davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-10-13

dajali sovrazniku svojo lastn
Pismo, il katerega smo izpu-
still le nekatere povsem osebne
stvari, Sc glasi:
'Draga mi sestra in Tone!
"Oglasam Sc po dolgem in
strasnem casu, da I'll sporocim,
da sva oba ziva in zdrava, in
hvala "a prejeto pismo. Mater
nam je Vsemogocni vel "a. no.
vembra 1943, drugi pa smo hva-
labogu ostali zivi in zdravi. Bila
je starost tukaj-77 let in Sc nj
dalo pomagati.
do tedaj emo cello leto nisem
mogla domov, ker razmere so bi-
le pac taksne, da cello do St. Vi
da nisem smela in mogla. Ljub-
Llama je bila krog in krog ogra-
jena zicno ograjo in pri izho-
din stroga strata in kontrola.
Brez dovoljenja nj bilo mogoce
nikamor, dovoljenje dobiti je
bilo skoro nemogoce, posebno "a
mas take, XII "a casa okupacije
nismo bill 'politicno zanesljivi.
LIE cudni sreci Sc je zahvaliti, da
Sc mi je takrat posrecilo priti
domov in tako sem mogla vsaj
sest dni v bolezni ostati pri njih.
Potovati sem morala seveda pes.
zeleznica je bila razrusena, kolo
Sc nj smelo voziti, drugih pre-
voznih sredstev nj bilo, sicer pa
so bile tudi ceste razruSene.
Zmirom so bill zdravi in cesto so
rekli: 'Otroci, kadar bonn toliko
bolna, da bonn morala lezati,
bonn umrla. In res je bilo tako.
"Oce so Sc kar nekako mocni
in dobro izgledajo, ali stejejo
81 let. Yes, dolgo tudi oceta ne
bono imeli; ma to moramo biti
pripravljeni.
"Ko sem Sc vrnila S pogreba,
so me zaprli. sest dni sem bila
zaprta in le malo je manjkalo,
da nisem bila odpeljana v Mem
Clio. Herman 81 je prizadeval ma
vse strani in lie $ tezavo me ie
|resil. Tisti Gas so, imei partiza-
nj zasedeno vso Dolenjsko do
Grosuplja. Cd Ljubljane do Gro
suplja pa SO bill Nemci in Mi.
howl psi. Tezko je bilo. &c sem
govorila po pravici, mi nj nihce
verjel. Sprasevali pa so me stva-
ri, XII niti pojma nisem imela O
njih.
''Zdaj pa grem zopet lahko
brez vsakega dovoljenja domov,
samo vozni promet Sc ne obstoji.
Imava kolesa in tako ma pot. S
easom Sc ze tudi promet uredi,
samo da smo docakai tako tezko
zazeljeni konec vojne.
"Pri Cesarjevih sta tudi oba
umrla, stric in matt. Stric lansko
leto, matt pa ravno takrat kot
vas prezident. lie povej Micki in
Mani.
"Zdaj pa nekoliko bivse zivlje.
ME nase. O draga moja, bilo je
strasno, kar Sc je dogajalo
brat proti bratu, sin proti ofetu,
oce proti sinu, in tako dalje in
dalje. Oh cestah. po goxdovih We
polno grobov straSno muSsnih Ia
pobitih ljudi. Pobijalo g 10 !
imsnu Kristusa Ia Boga 4. Sti
II dolga lsta smo . cole nod
trssli n posluSalL kdaj bodo pri
sH 20 mas y PSI d mas odpsljsj<
= inisruacijo ali pobijsjo. In pre-
Il - . 49, 8SSas y
misli i-ta strah nod q nocjo, 4
81 incl kako krivdo na sebi ali 4
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-10-13
Lovca obrestrelila drug
L---. >oA~ a.~-

LOVCd OOESSxLS411d OEu0
drugega niesto srne
GUNNISON, Colo, IL.
Oktobra. - Pri streljanju
ma istO srnO sta diva lOvca
ustrelila drug ma drugega.
Eden izmed lOvcev je da-
mes ran; podlegel, drugi pa
Sc nahaja v bolnisnici v
resnem polozaju. Ubiti 10
vec je 29-letni Harry 1.
Smith. On je bill zadet v
glavo.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Putting First Things First
From the Baltimore Sun.


