davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
Latin ENJOYS Aid
Monroe Contest
By JERRY PETIT

Diplomatic officials of Central
and South American countries
Will act as a special Pan-Ameri-
can sponsoring committee for the
vast oratorical contest 10 be con-
Quoted by the Detroit Times and
affiliated Hearst newspapers as a
tribute 10 James Monroe, fifth
president of the United States
and one of the nations greatest
statesmen.
This is appropriate inaSmuch as
Monroe, father OF the famous
Monroe Doctrine. was the first 10
warn Europe and the world that
America was for the Americans.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
Detroit Calm
Over Curfew
Night Spots Report
No Unusual Rush

The WMC's curfew order clos
ing all amusement places at mid
night starting tonight, approached
today apparently unnoticed by De-
troiters, who, unlike fun seekers
on the East and West Coasts,
made no last minute rush for the
night spots.
The order closes Detroit's spots
only two hours earlier than nor
nal, but on both coasts, where the
clubs stay open until 4 a. m, the
order was felt more keenly.
A check of night spots through
out the city early today showed
business, with A few exceptions,
was normal, with no last hour
revelry AS had been anticipated.
J FunSeekers generally agreed the
'curfew would not impose a major
hardship since most Detroit clubs
have announced they will provide
the usual entertainment by OPEN
Inc earlier.
The War Manpower Commission
order directed all public places Of
amusement and private clubs TO
stop serving drinks AT l1:30 p. m.
and 10 clear their establishments
Of patrons by midnight.
Restaurants which cuStomarily
operate ~ hours 4 day and places
authorized officially for service
mems entertainment tSuCh as the
CSO) viii be allowed 10 remain
open past the curlew hour.
The only other exception will
be restaurants in war plant areas
which serve war workers and re-
main open for a few hours past
midnight. Bars serving food and
not in a war plant area must
abide hY the curfcW. Edward /
Cushman. regional VINO director,
said.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27

In accepting membership of the
sponsoring committee former
President Herbert Hoover said:
Il am glad to be of service
in so worthy n project"
DEWEY CHAIRMAN
Gov. Thomas f. Dewey, who is
chairman of the New York state
also gave the compe-
titon a hearty endorsement. Said
he:
"The Hearst newspapers are
TO he congratulated upon con-
ducting their 1945 national
Oratorical contest. l am sure
that the competition will stimu-
late the interest of students all
over the nation In the history
and public affairs of their coun-
try. and will result In q better
understanding and appreciation
of our American ideals"
As in the previous competitions
honoring Thomas Jefferson and
John Paul Jones, outstanding ex-
perts of the three major religious
faiths will act as judges at all
eliminations throughout n e
James Monroe and the Monroe
Doctrine competition.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
Car Runs Red Light,
Hits Man, Speeds Off

Theodore Gabriel, 3s, Of 1929
Field. IS in serious condition in
Receiving Hospital today, the VIC
tim Of a hit-run driver.
Both Of Gabriels legs were
fractured when the speeding car
plunged through a rcd light at F..
Grand Blvd and KerCheVal.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
ALL-EXPENSE TOURS

Prize awards will be supple
mented by an appropriate trip for
each of the two grand national
champions. Additional details Of
this all-expense tour will be an
nounced later.
Public spirited citizens from all
over the country have given
lavish praise TO this contest
which win be the third to be con-
Quoted by the Hearst newspapers
in tribute TO great American.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
INVITED ON COMMITTEE

Among those who are expected
TO serve on this committee are
Dogenes Escalante, ambassador of
Venezuela; Andre Liautaud, am
baSsador of Haiti; Marcial Mora,
ambassador of Chile, and Celso
r. Volazguez. ambassador OF
Paraguay.
Thousands of college and high
school students in l3 key cities
from New York 10 California will
compete in this educational event
and tribute to the man who helped
TO negotiate the Louisiana Pur-
chase and 10 form American for
eign policy for many years.
A total of $4,000 in national
and local awards has been Of
fered 10 the winners, the top
prize being $1,000 in war bonds.
Prizes wifi be in two sets. one for
the winning college student and
the other for the winning high
school student.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
Deep
Traps Driver

