davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1945-07-01

Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Lomen left
Seattle by plane in the morning
and ate dinner in Nome the same
evening Mrs Lomen will remain
for around six weeks but Mr.
Lomen Will not come outside until
late this fan.
Nome will be a busy place this
summer with small independent
mining groups operating during
the closure of the bigger mining
operations in the Territory
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1945-07-01

trates from Chile. The ordinary
steam tramp was having a bad
enough time, thanks to the inva-
sion of her territory by the swift
cargo liner. How much hope then
for sail, with even the nitrate
trade disappearing after the cut
ting of the Panama Canal? There
Scandinavian American. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1945-1958, 1945-07-01

was, and is, left the Australian
grain trade :.
Such, in rough, is the set of Cir
cumstances that has led to the
unique collection under one flag of
virtually all the sailing-ships of
size still afloat-the multi-masted
Continued on Page 15)
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1945-01-08

The figures will not be flatter-
ing but enough preliminary data
are available already to cushion
the shock for his admiring pub
lie.
About ten years ago a foolish
notion grew suddenly, almost
mysteriously, popular. The idea
was that poor farmers got poor
(anyhow didn't get rich) because
they never had chance. Big,
fat capitalists, it seemed, kept
the juice squeezed out of them
all the time. So Uncle Sam, with
Rexford Guy Tugwell standing
on his shoulder and whispering
in his ear, dashed to the rescue.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1945-01-08
RESCUE THE FAnMERI

A famous federal project, one
of many, to fortify hand picked
relief cases 'sback on the SOIL"
was the 2271-acre Deshee farm
near Vincennes, Ind. It was taken
for granted that AZ families could
make living there after the
government had paid half a mil
lion dollars for the land and one
of 20 agricultural lending agen-
cies had helped out with $780,
600 more. 1t was, however, too
much to expect. They couldn't
make a living.
With SO acres per family, homes
clustered in artistic groups like
chairs at lawn fete, the farm
ers" were supposed to do spec
ialty production of top grade
produce and truck to yield fancy
prices Unfortunately, somehow,
the plan didn't work. Deshee is
being sold, as are many of the
governments other pipe-dream
farms. Among them is the 3453-
acre Lake Dick farm near Pine
Bluff, Ark.
PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIEF
An early discovery at Deshee
was that speciality farmers don't
often get On government relief
rolls. The relief farmers knew
little more than the need to plant
seed and scratch the ground. BY
this method of operation Deshee
had 20 families too many. Fin
ally the community shrank to
eight families. Many of them left
because they didn't like the sur
roundings. People on relief be-
come fastidious.
High prices on just about
everything of value, an aspect of
war-born initiation, is what saves
our country from charging Off
these highfalutin agricultural
experiments, almost completely.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1945-01-08
THE NOME NUGGET

Losses ON Deshee, and others to
sell soon, may be small because
of well-timed sales, but this
fails to prove that the govern
ment can farm, least of all with
human misfits on the land.
NO FUTURE IN THIS
Up to now, the Federal Sc
curity Administration has sold
quite few of the governments
resettlement projects. The total
number disposed OF before the
end of 1914 cost the taxpayers
of America some II million dol
lars. All the government realized
from the sales was 81 million dol
lars. It means that the FSA is,
so far, liquidating these cost
ly dreams at less than 40 cents
on the dollar.
In farming, government man
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1945-01-08
PAGE THREE

agement is showing a loss Of 80
per cent. We have no right to
expect that losses from govern
ment management would be less
in manufacturing. If they ran
only so per cent, it would mean
production cut in half, wages
lowered accordingly and prices
advanced; perhaps doubled. I'm
dertaken on a big scale, it would
mean living standards half as
high as we are used to-for all
of us. I'm in favor of keeping
our private enterprise system.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1945-01-08

