davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-13
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

victory at the polls in 1916 Gov Dewey
of New York is expected to run for
reelection to his present Office. Capt.
Harold E. Stassen, United States Ma
val Reserve, former Governor of Min
nesota, to whom a number of delegates
were pledged in the 1914 preconvention
campaign, may or may not feel the urge
to seek support at the polls, although
he is reported to be toying with the
idea Of going back to private practice
of law and to writing, for the next year
or two He has his war service to fall
back upon, as we'll as the important
part played as an American dele
gate to the San Francisco United Ma
tions Conference this year. 1t Is not
now considered likely he will seek the
nomination against Senator Shipstead.
The latter Is expected to be candi-
date to succeed himself. He has been
q great vote-getter in the past, and If
he and Stassen or Representative Judd
were opponents, the issue of American
cooperation with the rest of the world
would be joined-for Shipstead voted
against the United Nations.
Another Republican, who is more and
more in the private discussions of pos
sible Republican presidential nominees,
is Senator Vandenberg of Michigan. He,
too, is up for denomination and re-
election next year. Senator Vanden-
berg is both q Republican power and
a powerhouse in the Senate. Senator
Taft of Ohio, who may get into the
presidential race-he was runnerup
against Willkie in 1940-does not have
to stand for reelection next year.
The Republicans may turn, of course,
to some new leader. neither a Cover
nor nor a member of Congress. He may
be a veteran of the war-like Gen.
Douglas Macarthur. 1t Is too early to
make positive prediction. But it is quite
apparent that the l946 elections are
likely to have considerable effect upon
what goes on in the race for nomina-
ton in 1948.
Mr.. Bricker is a favorite, already, to
win the senatorial race in Ohio. He
was elected Governor of his State three
times by large majorities. Any Demo-
crat who opposed him would have his
work cut out for him. Gov. Lausche
probably would have the best chance
of any possible Democratic nominee
against Bricker, but the Governor. as
of today, desires to win reelection.
Evening star., 1945-10-13

which deals with the abolition of
oppressive supervision of the peoples
thoughts and actions-the projec-
ton OF "thought-control" into adult
life.
The fifth and final point in the
directive deals with the democratic
zation of Japanese economic institu-
tions, which have hitherto been on
a monopoly basis and comprise not
only the giant vertical trusts and
cartels but also the rural landlord
system which keeps the peasantry
in hopeless quasiserfdom. Their
breakup will emancipate the Japa-
nese common man economically as
the other measures will free him on
the political, intellectual and social
planes.
Evening star., 1945-10-13
President Rios

President Juan Antonio Rios of
Chile has been welcomed by Pres
1dent Truman. The chief executives,
meeting Thursday at the White
House, have exchanged greetings in
the names of their respective coun-
tries. But a further word will not
be amiss. Something more than a
formal ceremony is involved in every
such occasion. Values and relations
greatly transcendihg all temporary
expediencies are represented when
the spokesmen of governments
confer.
That, of course, is obvious. What
is not so clear, however, may be more
important. For example, President
Rios symbolizes the liberal point of
view on the west side of South
America. He was the leader of the
so-called Radical party and was
overwhelmingly elected in 1912 as an
exponent of democratic ideals and
an advocate of collaboration with
the United States. But active forces
In Santiago opposed a final break
with the Axis so long as the un-
protected twenty-six hundred-mile
Chilean coast was in danger of
attack.
A clue to his own attitude toward
all such problems may be discovered
In President Rios declaration that:
To make continental cooperation
really effective, each of the nations
should have its national economy well
organized, and its armed forces trained
and equipped. Then the nations would
be ready to carry out decisions of con-
sultative conferences. And 1 am speak
ing more of economic preparedness
than of military preparedness.
Once our vast natural resources are
developed, standards of living will be
raised, educational and other social
benefits extended, and we, on our con-
tinent. would constitute such a tre-
mendous economic force that no greedy
nation would dare attack any one OF
us.
No good neighbor will quarrel with
Evening star., 1945-10-13

