davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
FRENCH LEADER
ESCAPES INJURY

BREST, July 21.- P Cen De
Gaulle escaped injury today when
a platform from which, he had
spoken collapsed just after he had
departed. Several cabinet minis
tiers were spilled into the street
but suffered no injury.
Another incident marring t h e
Generals tour of Brittany occurr-
ed when the last two minutes of
his 15-minute broadcast over the
French radio faded out.
Discussing the coming October
elections and the framing Of a
new constitution for the Fourth
Republic, De Gaulle said pro
found reforms in the nations po-
litical structure w e r e necessary
but he declared continuity must be
assured between the Third a d
Fourth Republics.
De Gaulle attacked leftWing pro-
posals to make the constituent as
sembly what he termed "omnipo-
tent" Communistic party leaders
have spoken in favor Of making
the government responsible to the
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22

constituent assembly which is to be
elected in October to draft new
constitution for the nation.
The French leader termed the
proposal "deplorable'' and said no
Democratic regime "can attempt
such an adventure.
De Gaulle, who described h $
governments work as supervising
'the interests of the nation until
a fully-qualified regime was in a
position to take over, frequently
was interrupted by applause.
The Generals only reference to
foreign affairs was when he spoke
of Frances great task of recon-
struction' in order to fulfil her
''present and future duties in the
world"
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
FOREST FLAMES
DEFIANT OF RAIN

PORTLAND, Ore, July 21.-RE
Welcome rain was falling today
over the blazing 70 square mAes
of Northwest Oregon-bUt the still
unouenched fire continued to roar
ahead.
Flames defiant Of t h e drizzle
RACED before a strong South Wlno
over .Roundtop Mountain, and APP
preached within two airline miles
of the timber town of Cochran
below. '''s :
Another blaze on the Eastern
edge of the flaming area va $
moving toward the Pacific coast,
20 miles away. -
The rain--light- in some areas,
fairly heavy in others-eneour-
aged the 1000 men who have been
vainly fighting the flames for ten
days. :. Il T. 49,. h.
1--WE can't tell for stree, said
James Hamilton Of the Northwest
Oregon Forest Protective Assocl-
atom, "but if this rain continues
it is going to give us good
chance to check the fire"
In half-evacuated Glenwood, log
gers who halted blaze 1000 fee1
from their homes looked out at
feebly smouldering embers. 1T
raining hard here, sa d one. glee'
fully. ''They answered our pray
ers, l. guess.
But meanwhile the Roundtol
Mountain blaze was also approach
ing Glenwood. F ir fighting
that line, and on the West where
the Salmonberry fire was rapidly
ga ming Westward.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
PUBLISHERS MAY
GET MORE PAPER

WASHINGTON, July Ill B -
Possibility that United States
newspapers may be allowed still
more newsprint during the tourth
quarter of 1915 appeared today.
Worldwide shortages OF news
print will continue, however, at
least until mid-1946 and probably
longer, J. Hale Steinman, War Pro-
duction Board printing and pub
fishing division director, asserted.
Further relaxation of newsprint
consumption quotas depends upon
Canadian deliveries being increas-
ed to 100000 tons monthly, Stein
man said, and whether Scandina-
Wan mills can meet newsprint
needs in Western Europe. "
The sliding scale formula deter
mining newspring usage quotas
quarterly for American newspaper
publishers was eased one degree
this month, for the third quarter.
1t was the first relaxation. since
the limitation order wen tinto eff
feet in 1943.
On the eve of his departure for
Sweden, as head of a three-man
newspaper committee to investi-
gate the newspring supply situa-
ton in Europe, Steinman said in
interview that a 12-month world
distribution plan for the paper and
pulp industry could relieve strin-
gencies of newsprint supply for
! America.
If Sweden can handle require.
ments in Europe-including more
than 10000 tons needed quarterly
| by U. S. military and civil agen-
cies-tens of thousands OF tons of
newsprint produced by North
American mills may be added to,
U. S. publishing stocks instead Of
being shipped overseas, Steinman
stated.
He reported that the American
newspaper industry, recognizing
that European minimum news
print requirements must be met,
has agreed to refrain from order
ing any newsprint from Scan
dinavia this year.
Steinman said that resumption
of Swedish pulp imports to this
country, beginning this week,
would not ease newsprint supplies
here.
The Swedish pulp bein import
ed by the U. S. is not suitable for
the manufacture of neWsprint, he
explained, ut. is for smoother,
A world shortae of newsprint
'for some years to come" wa S
predicted by Steinman even if
North American mills approach
an estimated normal pecetime
production of nearly 100000 tons.
The WPB official declared that
WPB expects to revoke newsprint
consumption controls at the earli-
est possible moment, leaving pri-
vate purchasers to obtain stocks
on a competitive market basis on
ly.
Factors operating against tn e
likelihood OF ample neWsprlnt sup
plies for long time to come Stein
man said, include:
Some U. S. mills fave serious
shortage of coal for operating fuel.
Some U. S. mills plan to shift
from newsprint to finer grade
paper production because the lat
ter permits a greater profit mar
gin.
Probably no newsprint will be
available from Finland, Scandina-
Was largest producer before the
war. In additino, NorWay's mills
are uncertain about when they can
resume normal capacity produc-
ton.
Sweden alone will not be able
to meet all of liberated Europe's
and Britain's neWsprint require
ments as stated. U. S. experts be-
lieve, however, that liberated Eur
ope will not order as much ton
mage as it says it wants.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
MORE PLANES FOR INDIA