COSTLY DREAMS

Before the middle of 1945, and
of the federal fiscal year, some
weary worker in Washington will
yank crank or touch button
and watch a calculating machine
grind out some tell-tale totals
about Uncle Sam as a farm exc
cutive and plantation operator.
Evening star., 1945-01-27

exercise of such power and author
ity Is necessary to insure the op-
Grafton Of such plant, mine or facil.
ity In the interest OF the war effort.
Give Careful Study.
have carefully considered the
War Labor Board Disputes Act. and
applying all Of the standards by
which Its constitutionality may be
tested. ! am Of the opinion that it
is constitutional Under the act
the President is authorized to take
over any mine, plant or facility
which is equipped for the manufac-
ture, mining or production Of any
article or material necessary or use
full in the war effort, providing the
conditions of the statute are met.
The question which now confronts
me is whether the President is
given power under this statute to
take possession of an establishment
which is engaged solely in retail
selling and distribution.
Production" and distribution"
are not synonymous terms. The APP
pleton Century Dictionary, edition
OF 1888, defines the noun "produc-
ton" as "the act Of producing, or
the state of being produced. creation,
manufacture" And the verb pro-
duce" is defined as "to bring forth,
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Hlgh-0ctane Production
10 Be Expanded Soon
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
Further expansion Of the Nations
already vast high-octane gasoline
program to provide for probably
eight additional high-octane plants
has been decided on and Govern
ment officials now are looking for
suitable sites.
The decision to increase the out
put OF high-octane resulted from
the growing demands Of war planes.
The B-28 Super Fortresses, with four
2,200- horsepower engines, literally
drink gasoline, it was explained.
With the production of these giant
planes gaining steadily. it was de-
cided that present high-octane IA
cilities must be expanded to keep
them flying.
A spokesman for the Petroleum
Administration for War acknowl-
edged yesterday that an expansion
of facilities is under consideration,
but called it still In the talking
stage" which means it is not ready
for a formal announcement. Other
sources said. however, that only 4
sudden collapse of Germany would
result in the dropping OF the ex-
pansion plans.
The United Nations, with this
country the principal supplier. are
now producing about 100000 barrels
Of 100-octane gasoline daily.
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Gen. Twining Says Nazis
Are Short Of Fuel
By the Associated Press.

by llc aooOCldtcQ IIcSS
CHARLOTTE, N. c., Jan. 27.-
Maj. Gen. Nathan F. Twining, COM
mander of the 18th Air Force In
Italy, said last night the Germans
are getting terribly short on fuel"
Gen. Twining said the Germans
simply don't have the gas for their
planes and tanks-at least, that is
what We think after considering all
the information we get.
They save up fuel and occasion-
ally make big splurge, as they did
in the recent offensive on the
western front. But they can't keep
at it," he continued. "Where We
used to have scores of fighters after
us all the way on our trips over
Germany, now we 60 for hundreds
of miles and never see . plane"
Rocket planes, he said ARE hard
for us to handle. They really move.
But our boys often manage to box
one in and then We usually get him.
They are so fast the pilot can't
turn quickly and that gives our fel-
lows an advantage"
Gen. Twining came here yesterday
to visit with his wife and family.
He said he expected to be home for
a week or ten days.
Evening star., 1945-01-27
BiddIe AssaiIed for Failing
To Help Hold Florida Hotel

BY the Associated Press.
Criticizing what he described as
Attorney General Biddle's refusal"
to assist in retaining the Breakers
Hotel at Palm Beach. Fla, as an
Army hospital, Representative
Smith, Republican, of Wisconsin
suggested yesterday the case be in
vestigated by Congress.
Mr.. Smith inserted into the Con-
gressional Record transcripts Of
testimony before the Senate War
Investigating Committee touching on
the case and asserted:
"At time when the Government
is engaged in the important job OF
rehabilitating our sick and wounded
veterans Of this war, when good
hospital facilities are wholly made
quate. 1t ID amazing to learn the
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Bush Urges Co-ordinator
To Develop New Weapons
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
DR.. Vannevar Bush, director Of
the Once of Scientific Research and
Development, yesterday urged ap-
pointment Of top military COM
mander to coordinate the develop
ment and use of new weapons.
After the war, he said, Congress
should set up a civilian agency to
work on "the scientific aspect of
military problems"
DR.. Bush, testifying before the
House Committee on Postwar Mill
tary Policy, said the armed forces
now are not geared to get irnme-
diate results in all branches from
scientific development.
There is need for technical plan
ming at the top of the military or
ganization, he said, for the develop
ment and use "of new weapons in
which more than one branch is di-
rectly interested"
Evening star., 1945-01-27

