davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01

overall increase of 20 per cent
throughout the University.
Goods will still predominant on
the u of NJ campus this fall with
the enrolment predicted to be
about $500. This is 400 above last
year and 1,4OO over 1912.
Aside from regular work in all
OF the colleges Of the University,
many different refresher courses
fer veterans will be offered includ-
ing one for returning G.. I. medical
students, forestry students, profess
sional and law school students.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01

One major oil company already
has employed, postwar. 1000 re-
turned veterans who were not pre-
viously employed by it. More than
SO per cent of the company's en-
ployeS who have been discharged
from military service have returned
to work.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01
U. of NJ. Fall Semester OPENS Today

Fall semester for more than 10000
students will open at the University
of Michigan today. According TO
University administrators, more
than 1000 of the students will be
veterans of World War II and 100
will be Army and Navy trainees
studying under government con-
tract.
Unofficial estimates place fresh
man enrolment up to more than 80
per cent over last year and an
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01

Two billion years of geologic ac-
tion formed the lakes, dunes, min
eral wealth and other physical
characteristics Of Michigan.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01

To reach their constituents
around lockwood In the Tennessee
mountains, where 95 per cent of
the people receive their mail
through the rural free delivery, the
Rev. and Mrs. z. G. HELEN, Sun
day school missionaries of the
Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., use a
weekly radio broadcast over Sta
ton WNOX in Knoxville. While no
accurate count can be made Of lis
teners. the audience for the Mon
day morning programs Of Bible
teaching and inspiration talks is
INDICATED by the fact that more
than 5000 items Of mail have been
received from seven states. Calls
Tor pastoral care by Mr.. HELEN
have come from all sections of the
Eastern Tennessee mountains.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01
Hare O,Uner'S
Permission to Cut
Trees, Says Figy

Warning has been issued by
Charles Figy, director of the De-
partment Of Agriculture, against
cutting of Christmas trees without
consent of the owner. The Christ
mas tree law. Mr.. Figy said, pro-
hibitS the cutting, removal or
transportation within this state for
any purpose, Christmas trees, ever
green boughs, or other wild trees,
shrubs, or vines, or certain native
plants, without the written consent
Of the owner Of the land upon
which same are growing. No person
shall cut, remove or transport any
Christmas trees, evergreen boughs,
native trees, native shrubs or vines,
or offer for sale the following ma
tive plants: Trailing Arbutus, Birds
Foot Violet, Climbing Bittersweet,
Club Moses. Towering Dogwood,
all Michigan Holly, North Ameri-
can Lotus, Pipsissewa, Orchids,
Trilliums and Gentians without the
written consent of the owner of
the land upon which the same is
grown, whether such land be pub
licly or privately owned.
The written consent must contain
q legal description of the land
where such material Is cut as well
as the name Of the legal owner,
and shall be carried by every per-
son cutting, removing or transport
ing any Of the above mentioned
materials. A written consent as
provided for under the provisions
OF this law shall consist of an ade-
quate bill of sale form to be fur
nished without cost by the Depart
ment Of Agriculture, and distrib-
uted by this Department to all
other cooperating agencies such as
Conservation officers. State Police,
County Agents, County Sheriff Of
fees and other law enforcing Off
'cials. sssf
This gear, as in the past. police
booths will be established on the
main highways to be operated "A
hours a day. Anyone transporting
trees can expect to be apprehended
by IAN officer authorized to enforce
the provisions Of the law. In addi-
ton to police posts, Department in
Spectors will work throughout the
State, as well as in the metropoli-
tan areas, checking sales lots and
trees being shipped into the State
by on Of State sources.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-11-01

