davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-17
long, slender tail leaves q light, curv-
ing mark in the snow.

long, slender tail leaves q light, curv-
ing mark in the snow.
Usually one comes upon the tracks
OF the red fox, 4 sly, quizzical, phil
osophical fellow. Reddy has q regu-
lar route to cover in winter. and the
brook bank is q favorite spot for in
vestigation. Yes, the rabbits have
been ont. Their distinctive trail is
etched deep in the snow. And likely
enough one can find the dainty, clo-
ven tracks Of the white tailed deer.
She has come from the evergreen
swamp in the pasture for her morn
ing drink. It is the heart of winter
in the country, but wild life goes on.
Along creek or brook is a good
place to read story of their activi-
ties when a fresh fall of snow has
dropped from the clouds.
Evening star., 1945-01-17
Test for Jap Army
By Maj. George Fieldins Eliot

1t is to be expected that the battle for
Luzon will bring the answer to one
question which has long been debated
in military circles-can the japanese
Army tight on equal terms, in large
scale operations, with the highly
equipped and mechanized army of q
western power?
So far, there has been no real test of
the japanese Army as against western
army. In Malaga the British were not
well equipped, they were outnumbered
and had very little air power, and were
lighting under definitely unfavorable
conditions. In the original invasion of
Luzon, the American forces could Ger
tainly not be considered fully equipped
and again were outnumbered, short OF
supplies and lacking in air power. Else
where the Pacific war, as far as ground
hghting goes, has been war Of detach-
ments. war Of jungle and mountain
lighting, war In which the Japanese
infantry has been able to exploit very
fully its best qualities without much
need for large-scale maneuver and for
the. extensive use OF supporting arms.
Perhaps the greatest test 50 far Of
oAAS ASesA VcSeAS0A 0OAAAVy Va 1AAC O0k0l1C0S
Army has been in Burma, and there the
japanese have not done well. Against
good British, American, Indian and
American trained Chinese troops, the
Japanese have shown decided lack of
skill in the use Of artillery, and such
armor as they have employed has been
used In small units, rather clumsily.
Their ir-ground cooperation has been
poor. Only their infantry has been Of
= quality commanding real respect.
t%x
II some tentative conclusions may be
drawn from the experience Of the Burma
campaign, they would be that the Japa-
nese ground -flghting team d deficient in
two Of its four essential members-artil-
lery and armor: that the third member,
the tactical air force, u likely to be
spotty and uncertain: and that the
Japanese infantry, though II will fight
well. win night under very severe handi-
caps when 1t is engaged Ia large scale
operations where the support Of the
other arms is essential to its success.
To be little more definite about
these japanese SHORTCOMINGS: The
Evening star., 1945-01-17
The Attack Everywhere

The spectacular operations of Ad-
miral Halsey's Third Fleet-nrst the
crushing blow at Formosan targets
a week ago Monday. then the shat
tering strike last Thursday against
enemy conveys of Indo-China a
thousand miles southwark. and next
the series of attacks on Hong Kong,
Swatow and Annoy along the Chinese
coast-are dramatic and significant
enough in themselves to hold our
undivided attention. Yet the war
has reached a stage where no great
single American or Allied battle ef-
fort can any longer monopolize the
headlines for more than q brief mo-
ment. the world being so girdled by
our several offensives that our eyes
are hardly fixed on one before they
are pulled back again to another
thousands. of miles in the opposite
direction.
Only a few weeks ago our hopes
and anxieties were riveted largely on
the Belgium Luxembourg front in
Western Europe. Then, suddenly.
with the Nazis finally stopped there,
the spotlight shifted to the other
side of the earth-to the island of
Luzon in the Philippines. to the
Americans who had just landed
there, and to the audacious and far
ranging forays of our Navy in the
Pacific. This development. with
its decisive bearing on the course of
the war against Japan. would ordi-
narily have gripped our interest to
the exclusion Of nearly every other
event. but our attention was called
once more to Western Europe where
our armies. having thwarted Won
Rundstedt, now wrested the initiative
Evening star., 1945-01-17
Country Brooks in Winter