Joe Cronin of 1928 Archdale
thought he knew every bump and
dimple in the pavement on Curtis
until today.
Driving TO work as usual his
car suddenly took a nose-dive
into a two-foot hole on Curtis
near Harlow and there it stopped.
1t took hoist to get him out
Police ordered lanterns placed
around a large cave-in, believed
caused by the thaw.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
Japs TO War on Turks

SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 26
tUPJ-Radio Tokyo said today
that Japan will declare war on
Turkey which declared war
against Germany and Japan yes
terdaV.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27

35 900 in 1892. saying that sales
came back only half way IN the
next FIVE years.
EXCHANGE A HANDICAP
THE greater part Of our loss
was in those countries where
rigid exchange controls dis
eliminated against us"
Morgenthau said that a post
war economy Of full production
and full employment would re-
qulre American exports of at least
10 billion dollars.
He said the producing and con-
Stunning capacity of all countries
must be expanded, not merely re-
stored.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27

"YOur Own Horoscope" by
Frances Drake, is one of many
famous features tn The Detroit
Times.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27

that dlIfer CONSIDERABLY from tht cUh-
yentional.
Prejudice against elevateds is attributed
chiefly to the unsightiness and noise of
the original lines built in New York and
Chicago.
Advocates of the "el' contend that
newer lines in New York, Philadelphia and
some European cities have eliminated most
of the Objectionable qualities.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-27
BY JOHN CREECY

TN THEIR quest for practical form of rapid transit
for Detroit, planners have turned to elevated
- lines an alternative TO subways
Elevated lines have not been generally popular with
the public, recent planners have produced designs
Evening star., 1945-08-09

quoted by Domei, had said the at
tack opened at ] am, Japanese
time.
Harbin is 225 to 300 or more miles
from the twisting Eastern Man.
churian frontier along the Ussuri
River, where units of the Kwan-
tung Army have been massed.
Japs Deployed Along Frontier.
II the japanese make a deter
mined stand here, the fighting may
well be bloody. The best trained
and best-equipped units of Hiro-
hito's forces are believed to have
been held in Manchuria all through
the war against just such an even
tuality. The Kwantung Army has
been deployed along the winding
frontier formed by the Ussuri and
the Amur Rivers.
At the nearest point the eastern
border Of Manchuria, which Tokyo
renamed Manchukuo, lies within
about. 80 miles of the great Soviet
Pacific base of Vladivostok. The
eastern border area also includes
the Chankufeng area near the
northern tip of Korea, where the
Kwantung Army was defeated in an
undeclared war with Soviet Far
Eastern forces before the European
war.
London reports estimated that
the Japanese had about 1000, ,00(
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Marine General Sees Action
As Speeding End of War

PEARL HARBOR, Aug. 8 (P.-
Entry of Russia into the war with
Japan was acclaimed yesterday by
the commanding general of Amer
lean Marine forces in the pacific
as speeding "the day when peace
throughout the world once again
will reign supreme"
I'VE welcome our ally Russia into
the war against the common enemy,
the japanese" 1t. Gen. Roy S.
Getger said.
Vice Admiral John H. Hoover,
deputy commander in chief of the
Pacific fleet for Pacific Ocean areas,
commented: THE Russians will be
able to hit the Japanese where 1t
will hurt them the most-in the
bread basket. The quicker the Rus
slams take this step the sooner the
war will be over"
1t. Gen. Robert G. Richardson, jr.
commanding general of the Centra.
Pacific, said:
"Japan's resources, which already
have been sadly depleted in the sea
and air, are not believed sufficient
to permit her to wage this type o.
warfare-several fronts-and NEE
with any hope of success the pres.
sure which will quickly follow Rus.
sia'S entry"
Evening star., 1945-08-09
1ODeportations Signal
Start Of Mass Exodus
BY the Associated Press.

tos buc dcoUCldteu fIcSS.
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 9.-Van-
guard of the first mass deportation
of aliens from the United States in
"a years, 10 Italians and Greeks will
leave August Is by train for New
York, where they will be shipped
to their homelands, Albert Del
Guercio, district director of the I'M
migration and Naturalization Serv-
ice. disclosed.
These are the first of several
thousand to be deported from all
sections of the United States, Mr..
Del Guercio said. They will join
hundreds of other deportees at New
York before sailing on the Grips
holm August %. Other groups of
deportees, including many from CAL
ifornia, will sail at later dates, he
said.
This is the first mass deportation
Of aliens, Mr.. Del Guercio said,
since several hundred Communists
were shipped to Russia in 1921.
Three known criminals" in the
group, Del Guercio said, are Eman-
uel Kistakis, alias Marcel Dellan,
convicted on a liquor smuggling
conspiracy charge in 1927; Dominic
Aiello, alias Jimmy Miller, SEN
fenced to 10 years IN prison in 1886
for counterfeiting, and Giuseppe di
Mario, fined $1,000 and sentenced
to three years In prison in 1912 for
transporting q girl to Honolulu for
immoral purposes.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
men in North China and Manchuria.

