davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14
Kai z Balkanom?

Naravno, da je recimo Roose-
welt Stalina vprasal, kaj name
rava z Balkanom? Al DO Jugo-
slaviji dial p~riloznost, da 81 DO
obliko svoje Wade pc vojn1 res
lahko sauna odlocila? In morda
mu je Stain odgovoril, seveda.
toda tako, kot DO narodu vSec.
ne pa kralju Petru, kateremu
je Roosevelt v Quebecu in v
Washingtonu zagotovil, ola Sc
DO povrnil ma svoj prestol.
Tu pride v upostev tudi grSki
kralj, XII sta mu Churchill in
Roosevelt napravila enako OBJ
ljubo, pa mu je ne moreta izvr-
siti. Posledica tie tragicne po-
litike je lie civilna vojna V CIR
CHI, ker veledrzavniki ne puste,
da bi 81 Waldo sauna dolocila.
Ako bodo slicno meSetarili z bo-
docnostjo Jugoslavije, Rumuni-
Je, Avstrije, I~talije it'd, bodo
skuhali najslabsi mir, XII 81 ga
je mogoce predstavljati.
VeIika trojica nj vse
A k sreci "a narode je, da
ceprav vedo, da mad mimi kra-
ljujejo velesile, sedaj tri zavez-
niSke ~velesile, posebno ko Hit
Ter pade, vendar Sc zavedajo.
da imajo tudi oni besedo. v Jul
g~oslaviji SO 81 10 izvojevali S
krvavim bojem, tako tudi v CIR
CHI in tudi ljudstvo V Belgiji
ma Francoskem ter povsod dru-
god hoce, da Sc ga slisi in upo-
steva. In vsi ii narodi res zele
tax mir, V katerem ne DO kali
"a move vojne.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14
Japonci nikakor MISC mogli prestajati!

Take unicevalen je bill ognjeni ma
pad ma Obrezju Lingayena, da je
docela unicil ~japonsko obrambo, v
trenutku ko so Sc Americani bill
zali Manili.
AKO vi DEBATE V EN- TU o.
MENJENIH TOVARN-STE TU-
DI VI BILL TAM IN Sc UDELEZI-
Ii NAPADA TER PRODIRALI
CEZ LUZON!
cato je orozje, izdelano v sIede-
cih cikaskih tovarnah pomagalo
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

izy0jevati bitko. TIE SO: Douglas
C-54's SO razvazali nuine potreb-
seine; Dodge B-29 SO dali silo era
koplovOm neutralizirati zracne ma
pade; Steward-W Warner vzigaIci so
razstrelili mnogo artilerijskih ma
bOjev. Western Electric radar lie
iZsledil sovraznikove zrakopIove
in Diesel motorji izdelani v Gene
raj Motors Electro-Motive oddeI-
ku SO dovazali napadalno opremo
ma obrezje.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

