davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Reds lightning Drive
Threatens 10 Cut Off
laps in hanehuria
Columns Striking From
East and West Are
Only $50 Miles Aport
By the Associated Press.

MOSCOW, Aug. 11.-Only $50
miles separated the tips of two
huge Red Army columns strik-
ing from west and east across
the heart of Manchuria today.
Smashing forward along the axis
of the Chinese Eastern Railway
which cuts across the country from
southeast to northwest, the Russians
were threatening to cut off all the
japanese troops north of that COM
munications artery in the swiftest
conquest ever witnessed in that an
cient battle-ground of East Asia.
No abatement in the furious drive
by tanks, cavalry and infantry
marked the peace offers from Tokyo.
The tip of the western pincer,
which tore ahead for 106 miles yes
terday, approached Putela Pass,
4,000-foot passage through the great
Kingan Range, after capturing the
highly important railway town and
base of Hulun CHailar). This force
was driving toward Harbin, in the
center of the country.
Japs Fight Fanatically.
The tip of the eastern pincer
edged up the Wan Mountains in the
region of Muling, between Harbin
and Vladivostok, the Russian base
on the Sea of Japan. Muling is 200
miles east of Harbin and 80 miles
inside the Manchurian frontier.
The western prong actually had
two vanguards with the southern
army moving south of Hulun and
edging up to Khalinar Pass.
Moreover, the Mongolian peoples
republic, Soviet Russia's protecto-
rate in Outer Mongolia, had en-
tered the war against Japan, and
another operation loomed against
the Japanese-an invasion by famed
Mongolian cavalry units down the
historic caravan route from Ulan
Bator through Inner Mongolia to
Peiping, former capital of China.
Fanatic resistance by units of the
Kwantung Army, elite of the Jap
anesc ground forces, met the Rus
SLAMS In a number of sectors, but
(See MANCHIJRIA page A-40
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Army Cut to 100000 Seen
Within Year After End of War

system. Already it has mustered
out 250,000 who built up IS points
through combat, long service and
dependency.
The Army also is expected to
make substantial cut in the crit
ical point score so that possibly
2,000, 900 men, in all, will receive
point-system discharges.
This would leave q force Of about
5000, 900. If all goes well in the in
itial phases of occupying Japanese
territory, informed sources believe
that half or more of that number
could be discharged within year.
The remainder would form the
occupation forces in Germany and
Japanese areas, man outpost garri-
sons in Alaska and elsewhere, keep
the supply chain moving and pro-
vide a reserve in this country. AT
present. the occupation force in
Germany is fixed at 100000 and
military experts estimate that 1t
will take at least twice that num-
Der to occupy Japan.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Army has a VI plan for
rehabilitation, it was learned
today. Details are top secret,
but informed sources figure on
a reduction to 100000 men a
year after surrender.
Informed officials speculated that
in event of peace, current demob-
ilization will be stepped up, but that
no Wide-scale discharges viii take
place until the Japanese homeland
and islands formerly held by Japan
have been occupied.
In other words, the Army will
take no chances on the failure of
any belligerent Japanese to comply
with surrender. A Japanese Army
Of probably 1000 900 win have to be
disarmed In the japanese home
islands alone.
In the meantime, It Is probable
the Army will make every effort to
release promptly approximately
$50, 900 men eligible under the point
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Marines Take Over Five
More Marianas Islands
By the Associated Press.


GUAM, Aug. 1.-THE Marines
have taken over five more Marianas
Islands after killing Is japanese and
capturing five, the Navy announced
today.
The American flag was raised and
military rule established on the
islands of Agrihan, Saragan, Asun-
cion, Alamagan and Maug by three
Marine companies. They are all in
a line directly north of Saipan.
American losses were one dead
and one wounded, resulting from
Japanese resistance on Maug and
Sarigan.
An Agrihan. Asuncion and Ala
magan islands, friendly natives
were given medical attention. food
and clothing.
AS the little convoy of three LCIs
and one destroyer escort neared
Maug the Japanese were warned to
surrender. but after two hours Of
loudspeaker broadcasting without
results, the island was shelled.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Byrnes Delivers Message to
Swiss Minister; Tokyo's
Reply Expected Soon
By the Associated Press.