NEW DELHI-(R)-The pre-war
strength of the Royal Indian Air
Force was one squadron. The force
has been steadily expanding dur
ing the war and the government
of India now announces that it will
maintain it after the war with ia
pan at an initial strength of not less
than 10 squadronS.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-07-22
GETS NEW COMMAND

NORFOLK, Va, July 21.-(P)-
Commodore Gordon T. Finlay, dis
trict Coast Guard officer of the
Fifth Naval district since Novem-
Der, 1912, has been ordered to the
Eighth Naval District, New Or
leans, for similar duties. Finlay
will be deta ched from duty here
July 81. His successor has not been
named.
Evening star., 1945-10-23

who would not live up to such an agree
ment especially under the stress of war.
The greatest incentive to abiding by an
agreement outlaWing the use of the
atomic bomb would be fear of retalia-
ton. 1t is"true that such fear probably
prevented the use of poison gas in the
war just ended.
1t Is clear from debates in Congress
that body, as representative of Ameri-
cans all over the country, intends, if it
can, to keep its hands on the atomic
bomb and the whole problem of the
development of atomic energy for do
mestic uses. 1t does not intend to leave
control to the Chief Executive or the
War Department, or both. This is to
be seen in the struggle in the Senate
for joint congressional committee
proposed in resolution offered first by
Senator Vandenberg, Republican, of
Michigan. The resolution was adopted
by the Senate and sent to the House,
where it has been waiting action in the
Rules Committee
In the meantime, the administration
came forward with a bill of its own
dealing with atomic energy and setting
up commission appointed by the Presi-
dent. This bill was referred to the
House Military Affairs Committee Mr..
Vandenberg protested vigorously against
similar reference in the Senate Senator
Mcmahon, Democrat, of Connecticut, a
strong advocate of immediate interna-
tional agreement on the control of the
atomic bomb. is author of the resolution,
approved~by the Senate, setting up
special committee of II members to
handle atomic energy legislation.
When Senators speak of the atomic
energy problem they do not mince
words. They foresee national destruc-
tion and even world destruction, unless
something is done promptly to control
the whole subject Senator Mcmahon,
for example, told his colleagues the dis
covery of method dividing the atom
is the most important event that has
happened in the worlds history since
the birth, the life and death of Jesus
Christ" He was referring to the tre-
mendous power which this discovery
has unleashed, not only as weapon of
war but also as a means of creating
power to run our industries,
Evening star., 1945-10-23