pa lie "a ~paglavca, XII ga. lie ire
ba strahovati $ sibo v roki. Dru-
81 menijo, da je to povsem V So
glasju z DarWinovo teoriio. In
tretji, da je miren razvoj mo-
goe samo ma tax discipliniran
nacin. Med slednjimi Jill je ne
kaj, XII trdijo, da je to social
sticno nacelo. Ampak ako bodo
narodi cakali ma imperialisticne
varuhe, DO ostalo priblizno vse
tako kakor doslej in pa ma move
vojne Sc bono pripravljali, Sc
predno bono S to zakljucili.
Znanost Sc nina nobenega
dokaza, da komarji kdaj zgrese
svoje zrtve, evolucija COR ali
dol.
V casu ameriske revoluciie
"a osvoboditev izpod angleske-
ga kralja Sc nj bio atlantskega
e~arterja. A SO zmagali tudi brez
MEGA. Izvojevali so 81 ga sami.
Tako Sc je dogajalo v preobra-
tin V Franciji, pa drugje, in tu-
di v Rusiji. zdi Sc mi, da Jugo-
slovani ~posnemajo te vrste svo-
jih prednikov. Njihova zmaga
DO vsled tega toliko boil trdna
in sigurnejSa.
x
Zares ~zalostna porocila citam
nocoj - zalostna "a naciie, Fri
CT beze z vzhodne in zapadne
fronte. Ameriska armada je v
ofenzivi. z druge strani pa ma
vso moe pritiska rdeea armada.
Oh, ubogi Fricil Mole oci SO
rdece cd samega joka.
anu &c W I'd OlGllLlNd IldOd-
ljevala, mas DO unicila. Sal tako
bi izgledalo z zigzaganja cen
delnicam ma newyorski borzi.
Sc nekaj zavezniskih zmag, pa
DO Wall Street izgledal kot po-
grebni zavod. Morda pa bi bio
"a tie spekulante bolje, ako "a
drzuiemo image? Oziroma sal
toliko casa, da 81 nakupicijo
profitov. Upostevjamo free en-
terprise, &c smo "a svobodo
(Spekulantov).
K
Sedanji zvezni kongres ne
grize samo Roosevelta ter ME
govo administracijo, temvec tu-
di .njegove pse.
x
Adolf Hitler je tenn mesecu
stopil trinjasto leto kot firer
tretjega rajha. Stevilka Is Sc
smatra "a nesrecno, to Sc pravi,
da nesreco prinasa. Ampak mai
DO to kar njegova zadeva. Ne
beske zvezde SO ga prevarale.
x
Danes Sc je skoro nemogoce
dostojno obleci. 10 prejmem
svoje s~rajce IL pralnice, so z
Nth skoro vsi gumbi potrgani.
Kaj mi ie storiti? Tako Sc je
potozil narocnik uredniku ne
kega cikaskega dnevnika, ia pa
mu je V odgovor odvrnil, da
ako je beclar, maj Sc poroci, a
&c pa je ozenjen, in je vzlic te-
mu brez gumbov, maj vzame
divers.
*
v Alabami so aretirali moza,
ker je prodal svojo zeno. Dobil
ie zanjo $500. Porocilo ne po-
We, ali ie hotel profitirati ma ra-
Gun vojne, niti ne, ako je pre-
lomil dostropne Gene.
John Chamazar.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14
Anglijo vroco

v povracilo "a lend-leasne
dajatve je Anglia prevozila ma
sih Get in materijala toliko, da
&c nam bi kaj racunala, bi vso-
ia znasala al m~ilijonov dollar
jew.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14
POSLUSAJTE

vsoko nedeIjo prvo in MAJ
storeiso jugosIovonsko ro
do uro V Chicago Cd 9. dl
10. ure dopoldne, postoDt
vodi 10 George Morchon
VICES, 1850 kiIocycIes.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

Narcotic ST AmeriSki druzin-
ski kOledar 1945. Stane SIPS.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

Ako VAN je narocnina potekIa.
prosimo, Obnovite 10 cimprej.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

Neznanie je deIavtev najhujsi
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1945-02-14

SOUTH
Acme Steel Company q
The Bvdo Company
General American 4creeooeh Company
HolIicrafters, Inc.
Inhfeo, me.
Inland Rubber Corporation
Llnk-Belt ordnonce Company
Republic Steel Corporation
Verson AIIsteeI Press Company
Whiting Corporation
SOUTHWEST
American Cor & Foundry Company
Automatic Transportation Co..
Clearing Machine Corp.
Continental Can Company, ms.
Continental Industries, Inc.
Dodge Chicago Plant of Chrysler Corp.
Electro-Mosive Division of General Motors Corp.
Greet Lakes Spring Corporation
Indvstriol MetoI Fobricoiors, Inc.
Kellogg Switchboard g. Supply Company
Kelly Steel Works
Musnus Metal Division of National Lead Co.
rertectIon Gear Company
Sirom Steel Boil ComponY
Western Electric Co., Inc.
l. A. Young Spring and Wire Company
NORTH
Aero Metal Products Corporation
Chicago Rowhide Mfg. Co.
The Goertner Scientific Corporation
Master Machine & Tool Co.
Sisnode Steel sirappins Company
Siewort-W orner Corpor otion
NORTHWEST
Belmont Radio Corporation
Chicago Foundry Company
Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc.
Howard Foundry Compony
Illinois Division of Bendix Aviation Corp.
Illinois Gear g. Machine
Mime Polis-HoneywelI Re equator Company
Revere Copper and Bross. Inc.
Vondereook 6 Sons
WEST
Aluminium Company of America
Apex Smelling Company
Chicago Flexible Shaft Company o
Chicago Rivet Machine Company
Diamond 7 Motor Car Co.
Dryden Rubber Company
Garden City Plating and Mtg. Co.
The Harrington & King Fobricuting Co.
International holding Machine Company
Northern Metal Products Company
Sontoy Corporation
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
BY Roy Crane

