davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-14
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

Full employment - whatever that
may mean-looms as the greatest prob
lem that will face Congress and the Ma
tion in the near future. With the end
OF the war billions of dollars of war or
ders cease; plants, shipyards and mills
which have employed millions Of work
ers in the war production effort have
not been converted to peace production
some of them may never be SO con-
verted. The question is how to assure
jobs to these millions of workers. In
any event, a period of large unemploy-
ment after the cessation of hostilities
is expected.
dent Truman has recommended to Con-
gress an extension of employment in
surance-providing s25 a week unem-
ployment pay for period not exceeding
rs weeks-or half year. This is kind
Of dole, although it is not so called and
is based on records of previous employ
ment. 1t cannot, of course, be an an
swer to the problem of full employ
ment." 1t can be safety valve-a tider-
over.
How to bring about constant employ
ment-or full employment-is a differ
ent kettle Of fish entirely. New Deal
planners, like Senators Wagner of New
York and Murray of Montana and Sec
retary Wallace of the Commerce De-
partment, have ideas on this subject
and 1t remains to be seen whether the
Truman administration and the Demo-
Gratis generally back them up. The
Wagner-Murra bill. for example, now
before the Senate Banking and Cur
rency Committee, of which Senator
Wagner is chairman is a comprehensive
plan OF social security" covering Jobs
and health. 1t calls for planning for
Government jobs to offset any loss of
employment due to falling off In pri-
vate employment. The bill, if it be-
comes law, will add billions of dollars to
the Government budget, as well as bill
lions OF dollars taken from workers and
employers to make its many provisions
work.
Mr.. Wallace. according to Newsweek
is planning for system of Commerce
Department agents, coving industry IN
this country very much as his army of
agents under the Agriculture Depart
ment-when Mr.. Wallace headed that
department - covered agriculture and
the farmers. 1t is said that the Com
merce agents would be used to point
Evening star., 1945-08-14
Swiss Neutral Role

The fact that Switzerland is act
ing as intermediary in the negotia-
tions for Japan's surrender empha-
sizes the role that little land-locked
country has played throughout
World War Two, not merely in diplo-
macy but also in every sort of inter-
belligerent activity. Thereby, Swift
zerland has carried on it's peculiar
international status - that of' the
worlds unique professional neu-
trail"
The germ of Swiss neutrality runs
back centuries. Toward the close of
the Middle Ages the inhabitants of
Europe's mountain core, the Alps,
banded together for their mutual
protection against all external enc
mics and this confederation, though
formed of units with different Ian
guages and cultures. proved strong
enough to survive the shock of
the Reformation which divided the
Swiss on religious lines. The con-
federation thus escaped the reli-
giouS wars which desolated both
France and Germany. and it's inde-
pendence was acknowledged by the
general European settlement of
Westphalia in 1648. This acknowl-
edgment reflected the widespread
realization that Swiss aloofneSS
from the game of power politics was
best for European stability. There
after, Swiss neutrality was attacked
only once, when Napoleon incorpo-
rated the little country in his short
lived empire. Atonement was made
by the Vienna Congress which set
the pattern for the European con-
tinent that subsisted basically down
to World War One, century later.
BY the Vienna settlement, Switzer-
land was formally dedicated to per-
manent neutrality.
That acknowledged status gave
the Swiss the opportunity of playing
benefcent role as the seat of in
ternational institutions like the Red
Cross and as honest broker" be-
tween belligerents in wartime, when
Switzerland provides meeting
ground and clearing house for mat
ters like exchanges of prisoners and
indirect diplomatic intercourse. 1t
likewise rendered Geneva the logical
site for the League of Nations.
During World War Two, Switzer-
land has done it's utmost to fulfill
the neutral function which has be-
come the ideal of its people, and has
resolutely maintained its neutral
status despite heavy economic pres
sure. The task has been harder
than in World War One, because the
very concept of neutrality by any
nation has been sharply assailed as
rendered obsolete by the changed
conditions in world affairs. Never
theless, Switzerland carries on it's
national tradition and is making
another useful contribution by its
present role as diplomatic liaison
between Japan and the Allies.
Evening star., 1945-08-14
Medal for Mr.. Byrnes