Philip Whitcomb sends encouraging
dispatches from Cherbourg on the
realism and practically with which that
French provincial city Is going about
the business of reconstruction. Prob
ably the French Of Cherbourg are as
sensitive to large theological conceptions
as are other Frenchmen. But Mr..
Whitcomb reports that they have q be-
coming and canny understanding that
first things come first. Thus the tenn
porary City Council Of Cherbourg has
published plan Of union for action"
The plan is devoted to the simple and
urgent matters Of municipal house.
keeping. Items on the list demanding
immediate attention include transport,
food, lodging, schools, the return of
prisoners and refugees, and, very sig
nificantly, sports. Problems of longer
range include town planning, hysienic
service for youth, and . greater Atlantic
port. What is significant about this
program is that It does not rise to
or 1t rises above-the level Of partisan
politics. Equal appeal Is made to Re-
publicans, Petainists, Communists, De
GaullistS.
Evening star., 1945-04-24

eral Assembly - and there has been
nothing to suggest they will not so
persist-the American delegation will
vote with them as a matter of good
faith. But there is reason to believe
that will be the extent of activity on
the part of the Americans in this
matter
The argument against the admission
Of the Ukraine and White Russia is
that it destroys the theory of sovereign
equality in the General Assembly, with
each nation having single representa-
tive. However, the Russian claim Is
that these two republics, while mem
bers of the Soviet Union, are as much
entitled to separate status in the as
sembly as are Canada, Australia, South
Africa-all members of the British En-
plre, although autonomous states-and
certainly as much or more than India
Also the Russians, as practical matter,
look upon the pan-American repub-
lies, each of which will be represented
in the assembly, as likely to act to-
gether on many questions that may
arise.
The American attitude is one of
hope that the Russians will not in this
event make this demand. But the dele
CATION is prepared to go along with the
demand if it is made. IN the minds of
members of the delegations is the
thought that the issue is of minor i'm
portance compared to success in build
ing up the international organization
for peace. If the general attitude of
Russia is one of good faith in this
great adventure-as it is believed to
be-that is of prime Importance.
In the Security Council, which is to
be the board of governors, in effect, of
the international organization, the
United States, Britain, Russia, China
and France are to have permanent
membership, with one vote each. There
will be six other temporary members
of the council, elected for specified
terms. 1t would be possible, DIT some
time, to have as temporary members
of the council, Canada and the Ukraine,
for example. provided. however, they
could be elected by the member ma
tions.
The Ukraine has a population of
some 100000 900; White Russia, a much
smaller population After the last war
Ukrainia was independent for time
but in 1923 joined with other Russian
states to form the Soviet Union
Evening star., 1945-04-24
The Ruhr Victory

The complete smashing of the
Ruhr pocket by our American forces,
though subordinate part of the
larger overall Allied shattering of
Germany as whole, constitutes in
itself victory of the first magni-
tude.
Never before has there been an
encirclement quite so swift, gigantic
and successful as this one. On Feb
ruary % our Allied armies smashed
across the Roer to batter down all
Nazi defenses in front of the Rhine.
Then, on March "a, they crossed the
Rhine itself and Immediately began
forging a ring of steel around
the Ruhr, simultaneously continuing
their many -pronged advance deep
into the German interior.
Today, less than a month after
the Rhine crossing, while the Allies,
east and west, move toward juno
ton to deliver the death blow to
Nazidom, the Ruhr in it's entirety
has become ours-the greatest of
Germany's Industrial regions, the
huge network Of cities which earlier
in the war, before our pulverizing
Anglo-American air offensive, served
as Hitler's mightiest arsenal.
The great Russian encirclement at
Stalingrad was not effected in nearly
SO short time, nor did it embrace
so extensive an area. The Ruhr VIC
tory, though lacking the decisive
meaning of Stalingrad, is unique for
its speed and for the territory
covered. The entrapment operation
was little short of perfect, and it will
undoubtedly be studied as classic
in the war colleges for decades to
come. Moreover. in terms of losses
inflicted on the enemy, it appears to
be without rival in military history.
At Stalingrad the Russians killed,
wounded or captured $4,000 Ger
mans; in the Ruhr, according to
count not yet complete, our forces
have taken about $4,000 in pris-
oners alone, and when the dead and
wounded are tabulated total Nazi
casualties may run as high as
100000.
All told, since D day. Eisenhower's
armies have captured more than
100000 German troops and killed
or wounded perhaps an additional
Evening star., 1945-04-24

