davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01
APT FOR RENT to couple, AT.
. Legal Notices
Omaha Guide st
Edw. J. Dugan, Atty.
PROBATE NOTICE
Blk. 6, r 4oa

Blk. 65, II 400
In the Matter of the Estate Of
FANNIE M. OWEN, Deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN:
That the creditors of said deceased
will meet the administrator of said
estate, before me, County Judge Of
Douglas County, Nebraska, at the
County Court Room, in said County
on the 4th day of December, 1915
and on the 4th day of February
1916 at 9 o'clock A., NJ, each day.
for the purpose OF presenting their
claims for examination, adjustment
and allowance. Three months arc
allowed for the creditors to present
their claims, from the Bird day Of
November 1915.
ROBERT TROYER,
County Judge.
Omaha Guide. ct
begin 11-1O-45- end 1921, As
W. B. BRYANT, Atty.
PROBATE NOTICE
Blk. IS. P. 464.
IN THE MATTER OF THE ES-
TATE OF NELLIE CLARK, De-
ceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN:
That the creditors Of said deceased
will meet the Administrative OF
said estate, before me. County
Judge of Douglas County, Nebraska
at the Cour Room, in said County.
on the End day of January. 1916 and
on the End day of March, 1916. at 3
o'clock A. NJ, each day. for the pur-
pose Of presenting their claims for
examination, adjustment and allow
ance. Three months are allo we'd
for the creditors to present their
claims. from the LIST day Of Deem
Der, 1945.
ROBERT r. TROYER,
County Judge.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01
WE CAN MAKE DEMOCRACY

Continued from page ey7D
news the obligation of the Gov
ern1.lent to examine he economic
situation regularly clch year, and
t. take whatever s.ciS may be the
besl calculated to increase the OPP
portunities for employment and
investment. No single group IN
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

"The processes of reconversion
have been seriously set back ~ a
combination of OPA policies and
labor disturbances."-P II.
Nystrom, Prof. of Marketing,
Columbia Univ.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

Smoking is generally ac-
cepted ioday. "-School Supt. r.
A. Talbot Oak Tree, N. J., Der
uniting teachers to use tobacco.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01
QUOTES
or TIE WEEK

I'm the atomic bum, and very
restIess."-Jerome Stern, 10, of
Chicago, starting pdlkirg tour
to San Diego and Phosnir.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

"Then maybe Congressman
would stay in their seats and
maintain decorum."-Rep. NJ. T.
Bennett, Missouri urging soft
chairs in the House.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

I'D have beaten him to a pulp
if I'd caught him."-Congress-
aDoman Jessie Sumner, I'LL, soho
chased attacker in Wash, d. c.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01
7" Real Estate, Homes
q GALE ID

Beautiful IA room house, 2 baths,
u acre ground, chicken house,
double garage, servant quarters,
and dance hall. Ideal place for a
Club House. Owner is leaving
city. Possession at Once! Loca-
ton 2811 Caldwell St. For in
formation Call HA-4997.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

Labor has a stern RESPONSE
bility to see that demands ior
wage increases are reasonable"
President Tr7tnldn.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01

Neatly Furnished Room for Rent
Call AT-8810.
The Omaha guide., 1945-12-01
Classified Ads Get Results!

A large, medium front room for
rent, Call JA-O306.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-01-04
BUSINESS SERVICE

WINTER PRICES NOW. Painting
experimenting, industrial. COM
mercial homes. Paper removed by
steam. Phi. wy. 2246 or 2928W.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1945-01-04

LOST-MALE COLLIE, tan and
white. Answers to "Laddie". Has
bruised right hind foot. Phi. 1861
or bring dog to zoos 22nd. Reward.
(2s79B)
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

existing tenantfarming system OF
this country which eth reta ms
many remains Of feudalism and pre-
vents healthy development Of agri.
culture.
At the present time farm rents in
Japan are among the highest II
not the highest in the world.
They run 40 per cent on rice fields
where two crops may be produced
during a year and i5 per cent on
oncea.year fields. Japanese agri.
cultural experts contrast this figure
with the rents in other agricultural
countries which they say are from
10 20 20 per cent.
The proposed bill would permit
tenant farmers 20 pay their rent in
cash and would permit them TO sell
their rice directly 10 the govern
ment. thus getting more money
than they can now.
The question Of payment OF farm
rents by cash was discussed once
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24
Many Christmas Customs
Taken From Pagan Holiday

