davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24

properties unless unusually attrac-
tive offers were made.
Current developments in the land
market juctify the concern of farm
organizations and other groups in
the problem of initiation in real
estate.
Shultis cautions farmers to con-
slider lcng time income as the basis
of land value and to disregard the
speculative profit motive in pur-
chasing farms or additional land.
CONSERVE NICOTINE
More nicotine may be needed this
year for control of pests on Cali
fornia crops than will be available
Professor E. o. EsSig, entomologist
in the experiment station of the
University of California, calls at
tention to recommendations of the
state bureau of chemistry for max
ing nicotine dust go further.
Choose a good, warm day to dust
with nicotine. At low tempera-
lures nicotine volatilizes slowly
Effectiveness of nicotine increases
as the temperature goes up.
Fumes of nicotine must remain
around aphids in concentrated form
lcng enough to kill them. If the
wind is blowing the fumes of nico-
tine are quickly blown away ano
their effect is lost. -
The blast of air from the duStel
chould be just strong enough tc
blow out the dust and keep the
pipes from clogging. A strcng blast
of air may blow the dust completely
off the plants.
Tractor drivers often drive sc
fast the duster passes over the
plants so quickly it is impossible
to get a good leverage of all TIE
leaves.
Apply nicotine when infestations
first appear. Heavy infestation i!
difficult to control, and will take
more dust
If insect infestationS are spotted
it may not be necessary to dust the
entire field.
Vigorous, healthy, fast-growine
plants are lecs susceptible to aphic
damage than weak, slow growing
ones.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24

afrfseld, last Japanese-held an
drome on Mindanao.
On Luzon, the 38th division began
burning out the japanese in the
Marakina watershed hills east OF
Manila. using ame-throwing tanks
and catapult device which hurled
barrels of jellied gasoline over hills
and ridges into draws and ravines
where the Japanese were entrench-
ed.
On northern Luzon, the 25th div
ision occupied positions only 500
yards from Santa Fe and was near
junction with other first corps
units moving up the Villa Verde
trail from the southwest.
Gen. MacArthur's communique re-
ported Australian and Dutch troops
were continuing mopping up oper-
ations on Tarakan off East Borneo.
AUSSIES PRESS ON
In southern Bougainville, Austral-
ian troops crossed the Hongorai riv-
er in force and captured strong
positions in the vicinity of Tohu,
two miles to the rear of the Japan
ese defenses guarding the BUN
road ford.
Forty-third division troops, clean
ing up around the Ipo dam 20 miles
northeast of Manila, found what
was believed the largest japanese
cave ever captured in the Pacific
war.
The cave, housing the command
post of a fortress in the cliffs west
Of the dam, was large enough to
accommodate 1900 men, 1t. Col. Paul
w. Bean said.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24

Ezra Pound, above, expatriate
American poet indicted for
his reasonable mouthings of
Nazi and Fascist propaganda,
has been arrested by Partisan
forces at Rapallo, Italy, and
turned over to u. S. military
authorities. Questioned, Pound
said Hitler was a genius" and
Mussolini "a man who lost his
head" He expressed conf
dence his fellow Americans
would give him a square deal"
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
School Changes
Program Place

Wilson school graduation exercises
will be held in the auditorium at
Central Union High school next
Wednesday night instead of at the
athletic field as originally arranged
School Superintendent Guy Weak
ley said admiSs. IN 10 the reserved
seat section will be by ticket only
There are 1875 graduates from the
eighth grade this year.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
WINS $4,000 DAMAGES

PHOENIX, Ariz., May "a. CUP)-
Jack Zane and his wife, Mrs. Zca
H. Zane, CT Phoenix, Thursday
held judgment of $4,000 against
the Pacific Greyhound Lines for
injuries suffered by Mrs. Zane in
a bus-truck crash near Indio, Cali
fornia, last December. The award
was made by a federal court jury
which heard testimony in suit
brought by the couple asking $751;
565 damages.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
NEW MEXICO GETS ROUTING
FOR CROSS-COUNTRY ROAD

