davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-20
Chinu's CupituI

One OF the problems racing the
people of China, emerging from
thirteen years of war with Japan,
is that OF deciding upon the site of
a capital. Chungking has been the
administrative headquarters OF the
national government since 1887,
but it is more than twelve hundred
miles from the sea and for that
reason, if for none other, is not
likely to be chosen as the focal
center of the emancipated and re-
united republic. Neither is it ex-
pected that Sian in the northwest,
the modern equivalent of the
metropolis of the ancient Chow,
Han and Tang dynasties and con-
venient to Soviet territory, will be
selected.
The choice, it seems, lies between
Peking, not long ago rechristened
Peiping, and Nanking. In behalf of
the former, commentators have ar
gued that it was the capital of the
imperial Chinese domain from the
thirteenth century. The Mongol,
the Ming and the Manchu emperors
contributed to its wealth, power and
reputation. Communication lines
between it and Manchuria, Mongolia,
Russia and Japan are good. Through
it move the principal railroads. 1t
is "the hub" of China in that respect.
But proponents of Nanking insist
that it also is radial center for
land routes, waterways and airways.
Surrounded by natural barriers, it
has a strategic significance superior
to that of any rival and therefore
is apt to be favored by military per-
sonnel. 1t was preferred by DR.. Sun
Yat-sen, the founder of the Kuomin-
tang as an alternative to Peking
because it represented an oppor-
tunity to begin all over again" in
liberty from the blight of the old
imperial bureaucracy and the dis
turbing influence Of foreign gar
risons. His monument is an object
of pilgrimage in the neighborhood.
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek, DR..
Suns most famous successor in the
struggle to unity and to free China,
repeatedly has indicated that Nam
king has his vote, but he appears to
be willing to regard Sian as a per-
manent "co-capital." The Com
munist partisans led by Mao TIE
tung, on the other hand, probably
would give Sian first place, Nanking
second. Detachments of the Com
munist forces are In practical control
Evening star., 1945-08-20
! This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

From information which has been
available in Washington since the ar
rival of China's Premier r. v. Soong on
Thursday, nominal independence soon
will be granted to Korea.
Korea's future status was decided at
the Potsdam Conference and In the
treaty of amity signed last week be-
tween Russia and China. At first, until
conditions are improved the country is
expected to be occupied nominally by
the Allies. But it is the Red Army
which will be entrusted with the actual
occupation.
A strong underground movement al
ready exists in most parts of Korea. It
is formed of Koreans who have served
in the Soviet forces since 1912.
After the outbreak of the German
Russian war the Red high command
decided to incorporate in its army about
200 900 able-bodied Koreans who were
instructed militarily by Russian officers
and indoctrinated politically by political
commissars. This force was expected to
make an important contribution to Rus
Sia's fight against the Kwantung Army.
Last May when reports from Tokyo,
where the Soviets had an active en-
bassy, indicated that Japan's resistance
would be Short-lived after the collapse
of Germany, about 10000 Koreans were
smuggled into their native land. These
men were equipped with partisan
weapons" - tommyguns, light machine
guns and rifies-and were ordered to
stand by for the signal to start rebel
lion against the Japanese authorities.
The japanese resistance lasted for
even a shorter period than was antici-
pated. The Russians entered Korea and
there was no reason why the planned
uprising should take place. Now this
force is expected to form the nucleus of
the new Korean army. Across the bor-
ders, in Siberia, there is a group of
young Koreans, some of whom have
attended the Lenin School of Commu-
nism in Moscow. This group Is expected
eventually to be placed at the head of
the government and until free elections
are held it will be temporarily recog-
nized by the Allies.
This matter is said to have been dis
cussed in Moscow by Premier Soong,
Premier Stain and Foreign Commissar
Molotov. The Chinese reportedly are
raising no objections to the Russian
plan and since the matter appears
agreeable to the Chungking government
there is no reason why the American
and British governments should object
either.
AS compensation for China not rails
Ing any objection to the formation of a
friendly" government in Korea, Russia
agreed not to raise any claims on Inner
Mongolia and also reportedly agreed
Evening star., 1945-08-20