forward with pleasure to the treat"
On october 4 he excused himself, CIV
ing i'll health as his reason According
to Americans in Berlin he had slight
cold.
The marshal, however, did not give
any indication that he would avail him.
self of Mr.. Trumans invitation as soon
as the cold was over. Only last Sunday
he expressed the hope that he might
come to the United States next year.
Il Il
The indisposition of Zhukov was in
terpreted in many diplomatic circles as
diplomatic illness" ordered from Mos
cow and intended to be snub to this
country because of the American atti-
tude at the London Conference. Con-
fidential reports from American sources
in Berlin denied this Interpretation.
Shortly afterward it was officially
announced in Moscow that Premier Sta
lin had taken leave of absence and gone
somewhere to rest. Official quarters
knew that he had gone to Lividia, near
Yalta where the climate Is ideal for
recuperation at this time of the year.
While no comment from any author
lied source is available at this time,
there Is good deal of speculation as to
the role Marshal Zhukov would play in
the event that Premier Stain has either
died or become permanently incapaci-
tated.
The prominent role Zhukov has played
in the last few months leads many OBJ
servers to believe that Stain has de-
cided in the last few months to desig
nate him rather than political man as
his successor Gen. Zhdanoy, who was
believed in the past as the most likely
successor to the premiership of the
U. S. S. r., is apparently out of the
picture. Unlike Zhukov, he is not
professional soldier.
X ~
The fact that Zhukov appears to have
been selected as the future top man in
Russia indicates to diplomatic observers
in Washington that Premier Stain, after
having considered the general world
situation, has decided that Russia's in
terests in the future will be best ham
died by the military.
This speculation seems further
strengthened by the orders issued last
month from Moscow whereby the Off
GERS class has been placed in a top
privileged position, possessing advan-
tages which no other Russian citizens,
except possibly some of the high-ranking
commissars, have. And these latter are
subjected to the vagaries of politics
which subject them to unexpected
purges.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

What to do about the atomic bomb
and atomic energy has become the Ma
tion'S No. l problem-with which the
administration and Congress are strug-
Cling and on which both are getting
widely varying advices. Out of the cloud
of opinion, one of the strangest is that.
since the United States owns the know
how of making these bombs, Americans
should be frightened rather than the
rest of the world.
1t is suggested that all other nations
will soon learn how to make these bombs
and then where will We be, since our
cities and millions of Americans could
be destroyed overnight? This idea stems,
probably, from a belief that we would
never attack another country, but that
other countries may attack us as they
have in the past. Unless some means
can be found to outlaw effectively the
use of atomic bombs as weapons, the
Jig Is up for the American people, look
ing at the picture from that point of
view. The alternative is that this coun-
try be always prepared to strike. and to
strike first, if international differences
arise.
For the moment two groups, whose
beliefs are divergent, are the principal
advocates of what should be done. One
group holds that the secret of the atomic
bomb manufacture be retained by this
country and its two associates in the
manufacture of the bombs-Britain and
Canada. Let the other nations sweat
it out. they contend with the probability
that it will take years to learn how to
make these weapons, and in the mean
time this country can go ahead perfect
ing atomic bombs and also figuring out
a defense against them.
!, X x
The second group would have imme
diate steps taken toward the establish
ment of an international agency
through agreement-to control the use
of these bombs, or to outlaw them abso-
lutely Members of this group are not
so anxious, therefore, to keep the secret
of atomic bomb manufacture bottled up
in this country, Britain and Canada, as
they are to get an agreement with other
nations that the bombs shall never be
used.
The difficulty about international
agreements, up to date. is that there
has been some party to the agreement
Evening star., 1945-10-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Marshal Zhukov postponed his visit
to this country because he had received
instructions from Premier Stain to re-
main close to the Soviet borders for
the next few weeks.
This is the only definite and reliable
piece of information which exists To-Day
in Washington, where rumors of Stains
death or serious illness have reached
all official quarters. Aside from this
there is nothing to substantiate the
avalanche of rumors and speculation
coming principally from the Middle
East and Near East that the Russian
dictator is out of the picture.
1t is true that at Potsdam the Soviet
Premier was pictured as being less
ebullient than at the Teheran and Yalta
meetings He also was confined to his
quarters for two days. But his en-
tourage declared that he suffered from
a slight cold, which caused his per-
sonal physician to take more than the
ordinary precautions and order COM
plete rest The reports from the Bal
kans and Turkey that Stain, who went
to Yalta IL days ago because he was
tired, has died, have received no sub
sanitation. News from Russia's border
states sometimes have proved correct,
but are generally 'unpredictable."
Only a very small number of per-
sons belonging to the Premier's most
intimate inner circle are in the posses
sion of information regarding Stains
health. It is up to the Kremlin to give
it out to the world.
In the case of Lenin's death 1t was
three days before the news was given
to the public officially. If anything has
happened to Stain the chances are
that it will be some time before Rus
sian censorship releases the informa-
ton.
But the zhukov incident is consid-
cred of utmost Importance in many
Washington quarters. The fact that
Stain advised Zhukov to stand by is
interpreted to mean that the most bril-
liant general the Red Army has pro-
duced in this war has been selected by
the Premier himself as his potential
successor.
Marshal Zhukov had been invited by
President Truman to visit him at the
White House and tour the United States
to inspect Americas industrial poten-
tial Zhukov, who had never been
outside Russia until he led the vic
torious Red armies across the Russian
borders, accepted the invitation, and
American officials, who are in contact
with him in Berlin. say he was looking
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Hunters Moon