Faith is the vision of the heart.
II sees God in the dark, as in the
DAY. Young
Evening star., 1945-07-27
LOw-COSt Vacations
By Raym mond Moley

little as SIT. The appeal in this early
experiment was to the Swiss people
themselves, the neighboring French and
also more distant customers in Scandal
navia and Holland. The principle diff
fered from the German strength
through joy activities in that the Swiss
offered middle-class, not proletarian
conditions and in that the entire enter
prise was a thoroughly free enterprise.
The idea of mass travel is, of course,
not new in the United States, but the
possibility of its development is un-
limited The hopes of those people in
many States who are trying to solve the
problem Of employment when war in
dustries shut down rest upon an expan-
sion of the service trades. These people
see an era ahead of shorter working
periods, unusual reservoirs of savings, a
steady decline in the labor necessary
to operate agriculture and no big in
crease in total employment in heavy
industry. The service trades still offer
unlimited horizons.
In any event, the Swiss In 1945 can
provide ingenious Americans, who will
be taking vacations at home or no
vacations at all, with suggestions about
better years ahead-years when trips
can be very pleasantly unnecessary.
released by the Associated Newspapers. Inc.)
Evening star., 1945-07-27
Damage in BeIoium

News from Belgium, published by
the Belgian Information Center in
New York, reproduces figures on war
damage in Belgium which originally
appeared in LIE Soir, a well-known
Brussels newspaper, and which are
of interest because of their relation
to the material cost of modern con-
f1ict. Liege, for example, was a city
of 31,088 buildings in 1889. The
number of structures wrecked be-
tween 1910 and 1945 is announced
as 21,687. In Antwerp 1859 out of
43,778 buildings were destroyed.
Proportionately worse was the dev-
astation in Mechlin, where S,O22
edif1ces of various sorts out of total
of 1880 were blasted to pieces.
The Belgian capital suffered the
loss Of 5,041 structures when 31,976
were available as targets, but little
Saint Ghislain, with only 1887 units
to be hit by bombs from the sky, was
bereft of 1888 and still smaller
Laroche, with only 762 buildings,
came through the ordeal Of fire with
but SO standing. Hoffalize, mean
while, became only a memory with
all Of Its 416 houses, shops, schools
and churches leveled to the ground.
OF course, reconstruction pro-
gram on a national scale is newt
able. There are thousands of Bel
gian men and women who remember
vividly enough the spectacle OF their
broken cities and ruined towns as
they were when the Germans left
them at the close Of the First World
War In 1918. They recall, too, the
ugor and zeal with which repairs
Evening star., 1945-07-27
Balance Sheet in Britain
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

American interest In the results OF
the British election will of course center
on the effect which the change In gov
ernment is likely to have on Anglo
American relations, which are so vitality
important to the future Of the United
Nations organization.
From this point of view, the policies
OF the British government. and there
fore the composition of that government,
are of great Importance to Americans.
affecting our military, political and eco
non1ic interests throughout the world
and the future of the great experiment.
in world organization to which both the
American and British peoples are
pledged, with so many others, and on
which the survival of mankind Is staked.
1t is obvious to observers Of interna-
tional affairs that smooth and mutually
confident cooperation in many fields
between America and Britain has been
one of the great essential forces within
the United Nations organization, and
seems likely to continue to be necessary
to the successful progress Of that or
ganization as we adopt the Charter and
begin to translate its principles into
tangible accomplishment.
1t may be said at once that as far as
the principles of the Charter are con-
cerned, there is no reason to anticipate
any lessening Of devoted adherence to
them on the part of the Labor Govern
ment which now comes into power at
Whitehall. The new Prime Minister,
Mr.. Attlee, and several of his Labor COL
leagues. were present at San Francisco
and participated in the making of the
Charter as official delegates of their
government. They are pledged to It's
support, and their hearts as well as
their minds are behind that pledge. We
shall see no wavering in matters of
principle.
From the military point of view, there
is little prospect Of any change in the
British personnel of the combined
chiefs of staff. 1t is not customary in
Britain, as it is here. for a chief Of
staff to submit his resignation on the
occasion of change of administration
Hence the combined military efforts of
the two powers against Japan will con-
tinue to enjoy the wise and experienced
guidance of Field Marshals Brooke and
Wilson, Admiral of the Fleet Cunning
ham, and Marshal Portal of the Royal
Air Force. Nor is there any reason to
suppose that the scope and weight of
the British military effort in the Far
East will be in any way diminished by
the new administration.
Americans have reason for gratifca-
ton that the result was decisive. II
would undoubtedly have been a source
of considerable future embarrassment
had the election been won by either
side by so narrow margin that the
control of the House of Commons, and
consequently the existence of the gov
eminent, were dependent on handful
of votes, perhaps upon the action of the
small group of liberals Labor has been
given a clear mandate by the British
Evening star., 1945-07-27

