davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-27

government is to be based.
It will be, whatever name Is at
tached to 1t, a Declaration of Inter-
dependence.
Herewith is offered some language
that may serve the committee s
needs:
When, In the course of human
events, it becomes necessary for one
people to dissolve the political bar
riers which have separated them
from one another, and to assume
among the powers of the earth, the
mutual and equal responsibility
which the laws of nature and ma
ture's God impose upon them, a de-
cent respect to the opinions of man.
kind requires that they should de-
clare the causes which impel them
to the union.
1--WE hold these truths to be self
evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalien-
able rights, that among these are
life,. liberty and the pursuit of hap
piness. That to secure these rights,
governments are instituted among
men, derfSing their just powers from
the consent Of the governed. That
whenever any form of government
becomes destructive of these ends. 1t
is the right OF the people to alter or
to abolish 1t, and to institute new
government, laying its foundation
on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them
Shall seem most likely to effect their
safety and happiness.
prudence, indeed, will dictate
that governments long established
should not be changed for light and
transien& causes; and, accordingly
all experience hath shown that
mankind are more disposed to suffer
while evils, are sufferable, than to
right themselves by abolishing the
forms to which they are accustomed.
Bit, when long history of inter-
national conflicts. pursuing invari-
ably the same object, evidence a
danger Of their being reduced to
absolute anarchy, 1t Is their right,
1t is their duty, to throw of such
government and to provide new
guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient suffer-
arce Of these peoples; and such is
now the necessity which constrains
them to alter their former systems
IF 01yorry,oo.,f
You recognize the parapl1rase, of
course: our. own Declaration OF In
dependence. 1t may appear strange
that a people in the process Of de-
claring their complete independence
should have used language so fitting
to'the opposite purpose. But as you
study the immortal document given
to-tfe world by the American colo
nistsy< YOU discover that IT was more
than. a declaration of: their deter
mination to. be free from England;
II. was declaration OF the, eondi-
tions under which all people have
Alright to live, an assertion Of the
proper foundations and functions
OF government. It was the declara-
Evening star., 1945-11-27

c q q er Q T. q
W orl d govern
m e n t. w h e n
at occurs a,
committee will
be named to find
the right Ian
guage for their
purpose. First
they must have
. preamble, a
declaration of
the causes lead
ing to their TAX
ing this historic
step and OF. the
prin CT Piles on
which the n e W
Evening star., 1945-11-27
On the Other Hand
!. Submits Some Language to Framers
OF First World Government Charter

ton Of something new in the world,
q purpose to dedicate government
solely to the welfare Of the human
race and the freedom Of the human
spirit.
The principles enunciated and
the philosophy are only waiting to
be applied to the world as a whole.
Evening star., 1945-11-27

Women6 clothes.
My grindstone
bill is terrific,
even though /
get them whole
sale through q
friend, and the
chief reason for
this is the fads
and fancies of
female attire.
Wouldn't 1t be
possible for some
one to design a
sensible, practi-
cal, all = round.
au-year sort of
retl1n for vyOpo
Evening star., 1945-11-27
.rodmon Guest Speaker


Isaac Gradman., first vice presi-
dent Of the District Grand Lodge,
BNai Birth. will be guest speaker
at q meeting OF Argo Lodge at $50
pm. tomorrow at the Jewish Com
munity Center, Sixteenth and Q
streets NV.
Evening star., 1945-11-27
By LospeH Meiieft

One Of these days, and probably In
our own time, q group of men and
women from all corners Of the
earth will gather to write the
Evening star., 1945-11-27
McLemore-
Coils for Cost Iron
Fashions for Women.
By Henry McLem ore

As q man who has worn out at
least SO grindstones by keeping his
nose to them, wish to high heaven
that something could be done about
Evening star., 1945-11-27
to
Questions

A reader can get the answer TO any
question OF fact b. writing The Evening
NE. Washington 2, D. @. Please In
close cents for return postage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11

