davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-16
Pixies Romp More Somberly
In Successor to Harvey
By JAY CARMODY.

In last years Harvey Mary Chase that white rabbit
ihe tolerant GUARDIAN ange VINO eo ms ward TO happiness IN such
whimsical tale and cast uproarious spell
a
enchanting warn which turned p at the National Theae
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
Tapping Maple Trees. A Spring
Miracle; Indian Discovery;
INDECENT To Garrett

TIE develop a demand in Balt:rnora
and Washington. the Garrett County
Maple Products Association was
formed in 1929, with the cooperation
eff the Extension Service of the Uni
vtrsity Of Maryland and the State
Department of Forestry. About twen~
ty-fve percent Of the producers are
members.
An important step so far achieved
by the Association has been the label
ing of the syrup to correspond with
standard grades established by the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. For though syrup varies in color
and favor, depending on whether it
was made from a first or later run of
sap, as well as on the way it was
made, it used to be sold without any
recognition of these differences. Now
the almost colorless syrup, which is
considered the best, is labeled fancy,
and the still darker syrup prime,
and the still darker, standard. Thus
the purchaser knows what kind of
syrup he is buying before opening the
can.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
NJ LAX Err MUST
HAVE "TACT"

Not a little skill and care are re-
quired to make good quality, for the
dissolved solid matter and liquid must
be combined in such proportions that
a gallon of syrup weighs just eleven
pounds. If there is too much water,
and the syrup weighs less than this, it
has a tendency to ferment. Ii it
weighs Ill OF 11.2 pounds, part Of
the syrup crystalizes out upon stand
;ng, thus detracting from the syrup
when sold in glass jars, even though
this fractional addition in weight does
not affect its quality.
In a shed or room adjoining the
evapoIating shack part of the syrup
is boiled in a kettle to make maple
sugar. The latter crystalizes when the
syrup cools, and experience has
taught operators how. long to boil the
syrup in order to obtain a hard or
soft sugar. sOne delicacy is maple
wax" made by pouring hot syrup into
cold water. The sudden cooling pre-
vents the sugar from crystaIizlng and
a talfy-like mass is formed that is de-
ightful to the taste, but is only made
for home consumption.
There are only three sections Of the
county in which this work is carried
on-Grantsville, Bittinger and Ryans
Glade, with q few scattered farms
near Hoyes and Friendsville.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
GALLON PRODUCES FROM
6 TO 9 POUNDS SUGAR

A gallon Of maple syrup can be
boiled down to six or nine pounds Of
sugar, depending on the kind desired.
TO make sugar, the syrup must be
stirred continuously from the time it
reaches a certain consistency until it
crumbles into the stage Of granula-
ton you buy in the markets.
When the maple syrup has been
boiled to a point halfway between
syrup and sugar, and is in the form of
a taffy it is called "spotza." This name
has its orogin with the Pennsylvania
Dutch, many of whom are residents of
Garrett county.
Soon Garrett county producers,
large and small, will begin prepare
tons to harvest the maple syrup crop.
The heighth of the season is generally
reached in February. The unusual con-
ditions Of the weather may cause a
shift to March this year
The Indians are credited with the
discovery of maple sugar. Great
groves abounded in Garrett county
Maryland, and Somerset county, Penn
sylvania Both sections produce maple
sugar but not as extensively as at one
time.
In Thackeray's "Virginians" refer
ence is made to maple sugar. A pris-
oner who escaped from Fort Duquesne
and found his way to Fort Cumber-
land, in telling of his meanderings
said:
LAS we advanced the woods became
redder and redder The frost nipped
sharply at nights. We lighted fires at
cur feet and slept in blankets as best
we might. At this time Of the year the
hunters who live in the mountains
get their sugar from the naples
When you hear of the sap beginning
to run you know it is late winter. A
newspaper photographer is in his ele,
ment when the grove is snow-covered
In late years number Of maple
groves were sold for timber Duck.
pins is a special product.
There seems to be romance in con-
nection with maple sugar making, {
very exclusive business. Nature sur.
loundjngs come in so beautifully anC
the picture is hard to duplicate. Every
spring Cumberland groups visit the
groves.
The actual making of maple syrup
. IN Garrett county is known to have
been going on for more than a hun
bred years. It is the only county il
Maryland having such an industry
/ The adjacent county Of Somerset, il
/ Pennsylvania, produces one-third oil
/ the maple products in Pennsylvania
and Pennsylvania ranks fourth in pro.
duction throughout the United States
Old traditions there have it that thl
industry originated on the land where
is now located the John Peck farm il
Maple Glen, Approximately twelve
miles from Meyersdale, but there is NJ
actual proof Of this.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
NEAR TRAGEDY RESULTED
IN SUGARS DISCOVERY