There doubtless will be others, but
1t is singularly appropriate that one
of the first civilians to be honored by
award of the Distinguished Service
Medal for his part in the war effort
should be the Secretary of State,
James F. Byrnes.
The citation mentions specifically
Mr.. Byrnes' role as director of war
mobilization. It could have men,
toned, as well, the example which
he set in placing himself at the
disposal of the President by leaving
a position-Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court-which
typifies security and prestige to
shoulder a job that promised neither,
and doing it gladly in wholesome
spirit of unselfishness.
In way, his was the most un-
popular OF war tasks. It's execution
called, above everything else, for an
ability to say mo" and to make it
stick. And it is a tribute to his
qualities as a statesman that he left
this position more secure in the
confidence OF his countrymen than
when he assumed it. He is, now,
where millions of Americans think
he belongs. The medal which the
President pinned on his breast yes
terday is merely an additional token
OF recognition for honest service in
his countrys' behalf.
Evening star., 1945-08-14
A MiIitury UpheuvoI

In calling an immediate halt to
all work on IS projected and semi
finished war vessels. which were to
have cost well over billion dollars,
the Navy Department is merely
doing what common sense demands
in view of the imminent surrender
of Japan. Our sea power is now far
bigger and far stronger than that of
the rest of the world combined, and
obviously We have at last reached
the point where we must begin
scaling it down.
The problem of how fast and to
what extent this reduction should
be made-a problem certain to stir
up debate among the experts -
would be difficult under any cir
cumstances. but the advent of the
atomic bomb complicates it enor-
mouSly. Indeed, there is now seri-
GUS question whether the concepts
of naval warfare and fleet organiza-
ton. as applied in the last four or
five years, have not been annihilated
Or at least profoundly shaken-by
what has happened to Hiroshima
and Nagasaki.
The same holds true for the prin-
ciples that have governed our armed
forces as a whole. land, sea and air.
In short, the harnessed atom clearly
changes the entire face of military
science-So much so that it is not
fantastic to entertain the idea that
our present-day battleships, giant
bombers, tanks, artillery, ETC., have
already become nothing but pieces
of beautifully built junk if we think
of them in connection with the
catastrophe possibility that major
nations may be mad enough. Is or
80 years from now. to unleash a
third world war.
There is good reason to suspect
the existence of an especially ter
rifying affinity between the atomic
bomb and water, making the weapon
even more devastating at sea than
on land. ConceYably. entire task
forces-carriers, cruisers, destroyers,
battleships-could be wiped out by
a single missile of the sort dropped
on Hiroshima. How is this likely to
affect the future of our own Navy
and of all navies? Does it mean the
end of fleets as we know them to-
day? Will it be sensible from this
point on to invest scores of billions
OF dollars in naval establishment
like that which has made such his
tory In the Pacific?
Similarly, IS far as the future
goes, of what purpose will be vast
sky armadas when it is possible to-
day for one Super Fortress to drop
one atomic bomb whose blast effect
Is equivalent to that of 1000 eleven
ton orthodox bombs carried by 1000
heavy bombers? And what function
will man-piloted air power have II
Evening star., 1945-08-14

