Short-haul interstate toll rates,
which are for toll calls under 10
miles
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Realtors
Nominate
By PAT DENNIS
Detroit Times Real Estate Editsr

FRENCH LICK. Ind. Nov 30
The report Of the nominating COM
mliiee Of The National -Assocla-
tion Of Real Estate Boards in
delegate convention here today
presented the following slate for
election;
BOYD r Barnard, Philadelphia,
for president; Harry A Taylor,
East Orange, y J for treasurer,
and Morgan L. Fitch. Chicago, for
vice president, representing the
Great Lakes region, of which De
trolt is unit.
Nominations are tantamount 10
election. although names can be
added from the floor later today
AZ the formal election.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Discard Harsh LaSatives'
Say Happy EI-Sutferers
Famous Cereal
Brings Relief 10 Millions,

Constipated? Far,h drugs get
YOU down, KELLOGG'S All.
BRAN gets at TIE common cause
Of much con ,ps'ion-lack of buIh
in the diet. Il you ,JtIer from this
form Of constipation eat a dish
of KELLOGG S ALL-BRAN every
cay and drink plenty Of water. j.
you do this regularly. YOU may
reyer nave 70 take another laXa-
tive FOR the rest Of your life.
KELLOGG'S ALL-BRAN is Hot
purgative' It's gentle-acting,
regulating food mIlled extra
fine for golden sof'ress
Nor. Nutr,uou, Than whole whss,
ALL-BRAN, made from the
sit1t 0U'cr .7grTr Cf finest wheat
contains :. retttitoa ~ pra'oc-
tive food elements found n this
gram One ounce rf KELLOGG =
ALL-BRAN provides over p o.
your minimum dairy need for ron
to help make good red blood
Calcium and pEosphorus--to hoIp
build None and teeth. Whole-graiu
VItaw ms - 90 hen guard aga.n-'
dcfriCrc.c, Pr9toiu--to help buI1
body TISSUES essential '1 growth
Gel AIL-ERdN trclr grocer
Made nv Keiloggs Of Battle Creek
ard Omaha
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01

4 "ScIrDortrat' by John 6
Coppu, well known Detroit ARTIST
was voted the best painting .n
the 35tH annual Michigan Artists
Exhibition IN The Ant Institute.
a tahg'aton of visitors votes
showed today
Coppln received nearly twice as
many of the 5000 popular votes
aS hIS nearest rival 90 win the
FIRST prize OF 500 given each year
uy T. Raymond Field. according
20 clyde II. Burroughs. institute
secretary
\ Suli hfe picture Magnolia,
bN wilma Barrckman of l6Sl4
Warrick placed second and A
landscape. The Stiffness of Al
gust by Constance Richardson
of 574s second WAS third
The exhibit Of 80 paintings Sc
ipctcd from 1000 submitted hy
Michigan artists. VIII remain open
90 the public through Dec rs
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01

ADyrKrrsyA,FNr
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Supervisors 10 Hear
Psychologist Laird

Dr Donald A Laird Will discuss
Psychology and Safety m Indus
ry al the fifth annual safety
institute for Supervisors Dec. 4
TO II IN Rackham Memorial.
Or Laird, former Colgate.
Northwestern and Yale professor.
viii appear under sponsorship OF
the Detroit Industrial Safety
Ennncll
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
.BiIbo Opposition

JACKSON. MISS. Nov 30
GNSI A movement 10 draft At
torney General G. l. Rice 10 OPP
pose Senator Theodore Bilbo in
next summers senatorial race was
reported growing in Jackson
today
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
ASKS FOR SUPPORT

In his invitation Walter p
Reuther, tAW-CTO wee presI-
dent IN charge OF General Motors
affairs. said
Even though IL may mean
some personal inConN enience,
will YOU help promote a better
public understanding OF the case
nv agreeing 10 take part In
such an examination of the
records"
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01

Smart styling and expert crafts
manship make each Bulova a
masterpiece of beauty and de-
curacy. Other nationally famous
makes. Gruen, BenruS, Longines,
Elgin. Prices include federal tax.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
Boom Gasperi in Italy

ROME, Nov 80 ms Foreign
Minister Alclde de GaSperi was
today as a likely choice
for premier II his program re-
CeiveS approval Of Italy'S leftiSts.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
All Japs DemobiIized

