davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.
@. What ship fired the first shot
against the Japanese in the current
war?-M. c. G.
A. The U. S. S. Ward, destroyer
transport is believed to have fired
the first shot on December 7, 1941,
at an enemy submarine in the
Pacific.
@. Where do the robins winter?--
R. P. r.
A. The American robin usually
winters no farther south than the
southern part of the United States.
In fact. the robin is hardy bird
and will occasionally be seen spend
ing the winter even as far north as
! Southern New England.
@. How was John Paul Jones body
| identified?-K. E. w.
A. When the body was exhumed,
eminent scientists of the United
States and of France conducted an
investigation to identify it. The
life-size Houdon bust of John Paul
Jones and the photograph of the
body taken after the examination
were compared.
@. What is the salary of men,
Der of Congress? Was the salary
reduced during the depression?-T
T. E.
A. Senators and Representatives
receive $4,000 year. For short
period during the depression years
the members had a salary cut first
of 10 per cent making the salary
SO 600, then another cut making the
salary $500.
@. When was the term "ice cream"
first used?--G. E. U.
A. 1t cannot be definitely stated.
The term is found in an advertise
ment in the New York Gazette of
May 10, 1777,' by Philip Lenze who
described himself as ''confectioner
from London"
@. Can wounded soldier begin
his vocational training while still In
the nOSplCal!-G. II. T..
A. A wounded man brought home
from overseas is first sent to a gen
eral hospital best suited to the spe-
cial type of treatment he requires
and when sufficiently recovered is
removed to a convalescent hospital.
While in the convalescent hospital
he can take a course of vocational
training which will equip him to
return to civilian life
@. Is the Coast Guard included in
the Nays VS., VT and Viz pro-
grams?-H. L. H.
A. The Coast Guard does not par
ticipate in these programs except
for Viz medical or dental graduate
work.
@. May veteran obtain a guar
anty on loan for the purpose of
paying off a mortgage on the home
he owns and occupies?-L. K.
A. He cannot obtain a loan guar
anty unless the existing mortgage
has matured and is in default.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
Advertising Council
Seeks World Aid in
Lasting Peace Drive
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
NEW YORK, Mar. 20.-A Nation
wide information campaign to create
public interest in the urgent need
for American cooperation with
other countries to assure permanent
peace was announced today by the
War Advertising Council.
Messages dealing with facts about
international cooperation, contrib
uted by business concerns, are to be
distributed through the medium OF
advertising, according, to prelim-
mary plans. The program has beer
developed as a result Of consultation
with experts in foreign relations, in
Guiding State Department of11cials
economists and business leaders
journalists and non-Government
organizations devoted to the study
of international problems.
A volunteer group of advertising
men already has been formed tc
prepare copy for the campaign. The
committee is headed by Ted Patrick
OF Compton Advertising, Inc, and
includes Edward Dexter of Compton
Walter Nield, Young 81 Rubicam;
Howard Newton, j. M. Mathes, Inc
and Silas Splitter, Weber & He'll
broner.
James w. Young, chairman of the
War Advertising Council, said the
program would be conducted as q
Inonpartisan affair, under the as
sumption that the general problem
of world cooperation is a matter OF
interest to both major political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
French Delegate Hits
U.S.. on Indo-China
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, Mar. 20.-Gaston Mon
nerville, Martinique delegate, de-
clared yesterday that the French
Consultative Assembly should guard
against what he described as Amer
lean attempts to control or inter-
nationalize French Indo-C China.
His speech in the assembly was
the strongest attack on the United
States since Frances liberation.
Describing some proposals for in
ternational mandates as modern
lied Wilsonianism," M. Monnerville
said the United States, instead OF
being isolationist, now has entered
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20

parties and to 30 per cent Of the
American people, according to re-
cent polls.
eve do not intend to assume the
role of advocate for the Dumbarton
Oaks proposals or any other spe-
cific world organization plan," Mr.
Young said. Our sole objective is
to get before the people the fact that
no durable international plan to
wipe out wars can hold together
unless 1t is backed by strong and
continuing public opinion"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20

the market for mandates with its
eye particularly on West Africa,
where people talk Of the necessity
Of air and naval bases for collective
security"
"The United States pretends that
the attitude Of Vichy toward Indo-
China proves that France aban-
doned Indo-Chin to the Japanese
to use as a base for her Gapan's)
further conquests," he said. But
we repeat that the France of the re-
sistance has nothing in common
with the France of Vichy."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
ByLoweU MeHeft