The hunters moon rides cold and hioh
Upon the luminous dark sky,
And chill the air, and keen the pind:
A sad nostalgia fills the mind
Remembering the long ago.
His thoughts shine ,Dith a roseate 0low,
Flame OF hearts desire. noto gone,
Leaning but dreams to one alone.
And faint and far upon the hills
The baying OF the hounds ,otD flts
With a0ild, rich sound, the waitine
night.
In other years. the moons cold light
Was stronger-or he dreams 1t Dds.
Remote and strange-there Is q pause
In tDistful memory and then,
A,1are that he is old again,
Chilled, and NTH vague regrets, he
turns
AtDay from that pale light that burns
Where through his tDindotD moonlight
creeps;
Upon his bed, the old man sleeps.
MARY WILLIS sHELBURNE.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
The German General Staff
By Maj. George Fielding Eio

The German general staff has been
indicted as criminal organization.
So far. so good. But indictment is
not enough Even trial and conviction
will not be enough. 1t is what happens
after that which really counts.
1t may be instructive to remember
what happened last time.
The Treaty of Versailles required.
among other military provisions in
tended to provide against German
war of revenge, the abolition of the
German general staff. 1t was recog-
nized then, as now as dangerous Or
ganization. center of infection, tire
less and -perpetuating institution
whose one object was, as 1t still is,
German domination of the world.
So we, the victorious Allies of 1918,
ordered its abolition and compelled the
Germans to agree They signed their
names to the treaty. What happened
to the general staff?
I quote from 1.-THE Self Betrayed" by
Curt Riess:
1.-THE ban on the general staff, if it
could have been carried out, would have
really prevented continuation OF the
war 90 years later. But none OF these
MILITARY pIOFtSlDtlS OA kAiC 4ICdty OA NCI-
sailles were carried out : =" Offlcially,
Mr. Riess goes on to explain, it dis
appeared. But there appeared at the
same time a new organization, in a
different building, called the Allgemeine
Truppenamt General Troops ONCE of
which the famous Gen. Won Seeckt was
made chief. "The Allgemeine Truppe-
nant," says Mr. Riess, was something
entirely new. It's real function and the
real function of its chief remained OBJ
scure at the moment" But 1t was really
the general staff in disguise.
X Y X
This Allgemeine Truppenamt was or
ganized exactly like the old general
staff-the same departments, under diff
ferent names; the same activities. If
the members of the Allied Control Com
mission" observes Mr.. Riess, had gone
through the many offices of the Allge-
meine Truppenamt, they would have
found to their establishment that the
entire map room of the greater general
staff, with all It's plans. archives and
hundreds of thousands Of maps, had
been moved intact to these of1ces."
These records, these maps and plans
were weapons far more dangerous than
guns or planes. which wear out or grow
obsolete. The archives Of the general
Evening star., 1945-10-23

have them strengthen this unit to
strengthen the whole social struc-
ture and thus to help overcome the
worlds present spiritual sickness-a
sickness marked by such symptoms
as widespread moral laxity, general
tendency to fix values and rules of
conduct in terms Of hard cash or the
whats in-it-for- -me?" philosophy,
and a situation in which groups
within nations and the nations
themselves seem more disposed, after
the wars vast carnage, to snarl at
each other than to cooperate.
This generation has been described
as a generation of vipers. The in
dictment is harsh, but it may prove
to be not too harsh unless humanity
betters itself from the home up
ward. And in this, as the Pope
declares. women unquestionably are
charged by nature with the gravest
obligations.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Do Il Boldly
Prom the Port Wayne News sentinel.

