davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
Workers in Defense Duties

time due to industrial
has averaged not than hour person per
combined frayed resulted
strikes during 1914 to double what they were in
the previous year,
addition the hours in industry both and
required participate civil defense frevatchng
children
under IA other with home ties be exempted from
civil defense duties.
That the scale of mobilization Of achieved has been
than attained number
the industrial reached highest
the of 193 by which labor fully mobzed
middle OF one-haf million
United Kingdom compared
with less than half million the beginning of the This total
has been reached of the casualties sustained during five
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
Women Drafted for War Jobs

That early system of options the
Ices been greatly limited
and p have been alocsed priority civilian choice
That the military hardship
which and applied deferments If their
dict unanimous applicant may appeal umpire whose
decision final Defermens be granted only months
and then be opened again
stop
successfully applied their jobs This
order the right the employer fire the employees free
dom to
worker be absent without good Before action
however against absentee must be
and trade union representative. Alb
actually be punished the courts but the social
his feow-workers usually sufficient deterrent
National every who is frozen
equal the normal whether the
available required to do
job o assigned any reasonable overtime
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
s. Millions in Service

That including the number killed missing taken prisoner
total number of
armed the United
Kingdom one-hah millions
addition serving the armed forces, large
defense At the
height of the attacks 19l the number $4,000
has been reduced TO 225O00
That British White Paper published last September promised
would rehabilitation
of industries until the total defeat Of Axis forces throughout
world Conscrpon of the forces will but who
have served for long periods will be released when replaced No
will be released transferred considered
necessary military grounds
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
Things 1 NeUer KneIU

GAbOut the National Service Act In Brittany
THAT British people who cherish their personal freedom just
much do wasted time trusting their govern
when the nation in danger.
That May o. 1940 with panzer divisions and
the uftwafe swarmng France and the Low Countries
the House of Commons passed less than three hours
Emergency Power Defense giving government
control and property just
OF particular class of the community all persons rich
and poor, employer and workman. woman and all
property"
That the afternoon the minister labor national
the all labor perform
United Kingdom might be specified.
December 1913
into mining would otherwise gone
They known "Bevn Boys" (Boy John LewisD
That deement marriage dependents
occupationa granted
ginning of the Nar-such IS shipbulderS weders,
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
Collective Bargaining Shows Gain

That collective bargaining has been developed and extended
since the beginning of the
That wartime standardization of and conditions of en-
Minister Ernest Bevn
the Commons to set
structure during iveyear period after the
tribunal the compulsory arbitration
methods OF
bargaining reported the minister of labor
of the
within 21 days the tribunal strike legal only
10 the
tribunal within the p Naturally this situation is seldom
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
Bill Bendixes Seek
Another TO Adopt
HOLLYWOOD. Feb. 3.

tOLL1 WOOD, r eO. 5.
The William Bendixes are so
charmed with their adopted
daughter. Stephanie, that they
have already put in application
To take another baby.
Bill hardly has time for any
thing but work now. He goes
right from "A Bell for Adano"
into Two Faced Quilligan."
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-11
ASS tomorrow night.

And then there's the radio
show. His wife, Tess, figures a
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
George Crockett
Explains Union
Card Charges

A preview Of things 10 come
flashed across the JAW screen
this week when so women MEM
bers in Pontiac accused the union
~ being biased toward them and
demanded OF President r. J.
Thomas why George Crockett. di-
rector OF the Fair Practices Com
mittee. is not member OF the
UAW-CIO.
Crockett told the Chronicle
Monday that II Is true that he
IL not a member of the JAW,
hut that he Ii q CIO man NJ sew
eral years standing. having been
. member Of the Department Of
Labor Local Of the United Fed
eral Workers Of America. CLIO.
HAVING NEVER worked in
an automobile plant" Crockett
said. Il never belonged TO the un-
ion. When was asked 10 take this
job. | requested that be per-
mitted TO work for two months in
a plant in order 10 acquaint my
self with conditions. | was told
that the problem Of discrimination
was so pressing i'm the union that
! could not possibly be given the
time.
Il feel. however. that 7 am IA
milar with CIO policy because !
was legislative director for my To-
cal and drafted the constitution
which is now being used by the To-
cal -
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04