John w. Bricker, three times Governor
of Ohio and in 1914 contender for
the Republican presidential nomination,
has confided to friends that it is his
purpose to run for the Senate next year.
This was his determination almost inn
mediately after the announcement by
President Truman that he had appointed
Senator Burton of Ohio an associate
justice of the Supreme Court. How
soon the former Governor will announce
his candidacy for the Republican nomi-
nation for the Senate remains to be
seen. He will take his own time for such
an announcement To withhold 1t a long
time, however, might lead other candi-
dates into the field who would not, per-
haps, care to enter the race II 1t were
definitely known Mr.. Bricker intended to
run. Most Ohio Republicans today re-
gard his nomination for the Senate seat
as certain, If and when he throws his hat
in the ring.
Presidential nominations have gravi-
tated in this country to Governors Of
States and members of Congress. This
has been true in both major political
parties. The late President Roosevelt
was Governor of New York before he
was nominated; Woodrow Wilson was
Governor of New Jersey: President Tru-
man was Senator before he became
Vice President and succeeded to the
presidency; President Harding was
Senator from Ohio and q former lieu
tenant governor of Ohio; James v. Cox
was Governor of Ohio when he was
nominated for President on the Demo-
cratic ticket; Gov. Dewey of New York
and former Gov. Landon of Kansas were
both named to run against Franklin
D. Roosevelt. These are just samples of
what has been the usual practice. For
mer President Hoover. the late President
Taft and the late Wendell Willkie are
three exceptions to the rule.
If Mr.. Bricker is to aspire again to a
presidential nomination it is rather OBJ
vious that another victory at the polls
In the pivotal State Of Ohio will do
him lot Of good-and is almost sine
qua non. There is a strong belief that
Mr.. Bricker has not relinquished presi-
Dental sappitions and that he would
like to'geteinto the race again in 1948.
Mr.. Bricker is by no means the only
potential candidate for a Republican
presidential nomination who may feel
called upon to establish a claim by a
Evening star., 1945-10-13
A 'Moqnu Chorto' for japan

The flve-point directive given by
General Macarthur to Baron Shide-
hara, head of the newly formed Jap
anese cabinet, calls for so sweeping
a transformation of the country
along democratic lines that it has
been aptly termed Magma Charta"
for the japanese people. OF course,
1t should be understood that this
liberalizing program is handed down
from above by an alien authority
rather than imposed from within as
was the case when the sturdy Eng
lish barons brought to book tyrant
King in the Runnymead meadow
seven centuries ago. Yet, if success
fully implemented and maintained,
MacArthur'S directive should furnish
favorable seed-bed from which the
germs of democratic national life
can sprout and ultimately flourish.
The revolutionary nature of the
program can be gauged by its first
point, which gives the ballot to Jap
aneSe women. This flies in the face
of Japanese tradition, which de-
grades the female of the species"
to a thoroughly depressed class"
with virtually no share in the run
ming of the nation. Macarthur
stresses the necessity for woman
suffrage as means for introducing
a new concept of government di-
rectly subservient to the well-being
of the home"
Second, on the list is the encour-
agement of labor unions, thereby
giving the working masses voice
in protecting themselves from ex-
ploitation and abuse while raising
their living standards. Hitherto the
laboring masses have been held in
virtual slavery by the great aggrega-
tions of capital coupled with a vi
cious landlord system in the rural
areas. AS an incident in labor's
emancipation, Macarthur SPECIFICS
the abolition of child labor. which
has been one of the darkest features
OF Japan's industrial system.
The third point in the directive is
a drastic liberalization OF Japan's
educational system. One of the
strange anomalies of Japanese life
has been the co-existence of general
literacy with an educational setup
which deliberately inhibited rational
thinking on the part of the individ-
ual. This is the basis of that elab-
crate method of "thought-control"'
which, for centuries, has made the
japanese people the docile tools of
master caste. General Macarthur
rightly emphasizes the need for
radical transformation of japanese
education, so that "the people may
shape their future progress from
factual knowledge" The transfer
nation ties in with the fourth point,
Evening star., 1945-10-13
Defense and the Atom