John Lewis saw Petrillo getting
away with 1t, so he asks 10 cents
on every ton of coal. want to stop
1t now, before it becomes a general
tax on consumers"
So saying, Chairman Bailey of the
Senate Commerce Committee has
written a bill to outlaw the collec-
ton by labor organizations of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20

royalties on the
things they pro-
duce. The Amer
lean public is
certain to SYM
pathize with the
Senator's pur-
pose. This is not
only because the
public wishes to
pay no more for
coal. It is because
the a v e r a g e
pc r S o ne senses
in t h e pro-
posed exaction a
definite threat
tn free living in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
On the Other Hand
Senator Bailey Opens Up Real Issue
In Effort to Halt Lewis ROYALTY Demand

recent years and the men in that
division would come running If the
Senator should call them. They
could show him abuses Of the royal
prerogative that would shock him.
abuses that cost American consum-
ers more than any royalty the min
ers could possibly attach to the coal
we burn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-20
Answers to
Questions

A reader can get the answer to any
question of fact by writing The Eve
ming Star Information Bureau, 316
street NE, Washington 2. d. c. Please
inclose 3 cents for return postage.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

1t is believed at present BY the
best medical authorities that a per
son may inherit a predisposition or
weakness to cancer, but lot the can
Ger itself. Some other factor or
factors must operate in addition to
this weakness to produce the disease.
One such factor is thought to BE-
chronic irritation.
For instance, if two young mel.
started the habit of pipe smoking at
the age Of 20, one It the age Of so
might develop a tongue cancer or
, lip M at the exact point of con-
tact with the hot pipe stem or the
irritating smoke. The other might
go on smoking until he reached the
age Of 106. He right in fact lis.
pipe smoking as one of the causes
of his good health and longevity.
On the other hand, had neither Of
these men started smoking, neither
would have developed a mouth can
GER. The unlucky fellow who die
develop this disease did so because
he had inherited a predisposition or
weakness to it to which he added :
source of chronic irritation. The
other smoker wa subjected to Z
chronic irritation but was resistent
to the development Of cancer.
Obviously we cannot change our
inheritance, but we can control ir-
ritations. We can see that dental
plates are properly fitted, that the
mouth is kept clean and hat all
sources of chronic irritation in the
body ore eradicated. Venereal in
fectionS should be cleared up immec-
lately and not permitted to linger ov
er a period of years. General pers-
onal hygiene and cleanliness are 81
lent but effective partners in the
fight against cancer.
After having babies, mothers
should always stay under the doc
tors care until they are discharged.
Many women feel that once the baby
is born nature will adequately take
care OF the healing processes. AS
a result many such women carry the
unhealed injuries OF childbirth with
them year after year and this acts
as a dangerous source of cancer ir-
ritation.
The belief that cancer is contag-
ious has NO foundation in truth
Doctors and nurses handle cancer
patients daily with no protection
) whateevr. Cancers are handled
with the naked hand in routine ex-
~aminations and there is no case on
record Of a human being catching
I! cancer. AS a local wit put it re-
Gently You do not catch cancer,
cancer catches you.
For further information apply tc
your local American Cancer Society
= or to the national office at $50 18th
avenue, New York City.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

the Negro press and covering act
ivities of Negro soldiers, Major
Roberts travelled more than 46, OOO
miles in the continental United STAG
es and more than 1900 air miles
over Europe and North Africa.
A native of Wellington, Kansas,
Major Roberts attended the State
Agricultural College at Manhattan,
Kansas where he majored in elect
rical engineering. At the beginning
of World War II he was co-owner
Of an automobile sales firm in Chi
cago, Illinois
Major Roberts plans to return to
civilian life within the next few days
as head Of the Detroit, Michigan
office Of a national advertising a.
gency.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