strongest economically and technolog-
1cally, dubious militarily, inactive DO
litically.
Today the United States is the strong
est power on the sea and in the air
and, with economic and technical fac
tors added, the overwhelmingly strong
est from any point of view. Great
Britain has lost the mastery of the seas
and the Soviet Union, which has no
challenger on the European Continent,
is checked only by American technology.
Not only has Germany passed out
of the power picture, all Europe has
passed out of it. France, admitted as
one of the big Five" stands only on
borrowed power; China only on poten-
tial.
Until the invention of the atomic
bomb, there was some chance of stabil-
ization on that basis. But with the
perspective that rival continents can
blow up each other and the planet, this
hope Is no longer tenable. The two
war-Anglo-American and Soviet in
terests cannot 60 to war against each
other. And no one else can even dream
Va 6oAA6 w VOL dSdAAo6 IIACul.
The question now is whether this
great power peace. enforced by the facts
of science, will open an age of peace
for the peoples, a peace of freedom,
spiritual revival, intellectual expan-
sion, economic prosperity and cultural
blossoming, or whether it will be peace
of terror, in which the powers buy their
own peace by crushing at will all the
helpless, lest by their indocility the
peace Of the powers should be threat
ened.
That question still hangs in allegiance.
Either way is possible Either way
might bring long period Of peace II
peace means only the absence of open
war.
But If we take the second way-and
there are still signs of tive shall see
the precarious peace Of tyranny, in
which the dumb millions, afraid even
to protest, forever suffer and forever
endure that the great may remain for
ever great and only they be either secure
or free.
Modern technology creates Just that
possibility as Hitler was perhaps the
first, In this internal age, to see.
But this same technology, in the
service OF completely converted and
purified world spirit can lift mankind
to material level where old antagon-
isms become irrelevent, explanations
recognized Is Irrational and 4 material
civilization and deepened spiritual cul-
ture flourish In reborn world.
Evening star., 1945-08-14
Wood Smoke
Even Army, Navy Have No Plans
for Demobilization, Says Writer

The ,uood smoke billo,oed slooly from
the tall
Stone chimney as though loath TO
lenpe and might
Return to thro,D its spicy, hlnny shnwi
Around the fire from phich it started
flight.
UptDard it slo,Dly inched its Wdy and
then
StOerDed of to wander though the
countryside,
Spreading the Uhisper through the field
and glen
OF those deep things the hearth has
multiplied,
Such as the smoke of dreams, which
from the fires,
Scars high, unmindful of the ,Dinds Of
chance,
And tDith mems vision constantly con.
spires
70 outtoit fate, to conquer circum-
stance,
That each may hare his door, his fire.
side fDhere
The scent Of mood smoke fingers In the
ar. EDWARD D. GARNER.
Evening star., 1945-08-14

a free press, censorship in this war
has raised no question of infringing
the basic principles of free press.
Censorship has been so plainly
based on security that it has invited
no sound suspicious as to Interior
motives. The right of criticism has
not been touched, If publications
have willingly helped out it was
because the need for such co-opera-
ton was so logically presented and
so easily understood.
Evening star., 1945-08-14
Censorship Neurs End

Commenting on an announcement
by Director Byron Price of the Office
of Censorship that censorship will
end an hour after President Truman
announces victory over Japan, a
British censorship official said, 'I
don't think we will be as dramatic
as that" Censorship in Britain, he
indicated, would be needed for an
interval during the mopping-up
operations to follow the surrender
of Japan.
But it is to be doubted that Mr..
Price was thinking of dramatics in
announcing his readiness to shut up
the censorship shop and go home
Immediately after Japan quits. On
the other hand, the announcement
is in keeping with the reputation for
efficiency won by this agency during
the war and with the spirit under
which it has conducted its often
onerous operations.
AS far as censorship of interna-
tlonal communications, by cable,
letter, etc., is concerned, it is difficult
to see the continued need after
Japan folds up. AS for the censor
ship of news, any continuation of
that practice after cessation of hos
tilities would be contradictory to the
principle on which news censorship
has operated during the war. The
censorship by military authorities in
the war theaters still might con-
tinue. But that is purely a military
function, under control of the mill
tary and presumably will be main
tanned by them until they are dis
placed by civilian authority.
Unlike the censorship during the
last war, the censorship function in
this war has been exercised by the
Office of Censorship with a mini
mum of criticism and with general
praise by the press for the manner
in which 1t has been conducted.
Two things contributed to this rec
ord. One was that censorship has
been voluntary to degree that
placed chief responsibility on pub
lications themselves. The other was
that the censorship code, drawn up
to guide the whole operation, was
80 sensible in its provisions and SO
reasonably interpreted by Mr.. Prices
Office that it facilitated the sort Of
cooperation which the majority of
editors were anxious to offer.
While any form Of censorship Is
fepugnant TO those who believe in
Evening star., 1945-08-14
Worthy Of Their Hire
From the Ottawa Citizen.