~, ambition to become a hvyer
Dluds saving pant Of has route proh,,
Tor school expense, he h5, SI-} m the
bank and own, three Mar SAVING, Bond,
he serve, Detroit lmc, ,ubs,ubcr' on
Cruise and >,n,bury avenues. fis route
protlt, average 81 week.
David hl, increased huune,, or b,
route 4br,-ia iht Jao aoJ halt scar,
he bl, been slrncr winning several
Time, award, Tor outu1rd.Dg ,llc, achieve
ncnt, including bl,y,ic, and t1r, to
New y ork and Chicago
David 3, a. lave, D, l49,e StInsbury,
attend, church a, Novbec,t Gospel lie
IS a student q, Burn, school where he
MAINTAIN, average grades. he plays
basketball on school team and IN The
Detroit Tune, Carrier Athletic League
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
Chest Cold Misery
Relieved by Moist Heat
of ANTIPHL0CISTINE

The r1oist heat Of an
ANTTPHLOCTSTINE
poultioe relieves cough
tightness Of chest muscle
soreness due 10 chest
cold, bronchial irritation
and simple sore throat.
Apply ANTlPHLOCIS
Tine Poultice Just hot
enough TO he comfort
sbie-then feel the moist
-
heat 20 right to WORK on
that cough, tiEhtness OF
chest muscle soreness,
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
Relief At Last
For Your Cough
ApyIuTf~l,iFNT

Chronic bronchitis may develop IL
your cough. chest cold. or acute bron-
-n,tls IS not treated and you cannot
dord 20 take a chance with anymedi-
cine less potent than CreOmulSion
which goes right 10 the seat Of the
rouolc 10 help loosen and expel germ
aden phlegm and aid nature to
ootne and healr raw. tender. infiamed
bronchial mucous membranes.
-Creomlla!on blends beech wood
'rcosote bySpcc!al process with other
Inc tested medicines for coughs.
. contains no narcotics.
NO matter how many medicines
on have tried tell your druggist 10
All YOU 4 bottle o. CreomulSion with
he understanding YOU must like the
vav II quickly allays the cough. per-
hitting rest and sleep. or YOU are TO
lave your money back.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
NEW
kind of
ASPIRIN
tablet
does not upset stomach

Doe, aspirin upset YOU II 50. this new
medical discovery, SUPERIN, IS luI
what the doctor ordered" for you.
Svperin 10 espirln Plus contains pure,
safe aspirin, developed by doctors 10 a
special way.
Superin diSsoIyes more quickly, gers
right at the Job OF relieving pain. re-
duces the aoidiy of ordinary aspirin, and
does not irrits,e or upset the stomach.
even after repeat doses.
rssr shIs out TO remind you TO get
Superin today. lsS and 39s al druggists.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07

Cryptoquote-A cryptocram quotation:
Sxyxncphny nv cyphulhpi he tmyqXyhck
pm pdX dizzy IhY-Olnax.
Yesterdays Cryptoqunte- The blast that
blows oudeSt is soon overblown--Smollett.
Distributed By King Features Syndicate, Inc
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
SIMPLE
CHEST COLD
SORE THROAT
BRONCHIAL
IRRITATION
SIMPLE
SPRhlk. BRUISt
SORE MUSCLES
CHARLEY HORSE