or yield, as young. or natural prod-
ucts, to give forth. furnishing OF o
supply, as q mine furnishes silver,
to bring into existence, give rise to,
cause or make, as to produce steam,
heat, as q result, or q noise made by
working upon raw material, or man.
ufacture." Webster's New Interna-
tional Dictionary. Merriam's edition
Of l94l, defines production" as "the
act Of process Of producing, bringing
forth or exhibiting to view, as the
production OF commodities"
Produce" Is defined as ito bring
forth, as young, or as natural
product Of growth, to give birth to,
to bear, to generate, to yield, to
furnish, as the earth produces grass,
trees produce fruit" ITO give being
to, to manufacture. make, rs pro-
duces excellent pottery" In any
dictionary ! have consulted ! have
not found production" defined so as
to include distribution. The Gov
ernment has cited cases which 1t
contends indicate that the torn
production" has q broader signifi-
canoe than that customarily given
to II, defining 1t as ITO make avail
able but 1t seems to me that none Of
those cases justify the application
Of the term to facilities whose sole
business Is that of retail sale and
distribution. Seizure OF plants and
facilities of all kinds is not auth
orized by the act. Under its provi-
sions possession may be taken only
Of ~'plants and facilities which are
equipped for the mining, manufac-
ture or production of articles or ma
terials which may be required for
the war effort or which may be
useful In connection herewith" In
support Of its contention the Gov
ernment cites the cases of Manu-
facturcs Go. v. Fleet Corp, 26< U. s.
ESQ; and Briggs Manufacturing Co.
v. United States, 30 Fed. (2) o62.
In the case OF Manufacturers Co. v.
Fleet Corp. the court held. quoting
from the syllabus:
The act Of March I, 1918 -
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Negro Asks Court 10 End
Rail Race Discrimination
BY the Associatsd Press.

BY the Associatso Ffess,
BALTIMORE, Jan. 27.-A Balti-
more Negro asked the Federal Dis
trict Court yesterday to uphold his
contention that the Southern Rail-
way System had no right to segre-
gate members of his race in dining
cars.
In a suit filed against the Inter-
state Commerce Commission, Elmer
w. Henderson asked specifically that
the court set aside an ICC denial Of
his petition that the Southern Rail-
way be directed to desist from vio-
latine national train transportation
policy in this respect.
Mr.. Henderson said that on trip
from Washington to Atlanta. in May,
1912, he had been Disseminated
against on the dining Car Of one Of
the Southern's trains.
He said he had been refused serv.
ice and accused the company OF "inl-
practical, humiliating. discrimina-
tory and unfair use OF curtains
around tables reserved for Negroes"
Evening star., 1945-01-27

that the act taken IN it's entirety
authorizes the President to seize
the plants and facilities OF Mont
gomery Ward q Co. The War La
Dor Disputes Act Is not an inte-
grated piece Of legislation. It COW
ers five distinct subjects, all re-
lated, but each separate and dis
tinct.
Section 3 is the plant seizure Sec
tion. It Is referred to as an amend
ment to section 8 Of the Selective
Training and Service Act. Section
9 Of the latter act provides for the
seizure Of property where the Gov
ernment had placed an order for
the manufacture and production Of
munitions OF war and there had
been refusal on the part Of Q con.
tractor to comply with the order.
The placing Of the order and the
refusal to deliver war materials
were definitely prerequisites to
seizure. Section of the War Labor
Disputes Act enlarges upon section
8 OF the Selective Training and
Service Act by providing that the
President may seize "any plant,
mine or facility equipped for the
manufacture. production or mining
Of any articles and materials which
may be required for the war effort
or which may be useful in connec-
ton Herewith"
The placing of an order and re-
fusal upon the part of a contractor
to fulfill such order are not pre-
requisites to seizure under section 8.
Sections 4. S and 6, of the act refer
to conditions Of employment in
plants seized under section and
provide penalties for interference
with the operations Of the plant
while under Government control.
Section 7 Of the act deals with the
functions and duties Of the National
War Labor Board. This is the sec
ton which for the first time gave
statutory recognition to this board.
It clothed the board with certain
authority. including subpoena power
Specifically, Congress required
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Dog Which Bit Woman
Found Not to Be Rubid