people to try out its policies, and will
govern as a majority party with an
ample working margin In the House.
This Is, incidentally, the first time that
labor has ever commanded such a
majority.
In considering the political aspect of
the change as far as the international
scene Is concerned, 1t seems certain that
the Labor victory will give considerable
encouragement to left-wing govern
ments in various European states AS
poets Of British policy in Italy and
Greece, for example, which have not
been altogether pleasing to liberal
thought in this country, seem likely to
undergo changes which will make for
better feeling. Many Americans who
have regarded Mr.. Churchill as a great
war leader, but nevertheless as the en-
bodiment of British imperialism and
even of political reaction, will feel
greater confidence in the political OBJ
jectives of the new government. With
out attempting to assess the degree to
which this feeling may be justified in
fact, 1t is fair to say that Mr.. Attlee will
not be handicapped by as many diff
culties of this nature as was Mr.. Church.
ion as a whole.
However, 1t should not be forgotten
that the election was fought and won
very largely on domestic issues, of
which the chief was the naturalization
Of certain elements Of British industry.
Informed British observers are fairly
well united In the view that the British
electorate has voted for labor so over
whelmingly because of a general recog-
milton of the need of social and indus
trial reform, and feeling that the
leaders Of the Labor party are more
genuinely devoted to these objectives
than the Conservatives.
To this must be added a general war
weariness, the accumulated discomforts
and sufferings of years, which are in
stinctively associated by the average
voter in any democracy with the gov
ernment in office, whether justly or not.
1t would be highly improper for any
American commentator to offer an opin-
ion on the merits of the proposed
changes in the British economy; but it
may well be pointed out that switch
by Britain in the direction of increased
naturalization of business at time
when the United States is swinging back
from some of the more extreme policies
of the New Deal toward a middle-of-
the-road, free enterprise position. may
present future problems in the area Of
Anglo American economic cooperation
which will be difficult, though of course
not impossible, of solution.
But in the economic field it may also
be observed that the change in Britain
will diminish the influence of the inter-
national bankers and industrialists,
which is all to the good when it comes
to adding up the balance sheet of our
postwar hopes.
(Copyrsht 1e45)
Evening star., 1945-07-27
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

was always in the fight, and now enjoys
full victory. AS matter of fact, 1t
was only the resistance movement, al
ways a minority, which was not de-
feated. Now, with the end of the
German armies, it wishes to make itself
the symbol of all France BY wiping out
a Marshal Petain, its hope is to wipe
out a page of history, which it wishes
to have forgotten. And since the re-
sistance movement, with victory, has
become a majority movement with
which every Frenchman wishes to asso-
ciate himself, masses of Frenchmen-
who collaborated also, both in the pref
ace to defeat, the defeat, and the after
math Of defeat-seek to wash away their
own sense of guilt and humiliation in
the sacrifice of the same symbol.
This is one of the oldest stories in the
world-the origin of innumerable re-
ligious myths-the blood sacrifice
through which a tribe or a people or
the masses, wash away their sins, and
express the fact of conversion, or
change. 1t is a public exercising of the
devil. What France is saying, through
this trial, to the world, but especially to
herself is: We no longer are the nation
of 1940 The year 1910 is sentenced to
death. Out of the ashes new France
arises.
This Is the essence of revolutionary
Justice" and it is vain to try to find its
basis in legality" The question is
not-however the prosecution may at
tempt to make it appear so-whether
Petain has broken any specific consti-
tutional law. France feels it necessary
to repudiate him, as sign of repudia-
tion of her own past. 1t is repudiation
rather than personal punishment which
is at stake.
Such a process inevitably releases all
the emotions of a nation, for the trial
itself is the expression of an emotional
outbreak and revulsion. 1t will have
repercussions in the behavior of all the
French parties, the decisions of the gov
ernment, and the outcome of the elec-
tions.
With this trial, the second act is open
ing in the French drama of death and
resurrection. It is not-as 1t is intended
to be-the last act. 1t is only the climax
of the drama.
One need not in any way sympathize
with the policy of Petain, to see him as
a genuinely tragic, and profoundly
French figure. If he were not SO
French, he would not be tried, for he
could not be a symbol And my guess
is that he will be sentenced to death
and allowed to live.
Evening star., 1945-07-27
Labor Democracy