JERUSALEM.-Per we never will
know how Hitler died or when he really
died, but 1t is clear just what a myth
this is intended to create around his
name.
With the Red flag flying over the
Reichstag and American and British
troops unfortunately not in Berlin, with
the SovietS taking unilateral action in
Poland and Austria, with France regis
tering an unprecedented Communist vote
In municipal elections, it is the intention
of German leaders to dramatic in
Hitler's death the role of Germany as
last bulwark against radical Bolshev-
ism sweeping over all Europe.
This undoubtedly also is the reason for
launching the story that Himmler was
willing to- surrender to the British and
Americarls, 1t holsters the myth that
Germany fought for Western civilization
against military Bolshevism This,
therefore, will recall clearly how Hitler
set about saving Europe from Bolshevism.
x
He first, in his own country destroyed
all historic and traditional institutions
of Western civilization, representative
government, impartial courts, orderly
processes and based his regime on naked
force. He then made a pact with the
Soviet Union, encouraged the Soviet en-
trance into Finland and partitioned
Poland with the Soviets along the
MISUNDERSTANDING line. He then at
tackled the West, destroyed entire de-
Tense systems and broke down again
Western civilizations most cherished in
situations, creating everywhere moral
and political chaos.
Then, because he feared the Soviet
Union on the rear and thought he could
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
A Just Contribution

The Senate's action in adhering to
its original decision to support the
Tydings-B ilbo bill, authorizing Fed
eral aid in the postwar construction
of a 1,500-bed hospital center in the
National Capital, will be welcomed
by the people of Washington as a
just contribution to the solution of a
problem which cannot be met with
out Federal assistance.
Senator Ellender of Louisiana led
the attack on the bill, his principal
contention being that the residents
of the District are undertaXed and
should be able to finance the project
themselves. This is familiar COM
plaint-one that persists in spite of
the abundant evidence to the con-
trary, which is available to any one
who cares to examine it. In this
connection it is worth noting that
Senator Taft, who joined with Sen
ator Ellender on other grounds, con-
coded that the Federal Government
has not contributed its fair share
toward the cost of maintaining the
National Capital
The real question in this instance,
however, has to do with the need for
improved hospital facilities in Wash
ington. The existing voluntary hos
pitfalls cannot provide the medical
care which should be available for
the city'S wartime population. Nor
have they the means of providing
the minimum facilities which will
be required after the war. These
facts were fully established during
the hearings on the TydingS-Bilbo
bill, and, at that time, it also was
demonstrated that the Federal Gov
eminent has an obligation with re-
spect to the city's need for hospital
facilities which must be fulfilled if
this project is to be carried to COM
pletion.
Now that the Senate has taken
favorable action, the final decision
rests with the House. 1t is to be
hoped that the measure will receive
prompt attention there, to the end
that this urgently needed project
may be gotten under way without
further unnecessary delay.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

play on British conservatism, he at
tackled the Soviet Union.
Finally, by insisting that Germany
fight on for months after the war def
nitely was lost, he brought about the
utter ruin of Germany herself, leaving
the country wilderness of rubble, with
out government, communications or
food.
He who in death is proclaimed the
protector of Europe is the destroyer of
Europe. He and his spokesman, Goeb-
bells, repeatedly said that either Nazi-
ism would conquer or would pull civil
lization down with 1t into chaos. That
promise, and that promise alone. Hitler
has kept, but the evil that he did lives
after him. That is why, here in their
national home, among his worst VIC
tinls-the JeWS-there is no wild re-
joicing. ..... 49,.
*
Jewry's worst enemy has been de-
feated and his country literally brought
to dust, but the seeds of hatred he
sowed throughout the world flourish
still. Reports received here from all
parts of Europe, including France and
Yugoslavia, reveal great hostility over
returning to European Jews property
appropriated from them and resold to
non-Jews under the Nazi regime.
The feeling of democracy and Soviet
ism based on freedom proved weak, in
efficient and widespread. Though the
root of Naziism is unabridged in ma
tionalism which elevates nation into
god, there is no sign that such ma
tionalism is extirpated with Hitlers
fall. Our civilization, therefore, con-
fronts in victory an undiminished crisis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
The German General Stuff