the techniques of the use of air-borne
armies, OF radar and of other military
employments of electronics. The con-
cluslon is inescapable that if the Eng
hsh-speaking powers desired to use their
power ruthlessly, they could establish
themselves as the lords of the world.
none could say them nay; none could
nope successfully to resist. Their bases
glrdie the globe. Their rocket-bearing
or atom-bearing planes can reach the
remoteSt corners of the earth. to be
followed by their air-borne legions, No
CITY that raised banner of defiance
could expect to exist for "a hours.
But 1t is not so that free peoples
employ power when it is given tempo
rarily into their hands. Instead. we
are engaged in worldwide discussions
looking to the establishment of a lust
and lasting peace for all peoples. We
Americans initiated those discussions.
and we carried them on long after
we knew we had and could eventually
use atomic power as weapon.
We know that we cannot, merely by
power, bring about the conditions of
assured peace which we seek. We know
we cannot rule by fear as far as the ma
jority of mankind are concerned, unless
we are willing we are MOTTO
use our power ruthlessly and arbitrarily
just to enforce our will on others,
whether they like it or not. We know
that the only enduring peace must be
peace in which all peoples will join,
which they will support in mutual con-
fldence and with mutual guarantees.
It seems to me that now Is the time to
press firmly and vigorously for the
breaking down of every wall Of censor
ship in all the world which artiflcially
denies the comon man access to the
truth.
No more political censorship, no more
controlled press and radio, but free
news everywhere, free circulation Of
newsmen, freedom OF communication
and of movement of human beings with
out police supervision save as may be
necessary to keep the peace; that should
be our policy. If we are to place our
weapons and our techniques at the
service Of the United Nations-an NOR
ally we should-then as a practical mat
ter let US use our present position to
insist that there shall be no hidden
corners in which the selfish or the
desperate may contriye to turn these
powers against us.
tCopyright 1ek5.l
Evening star., 1945-08-20
The Public Must Know

1t is entirely possible that the
Navy Department may decline to
furnish Chairman Walsh of the
Senate Naval Affairs Committee its
files relating to the Navy's investi-
cation of the Pearl Harbor disaster.
Chairman Walsh asked for them last
week on the ground that military
expediency, now that the war is
over, no longer provides an excuse
for keeping the records secret.
The Navy Department may take
the view that the proceedings of its
board Of inquiry, which reported
early in December that it had found
no grounds for court martial of Rear
Admiral Kimmel, are analogous to
a grand jury investigation and
that publication Of evidence might
prejudice the defense or prosecution
of Admiral Kimmel, should a court
martial ever he held.
If that happens to be the Navy
Departments attitude, it makes
more mandatory than ever a court
martial of Admiral Kimmel and of
Major General Short. The Roberts
report accused both officers of "der-
ELECTION of duty" Shortly after that
report, both the War and Navy De-
partments announced that the Of
ficers would be tried. But during
the war it seemed inadvisable, for
security reasons, to hold the trials.
The boards Of inquiry Of the War
and Navy Departments, ordered by
Congress, found no evidence on
which to base a trial. But that was
secret proceeding and now that
the war Is over the public is en-
titled to thorough airing of the
whole affair, with open doors.
Not only is the public entitled to
this, but so are both of the officers,
who repeatedly have asked for
court-martial and whose records will
be stained for generations to come
unless they are cleared by a formal
proceeding which will reveal all the
hidden facts.
Evening star., 1945-08-20

Of activities which, assigned to in
dependent agencies when first un-
dertaken, properly should be brought
under control OF the State Depart
ment. Secretary Byrnes sometime
ago requested recommendations on
the new administrative structure
which the end of the war makes
advisable. Until these are available
for study, it is unlikely that any
changes will be made.
Evening star., 1945-08-20
Bullets and CARTRIDGES

