davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28
Double Dealing
lin Foreign Loans
BY MERRYLE STANLEY RUKEYSER

TN THE Victory campaign, the posters
and the slogans indicated that funds
subscribed by patriotic citizens would be
used to bring American fighting men
home and TO finish the job"
Nothing was disclosed about postwar
financing of other nations.
If a private borrower, subject to regu-
lation by the SEC, followed similar loose
methods, he would be hauled on the carpet
for making material omissions" from the
disclosures in his bond prospectus.
Thus, the nation is corrupted by a
double standard of morals.
One is designed for the citizens by the
government, but the government evil
IDENTIFY holds itself above the restraints of
any similar code of ethics.
The record resulting from such du-
plicity has been far from inspiring.
Some 10 billions Of dollars lent to war
time associates during and after World
War went to default.
Only little Finland sedulously honored
its obligations
There was obviously a lack of SINGER
ity in the technique of the operation
IF HENCEFORTH we deem it prudent,
L despite the highly abnormal state ot
our own federal fiscal situation to dish
out more billions of dollars to foreign
governments, it would seem to be in order
TO call spade spade.
If, in light of present abnormaltes,
foreign government loans are to be
foated, they should stand on their own
legs.
Investors should be asked whether
they themselves want to buy bonds on
which interest will be waived for the first
FIVE years and in any subsequent year
when the debtor finds it inconvenient to
pay.
Investors should be asked whether in
light of British financial and political cir
cumstances they would be willing to lend
money TO GREAT BRITAIN at a sub
stantally lower rate than TO THE L. S,
TREASURY.
The treasury pays up to % per cent
on its borrowings, but proposes to relerd
funds to Great Britain for net interest
rate of not TO exceed 1852 per cent.
Investors should be asked themselves
to stand the risk of loss in the event of
another default by foreign government
borrowers.
Whenever governmental action super
cedes private business and private finance,
the result is a major loss of liberty and Of
the right of self-expression by the
American people,
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28
TO THE EDITOR:

TO THE EDITOR:
As CHAIRMAN OF the Ad-
"a craft-War Chest Committee.
handling publicity and advertls-
ing for the recent Community
War Chest Campaign, permit
me to thank you for the COM
prehenSive covcrage The Detroit
Times gave the drive.
May l also thank you for the
services OF Miss Irmengard
Pohrt. Mr.. Raymond Gulles and
Mr. James McConkey who COW
cred most OF the War Chest
meetings?
Although circumstances pre-
vented the campaign from reach-
ing its goal. ! am sure that,
with the help Of your news
paper, more Detroiters were
made aware of the needs of
War Chest and Community
Fund agencies than have ever
before known of the existence
OF these organizations
THOMAS r. GFSSNER.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28

What is brandy?
2-Lake Chad, Lake Victoria,
Lake Nyasa and Lake Tan
ganyika are the four largest
lakes of a certain continent.
Can you name the Conti-
nent?
3-True or false: (a) When one
is guilty of lese-majeSty he
is guilty of treason (b) The
new coast TO coast nonstop
flight record is 5 hours II
minutes.
4-What was the divinely sup
piled food on which the Is
raelites subsisted in the will
derness?
5-A new professional football
league has recently been
formed 10 start play in 1916.
Can you name this new
leagu g?
6-MelaneSia is: (a) a sad or
detected frame of mind; tb)
a mythical country men
toned in ancient literature;
(c) a chain of volc c
islands east Of Australia.
What will be radar's first
commercial peacetime job.
mentioned recently in the
newspapers? W
S-Who is the juvenile star NJ
the movie version OF Junior
Miss" Z?
ANSWERS on Page l5)
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28