It is said that an Indian sQuaw was
cooking venison in the sap taken from
2 maple tree. Her little pappose had
strolled away from the wigwam unno-
ticed and the Indian squaw had set
cut to find her child. Her search thru
The everglades in the Negro Mountain
section kept her away from camp
longer than she ned anticipated. When
she returned to complete the prepare
tons Of the feast for her warrior,
she was amazed to find that the ma
pie sap, in which she he'd been. cook
ing the venison, was transformed into
9 thick, sticky mass. On tasting the
meat taken from this old pottery yes
sci it was noticed that it had very
delicious sweet flavor.
The Indians were 50 well pleased
with the flavor Of the meat, obtained
by overlooking in the sap from the
maple tree that they conducted fur
Jher experiments, which resulted in
the development Of maple sugar.
Many have wondered why the Cana
dian emblem is a maple leaf and not
a spruce pine cone, but when one con-
sidors that this years crop will prob
ably yield over $2,500,000 to Canadian
farmers, there seems to be justice in
the selection.
The maple sap industry is one Of
the oldest in the French Canadian
provinces and possibly was known to
the Indian tribes. There are said to be
more than sixty million trees used for
'sugarlng" purposes in Canada. 1t is
/ curious that 40 percent of the altar of
roses from the famed Rose Valley of
Bulgaria goes to the United States as
i'avoring for chewing tobacco and the
same proportion of French-Canadian
maple sugar is shipped to this coun-
try for the manufacture of cigarets.
The average maple tree yields only
about two pounds of sugar or a quart
of table molasses a season. Indeed,
though there is no law to that effect,
farmers, as a rule, do not attach more
than one bucket to a sugar maple un-
less the tree is Of more than average
SIZE, for it is recognized that to tap
an average sugar maple two or more
times is subjecting it to a strain that
may prove fatal. Exceptions prove the
rule, however, and at Kitzmiller, Gar
rett county, there is huge old maple
which yields five gallons of syrup in a
season. To it's trunk nineteen buckets
have been attached at one time.
No doubt Indians at one time util-
lied the sap Of this very tree along
with great many other veteran SUI
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
SHIPPED IN STEEL DRUMS
TO VERMONT REFINERIES

A very large percentage OF the ma
pie syrup produced IN Jarrett county
IS shipped IN large steel drums 10 re-
tlnerles IN Vermont. 1hefe II UNDER
goes process and is oLehoea WIN
other syrup made from cane ana oeeO
sugar and IS put on the market a9 /"
Vermont product Wlthlh the past lew
years producers IN Garrett county
have formed an ASSOCIATION 10 market
the product as their own.
To relate IN detaIl the process OF
manufacturing maple syrup and ma
pie sugar would make a lengthy story
but briefly it Is as follows:
With the FIRST thaW' the eager sugar
operator IS out with his sled laden
with maple buckets or keeIers, and a
basket Of splIes. He also carries with
him a bit and stock, which is some
times referred to as an auger.
His first move is to drill half-lnch
hole on the south side OF each maple
tree with diameter Of tWtlVe inches
or more. From tree to tree he goes,
boring twice or thrice at tWo-toot,
rs year-old trunks. Later IN the sea-
son he may hang buckets on the north
side of the naples where the sap IS
supposed to be sweeter.
Clear, warm days sends the sap
5ubb.ing up the trunks and trucking
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

matter (95 percent of which is ordi-
nary sugar. the rest is water. To
make maple syrup, this sap must be
boiled until it consists of siXty-fve
percent solid matter and thirty-tiye
percent water.
In earlier days, when sap was boiled
in a kettle over an open fire, fresh
supply was added to the kettle as fast
IS the first batch of sap evaporated
and formed syrup which settled to the
bottom. Thus the same syrup was
boiled many times, and very often
part OF the sugar was decomposed as
9 consequence, thus discoloring the
syrup.
Today, continuous evaporators are
used, in which the sap is forced by
hydraulic pressure through a series Of
adjoining compartments or pens, that
are heated by the tirebox on which
they rest. In each compartment, GER
tain amount of water evaporates from
the boiling sap until a finished syrup
is drawn off from the last compart-
ment.
Many Garrett county producers are
still dependent on ordinary pans in
which the syrup settles to the bottom
as it is formed Thus it is necessary
to dampen the fire at intervals and
draw off the syrup before re8uming
The boiling process.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
Notice to [ axpayers
Office of
The Treasurer of Garrett County,
Maryland
Oakland, Md, Jan. 20, 1915.

