davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

That is simple truth. But like all simple
truths, it is too often forgotten
Management sometimes forgets that bus-
ness cannot prosper without customers who
make good wages and have money in their
pockets; labor sometimes forgets that workers
cannot find employment and that wages can
not rise unless business prospers and makes
profits
Like most of you, have been disturbed by
the labor difficulties of recent weeks.
These difficulties stand in the way Of recon-
version; they postpone the day when our vet
erans and displaced war workers can get back
into good peacetime jobs
We need more of the good sense, the reason
ableness the consideration for the position of
the other fellow, the teamwork which we had
during the war;
1t has been my experience in public life
that there are few problems which cannot be
worked out, If we make a real effort to
understand the other fellows point of view,
and If we try to find a solution to the basis
of give-and-take, of fairness to both sides.
| want to discuss the wage problem in
just that spirit, and hope that all of us in
the United States can start thinking about it
in that way.
Let me begin by putting -labors position
before you. / do not think all of us understand
how hard blow our industrial workers have
suffered in the shift from war production to
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
An Invitation TO Disaster

THIS proposal cannot be accepted uhder any
circumstances. To accept it 1eOuld mean but one
HiHg-mfdtion. And that inriteS disaster.
An increase IN WdgeS, If 1t tCere accom-
panied by an increase IN the cost of hUlng
WOuld not heIp eUen the 1cOrkerS themselves.
Every extra dollar that would be put in their
pay envelopes under these circumstances would be
needed to meet the higher living expenses resulting
from increased prices.
Obviously, such Juggling of wages and prices
would not settle anything satisfy any
runaway initiation would be upon us.
When initiation comes and the cost of living
begins TO spiral, nearly everybody suffers. Wage
increases, under those conditions, would defeat
their own purpose and mean nothing to labor.
Whte-coar workers would find that their
fixed salaries buy less food and clothing than before
Farmers incomes would shrink because they
would have to pay so much more for what they
buy.
Increased earnings would mean nothing to
business itself
War bonds insurance policies, pensions, an
nuites, bonds of all kinds would shrink in value,
and their incomes would dwindle in buying power
Therefore wherever price increases would
have inflatonary tendencies, must above all
else hold the line prices.
Let us hold vigorously to our defense against
initiation.
Let us continue to hold the price line as we
have held it since the spring of 1943.
If we depart from this program OF vigorous
and successful price control, if we begin to
let down the bars, there will be no stopping place.
Lesson From World War
After the last war, this nation confronted
by much the same problem. At that time we simply
pulled off the few controls that had been estab-
lished, and let nature take its course.
The result should stand as a lesson to all of
us. dizzy upward spiral of wages and the cost
of living ended in the crash of 1920 crash that
spread bankruptcy and foreclosure and unemploy-
ment throughout the nation.
II these twin detectives of ours-stabty of
prices and higher wage rates-were irreconciable
II one could not be achieved without sacrificing the
other, the outlook for all Of us-labor, manage
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Both Sides Foreetful

SVSteTn.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Why Industry Can Afford II

There are several reasons why believe that
industry as whole afford substantial wage
increases without price increases.
FIRST, the elimination of the time and a half
for overtime has reduced labor costs per hour.
SECOND the increase in the number of people
needing jobs is resulting in downward feelassfiea
tions of the country.
ness afford to pay wage increases; namely, in
creased output per hour of work or what is gen.
orally called increased productivity.
While increased production rests ultimately
with labor the time will soon come when improve
ments in machinery and manufacturing know-how
developed in the certainly result in more
goods per hour and additional room for wage
increases.
As a fourth reason, business is in a Uery
Favorable profit position today, uith excel
lent prospects for the period that lies ahead.
Again, that is not true of all companies.
Nevertheless, throughout industry and in every
branch of industry profits have been and still are
very good indeed.
Finally, the Congress at my suggestion is now
considering the elimination of the excess profits
tax
Provision has already been made in our tax
laws to enable corporations whose earnings drop
below their normal peacetime level to recapture
high proportion of the excess profits taxes which
they have paid during the preceding two years.
These and other provisions of the tax laws were
designed TO reduce to minimum the risks entailed
IN reconversion-and that is precisely what they
accomplish. They also add to the ability of indus
try TO increase wages.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Why Pay Envelopes Shrink