Historians tell us that waterways
have served as travel routes since
man began to move about this
planet. Not only are they natural
trails for Homo sapiens; the wild
folk of the fields and woods use
them. Some, like muskrats. mink
and beaver, make them their homes
and depend on them for their food
Others like to hunt along them. or
come to them regularly for water.
In the heart of winter, when snow
lies over the land and the earth is
locked solid by frost, a tumbling
country brook or a slower moving,
meandering creek is a good place to
read stories in the snow. The best
time OF all is after light snow has
fallen during the night. Here are
the tracks of the stolid, whiskery
muskrat. His blunt, deep impress
sions show that he walked along
unhurriedly, dragging his tail behind
him. Wonder why the muskrat
swings his tail from side to side?
Must be he is fat and plump and
waddles along swinging his rump
from side to side
Here is where a mink came from
the water for morning look-see.
His prints are sharply defined His
feet are smaller than the muskrat's
and the imprints of the cruelty sharp
claws are distinct. He keeps his
claws much closer together The
mink is one of the most ferocious
and deadly fighters of the animal
world, but humans should remem-
ber that all wild life lives according
to natures law that ordains bal
ance among the various forms of
life. See! Here is where the little,
bright-eyed woodmouse fused about
under a clump of weeds. In her
suit of soft gray, she reminds one of
. tiny grandmother. She is quiet
and puttery in her motions. Her
Evening star., 1945-01-17

japanese artillery has q large number Of
lighter type guns-many of them horse
drawn, many Of them pack carried.
They do not compare well in range and
striking power with their American or
British opposite numbers. japanese
artillery officers are good at the battery
level. Their reconnaissance is well done,
their fire is well directed. But the
handling Of large groups of artillery
three or four batteries and upward
does not show the flexibility and skin
which is characteristic Of American ar
tillery command. Nor do the Japanese
appear to have the great numbers OF
medium and heavy guns and howitzers
which form part Of our own higher
organization; those they do have are of
older types than ours, with less efIicient
means Of movement and with less en-
cient f1re-control equipment. This
means that In a great battle the Japa-
nese guns would be Knocked out in
large numbers very early in the hight by
our superior artillery.
AZ to tanks, SO far rs Is known there
Is no such thing rs our armored division
In the Japanese organization. They do
have tanks, but these do not appear to
be organized in any unit larger than the
battalion. The terrific and flexible strik-
ing power of the American or British
armored division, with its combat teams
composed Of tanks, armored infantry
and self-propelled artillery, Is not avail
able to = Japanese general. Nor do the
japanese appear to have gone in for the
tank-destroyer on any large scale. It Is
hard to see how the Japanese can find 4
counter for this western advantage on
the plains Of Luzon, or on the plains Of
China for that matter.
II
In tactical air power, the Japanese
deficiency Is initially one Of their short-
age Of overall air strength. They can
not meet u In the air because they are
unable to produce in any theater Z
sufncient amount Of air power to estab-
lish even local and temporary air su-
periority. We always have or can ret
the Jump on them.
Hence their air reconnaissance, their
interdiction, and their direct support
Of ground units the principal missions
Of tactical air power-all must suffer
toopyrisht, 1sxS)
Evening star., 1945-01-17
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

that they will be treated as 4 sort of
American colony. They declare they
are not ready for self-government and
welcome, rather than resist, the thought
of being ruled"
Furthermore, they consider they have
been ruled by foreigners. They don't
regard Hitler (the Austrian) and his
crowd as real Germans. The Nazis have
cut the German people OF from their
own history and cultural traditions. A
weaver's daughter thought Bismarck
was some sort of poet and Goethe
"a musician" One youngster said, I'VE
live under the yoke OF the Germans"
and showed plainly he regarded the
Nazis as some sort of outside and
foreign" form of government.
The Army Investigators found no be-
lief in the racial theory. Young girls
when asked whether they would marry
Frenchmen, Russians or Amedicans al
most invariably replied this would only
depend on whether they loved the man.
When asked about marrying Jews they
expressed the same attitude. Many of
them had never known q Jew, but some
said, when the Jews were here they
had stores and you could buy things.
Now you can buy nothing in the stores"
The persecution of the Jews was primi-
lively associated with their economic
misery.
They were distressed by our nom
determination policy. Many of them
hoped We would pick up Nazis and pun
ish them instead of treating all Ger
mans alike"
Most surprising was the attitude of
the young-of the "teen-agers," includ-
ing members Of the Hitler youth. "They
want some kind Of freedom. They don't
know thing about democracy, but they
will tell you they want liberty. They
admire the Americans because We have
such great resources and are winning
the war. Instead Of hating us for beat
Ing them they admire us As victors al
most rs though their own people were
not concerned"
They discovered the population divid-
ed itself into three groups. The people
over 40 are what they were before Hitler
came into power. They have simply sat
out" the NaM regime, as though it were
= transitory nightmare. The middle
group between 20 and 40 contains the
fanatic Nazis, many Of whom are be-
yong change" But the teen-age young
sters. who have grown up in the midst
OF war. are not beyond redemption.
0eleased By the Bell Syndicate, Ine)
Evening star., 1945-01-17