At press conference some weeks
ago, General Arnold, the chief of our
Army Air Forces, declared that one
of the things now probable to the
point, almost, of inevitability" was
a defensive weapon automatically
seeking out superSonic bombers and
guided atomic missiles and destroy
ing them in the stratosphere or
ionosphere.
More than a few distinguished
scientists have since gone on record
to the effect that no defense what
ever is in sight, but now the House
Naval Affairs Committee has joined
General Arnold in believing other
wise. yThere are indications" it
says, that an effective counter
measure to atomic bombs has been
developed to such an extent that
they can be exploded far short of
their objective without the necessity
of locating their position. Knowl-
edge of electronics promises ability
to deton9te ATOMIC bombs at great
distances by radio"
This is guarded language, but
whether or not it means that we
are close to working out such a de-
tense, there is no reason why any
one should find great comfort in it.
Every new weapon in the past has
led to the development of counter
weapon, and the atomic bomb-de-
spite what some scientists have said
may soon prove to be no exception.
Lest such possibility or probability
create false sense of security, how
ever, the thing to be remembered is
that it takes only one atomic bomb
to destroy city and that if there
should ever be another war, this
most terrible of instruments would
be hurled in large numbers and some
of them might get through, while
those exploding in the sky could
still have catastrophe effects.
There has been no such thing as
perfect defense against any weapon.
The most ingenious countermeasures
were employed against air power, for
instance, but nevertheless air power
could not be stopped. The same
probably holds true for the atomic
bomb. No single device is apt to
cancel it out. The best way to meet
its terrifying menace is by the
establishment of permanent peace.
Meanwhile, America must remain
vigilant and prepared in terms of
It's science, it's land, sea and air
strength, and its trained manpower.
Evening star., 1945-10-13
. Doing a Half-Job
By Maj. Georse Fieldins Eliot

ture hopes for peace and security
are based on the conception that we
shall by appropriate meaNS prevent the
Germans from disturbing those hopes.
They can only be prevented from re-
suming their criminal career by being
deprived of the means to do so. Those
means are largely based on industrial
potential.
There used to be some idea OF reducing
Germany to an agricultural economy, or
an agriculture plus light industry plus
mining economy. Former Secretary
Morgenthau, in thoughtful book, has
pretty well demonstrated that this can
be done. But there are lot OF bright
minds in the American section of the
Allied Control Commission who do not,
apparently, agree-or perhaps some of
them do not want to agree, for there is
good reason to believe that among our
military and civil personnel in Germany
are many who are haunted by fears Of
Russia and who would prefer to see
strong Germany as bulwark against
Russian aggression is the pre-
else argument WITH WHICH f1lLleF ana
Goebbels tried to blind us to their real
purposes.
Well, one thing is sure. We are not
going to sit on the lid in Germany for
ever. Things do not work out that way.
Our job is to render Germany powerless,
as far as we can. while we are still in
there pitching Building up German in
dustry is not the way to do that job.
The way to do 1t is to destroy German
industry, or as much of. 1t as may be
necessary, to make sure there can be no
military comeback for many years, If
ever.
This is not to be taken as criticism of
Gen. Eisenhower. His directives have
been admirable But his political
masters, with one eye on a public which
has no present interest in anything ex-
cept getting the boys back home, and
the other on the Russians, are shilly-
shallying and watchfully waiting: and
many of his subordinates are not carry
ing out their instructions in the spirit
In which they were given.
tCopyrisht le46D
Evening star., 1945-10-13
Autumn