Now how does it happen that pay envelopes
are being cut so deeply? There are three reasons
FIRST there is the present decrease IN the
number OF hours of employment. During the pas.
few wears of war millions of workers were asked
70 mt in abnormally long hours of work NOW
that the need is past the 4o-hour week is Oelns
restored.
The change-over from a As TO 4O-hour week
means a decrease in take-home pay, the amount
r in the pay envelope.
That decrease is much more than Just the loss
of eight hours pay.
Workers have been receiving time and hait
for overtime-for all the hours they worked
over 40.
That overtime pay is now gone IN the change
to 40-hour week. The result has been decrease
of almost one-quarter in the workers weekly pay
SECOND weekly pay Is being cut because
many jobs are being reclassified to lower paying
grades The individual worker will feel these paruc-
ularly when he changes from one job to another,
starting at the bottom of the grade.
THIRD the pay envelopes of workers will be
thinner because millions of workers who were en-
ployed in the highly paid war industries will now
have to find jobs in lower-wage, peacetlme en-
ployment.
These three factors added together mean
a drastic cut in the take-home pay of millions
of uorkers. H nothing is done to help the
workers in this situation, millions OF families
uDiH haze to tighten their bets-and by seU-
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

You do know that sudden total victory caused
millions of war workers to be laid off with very
short notice or none at ALL
While we hope to overcome that condition
before too many months are passed, unemployment
is hardly a suitable reward for the contribution
which veterans and war workers have made TO
victory.
Several months ago urged the Congress TO
amend the unemployment compensation law so as
to help workers through the difficult months of
unemployment until reconverson could be effected
The Congress has not yet passed that legisa-
ton.
The responsibility for that is solely up to
the Congress-and specifically mean the
Ddys and means committee of the House of
Representatives..
hope that this committee tUiH fulfill its
obligation to the people of the nation and
wiH giUe the members of the House an early
chance to Uote this important legislation.
We must all recognize that legislation which
will help sustain the purchasing power of labor
until reconversion is completed benefits not labor
alone but all of us-business, agriculture white
collar workers and every member of our economic
society.
am sure that the workers Of the nation those
who depend upon manual labor for livelihood.
also feel a deep concern about full employment
legislation which is pending in the Congress.
II is essential that the Congress speedily adopt
some effective legislation which embodes the
principles underlying full employment
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Poor Reward for Veterans

eace production.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Grave Risks Lie Ahead


HoWever there are important limits upon
the capacity OF industry to raise Wdges without
getting prtce increases. Let me put industrps
position before you.
Industry has many risks and problems ahead
that labor must recognize. For many companies
wartime products which were very profitable will
have to be replaced by civilian products which will
not be so profitable.
There are also problems of reconverting plants
of developing new sources of supply, new products
and new markets, Of training inexperienced work.
ers, Of meeting increased costs of raw materials
and supplies.
All these will mean at the beginning lower
volume and higher unit costs.
These problems and difficulties are por.
ficuldrly true in the case of small business
Which is the backbone of the American COM
petitiUe system.
have said that not all companies can afford
these wage increases want to make clear further,
that there are companies where wages and even
overtime continue high, and where no suffer-
version.
Labor must recognise these differences and
not demand more than an industry or COM
pdny can pay under eriSting prices and con-
ditionS.
This has q stern responsibility to see that
demands for rage increases are reasonable.
Excessive demands will deny to industry
reasonable profits to which it is entitled and which
are necessary to stimulate an expansion of produc
ton.
We must not kill the goose which lays the
golden egg.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
USES Can Do Bio Job

The American people are entitled to
knoW hoW that this government stands for
prosperity and jobs-not depression and re.
lief Passage of a full employment bill piH
giUe the American people this assurance
The responsibility for the damaging delay in
enacting this legislation is definitely at the door
Of the committee on expenditures in the executive
department Of the House Of Representatives
am also sure that the workers Of the nation
feel the same way about what is now happening
TO the United States Employment Service in the
Senate and in the House
During the next year, millions Of workers will
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
and dehation.