livery farmer and rancher, every
person connected with the food
and agricultural industry in these
United States from producer to
professor, and citizens generally,
should watch with deep interest the
meeting of the food and agriculture
organization of the United Nations
In Quebec, starting October 16.
This is the first of the permanent
new United Nations agencies to be
launched after the end Of hostilities.
which marks the importance at
tached to its deliberations by our
government and the governments of
all the "A United Nations. AS this
is written, the list Of American dele
gates to the conference has not been
announced. 1t is likely, however,
thai the delegates from the United
States will be headed by Howard
-TaIey OF the department Of agricul-
ture, who has acted as the United
States representative on the Interim
commission of the organization.
The food and agricultural or
~ganization ratified by the "A ma
tons at San Francisco is part
and parcel, and a most impor-
ant function of the United
Nations organization. 1t Is not
a relief agency. Its aim A. to i'm
prove world agriculture and to
inc. case ferd rroduction; to
provide a higher standard Of diet
and raise the levels of nutri-
ticn and the standards of living
throughout the world all of
which is intended to contribute
to an expanding world economy.
The organization will likely set up
machinery which will function for
world agriculture and production
much like our own department Of
agriculture functions in the United
States -. in an advisory capacity,
passing along scientific development
the dissemination of agricul-
tural knowledge technical in
formation and the results of sci
entifc agricultural research to
aid in setting up agencies in all the
A countries for combating soil ero-
sion, to improve soil and crops, to
develop better livestock to
take into consideration ~reforestation
Z. rural electrificatio farm
to market roads exploration Of
new sources of food to provide
better tools for primitive farmers
to increase production attention
to surplus crops and a better dis
tribution Of these crops and many
other subjects necessarily attendant
to the huge and complicated task OF
providing more and better food for
a world and its population rayished
by years Of total war.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20
Not Enough Land

There are now about 1900, 000, 900
human beings populating this old
world on which we live. and the ex-
pertS predict hat at present rate
Of increase there will be a billion
more by the end of the century
These experts further point out that
there are at present only about A.
600, 600, 900 r OF arabic land in
use, which is less than 2A acres
per capita. Even in our own coun-
try there is only a fraction more
than sever acres per capita in farm
lands, including woodlands and pas
ture lands. If we would take into
account only the crop lands har-
vested, approximately 321, ESQ. 900
acres, our per capita acreage would
just about equal the world aver
age.
So without an expanding acreage
of arabic lands, without basic re-
sources in India. in China, in Rus
STA and many other countries, such
as we have in this country, the ex
perts say that the world will con-
tinue to produce insufficient food to
feed its billions of humans.
What the representatives OF
theSe "A nations . . . what our
w delegation does at Quebec
to commit this country to a pro-
gram of world agricultural re-
Mobilization will determine in
large Measure whether we as a
people were honest when we sub
scribed to the Atlantic charter
and the charter of the United
Nations at San Francisco.
For with this charter in exist
ence and binding upon us with
u nation emerging from the war
as the most fortunate, the most pow
erful with a new conception
and in a new position as the lead
er of the world the time has
passed when we can watch the peo-
pie of India, China or any other
nation starving, and salve our con-
science with a check to some relief
society.
Two-thirds Of the people of the
world are farmers. These hundreds
of millions are striving to raise food
on worn out land.
And from the selfish few comes
the comment: Why should we help
the rest of the world raise food
when there continues to be surplus in
our own crops?" And the answer.
Of course. is that win roper dis
tribution; that with the rest Of the
world eating and living on a par
with our diet: there would be
no surplus, with a continuing ex-
panding world economy calling al
ways for increasing production.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20
ASK POLL TAX EXEMPTIONS
FOR ALL VETERANS

New York-Poll tax exemption
for all veterans. regardless of race,
colo: or creed, asked by the Mime
apol.s American Legion Post, is a
hopeful sign in the Legion'S rela-
tiors with Negro veterans, accord
ing to julius A. Thomas, National
Urban League Industrial Relations
Director. The Minneapolis. Mime
sofa Johnny Baker Post No. 291 has
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

STUDENTS DEMONsTRATIoN IN
BUENOS AIRES Buenos Aires
Argentina, (Soundphoto) A shower
of leaflets shower upon Moreno
Street in Buenos Aires from stud
entS atop the Engineering Building
of the University during one Of the
recent demonstrations which led to
Juan Peron's resignation.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