to counter the invasion of the
Philippines. Moreover, over four
month period ending last Novem-
ber it shot down more enemy planes,
per sortie, than any other command
in the Army Air Forces.
The Twentieth has every reason to
be proud of what it has achieved to
date. 1t has pioneered superbly well,
and, together with the Twenty-first
in the Marianas, it is now striking
with growing strength. The ex-
perimental days are over. In years
time, since the first one arrived in
India, Japan has come to know the
B-29s as a major menace.
Evening star., 1945-04-24

miles northwest of Linz. 1t seems fairly
obvious that these armies are coming up
to the Danube all along its upper course
with the intention of driving down the
river to meet the Russians and across it
in the direction of Munich and eventu-
ally of Salzburg and Berchtesgaden.
Meanwhile, on the southern face of
the German stronghold the German
armies in Italy appear at last to be
in full retreat across the Pc. What
counts here is the extent to which the
Germans can succeed in withdrawing
troops and material, but especially
troops, into the passes of the Alps.
At the neck of the hourglaSs, the
crucial region south of Berlin, the long
expected Russo-American junction may
take place at any hour-may have taken
place before these words are in print,
The farther south this junction hap
pens, the better, for the farther south
it is, the more Germans will be cut of
to the north of it, in comparatively
open country.
A word may be said about all the
excursions and alarms In the press re-
garding the American halt at the Elbe-
Nude line. The most sensational stories
appear to be af1oat about an American
withdrawal from advanced positions at
Russian behest, ETC., but actually, with
two great Allied forces approaching each
other. operating under entirely different
commands, the decision must have been
taken long ago as to the dividing line
long before any one knew which side
would reach that line first.
This is just the A B G of military pre-
caution, otherwise inextricable confu-
sion might result. to the great advantage
of the enemy. Once that line is reached
by either side, the approach OF the other
must be awaited, after which local opera
tions can be co-ordinated by the army
group and army commanders Immediate
ly concerned.
It should be emphasized that ali these
decisions are purely operational, to be
made by commanders in the field &C.
cording to actual conditions and are
highly unlikely to have been made ct
Yalta. They are not decisions for the
combined chiefs Of staff, but for Gen.
Eisenhower and the Russian marshal.
tCopyright, 1946.)
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Polish Deadlock

1t is regrettable that the San
Francisco Conference-barring a
last-minute reconciliation of views
should have to open under the cloud
OF what seems to be a deadlock in
the Polish negotiations.
The extent of the unsettling in
fluence which will result from the
disagreement among the three great
powers on the Polish issue remains
to be determined It should not
and probably will not cause break
down OF the security discussions.
But at a time when there is need
for the greatest confidence and
unity, it cannot fail to be dis
turbing factor-a continuing source
of concern to those men who are
striving earnestly toward the goal
of lasting peace and a ready-made
foundation upon which the obstruc-
tionists can build.
1t has been said, and it is perfectly
true, that the essential condition of
international security in the postwar
world will consist of the ability of
the United States, Russia and
Britain to work together. There
will be differences among them, of
course, but if these nations can
establish working relationship
based upon mutual confidence and
a close identity of interest the out
look for long period of stable peace
will be good. On the other hand,
If this relationship cannot be estab-
lished among the Big Three, it is
hardly conceivable that any agree
ment made at San Francisco can
contribute much to the peace of
the world.
This is why the Polish question
assumes so much Importance. 1t
provides the first real test of the
capacity of the Big Three to agree
on a controversial matter, and it
also tests their willingness to abide
by the letter and the spirit of an
agreement once it has been made.
For these reasons it is to be hoped
that the Polish discussions will be
renewed at San Francisco, as the
White House forecasts, and that a
settlement will be reached. Other
wise, the area of disagreement is
almost certain to grow, regardless
of anything that the delegates of
the United Nations may put down
on p>per in the next few weeks.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Mr.. Mcclellan Sits In