TOKYO NOV 80 tINS De
mobilization of all Jap ScrNlccmen
IN Japan was completed today
Allie occupation authorities
announced
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
OTHERS INVITED

Mrs. VI r TiIcl Atlanta Ga
Clarence ANlld>eu. president, Nc"
Council Of American Business.
Inc. New York Or Arthur
Compton. University of Chicago
Mrs. ! 3 CaulknS president
National Y W { a Bishop
Bernard shell Chicago Bishop
C. Bromley Oman New York
W " Waymack editor pe>
Moines ReCiSter-Tribune Murray
Lincoln. president Cooperative
League of America. and secretary
~ Ohio Farm Bureau Federa-
ton
OrSon Wells. radio and screen
actor Walter White National
Association for Advancement Of
Colored People r r an Win
digger president Plaza Bank ot
s.. LOUIS James 6 Patton, prcSl-
dent Farmer Union and Albert
s GosS, president, National
Grange.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-01
NotdbIes Asked
To UAW Session

The UAW-CIO etQday ,ry'cd a
cross section Of 'Whos Who IN
Americs" 10 meet at the Wsrdeli-
sheraton Hotel in Detroit next
Tuesday and Wednesday 10 listen
70 a reading ~ fre yCyba'Im
transcript oi negotiations on me
unions dealings With General
Motors
The meeting Was called it was
Np'aDcj fo .,t representative
derS of pubic opinion >ce-AoN
H~ The CAN-Clo has gone lu
ynE 20 obtain a fam AND peace
.I settlement 0f -Ne case
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
Proper Accessories Are Important to
Rooms Just as They Are to Clothing
BY ELIZABETH MacRAE BoYKrN

We're just as down on junk and
trinkets as anybody-maybe more
SO! But that doesn't mean that the
right accessories don't still make
room, just as they add that GER
tain something to costume.
But as with costumes, rooms
should have their accessories
changed from time to time. In fact,
a change of accessories can change
completely the decorating scheme if
you plan your changes smartly Sup
pose, for instance, that your living
room is drab. Maybe it's deliberate
ly so, like neutral coat or dress
because you want it to be a back
ground for scintillating accents, be-
cause it has to take lot of hard
wear, because you just happen to
have that drab stuff and can't
change it. Whatever the reason,
plan to sparkle it up with just the
right comment in ornaments, bibe-
lots, flowers or whatever.
Such things need not be expensive.
There's usually nice colored glass
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03

to be had at reasonable prices,
lovely pottery that doesn't cost a
fortune, and, at this time of the
year, plenty of flowers. Stop to think
what yellow might do to that drab
and dreary room - yellow flowers
to begin with, maybe a pair of
lemon-yellow cushions for that old
taupe sofa, yellow pottery pitcher
and cake plate for informal refresh
ments, pair of yellow lamp bases
(paint old ones if you can't splurge
on new ones).
Or maybe turquoise would be the
best accent color for that dowdy-
toned room. Use tu1 quoise glass or
pottery ornaments, turquoise lamp
bases, turquoise slip covers for a
chair or two and maybe a pair of
old tables painted turquoise.
Or maybe your room needs to be
toned down, rather than keyed up.
In that case, have all the access
series in beige, gray or in some
dusty edition of another color used
in the room.
Consolidated Features.-WNU Release.
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
FELLOW MEMBERS

No, we're not about to embark on a
political speech, but we'd like to tell
you about the teen-age clubs that
are fourishing in stores from coast
to coast. Any gal who's interested
in fashion should belong to one.
Check with the stores in your town
right away and see which one has
a tcen-age club that you can join.
Here's what's going on in some Of
the clubs we've been visiting lately:
Star Gazin'-That's what you'd be
doing once a month If you belonged
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
Our Art Museums Must Be Reorganized to Serve Real
Cultural Wants. Not Initiate European Institutions

give them, in form they can COM
prehend and enjoy. the fruits of a
civilization for which they have
risked their lives.
''We must stop initiating the
Louvre and the Kaiser Friedrich
and solve this purely American
problem in purely American way.
ut is no longer necessary for us
to do lip service to the institutions
of a WORKOUT and defeated Europe"
he continues. Trustees, curators,
and public alike must recognize that
we have emerged from the prewar
frenzy of acquisition for acquisi-
tons sake and must digest what we
already have. The emphasis for our
generation must be expositive and
explanatory. And above all the mu-
scum must offer a rewarding career
for men and women with vocational
conviction rather than a refuge from
reality for the poetaster and the
bluestocking."
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03