WHETHER or not it constitutes good
w business for the Y. S. Treasury to
ladle out largess in the form of foreign
leans to Great Britain, Russia and other
foreign governments, it seems to us
essential that the nature of the issue be
clarified.
In a self-governing republic such as
ours, it is essential that COMMON
HONESTY prevail.
The citizens should have the right TO
make a decision on vital matters on the
basis of trustworthy, factual information.
Prevailing procedure in respect to
intergovernmental loans, whatever the
motivation. smacks of TOTALITARlAN-
ISM, rather than self-government.
WHEN GOVERNMENT POLICY Is
SUBSTITUTED FOR THE DISCRETION
OF CITIZENS IN THE SELECTION OF
MERCHANDISE OR SECURITIES,
THEN FREEDOM Is ABRIDGED.
TN A FREE, competitive society, the
l. right of the citizen to express himself
should not be confined solely to voting at
the ballot box once year.
There are other important types of
freedom, such as freedom to choose COM
modities at the store and to select seeHri-
ties on open exchanges, which may be
exercised every day in the year.
American officials at Washington
could test the public attitude toward
long-term loan, or line of credit, to Great
Britain by permitting British obligations
to be offered for sale at the market place
on their own merit.
The investing public would then pass
upon the soundness of the credit, the
suitability of the length of the loan, the
adequacy of the proffered rate of interest,
and all the other details
But when the loan is made by the L. S.
Treasury, the citizens are frustrated and
are powerless to register their opinion.
For the treasury uses general funds
obtained from the citizens through tax
alton or through the sale of treasury
obligations to our own nationals.
Such funds are obtained on the imph-
cation that they are to be used to pay for
BENEFITS TO THE AMERICAN
PEOPLE.
The taxpayer is, of course, SUB
JECTED TO COMPULSION, and has
NO OPPORTUNITY to use any discre-
ton.
The bond buyer, however, is in vol
untary position.
He can lend or withhold funds IN
ACCORDANCE WITH HIS OWN JUDO
MENT.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28
FAIR ~
~ -f
ENOUGH
BY Westbrook
PeeIer

IN ITS issue of Dec. II. the
- Beverage Retailers Weekly.
the trade publication of the
liquor industry, carried a story
on page one under the head.
"Pross Planning Legion Post of
Union Workers.
The piece, itself, said that
Benjamin +. ProSS, executive
manager of the Wine, LIQUOR
and Distillery Workers Union
of the AFL, was authority for
an announcement that "the
union is negotiating 10 obtain a
charter for a post 10 be known
as the Wine and Liquor Post.
just as soon as George J. Oneto'
president Of the union, returns
from his duties in France"
ProSs is the boss OF the union
and Oneto IS a mere figure
head.
Upon inquiry, Maurice STEM
ber, the state adjutant of the
American Legion. said he was
unaware of any negotiations for
such a charter. And, upon be-
ing told that ProSs was
criminal with a bad police
record. including convictions
in both the federal and state
courts, Mr.. Stember said the
Legion certainly would ex-
anime very carefully any ap-
-pllcatlon- charter thHt
might he received from this
union and probably would turn
N IOuyo
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28

Give yourself 10 for each correct answer
through SiI, 40 each for the remaining two
questions. Any score IS or higher Is eK-
cellent
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-28
knowledge Test

Can you guess how many
years older than Lincoln
was Washington? Ca 81
years older; (b) 81 years
older; (c) II years older.
2-One of these measures ono
hundred: Ca two gross, 'nl
three and one-haH dozen
tcj five score.
3-Romeo and Juliet's love a.
fair occurred IN, Ca Corn
wall; (b) Verona; tc) XII
larney.
4-Beethoven composed the
"Kreutzer Sonata" for a
mulatto VohniSt; ca I'd
mund Dede; fhl Lew Daw-
son; Co George Bridge
water.
ST YOU meet NATIVES ~ Mani
toba, YOU know they come
from: ts) Philippines; lbl
Canada; (cl Russia.
6-Match these columns:
isi5s.ttr
{ hr-reiH SPY. iatar
Ftvrss pltf
tAnswers on Page l5)
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
YANKEES TR0UNCE|
WHITE S0X, 1873