| Chicago. Dec. 24-INs-Ameri-
cans who observe the Christmas
festival with candles. mistletoe and
holly wreaths actually are celebral-
ing Pagan rites developed long be-
fore the birth OF Christ.
Miss Mary Emogine Hazeltine
principal or the University or Wis
consin Library School, pointed out
that OF American Yuletide celebra-
tionS che custom OF exchanging
gifts is one OF the few that springs
from the Christian era
Candles and yule logs arose
from the heather festivals obserg-
ing the winter solstice. Dec. 81.
when the days begin ito lengthen.
This was a time OF great rejoicing
for ancient sun-wOrshippers who
built boniires to give strength 10
the winter "sun-god".
Pre-Christmas Romans ornament
ed their homes with green boughs
for the feast of the Satrurnalia
which began on Dec. 49, Druids
gathered mistletoe for that season,
while ancient Saxons used holly,
/ y, mistletoe and holly wreaths,
Miss HaZeltine said
Christmas trees. too. spring from
ancient German days when the
Germanic tribes made sacrifices to
the sacred oak tree OF Odin. When
the Missionary St Boniface travel.
ed to Germany in the eighth cen
fury, he persuaded the natives to
substitute a, fir tree for the oak
and to adorn it in tribute to the
Christ Child. Prince Albert intro
duced the tree to England after his
marriage to Queen Victoria, while
IL was brought to America by Ger
man immigrants.
In the pre-Christian world the
celebration of the winter solstice
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

However in the Netherlands and
Belgium gifts are given on Dec. s.
a special holiday for children. In
France gifts are exchanged on New
Years lay and In Italy presents
are distributed on the epiphany, the
celebration OF Christs baptism.
St Francis OF Assist originated
the use OF the creche, a miniature
tableau OF the Nativity, in 1924, and
also encouraged the singing OF
Christmas carols.
American Christmas shoppers,
harassed by grueling pre-holiday
preparations, should take heart that
Christmas is celebrated on a single
day. In some lands during the
middle ages the festival lasted
from Dec. "a TO Jan. twelfth
highland In others from Dec. p
to Feb. 2.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

was the principal event OF the
year. Because the exact day and
year OF Christ's birth never have
been satisfactorily settled. the faith
ers Of the Church in $40 A. D. wise
ly chose the day OF the winter soils
tice in selecting an official date FOR
Christs birth. Owing TO changes
in man-made calednars," Miss Hab-
eltine explained. "tho time of the
solstice and the date OF Christmas
vary by a few days"
The exchange OF gifts was orig.
mated by =. bishop born in the third
century A. d.. who later became
the Netherlands patron saint Of
children-Saint Nicholas, or Santa
Claus.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24
Japs Seek
Cash Plan

TOKYO-TP- Agricultural ex-
perts believe japanese farmers
would be inclined to exert more
effort toward increased food pro
duction II the present government
plan to change rent payments from
kind to cash is put into effect.
Under The present system, farm
ers have little chance to get cash
and qualified observers believe the
proposed new system would be an
incentive to them.
Authorities Of the Agriculture
Forestry Ministry are now rushing
preparations on a bill which would
result in drastic revision OF the
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

a pheasant Finally. she narrowly
missed striking a deer with her
car. Her hunting" took place On
a l2mle stretch OF road. Now
Miss Dusapin has a sign on the
front OF her car Il reads: Crit
tiers Beware.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

Thermopolis. Wyo. -UP-Miss
Florence kusaph, OF Thermopolis
had some unusually good luck. and
quite unintentiOnal. she says, In
hunting with her car one night.
First she struck a skunk. Next. in
order. we're a large iackrabblt and
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

by former Agriculture and Forestry
Minister Tadastsu lshiguro under
the Suzuki Cabinet. However. no.
thing materiaiized az that time Dee.
cause o. the objections OF GeuH
Abe who was Home Minister fhen
japanese sources said.
Agricultural leaders say Kauze
mura. the present Agriculture and
forestry Minister, appears 20 have
resolved 10 settle definitely this
issue. He has selected Hiroo Wada.
who has been regarded as a Red
official and who Wa detained by
the police during the war, 20 carry
out various drastic rey.sious IN
Japan's agricultural administration.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-12-24

VANCOUVER. B. GINS Van
couyer, B. C., now has It's first wom-
an truant officer IN the history o.
Its schools. She is Kathleen f..
Armstrong. graduate of the Uni.
versity OF British Columbia depart,
ment OF social service.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

Screen Stars Secret
Holywood's lovely Wendy Barrie saws.
/ mentally rate man four-star hit
the moment find him wearing an Adam
Hat
Smart Adam Straws. Panamas. and
lightweight Felts. created for cool com
fort are available at typical Adam
values.
80 CAMPUS MARTIUs
212q WOODWARD AVENUE
1881 GRAND RIVER AVE
ALSO offsrs complete line Of rnen's wear
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
East Side Opens
Paper Salvage

