Evening star., 1945-08-10

ment in Berlin was the estab-
lishment of the Council of For
eign Ministers.
The council is going TO be the
continuous meeting ground Of
the five principal governments,
on which to reach common un-
derstanding regarding the peace
settlements. This does not mean
that the Ave governments are
going to try to dictate to, or
dominate other nations. 1t will
be their duty to apply, so far as
possible, the fundamental prin-
ciples of justice underlying the
Charter adopted at San Fran
cisco.
Just as the meeting at Dum-
barton Oaks drew up the pro-
posals to be placed before the
conference at San Francisco, so
this Council of Foreign Minis
ters will lay the groundwork for
future peace settlements. This
preparation by the Council will
make possible speedier, more
orderly, more efficient and more
cooperative peace settlements
than could otherwise be OBJ
tanned.
One Of the first tasks of the
Council of Ministers is to draft
proposed treaties of peace with
former enemy countries-Italy.
Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and
Finland.
Study Now May Avoid
Seeds of Future Wars.
These treaties, of course, will
have to be passed upon by all
the nations concerned. In our
own country the Senate will
have to ratify them. But we
shall begin at once the neces-
Sary preparatory work. Adequate
study now may avoid the plant
ing of the seeds of future wars.
I am sure that the American
people will agree with me that
this Council of Foreign Ministers
will be effective in fastening the
day of peace and reconstruction.
We were anxious to settle the
future of Italy first among the
former enemy countries. italy
was the first to break away from
the Axis. She helped materially
in the final defeat of Germany.
She has now joined us in the
war against Japan. She is max
ing real progress toward democ-
racy.
A peace treaty with a demo-
cratic Italian government will
make it possible for us to receive
Italy as member of the United
Nations.
The Council of Foreign Minis
ters will also have to start the
preparatory work for the Ger
man peace settlement. But its
flnal acceptance will have to wait
until Germany has developed a
government with which a peace
treaty can be made. In the
meantime, the Conference of
Berlin laid down the specific
political and economic principles
under which Germany will be
governed by the occupying
powers.
Those principles have been
published. I hope that all of YOU
will read them.
They seek to rid Germany of
the forces which have made her
so long feared and hated, and
which have now brought her to
complete disaster. They are in
tended to eliminate Naziism,
armaments, war industries. the
German general staff and all its
military tradition. They seek to
rebuild democracy by control of
German education, by reorgan-
izing local government and the
judiciary, by encouraging free
speech, free press, freedom of re-
ligion and the right of labor to
organize.
German Industry
To Be Decentralized.
German industry is to be de-
centralized in order to do away
with concentration of economic
power in cartels and monopolies.
Chief emphasis is to be on agri-
culture and peaceful industries.
German economic power to make
war is to be eliminated. The
Germans are not to have a
higher standard of living than
their former victims, the people
of the defeated and occupied
countries of Europe.
We are going to do what we
can to make Germany over into
decent nation, so that it may
eventually work it's way from the.
economic chaos it has brought
upon itself, back into a place in
the civilized world.
The economic action taken
against Germany at the Berlin
Conference included another