NEW YORK. July 81. --R- Err
ME Bonham won his first game in
month and his second Of the
season against eight setbacks to-
day, gaining an easy 1913 triumph
over the Chicago White Sox as the
New York Yankees, paced by three
homer. gatherd 10 hits off two SoX
hurlers.
A crowd of 13,307 saw Nick
Etten pound out grand slam hon.
er in the second inning to climax
five run assault against starter
Early Caldwell. Bud Metheny and
Hershel Martin also hit round trip
pers in the ninth.
Bonham gave up seven hits, four
in the first inning on which theSox
scored only one run, another hit
in the third and two more in the
eighth, the last being Wally Mo-
ses' two-run homer.
Lefty Johnny Johnson, former
Yankee, relieved Caldwell in the
sixth and was touched for four
runs, two in the eighth resulting
from double by Metheny, sing
ly by Etten and a triple by Mar
tin.
Caldwell. who previously had not
started a game in daylight thls
year, dropped his fourth game
aeo;,c4 4hraa 1,ictnrieS
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
KITEMEN STAVE
OFF LATE RALLY
kavanaugh's Nine Tu,,.
On Heat In Seventh Fu
Five Runs

A seventh inning rally that NJ,
ted four runs gave the Wilninsto,
Pirates a 6 to 5 triumph over s y"
Camp Davis Blue Brigade Wv, ".
night at Legion Stadium. A l,r. s.
crowd attended the "Ret,rrs.
night at the field in spite Of IN.
wet grounds and seats. Wy
Roy Lambs single in the s.>..
broke up the weird ball game
game that was featured BY m,r1
free bases on balls issued by bot,
hurlers. The wet field kept H. ~.
boys busy furnishing dry balls n,
the hurlers.
The Pirates scored one IN u,
second inning when ROY Ian,s
doubled to right and scored on lin
Stateon's hit. The BUGS added ,n
other in the third when McKeith.r
walked and scored on Snag Allen,
drive. The Camp Davis club w.s
held scoreless until the seventh
when Cheshire seemed to lose con.
troll and walked five men in a row
before being relieved by JOHNNY
Wllbourne, who walked the sixth
man. Bame DaMario sim ia
score two runs and before the side
had been retired five rurl b;f
crossed pay dirt.
In the last of the seventh the p.
rates, trailing by three runs, push.
ed across four markers to take III,
lead. Willard was passed and Jim
Stateon doubled, his third STRAIGHT
hit, to score Willard, WilbourD.
Grew free pass, McKeithan sac.
rificed him to second, Paxton wa,
walked, Allen was walked to fort,
in Stateon, Davis struck out, Lamb
singled to score Wilbourne and Pax.
ton. Allen was thrown out second
to home on an attempted double
steal.
Cheshire gave up four hits and
seven bases on balls in the SIX in.
nlngs he worked. Wilbourns allow.
ed two hits and three passes. Bar.
nish was touched for five binges
and passed three BUGS. Early gaw
up one hit and walked three.
The teams will meet again thj,
afternoon at Camp Davis at ,:3o
o'clock.
Wednesday night the Pirates will
meet the Midway Park nine at
Legion Stadium.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
BEAT
RED HOSE, Al

BOSTON, July 21.-R-The ST.
Louis Browns sewed up the game
in the first inning today with three
runs on one hit as they beat the
BOSTON Red Sox 4 to l and chalked
up their fifth straight victory
Pitcher Jim Wilson went all the
wav for the Red Sox, allowing on
" seven hits, but the damage was
done before the smoke cleared IN
the first.
Don Gutteridge walked to start
things rolling for the Browns IN
the opening inning and reached
second safely when Eddie Lake
fumbled Mike Kreevich's grounder:
George McQuinn sacrificed and
Vern Stephens was given an IN
territorial walk.
Milt Byrnes flied to right and
when Johnny Lazor threw the pail
home it bounced over Catcher Bob
Garbark's head and Gutteridge
and Kreevich brought in two runs.
Stephens scored the third run on
Mark Christman's double.
The fourth St. Louis run came
in the third on singles by McQuinn
and Stephens, a sacrifice by
Byrnes and Christman's fly to
LaZor.
The only Boston run came in
the first. After Lake walked with
two out, Bob johnson doubled off
the wall, bringing the shortstop
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
WASHINGTON BOY
SETS SWIM MARK