Oakland, Md, Jan. 20, l945.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE To the
Taxpayers Of Garrett County Mary
land, that the annual levy for the year
1915 has been made and published and
to call their attention to the following
abstract of Chapter 1885, Section 1902,
Acts of 1887 Of the Laws of Mary
land relating to the discounts to be
allowed and the interest charged on
all taxes, and also to Chapter 49, Sec
ton 1902, Acts Of 1871, which provides:
"All County taxes for the year 1916
shall be due and payable on the LIST
day of February, 1915, and shall be
overdue and in arrears on the first day
Of the succeeding November; on all
county taxes paid during the months
Of January and February, a discount
of per cent shall be allowed; on all
County taxes paid during the months
Of March and April, a discount of 4
per cent shall be allowed; on all Coun-
ty taxes paid during the months of
May and June, discount of 3 per cent
shall be allowed; no discount allowed
after June 30. Interest charged at Y
per cent per month after October 81,
1945."
All State taxes are due on the LIST
day of July, 1915. No discount allowed
on State taxes. Interest will be
charged at the rate of p per cent per
month, or fractional part thereof, be-
ginning October 1st, 1915.
J. EDWARD HELBIG,
County Treasurer.
Advertisement 49-4t
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

organized Three
the by Mes Robert and John W.
Skpnh Land
Flowing Kindness and aggregang 1916
consolidated
the Swallow Falls State Forest
Of
of it by purchase from the Manor
Mining Manufacturing the other the River
owned and
Fedeay under and leased
mostly of the Bond and Dmeng
McIIenry
the Department of State Forests
and Parks, o Inland Game and Fish.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
PIONEERS DISCOVERED THIS
GIFT FROM NATURE

To the early settlers the sugar ma
pies sap not only merely a pleasing
gift from nature, but substitute for
commodity Of which they were in
sore need. Cane sugar was a luxury
beyond the average purse in pioneer
days, and thus maple syrup and maple
sugar provided the sweet elements
that otherwise would have been want
ing on many a table.
In fashion similar to the method
Of the Indian, these early Americans
gashed the naples trunk with an axe
and caught the running sap in troughs
made Of hollowed-out logs, which were
left, bottoms up, in the woods when
the maple sugar season was over
They boiled the sap into syrup in huge
kettles swung by chains above wood
fires.
Making maple syrup and sugar can
never be a complicated process for the
formula by which these delicacies are
shaped is, after ALL Of natures own
conception. 1t is nature herself who
mixes and blends the ingredients used,
with the tree serving as the recepta-
Gle, as it were. Man merely has to
boil the excess water content Of the
sap to make syrup, and boil the syrup
in turn, to crystalline the sugar.
Skill and experience are required to
perform these tasks successfully, it IS
true, but no spectacular and intricate
machinery is needed. Moreover, the
time when the sugar naples sap Is
suitable for making syrup does not
often exceed a month; when the first
green buds appear on the maple, its
sap ceases to be selViceable.
Thus the house in which the sap is
boiled is not an elaborate affair, but a
roughly constructed shacks with a
brick fireboX built out toward the cen
ter of the room from the chimney, to
accommodate the evaporating pan.
Soft coal or wood, for the fire is piled
at one side. A portion of the roof is
raised and there are cracks in the
walls to permit the escape of steam.
The floor is generally the earth.
Why the sugar naples sap should
run from the trunk when the latter
is tapped in late winter or in early
spring is a phenomenon that still mys-
titles scientists. A generally accepted
theory is that the rising temperature
on day following a cold night causes
bubbles of air in the wood cells to ex-
pand and drive the sap toward the
auger bolt.
Beforet here was any wide knowl-
edge Of the mysterious power of a
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

gar naples in Garrett county. For
this species Of tree grows slowly; not
until it is thirty years old is it big
enough to be tapped. In Garrett coun-
ty there are many naples that are
300 years old.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
Early Land Surveys And Patents In
Garrett County, Maryland
BY CAPTAIN CHARLES f, HOVE. in The Glades Star
CONCLUDED From Our Last Issue)