PHOENIX, Ariz., May "a (UP)-
The state highway commission
Thursday had been informed that a
fight between supporters Of rival
routes had cost Arizona a leg on
the proposed Canada to- Mexico
highway. The Canada-to-M Mexico
highway assn, meeting at Grand
Junction, Colorado, voted TO route
the road to the border through New
Mexico and Texas.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
School BUILDING
Plans Progress

Plans for replacing Wilson school
building in FL Centre which was
destroyed by fire late last summer
progressed rapidly Thursday, School
Superintendent Guy Weakley said,
Weakley will go to Los Angeles
Friday to confer with architects
and representatives of the state
school planning bureau concerning
problems standing in the way Of
construction at this time. 1t is eX-
pected that all preliminary details
will be ironed out soon.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
Ell CENTRAN WILL FACE
TRIAL FOR MURDER.

EuStacio Heredia, 81, will go to
trial in Imperial county superior
court June 4 on a charge of Staying
Geronimo Almada, II, with poe
ketknife.
The killing occurred in the east
side district of El Centre last May
4. Ell Centro police said Heredia
told them he stabbed Almada be-
cause of his attentions to his 14-year
cid wife, Josel-I.ne Heredia.
Bail was set at $500.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24

Railroads operating in Texas are
required to maintain their head
quarters in the state.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
EAGLES INITIATE EIGHTEEN
AT LODGE CEREMONIES

Eighteen new members were in-
itiated at the FL Centre Eagles
lodge at impressive ceremonies held
Tuesday night in the lodge hall at
500 Broadway.
During the evening the lodge vot-
ed to buy $4,000 worth Of war bonds
bringing the total bond holdings OF
the lodge to $4,000.
At the close of the meeting re-
freShmentS were served.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-05-24
LICENSES ISSUED

Marriage licenses have been is
sued by County Clerk w. J. McClel-
land to Eugene George Kostrewa,
2e, marine, and Mary Jakes, 90,
member of the women's marine
reserve; and to John Charles Brown,
%, marine, and Filoma Apauline
Wiczus, 81, women's marine reserve
member.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21

Today the whole world is divided between human
slavery and human freedom between pagan brutality
and the Christian ideal.
We choose human freedom = which is the Christian
ideal
No one ofus can for moment in his courage or
his faith
We will not accept Hitler dominated world And
will accept world like the postwar world Of the
192O in which the seeds of Hterisni again be planted
and allowed to grow.
We will accept only world consecrated to freedom Of
speech and expression freedom OF every person
ship God in his way freedom from want = and free
dom from terrorism. p "
Is such a world impossible of attainment?
Magma Carta the Declaration of independence, the
Constitution Of the United States the Emancipation Proc
amation and every other milestone in human progress
all were ideals which seemed impossible of attainment
yet they were attained. - May q, 1941.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
By ROY WILKINS

that it is against Imperialism. The great words
of Sumner Welles, speaking at Arlington on
May 80, 1912, declare that imperialism must 60
if the world is to have peace and security
But America has built bases all over the
world. Her brave marines and her navy have
taken islands at a terrific cost in money and
lives The army and the navy and certain other
powerful interests want us to keep those islands,
not, they say, for imperialistic purposes, but
for protection"
II America should declare that she intends to
keep her islands, bought with the blood of her
sons, how can she insist that other nations SUBJ
NIT their holdings to an international trustee
ship? This dilemma is the reason why the
whole subject has thus far been by-passed in
building the agenda for the San Francisco meet
ing 1t is the hottest hot potato in international
diplomacy today and the State Department
would like nothing better than to have every
body forget the whole thing.
But $50 million black and brown people live
in these dependent colonies They have been
robbed Systematically by absentee landlords for
generation after generation. II the Chinese are
not kept in line by the Western powers by farer
treatment and If the Japanese Gas is planned)
are shorn OF all power and held at the mercy
of the rest of the world. then there will be
nearly billion and half restless colored peo-
pie in the world.
There can be no peace unless the San Fran
cisco conference faces squarely the question of
colonies and the darker races. II we are even
to begin on a new world, we must begin this
spring on the hills overlooking the fabulous
Golden Gate. American Negroes, the most
tculate and the most advanced politically of
all black people everywhere, are challenged
TO the greatest task they have ever faced the
voicing in unequivocal terms of the deepest
desires of their gagged and bound brothers over
the globe.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Discrimination Of Railroads