1t is interesting to observe how
the German admirals and field mar
shals act these days. They have
been humbled, they have surren-
dered Internationally, but they still
carry themselves suavely, even ar
rogantly, dressed up in their smart
est uniforms and wearing their
faShiest medals.
Some make speeches and some
grant interviews and some maintain
an ostentatiously naughty silence,
but it is clear that all of them
Doenitz, Rundstedt, Kesselring. Jodl,
Keitel, to name but few-are of
the same frame of mind. Neither
by gesture nor word do they give the
slightest indication of feeling sorry
for having planned and let loose the
Second World War. There is not the
faintest admission of guilt. no con-
triton, no regrets. no apparent feel
ing of responsibility for a holocaust
that has wiped out million of lives.
Possibly these men experience
some inward pangs of conscience,
but if they do, the fact is hidden
from us by their outward manners
by the cold. prideful manners of the
Prussian military aristocrat. Let us
note this. Let us remember that in
these peacock-like characters we see
the German general staff parading
before us - the once all-poWerful
architects of death and destruction
on a grand scale, the master minds
of the blitz on Poland and of all the
other blitzes that followed that, the
builders Of the Uboat fleet, the
LuftWaffe and the Wehrmacht. the
high and mighty makers of war
without whose ardent support Hitler
and the Nazis would never have been
able to convulse the world.
Let us note this we'll. Let us note
that these beaten but unbowed
titans of battle, when they speak at
all, still speak respectfully of the
Fuehrer's genius" and show no
conjunction whatever for having
organized and launched the war.
The German general staff has been
like that ever since Bismarck's day
The membership now is different,
but the viewpoint remains the same
the fixed viewpoint of an old con-
spiratorial military organization in
Germany. Long before the First
World War; it plotted for that war,
and after losing it, began almost
Immediately plotting again. and it
will do the same thing once more if
it is but given the chance.
The shattering of the Nazi party
does not remove the danger. Prus-
sianism must be shattered as well.
The cold, bemonocled stare of the
Keitels, the hauteur of the Jodls and
the smugness of the Kesselrings are
fitting symbols of a mentality tradi-
tionally crowded with thoughts OF
how to wage new wars after old ones
are lost. AS was agreed at Yalta,
the German general staff must be
broken up "for all time" if Germany
is to be permanently cured of its
liking for aggression.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11

they had historical and ethnographic
claim on that territory.
1t is also believed that Britain intends
to become the mandatory power Of the
Italian islands in the Mediterranean.
According to reports from Paris, the
British intend to establish their mandate
not only over the Dodecanese Islands
which the Italian government took from
the Turks in 1912, but also over Sicily,
Sardinia and Pantelleria, which they
consider as vital bases on the lines Of
communication between Great Britain
and her empire.
The whole matter Of the italian
islands and Of her former colonial en-
pire in Africa Is still clouded in the
deepest diplomatic secrecy, although it
has been nearly two years since Marshal
Pietro Badoglio signed the armistice.
NJ ~
The very fact that this document is
still guarded as top secret would indi-
cate that IL contains much more than
the military clauses which have already
been fulfilled by the italian government.
The British diplomats as a rule leave
nothing to chance and it appears likely
that the question of the liquidation of
the Italian colonies and the fate of the
Mediterranean islands has been thor
oughly gone into and decided by sigma
tory powers.
At the time the armistice was signed
Russia had not yet given any clear indi-
cation that she wanted to share in the
control of the Eastern Mediterranean.
1t is true that the question of Russia's
free access to the Mediterranean had
been discussed at Teheran. President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill
are said to have been sympathetic to the
claims OF Russia to be allowed to move
freely through the Bosphorus and the
Dardanelles But the British were still
under the impression that all the ex-
panSe of water between Gibraltar and
the Suez Canal including the Adriatic
would be British sea.
Things have changed since. Marshal
Tito, whom the British government has
supported and considered as a future
loyal ally, is strictly following orders
from Moscow. The Russians have been
noncommittal about the future of the
many islands in the Aegean Sea. Neither
have they stated whether they would
approve q British mandate over Sicily
and Sardinia. But the attitude of the
Yugoslav general staff in regard to
Trieste is indicative that many of the
original terms of the armistice with
Italy may offer subject of intense
bargaining at the general settlement of
Europe.
The United States has no territorial
interests in this matter. She desires no
bases in Europe. But she is party to
the armistice agreement with Italy and
the people in this country may soon be
awakened by new disputes in Europe
unless the full terms of the Italian
armistice are published beforehand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
Expression of Reoret