This is the day 10 which all east
side youngsters have been looking
forward eagerly
It's the day of the Waste Paper
Baseball Jamborrc, IN which 3f.-
600 grandstand tickets TO a Tiger
baseball game are expected TO be
distributed TO as many boys and
girls
Each youth who appears at
playground or recreation center
east Of Woodward with t56 pounds
of waste paper will receive a
ticket. There are u additional
prizes 10 be divided equally be-
tween my and ETrfi contestants
II is not necessary that the
entire $50 pounds required for
ticket be brought at one time,
since awards Will he made on the
basis of aggregate contributions
at the end Of the day, However.
all paper should be at the centerS
by 3 p. m.
The next collection day for play
grounds west of Woodward Will be
Tuesday.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Hits u. 8.
Wasting
Detroit Time, wa,binIton Buresu

WASHINGTON, July 5-Charg-
ing bureaucracy with being the
most reckless spendthrift Of vital
paper supplies. Senator Wiley
fR4 Of Wisconsin today demanded
that the government quit wasting
paper IN IT'S buckets Of hand
outs.
Bureaucracy has blanketed the
country like confetti with ITS
handouts. Wiley asserted des.
plte.
LIS -nN-n Warning that paper
is scarce and IS urgently needed
for our armed forces.
. The anguiShed pleas Of busi-
nessmen and farmers that they
be spared from The floods Of
questlonnaires. "pabAcIty' re-
leases and subtle and direct
propaganda.
. The fact that private enter.
prise cannot get sufficient pa.
per for its own essential busi-
ness Uses
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
.CdmpMusiiciidns


INTERLOCHEN july ) fUP4
An avalanche OF letters from
Interlochen's boy and girl musi-
cianS was headed toward wash
ington today urging Congress 10
pass the NandenberC-Dondero bill.
which woaid give educational
groups The night to broadcast
music
The In'erlochen musicians we're
UarTCc from me ar IN f942, Al
which time James G Petrilio. car
of The American Federation OF
AiHsic=ehaffed= that filt4ste edit
Gators are murdcTcrS training
musicians 10 take bread and but
ter from union musicians
Meanwhile Dr. Joseph Maddy
today awaited suspension from
me musicians -ttnion. with which
any AIM member teaching a. In
icrloCLcn mas been threatened.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Governors Aid
In Tourist Pdrtey
lime. stsif eerr-.penaeni

MACKINAC ISLAND, July S
The international Great Lakes
tourist and resort eeHfeFe ne 2
opened here today with the chief
executives OF Michigan and four
other states participating
Remaining as guests Of Coy.
Kelly at the conclusion Of the
governors conference were Gov
RFs4i Ralph -Gate[tR1-ef Indiana
Gov. FRANK J LauSche Cd Of
-e4A++e t'ts4ff4i n 4 J. -ff-t4ftt f4t4ftt H Of
Minnesota and Gov. RAYMOND (
Baldwin r. of Connecticut.
Coz Kell+-ealled the conference
10 create permanent association
ot The province of Ontario and
Tho states Of Michigan, Wisconsin
and Minnesota for cooperative
action m the promotion Of the
Great Lakes region as a tourist
and vacation area.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

and Vacation area
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Windsor
Crowded
International Phots

An aII-Hme record exodus OF
Detroiters 10 Windsor was re-
ported over the Fourth of July
holiday by border officials. who
said that approximately $1,000
persons passed through the Wind
Sor tunnel and crossed the Ambas-
sador bridge during the day.
Officials said that 27,000 bus
and 1000 cars went
through the tunnel while 1000
more automobiles Used the bridge.
Windsor restaurants, Offering
steaks. chops and chicken. did a
land office business As did stores
and other establishments.
me last returning car was
cleared AZ a. m. today.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Plan State
Hospital

LANSING. July 5-The state
took initial steps today 10 build
a SD 10000 state hospital for s.
800 patients near New Hudson.
Options were being taken on
a !. l.2OO-acre site on the north side
Of Grand River along the Huron
River 30 miles from Detroit and
eight miles from Brighton
Our plan is 10 90 ahead and
acquire the site and have il
ready when we get money for
construction. said { a le
Wagg chairman of the state
hospital / commission
The Grand River site he said.
was found the most desirable OF
e1ght- surveyed by engineers.
THE hospital will not he built
ALI at once, but over period of
years" Wagg said. THE first
units will accommodate l,5OO
patients and others will he
added according to a master
plan"
The Detroit Times has far more
nationally famous features than
any other Detroit newspaper.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
International Photo

were injured when tWo Liberator
bomberS Colhded a. AbbotSford
Airport the western air command
announced today
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Bombers Collide, 2 Killed