from him and began to send him
reeling in 4 costly retreat. And final-
ly Is We thus kept turning our heads
first toward the Far East and then
toward the Ardennes and then back
again to the Far East. the long
dormant Eastern European front at
last blazed and thundered into ac-
tion. with the Red Army smashing
westward at several pointsLparticu-
larry toward Krakow in Southern
Poland-in what the Germans have
described as "the biggest offensive OF
all time" along line extending 900
miles from north to south.
Not since the war began has there
been anything like this simultaneous
striking of American and Allied air.
sea and land power on such major
scale in 80 many widely separated
and equally important theaters OF
action. In effect. all our different
offensives are now merged into 4
single global offensive, and the di-
mensions Of this awesome and un-
paralleled display of our Joint mill
tary might have not yet reached
their limits; for at any moment they
may be extended not merely to in
clude an enlargement of operations
IN Western, Eastern and Southern
Europe, but also to include landings
against the enemy in Malaga and
Singapore and in China itself-in
moves already foreshadowed by Brit
ish advances in Burma and by the
blows being struck by Admiral Hal
sey's Third Fleet.
The United Nations, in short. are
on the attack everywhere and that
attack will almost certainly mount
steadily in tempo and fury until the
Nazis and the Japanese. trapped and
mortally wounded. will be able to
fight no more. As Allies we have
thus worked exceedingly well to-
gether in waging the war. and II We
have profited mutually in that sense
AS we obviously have-we ought
surely to see how advantageous it
will be to all of us to cooperate
similarly in waging the peace.
Evening star., 1945-01-17

have been following as closely as I
can reports from inside Germany re-
garding the state of mind of the Ger
man people and the interviews with
German prisoners of war. With no
self-righteousness I may say they do
not surprise me; but they do not support
in the least the monolithic theory Of
solid bloc of Germans, all Nazis, sue
cessfully indoctrinated.
The most exhaustive report have
seen was given by the correspondent of
the Overseas News Agency by its re-
porter on the Aachen sector. He inter-
viewed an intellectual task force" Of
the area as part of the psychological
warfare branch" of the Sd Army group.
These three men, DR.. Saul K. Padover,
DR.. Paul Sweet and Lewis F. Gitler, are
American authorities on Germany; two
Of them are professors Of German his
tory; all speak German fluently They
did not follow the conventional ques-
tionnaire formula used with prisoners
of war. AS an old reporter, who has had
hundreds of interviews, know the
question formula Is abso-
lutely useless as a means Of penetrating
another persons mind. A stereotyped
question brings a stereotyped answer.
The only effective form Of interview is to
conduct conversation; to sit down and
talk together.
This these three professors did The
result knocked their own preconceived
notions haywire.
They talked with railroad workers,
printers, bookkeepers, factory hands,
housewives, grocers, policemen, Nazi
party members, doctors, actors, Hitler
youth and even with the carpenter
father Of an SIS man.
To be sure they talked with civilians
who had disobeyed Nazi orders to
evacuate Aachen. But the disobedience,
they found, was not primarily political.
They did not want to leave their homes
and become refugees in the Reich in
terror.
The sum total of the conversations
was the revelation Of an all but total
collapse OF German nationalism. The
NaM party by removing every political
function and responsibility from the
people has left political vacuum. The
nation became the party and whoever
did not belong to the party had no
nation! DR.. Padover said, THE Ger
mans don't want to govern themselves
and in dozen different ways they ex-
pressed the same idea: they regard Ger
many's future as an Allied problem.
One after another expressed the hope
Evening star., 1945-01-17
Wind Sonu