Vassili Kuznetsov, heading a
Soviet trade union delegation on a
visit to the United States, has some
ideas on the subject of labor
democracy which must have proved
surprising even to his host-the
Congress OF Industrial Organizations.
Mr.. Kuznetsov feels that unionism
in Russia is exceedingly democratic
perhaps more so than in the
United States. And to prove his
point he told a press conference
arranged by the CIO that in Russia
there is no checkoff Of union dues,
nor is there any such thing as a
closed shop. In his country, he says,
any man can work without being a
member of union, and the feeling
Is that If a union wants members 1t
ought to convince the workers that
it is to their advantage to join.
Under this democratic system, Mr..
Kuznetsov added, there have been
no strikes in Russia during the war
and no strike of any consequence
since 1905.
1t has been announced that the
Soviet delegation, while in the
United States, will visit number of
industrial cities to inspect American
labor union procedure, the tour to
be made under the guidance of the
CIO. In the course of this trip Mr..
Kuznetov will observe trade-union
practices with which he has had no
personal experience. He will see
the checkoff in operation and he will
witness the workings of the closed
shop or some of its variants, under
which man must belong to a
union in order to work. In all
probability he also will run across
strike, perhaps even strike in a
vital war plant.
For the sake of his health, II he
intends to return to Russia, he
ought to observe these phenomena
with great detachment. He may be
told that these are but the manifes-
tations of free labor movement in
a free society and If the subject
then becomes too confusing to drop
it. without wishing to seem pre-
sumptuous, this further suggestion
might be offered: 1t has been an
nounced that, in their turn, C1O
delegation will 60 to Russia to in
spect the workings of Soviet trade
unions. Mr.. Kuznetsov would be
well advised not to arrange press
conference for his visitors.
Evening star., 1945-07-27

When French law students all but
broke up the session, during the opening
day of the trial of Marshal Petain, in a
demonstration against the judicial pro-
cedure, they were making defense of
legality. The question they really posed
was: Is Marshal Petain on trial before
a French court of law, or is he on trial
before revolutionary tribunal? Theo-
retically, it is the former; actually 1t is
the latter. Those who want to see the
continuity of French law and legality
will find any number of criticisms to
make of this trial Marshal Petain is
accused of treason-of intelligence with
the enemy, and plotting against the
security of France. AS far as we can
know, the evidence that the prosecution
will offer will be extremely unconvincing
to any legal mind.
Il
But this Is not what Marshal Petain
Is really being tried for, for this is not
a normal trial. 1t is a political trial,
with the outcome prejudiced in ad-
vance. What stands in the dock Is not
a person. but a policy, and even more
than policy-the defendant and prose-
cution are France. France is trying
France; the France of 1945, is putting
on trial the France of 1910. The process
is that of the Greek ragedies-Cathar-
sis. France is symbolically purging her
self, and for that she needs symbol.
The symbol is perfect: A marshal OF
France and hero of the First World
War who was defeatist in the Second
World War, and a man who freely ac-
cepted from himself the role of becom-
ing the 1910 symbol. He came to power
legally, by majority vote of the Ma
tional Assembly which conferred upon
him the powers which he used. But
he asked for the powers. and he ac-
cepted the symbolism of himself as
France, saying, IT was with you in the
days of glory: am with you in the days
of defeat"
The defeat. which almost all France
accepted, and to which much of France
from left to right-contributed. in
volved inevitably degree of collabora-
ton, since defeated country is in
variably under the control of the victor.
1t may be argued that Petain went
further than he was compelled to go.
but that will be quite impossible to
prove. Certainly that was not the
opinion of the American Ambassador to
Vichy, who is in no position today to
testify-another fact which makes 1t
clear that this is political, and not
legal trial.
The resistance movement corporeally
represented by the present government,
insists that France was not defeated.
Evening star., 1945-07-27
Plato and Unspecifed Scholar