ssoin tae &oIt wayne NeWS-oentlnel.
We are getting to the point where
we have nine newspaper columnists on
the Supreme Court bench and while
we have nothing against columnists in
their place their place is not on the
Supreme Court bench. We have right
to be able to say after a Supreme
Court decision: There is the law"
We should not have to be under the
necessity Of wading through pages Of
opinion by Justice Soandso on why he
likes grapefruit for breakfast to dis
cover incidentally what the law may
be If some one can isolate it.
Freedom of the press was badly shot
up by the Supreme Courts recent de-
cision Gin the Associated Press case)
but the manner in which it was shot is
douhly humiliating. Instead OF being
cleanly shot with one bullet it was fired
at with shotguns, hit over the head
with blackjack, kicked in the shin
and then trampled on with bad rhetoric.
# we are going to execute liberties In
this country let's do it boldly. Let's
don't worry them to death.
Evening star., 1945-10-23
Futile Nume-CoIIino

1t is somewhat discouraging to
have a labor leader of Walter P.
Reuther's caliber resort to name
calling as collective bargaining
technique
Mr.. Reuther, extremely able vice
president Of the United Automobile
Workers, is acting for his union in
the current wage negotiations with
General Motors. The latter says it
cannot grant 80 per cent wage in
crease without raising the price of
its automobiles. Mr.. Reuther says
otherwise, but instead of supporting
his argument with facts, which
he contends are ascertainable. he
says that General Motors is resorting
to the Hitler technique of the big
lie" on the theory that if a lie is big
enough and is told often enough it
will be believed.
1t must be conceded that some of
our political figures have set the
example of trying to cry down their
opponents by calling them Fascists
and Hitlerites. But 1t is not credit
able performance on any ones part,
and certainly not in the case of a
man of Mr.. Reuther's intelligence
II the facts support his position he
has the means and the ability to
present them. When he resorts to
the alternative of futile name
calling, which proves nothing ger
name to the issue in this negotiation,
the natural inference is that invec-
tive is being used to muddy the
waters and obscure facts that do not
support the unions case.
Evening star., 1945-10-23

staff were the foundation of its labors
and its achievements. Without them the
plans for the next war could not have
been made, or at any rate would not
have been as effective as they were
This is lesson which we shall do
we'll to learn thoroughly. and apply in
practical manner to the situation now
before us. We know how we'll these
concealed German planners did their
work. We know that they will be at
work again, as tirelessly and efficiently,
if they are not prevented from doing SO.
There must be no slips this time. For
the new weapons whose application to
their future ambitions they will be
studying, if they are permitted, are
weapons which may leave lis no chance
OF recovery or even of survival.
First of all. of course, we must get
hold of all these plans, maps archives
and records. There must be nothing
left for German war planners to study
and to build upon.
Secondly, we can, of course. deal by
established processes with individual
members of the general staff and other
high-ranking officers who are guilty of
war crimes as individuals.
Thirdly, we must render harmless the
remainder Of the general staff, including
in this general category all officers who
have ever had general staff training and,
think, all officers of the German armed
forces Of or above the rank of colonel
All these officers who are not dealt with
as individual criminals should be exiled
from Germany and from Europe forever.
There has been proposal noted in the
press to the effect that they should be
sent in small groups to various Allied
countries, there, presumably, to be
turned loose to earn their living as best
they may. This seems rather naive
suggestion. Tt is like trying to stamp
out smallpox by spreading the Infection
as widely as possible.
Far better to send all these gentle
men to some distant island in the South
Atlantic of Indian Oceans-some far-off
isolated island where they can weave
plots but never execute them, where
they can live out their lives and die in
due course without being able again to
harm their fellow men. There are such
islands, out OF the track Of ships, where
the mere presence of one small naval
vessels would be an adequate guard.
tcopyrisht. le4b.l