3 To set M scholarships TO en-
courage Negro youth TO finish high
school and college and 10 equip
themselves with technical and pro-
tessIonal training;
4. To get Negro soldiers the same
rights as the white under the post
war program OF Canada:
s To fight 20 abolish diScrinina-
ION IN housing and 20 encourage
ne purchasing o. homes and farm
and for cultivation and develop
Tent:
6. To develop Domiu,on-w vide
study groups OF the cooperative
movement With the view to Great
.rE ne interest and acquiring the
NroW.cdEe - WON out and operate
producers and consumers cooper
a,tcS and ,red; Unions: and
To develop ana employ the
9o.lca, power Of Negroes 20 pro-
,cyt a"d advance their interests
and u-HtS ana me Seneral vel
Aol1- ~ inc WORKER ard nc COM
WON man.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Windsor Mayor
Supports NAACP
In Bob-Lo Case

Al 4 recent meeting between
Mayor Arthur J Reaume % Wind
sor. ard Dr.. James McClendon
and Gloster Current. president ard
executive secretary. respectively
81 me Detroit branch 81 the
NAACP, the Mayor promised that
Windsor officials would cooperate
In the Rob-In boat case.
The conference between The on
cisls was arranged BY Or Rov
Ferry of Windsor a, the request OF
tre NAACP officials. Mayor
Reaumr deplorcd the un-demo-
cratic attitude OF the Bob-Io man.
acenent and promised 10 instruct
the solicitor OF Windsor 10 cooper
ate with the Assistant Prosecutor
Joseph Bannigsn.
Canadian Negro citizens have
been Disseminated against bv the
Rob-Lo company and Mayor
ResuTe indicated his interes, IN
securing reversal q, the diScrim-
ins,o-y policy which effects both
Canadian Negroes
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Man, Woman Held
On Assault Charge

Police charge that Floyd Murphy.
%, OF 1908 Brewster street, a fire.
man employed by city and an al
legged friend. Louise Carter, 33. OF
31l2 Rivard street were accused of
felonious assault upon Maggie Lig-
ons. 20. OF Sal E. Adams, apt. l3.
1t was disclosed that the two
women were employed at the
Brady Bar and that an argument
resulted in the alleged theft Of a
coat. Miss Lyon was stabbed with
an ice pick.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
An Elected Patron
Slabs Leeionnaire

A man whom police say had
been elected from An American
Legion Post clubhouse because he
vas drunk was held this week 70,
investigation Of felonious assault
upon Wesley Jones, 10, of 6406
Whitewood.
Jones. an Official OF the post
so police say. elected General
Roosevelt Harris. IL, Of 1924 Scot
zen street for being disorderly on
the premises
Harris. according IN police had
threatened Ito get Jones.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
1t. MING WILL
Defend BEATEN
WAC'S IN TRIAL
BY HARRY McALPIN

WASHINGTON, d. c-(NNpA)
The three colored WACS who
were brutality beaten by City police
Of Eiizabethtown. KY. for sitting
IN the White waiting room" at a
bus station last week. will be de-
Tended IN their courtmariial trial
by 1t. w. Robert Ming. base legal
officer al Goldman Field under Col.
B. o. Davis Jr.
THE THREE WACS are charged
with dlsorderly conduct-probabl
. violation OF the 96th Article
OF War One Of their group. after
the serious beating by the police.
was dragged to the city Jail. They
were later taken into custody by
the military authorities. and re-
portedly reprimanded by their COM
manding officer for failing 10 OBJ
serve jmcrow laws and patterns
OF the community.
The only offense reported az
committed by the girls was failure
10 move fast enough" when or
dered out OF the white waiting
room. They sought to explain that
the "colored waiting room" was
crowded with men and the lights
In there were out. One witness
reported that policeman began
beating the girls in uniform with
his nlghtstick and yelling when
we tell ni2gers 70 move we mean
Tor them 10 git During the me-
lee. another white officer arrived
ana assisted in dragging one OF
the WACS to Jail
ALL THREE o. the girls are sta
toned AT Fort Knox. Ky. adjoin-
Ing Goldman Field. They are re-
ported 10 have excellent service
records. One Of them. Pfc. Helen
n. Smith Of Syracuse. ". Y. who
was dragged 10 Jail, is the mother
~ grown daughter The other
two are Pfc Georgia Bosom OF
Texas, and Pvt Tommie Smith.
The girls requested that Lieut..
Ming he assigned 10 defend them.
He was the. Law officer q, the court
martial trial ~ which he three
officers ~ The 477th Composite
Group were freed ~ charges of
disobeying an order when thew
attempted 70 enter q white oficers
club az Freeman Field. Ind, last
April.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Set Up Advancement
League In Canada