l have received from the Fair Employment Practice
Committee certification that the Committee has reached
mpasse with number of railroads and railroad labor
organizations in its effort the removal OF dis
ordinations in certain fields OF railroad employment
enclosing copy Of the letter to me from Chairman
Malcolm Ross Of the Fair Employment Practice Committee
and also copies of pertinent documents in this
Obviously in such complicated structure the
poration industry attain perfect justice in
of equal employment opportunities for all people. l am
however that you agree with that all Americans
this time should he anxious that dscrn-
nations prevent the fullest OF manpower in pro-
vding the strength essential the major military often
sives planned Indeed, hardly anything in America
important such unity based upon justice
will make possible the best of all human re-
sources in this year Of supreme national effort
January 5, 1914
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
THE THREE BIGGEST MEN IN THE WORLD

different. with backgrounds so opposed, as those
of the patrician intellectual Roosevelt; the en-
pre- conscious descendant of the Duke of Mari.
borough, Churchill; and the revolutonist son of
humble Georgian family. Stain.
The danger to the very existence OF their coun-
tries has forced these three men 10 wage to-
gether global war. For that there no
major difficulty: their peoples and their armies
were unanimously behind them their ainl--vic-
tory-was identical But already al Teheran and
even more. at Yalta psychological and po-
htlcsl elements entered into the picture, which
previously was purely military One could have
feared that peacemaking, being such different
thing from waging war, would bring into the
open their contradictory views and tempers. The
unanimity OF their peoples which had served
them as a secure backbone was no longer there
Even IN Russia. with state controlled press
letters to the editors OF trade-union papers such
War and the Working Class indicate
marked differences Of public opinion with re-
gard to the coming peace treaty.
Under such circumstances much depended and
much will depend on the three men themselves
That is where personal traits. political habits,
ability to seek and TO accept compromise grow
into history making factors.
Already at Teheran IL appeared that rela-
lively close relationship of mutual trust began
TO be established between the three men But
now al ialta there are signs Of real friend
ship which, paradoxically enough, is strength
cned by the diversity Of their backgrounds and
OF their domestic political PHILOSOPHERS.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
BY LOUIS DoLIvEr
CONDENSED from Free World)
NEVER BEFORE have three men be


~ responsible for the making Of history than
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Joseph Stain and
Winston Churchill
Their faces familiar TO almost all the in
hsbitants Of the earth: their voices known
10 almost everyone; and they could walk down
the streets Of any city of the civilized world and
be recognized immediately. While leaders often
come and 60 or while the interest of the people
in them huctuates. these three last and they
constantly increasing in stature. II is difficult 10
cnviSage the world of today without the Big
Three'-whether one likes them or not.
Roosevelt and Stain have been the leaders
Of their countries since long before the outbreak
OF this war, while Churchill was able to assume
decisive leadership only because of the war.
None Of the people of the three countries knew
exactly what the value Of these men would be
at the helm OF the most desperate and gigantic
war in history. But now, not only the people
of their own countries, but the whole world
knows that their strategic genius matches their
political ability.
And yet until recently the greatest test was
still TO comc-the test of peaccmakng, which at
last has begun From the outset the prospect
was for fascinating cncoutcr of three powerful
different individuatics. but not for unity and
mutual concessions. No three men could be more
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21