Mrs. Ann l.. Haynes, 6707 Barr
road, Fairway Hills, Md. who was
bitten by dog January 10. will
escape the rabies treatment sched.
uled to begin today because. in re-
spcnse to a radio appeal, the dog
was produced by its owner and
found to be non-rabid.
DR.. James g. Cumming, director
Of the Health Department Bureau
of Communicable Diseases, said Mrs.
Haynes identified the dog yesterday
He explained that because the ami
NAL was still alive, it did not have
rabies because dogs afflicted with the
disease usually die within . week
after infection. The dog has been
uuarantined for short while, how
ever, he said,
Evening star., 1945-01-27
THE EVENING STAR Washington D. C. ~ Al
~,

sions that the terms equipped to
manufacture. mine or produce, also
include the term distribution or
that Congress intended by the act
to grant to the President the power
to seize q plant or facility engaged
solely in retail distribution" In the
case OF ex parte Mitsuye Endo,
decided by the Supreme Court on
December l6, 1914 (not yet re-
ported, the court said:
I'VE must assume that the Chief
Executive and members OF Congress,
as well as the courts, are sensitive
to and respectful Of the liberties of
the citizen. In interpreting a war
time measure we must assume that
their purpose was to allow for the
greatest possible accommodation
between those liberties and the
engencies Of the war. We must
assume, when asked to find implied
powers In a grant Of legislation or
executive authority, that the law
makers intended to place no greater
restraint on the citizen than was
clearly and unmistakably indicated
by the language they used"
I am Of the opinion that the War
Labor Disputes Act did not confer
upon the President power to seize
the plants and facilities of Mont
gomery Ward & Co., retail estab-
lishment engaged solely In distribu-
ton.
On April Is, 1914, the President
issued an executive order authoriz-
ing the Secretary of Commerce to
take possession of and operate
Wards Chicago facilities. Applica-
tion was made by plaintiff for
q restraining order followed by
motion for a temporary injunction.
The case was heard and taken under
adyisement by the court, but was
dismissed because the Government
surrendered possession Of the Ward
property,
Evening star., 1945-01-27
zionisis will Discuss
Dispute on Palestine

The dispute In zionism between
Rabbi Stephen Wise Of New York
and Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver Of
Cincinnati will be discussed at $3.50
pm. today at the Ambassador Hotel
Rabbi Silver has urged an as-
gressive campaign to get Palestine
resolution through Congress.
Louise e. Spiegler, attorney and
Evening star., 1945-01-27

empowering the United States Ship
ping Board Emergency Fleet Corp.
to reQuisition land for the construc-
tion thereon OF houses for employees,
and the families Of employees. Of
shipyards In which ships were being
constructed for the United States,
and to construct on such land for
their uses houses and oil other nee
essary or convenient facilities etc,
authorized the taking OF land for an
electric railway terminal, for the
purpose Of providing convenient
transportation for employees Of a
nearby shipyard, and their fam
lilies, for whom housing was being
provided under the act on other
land in close proximity"
In Briggs Manufacturing Co. VS..
United States, the court held, quot
ing again from syllabus:
Articles produced by cotton mills
held to have contributed to prosecu-
ton Of war, and enumerated facil-
tiles Of such mills, including
tenement houses for additional help.
ice house and furnace for head
weaver's house, were for production
Of articles contributing to prosecu-
tion OF war, within Revenue Act Of
1918 relative to deduction in
computing income for amortization
Of cost Of acquired We facilities"
Different question.
Both OF these cases involved ia
cilities the operation of which were
held to be necessary or useful in the
war effort, and might be applicable
here If the War Labor Disputes Act
authorized the President to take
over facilities the operation of
which are necessary or useful in
the war effort, where that opera
ton is being interrupted by labor
dispute. But that is not the ques-
ton involved In the instant case.
The War Labor Disputes Act au-
thorizes the President to seize a
plant or facility only when 1t is
equipped to produce articles neces-
sary or useful in the war effort.
The Government further urges
Evening star., 1945-01-27
u. ). Authorities Doubt
Naval Battle Off China

b. the Associated Press.
CHUNGK1NG, Jan. 27.-The Chi
nese army newspaper Sac Tang Pao
again published reports today Of .
japanese American naval battle
Tuesday OF the Chekiang coat Of
China. but American authorities
here said they knew nothing OF such
Evening star., 1945-01-27

real facts behind the Hotel Breakers
case - ."
Mr.. Smith quoted testimony OF
former Assistant Attorney General
Norman Littell before the old Tru-
man Committee, who said the Army
paid about s1,400,0oo for use of the
property for less than two years.
Mr.. Littell told the committee the
hotel could have been bought for
approximately s3,2o0,000 and resold
after the war.
Evening star., 1945-01-27