With all the pertinent facts In
hand, President Robert Mclean has
announced the profound regrets of
the Associated Press over its trans
mission of the unauthorized news of
the German surrender on Monday
and in effect has repudiated the
action OF Associated Press Core
spondent Edward Kennedy in send
ing it out. Mr.. Kennedy's error was
in his failure to observe obligations
voluntarily assumed" He did as
sumo them in his tacit acceptance
of conditions imposed by SHAEF in
making the surrender news avail
able to him.
There are, of course, mitigating
circumstances and for many years
to come newspapermen will continue
to debate the merits of Mr.. Ken
nedy's decision. In the judgment of
his colleagues on the scene, and of
those in the United States who re-
ceived delayed access to all the facts,
he was wrong. But those who know
Mr.. Kennedy as working,
conscientious and honorable news
paperman, with long and splendid
record in covering this war, will
never believe that he was motivated
by any personal ambitions for
scoop" or that in the light of things
as he saw them he was violating
confidence. He was fighting for the
principle that censorship which ex-
tends beyond the necessities of mill
tary security is intolerable and in his
judgment at the time this was the
paramount consideration. He erred,
but time will serve to soften the
harshnesS of his condemnation at
the hands of his brethren.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
Coal Case Decision

The Supreme Court trend in re-
cent years removes the element OF
surprise from the 5-to-4 decision in
which it now is held that the Wage
and Hour Act requires that bitumi-
nous coal miners be paid for the
time spent in underground travel
The background against which this
conclusion was reached, however,
and the majority doctrine expounded
by Justice Murphy, warrant COM
ment
Traditionally, miners have worked
on a face-to-face" basis. That is,
their day was regulated by the time
actually spent at the site of the
digging operation. Their contracts,
the product of collective bargaining,
have been made according to this
yardstick. About five years ago,
when there was suggestion that
coal mining might be brought within
the scope of the Wage and Hour Act
which was designed primarily to
deal with substandard labor condi-
tions - the United Mine Workers
Joined with the operators in urging
strongly against an Interpretation of
the law that would reach their in
dustry and Introduce the factor of
travel time.
1t was pointed out that the face
to-face basis had prevailed for fifty
years. and it was further argued
that "the impracticability of meas
uring time by any other method is
inherent in the very nature of min
ing COAL" because of the variations
in travel time. from mine to mine.
This view prevailed with the Wage
and Hour administrator, and the
old arrangement was left undis-
turbed.
In negotiating the 1943 contract,
the miners. with administration
support, obtained an arbitrary al
lowance of Is minutes daily for
travel time, as one of the wage-rais-
ing devices that skirted the Little
Steel" formula, and ended series of
strikes. This was raised to one hour,
this year.
Now, in action brought by the
Jewell Ridge Coal Corp. of Virginia
to determine its obligations under
the law. whose aid the miners later
sought, the court majority decides
that underground travel is work"
within the meaning of the law, and
that all time so spent is to be COM
pensated. In so doing, it brushes
aside as "immaterial" the fact that
"there may have been prior custom
or contract not to consider certain
work within the compass of the
work week"
What this adds up to-and this is
emphasized in the minority opinion
by Justice Jackson, who was joined
by Chief Justice Stone, and Justices
Roberts and Frankfurter-is that a
contractual agreement on an arbi-
trary time allowance, is illegal, and
"heavy liabilities both for overtime
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
japan and Surrender