rFom tne OttaWA Clt1zen.
Education has to be more than merely
putting the children through the daily
routine Of memorizing lessons. Teachers
have to be leaders in the life Of the
community. More teachers are needed
to share the responsibilities of training
the young people to 1T into the higher
standard Of living In the country.
Evening star., 1945-08-14

Don't forget: There will be a day
when all that will remain of our
time in the memory of man will be:
In the first half of the twentieth
century, there were several wars"
Evening star., 1945-08-14

If the New Age now beginning
needs a motto, this might be it:
Hats off to the past, coats off to
the future!"
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
HOLD
ANNUAL PARTY

A delightful and entertaining party
was held at union headquarters, NJ
East Park street, by the Transfers Or
ganiation Thursday evening, February
is. 1915. It was the annual celebration
Of the Union. A program Of music and
entertainment was presented. Those
participating were:
William Hotter, Jr. accordion selec-
tons: Jack Caffney, songs, accompanied
by Frankie Heffern; Fred Harvey, piano
numbers; MI. O'Connor, songs; Joe Mad
son. songs and guitar; FTit LEM, songs,
accompanied by Mr.. Wright. Mr.. Wright
also played several numbers, At the end
of the program Fritz LEM led the entire
group in singing God Bless America
The officers of the Transfers union
are: Lee Vercammen, president; ken
meth Davis, vice present; w. H. McIn-
tosh, ecretary-treasurer L. H. Bradley,
recording secretary; Frank Birmingham,
business agent.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
School of Mines Students
VIII Register for
Second Term March 8

Registration for second-teTm courses
al Montana school of Mines will be held
March S between 8 a. M. and noon. it
has been announced by Dean a. E
Adamt. vice president of the school.
Dean Adami said that in addition to
the Navy viz program, regular courses
will be- offered leading to the bachelor
of science degrees fin mining, m~etallurgi-
cal ana geological engineering to all stu
dents qualified to register for second
semester work in the freshman. sophie
more. Junior and senior years. Detailed
information regarding registration and
the courses may be obtained by writing
or phoning the registrars office at the
School of Mines. The telephone number
is 66O6.
Dean. Adami called attention to the
fact that returned servicemen, dis
charged under conditions other than dis
honorable. may receive aid from the gov
eminent under two laws passed by Con-
gress. namely: Public law No. 15, which
pertains to the education and rehabili-
tation training of veterans who have
been discharged from the armed forces
because Of physical disability and also
Public law NO. 346, known as Jne 1t.
To- bin OF rights for the education of
servicemen discharged without physical
handicap.
Under the &C. T." law, veterans must
have served at least 80 days exclusive Of
anv period assigned for education in the
specialized Army or Navy college train
ing program. The veteran is entitled to
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22

Detroit, Philadelphia. Cleveland, cincin-
natl, los Angeles and other cities even
the conservative Republican newspapers,
often critical of President Roosevelt's
foreign policy, had nothing but praise
for the outcome Of his conference with
Stain and Churchill at Yalta.
The exceptions were the Scripps-How-
ard New York World Telegram, which
called it "a compromise in which Stain
dictated most Of the terms" Eleanor
(Cissiel Patterson's isolatiOnist Wash
ington Times-Herald. which hit news
stand customers between the eyes with
f~ront-page streamer headlines Crimea
Pact a Crime-Berlin; ana Col Robert
R. McCormick's Chicago Tribune. which
said that Stain had tricked the Allies.
Strangely enough the same sour. tired
note was heard over Radio Berlin and
Radio Tokyo. which handed down the
official Nazi propaganda line that the
U. S. and Britain played second fiddle"
to Russia at the conference. It was
nothing but an absolute Anglo-Amer-
lean submission to the overwhelming in
nuence Of Russia Radio Tokyo said.
But in the U. s., as in London, Paris.
Moscow and all Allied world capitals.
the Crimean decisions, sounding certain
doom to Fascism, made even the mill
tary news take second place
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
VAWTER NOMINATED
FOR SCHOOL TRUSTEE