a conflict and expressed doubt that
1t had occurred.
In its report from the front"
which appeared Thursday, the
newspaper said 40 or so American
and Japanese warships locked In
battle and the Japanese retired in
defeat to the northeast.
The newspaper expressed the view
today that "the broken Japanese
navy" might have taken refuge on
the Chekiang coast ito catch their
breath"
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Avery Declares Court Decision
Means Great Day for Labor

constitutional rights to join union,
not join union or to resign from
q union as he Wishes" Mr.. Avery
declared.
There has been at no time any
opposition to unionisn,," he asserted.
"The company's position has been
against the closed shop. Our wages,
hours and working conditions have
not been q cause Of the dispute.
Judge Sullivans decision ex-
presses the convictions Of the COM
pany."
Evening star., 1945-01-27
Actress Ida Lupino
To File for Divorce
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
HOLLYWOOD, Jan. 27.-1da Lu-
pino and Actor Louis Hayward have
decided to make their separation
Official.
The slim, blond actress said last
night. she had given her >attorney
instructions to start a divorce ac-
ton Monday and that Mr.. Hay
ward had requested 1t. They have
been separated more than six
months. They were married In
1898.
Evening star., 1945-01-27

president Of the Seaboard region Of
the Zionist Organization, will ex-
plain the stand taken by Rabbi
Wise, who has urged waiting.
Rabbi Samuel H. Berkowitz of the
Arlington Hebrew Center will ex.
plain the stand of Rabbi Silver. The
symposium is sponsored by the
Hadassah and the Louis D. Brandeis
Zionist District.
Evening star., 1945-01-27

War Bonds are the civilians am
mpnition against the Japs and
Nsxis, While the civilian cannot
take part in actual batties he can
do % yicariously through tanks,
guns and other Matefial Of var puE-
chased with his War Aond monsy.
Evening star., 1945-01-27
By the Associated Press.
CHANDLER, Ari,

CHANDLER, Ariz., Jan. 49,
Sewell Avery, chairman OF the board
OF Montgomery Ward Co., said here
today that the decision Of Judge
Philip L. Sullivan in declaring Presi-
dent Roosevelt's order for Army
seizure Of Ward properties illegal,
means "a great day for labor"
"The battle OF Wards for seven
years has been to maintain the In
dependence Of the individual In his
Evening star., 1945-01-27

that the board in Its decisions con-
form to the provisions OF the Fair
Labor Standards Act, the National
Labor Relations Act and the Emer-
sency Price Control Act. Section 8
OF the act provides for the 30 days
cooling of" period before a strike
shall begin. II also provides for
notices Of contemplated strike and
for secret elections. Section 8
amends the Corrupt Practices Act
and forbids labor organizations from
soliciting contributions in connec-
ton with Federal elections.
The most severe part Of the oct
is the plant seizure section. It is
inconceivable that Congress would
exercise 50 much care In clarifying
Section 8 and leave Section 3 (the
plant seizure section) TO conjecture.
It is obvious that Congress had but
one reason for not enlarging upon
the terms plant, mine, or facility
equipped for the manufacture, pro-
duction or mining OF any articles or
materials" which may be required
for the war effort, and that Is that
the language Is too clear to require
definition. Nor was any provision
made for enforcing the orders OF the
War Labor Board, Congress appar-
emily believing, and SO saying, that
Seizure would be necessary only in
cases where the employers facilities
were equipped for manufacturing.
mining or producing.
Section 8 provides for the cooling"
period and applies to controversies
which seriously threaten to interrupt
the war production, but I do not
believe that the language used in
section 8 warrants my constituting
section 3 as II the same terms were
used in both.
Not Intended by Congress.
! have carefully read the entire
legislative history of the act and
from It I cannot draw the conrb,-
Evening star., 1945-01-27

chance to live and win. money no
object.
You wouldn'f la il ~..sssw.ss,
would your
Then remember - you've got to do
your part by buying and holding War
Bonds. Your dollars are needed to help
lay the smoke screen /. provide the
"softening up" bombardment. .Aatten
the deadly pill-boxes.
That's what your War Bond money
does right now.
And in the future it will do still more
Evening star., 1945-01-27
$4,000 worth Of smoke


You don't do Il with hoy, brotherl
1t costs $1,000 good hard American
dollars to lay a smoke screen on 20
mile beachhead for single hour.
Worth it?
What would you think if you knew
your life depended on reaching that
beach without being spotted by the
enemy?
You'd be mighty glad that - in this
war = everything is being done to give
the American soldier the best possible