The Big Four powers agreed today to accept ia
pans surrender Offer provided the supreme military
commander of the Allied victors govern the beaten
Japanese through the authority of the Emperor.
In reply to Japan through the Swiss govern
ment, on behalf of the four powers, Secretary of
State Byrnes set forth two principal conditions of
acceptance:
The Emperor must subject himself to the orders of
a supreme Allied commander.
That government in Japan be ultimately established
in accordance with he freely expressed will of the Japa
nese people"
This represented the viewpoints of United States
the United Kingdom Russia and China Secretary Byrnes
said in his message delivered through the Swiss Legation
here at 1890 am.
Next Move Is Up to Tokyo
The Allied reply put the the Tokyo
acceptable the Big Four will be transmitted
to Switzerland where they will be handed the japanese
Since TRANSMISSION is handled by wireless surrender
conditions acceptable in Washington London Moscow
and Chunkng could be officially before the japanese gove 1t
It was considered doubtful whether repy-and possible
the war-woud forthcoming before late tomorrow
Every available Office of War Information
day beamng the Big to the japanese home
California and
Honolulu carried Allied statement along with
medium transmters in the Marianas.
Secretary Byrne laid out the following five conditions In his
message to the Japanese
rom the moment of the surrender the authority of the
Emperor and the japanese to rule the state snail
subject to the commander of the Allied powers who VIII
take such steps he deems proper to eecae the
Arms Be Surrendered
"The Emperor required authorize the
signature of the OF Japan and the japanese Imperial
general headquarters the terms to
commands to all the japanese mtary naV ano ar
and all the forces under their control wherever
operations and surrender their and to issue such
require give effect
the surrender terms
shall transport prisoners civilian ntenee places of
directed where they quickly be placed aboard Allied
government Of japan shall in accord, cord
the Potsdam declaration be established by the freely
expressed the people.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Cabinet Takes Control
Of Jop Invasion Corps
Ry the Associated Press.

Ky the ASSOClattu FTeSS.
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 1.-THE
Japanese cabinet today took from
the army and navy the control OF
the Peoples Volunteer Corps, set UP
as a civilian suicide corps to help
the armed services repel the antici-
pated American invasion.
The Tokyo radio reported the
cabinets assumption of command
without explanation and added that
Premier Suzuki Immediately abol-
ished the Volunteer Corps army
navy joint headquarters.
Less than a month ago the Tokyo
radio boasted that enrolment in the
last-ditch movement was more than
,000, 900 in each of the As Japanese
prefectures.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
CONTROL THROUGH EMPEROR STIPULATED
Leaders Plan
Congress Call
For Sept. A
Truman in Agreement
With BorkIey's Plan
To Gull Committees

Congressional committees deal
ing with emergency legislation
for the postwar period are to be
called back to Washington i'm
mediately to prepare program
for a reconvening of Congress
by September 4, Senate Majority
Leader Barkley announced today
after a long conference with
President Truman.
Senator Barkley said Mr.. Truman
is in full agreement with this pro-
gram. He said the congressional pro-
gram would go through without re-
gard to the ending of the war
Mr.. Barkley will send out the call
to Senate committee chairmen this
afternoon and will get in touch i'm
mediately with House Majority
Leader Mccormack and ask that he
do likewise
Mr.. Mccormack already has ad-
vised President Truman that he
would go along with any plan de-
vised for bringing Congress back,
Senator Barkley said.
Will Urge Speed.
The congressional leaders will
urge the committeeman to get on
the ground here as soon as possible.
Senator Barkley said the plan to
call congressional committees back
instead of reconvening Congress,
which now is on recess originally
scheduled to last until October 8.
was decided on because there is no
legislative calendar ready for the
membership and that a general call
would mean that they would mill
around" here for two or three weeks
without anything to do. He said
that he thought that the psyche
logical effect" of such a situation
would be bad.
Several lawmakers said earlier
they thought they should begin
tackling the problems of reconver-
sion and re-employment without de-
lay.
! Congress never should have left"
Senator LANCER, Republican, of
North Dakota declared
Evening star., 1945-08-11