TARBORO, July I'll P Stan
ley Tinkham of the Ambassador
Club, Washington, D. c., set a
new pool and district AAU record
of SO seconds in the Boys So
meter backstroke event here to-
day in the Cardinals Association
annual National AAU Junior and
Open Swimming meet.
Tinkham smashed the old pool
record of 36.2 set by Cunny of
Ambassador in 1912, and the dis
trict record of 1875 set by Ed
Hart of Tarboro in 1913.
The Ambassador Club scored a
new district record in the boys
$50 meter medley relay with a
time of 1:47.4. to smash their 1913
record Of 1894.
Ben Ward of Carolina set a new
district record of 2:23.7 in the
mems 200 meter free style, topping
the old record of 2:26.7 set by
Billy Kelly of Carolina in 1914.
In other afternoon events of the
big two-day meet, Peggy Pate of
Goldsboro won the women's 200
meter breaststroke in 1928, and
the Goldsboro team took the girls
$50 meter medley relay in 2:07.5.
In the women's 200 meter free
style, Leola Thoma of the Am
bassador Club broke record of
2:48.9 set by Prince Nufer in 1912,
and set a new record of 2:44.3.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
CARRASQUEL'S HIT
BEATS CLEVELAND

WASHINGTON. July 2l.-P)-
Alex Carrasquel came to the res
cue of the Washington Senators
today both on the mound and at
bat in IA victory over the Cleve-
land Indians.
The big angular Venequelean re-
lieved Johnny Niggeling after
Cleveland scored four runs IN the
second inning and hurled 7 l-S IN
nings of shutout ball to keep the
Senators on the heels of the lead
ing Detroit Tigers.
With the score tied at - IN
We shington half of the fifth ana
the bases loaded, Carrasquel.lasn-
ed a .two-run single to center, rout-
irg Lefty Al Smith. Cleveland,s
starting hurler.
Carrasquel allowed the Indians
onlv five hits, all singles, and only
o,te man reached. third base.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Giants Regain Fourth
SPOT In National Race

CINCINNATI, July 21.-iR-The
New York Giants moved back into
fourth place today as Van Mungo
registered his 10th victory of the
season to give the Giants 6-3 win
over the Cincinnati Reds.
Mungo spaced nine Redleg hits,
all Cincinnati S runs coming in the
fSurth frame when the Ohioans
tagged the veteran Highlander
for four hits to overcome 80
deficit.
The Giants jumped on Vern Ken
needy for three tallies in the ope-
ming inning, two coming in on
Buddy Kerr's single. They went
ahead again in the fifth w b e n
George Hausmann walked, stole
second and counted on Danny
Gardella's single.
The final runs came in he
n i n t h. Mungo walked. Car u
Lockman doubled and both scored
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Dom Paul. Derringer
Do1uns Phillies, 5 To 3

CHICAGO, July 21.-R-Veter-
an Paul Derringer, hospitalized
with influenza earlier this week,
went back to the mound today and
turned in one of his best perform
ances of the season as he pitched
the Chicago Cubs to So victory
over Philadelphia.
Big loom Paul. stopped n e
last-place Pills with two hits for
seven innings, and, until Vance
Dinges doubled in the sixth, only
two balls had been hit out of the
infield.
In the eighth he eased up and
three hits, combined with an err
ror, gave Philadelphia all its runs.
In: all, Derringer gave up but
six hits as he won his tenth victory
of the year before a crowd held
to $500 by a morning rain-storm
and threatening weather. The vic
tory temporarily boosted the Cubs
National League lead to four
games. Second place st. Louis
plays a night game.
The Cubs built up four-r Il n
lead, with two >of the runs coming
on Lennie Merullo's seventh-inning
home run into the left field bleach
ers with Mickey Livingston, who
had singled, aboard. 1t was Merul-
los first round-tripper of the year.
Philadelphia three runs came
on John Antonelli's single, and a
two-base error by Phil Cavarret-
ia on Glen Crawford's smash down
the first base line. Dinges singled
to score Antonelli and Coaker
Triplett doubled to clear the sacks.
Phil Cavarretta, who up to today
had gone hitless in 10 straight
trips to the plate, paced the Cubs
ten-hit attack on Dick Mauney,
who went the route, losing his
fourth game of the year. CAVIAR
retta had a double and two singles
in four times at bat, and drove
in two runs.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Magerkurth Apologies
In Fan-Umn;re Quarrel