IN an effort 20 fight diScvlnina-
ton IN Canada. a group Of Negro
citizens have organized the Cana
dian League for the Advancement
Of Colored People. with hesdquar-
iers in Montreal, Quebec.
Cooperating with the Canadians
In the formation Of the aSsocia-
ton were 4. Philip Randolph, Of
New York. and Bonnie smith.
Of Detroit. international officers
Of the Brotherhood 81 Sleeping
Car PorterS Victor I. Coward
is the chairman and Miss Nclmer
I Coward national secretary Of
the new group.
THREE branches hayc already
been So. w AZ Toronto Wan pcG
ard ca Gsvy ana plans are now
being formulated 20 50, uo others
20 Na"co.Vcr. H3,EsN Chatham
3ri Windsor PresI-c-, - nc
Toronto branch $ y n \ WH,ke.
~ nc VIM. pcs branch '~e Rev
NJ Warren. and at Csisarv. ?. T
Cay VIM $ also p'es.icr' O., nc
AA.aA- caaP'rr- 10 Motherhood o.
Sleeping Car Hor'cr'
THE seven D0.rt 7roC~70, - nc
new iN.' q cas- e = IS fo,oNS.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Police Nab Man
With Bet Slips

\ Warrant rccnmmcniat IN iris
week charges Carlson n Burnett.
- n, 90 F Klrhv >'rcrt. NTH S'o-
lsuon ~ ne state gaming lsw.
s',cr police had conHsca,ed nU;uel
slips and S7l7 SO N cash from his
person
Police say mat Rurre'' was ar
rested for trarlc violation and
the gaming equipment uas foInd
II MS auto. douo'e parked las;
week on + Warren avenue.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
BOARD FIGHTS
FOR J|MCROW
PARKS IN D. C.
Nv HARRY McALPIN

W Ash Nj ION, ID. CT NNPA)
The creeping paralysis 81 a
southern Jincrow pattern is
spreading r1ore and more over
The already declma,ed body o, the
nations capital
Now comes the n. e. Recrea-
tion Board-sppointed. not elect
ed-which Is determined to seq
rerate completely Negroes and
whites In all public recreational
activities.
AFTER railing A., whites or a
play ground tennis court used JOINT
~ by both racial groups over
period o, years. the Board IS now
laying plans 10 set up separate
white and Negro areas in the ,ed-
erally-con;ro.,ed parks 0, the Dis
,r.ct o, Columbia The parks are
now under sd.c'ion 81 ne De-
payimen' o. me Interior headed
by liberal Harold l. Ickes
lckeS has ruled there wi, he
no segregation IN the areas under
his control But the n. c Recrea-
ton board ia planning "a tee, lckes'
authorliy-with full backing 81
Sen Theodore Blho II plans 70
consider setting UP the jmcrow
restrictions al its meeting or Au-
gus, IA. hoping il Will lead ito
court case.
A RULING ~ me courts vii no
sought on whether the parks and
recreation ayraS in y { which
are under federal Iursd elton are
0aiioNa, parks ~ the sense ~ Vel
lowstonc Ma onal Psrk-or phe'h-
~ ;ney are Subject 20 Tho rulings
~ me y { Recreation board since
located IN ne Dis;ric; Cor use OF
> strict residents
4 group Of - citizens and civic
o2ca0 7sions. including tie Go
and the NAACP are hzhun- ne
Recreation Boards spread O! n
CROW bevond AL previous bounds
~ me nations capital The or
Earlzattons vii be gwen 9 minutes
each A. the AUG Il meeting 20
cNNress iheir views Or'v one
Negro 9 member - TIC Recrea-
ION Fosrd She is ou,yo,ed CON
Ststentt,v
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
She Went To Aid
Mother, Gets Hurt

A 14-year-old girl. Winona Burns
o, 20O6 Maple street. told police
that she was struck with stick
when she went 10 the assistance
OF her mother while the latter
was engaged in street fight with
tvo unidentified women.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Married Woman
Stubs Girl, ID

Police say that l4-year-old
girl was stabbed last week during
an argument with married wom-
an over her husband. Charged
with stabbing the young girl.
whose name is withheld by the
Chronicle is Mrs Maybelle Will
liams. OF 3677 Rvard street.
The wife charges. according 70
police. that the young girl was
going out with her husband.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
LITTLE GIRL
SHOWS WAY TO
CLEAN BLOCKS