men in North China and Manchuria
There was no accurate estimate of
Soviet strength in the area. At
last reports, the Office of War In
formation said, Gen. Maxim Pur-
kaev was in command of the Soviet
Far Eastern Army, succeeding Gen.
G. M. Stern, who now Is listed as
member of the high command.
Starting Point of Aggressions.
Manchuria was the starting point
Of the chain of Japanese aggres-
sions which began in 1881 when they
seized the three northeastern prov
inces of China over American pro-
test, and eliminated with the at
tack on Pearl Harbor 10 years later.
Henry l.. Stimson, then Secretary
Of State under President Hoover,
protested the Manchurian aggres-
sion while the rest of the world
stood by. In 1882 the Japanese in
corporated the three provinces, to-
gether with Jehol, into a socalled
independent Manchu state, and gave
it puppet emperor. Persistently
the japanese clung to the fiction
of the independence of ''Manchu-
kuo", which eventually became a
member of the Axis anticomintern
pact.
With an area of more than SOC, ,00t
square miles and some of the richest
soil in Asia, Manchuria quickly be.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
came a breadbasket for the japanese

came a breadbasket for the Japanese
Empire.
Its deposits OF coal and oil shale
also were used to build up an i'm
portant arsenal for the Jap war
machine Of the plants of
which were among the first targets
for American B-29s. There have
been indications in recent months
that japanese forces on the Asiatic
continent would fall back into Man
churia as a last redoubt as Allied
naval and air power closed up to.
the homeland.
Before the start Of the European
war there had been constant fric-
tion between Japan and Russia that
grew into large-Scale armed clashes
in both 1888 and 1889.
The 1888 fighting was along the
eastern border at Changkufeng Hill
and announced Japanese casualties
in the incident" which went on
for weeks, totaled 10000. The Rus
slams said there were many more.
The fighting in 1889 was along the
western border of Manchuria and
Soviet-dominated Outer Mongolia,
and ended abruptly in an arnlistice
with the outbreak of the European
war, followed by the conclusion of
the Jap-Soviet neutrality pact OF
1941 that Russia denounced last
April S.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Russia
Continued From First Page.) J

lowing the Soviet Unions declara-
ton of war against Japan" another
Tokyo broadcast said.
"It is understood the meeting will
be held again tomorrow to decide
the party's policy to be presented to
the government as well as the high
command" the broadcast added.
(The Australian radio, quoting
Domei broadcast, said the
Japanese cabinet held an emer-
gency session today to discuss
the Russian declaration of war;
Army Told to Settle Old Score.
The Soviet radio at Khabarovsk
directed the Red Army to ''settle an
old score" with Japan, and to bend
all efforts to smash Japanese im-
perialism $50 that mankind can
breathe freely after getting rid of
aggression"
The special broadcast called the
Japanese "the worst enemies Of our
people and all the peace-loving peo-
Piles of the world"
"Generalissimo Stain is leading
you to battle" the broadcast said.
THE fatherland has assigned you
an honorable mission-to destroy the
source Of aggression In the East, to
assure the security Of the Far East
ern borders Of the Soviet State"
An earlier communique from the
Japanese Kwantung Army head
quarters at HSinking (Changchun)
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Yonks in AIeution Area
Wait Start of HostiIities

-ADAK, Aleutians, Aug. 9 (R.-All
along Americas great Aleutians
hastion, Servicemen long denied
front-line action waited today for
the development of hostilities be-
tween Russia and Japan.
Formidable land, sea and air
forces under the tactical command
of Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletch-
er, hero of the battles of Midway
and the Coral Sea, who has been
up here many months laying plans
for this day, stood ready to lend
Russia support wherever it might
be needed.
There was possibility expressed
here that fighting might break out
between Red Kamchatkan forces
aid the japanese navy and army
forces at Kataoka in the Northern
Kurile Islands.
Japanese and Russian bases are
only a few miles apart across the
Kurile Strait which separate Lo-
patka and Shumushu Island, where
the japanese base of Kataoka only
yesterday underwent q severe 11th
Army Air Force Liberator raid that
left fires burning anew at that
much-bOmbed place.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Reds Radio Broodc { 7sts
Martial Music Proorom