Do.s good. feels good Tor several hours.
The mont h,ot Of an ANTIPHLOCISTINE
pouljioe sIso relieves pain reduces
swelling, iirnbers up stifr aching muscles
due TO a simple sprsin, bruise, charley
horse, sinilsr injury or condition. Get
ANTIPHLOClSTlNE (Aunty Flo) m tube
or at any drug store NOW.
Detroit evening times., 1945-03-07
4 WISHING WELL a
By MacleAn
BY Jimmy Halo

ERE is pleasant little that will message
day 1t is numerical puzzle designed to spell out
Count the letters first the number
letters subtract II the number Is less than
add result your key number Start at the upper LETT
rectangle check one OF your Key
right read the the letters under
The checked figures give you. st
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15
tcendenssd from the New Republicl

CONDENSED from the New Republicl
4 CCORDING 70 present estimates l40 million
"A people are hungry and homeless N Europe,
a. million in China and 100 million IN Southeast
Asia. II millions Of men, women and children
the world over should die this winter OF hunger
cold and disease the responsibility Viii lie. TO a
large extent with the Congress, the President
and the people Of the United States The bitter
truth is that few Of US seem 20 know o. under
stand or care about the disastrous consequences
OF the war in the ravagcd countries OF Europe
and Asia Unless we pat all the effort we are ca
pabe Of into the rehabilitation and tcconStruc.
ton OF these countries. our failure VII weigh
heavily in the scales Of history
When the United Nations Relief and Rehahlli-
tation Administration was set up IN 1913, II was
hoped that the average European nutrition level
for instance could be staS.,3lcd AZ 1850 calorcs
Since the end Of the war IN Europe this estimate
has been scaled down 20 1000 calories-
UNRRAs aim today But the actual average for
various countries within UNRRAS sphere will
be far below this level in the winter months In
Italy and Greece for instance. Il VIII he only
400 calorics IN RumanIa, l.500. IN Bulgaria
1900 In other countries, the level FOR tho urban
population will be even lower, Finland. for
instance 1000 caloreS and in Poland, 1000 10
LOO In the inaccessible mountain areas Of
southern Yugoslavia the level Is expected 10 be
about 900 caorieS although II VIII be some
what higher IN the northern plains Compared
with these countries. the SClt-payrng nations OF
Western Europe viii I've better off But the level
In former enemy CountrICS-ticrmany and Japan
and China can only be matter Of speculation
To illustrate. here are some additional facts
and figures In Poland OF almost 10 million
head of cattle in 1899, only five and half mil
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15
PREJUDICE AGAIN

\ major executive in one Of the large recording COM
panes quoted recently the effect that he does not
like Coored dance bands and that none OF them Will get
break" with his company in the future.
We did hear him make this statement but source
OF information regarding il unusually reliable and
authentic Also, the recording activity and the an
noced plans this executive and his company seem 10
indicate clear adoption OF this policy.
This champion OF American democracy has no fault to
find with quality the character OF the music created
by colorcd bands He has against jazz
swing such lie did not state that coored orchesras
are not commercial that their platters do not sell
He Just does not like Negro musicians. Or rather he does
not lie Negroes, even il they muscians
1t pretty hard to pin rap gent like that He I'M
doubcdy would deny making the statement, IL We con-
fron'ed him with it, Or cnCh that his company with
one eye on the market would deny il for him
his recording policy it be called that is
tive one. There many ways sabotage the waxing
activity Of band group OF bands without fatty barring
them from the studio. Especially II you Mr. Big with
the disc firm.
This particular character has reputation the trade
a shrewd operator with and angles than a
god-dggng chlorine We think he is dope and jerk OF
the first second and third water. only having ideas
like this in the first place but for having the blind CUTS
think that he can get away with them.
We do have hold brief here for the importance Of
the Negro in modern dance music for his contribution
the development OF the We need repeat
statement here that genius musical otherwise has
color being neither white black brown yellow and
single language since may express itself With
accent.
We do believe that prejudiced biased notions
survive in field broad and democratic that
music And We'll I've watching for this Citizen hgurativey
stub his toe and break his precious neck at least his leg
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15
THE WORLD NEEDS OUR HELP