To The Editor of The Star:
There seems to be growing tendency
on the part of newspaper writers to
confuse the words bullet" and "car-
fridge" Perhaps I should not say con-
fuse, but rather fail to realize that there
is difference.
The most recent example is an article
appearing on your front page about a
week ago concerning an explosion of
toy jet-propulsion plane. It was said
that the powder was obtained from a
bullet, an obvious absurdity. Frequently
you read of children being injured by
bullets (meaning cartridges) thrown into
bonflres.
My objections are not technical quib-
bling. am not technician or an
Army man, but I think I have known
the difference since was or perhaps
10 years old.
I suggest that your staff be informed
that bullet is the projectile and con-
tains no powder, and that the bullet
combined with metal generally brass)
case containing the explosive is q car
fridge. GEORGE D. WATRoUs, Jr.
Evening star., 1945-08-20

With the smoke situation easing
up, an alarming shortage of ciga-
rette-shortage gags is anticipated in
press and radio.
Evening star., 1945-08-20

Of Peking at the present moment.
Conceivably the eventual decision
may be to create a new capital as
Washington was created between
1790 and 1902.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Chicago Grain

CHICAGO, Oct. II P,.-Consistent
STRENGTH In, wheat and sharp fluctuations
in oats and rye dealings gave the grain
futures market an irregular tone today
The rye market, relatively weak most
of the session, spurted upward near the
close on moderate commission house de-
msnd and short covering. Offerings were
light and the May delivery scored a gain
OF PA cents at one stage in the upturn
May and July delivery wheat previously
had received major support. Active buy
ing py leading commission house was
regarded as hedge removal operation
probably induced by sales to the Govern
ment: Commodity Credit Corp purchases
Of wheat were being watched closely By
Oats were under selling pressure most
OF the session, but rallied near the close
response to support given rye
a., At the close wheat was A to 7s higher
than yesterdays finish. December l.76At-
y; corn was u to u higher, December
I:LsA; oats we're UNCHANGED to y higher,
Ia hisher, December .6oH- "a, and barley
was Z to "a lower. December liz.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Ending Of Coal Strike
Puts Props Under
Wayering Stocks
BY VICTOR EUBANK,
AsSo -iate4 pres< Fina pcia1 Writ q

NEW YORK, Oct. l7.-Calling off
of the ,six-State soft coal walkout,
most serious threat to reconversion,
put props under wavering stock
market today and favorites, paced
by steel-, climbed one to more than
tree points.
Irregularity ruled until the John
L. Lewis dictum reached Wall Street
around midday. The tide then
quickly turned for liquors, rails,
utilities and assorted specialties,
While many leaders exhibited con-
siderable apathy, advances were well
in the majority near the close. Deal
ings were sluggish in the forenoon
except for big blocks of low-quoted
issues whose variations were neg
ligible. Activity picked up some
what on the comeback and transfers
for the full stretch ran to around
/ 300 900 shares.
Numerous customers still leaned
to the cautious side because of the
feeling substantial technical cor
rection was overdue. The imitation
theme, coupled with earnings, divi-
dends and ttax hopes, again buoyed
investment sentiment. Gold mining
stocks came to life on rumors the
official price for the yellow metal
might be boosted
Prominent at tops for 1945 or
longer were U. S. Steel, Bethlehem,
Youngstown Sheet, Schenley, Good
rich, U. S. Rubber, South American
Gold & Platinum, Electric Power
81 Light and Curtiss- Wright "A"
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO, Oct. IL. C4,.-Buyers paid the
Sis OPA ceiling price for more than 90
loads of choice cattle today, including 925-
pound yearling steers and mixed steers and
heiters
More than 158 loads OF top steers have
brought the limit SO far this week, break
ing the previous record OF liz loads in
the last week in September
Trade was active for good and choice
ied steers and yearlings and prices were
fully steady to is cents higher Lower
Grades as well as other classes OF slaughter
cattle held steady; vealers were unchanged
and and stockers and feeders traded strons:
az S11 90 to S14.50. Choice fed heifers
reached $17.s5 and several loads Of good
Sl3.75.
Slaughter lembs were strong and prices
advanced 10 cents TO hit the highest level
otsae o. tae SeasoS & OtheI killing classes were
sold for S14.75 to SIS and a short deck
81 good and choice fed vearlinss scaling
96 pounds brought S12.75.
The $500 salable hogs sold early and
$500 went by direct shipment 10 pack
ers; Almost all crades Of barrows, gifts
ana sows brought the S14.s5 and Si4IU
ceiling prices.
salable. receipts included 11,0oo cattle
and 5000 sheep.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Washington Exchange

SALES.
Capital Transit Coo at 34H: 10 at
3tL; 10 at 34h.
Lanstou Monotype tnew)-9o at lT1a -
Capital Transit Co.-100 at 34A; 3 at
34k.
Hecht common-100 at 2sss.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
SupremeC Court0btains
Quorum for North
American Co.. Case
BY EDWARD C. STONE.