LONDON, Aug. (P.-Patriotic
songs and martial music accom-
panied the Soviet declaration of
war as broadcast by the Moscow
radio.
Late last night Moscow broad
casts heard in London struck the
familiar pattern of the many vic
torious orders of the day that came
from Generalissimo Stain during
the European war.
Immediately after broadcasting
the declaration of war the radio
swung into a program of rousing
regimental marches of guards
units, interspersed with patriotic
songs.
The numbers featured "The Song
of the Fatherland" and the "Vor-
oshilov March," named for former
Defense Commissar Marshal Kle-
menti VoroShilov.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
War Crimes
Continued From First Page.)

rather than the way to honors, we
will have accomplished something
toward making the peace more Sc
cure" Justice Jackson said in his
statement.
He also asserted 1--WE must make
clear to the Germans that the wrong
for which their fallen leaders are
on trial is not that they lost the war,
but that they started it,"
The Charter listed the procedure
for defendants, insuring them an
advance copy Of the indictment in
the language they understand, CIV
ing them the right to counsel and to
cross-examination of prosecution
witnesses, and to make any ex-
planation' about the charges
against them. But there appeared
to be no provision for them to call
witnesses Of their own choosing
apparently a barrier against any
attempt to summon leaders OF other
countries. Court proceedings will
be carried on in English, Russian
French and the language of the de-
fendant.
The agreement gave all members
Of the United Nations an opportu-
nifty to sign the document, and pre-
served the right of any nation to
seek the return Of any criminal
against whom 1t has special griev-
ance.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Moscow Papers Call
For Total Wiping Out
OF Jap ImperiaIists
Pv m, axsor;atsd pres.

Ry the Associated Press.
LONDON, Aug. 9.-The Soviet
government newspaper Izvestia, &C
cusing the Japanese of pursuing IAN
aggressive predatory policy" said
today:
Even now, after the collapse Of
Hitlerite Germany, faced with a
fiasco, japanese imperialists stub
bornly drag out the war. The peo-
Piles Of the U. S. S. r., as well as
the freedom-loving nations of the
world can no longer tolerate a sit
uation in which Japanese imperial
lists stubbornly condemn the coun-
tries of Eastern Asia to the horrors
and devastation of war.
THE interests of all humanity re-
quire that the last center of war
be extingushed as soon as possible. "
In another editorial broadcast
from Moscow, Pravda forecast "the
same fate as that of Hitlerite Ger
many" for the Japanese. Hailing
Russia's war declaration as a wise
decision" fully supported by Russian
public sentiment, Pravda said:
The japanese imperialists mis-
calculated in the same way that
their German allies miscalculated.
The lesson of Germany did not
seem enough for the Japanese ag-
gressors. They underestimated the
bonds of the Allies. Japanese gov
erning circles disregarded, it seems,
the interests of the Japanese people.
The same fate awaits them as that
of Hitlerite Germany"
Today a new historic task faces
us-to complete together with our
Allies the defeat of imperialist ia
pan in order to insure stable peace
and bring the war to a speedy con-
clusion in the interest of all the
peoples of the world. ss . The Japa-
nese aggreSsor will be smashed"
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Polio Victim Qualities
For Wasfepaper Award
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MINNEAPOLIS, Aug. O. Harry
Higgenbothem, 12-year-old Dallas
(Tex) victim of poliomyelitis, has
qualified for an Eisenhower waste
paper collection award, although he
is confined to a bed at Elizabeth
Kenny Institute.
Harry, a Cub Scout, succeeded in
collecting 1000 pounds of scrap. His
nurse said he divested the institute
and attaches of their paper.
Plans call for Brig. Gen. George
r. Acheson of the AAF to present
the medal in a special ceremony
at the institute Sunday.
Harry, stricken with polio five
years ago, has been at the institute
for three years. He intends to be-
come a minister.
Evening star., 1945-08-09
War Makes Russia ELIGIBLE
For Billion in Lease-Lend