IS DECORATED FOR MERIT
ORIOUS PUBLIC
RELATIONS SERVICES
Major Homer B. Roberts, since
August, 1913, Chief of the Negro
Interest Section, Press Branch, War
Department Bureau Of Public Rela-
tons, received the Legion of Merit
for exceptionally m~eritorious' ser
vices in the establishment and malr-
tenance of effective Public Relations
on behalf Of Negroes in the Army
the War Department announced
Major General Alexander d
Surles, Director of Information,
presented the award to Major Rob
erts at a brief ceremony held in his
offices in the Pentagon Building,
Washington, DC.
Following is the official citation {:
Major Homer B. Roberts per-
formed exceptionally m~eritorious
service while assigned to the War
Department Bureau of Public Re-
lations from August 1913 to Sept
ember 1915 AS Chief Of the Ne
gro Interest Section, Press Branch
he ably contributed to the estab-
lishment and maintenance of effect-
i've public relations on behalf Of the
Negroes i'll the army and rendered
service OF great value to the War
Department through the institution
OF adevuate publicity on the per-
Torrance Of Negro troops.
Major Roberts displayed an out
standing knowledge of the problems
of the Negro soldier and exercised
sound judgment in meeting these
problems, with favorable results il.
the press, on the radio, and through
other media, resulting in assistance
Of the greatest value to the war eff
fort"
A veteran Of the World War, Ma
jor Roberts first enlisted in the
Army as a private in December, 1917
and served overseas with the 92nd
Infantry Division where he was ell
evated to a first L~ieutenancv in the
Signal Corps AT the conclusion
OF the war he returned to his auto
mobile business in Kansas City,
Missouri, which was considered as
n OF the most successful busin>
eSs ventures in the city.
Reporting for duty as a captain
in ctober 3, 1912, Major Roberts
was assigned as Public Relations
Officers and Commanding Officer
of the Military Police Detachment
at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. While
in this capacity with the Corps OF
Military Police, he prepared and
distributed to the press many new
releases on the activities of Negro
soldiers at Fort Huachuca.
In recognition Of his efforts in
this direction he was ordered to the
Bureau of Public Relations in Wash
ington' DC, where he set up the
Negro Interest Section in the Press
Branch Of the News Division. The
Negro Interest Section provides a
weekly press service for interested
newspapers.
In maintaining close liasion with
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20

Contrary to the
belief Of most peo-
pie cancert is NOT
an inherited or con-
tagious disease.
Many persons in
whose families there
has occurred a cam
Ger death, live with
the quiet fear that
sooner or later a
similar fate will
overtake them.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20


just passed a resolution to be pres
ented to it's National Convention in
Chicago in November. demanding
that all ~honorably discharged vet
e"ans Of World War III. regardless
of race, creed or color, be exempt
ed from all poll tax payments
Grandfather's clauses. and all o-har
local restrictions and requirements
to the end and purpose that such
honorably discharged veterans be
enabled hereafter to exercise their
voting franchise under the intent
and provision of the Constitution"
This action came after the Fifth
District American Legion, Depart
ment of Minnesota. took the m tt-
ter up with State Legion officials.
the Minneapolis Spokesman report
ed, with presentation Of the r~esolu-
ton to be made 20 Minnesota state
caucus delegates 1t Tie Nati,nal
Convention.
LEAGUES READE 'rO SUPPORT
"Fifty-one Local Leagues thrort
the country" Thorlls stated. ARE
ready to cooperate in supporting
this anti-pon tax lction." The In
dustrial Relations Director r,nphas-
lied hat the Urban League mad
I, several months agn recommended
to American T5zip, officials that
its constitution be changed TO per
nit Negroes to become members OF
the Legion in the seven southern
states which not only exclude them
| but which do not even permit them
to organize separate posts. The
League also proposed hat Negro
officials be added to the Legion's
national staff.
The Omaha guide., 1945-10-20
you CAN'T CATCH


(by DR.. JOHN f. MOSELEY)
Assistant Radiologist at Mt. Sinai
and Sydenham Hospitals Chair
man Harlem Committee, Ameri-
can Cancer Society
Evening star., 1945-01-12
William N. Wright Heads
Silver Sprinq Trade Unit