In their heaviest blow against
Japan so far, American Super For
tresses-more than 400 of them
have just given earth-rocking en-
phasis to President Humans We
day warning to the japanese that
they will receive ever increasing
punishment from now on until they
lay down their arms in uncondi-
tional surrender.
BY implication the warning sug-
gested that Japan should think seri-
ously of the desirability of getting
out from under before it is "rubble-
lied" as Germany has been. "The
longer the war lasts" said the Presi-
dent, "the greater will be the suffer-
ing and the hardships" of the Japa-
nese people, and they will find. like
the Germans, that last-ditch resist
ance will net them nothing but ruin
and more ruin. There is only one
way they can escape the fate of Hit
ler's thousand year" Reich. and
that is by not waiting too long be-
fore deciding to surrender uncondi-
tionally.
In making this clear to the Japa-
nese people, President Truman also
took occasion to tell them what such
surrender would mean for them:
1t would mean the end of the war;
it would mean the end of the disas-
trous rule of their military leaders;
it would mean that their sons could
get out of uniform and return to
peacetime jobs. 1t would not mean
determination or enslavement.
AS for Japan's postwar power, the
President did not touch upon that.
But this other meaning of uncondi-
tional surrender was defined as long
ago as December, 1943. in the Cairo
Declaration: Japan is to be punished
for it's aggression; it is to be stripped
of all the islands in the Pacific which
it has seized or occupied since the
beginning of the First World War;
the territories it has stolen from the
Chinese such as Manchuria, For
mosa and the Pescadores, are to be
restored to China, and Korea, ''in
due course" is to be made free and
independent.
But though their country thus will
be rendered incapable of future ag-
erosion, the japanese people as a
whole have reason to believe that
the sooner unconditional surrender
occurs. the better off they will be as
individuals. In all probability, since
they are under the iron control Of
the war lords, they will keep on
fighting as futilely as the Germans.
It should do no harm, however, to
keep pounding away at them with
the thought offered by the Presi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-11
Letters to The Star
Discusses Negroes Admiration
For President Roosevelt

To the Editor of The Star:
No other group in America felt the
loss of President Roosevelt more than
did Negro citizens. OF course, there
were many of them who did not sup
port the President politically. Many
did not agree with his New Deal pro-
gram. His political opponents included
those Negroes who have large interest
bearing investments, those who are ira
ditional Republicans, and finally, be-
cause no matter how much they re-
spected-or loved--Mr. Roosevelt, they
resented his afiliation with party
comprising so many congenital enemies
Of the Negro.
But no other President has been so
deeply loved by. the masses of colored
people. Many ascribe his sympathetic
touch with all common people and his
appreciation of their woes of poverty
and suffering to his own passage
through the valley of misery and de-
spair brought on by sickness. He was
limited in his desire to- remove the
shackles of economic and social serfdom
from poor whites and Negroes because
of the political exigencies of leadership
in democratic government. Had he
been all powerful, as were many con-
temporary world leaders, he would have
gone down. in history as one of the
great benevolent dictators, revered by
the masses. He preferred the demo-
cratic way.
Against logged opposition he sought
to raise the standards and increase the
joy of living for hundreds of thousands
in our Southland, who seemed doomed
by our economic inequalities. Political
leaders of the South are here and there
emulating Mr.. Roosevelt in espousing
the principle of recognition of the dig
nifty of all men regardless of race or
creed. The South is likely again to
bring forth a generation of statesmen
of the caliber of jefferson, Jackson,
Washington and Lee.
President Roosevelt, we believe. was
entirely sympathetic with all liberal
disastrously-even personal friends in his
party when he felt they were more
representative of vested interests in
property and wealth than they were
representative of the interests of people.
Sensible Negroes realized Mr.. Roose-
Velt-like President Lincoln-appar-
emily was denying his liberal program
for the bigger purpose of getting a
United Nations peace organization
through a partly hostile Senate. Had
he lived to guide the Dumbarton Oaks
plan through to acceptance by the Sem
ate, many believe he would have re-
vived his plans to raise the level of
living for the masses of people in
America. 1t may be other Presidents
will work towards the goals of respect
for the dignity of man regardless of
race or creed, as devotedly as did our
late President Roosevelt, but 1 doubt
that any leader in years to come will
supplant Mr.. Roosevelt in the hearts of
citizens who are in part of Negro ex-
traction. E. B. HENDERSON.