hon arc left In Italy, the annual prewar sugar
production Of $4,000 tons IS down 10 so 600.
Five thousand persons in Vienna die monthly
..om tuberculosis. In the Ukraine. IS million
people arc homeless In Greece, the l945 wheat
crop IS ~ per cent Of normal In NuCoSlavla, IS
per cent OF adults and 90 per cent OF children
have no footwear In Slovakia. 95 per cent of
hyIdCcS. cuiycrtS and tunnels are destroyed In
the countries OF Western Europe which arc not
cared tor by UNRKA Francc7-Bcleur the
Netherlands. the production Of fatS\Snd oil is
down - per cent, meat, 40 gram, 33 ,\snd po-
,atocS -
These figures are only examples They cannot
describe the real human misery in the world OF
today. But they may serve 10 emphasize that
whatever contributions are made by the more
fortunate nations, their aid is just a drop in the
bucket This Is particularly true Of the two year
quota OF one per cent Of national income in 1913
which rs member nations contribute TO UNRRA
ON the basis OF China alone with estimated re.
lief needs Of S. billion. UNRRA'S biennial
budget OF So billion is hopcleSSly inadequate.
1t is against this background that the almost
c'lW nally dIatory relief activities Of this coun.
~ mus, he judged OF all the chief contributors
~ UNRRA. we arc the only country which still
owes major share of It's current quota The
major blame rests SqUsrcly on Congress And
within Congress not only the reactionarjcs and
isolatoniStS. who tired 10 hamsjrlnC the remain
ing $3.50 million with the So-Callcd free press
and parity riders, arc 10 blame. but also
CNRRAs friends who. with some few eNcep-
tions, did very little 10 Get the appropriation out
OF the House and Senate Committees Although
the appropriation is now ready FOR passage
there IS imminent danger that UNRRA's enc
mics may again Try 10 append riders.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15

where they sit down. In the Pullman, no white
person may be sold space in section occu-
pied by Negro. This means that IL Negroes
should buy four lower berths in a car the up
per berths must remain empty unless other Ne
groes are sold the space.
/ mention these die-hard rules because they
are the perfect illustration of what will not be
in the future, with Negroes voting In Democrat
ic primaries in Dixie White Alabamans are at
tempting, by these rules, to hold back the In
evitable They do not know about Soviet Rus
STA, they do not understand the great surge in
India, they are ignorant Of the mean
ing Of the fighting in China, or OF the
fighting in Java They are blind to the feelings
of the hundreds OF thousands OF Negro soldiers
and sailors who have come home from the wars
They do no see that these men, who have
fought against race prejudice and for the free
dom of many different peoples over the seven
seas. do not intend to stand for the same old
stuff at home.
So the white people. not understanding that
Negroes no longer regard mere whiteness as
magic, keep on making their silly regulations
keep saying their silly pieces. Draw cur
tain around whom, and why? According to
what law? Who made the law? All, there is the
rub Who made the law? The white people OF
Alabama made the law. These white people
were not chosen by all the people Of Alabama
they were chosen by the white people OF
Alabama.
Here occurs the significance of the entrance oil
Negroes into the so-called Democratic white
primary. AS we look back in the future upon
the historic US. Supreme Court decision OF
April 3, 1914, in the Texas primary case, we
may place it as the turning point in twentieth
century American history in the fight for citi-
zenship rights for Negroes.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15
LABOR MANAGEMENT FARLEY