BY the Associated Press.
Russia automatically became elig-
ible for $1,000, 900 900 in lease-lend
aid when she declared war against
Japan, according to Foreign Eco
nomic Administration officials.
Since the defeat of Germany, she
had been receiving only limited
supplies under lease-lend, via ST.
IBERIA.
However, Foreign Economic Ad-
ministrator Leo Crowley had fore
seen the possibility that Russia
would declare war against Japan
when Congress appropriated addi-
tional funds for the program last
June.
At his urging, it approved a pro-
vision that $1,000, 100000 Of the a.
385, ,000, 900 budget would be allotted
for supplies to Russia in event she
Joined the Allies In the Pacific war
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Russian Declaration
Fulfilled Obligations
Under World Charter

Russia's entry into the war against
Japan was recorded oficially here
today as complying with her obliga-
tions under the United Nations
Charter for joint action with the
other Big Five nations to main
tain peace. and security" pending
formal establishment of the world
security system.
President Truman called these
obligations forcibly to the atten-
ton of Premier Stain at the Pots
dam Conference, and emphasized
that the Charter expressly provided
they superseded any other interna-
tional agreements-such as Russia S
nonaggression pact with Japan
which technically was not due to
expire until next April.
This was disclosed late yesterday
by Secretary of State Byrnes, who
accompanied the President to Pots
dam.
Some observers pointed out that
Stains prompt declaration Of wal
against Japan could be construed
as an effective answer to questions
about Russia's sincerity regarding
international cooperation which
were raised in some quarters during
the San Francisco Conference.
The Charter provisions cited to
Stain by the President were based
on paragraph in the 1943 Moscow
Declaration in which Russia, Great
Britain and China joined at the in
sistance Of former Secretary of State
Hull, in calling for joint action by
these four nations to maintain peace
and security pending the end Of the
war and establishment of a general
security system.
In view Of these obligations, Mr..
Truman told Stain that he believed
it proper" for Russia to cooperate
with other great powers now at war
with Japan with a view to joint
action on behalf of the community
of nations to maintain peace and
security"
Evening star., 1945-08-09
Macarthur Delighted
Al Red Declaration
OF War on Japan
Ey the Associated Press.

MANILA, Aug. 9.-Gen. MacAr-
thur said today he was delighted
at the Russian declaration of war
against Japan"
This will make possible a great
pincer movement which cannot fail
to end in the destruction of the
enemy" he said. I'm Europe, Rus
sia was on the Eastern Front and
the Allies on the West. Now the
Allies are on the East and Russia
on the West-but the result will be
the same"
Prompt steps are expected to be
taken to set up liaison between the
Red Army and Gen. MacArthur's
headquarters There was no i'm
mediate indication what form CO.
ordination between the two COM
mands would take, but it was as
sumed that the Potsdam Confer
ences, in which the combined chiefs
of staff of America, Britain and
Russia exchanged plans, set the
framework for future action.
Gen. MacArthur's Far Eastern
Air Force made its first move in
support of their new allies this
morning when millions of leaflets
printed in Japanese were showered
on the japanese population only
lew hours after war was declared.
Drop Psychological Bombs.
The leaflets, printed in advance,
were designed to explode a psyche
logical bomb on the war-weary enc
my civilians.
Brig. Gen. Bonner F. Feller, psy-
Geological warfare officer who op-
crates under the direct supervision
OF Gen. Macarthur, admitted the
advance preparation was a gamble
that the Soviet Union would come
into the war.
However, as long as four months
ago, the probability that she would
come IN seemed so strong that we
felt 1t would be a criminal neglect
If we did not plan an exploitation
OF the psychological advantages of
this probable event." he said.
Much advance preparation under
the closest secrecy went into the
message to the japanese people.
Gen. Fellers said. Only one COPY of
the English translation of the text
ever existed at a time.
Red Army Strikes.
The leaf1et was labeled The Red
Army Strikes"
1t showed large picture of an
American CT warmly clasping the
hand of Soviet soldier across a
map of Japan's home islands.
Less than 10 persons knew of
the existence of the leaflets in the
Manila printing headquarters, where
hundreds of Army men and civil
ians are employed.
The messages were spread over
Japan by Mitchell, Liberator and
Invader bombers from advance
FEAT bases,