''Never before have the arts faced
SO challenging an opportunity, that
of interpreting the past so that the
present can make use of the judg-
ments of antiquity as guideposts for
the democratic way of life. Twelve
million soldiers and sailors will soon
be returning to civilian life; twen-
ty odd million industrial workers
will be absorbed with them into a
peacetime economy. They will want
some means of recapturing the
years of schooling from which they
were so abruptly TAKEN" Francis H.
Taylor, director of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art of New York, de-
clares in "Babeps Tower" pub
lished by the Columbia University
Press.
''More than ever before the Amer
lean museum will be called upon to
fulfill a social function. The mu-
scum must become the free and in
formal liberal arts college for a
whole generation of men and wom-
en- who are now, and for some time
to come will be, devoting themselves
to the arts of destruction. When
they come home, too old for the
classroom, we must be prepared to
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
FAMOUS SAYINGS
TRIXIE TEEN SAYS

Standing around and enjoying the
Smooth SAILS WiL never put shine on
your hair and glot0 in your cheeks.
Home,Uork does it and don't mean a
just-before-the-,Oeekend examining but
a nightly routine of cleansing, brushing
and grooming. That casual look takes
lots of care, so plan program for your.
self and follow it faithfully. Hey, is
that you going to bed without putting
your hair up, ,0ithout scrubbing your
face? You're the loser when you cheat
ON yourself!
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
What George B. Shaw
Really Meant Was II

George Bernard Shaw has never
been accused of being excessively
modest. At gathering one eve
ming, the English writer was m
troduced to an admiral. Delighted
with this opportunity to get first
hand information about matters
nautical, Shaw deluged the naval
man with questions.
"And now, Mr.. Shaw" queried
the admiral, twill you answer
some literary questions for me?"
'I'd be glad to-
"Can you tell me who is the
ablest contemporary playwright"
SAY, ay, SIR" replied G.B.S.
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03

to one club that
always has guest
stars, as well as
fashion shows. at
it's meetings. Be-
lieve it or not, the
lucky members
(and they number
in the thousands)
have already met
such swoon S a :
tons as Vaughn
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03

Monroe, Johnny Long, Les Brown
and (hold your breath, gals) even
Frank Sinatra. That was the day
the store was almost blitzed!
Pranced to a POoh-Some stores
give their teen-age club members
dancing lessons at their regular
meetings. At one store they origi-
mated a new dance called the Coca
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
Accommodation

accommodation
The man fishing from the riuer bunk
landed pike about tWo feet long, but
threto it back. Later he caught large
trout. This he also thre,U back.
Five minutes later he caught small
perch and put it into his bag. 4 fellow
fisherman asked him ,Uhy he had thro,un
t,oo beautiful fish back and kept small
one.
"WeU," he replied, my frying pan is
only nine inches wide."
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
By VIRGINIA VALE
Released by Western Newspaper Union

By VIRGINIA VALE
THE latest war-cause d
Il shortage to plague Holly
wood movie-nakers is one of
swords. With about a dozen
swashbuckling dramas in
various stages of completion
around town, Warner Bros.
faces the likelihood of hav-
ing to call on armorers in other
parts of the country before the duel
ling scenes in the Enrol Flynn opus,
1.-THE Adventures of Don JUAN" can
be staged. Modern swords won't do;
these fights took place before 1886.
-
Jean Tighe, featured singer on
Guy Lombardo's Musical Auto
graphs" program, is one of the few
entertainers permitted by the au-
thorities to visit boys suffering from
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03
GIRLS! WILL YOU?

How about getting picture postcard of
beautiful Hawaiian scene or Hula girl from
q serviceman in Hawaii? How about the
girl nextdoor? At the office? Or? You send
the addresses, we IL mai the cards, or what
ever you want. Small donation for adver-
using expenses, not necessary, but cheer
fully accepted. Swamp us with requests
we love it-Thanks.
Sodn, APO 964Cio F. M, San Francisco, Cal
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1945-05-03

When Constance Bennett appears
on Earl Wilson'S radio program-on
Mutual, Sunday evenings - she'll
have a chance to talk back to sister
Joan. Joan was EarIs guest while
ago, and made a few cracks about
her sisters cutting their ages down
so much that she now feels like the
eldest member Of the family. Now
Constance will have chance to re-
ply, and in public.