The Supreme Court has obtained
quorum to act on the long-pend-
ing litigation over the constitution
atty of the death sentence clause"
of the Public Utility Holding Com
pany Act.
The ruling was requested by the
North America Co. and the case
probably will be argued during the
week of November IL.
The ruling will be most important
and naturally will affect the status
of the Potomac Electric Power Co.
and the Washington Railway g.
Electric Co., two North American
subsidiaries, although company off,
cials did not care today to be quoted
on this point.
The quorum is made possible by
the addition OF Justice Burton to
the highest court.
Hughes Named Bank Director.
1t. Conldr. James J. Hughes,
U. S. N, retired, president of the
Terminal Refrigerating e. Ware
housing Corp. and the Consolidated
Terminal Corp, but best known as
the hero of the U. S. S. Panay
which was sunk by the Japs in the
Yangtze River on December IL, 1887,
was elected a director in the Ma
tional Bank of Washington at a
meeting of the board today.
Comdr. Hughes takes the place
on the board left vacant by the
late Simeon Price, who was also
president of the Terminal Refriger-
ating q Warehousing Corp. at the
time of his death. Mr.. Hughes be-
came head of that corporation last
June.
League Members Assets Soar.
With a gain of $50, 100000 in the
past year, assets of the 27 aSsocia-
tions in the District Building &
Loan League reached S240, $3.50, 1888
on September 80, a new alltime
peak. Secretary S. Wilson Camp
announced today.
Shareholders increased their bal
ances by SOS, 100000 during the IL
months, Mr.. Camp added. while as
sociation reserves were strengthened
by S2,420,000, touching a new high
mark of $2l 100000.
First mortgage loans on real prop
erty in the Metropolitan Area
climbed SIT 100000 in the year, now
accounting for S188, 100000 of the
combined resources. Holdings of
United States Government bonds
advanced to SAL ,925 900.
Secretary Camp added that ac-
tivity among home borrowers con-
tinued in September with total ad-
vances aggregating S5,340000.
Branch Manager.7Appointed.
Donald w. MoWbray, assistant
manager of the Southwest Branch
of the American Security & Trust
Co., has been elected an assistant
treasurer and placed in charge of
the Southwest Branch After at
tending the public schools, he gradu-
ated from Eastern High School in
1923, joining the trust company's
staff in the same year. He has held
many important positions in the
main Office and branches.
Lincoln Service Corp. reports net
earnings for the first nine months
of 1945 of $157,039, after provision
for preferred dividends and Federal
income taxes, or on basis Of 1888
a share on the common stock; as
compared with $l18,55734 or $203 a
share on the common stock for like
period of 1914
The first sale in Lanston Mono
type new stock was registered on the
Washington Stock Exchange today,
with 80 shares moving at 1712. The
final bid was II with 20 asked.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Market AVERAGES
New York Cotton

NEW YORK. Oct. II t4S.-Cotton futures
advanced more than a dollar bale today
INTO new seasonal high sround on active
mill and outside buying which met only
scale-up hedge selling. Buying was stim-
ulated by the poor crop prospects and ex-
the near future.
The closing out Of trading in the octo-
per- 1910, delivery at noon also lifted some
nouidating pressure OF the market. Prices
reacted partially from the best levels on
Late afternoon values were SIS cents to
81 a bale HIGHER, December, S3 &c: March
23 As, and May. 23.47.
Evening star., 1945-10-17
Odd-Lot Declines

FHILADELPHIA. Oct II fR.-The Sc
curittes Commission reported today these
dealers or specialists on the New York
stock Exchange for October 10: $3.50
purchases involving 2Q0.6l1 shares: o,057
20 short sales involving 664 shares.
Evening star., 1945-10-17