llOSC o4O SNAA ONI pOhNlSo'
One of the major factors determining
whether or not we shall succeed in carrying
out those policies is the question of wages and
prices.
If wages 60 down substantially, we face de-
flation. If prices go up substantially we face
initiation.
We must be on our guard and steer clear
of both these dangers to our security.
What happens to wages is important to all
of us-even to those of us who do not work
for wages
1t is important to business, for example,
not only because wages represent an essential
item in the cost Of producing goods, but because
people cannot buy the products of industry
unless they earn enough wages generally.
What happens to wages is also important
to the farmer. The income he earns depends
a great deal on the wages and purchasing
power of the workers in our factories and shops
and stores. They are the customers of the
farmer and cannot buy farm products unless
they earn enough wages.
# The fact is that all of us are deeply con-
cerned with wages, because all of us are con-
cerned with the well-being of all parts of our
w~4.,
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

WASHINGTON, oct. 81 (ENSl-
FoUoiring is the complete tert Of Presi-
dent Tl4aaH'S radio address on lcage
policy:
Fellow citizens:
On Aug. Is, 1915, four days after the
surrender of Japan, issued Executive
Order 9599, which laid down the guiding
policies of your government during the
transition from war to peace.
Briefly stated, these policies are:
FIRST. to assist in the maximum
production of civilian goods.
SECOND. as rapidly as possible
to remove government controls and re-
store collective bargaining and free
markets.
THIRD. to avoid both initiation
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Philippines Relief Survey
Completed by McNuf

By the Associated Press.
MANILA, Aug. Paul v. Nc
Mutt has completed what he de-
scribed as a fact-finding mission
dealing primarily with health and
relief problems in the Philippines
He left Manila yesterday after an
l1-day stay.
The former high commissioner to
the Philippines said he would report
personally to President Truman.
II have all the facts but am not
sure I have the answers" he said.
Mr.. McNutt conferred with Gen
Macarthur, President Sergio Os-
mena and many Filipino leaders.
Mr.. McNutt Is taking to Wash
ington a proposal aimed at enabling
: the Philippines to obtain about ST.
100000 from relief funds raised by
American cities.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Memoirs Of Paul Reynoud
(Tenth in q Series.)
BY PAUL REYNAUD.
War Premier OF France

North American Newspaper Alliance
Late in the afternoon of May 26,
when I came out from conference
with the British minister's in London,
I was informed that two members
of the Belgian government, M. Paul
Spaak, Minister for Foreign Affairs,
and M. Camille Quit, Minister for
Finance, wanted to see me-
M. Spaak took me aside. say
ing that he had something Of
grave importance to tell me. Two
days before, he said, M. Hubert
Pierlot, the Prime Minister; Gen.
Henri Denis, the War Minister; M.
Arthur Vanderpoorten, the Minister
of the Interior, and he had been to
see the King. They found him in a
most alarming mood.
He was talking Of capitulation.
and when his ministers proposed
that he continue the war on the
side of the Allies, by going over to
London, he refused.
His ministers, therefore, declared
that they could no longer cooperate
with him. Deprived Of their counter
signature, the King could only
capitulate as commander in chief
of the Belgian Army.
Could Not Ask Armistice.
He could not request an armistice,
which is government act.
When did the King Of the Bel
gians make up his mind to
surrender?
Following the collapse Of the front
at Dinant and at Sedan, the Allied
armies lying between Namur and
Antwerp were ordered to fall back
to new positions. The King OF the
Belgians at first refused to comply,
and at CHG speculation arose as
to whether he was adopting this
attitude with the intention of
giving in.
In any case, it is certain that,
one week after he had gone to war,
Leopold III began to discuss capit-
ulation.
Why was this army of 500, 900 men
unable to hold out? Why could it
not retire behind the User floods,
as Gen. Weygand had urged and as
the King of the Belgians had ulti-
mately agreed to do?
What were the circumstances of
the surrender? AS regards this, the
decision to send an envoy to ask
for terms was only reported to the
French and British missions when
it had already been taken.
Chambon Protests.
This, indeed, is confirmed by the
energetic protest contained in tel
ephone message from Gen. Cham
bon, in command of the French
mission, and the fact that Gen.
Blanchard, the French area COM
mander, to whom the Belgian high
command was subordinated, only
heard incidentally" from Gen.
Chambon of the decision which had
already been taken.
Capitulation of the Belgian Army
covering the northern flank of the
French and British forces in Bel
gium ended all hope of an attack
south toward the main body of the
French Army. Attacked from the
south, east and west, and threatened
now from the north-the British
even had to withdraw 40 kilometers
ga niles in the Arras region on
brief notice to secure their 30-mile
flank toward the coast-the only
hope for the Franco-British force
was to fight through to the coast
and evacuate by sea.
On June /, Mr.. Churchill sent the
Evening star., 1945-08-01