THE armed forces of the Allied
powers will remain in Japan until
the purposes set forth in the Pots
dam declaration are achieved"
The Allied position was made
known after a 24-hour period of
conferences among the four capitals
on Japan's offer to surrender If she
could retain her Emperor.
Byrnes, Connally Confer.
AS the British cabinet stood by
In London, President Truman held
an early morning discussion with
Secretary Byrnes. Mr.. Byrnes then
went to the State Department and
talked with Chairman Connally OF
the Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee, which will eventually have
to pass on peace terms.
Senator Connally told reporters
the Allied proposal was acceptable"
to him, although he said he did not
know how it would be received gen.
orally in Congress. Congressional
opinion has been sharply divided on
the question of keeping an Emperor
on the throne.
The Allied offer would permit the
Japanese to save face" by retaining
their Emperor as nominal head of
the government, as we'll as spiritual
leader. The Japanese had said in a
communication through the Swiss
that their surrender offer was sub
mitted with the understanding that
the said (Potsdam) declaration does
not comprise any demand which
prejudices the prerogatives of his
majesty as a sovereign ruler"
The question of retaining an EN-
peror on the throne had been the
principal point at issue in Big Four
discussions since the Japanese pro-
posal first was received yesterday
Because the Emperor is the con-
stitutional head of the Japanese
government, the Allies win be facili-
tated in dealing with that country
IL the terms are accepted.
Recognition of the fact that the
Emperor is the head of the Army
and Navy and solely responsible
under the Japanese constitution for
making peace was seen in that Sec
ton Of the Allied reply which said
he will be required to authorize
and ensure the signature Of the
government of Japan and the Jap
(see SURRENDER, Page A-3J
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Attacks on Japs
.WithheIdDurinq
Talks on Terms
Super Forts ConceI
Flights; Respite
Ordered for Fleet
BULLETIN.

GUAM, Sunday, Aug. IL CP,.
News of the United States
conditional acceptance of the
japanese peace proposal
reached Guam by broadcast
at lis am. today. Because
of the hour there was no i'm
mediate reaction, but pre-
sumably orders will go out to
cancel any new attacks.
BY the Associated Press.
GUAM, Aug. II. America S
vast Pacific Fleet and massive
swarms of B-29s withheld their
shells and bombs today while
the Allies debated Japan's sur
render offer. Only Far East Air
Force bombers were reported
carrying on their missions
against Japan"
Super Fortress forces which atom
blasted Nagasaki Thursday and
bombed Tokyo and Amagasaki yes
terday, Cancelled flights today. Ad-
miral Nimitz's headquarters said
the big Pacific Fleet also was idle
a respite planned before the peace
offer was made.
In what may prove to have been
the last naval strike of this war, Ad-
miral Halsey's carrier. pilots of Task
Force 38 destroyed or damaged at
least 523 Japanese planes in success
sive day-long sweeps over Northern
Honshu Thursday and yesterday
their July-August toll to
more than 1900.
They stabbed 110 miles across
Honshu to hit the port of Niigata on
the Sea of Japan, and slashed along
a 400-mile arc from Yokohama in
Tokyo Bay to the northern tip of
the main home island.
Seven cargo vessels were damaged
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Is 10 5O9b Pay Boost!
To Be Sought by AFL
In Postwar Program
Leaders Drafting PIons
At Chicago Meeting for
Scales in Reconversion
By JAMES Y. NEWTON.
BY JAMES Y. NEWTON
Starr staff Correspondent.