From our school histories learned that tie King England claimed
most OF North America of the
Many later Charles the
rst Lord Baltimore Calvert died before signed and
his
Thus Cecil Calvert all the within
the Province of Maryland which spring
fountain the River Potomac feay and loyalty
his king annual rental tribute o Indian
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

syrup that meets government specif-
cations. A gallon Of maple syrup must
weigh eleven pounds and contain only
IS percent moisture.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

. The nation must have a postwar
annual income Of 140 billion or face
mass unemployment, according to
BeardsIey Ruml, authorVf pay-as-you
go Federal income tax plan.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

lectcd and copErishted by International
Council Of Religious Education; used by
Permission.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

LESSON TEXT-Matthew 13:44-46; 14:13,
81
GOLDEN TEXT-Every good gift and
every perfect gift is from above. and com.
eth down from the Father Of lights. with
whom is no variableness. neither shadow
of turning.-James III.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

Production OF farm Ilacnmery is
running far behind schedule.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15


DANIEL. CREsAP
William Ashby Friend Moses POI
John Arnold of Polling
John Arnold of j. Josiah Frost (SX Polngs)
Anthony Arnold George Fazenbaker Charles Queer
Moses Joseph
Moses Ayres, Evan Guym John Ruan
Charles Boyles I1oye Danie
Philip Bray Richard Hall John Ryan
Norman Bruce Andrew House John Simpkms
John Stuck
William Coddington Henry Kite Peter Stuck
Daniel Cresap ST. John Kelly Jacob Storm
Daniel Cresap Jr Logsden William
Benjamin Coddingon John Lynn John steyer
Aaron Duckworth Jacob Cover Moses Spcer
Joseph Davis William Moore Jesse Iomlnson
Ebenezer Davis Magruder Ezekiel Totten
MosesM cKinsey MosesT lsonel
1--WE McKinseys) Thomas Umbertson
John Eckhart Mathews, David VanSckle
George Henry ngy Workman
Charles Friend Johanns Paugh Joseph Warwick
John Friend Michael Paugh Workmans
of be-
ginning ten-year period Cumberland
became Incorporated Agany
gained from the western part of Washington
LATER SURVEYS of Military
AND PATENTS cies" and large the
Undetermined unsueyed still the the State but
Turing years this disposed settlers
and Spectators Three Of these large
THE GIEANINGS acres surveyed oye
him 1894 included the old Grab Bottom
lots land in the Youghoghny River valley
surveyed swan,
and me Military Lots all lying Of Backbone Mountain
of 1927 including
Dale north Deep Greek extending into the Savage River valley
the policy valuable
theory private
oped Much the land
county, the hands of non-edns land
spectators.
companies growing
destroyed acque
o
The first State Forests Forest Reserves they called
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15

Under and by virtue Of a power Of
sale contained in a mortgage from
Wade H. Mason and Minnie B. Mason,
his wife, dated the fifteenth day of
October in the year 1887, and re-
corded in Liber A. G, R., No. 115,
folio 16, etc, one Of the Mortgage
Records Of Garrett County, Maryland,
default having been made in the con-
ditions of said mortgage. the under
signed mortgage hereby gives notice
that he will offer at public auction to
the HIGHEST bidder, on
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
Friday, February the 10th, 1915,
at the Hour of Eleven O'clock A. NJ,

IN front of the Court House in the
town of Oakland, Maryland, all Of
that lot, piece or parcel of ground sit
uate, lying and being in the town of
Oakland, Garrett County, Maryland,
and known and designated as Lot No.
IA on the Plat of Dailey's Subdivision
of Lots Nos 81, So, II, Y and of
Pennington's Addition to the town of
Oakland, and which said Lot No. IA
is described by courses and distances
as follows:
Beginning at the end of the first
line Of Lot No, - ard running THENCE
with Third Street N. % degrees E.,
G812 feet, then S. CT degrees f., 1882
It. S. % degrees W, G812 feet to the
end Of the second line Of Lot No. -,
and reversing it N. 81 degrees W.,
1882 feet to the beginning, contain
ing 10,857I square feet, the said
property having descended to the said
Wade H. Mason as the only heir-at-
law Of Sarah A. Mason and AleXan-
der c. Mason, both deceased.
This property is improved by a
splendid dwelling, containing six
rooms and bath, well located on the
East side Of Third Street House has
electric. water and gas and a good
cellar. The same is a very desirable
home.
TERMS OF sALE-Cash on day
Of sale.
Purchaser making satisfactory down
payment can secure liberal terms for
deferred payments.
WILLIAM r. OFFUTT,
Mortgage.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
LEE CARL'S SCRAPBOOK