CINCINNATI, July 21.-R)-Um'
pire George Magerkurth handed a
Dayton O., cafe owner 500 and a
written apology today and assault
charges against the National
League arbiter were dropped.
Magerkurth was hailed into po-
lice court on a warrant signed by
Thomas J. Longo who said the
husky umpire hit him in the eye
at the end of Thursday night S
doubleheader between the Cincin-
natl Reds and Boston Braves.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Returnee Buddy Lewis
Back With Washington

WASHINGTON, July 81. - Up -
Buddy Lewis, a star of pre- war
days, returned to the Washington
Senators today.
Discharged from the Army Air
Transport Command yesterday at
Fort Bragg, N. c., Lewis reported
to Owner Clark Griffith this morn
ing. Within an hour, he donned his
old No. 2 uniform.
Lewis, stout 300 hitter, will be
% years old in August, now weighs
1875 pounds compared to ITO before
he entered service, and probably
will require week of batting prac-
tice and general conditioning be-
fore he breaks into the Senator's
lineup.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
LEATHERNECKS PLAN
ELEVEN ENCOUNTERS
ON GRID SCHEDULE

CHERRY POINT, July 21.-(R)-
Eleven games, six away from
home, are on the Cherry Point
Marines football schedule announc-
ed today by Capt. K. G. Lancaster.
special services officer.
Coached by Capt. Bernard C..
Nygren, former San Jose State.
Calf, college halfback under Pop
Warner, the Leathernecks will
play 10 Sunday games against serv-
ice opposition starting with Sep
TENDER 30 game with N. c. Pre-
Flight at Chapel Hill.
Their only collegiate opponent
will be the University of North
Carolina, also at Chapel Hill, Sat-
urday, October 20.
Practice will begin August IA
with only three members of last
years squad on hand. Returning
overseas veterans will form the
nucleus of the team.
Capt. Sgren will be assisted by
LIST 1t. Andrews J. Anderson, for
mer University of Nevada tackle,
who will handle the line.
The schedule:
September 80, at N. c. Pre-
Flight.
October 7, at Camp Lejeune; IA,
Third Army Air Force; 20, at Uni
versity of North Carolina; %, Fort
Benning.
November 4, at Camp Peary; IL,
at Fort Benning; 10, Camp Peary;
Is, First Army Air Force.
December 2, at Keesler Field; 8,
Camp Lejeune.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Tigers, AS Lock Horns
In 24 Inning Tie Game

PHILADELPHIA, July 2I.-tR-
The Philadelphia Athletics and the
Detroit Tigers tied n 39-year-cld
American league endurance record
as they battled almost five hours
through "a innings without any de-
cision reached.
Umpire Bill Sommers called the
game at the end of the oath inning
with the score tied IL.
The Athletics and the Boston Red
Sox in 1906 played "a innings TO
set an American League record
which has never been equalled or
broken until today.
It was the longest major league
gsme of this season and came with
in two innings of tying the all,
time major mark of 26 innings
set in 1920 by Brooklyn and Bos'
ton of the Senior Loop.
Detroit's Les Mueller, a right
harder with fast ball who was
recently discharged from the army,
outlasted three other pitchers USED
in the game. He pitched 10 ano
two thirds innings and was rehev
ed by Paul Dizzy Trout after NJ
had walked two men.
Russ Christopher, seeking hi
18th victory, hurled 10 innings to-
the AS and was followed by Jlt
terry Joe Berry.
Umpire Sommers called the
game on account of darkness.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Masonboro, Whiteville Legion Nine
MeetInBoy's Brigade Camp Benefit