CHICAGO, Aug. 11-AFL- in
ternatinal union heads were en-
gagged today in working out war
end pay scales that called for
boosts of from Is to so per cent
in hourly rates for the various
job claSsificationS.
With VI day believed only a
matter of hours away, the Fedora
tion's 15-member Executive Coun-
Gil rearranged the agenda for its
meeting SO as to devote nearly all
of its time to postwar planning
Thirteen of the council members
head big AFL international unions
Pay scales they are working out
represent what they expect to get
when wartime controls on wages are
lifted and the whole matter once
more is thrown open to collective
bargaining.
President William Green indi-
Gated that organized labor was as
unprepared as the rest of the coun-
try for the imminent end of the
war. He said, however, that the
Federation should be able to catch
up on its planning within short
time.
Membership Grew During War.
The AFL, like its big rival, the
CIO, has gained greatly in men,
bership during the war years, grow
ing from a membership of 5000, 600
to the 1000, 900 it claims at present.
CIO membership is placed at g.
000, 900, also up 2,000, 900 from Pearl
Harbor days.
Mr. Green freely admits his or
ganization will suffer temporary
losses" on the cessation of hostili-
ties, but AFL people figure they
will do better job of keeping their
members than the CIO. They claim
the big CIO automobile and aircraft
unions will be hit harder by the
cutoff Of war production than any
of theirs. Besides, AFL people say,
they stand to gain tremendously
over their rival with renewal of
construction activity, in which AFL
unions are predominant.
AFL, like all unions, expect to
transform maintenance of men,
bership plans, granted by the War
Labor Board, into closed-shop con-
tracts after the war. They are pre-
pared to do battle for this principle
Expected More Gradual Transition
"We expected more gradual
transition to peace than we obvious
| ly win get" Mr.. Green said. '"The
impact of the news is terrific, but
we are revising our schedule here
(See AL, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Eisenhower Reported
Due in Moscow Today
BY the Associated Press

bs int ASSOClateO FreSS
LONDON, Aug. 11.-Reuters, quot
ing an American broadcast from
Moscow. said Gen. Eisenhower was
expected to arrive in the Russian
capital today
CA Moscow broadcast, heard in
New York. said Gen. Eisenhower
was coming to Moscow on pleasure
as a guest of the Russians"
adding that he was expected to
witness a mammoth demonstra-
tion of Russian physical cul-
culturists tomorrow
Meanwhile, the Moscow radio,
quoting a Tass dispatch from Ber-
lin, said the Allied Control Council
for Occupied Germany held its sec
ond meeting in the German capital
yesterday without Gen. Eisenhower.
1t. Gen. Lucius D. Clay, American
civil affairs administrator in Ger
many, represented the United States
at the meeting, which worked on
plans to carry out decisions of the
Potsdam Conference and to handle
food and fuel problems, the broad
cast said.
BELFAST, Aug. II E1.-Gen.
Eisenhower will visit Belfast August
"a or rs and receive the freedom
of the city" officials announced to-
day.
Evening star., 1945-08-11

of Niigata and off Ominato and
Aomori, both on Honshu's northern
tip, and a destroyer-escort of the
new Kaibokan class was hit at Yo-
kohama.
The Navy emphasized that "a
state of war still exists with Japan"
implying no letdown in pressure by
the Sd Fleet, which presumably
remains in Japanese waters ready
to turn its guns and planes once
more against the enemy.
Whether Admiral Halsey will re-
turn to action quickly-in view of
fast-moving peace-offer develop
ments-could not be ascertained.
B-29s Cancel Flights.
Gen. Carl A. Spaatz's United
States Army Strategic Air Forces
headquarters issued no elaboration
Of its terse statement, THE B-29s
are not flying today" It's massive
sky fleets doubtless are prepared
to resume at any moment their
atomic, incendiary and demolition
(Coe pACTTIr Dee o1
Evening star., 1945-08-11
pefain Prosecutor Charge,
Vanity and LUST for Power
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PARIS, Aug. 1.-THE prosecution
charged today that Marshal Petain
was driven by vanity and the lust
for power for its own sake" when he
set up the Vichy government after
the fall of France.
Summing up the states evidence
at the trial of the 89-year-old mar
shall, Prosecutor Andre Mornet de-
scribed Petain as a man who hated
the republican form of government
AMI welcomed the idea of Ger
manized Europe"
For four years, Petain was guilty
of treason" the prosecutor said. "1
measure my words when I say that.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Commander in Japan
Will Be American,
White House Says
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
White House Press Secretary
Charles G.. Ross said today the
supreme Allied commander
mentioned in the counter pro-
posal to the japanese govern
ment today will be an Ameri-
can"
"Who that American will be I
cannot yet say" Mr.. Ross told
reporters. He declined any COM
ment on speculation that 1t
might be Gen. Macarthur.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Danger of Treoehery
After Jap Surrender
Stressed by Nimitz
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
GUAM, Aug. IL. Admiral
Nimitz today warned against
japanese "treachery" even after
a complete surrender.
He emphasized that vigilance
against possible further enemy
attacks and "treachery" should
be exercised for some time after
the surrender.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Six Killed on Okinowo
During Celebration
Ey the Associateo press.