On many occasions Senator Nc
Kellar has been at odds with the
executive branch of the Govern
ment. Nevertheless, there is good
reason to believe that President
Truman has acted wisely in inviting
him to attend cabinet meetings in
the observers role which accrued to
the Vice President during the
administration of the late Franklin
D. Roosevelt.
President Truman has taken un-
usual steps to preserve good and
close relations with Congress, and
in view of the important role which
will be played in the future by the
legislative branch-particularly the
Senate-it is eminently desirable
that this cordial relationship be
maintained. In the absence of
Vice President, Senator McKellar in
effect fulf1lls that function as Presi-
dent pro tempore Of the Senate, and
it is therefore wholly appropriate
that he should have been chosen to
take over the cabinet chair formerly
occupied by Mr.. Truman and Henry
Wallace.
This may not be pleasing to some
OF the men within the administra-
tion who have crossed swords with
the Tennessee Senator when he has
seemed to place sectional or per-
sonal considerations ahead of what
they have regarded as the national
interest. If there be substance to
this contention, however, it may be
found that a seat at the cabinet
table, with the opportunity which
goes with it of examining problems
from the point of view of what is
good for the country as whole,
will have a beneficial rather than
a harmful influence. In any event.
Senator Mcclellan, as the presiding
officer OF the Senate, should sit in
on the meetings of the cabinet.
And the chances are that the re-
sultant advantages will outweigh
the objections which might be raised
by the political critics of the
Tennessee legislator.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
The B-2os in Asia

At about this time year ago-on
April 2-the Twentieth Bomber Com
mand, which is based in India and
China, received its first B-29 for COM
bat use. The event marked the begin
ming of the Super Fortress operations
which have since grown to be
great scourge for Japan. 1t was
modest beginning, but it was seized
upon and expanded with such sur
prising speed that it has more than
a little historical significance.
Starting with it's first B-29, the
Twentieth Bomber Command-as
distinct from the Twenty first
Bomber Command which went into
action later in the Marianas-
promptly undertook the role of
pioneer. The first combat took
place last April 26 when one of
the giant bombers, carrying car
go from India into China, beat off
six japanese planes. The first at
tack flight was a "shakedown" raid
on Bangkok on June S. and the first
B-29 strike against Japan proper
occurred ten days after that. All
told, during the twelve months up to
April 2 of this year, the Twentieth
sent its trail-blazing Super Fortresses
on forty-five missions against pri-
mary targets, destroying or damag-
ing more than four hundred enemy
fighters in the process.
At first glance the statistics may
not seem particularly impressive, but
they must be read in relation to the
tremendous difficulties that had to
be overcome by the Twentieth. To
begin with, as special report on the
subject points out. there was the
problem of getting crews and main
tenance forces adjusted to a new
and untried weapon, the biggest and
most intricate bomber in the world.
Then there was the supply prob
lem. Gradually the Air Transport
Command took over most of the
task, but for long while the BIOS
some of them converted into tank
ers-had to fly back and forth from
India to China across the perilous
Himilayan Hump for gasoline and
other supplies, several round-trips
being necessary before one combat
Sortie could be made. Finally, among
other handicaps, the Twentieth
Bomber Command had to cope with
the fact that the range of it's oper-
ations seriously complicated the all
important job of forecasting the
weather.
Yet, the Twentieth worked marvels
in its pioneering year. The total
length of its bombing missions ap-
proximated $4,000 miles, and its at
tacks on the Singapore area still
stand as the most far-ranging on
record. BY striking at Formosa, where
1t .obliterated great plane factory
and pounded numerous airdromes, it
materially hampered japanese efforts
Evening star., 1945-04-24