Hourly Sales on the EAchanss Today;
iI:0O am $40 900 1900 noon 700 600
100 p.u. J o4o 900 Q: pm geo 600
tUnit Of trading. 10 shares; sales printed
in full In bankruptcy or reccivership or
being organised under Bankruptcy Act, 81
securities assumed BY such Companies.
are annual disbursements based 81, last
quarterly or semi-annual declaration. Un-
less otherwise noted. special or extra divi.
n X rights Also extra or EXTRAS 5 Plus
stock DIVIDEND Cash or stock. Paid
last year. PAYABLE In stock. 8 Declared
Canadian funds. I. Accumulated diyidends
paid or declared this year.
Laurel outlook., 1945-09-12

Kansas Ferns
Ferns, 100 feet high, once grew In
Kansas.
Laurel outlook., 1945-09-12
AN ENLIGHTENED POSTWAR POLICY

American business knows that it's success after the war will
depend more than ever on its ability to well serve and please
the public. Many industries are spending a great deal of time
and money in providing facilities to teach their employees how
to meet and treat customers. Courtesy and interest In the
"buyer's problems" are essential to the success of business, and
they are equally important to the future OF every employee.
Without successful business, there are no permanent jobs, and
the attitude of workers toward the public can make or break
any business.
Examination of a program outlined for employees by the
Railway Express Agency is enlghtening. 1t reads almost like
a college catalogue.
Training g. 900 company workers would be a big task for
our largest colleges. In the express plan it becomes part OF the
days work. 1t is a never-ending process. A.. F. Hall, superln-
tendent of training, says: can organized program is success
full to the extent to which top management and all concerned
make it successful. We seek to accomplish the following OBJ
iectives from which both the worker and the company benefit:
Reduce loss and damage claims; reduce personnel injuries and
vehicle accidents; correct procedure errors; develop leadership
and help employees fit themselves for advancement; make serv-
ice more acceptable to the public"
If all business would follow a comprehensive service pro-
gram, a large part of the laws and regulations now passed to
protect the public, would be unnecessary. Voluntary action
always produces better results than compulslon.
Laurel outlook., 1945-09-12

and started down the Missouri to
meet Captain Lewis at the Great
Falls.
Captain Clark and party, now re-
duced to Is, proceeded eastward and
camped on the future site of Logan.
Following a buffalo road, they pass
ed through an easy gap in the
mountains (Bozeman pass) between
the Yellowstone and Gallatin rivers.
The route passed the future site of
Bozeman, striking the Yellowstone
near the present Livingston. The
feet of their horses becoming worn
and tender, moccasins were made
for them out of green buffalo hides,
which afforded pleasant relief.
Hunting was good, the mems bellies
were full and their spirits high.
Tributaries of the Yellowstone were
named Shields river and Bratton's
river (Bridger creek, for members
of the party.
Indians having stolen half of his
horses, Clark decided to proceed by
boat. On July "a the party en-
barked a few miles west of Clark's
Fork. Two canoes, % feet long,
made of cottonwood trees, were
dashed together and the party set
out on new adventures. Sergeant
Pryor and three men were directed
to drive the remaining horses TO
the Mandan village on the Missouri.
Ito be ~continued.)
Laurel outlook., 1945-09-12

Sept. 9, 1905 - The Lewis and
Clark expedition passed the present
sites of Florence and Carlton and
camped at what is now Lolo, in
northern. Ravalli county.
Sept. 10, 1905 - Hunting parties
were sent out as far as the present
site of Missoula. Contact was made
with the Flathead Indiass.
Sept. II, 1805-The party start
ed up Lolo creek, travelling seven
miles before camping.
Sept. IL, 1SO5-The explorers con
tinued up Lolo creek for % more
miles. The ground was covered
with frost.
Sept. 10, 1905 - The Lewis and
Clark expedition came to Lolo Hot
Springs and passed i've the divide
nv what is now known as Lolo pass,
leaving Montana to reach the Snake
river, the Columbia and their goal
Pacific ocean.
(The End.)