OKINAWA, Aug. 11.-At least six
men were killed and 80 were injured
by falling anti-aircraft shell frag-
ments and bullets in last nights
spectacular display Of rockets, ack-
ack and flares celebrating Japan's
surrender offer, survey disclosed
today.
The half-hour demonstration by
forces on Okinawa was quelled only
when island commanders ordered
the air raid alert sounded, and then
warned the men over the radio to
cease firing because OF danger to
lives.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
|WLB Approves Pay
For W Holiday

The National War Labor Board
today announced that employers
who give their employees the day
of on WI day, when 1t is officially
declared, may pay them at straight
time rates or earnings for the hours
not worked. without violating wage
sterilization regulations.
Evening star., 1945-08-11
Second Atom Bomb
Declared Far More
Powerful Than First
Gen. ForreII Also Soys
New Type Is Simpler;
Crewmen Tell Story
BY thr Associated Press.

BY thr Associated Press.
GUAM, Aug. 1.-THE second
atomic bomb which wiped out
30 per cent of Nagasaki Thurs
day was described today by Brig
Gen. Thomas F. Farrell as being
new type so powerful it made
obsolete the kind which blasted
Hiroshima Monday in the first
use of the new aerial projectile
Gen. Farrell, head of the atomic
bomb project in the Pacific, wit
messed both bombings. He said the
blast at Nagasaki was far greater
He did not elaborate or explain why
if the bomb was more powerful, the
destruction at Nagasaki was less in
area than that at Hiroshima.
The type of bomb used at Naga-
saki, the general said, not only was
far more potent, but was easier to
make.
At least 13 important factories
were. wiped out or badly damaged
and almost all of the Kyushu sea-
ports industrial district was de-
stroyed, the American Strategic All
Forces announced today.
Nagasaki Was Second Choice.
Maj. Charles w. Sweeny, NORTH
Quincy, Mass, commander of the
Great Artist, B-29 which dropped
the second atomic bomb, had q
thrilling story to tell of bad weather
and low gasoline supply which coulc
have meant failure.
bad weather kept us from drop.
ping the bomb on our primary tar.
get and cut down our gas supply,
he said. 1--WE had just enough ga.
to make one bomb run on Nagasaki
If we carried the atomic bomb be.
yond Nagasaki we wouldn't have
had enough gas to carry it back to
the base and would have had to droE
it in the ocean.
1--WE had to run on the targei
by instruments, and in the las
few seconds the bombardier got &
sight and let it 60 right on the town
Before we left the target we
could see fires on both sides o1
Nagasaki Harbor. The turbulence
from the blast at Nagasaki was
greater than at Hiroshima. We saw
a terrific fash when the bomb hit.
Three Runs Over First Target.
Capt. Kermit K. Beahan, Hous-
ton, Tex, the bombardier, said the
trip was pretty rough because o1
bad weather, which forced the plane
to abandon the primary target after
three runs and to head for Naga-
saki as secondary target.
Even the secondary target was
covered by clouds when we ap-
preached" Capt. Behan said. But
we headed for small opening over
town. Just in the last few seconds
we we're able to see the target and
/ let 60 with the bomb
Others in the plane were 1t
Charles D. Albury, Miami, Fla,
Capt. James F. Vanpelt, Oak Hill
w. Va; Sergt. John D. Kuharek
Columbus, Nebr.; Sergt. Edward K
Buckley, Lisbon, Ohio; Sert. Ray.
mond G. Gallaghey, Chicago, ane
Sergt. Age M. Splitter, North Bronx
N. Y.
Great Crater at Nagasaki.
The demolished area at Nagasak
was considerably less than at Hiro,
shima, experts at Gen. Carl A
Spaatz's headquarters said after |
study Of photographs. The pictures
showed a great crater where tn,
second bomb struck. There was NJ
crater at Hiroshima. The Japaness
said both bombs were dropped b,
(See ATOM BOMB, Page A-4)