Oh, the south tpind is bright blue ,pind
That blotcs from cloudless sky,
And yellotp tpind Is the nellosr ,uind
That piles the sunset high.
4 cold grey icind tOith toggy breath
ls the east tcind, stern IN might
But q biting ,Disd and shifting mind
Is the north scixd, starkly s0hite.
BlosO gently, blue soind. ,carm and
bright!
o yellosD irisd, be midi
For sailing orer triHd-siDspt seas
Is one loue-nsy child.
o grey sDind, hold your foggy breath
And keep the sea lanes cledr
Restrain your might, o strong white
Wind!
He stiH II young and dear.
MOISE WADE HACKETT.
Evening star., 1945-01-17
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

Late reports from Greece indicate that
while the truce sighed with the ELIAS
forces will hold good 80 far Is Athens
and Atttca Province are concerned, 1t
may not apply to Salonika, where Indian
troops are in control Of the harbor and
the water front but do not control the
rest Of the city or the railway toward
Skepje.
There is strong possibility that more
lighting viii flare up In Salonika, which
is considered by the Athens government
as part and parcel Of Greece while the
Macedonians regard it as the capital Of
their newly created republic.
The signing Of the armistice has by no
means ended the delicate situation In
Greece unless the British government
and the regency accept the solution of
yielding the important portions in
Northern Greece to Macedonia.
All the states from the Adriatic to the
Black Sea are striving, under the i'm
petus of the Russian armies of occupa-
tion and of the Moscow puppet, Marshal
Tito, to create Balkan federation. Tito
is willing to submit the whole matter to
a popular vote since the Russian forces
Of occupation, estimated ut more than
900 men, would be as much entitled
to vote as the natives of these liberated"
countries.
This has been done in the past in
connection with the Baltic states when
after their occupation by Red divisions
in 1910 they were plebescited into the
USSR.
Soon after the withdrawal Of the Ger
mans from the Balkans, Marshal Tito
got in touch with the new Moscow
sponsored Bulgarian government and
went to work on the creation of Bal
kan federation, along the pattern Of
the Soviet Union. In order to COM
plete the picture and make the new
federation watertight, he conceived the
idea of q Macedonian republic with
territories belonging in the past to
Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece He de-
cided to revive state which had ceased
to exist after the death of Alexander
the Great in the year 1923 BIC.
The Tito or Moscow sponsored
Macedonians now claim Salonika, the
second most important port in the
Eastern Mediterranean, as their cap
ital. From the time the Germans
evacuated the city flags with the ham
mer and sickle were hoisted on the
main buildings. During the battles in
Athens the position of the Indian troops
Evening star., 1945-01-17
Two Viewpoints
. Great Bend Tribune

From the Great Bend Tribune
Speaking Of viewpoints. Walter Reu-
ther. vice president Of the United Auto
Workers (C1O), says, I'VE can in Amer
lea, on the basis of 30-hour-week,
create all the wealth that We could be-
fore the war on the basis of q 40-hour-
week. We have made that much tech
nical progress during the war. Now, as
We develop, the standard of living in
other countries viii come up"
We pause to give the floor to Eric A.
Johnston. president Of the United States
Chamber Of Commerce: II want to raise
the standard OF living of the people of
America, and do not believe you will
raise the standard Of living on a 30
hour week. II you carry such q pro-
gram to Its conclusion, nobody should
work at all. and then all OF us would
be rich"
Evening star., 1945-01-17
s WEDNESDAY, January IL, I945
Strengthening Congress