God of the free pledge hearts and lives today
to the cause OF all free mankind. sAsaF.z..
Grant victory the tyrants who would enslave
all free men and nations Grant faith and understand
ing to cherish all those who fight for freedom they
brothers. Grant brotherhood hope and un
ion not only for the space of this bitter war; the
days to which shall and unite all the children
of earth.
Our earth is but small in the great universe
Yet Of it make il choose planet unvexed by
untroubed by hunger fear undivided by senseess
distinctions of color theory. Grant that courage
and foreseeng to begin this task today that children
and chdren's children may be proud of the name
of man.
THE spirit of man has awakened and the soul of man
has gone forth. Grant the wisdom and the vision to
comprehend the greatness of mans spirit that suffers
endures hugely for goal beyond his brief span
Grant honor for dead who died in the faith honor
for living who work and strive for the faith redemption
and security for all captive lands and peoples Grant
patience with the deuded and pity for the betrayed And
grant the skill and the vaor that shall cleanse the
world Of oppression and the old base doctrine that the
strong must eat the weak because they strong.
Yet most Of all grant us brotherhood only for
this day but for all our brotherhood not of words
but of and deeds We all Of children Of earth
grant us that simple knowledge brothers op-
pressed then oppressed If they hunger hunger
their freedom is taken away, freedom is
Grant common faith that shall know bread and
peace that he shall know justice and righteousness
freedom and security equal opportunity and equal
chance to do his best not only in lands but through
out the world. And in that faith let march, toward the
clean world hands make. Amen"
- June 13, 1912
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Birth Registration
Urged By Bureaus

planning adequate health prog ANS
for children. Under TIC Soc al Sc
curity Act. Federal funds have been
made available IN State health de-
partmentS 10 promote programs of
maternal and child health and vel
fare Unless all births arc regis
tered in State the amount VI
money received by that State IS
less than the proportion 10 which
II is entitled. and 80 fewer children
said Miss Leuroo'
&C, ne care they n!1h. have.
4 1910 study on Completeness ~
Birth Registration" by the Bureau
~ the Census shows that rcgiStra-
ton is generally poorest IN rural
areas. and among tho nonwhl,e
population in both rural and urban
areas. Many rural areas showed 100
per cent completeness OF regisira-
ton. however. and IN some areas
the non-whitc population had bet
ter registration than the white
population. Delaware. for example.
showed 100 per cent non-whitc
ycglSiration FOR urban areas as con-
pared with 90 | per cent regis
tration for whites. and o. per
cent non-white rural registration As
compared with 942 per cent for
whites,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21

WHEREAS it is the policy Of the United States
full participation in the national defense program
by all citizens of the United States regardless Of creed
color, national origin in the firm belief that the demo-
cratic way of life within the Nation be defended
cessfuIy only with the help and support OF all groups with
its borders and
WHEREAS there is evidence that available and needed
workers have been barred from employment in industries
engaged defense production solely because of condea
ton OF creed color national origin the detr
ment Of workers morale and of national unity:
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue OF the authority vested
in by the Constitution and the statutes and pre-
requisite the successful conduct OF national defense
production effort do hereby reafrm the policy of the
United States that there shall be discrimination in the
employment of workers in defense industries or govern
men because of creed color national origin and
do hereby declare that it the duty of employers and
labor organizations in furtherance of said policy and of
this order provide for the full and equitable participation
Of all workers in defense industries without discrimination
because of race creed color. national origin;
And is hereby ordered follows;
l. All departments and agencies Of the Government Of
the United States concerned with vocational and training
programs for defense production shall take special
appropriate that programs admin
stcrcd without discrimination because of creed color
national origin
All contracting agencies OF the Government of the
United States shall include in all defense here
after negotiated by them provision obgatng the con-
discriminate against any worker because Of
race creed color, national origin;
g. There is established in the Office Of Production
Management Committee Fair Employment Practice
which shall consist OF chairman and four other members
he appointed by the President The chairman and men,
bers of the Committee shall such without compen-
sation but shall I've entitled actual and necessary
poration. subsistence and other expenses incidental
performance OF their duties The Committee shall receive
and investigate complaints of discrimination in violation
Of the provisions of this order and shall take appropriate
steps redress grievances which it finds be valid The
Committee shall also recommend the several depart
and agencies OF the Government Of the United
States and the President all which may be
deemed by necessary proper effecuate the provi
sions OF this order.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21