dor In Paris brought me . mes
sage received by telephone from Mr..
Churchill: There is grave risk. :
Abrial would like the embarkation OF
troops to go on, but he may not be
able to judge things clearly, as he
is directing the operations from in
side casemate (pillbox). The gen.
erals on the spot must be given the
task of deciding when embarkation
must cease. All may be lost through
waiting too long"
Maj. Gen. Sir Edward Spears,
whom Mr.. Churchill had attached to
me as liaison officer, told me that
Gen. Alexander intended to stop the
embarkation that night. Darlan had
cabled to Abrial: Make every effort
to end embarkation tonight ."
felt that there were military ad-
vantages of prime Importance to be
gained by saving as many French
soldiers as possible. I asked insist
emily that the evacuation be not
stopped.
Mr.. Churchill agreed, and sent me
a telegram on June 3:
I'VE are going back for your men
tonight. I must ask you to be sure
that all facilities for embarking will
be used promptly. Last night sew
eral ships waited needlessly at the
cost of many losses and risks"
On June 4. 10000 French soldiers
had been saved. They had been
saved by British ships protected by
British planes.
When Darlan made the Vichy
radio say: Our light ships Sacri-
feed themselves to insure the safety
Of the British Army despite the
breach of faith of the British lead
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Memoirs Of Paul Reynoud
LeopoId's Surrender to Nuzis
Without Warning Is Charged

following telegram to Gen. Wey-
gand:
The critical point Of the evacua-
ton has now been reached. Five
flights of fighter planes, almost con-
tinually in action (as air umbrella)
is all we can do. But six ships
several of them full of troops, were
bombed and sunk this morning. The
only usable channel is under enemy
artillery fire. The enemy is tight
ening his hold. While trying to
hold on until tomorrow, we may
lose everything. If we go this eve
ming, much can certainly be saved
. The situation cannot be judged
as whole by Admiral Abrial in mis-
fortress, nor by you, nor by us here
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Newest JET Fighter
Tops $50 MPH, Looks
Like a Space Ship
BY JOE VAN DENBURG.

The Army today took the covers
of its newest jet-propelled fighter
the Lockheed P-S0 Shooting Star
which looks like Buck Rogers lat
est space ship and flies like run
away ghost.
1t drives through the skies at over
$50 miles an hour, faster than any
other plane In the world, and scars
to more than $4,000 feet, mile
higher than the rated top altitude
of any conventionally powered
fighter.
Even at low altitude its speed out
classes anything else in the skies.
Capt. Wallace Lien, who few a P-80
here from Dayton to Washington
Monday morning, revealed difhdent-
ly the 385-mile cross-country cruise
was made in one hour nat. Low
altitude always cuts a planes speed.
The P-S0. which has been tried
out overseas but has not yet been
thrown into combat, is powered by
a new General Motors super jet"
motor. Kerosene is used as fuel
but any type of gasoline may be
substituted. The motor, buried in
the fuselage behind the pilot, takes
in air through scoops on either
side and blasts its explosive charge
out through a single jet In the tail.
The P-80 looks as If 1t were cast
of grey glass. Its cigar-shaped
fuselage and stubby knife-edge
wings are constructed convention
ally. Afterwards all rivet heads and
other protuberances are filed smooth
and the surface Is sprayed with
several layers Of laquer, coated with
varnish and finished off with a
wax polish.
It's out-of- this-world appearance
is heightened by a large tear-drop
shaped bulge at each wingtip.
Small-fry comic strip readers might
diagnose them as anti-gravity cosmic
disintegrators or some such gimmick
Actually they are auxiliary fuel
tanks, blended into the tips to get
them higher of the ground. In
this way the P-80 can be built with
shorter, sturdier tricycle. landing
gear for there naturally is no propel-
lor. Like similar tanks on conven-
tional fighters they may be dropped
when emptied.
The pilot sits like man from
Mars, under a pressurized bubble
canopy. Air Is diverted from the
Jets compressor into the cockpit,
lessening the strain and fatigue at
tendant on high-altitude flying. AS
the craft approaches the 9-miie
level the pilot uses an oxygen mask,
however, for when he switches on
his guns for combat the air COM
preston cuts out. If he took bull
let through the cockpit with the
pressure turned on the results
might be something like a tire
blowout.
Six .50-caliber machine guns, each
packing 300 rounds Of ammuni-
ton, are crammed into the P-80's
nose. They fire parallel streams of
steel, doing away with the problem
of converging bullet streams which
wing-mounted guns present.
For all the crafts bullet-like
performance the pilots do not need
to be supermen to fly it. According
to Capt. Lien any fighter pilot can
switch to P-80s with little trouble.
The P-80 needs no lengthy warm
up. Thirty seconds after the jet
motor is started 1t is ready for
takeoff, the blast from the tail jet
Soaindiup like the rnIlrnllr of a
giants teapot.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
jap Suicide Pilot
Sinks Abandoned Ship
Ry the Associatsd Press.