AUTUMN has set her punctual snare,
Lured me Dtth her laughing, cobalt
eyes;
Bound me NTH her bright titan hair.
False as Delilah, but more fair,
In ancient uisdon, none so uise,
Autumn has set her pnnctual snare.
The iDhile red lips a kiss declare,
Her cunning hands pith sure surprise,
Bound me ,oith her bright titan hair.
A cdptipe, yet mould not share
Her beauty, say she fnlsifes
AUTUMN has set her punctnal snare.
o blinded eyesl o dull despairf
This Colnnabine I Mould despise,
Bound me NTH her bright titan hair.
But ,pho tuin heed, or giue care.
That Iope must haze its sncrifce2
AUTUMN has set her pnnctucl snare:
Bound me NTH her bright titan hair.
JOHN RICHARD MoRELAND.
Evening star., 1945-10-13

We are not doing a good Job in Ger
many.
We are, in fact, doing the very worst
thing we could possibly do. We are
doing half-job.
We tried half measures with Ger
many once After defeating that coun-
try in four years war, at immense
cost in blood and treasure and suffer-
ing, the victorious Allies inflicted all
sorts of humiliations and penalties on
the Germans, but they did not persist
in controlling Germany's ability to re-
arm, they gradually relaxed what con-
trolls they did impose, and they received
the inevitable reward of such folly In
the war just concluded. 1t took al
most six years to conquer Germany this
time, and the cost was far greater.
Yet with this example before US, and,
what is more, fresh in the memories
Of those who make and execute our
present policy, we are doing the same
thing again.
In q world In which industrial power
is the foundation Of military strength,
the obvious course for us is to de.
prive the Germans of that Industrial
foundation for war-making without
which they could not hope to launch
future war of revenge. We are not
doing 1t.
Last time, the excuse was: Germany
must export in order to pay repara-
tions. This time we have dreamed up
a new idea: Germany had been guaran-
teed by the Potsdam agreement . stand
ard Of living equal to that OF other
countries OF Continental Europe. Ger
many can maintain such standard OF
living only by exporting. Therefore Ger
man industry must be built up so that
Germany can export.
In the first place, the basis for this
argument is not true, The Potsdam
agreement guaranteed the Germans no
such standard OF living. What it did
say was that Germany's standard Of
living should not be higher than that
enjoyed by her neighbors, which was
another way Of saying that the Ger
mans should not be permitted to profit
by their late crimes.
In the second place, ali our fu-
Evening star., 1945-10-13
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The situation on the Asiatic mainland
is far from satisfactory. Despite the
limited" agreement between General
issimo Chang Kai-shek and Mao TIE
tung, leader of the Communists, fric-
ton between the Yenan and Chungking
governments is increasing. So is the
friction between Russia and the United
States.
American Russian disputes are passed
In silence by official quarters and, be-
cause of limited censorship, are not
ents.
Thousands of Koreans are reported
attempting to cross the line of demar-
cation which separates the American
and Russian zones in Korea. 1t is
repetition of what happened in Ger
many shortly after the collapse of the
German armies.
The Russians sent stable force
into Korea. This force is being assisted
by about $4,000 Koreans who served
in the Red armies in Siberia. These
latter, together with a civilian admin
tstration of Korean Communists, are
giving rough treatment to the people
in the north.
Because of this oppression a large
part of the population Is seeking refuge
in the American zone. 1t. Gen. John
r. Hodge, who is in command, refuses
to accept this local immigration for
fear Gen. MacArthurs representative
be accused of interfering with the ad-
ministration OF our ally In Northern
Korea
Fifty American officers, who arrived
in Manchuria to make the necessary
technical preparations for the arrival
OF Chinese Central Government troops
in that area, were peremptorily or
dered to leave the area. This they did
On the basis of the Sino-Soviet
treaty, the Chinese armies were to taxi
over Manchuria as soon as the Rus
SLAMS evacuated it. The date of the
complete evacuation had been fixed In
the treaty as 80 days after vi Day.
The railroad system was shot to
pieces by American air bombardments
before the Japanese surrender and the
rolling stock and the locomotives also
were severely damaged. At the request
of Generalissimo Chang, so American
technical officers were sent to Man.
churia to survey the situation and sug-
gest the necessary temporary repairs
and improvements.
But soon after their arrival they
were ordered out of the area by the
Russian in charge of the civil and mill
tary matters
Evening star., 1945-10-13