If helpful changes can be devised
to make more efficient the legisla-
tive functioning of Congress, as much
pressure must come from the out
side, through expressions of public
sentiment, as from the members of
Congress themselves.
An encouraging sign of this senti-
ment is a report made public today
by the National Planning Associa-
tion. 1t represents a very carefully
considered effort by citizens. actu-
ated by unselfiSh desire for better
government, to suggest certain tan
gible steps which would, in the spirit
and the wording of the recommended
tionS, strengthen the Congress-.
The report reflects highly sympa-
thetic understanding of the respon-
Sibilities as well as the difficulties
under which the peoples representa-
tives now labor.
Some of its recommendations may
be considered as impracticable. Ira
dition and custom are hard to
change, and only very convincing
demonstration of potential improve
ment will substitute new methods
for those which are the product of a
natural evolution of ideas and ex-
perience. The report condemns the
seniority system. but offers no sub
stitute. 1t places an unfortunate en-
phasis on 5000 as the desirable
salary for Congressman instead of
proving the inadequacy of present
compensation. But the report is
sound in its general thesis that the
nature and problems of the times
have outmoded the existing con-
gressional machinery. Congressman
are inadequately supplied with as
sistants, there are too many stand
ing committees, too many details
are loaded on individual members.
The chief value of the report,
however, is not the specifications it
offers. It's value lies in stimulating
discussion of an important subject,
increasing popular interest in Con-
gress as the bulwark of popular gov
ernment One OF it's sound recon-
mendations, really adequate sys-
tenn Of retirement for Congressman,
properly should come from the peo-
Pile, rather than from members of
Congress themselves. And when the
advantages of such system are ex-
planned, Congressman need feel no
self conscious hesitancy in adopt
Ing a system that will relieve them,
and their successors, from type of
economic pressure which too easily
may become predominant influ-
ence in their decisions on important
questions of public policy.
Senator Maloney's death yester-
day is loss to the Senate and to
the people Of his State. He was a
highly promising member of the
group of younger members of the
Senate who are becoming increas-
ingly aware of the need for some
change away from methods doubt
fully capable of meeting present
needs. AS one of the sponsors of
legislation for reorganization OF
Congress, it must have been gratify-
ing to Senator Maloney to know, be-
fore he died. that the movement
with which he identified his name
will continue to live after him.
Evening star., 1945-01-17

Politico-Military Note: japanese
Conveys to the Philippines are re-
ceiving far rougher treatment in
ls45 than japanese ENJOYS to Wash
ington in 1941.
Evening star., 1945-01-17

Night life in our big cities may be
somewhat subdued by the war-but
for practical purposes it compares
favorably with the noisy night life
Of Berlin and Tokyo when the heat
Is on.
Evening star., 1945-01-17

"a force not exceeding 10000 men
was precarious, and only the timely ar
rival Of reinforcements from the Middle
East prevented clash with the Mace
donian forces Of liberation"
The ELIAS forces now have withdrawn
from Attica. They refused to surrender
their arms and are ready to help the
oMacedonians In the f,lrtherance Of their
Tito Cor Moscow inspired national aims.
The mountainous area in Greece,
which is slated to become one Of the
component parts of Macedonia, is not
particularly interesting to the British.
But Salonika is. In the event 1t becomes
the capital Of q newly-created state
which is q member of the Balkan fed
Grafton under the influence of Russia,
Britain's lines Of communication with
the Empire may become threatened.
In the last few months the foreign
policy Of the Churchill cabinet was con-
centrated on safeguarding these vital
lines. and number Of compromises
were effected for that purpose.
Britains unfortunate Intervention In
Greece was not prompted by any desire
to restore King George to his throne
but to prevent the establishment Of .
Communist and consequently MOSCOW
sponsored government in Athens. Such
government, under the influence of
Moscow, would have become q menace
to Britain's nerve center" in the East
ern Mediterranean. In order to safe
guard her vital interests, Prime Minister
Churchill withstood q storm OF criticism
from his own countrymen and from the
United States.
In the armistice signed with the ELIAS
nothing is known to have been said in
regard to Salonika. It is true that
the British forces in Salonika have been
strengthened in the last four weeks. But
the fact that the ELIAS forces have
withdrawn from Attica with all their
arms places the Salonika position in q
new light The ELIAS may join the
Macedonian army of liberation and soon
We may be confronted with a new and
not unexpected crisis in the Balkans.
The Moscow government is not in
volved directly in this matter. As q
matter Of fact, Moscow kept out Of the
somewhat bitter exchanges of views be-
tween London and Washington In regard
to Greece But Marshal Tito is more
active now than formerly, and he is
determined to see that the Balkan
federation becomes q reality.
Evening star., 1945-01-17

We cannot help wishing that DR..
Watson would tell us how Sherlock
Holmes would solve our greatest
economic mystery, the Case Of the
Vanished Cigarette"