VANCOUVER B C., July 5
GNS)--Nine Royal Air Force
fhers were killed and SIX others
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
FIGHTER Pilot Killed

FORT SUMNER, n. NJ, July 5
GNS)-First 1t. Millard Nj.
White, 25, of Fremont, O., was
killed when his fighter plane
crashed near Tucumcari. n. NJ,
officials of the Fort Sumner army
air field announced.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-01-18

AND THESE HAVE EARNED THEIR FuRlouen TIE HARD WAY AM ARE HoM
ONLY FEW SHORT WEEKS AGO many Of the 1900 k heroes who are eateHnso ert he nNon on their
SOdys fuhuh we're batting on many fronts with cU IS ht@I IN ""WL 2 M5 %m@
Wi declutonsa and the autO-INtf Through fun that began WhhW y cH"um wu" N"p
snnls Oranadurg N Y Even as these vcnmnsd many tough aucw 0efT4nN m&mgE $SMNn
nI' HNl pas mS ~ pIu un r m Americans hucswln International
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-01-18

DR.. Clgndcninr viii answer
questions ef general interest
only, and then only through
his column.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-01-18
BY LOGAN CLENDFNING, MD.

DIR. GEORGE W. CORNER IS
n Of the most distinguished Of
American anatoWists. Strictly
speaking, he is an cmbryologist,
which means he studies the anat-
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-01-18

omy Of animals as they unfold be-
fore they are born. In a recent
book, yourselves Unborn yale
University Press, he presents in
a series of lectures for laymcn
some Of the problems Of his sci
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-01-18
Mother and Child

One of the vivid passages of DR..
Corners book is his description of
the ~placenta and The interchange
Of chemical and nutritional ele-
ments between mother and devel-
oping child. The placenta is part
Of the child attached to the moth
er's uterus into which it sends
little fingers called viii consisting
of an ingoing and outgoing blood
vessel.
DR.. Corner illustrates the prop
critics Of these Will by taking a
sausage casing and filing it with
some indclible ul. and then hang
ing it in a beakar of water. None
Of the NIX ever left the sausage
casing, but if he added salt solu-
ton, it Immediately got out into
the surrounding water. The Will
are selectIye ia What. they let pass
in the same WuE,
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
U. S. Planes Open
About Attack
Against Homeland

Continued from Page u
loss from the 1700-mile round trip.
Marine Corsair fighters from
Okinawa destroyed IL enemy planes
over Kyushu Sunday Three other
enemy aircraft were shot down over
the Okinawa area and another near
the Sakishima islands to the south
west.
The 2lst bomber command said
destruction wrought by Marianas-
based Superfortresses since the first
B-29 raid on Tokyo last Nov IL was
divided as follows:
Tokyo, 56.3 square miles burned
out; Osaka, 1493 lquare miles; Ma
goya, 1888 square miles; Yokohama,
894 square miles; Kobe, 6.8 square
miles; Kawasaki. 3.37 square miles;
Hamamatsu, SO square miles; Ka-
goshima, 045 square miles.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
Legislators Map
Highway Study
(Continued from Page d

Continued from Page u
blyman Thomas Malcney, (R), San
Francisco, who said it would elimi-
nate confusion in the department.
1t was opposed by several Demo-
cratic assemblymen. including Ralph
C. Dills, CD, Compton, who claim
ed Wollenberg had "lobbied against
bills to aid social progress"
The other bill would give the di-
rector of the motor vehicle depart
ment, Gordon Garland, control over
the state highway patrol.
The patrol now is under separate
direction of E. Raymond Cato. high
way patrol chief, but nominally in
the motor vehicle department.
The senate defeated bill to ex-
tend the maximum time during
which employment insurance bene-
fits are paid from % to 26 weeks.
The bill was sponsored by Gov Earl
Warren and President Truman re-
Gently asked the states to adopt
similar legislation.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
Ice Employers
Group Formed

Articles of incorporation were
filed in Imperial county superior
court Monday by the Ice Employers
association with the principal place
of business listed as Imperial VAL
ley.
Gerald H. Lampkins of Imperial
Ice company in El Centro, Thomas
r. Henderson of Shippers Ice in Ell
Centro,, Frederick A. Willard of
Holtville Ice company, Baldwin P.
Quintero Of Brawley Ice company,
and Robert p Moore of Pure Ice
were listed as directors. It was
learned, however, that Moore had
resigned and Bill Henry appointed
to take his place.
In the articles it was said that
the association was formed to in
sure peaceful harmonious, and
stable relations between employers
and employees; insure the right of
employers to bargain collectively;
to assist each oIiler in matters re-
lating to labor, particularly in the
case of hours, wages, and working
conditions, and to be of mutual as
siStance in connection with SYM
pathetic strikes or other "detri-
mental action against members by
labor unions or associations.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
Flax Growers Net
$4,000 by 0PA
DifferentiaI Rule