1t took the action Of a little IL
year-old girl last week 10 spur the
Clean Block campaign into high
gear with a fighting spirit tina,
could we'll be copied by those who
hope to win the prizes.
The Rev. Mother Hooks. SUI
pervisor Of the area. appointed
little Ruth Cain captain OF the
1900 block on east Willis. Ruth
was told to 90 out and gather her
crew and start cleaning.
WHEN RUTH went out and tried
10 get other little boys and girls
10 help her. she got no co-opera-
ton. But she refused 10 be out
done, She started the job Of clean
ing the streets and cutting the
weeds all by herself She was de-
termlned 70 have clean block.
She worked hard with her broom,
shovel and rake. and by the time
Miles FalSon, general supervisor OF
the campaign, happened along
there were large mounds Of dirt
IN the street. He nodded approx
inglv al the progress being made
BY that block.
1T WAS NOT until later that he
earned that Il was the result of
one little girls campaign TO clean
up, fx up and paint up. Many
Of the neighbors were impressed by
little Ruth's determination and
initiative. Two days later, the
nei9hoors and other kids in the
block were pitching in and doing
Their hare.
Beside being a clean block crew
in one l.',ie hunk of flesh. Ruth Is
an excellent pianist for her years.
She = church organist for Every
bodys Tabernacle Of Holiness.
BESIDES ne excellent supervi-
son and direction given by Mother
Hooks, Mrs Cora Butler is doing
outstanding work in the Clean
Block drive on the lower East Side
Also DONG fire job Is Mrs. Julia
Carter in the North End, east of
Oakland.
With less than a month now re-
NAMING IN the campaign, groups
are working diligently for prizes.
Genera. improvement OF the blocks
are rated IN the awarding of the
prizes. Some Of the factors which
viii count are flowers in window
boxes or in the front yards. no
trash in sight at any time, clean
yards. steps painted. windows clean
and shades hung evenly. no loud
talking and people clean.
With many Of the contestants
showing the spirit OF little Ruth
the campaign gets more animated
every. day and threatens 70 end in
close race with many improved
nelghborhoodS throughout the city.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04

Mr.. Crockett produced = union
card TO substantiate his claim Of
membership in the United Fed
eral Workers OF America, CIO.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04

MIR. CROCKETT explained that
there has been a great deal OF OPP
position from women members Of
the JAW 10 having their griev-
ances handled by the JAW Fair
Practices Committee ard that he
had heard that much Of the oppo-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
Speaks To Summer
Grads At Lincoln

JEFFERSON CITY. Mo $500 ~.
William \. FIrGal 81 Charleston
Mo. delivered the commencement
ADDRESS al The annual summer
school convocation Of Lincoln uni
Nersi'v on Thursday evening. Aug
2 when degrees were awarded by
Pres dent Sherman n Scruggs 10
those having satisfactorily COM
rle;ed nc requirements N their
chosen fields ~ concentration
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
HELD IN RORRFRJFS

4 Young man arrested This week
ne SUSpeS'' IN nc holiup a.,
persons attending DSR parties vas
held and identified as JAMES Ice
-. - 700 F. Nontca'm street.
Police say ina, lcc. former
DSR employee. was hold to- in
vcStiga'ion ~ series ~ armed
~ohheries durinZ the past few
weeks.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04
CUTS WIFE. CLOTHES

Cornelia Sly. 81, of 6l8 Riopelle
street, charges that she was stabbed
after she had a man arrested for
cutting up her clothes.
Held for investigation OF the al
legged assault is her husband. Rob-
ert Elliott. 40. OF 1888 Riopelle
street
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-08-04

sition was based on the fact That
a Negro was al the head Of ne
committee.
The so women meeting In Pom
tisc recommended that kilograms
be sent 10 r. ]. Thomas. George
Adde's. secretary-treasurer; Walter
Reuther and Richard T. Frank
ensteen. union vice-presidents.
asking them 10 combine seniority
lists for men and women. b..
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Full Text of Presidents Address OH Wage Polio

Briefly, il allows management
to make wage increases without
government approval. but requires
government approval before the
wage increase can be reflected in
higher price ceilings.
That is still the policy of the
United States.
To guide labor and management
in I h cir Interpretation of tins
executive order, / have today is
sued an amendment which hope
every one of you will read care
Continued on Page I9)
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