No formal explanation was given for
the order. But the officers, who had
spent few days in the various parts
OF Manchuria, believe that they were
found undesirable because they could
not help witnessing the wholesale loot
ings and other misdeeds Of the armies
OF liberation. AS In Central Europe,
these officers report that whole indus
trial establishments are being taken
to pieces and shipped to Siberia.
Manchuria had become very important
industrially within the last 10 years. The
japanese war lords had industrialiZed
it, expecting If necessary to resist the
Allies on the Asiatic mainland, which
was richer in natural resources and less
vulnerable than the homeland. The
agreement between Moscow and Chung
king provided that the USSR would have
its old rights on the Chinese eastern
railways but otherwise the entire region
would be handed back to the Chinese
government intact. ..
Chang intends to send a sufficient
force to police the country and start the
existing factories producing again for
the benefit of the Chinese people. BY the
time he takes over officially he will find
nothing but some empty buildings in
stead of the fully equipped. plants.
Unlike the case of the American off,
GERS in Bulgaria, who were unceremoni-
ously shipped out last October in trucks
by the Russian high command, the
Americans in Manchuria did not await
an actual move by the Russians, but left
as soon as they received their marching
orders"
A similar situation developed in Che
foo, where Admiral Daniel Barley de-
cided not to land troops at the urgent
request of the commander of the 18th
Group Army of Yenan.
On October the commander of the
Communist 9Th Route Army at Chefoo
was informed by the American military
authorities that Marines would be
landed. The general was advised to
withdraw his forces and the newly in
stalled Communist municipal govern
ment. Gen. Yeh Chen -ying, the chief
Of staff of the Yenan 18th Army, in
formed the American representative at
Yenan, Col. Ivan D. Yeaton, that such
landing might be misunderstood by the
Communist forces already established in
Chefoo and the American high COM
mand would be held solely responsible
for any incidents" which might result.
In the meantime, despite the reported
limited" agreement between Chungking
and Yenan, the clashes between the
Communist and the Central Government
forces are increasing
Evening star., 1945-10-13
Two Lows

There is nothing new in the
present sudden realization that the
human race can destroy itself, if it
continues to employ the facilities
and instruments of science without
regard to any consideration save
that of passing expediency. Men
and women working in the whole
wide field of what Thomas H. Huxley
defined as organized common sense"
have testified repeatedly that they
understand the potential dysgenic
character of even their most notably
constructive efforts-if the results
are misapplied. 1t was natural that
they should be the first to compre-
hend the danger involved in their
assumption of creative powers ap-
preaching in their dynamic signifi-
canoe those of the Initial Creator
When George Gissing in 1908 wrote:
Il hate and fear science because Of
my conviction that 1t will be
bllC LCAiioA oClCoo CAlC1IlJ VI lAdllAlIlQ
he had been anticipated by much
greater and more profound thinker
than himself, who as early as 1888
had said:
Two opposing laws seem to me now in
contest. The one, a law of blood and
death, opening out each day new modes
of destruction, forces nations to be
always ready for the battle. The other,
a law of peace, work and health, whose
only aim is to deliver man from the
calamities which beset him. The one
seeks violent conquests, the other the
relief of mankind. The one places q
single life above all victories, the other
sacrifices hundreds of thousands OF lives
to the ambition of single individual.
The law of which we are the instruments
strives even through the carnage to cure
the wounds due to the law of war. - .
Which of these two laws will prevail,
God only knows. But of this we may be
sure, that science. in obeying the law of
humanity, will always labor to enlarge
the frontiers of life.
The words here quoted are those
Of the noblest of French men of
science, the famous mathematician,
physicist, chemist and true bene-
factor of the human race: Louis
Pasteur.