gate at home and abroad waxed
most indignant a; the working CO.
operation Of the AFL the Broth
erhoods. the United Mine Workers,
and industry. He said. 1t is in
teresting 20 note that John Lewis,
Bill Green. and Tom Csshen rep
resenting respectively the UNIV.
the AFL, and the Brotheyhoods
were working in collision with
management and industr!alists 10
defeat the CLOS program which
Was the abolition OF race discrim-
nation. and increased wages for
the workers"
Never before in history has a
negro ever been called in 70 help
make economic policy for the ma
ton as a whole, and Mr.. Town
sends presence at the conference
is another reflection OF the demo-
cratic policies OF the Go.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15

something 10 be taken or not, as one Chooses
that residents in these states may not appreci-
ate Tor may not choose TO remember) what it is
like not to be able to vote.
But in the South this ability TO vote means
the difference between standing still and NOV
Ing forward 1t means the difference between
making decision yourself and asking someone
else whether you have permission even to
speak.
The papers carry another story about the silly
rules and regulations laid down by the Alabama
Public Service Commission on Negroes travel
ing on trains through that state If Negroes have
q berth in an open Pullman car they must have
curtains drawn around their berth at all
times" meaning day and night II they choose
to use a club car during the day or eat in the
diner, curtain must be drawn about the place
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15
Groyson Prepares
National Guild e
For Race People
Nv HARRY LEvETTE

LOS ANGELES-(ANP)-On Of
the most needed and welcomed
publications for the benefit OF col
ored people is the new National
Travel and Business Guide being
CONF lied here BY a young colored
man who has travelled all over the
world and discovered the need for
Official information for the Guid-
5uce OF colored travellers.
The publisher. Bert z. Grayson,
who AZ one time edited q travel
column to- the Negro press. also
published \ travel guide but with
the approach ~ World War n sus-
pended publication and was in
Quoted into the armed forces
Grayson is a graduate OF North
western university and member
Of Quill and Scroll" the national
honorary Journalistic society.
The guide. which will be pub
lished annually, will also contain
lis, 81 dated events" giving the
dates and cities in which fraternsl
and social convention and special
events will be held This informs-
ton will be SOLICITED from organi-
zationS and published free
Mr. GraySon. whose address IS
s02 East Sixth street, Room 40. Los
Angeles ~. expects the hrst 5000
of the press early in l946.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-12-15

enCe in Washington.
In an exclusive talk with the
Michigan Chronicle. on the occs-
sion Of his presence az a dinner
here honoring Mr.. Murray. the
Transport Union head. who Is the
only Negro delegate 20 the con-
ference. scored the opposition
tactics ~ the AFL. the brother
FOODS. the Mine Workers with the
Industry representatives 10 the
CIO proposals on race. This COM
promise resolution was offered 10
the conference;
"Resolved.-ihat the Labor Man
agerent Corfesence urge on all
elements, Of IsAae and management
the broad democaatic spirit OF toll
erance and equality Of economic
opportunity in respect 70 race, sex,
color. religion, age, nssional origin
or ancestry IN who are
employed and who are mot en-
ployed and who are admitted TO
labor-unlon membership"
The resolution was unanimously
adopted by the steering committee
and Mr.. Townsend pointed out that
!, NaS the only unanimous vote
cast on any issue az the confer
ence - date. As accepted, the
-csolu't On was diluted version Of
Nurrays original form which
urged that sN.i-diScririnat.on
Causes be embodied N collective
bargaining contracts Mr. Murray
admitted 70 the Chronicle IN his
sot:. Scotch burr that the reSo,u-
.ion WaSnt as strong as he wished
However. both Murray and Town
send we're pleased tha; any anti
discrimination Can5 was taken
~ ire conference
Mr.. Townsend was member
= the CIO delegation 20 TIC Cow
ference. and made one a. the
.-rce speeches by Go officials.
NJ Murray and r J Thomas Of
me JAW delivering the others.
Townsend also vas member ~
tho "Nana-emert's ri sht 10 Man
ase" COMMITTEE. ono OF ;he NEST
IMPORTANT Of the SIX committees
formed when the conference con-
vened. Also sitting on that COM
Di;tee was General Motors head
-ha-les 2 WILSON
Mr. Townsend expressed his