she regards as her own. In the case OF
Poland, however, the American and
British governments consider themselves
as equally interested partners.
Since the day he took over the
desk OF President Roosevelt, Mr.. Tru-
man has attempted to familiarize him
self with the outstanding questions
of international affairs and has paid
good deal of attention to the Yalta
agreements. He is said to be satisfied
with his predecessors Interpretation
that the Polish government must be
reorganized before it can be recog-
nized by the United States. This point
OF view Is equally shared by Britain.
- - ~
At present Mr.. Molotov's hands seem
to be tied by the accomplished fact
which occurred in Moscow Saturday.
He will necessarily adopt the stand
that the Lublin outfit represents the
de facto government of Poland and is
fully accepted by the Polish citizens in
the liberated areas. He may agree to
add number of outsiders to the gov
ernment with which Premier Stain
signed treaty which recognizes Its
sovereignty. But he is expected to re-
main adamant on the contention that
the Polish government as 1t exists to-
day is fully entitled to send repre-
sentatives to San Francisco.
On the question of German slave
labor, the April 10 issue of the Moscow
trade union paper Trud said: THE
Yalta Conference decided to exact COM
pensation in kind for the damage done
by the Germans. This includes the use
of German labor"
There is, however, nothing clear about
this matter in the official statement
on the Yalta agreement which pro-
vided that commission of the repre-
sentatives Of the Big Three would be
set up in Moscow ito consider the
question of the extent and methods
for compensating damage caused by
Germany to the Allied countries" The
whole matter turns around the inter-
probation Of the words sit is just that
Germany be obliged to make compensa-
ton for this damage in kind to the
greatest extent possible"
The Russians consider the words "in
kind" to mean also the services of in
dividuals who would work in Russia
and other devastated countries. So far
as is known here the American and
British governments have not yet off,
cially placed their own Interpretation
on whether the words Sin kind" ac-
tually mean the transfer of a large
section of Germany's manpower to the
devastated countries.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO-Sovie Russia's
proposal that the Ukraine and White
Russia each have member in the
General Assembly of the international
organization which is to be set up in
the United Nations Conference here is
based on the contention that the two
are virtually autonomous states. Fur
ther, the Russians contend that the
Ukraine and White Russia the west
ernmost of the Soviet Republics, also
are entitled to special recognition be-
cause they not only bore the brunt of
the Nazi invasion but they also have
played their full part in the victorious
the gates of Berlin.
1t is urged, on the part of this Rus
sian proposal, that these two repub-
lies, under their constitutions, have
separate ministries of defense, and that
they have authority to enter into dip
lomatic relations with foreign govern
ments. In the present war. the military
command is unified with Marshal
Stain at its head. Also, the establish
ment of separate diplomatic relations
by the Ukraine and White Russia has
not yet been effected. The constitu-
tions of these republics were rewritten,
however, only last year. Under present
world conditions, with the war in Eu-
rope still to be finally won, it is not
unreasonable that such activities have
been held in allegiance. AS the Rus
slams point out, the authority is there
So much for the argument that these
are virtually autonomous states, with
different peoples-although Slavic.
Juridically, the fact that these states
are autonomous has not been estab-
lished internationally. There is, how
ever. much to be said for the Russian
contention, which the late President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Chur-
chill Of Great Britain agreed to sup
port.
1t may be said categorically that the
American delegation at the San Fran
cisco Conference will vote for the ad-
mission of the Ukraine and White Rus
sia into the General Assembly The
death of Mr.. Roosevelt and the advent
of President Truman has not broken
at all the commitment made by this
Government to Russia. Further, the
British also will stick to the agreement
made by Mr. Churchill on their behalf.
If the Russians persist in their de-
mand for these members Of the Cen
Evening star., 1945-04-24
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

It Is freely admitted in Warrington
diplomatic and political quarters that
the success Of the San Francisco Con-
ference hinges on this weeks conversa-
tions between President Truman and
Russian Foreign Commissar Molotov.
While conversations have been carried
out in the friendliest atmosphere by the
foreign secretaries of America. Russia
and Great Britain, 1t Is in fact up to Mr..
Truman to decide whether the western
Allies are going to make further conces-
sions to the USSR in the political field
in exchange for Russia's unstinted CO.
operation at San Francisco.
At this time there is a wide gap be-
tween the Americana British and the
Russian points of view on two important
matters-the question of the Polish gov
ernment and the transfer of a large
number OF Germans to work as "repara-
tions in kind" repairing damage wrought
by the Nazi armies.
There was unconcealed amazement in
American and British diplomatic quar-
ters late last week when it was an
nounced from Moscow that Premier
Stain himself had signed a new 2O-year
treaty of alliance between the Lublin
committee and Russia.
Even those American diplomats who
expected to find face saving" solu-
ton to the Polish question admitted that
Russia's action constituted another blow
to the Yalta agreements.
X X n
The Yalta agreement provided clearly
that henceforth the Big Three would not
embark on any measures without con-
sulting one another. Since then there
have been a number of other unilateral
actions such as the change of govern
ment in Romania and the transfer of
part of Pennsylvania to the Soviet
sponsored government of the Danubian
Kingdom. But since these unilateral
actions offended only the spirit of the
Yalta pledges, the British and American
governments were satisfied with going
no further than merely registering a
protest in Moscow
AS to the Polish question, the signing
OF the Polish-Russian treaty violates,
according to the American and British
diplomats, not only the spirit but also
the letter Of the Yalta accord. Gone is
the optimism which prevailed in Wash
ington for few days, between April IA
and April 18, when reports from Moscow
indicated Premier Stain was willing to
accept formula which was to include
a number of Polish members of the
underground cabinet.
Russia obviously intends to follow her
own course IN regard to problems which