AS a free people, we must have
the good sense to bargain peace
ably and sincerely. We must be
determined 10 reach decisions
based upon our long-range IN
terest.
Let me emphasize, however,
that the decisions that are reached
in collective bargaining must be
kept within the limits laid down
by the wage-price policy of the
government.
This policy was described in the
order of last August which / have
already mentioned.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

have TO look to efficient and centralized employ
ment offices to find jobs for them anywhere In
the country
The United States Employment Service has
done so much during the war, and can do so much
during the months ahead if it can continue to
operate as a nationwide and unified organization,
that hope the Congress, for the time being, Will
keep this great public service under federal man
agement
But quite as important these problems OF
unemployment is the fact that the end of the war
has meant deep cut in the pay envelope OF many
millions Of workers
wonder how many of you know that many
war workers have already had to take or Will soon
have 10 take a cut in their wartime pay by one
quarter more.
Think of what such decrease in your own
income would mean TO you and to your families
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

control TO determine wage adjust
ments have on other occasions
been the first TO point out that
the continued intervention of gov
ernment must spell the end OF
our system of free enterprise.
l am convinced that we must
get quay as quickly as possible
from government control, and
that zoe must get back TO the
free operation Of our competi-
tiVs system. Where wages are
concerned, this means that ws
must get back to free and fair
collective bargaining.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Drop Would Hurt Us All

It has been estimated that, unless checked,
the annual wage and salary bill in private industry
will shrink by over 20 billions of dollars.
That is not going to do anybody any good
labor, business, agriculture, or the general pubic.
The corner grocer is going to feel it, as well as
the department store the railroads, the theaters
and the gas stations-and all the farmers OF the
nation.
1t is a sure road to wide unemployment.
This is Wh0t is knOUn as defLdtton, and 1t
is rust as dangerous as initiation.
However we must understand that we cannot
hope with a reduced work week. to maintain now
the same take-home pay for labor generally that
1t had during the war
There will have to be drop. But the nation
cannot afford to have that drop too drastic
Wage increases are therefore imperative
to cushion the shock to our Uorkers, to sus-
tain adequate purchasing poWer and to raise
the national income.
There are many people who have said to me
that industry cannot afford to grant any wage
increases, however without obtaining correspond
ing increase in the price of its products.
And they have urged me to use the machinery
of government TO raise both.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01

ment farmer and consumer-would be very black
indeed
Fortunately, this is not so. While the
positions of different industries Uary greatly,
there is room in the existing price structure
for business as a whole to grant increases in
Wage rates.
And If all of us ,Oould approach the problem
IN q spirit OF reas0ndbieneSS and gtue-dnd-tdke
If lCe Would sat doiOn together and try to de-
termine hOU much increase particular
company or industry could aHoiO at a particular
time-I think most businessmen lUOuld agree
that 1O0ge Increases are possible.
Many of them, in fact, hare already nego-
tidted substantial rage increases 1oithout
asking for any increase of prices.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-01
Labor Must Do lis Share

Labor itself has a responsibility to aid industry
in reaching this goal of higher production and
jobs.
1t must strive constantly for greater efficiency
and greater productivity-good work done for good
wages earned.
Only in that way can we reach the mass
production that has brought this country to the
front of the industrial countries of the world.
Labor must constantly find woys Uithin
ITS oWn ranks of cutting doUn on absentee
ism, reducing turnover, avoiding iurisdic.
tional ond Uildcat strikes
Labor and management must adopt collective
bargaining as the effective and mature wav of
doing business
The extent to which industry can grant wage
increases without price increases will vary from
company to company and from industry to industry
What can be paid today when we are on the
threshold Of our postwar production<wil be differ
ent from what can be paid next year and the year
after when markets have been established and
earnings have become apparent
Both management and labor must keep on
exploring these developments and determine from
time TO time to what extent costs have been re-
duced and profits have been increased and how far
these can properly be passed on in the form of
increased wages Nv - ~
Let me now turn to the question Of just how
wages to be increased.
Many people have asked the government TO
step in and decide who is to increase wages and by
exactly how much. have, indeed been criticized
because have not stepped in to lay down the law
to business and labor.
My refusal to do so has been deliberate.
Curiousy enough, the same people who urge
me to use government wartime machinery OF