BY FRANK LEE CARL
A Series OF Articles Prepared by n Staff
Writer On the Cumberland Sunday Times
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-02-15
IMPROVED
UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
S 9z8oZ ! esson

BY HAROLD I. LUNDQUIsT. D. D.
OF The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29
Richardson Given
|24-to-73-Year Term
In Death Of Wife

Theodore L. Richardson, A, sus-
pended Metropolitan policeman. to-
day was sentenced to from ~ to
I7a years imprisonment for man.
slaughter in the Staying of his wife,
Grace, last December q.
Justice T. Alan Goldsborough in
District Court fixed the penalty after
refusing to grant defense motion
for a new trial. Richardson, who has
been at liberty, was remanded to
District Jail. pending an appeal,
after Justice Goldsborough refused
to continue bail.
Defense Attorney Charles E. Ford
sought new trial on the ground
that Justice Goldsborough, in his
charge to the jury last Wednesday,
virtually asked for a directed ver-
dict of guilty. In his argument Mr..
Ford also cited the cross-examina-
ton by Assistant United States At
torney Grace B. Stiles Of Richard
son as to his knowledge of the law
concerning the difference between
first and second degre murder.
Difficulty With Sentence.
Have you any doubt the offense
was at least manslaughter?" Justice
Goldsborough asked Mrs. Stiles.
mo sir. not the slightest" Mrs.
Stiles replied.
Il haven't any either" said the
court. TT could have been first
degree murder. 1t might very readily
have been second-degree murder. ;"
Justice Goldsborough explained
that he had had "a lot of difficulty
about the sentence.
The reason is the court doesn't
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29

children. For that reason, the court
said. 1t would not impose the max
imum sentence OF from 5 to is years
Richardson, convicted by a jury
Wednesday, testified he was at
tracted by noise on the back
porch at 1922 Twenty-third street
Sc. and fired at what he thought
was man outside the door. In
stead he struck his wife, who had
left the house to make a telephone
call at the home of a neighbor.
Mr.. Ford said he would base his
appeal on the ground that the court
told the jury the circumstances ad-
mitted by Richardson amounted at
least to manslaughter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29

believe the true facts are known"
the jurist pointed out. 1T the facts
were what he (Richardson) said
they were-if he simply went down.
stairs, he policeman, a man who
had been on the force for some l3
years-and he simply went down.
stairs and deliberately shot man
through the glass door, simply be-
cause he was on the back porch in
crouching position approaching
the door. it would seem to me to be
murder in the second degree and
you would have to give him the
limit for manslaughter. because he
is indicted and tried for manslaugh-
ter, and he cannot get any more
than that penalty.
Projecting Wife's Memory.
Now the court would not have
any right to speculate for the pur-
pose OF increasing his penalty, but I
think the court has right too
reduce the sentence"
Justice Goldsborough said Rich
ardson was lin all human possible
ity'' trying to protect the memory
OF his wife in the future life of his
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29
Bakery Head Fined $500
For Hour Law Violations

Henry Holzbeierlein, president of
Holzbeierlein g. Sons, Inc, bakers,
was fined 5000 by Municipal Court
Judge George D. Nelson yesterday
after he pleaded guilty to Is counts
OF violating the Districts female
eight-hour day law.
According to the Minimum Wage
and Industrial Safety Board, fe-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29

male employees at the company Of
fees, a1847 Seventh street NV, and
plant, 1923 Wiltberger street NV,
worked as long as IL hours day,
go hours week and 40 consecutive
days.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29
Two Arlington Men Return

Two Arlington County men were
among 5000 who arrived at Camp
Patrick Henry yesterday after dis
embarking at Newport News. Va,
from Europe, the Associated Press
reported. They are Sergt. Francis
r. Marcy, 1915 North Fairfax drive,
and It's Donald C. Martin, 1909
North Tuckahoe street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-06-29
Pour Out Your Might in
the MIGHTY SEVENTH
Wrdr0beS

Buy War Bonds at the Victory Booth, 1irst Floor;
and Al Service Desks feScept Eirst Floor.
The Wrangell sentinel., 1945-01-05
GILLNETTERs MEETING

The SuHne gillnetters will hold a meeting next Wednesday. Janu- ary 10, at 7:30 pm.