The Office of Price Administra-
ton Monday restored the five cent
per bushel differential on flax
grown in Imperial Valley, it was
announced Tuesday by Congressman
John Phillips in Washington D. c.
This five cent differential was
taken away from valley growers
when new orders were written by
the OPA last August" Argyle Nc
Lachlan, manager of the South
west Flaxseed association said Tues
day. This gives the valley flax
growers a rs cent per bushel differ
entail between the Minneapolis
ceiling price and the California
basing price We are asking that
the differential be retroactive to
May Is but have had no word on
that as yet"
Restoration of the five cent differ
ential will mean approximately $40,-
600 to valley flax growers on a
basis of 100000 bushels this year.
The ceiling is $310 a bushel in
Minneapolis and $3.35 at Califor-
mia basing points. Valley growers
are now interested in getting a
three cent increase across the coun-
try or $3.13 in Minneapolis and
1888 in the valley This would
mean, when added to the recently
re-acquired five cent differencial,
about $65,O0O to valley flax growers.
The fight for the differential was
started by the Southwest Flaxseed
association almost a year ago and
was carried to Washington by Con-
gresham John Phillips, Supervisor
Hugh Osborne, and Imperial County
Agricultural Commissioner B. A.
Harrigan. Data proving the super
iority of Imperial Valley flax was
taken to OPA officials, who then
restored the differential.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
S. F. Meet Nears
Adjournment
Continued from Page ID

Continued from Page ID
ty council with armed forces when
needed.
That chapter is designed to pre-
pare the organization for armed in
tervention to keep the peace. An
other hapter-designed to eradi-
cate some of the economic and So
approved by a commission Monday.
1t would create an international
council to promote solution of econ
omic and social problems.
READY TO REPORT
Several other committees are
ready to report to their parent COM
missions, the one on regional ar
rangements having approved its re-
port late Monday. Conference Off
cialS are leaving no stone unturn-
ed in their effort to complete the
work here by June 20.
The big five met late Monday for
one of their last meetings in the
Mob Hill apartment of Secretary of
State Edward r. Stettinius, Jr
They agreed to oppose mention in
the charter of the right of with
drawai of member from the or
ganization. They contend the right
is implicit and that introduction of
it at this late date would have a
bad psychological effect on world
opinion.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
BARRIGAN APPOINTED
ON ADVISORY BOARD

Raul w. Barrigan, secretary of
the Central Labor council was ap-
pointed member of the executive
board of the labor advisory COM
mittee of the Office of Price Ad-
miniStratian, he was informed
Tuesday from Washington, D. C.
He will serve on the board active
in the Imperialism Diego district.
F. McCully, regional director, made
the appointment.
One of the matters to be taken
up is that of improving the distri-
button Of food products so it will,
for instance, be unnecessary for
products grown in Imperial Valley
to be shipped to coast wholesalers
and then back to the valley again
for sale at local markets.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
SALUTES We ALL DAY

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich, June IL.
UP)--Maj. Donald j. Flint of Grand
Rapids has written home that his
right arm was stiff after he cele-
brated We Day with the Russians
at a former prison camp in Ger
many. He was serving as American
commander at the camp and took
part in the celebration by standing
on a platform with Russian Off
GERS and saluting at every indica-
ton of a cheer. As the only Russian
he knew was ''Da" (yes), speech
was impossible.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
TOP ICING OF MELONS
GIVEN TESTS IN VALLEY

Experiments in top icing of can
taloupe cars, in addition to bunker
icing, are being made in Imperial
Valley this season, it was learned
Thursday.
Similar experiments carried on IN
the Phoenix area last year were
said to have been successful and
are to be continued this year.
Top icing is expected to help in
getting the melons to market in first
class condition.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
NAVY FLIER KILLED

SAN DIEGO, June II CUP)-Ens.
D. o. Beckwith, USNR, was killed
Monday when his fighter plane
crashed into San Diego Bay follow
ing take-off from the Naval Air
Station. the navy announced Tues
day. His body was recovered by
divers.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-06-12
FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICE
MEASURES MEETS DEFEAT

WASHINGTON, June II CUP)-
The house rules committee, reject
ing plea by President Truman, re-
fused Tuesday to permit the house
to consider bill for establishing a
permanent fair employment practice
commission.