After the issuance Of a Presiden-
tal proclamation designating May
|. l945. as Child Health Day. Negro
parents throughout the country
were urged this week To- join all
other parents IN cooperating with
State health departments and bu-
reaus Of vital statistics in intensive
characterization campaigns.
Cooperation Of all groups ~ the
population IN the birth-reeiStratior
campaign was asked by Katharine
F. Lcnroot. chief Of the Children'S
Bureau. Department OF Labor, and
J c Capt. director Of the Bureau
VI the Census Department OF Com
mercc. Thest two agencies are joint
sponsors OF this years observance
of Child Health Day.
One out OF every IL babies
born each year isn't registered"
MIR. Capt said. a birth certificate
Is the best evidence Of citizen
ship. age. and place Of birth II Is
possible TO have In claiming
many Of the privileges and pro-
tectionS Of citizenship.
COMPLETE BIRTH registration
is Of enormous assistance 10 State
and local health departments IN
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21

Britain does not intend that anyone shall tell
her what to do with colonial peoples.
France has indicated that she intends to stick
10 the empire idea with, perhaps, few changes.
She will embark upon policy that eventually
will make her present colonial subjects into
citizens. How long that will take no one knows
How sincere France is in inaugurating the
policy no one knows.
The Dutch in Holland are reported as prom
Using some improvements in their colonial
policy. but the Dutch in the Far East do not
seem 10 know anything about changed policy.
At any rate, the Dutch NOT thinking about
freedom for their colored subjects. Everyone
knows that the Belgians have not the remotcst
idea OF freedom for their vast and rich colonies.
The United States is in the middle" on this
question II has pledged the Atlantic Charter.
1t has announced the Four Freedoms II has
declared it wants no territory out of this war,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
Proclamation Of National Emergency

Therefore with profound consciousness of my respon
sibiltes to my counrymen and to my counrys cause,
have tonight issued proclamation that unlimited
gency exists and requires the Strengthening of defense
the limit Of national power and authority
The nation will expect all individuals and all groups
TO play their full parts without stint and without selfish
and without doubt that democracy will triumph
antly survive.
repeat the words of the Sgners of the Declaration
independence that little band of patriots fighting long
against wheming odds but certain We, of u
innate victory With firm reliance the protection of
Divine Providence. mutually pledge each other our
lives our fortunes, and our sacred honor"
May 81, 1871
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
STATEMENTS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT
-FOUR FREEDOMS

The four freedoms OF COM
mon humanity are n much ele-
ments Of mans needs ~ air
and sunlight. bread and salt.
Deprive him Of all these free
doms and he dies-deprive him
Of . part Of them and . part Of
him withers. Give them - him
In full and abundant measure
and he will cross the threshold
Of q new age. the greatest age
Of man. tests
These freedoms are the rights
Of men Of every creed and ev-
cry race, wherever they live.
This Is their heritage, long
withheld. We Of the United
Nations have the power and
the men and the will ut last to
assure mans heritage.
The belief in the four free
doms Of common humanity
the belief In man, created free,
In the image Of Gods the
crucial difference between our
selves and the enemies we face
today. In IL lies the absolute
unity Of our alliance, opposed
to the oneness of the evil we
hate. Here Is our strength. the
source and promise Of victory.
JUNE IL. 1912.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-21
ON FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT


TO HEADS OF ALL DEPARTMENTS AND INDIE
PENDENT ESTABLISHMENTS:
1t has my attention that there is in the Fed
era establishment lack of uniformity and possibly some
lack Of sympathetic attitude toward the problems of mi
nory groups particularly those relating the employment
and assignment of Negroes in the Federal Civil Service
With view to improving the situation it is my desire
that all departments and independent establishments in
the Federal Government make thorough examination of
their personnel policies and practices the end that they
may be able that in the Federal Service the
doors of employment open to all loyal and qualified
workers regardless of creed, race national origin
1t is imperative that deal with this problem speed
lily and effectively shall look for immediate steps be
taken by all departments and independent establishments
Of the Government facilitate and put into effect this
policy OF non-discrmination in Federal employment.
- September 6, 1941