William M. Wright has been
elected president of the Silver
Spring Board of Trade, succeeding
John r. Pagan.
Proprietor of Wright's Jewelry
Store, Mr.. Wright Is director of the
Silver Spring USO, a member OF
the Silver Spring Lions Club, treas
urer of the Aero Club of Maryland
Shriner and a member of the
Masonic Lodge.
Other new officers are James
McCann, vice president; w. S. Saw
yer, secretary, and John L. Magnus
treasurer. Directors elected are w
E. Bowman, Mr.. Pagan, Lee H
Robinson, D. K. Staley and G
Bailey Scrimgeour.
Mr.. Pagan was presented a per
and pencil set by Donald Staley, re-
tiring secretary, on behalf of the
membership of the Board of Trade
New members of the group in
clude Oden Eichelberger, George w
Price, Fred Taylor, Henry j. Hoff-
man, Einar B. Christensen, Henry
w. Lowe, Wilbur Martin and VIII
liam Sanford.
Evening star., 1945-01-12
Transit Bond Sale
AT 9Szz Is Approved

The Capital Transit Co. today had
, the approval Of the Public Utilities
Commission to accept a bid of SO u
per cent OF the par value of a pro-
posed $12 100000 bond issue.
- The PUG late yesterday author
lied the company to accept the bid
offered by a syndicate headed by
Alexander Brown & Sons of Balti-
more, whose earlier bid of 97k was
rejected in December by the PUG
: and Securities and Exchange Com
mission. The SEC has not vet
passed on the new bid
After reviewing briefly the his
tory of the bond issue, the pUC's
order merely stated that "the conn
mission finds that the approval of
the application of the Capital iran
sit Co. is in the public interest !,
The last bid was rejected as being
too low.
r The company also has authority
to borrow $2,500,000. With the bonds
: and bank loans, together with the
use OF cash on hand, the transit
company proposes to retire about
&l8. 900 600 of long-term debts The
reflnancing program is designed to
eliminate large cash requirements
for debt retirements now scheduled
for 1947 and 1851.
Evening star., 1945-01-12
|OPAtoSet Up Complaint Office
At Every Market in MARYLAND

IprehenSive check completed within
the last week IN every Maryland
public market showed that in Balti-
more alone IS per cent of the stalls
checked either did not have ceiling
prices posted or had them improp-
Herly posted.
Our experience has shown" he
continued, that lack Of proper post
ing IS particularly conducive to un-
restricted overcharging."
OF all items checked In the nine
Baltimore markets during the latest
survey, price violations were de-
tected on up to IS per cent. Mr.. Nc
Cormick reported. with violations
averaging 10 per cent overcharge.
He said meats sold as much as 10
cents per pounds over ceiling prices
and bananas, with q ceiling price Of
u cents, as high as 80 cents per
pound.
Evening star., 1945-01-12
Post Service Officers
Called 10 Legion Farley

American Legion post service Of
ficers from Is posts in Virginia {
eighth district will meet Sunday at
Gadsby's Taven In Alexandria for 4
conference on veterans rehabilita-
tion.
r. Clinton knight, member Of
Alexandria Post a, Is chairman OF
the eighth districts Rehabilitation
Committee and . member Of the
national committee.
He said that Glen Elliot, depart
ment adjutant. and q member Of
the National Rehabilitation Com
mittee, would meet with the post
representatives at the all-day ses-
sion to discuss the rights and bene-
hts Of veterans under the Veterans'
Administration.
The National Rehabi bilitation Com
mittee, which meets four times .
year, will meet next month IN
Washington.
Evening star., 1945-01-12
Montgomery Refuse
Collection Studied

The Washington Suburban Sani-
tary Commission today was trying
to find means by which twice-weekly
collections of refuse in Montgomery
County might be continued in the
face of manpower shortages and
unfavorable weather conditions.
j. Donald Clagett, commission
member, said recent bad weather
plus increasing manpower difficult
ties may make twice-weekly collec-
ton impossible. He said the COM
mission now is able only to MAIN
tain skeleton collection crews.
Mr.. Clagett said the commission
has temporarily rejected plan to
require Montgomery County house
holders to deposit their refuse at
the curb in front of their homes
for collection because it was felt that
residents would rather have collec-
tions from the back of their houses
even at less frequent intervals.
He said that if this plan were
adopted it would enable the COM
mission to continue the twice.
weekly collections and also would
permit the commission to lower the
collection cost to the householder
from the present 81 so month to 81