BY the ASSOCIATED Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. IA
Japanese suicide pilot put his ex-
plosives-laden plane into dive of
6kinawa and sank a landing ship
which had been abandoned by the
crew two days previously.
The landing ship was beached
and abandoned after it was dam
aged by a mine, crewmen, now at
Treasure Island here, related yes
terday. They said it had been
stripped of all valuable material.
The suicide pilot saved the Navy
demolition crew job.
Evening star., 1945-08-01

We have, therefore, ordered Gen.
tSir Harold Alexander, in COM
mand of the British sector in the
bridgehead, to examine with Ad-
miral Abrial what are the best meas
ures to adopt We feel sure that
you will agree"
Later that day the British Ambassa-
Evening star., 1945-08-01

ers," he was only carrying out the
sorry duties Of vichy minister.
In the battle OF Belgium and Dun
kirk, the French lost about $4,000
men and the British between $4,000
and 10000.
Next Installment Friday.)
| (World Serial Copyrisht Reserved Repro
duction in whole or in part forbidden.)
Evening star., 1945-08-01

Dublin college students charity
Embarrassing rags" have been aban-
doned.
Evening star., 1945-02-02
station. and Daphne Bullock. 10. 1914

Station. and Daphn. Bullock. 10. 1914
Donald ala Il Hail. so. 1885 9 st. NV. .ne
Mary Snyder, 23, Wilkinsburs, Pa
Walter Jasinsky.. IS. 229 N. Piedmont St,
Arlington. and Marian Lucht, 81, $500
Kansas ave. NV.
James Harvey, %, 1921 18th ST. NV, and
Dorothy Thomas, 20 4432 o ST. NV.
Mark, Miller. AZ. Walter Reed Hospital,
and Lois CAN'T, 80. 1924 18th st. NV
PlesseS 9easshs bob of Rst1f. snd
ana Helen Page, rs, ssis s. Monroe ST.
Don Miller, 81. Camp Bowie, Tex, and
Thelma Mcconnell, 20, 334 Peabody
Leonard Void. 20, San Diego, Calf, and
Diane Pietsch. 90. 1927 T st. NV.
and Gladys Greenfield. 10, 1856 Cor
oss:i La Lsas n,;,l T. x.el 4ons s9uthsFs = ave,
John, Walker, a., statler Hotel. and
Helene Croley, 80, Akron, Ohio
Airport, and and Ruth spivsk, 80, sI ssso
Ontario I'd. NV.
Arthur Flick, .35, and Sadie Outouse, 25.
John and oTssn Esa aspe s sl4 3 c0rssin Ss 18th 81
Robert Howe. "a, SO T St.. ne, and
Catherine Hessler, 90, 21S D ST., ne
Lewis Thomas. III. Al, New York City,
and Gertrude Meyer. SO, Quantico. Vo.
Edward Gursky. jr, 27. 1882 18th St,
Evening star., 1945-02-02
LOCAL WOMEN GET
THOUSANDS OF
EXTRA RED POINTS

Every day, precious red points
are being paid to housewives who
turn in used fats to their butch
ers. Because this country is faced
with a possible fat shortage,
these used kitchen fats are even
more urgently needed to make
medicines, synthetic rubber, gun
powder, soaps, paints and a
hundred other essentials on the
battlefield and home front.
Every woman can help towards
final Victory by saving every
drop of used fats each time she
cooks. Even a spoonful is worth
salvaging. Won't you keep saving
until final Victory over both
Germany and Japan?