Fiato and Onspec1hed Scholar
To the Editor of The Star:
On July "a The Star published the
views of several Senators concerning
the United Nations Charter.
One Senator said: Il gravely fear that
this Charter will even take away from
the people of America the right to be
heard on the crucial issues of war and
peace in the future"
We Americans are trusting the SEN
ate to amend the Charter so that we
shall have the right to be heard on the
issues of war and peace.
Bluntly put, IL the Charter takes
away the rights of citizens. It is
foe OF democracy. And Americans have
given up many of these rights for the
sake of speeding the day of victory.
In Book 8 of Plato's Republic" Soc
rates said that eventually democracy
turned into tyranny. A 10Th century
scholar wrote that this change usually
came about through war. He said
that first there was republic, then a
dictatorship, then a military dictator
ship and then finally despotism.
DAVID r. MIDDLETON.
Evening star., 1945-07-27
Heurteninq News

4. The most encouraging aspect of
the Swiss governments decision to
represent Japanese interests in this
country is that the decision is pre-
dicated on an understanding that
Swiss representatives will be per-
mitted to visit prisoner -of-war and
civilian internment camps in Japan
proper and Japanese-occupied ter
ritorieS.
In keeping with international law,
the United States has all along al
lowed neutral representatives of the
Axis powers to visit any American
camp holding enemy nationals.
Thus, while they represented Japan
in this country, the Spanish could
inspect our treatment of japanese
prisoners, but the Swiss, represent
ing our interests in Japan, were not
accorded a reciprocal right by the
Tokyo authorities-a fact causing
more than a little anxiety over the
fate of many thousands captured in
the Pacific-ASiatic theater.
After Spain ceased representing
Japan last March. however, the jap
anese requested Switzerland to take
over the task. The Swiss, on their
part, declared that they would not
do so unless Tokyo first met the
condition of agreeing in principle to
let them visit all camps where
American nationals are held by
Japan. This condition has now been
met, and it means, in the words of
our State Department. that we shall
be able to get from the Swiss gov
eminent more complete reports Of
the conditions under which captive
Americans are living.
The State Department adds the
hope that Japan's treatment of
prisoners will improve accordingly.
We have had only meager informa-
ton on this subject In the past. In
some cases conditions have appar-
emily been satisfactory. in other
cases bad, and In still other cases
shockingly brutal. Now, coupled with
the fact that the Tokyo war lords
Evening star., 1945-07-27

While Americans, under present re-
strictions, are enjoying only dreams OF
future vacations, the news has given us
something to provide practical material
for our imaginings. Some 100000 Gls
are going to have the chance to tour
Switzerland. The holiday will be seven
days, and all for the small cost of $35.
The men will start in groups of 300
daily. Later, the daily number will In
crease to 1000. All the points of in
terest will be visited. Swiss food rations
will be provided and luxury hotels will
be used for housing.
No one who knows the Swiss will be-
lieve that this enterprise is anything but
a profitable business enterprise. The
idea of such mass production in travel
and entertainment was developed IL
years ago by an ingenious Swiss named
Gottlieb Duttweiler to stimulate the ho-
tel industry during the world depression
at that time. Duttweiler, incidentally,
earlier was interested in developing the
"rolling store" as a means of price re-
duction. His travel plan provided for
ARRANGEMENTS with hotels, shipping
companies, theaters and other amuse-
ment agencies by his "hopla" Chotel
plan) to expand the use of their facili-
ties beyond the usual two-month peyiod
when the hotels were used to capacity.
The basic economic problem in the ho-
tel business is the fact that, relatively,
the same overhead costs must be sup
ported in periods when room occupancy
is at minimum. When the load Is dis
tributed over the year, rates can be
greatly reduced.
xk %E
When this plan was first initiated,
fve-day trips wera arranged for =