The Masonboro Ramblers and the
Whiteville All-Stars will clash today
on the American Legion, field at
3 5000 o'clock in the Boys Brigade
Camp benefit game.
Todays contest proceeds will
90 to the Summer camp of the club
which is named in honor of the
late mayor Bruce B. Cameron. All
funds will be used for further con-
struction of the camp.
The two teams have played once
before and are considered evenly
matched. The Masonboro club is
one of the strongest amatuer out
fits in this part of the state, and is
expected to show the fans some
real ball handling. -.
Manager Frank Manor of the
Ramblers announced that he Will
send Howard Pepper to the mound.
Gigs Powers has not said who
he will call on for the hill duties
but it will more than likely be be-
tween Lefty Gibson or 'Chesty'
Chestnut.
Among the Whiteville stars is
Fred Cashwell, first baseman.
Fred will 60 to New York soon
and play with Babe Ruth's team
at the Polo grounds in the All-Star
East and West game, August %.
Caswell won this trip when ne
was voted the most outstanding
player in the game between the
North and South Carolina Legion
stars.
Another luminary in the White
vile lineup will be Royce Ray.
Ray is leading the Whiteville team
with a .473 batting average. He is
an outfielder and has played err
rorless ball while batting in 10
runs. He also has had hitting
streak during which he reached
first base sixteen consecutive
times. Ray formerly played with
Martinsville in the Carolina
League.
Bill Harrellson, at one time
property of Brooklyn, and captain
of the team, will be on the receiv-
ing end for Whiteville, and will
take at .347 batting average with
him to the plate.
Lead-off man for the All-Stars
will be Charlie Enzor, infielder,
and former Tidewater Lacquer. En-
zor will present a .276 average to
to the Masonboro hurler.
Bobby Hickman, outfielder and
former Legion player, who is
awaiting a call to the Navy is at
the present time smuggling at 1866
clip.
Manor announced that the -est
Of the Ramblers lineup will prob
ably consist of; Covington, center
field; Carter. left field; Joyner,
right field; Farrar, first base;
Bass, second base; Groom, short
stop; Todd, third base; George,
catcher. If Pepper fails to hold
the visitors Billy Harrison, w. A.
Brown and Doc Wilson will be on
hand to take over.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
Bob Teller Can Still
Pitch Those No-Hitters

GREAT LAKES, ILL.,, July I'll
Wp)-Coach Bob Teller of the Great
Lakes baseball team became
first Great Lakes Pitcher to hurl
a no-hit game today as his sailors
pounded out 1870 victory over the
Ford All-Stars of Dearborn. Mich.
( The 10000 sailors watching the
game stood up in tribute as Eel
Ter put out the last man Of the
10 he--struck out.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22

NEW YORK, July 21.-REElmer
Caffrey. a returned war veteran
who is playing for the Albany Sc
majors in the Eastern league, broke
into the lineup the other night just
In time to get into that 1918 game
Scranton won from Albany. .
Caffrey went to the plate three
times against three different pit
chers in one inning, when the Sc
majors scored IA runs, and drew
a walk and two hits. BY that
time ne probably wished he was
back in the front lines. from
Calcutta "Majah'' Bob Neyland'
former Tennessee grid coach, COM
ments that he probably is the only
football coach who hasn't had an
offer to work IN one OF the new
pro leagues. just give them
time. Lloyd BAIL turned fup
for grid practice at Central Michl-
gan college the other day and
Coch Ron Finch is sorry to say
he is no relation to the U. OF De
troit athletic director.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
oI1OTA EXCEEDED

GUMFORD COLLEGE, July l.
Up Guilford College has sue
cessfully completed the first pnase
of its five-year campus develop
ment program of $761 ,ooo Dy o.el
subscribing the minimum on1e =
tive Of $3.50, 900 for the year ls44-4o'
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22

Errors-Michae1s. Runs ba+ted in-Cuc-
cinello. Martin q. Crosett, Etten s. Me-
theny 2. Moses 2. Two base hits-Stirn-
weiss. Ronham. C~osatti. Methanv. Three
base hit-Martin. Home runs-Etten. Me-
thenv NJ rtin. Moses. Stolen bases-t.t-
ten. Sacrifice-Crcsetti Double p1av--Et-
Ten 'funaesisted, Left on bases--Ch'cae'r,
2. New York 6. Bases on balls-Cs' dN,e'
2. johnson 2. Strikeouts-Johnson 2. Hits
Off Caldwell in inniros: Johnson
S in 3. Passed ball-Drescher. Los'h
pitcher-Caldwel Tmpires Plosrss
Grieve and MCGOWAN. Time-1:45. Az
tendance-14 048.