E. c. Vawter, nominated OF the hide
pendent school ticket at Carpenters
Union hall February 10, ls45, is and has
been secretary Of the Trades and Labor
Council for the past five years. He is
also a member and an officer Of the
Clerks union. Mr.. Vawter has taken a
lively interest in civic and school affairs,
having been secretary Of the mdepend-
ent School party for the past five years.
Mrs. Vawter is prominent in Parent
Teacher association circles in both city
and state.
0r. and mrs. Vawter are The parents
Of three children, two Of whom attend
the Monroe public school. He is a tax
payer, owns his own home and lives at
936 Iowa. Mr.. Vawter is progressive in
his social and economic ideas and would
make a splendid addition to the Board
Of School Trustees.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
War Dog Reception and
Training Center,
Camp Rimini. Is Sold

1T has been announced by the office OF
the division engineer, Pacific division
that the War department buildings To-
Gated near Camp Rimini, CCC camp
F-79, approximately 10 miles southwest
of Helena, have been sold. The items
sold consisted of six buildings and struc-
lures. Fourteen sealed bids We're received
ana were opened at the previously APP
pointd hour, 2 p. m, NOV. is, 1914. The
successful bidders we're Milan A. Hal
cerson, 1915 Eighth avenue, Helena; Pc
der Ostberg, 6S3 North Ewing, Helena;
Bielen and Schneider, 1905 Railroad
avenue, Helena; MI. Virginia Boswell,
q South Benton street, Helena, and
Card Engineering Works, Helena.
All buildings and structures are to be
removed from the property within 1870
days so that real property may be re-
turned to the lessor.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22

The e~x-servicemen, in addition, will re-
eeive $50 per month if they have no
dependents and SIS per month if they
have dependents.
The School Of Mines head also called
attention to action by the Montana
board of education. which in a recent
ruling, approved admission to the uni
versity units as special students. men or
women, ~honorably discharged from the
armed forces who cannot offer all Of the
requirements for admission. These re-
~quirements include age, previous scholas-
tic records and other details.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
BIG THREE DECISIONS
HAILED BY WORLD

NEW XORK-lFP)-From union halls
to Wall street, Americans were united
in hope for the future peace of the
world as they hailed FEB. 10 the historic
agreements reached by the Big Three
at the Crimea conference. The news
from Yalta was greeted with over
whelming joy throughout the war-torn
world. Only the voices of Tokyo and
Berlin and a few feeble echoes in the
American press objected.
Leaders of the CLIO in London for the
World Trade Union conference joined
with the union leaders of all the United
Nations in sending kilograms to Presi-
dent Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill
and Premier Stain voicing their "ap-
probation and gratitude for the SPLEEN
did work done by the Big Three at the
Crimea conference"
As the first statements began to come
in from individual unions, the Greater
New York Go council, in the name Of
its 100000 members, said the Crimea
conference advances the movement to-
ward victory and lasting peace with the
speed Of s-even-league boots" and called
for strengthened unity Of industry, gov
eminent ana labor to carry it through.
The conference Shattered all illusions
of the Fascists in Germany and else
where" the National Maritime Union
CCIO) said. It means "a partnership Of
-aaaa
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22
News Of Great Falls
Building Trades Council
Communications

Communications
Minutes of the Cascade County Trades
and Labor Assembly were read and filed
Resolution Of the Billings, Montana,
Metal Trades Council regarding the
pierce Packing company read and on
motion the resolution was %concurred in.
From Representatives Ralph Parker
and Leo c. Graybin stating that they
would vigorously oppose House Bill l45.
Letters filed.
From Frank Murray, clerk Of the Su-
preme Court, enclosing decisions Of the
state Supreme Court for the week end
ing Feb. 10, 1945, and asking for our
full address for the purpose Of sending
Montana labor news., 1945-02-22

A jealous politician in Arizona intro
duced a bill in the legislature making it
a crime punishable by fines up to $1,000
or a year in jail to circulate any rumor
which is "derogatory."
There's a guy who knows where his
bread-and-policy is coming from.