davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-03

Without attacking either labor or
management President Truman offered
both some good advice in his address
to the Nation Tuesday night. He laid
down no hard and fast formulation
example, 80 per cent boost in basic
wages or a percentage increase in
prices-to govern in the reconversion
period. But he did make it clear to
all concerned, which include the
farmers and all innocent bystanders in
labor-management wars, that it Is not
possible to knock $40, 0,000, 900 900 OF the
wage payroll of this country and at
the same time prevent def1ation.
He did make it clear also that 1t
would not be possible to have consider
able increases in prices Of industrial
products over present levels without
having an equally devastating imitation.
1t Is up to labor and management.
through sincere collective bargaining
and with some regard for the inter-
ests Of both, to work out reasonable
wage increases, where they are war
ment into dilemma where 1t will be
necessary to increase prices inordinant-
ly or shut down, quit production.
4 4
The tone of the Presidents speech
was firm. He did not declare to the
country, however. that labor was about
to be crucifed. There has been too
much OF That kind of talk In high places
during the last dozen years. He warned
labor as well as management, that they
must get together If there is to be
prosperity in this country, and he was
just as firm in telling labor it must
keep its demands reasonable as he
was in urging on industry that it deal
fairly with labor and the general public.
If labor had hoped to hear the Presi-
dent come forward with a. proposed
80 per cent increase in basic wages
the figure that large number of unions
have been clamoring fort was dis
appointed. He did, however, make it
clear that In his opinion substantial
increase in wages could be made in
many industries without necessitating
increases in prices.
The ability of industry to continue to
make profits, even with higher wages, as
Mr.. Truman pointed out, will come from
an easing of Federal taxes, already pro-
vided in new legislation; from the fact
Evening star., 1945-11-03

While Britain. Russia and the United
States engage In private" CONVERSE
tions intended to patch up the damaged
fabric Of their relations, an area oc-
cupied by some 900 900 ,00c people Is the
scene Of bloodshed and bitter fighting.
Civil wars and revolutions are now
ravaging the Orient from the shores
of the China Sea to the Eastern Medi-
terranean. And this, official observers
in Washington fear, is only a beginning.
In China, In spite of the weak efforts
Of the leaders of the Chungking and
Yenan regimes to reach an agreement,
a full-fledged war is on between the
forces of both groups. In the maze Of
conflicting reports and official state
ments, 1t is difficult to say who attacked
whom and why.
The American Government Is pledged
to support the officially recognized gov
ernment in Chungking for the same
reason 1t is giving assistance to Marshal
Tito in Yugoslavia and the government
in Poland. They have all been OFF,
cially recognized as the legitimate gov
ernments Of those countries and any
assistance given to their opponents
would be contrary to international law.
expressed recently by Ambassador Pat
rick ]. Hurley. He was asked why the
American Government, which supported
the Communists in Russia, Is reluctant
to do the same thing in China. Mr..
Hurley replied that the United States
never supported the Communists In
Russia, but the legitimate Russian gov
ernment, which happens to be Com
munist.
The Communists in China are not
the legitimate government of the coun-
try. The central government at Chung
king Is. Hence our support must be
given to the administration which is
omcially recognized as a government.
In the East Indies there Is open re-
bellion against the Dutch government
and an Indonesian republic has been
established in Java. Its leaders will ac-
cept no compromise. The people have
decided to be free or fight. They are
In good position, since neither the
Dutch nor the British, who are at
tempting to assist the Dutch govern
ment, are sufficiently strong militarily
to put down the rebellion of some 49,
100000 natives.
In Palestine the militant Jewish pop
ulation has begun open rebellion against
the British forces which are there to
keep law and order. The British high
commissioner, Lord Gort, resigned not
only because the climate had become
too hot for him, but also because he
realizes the implications of the Pales-
tine lareup.
Evening star., 1945-11-03
What Price Industrial Peace?
By Ray,n ond Moley

The most dangerous fallacy in Presi-
dent Truman's wage-price policy is the
apparent assumption that total sales
volume In peacetime will be as great
as in war. But Government estimates
predict shrinkage of sales by 20 per
cent. This means that the increase
in unit costs for overhead will be Is
per cent.
During the war, the greatest source of
wage increases was a saving in unit
costs for overhead because of increased
sales. Now, with that source cut of,
it is assumed that wage increases can
still be absorbed somewhere.
This is, of course, factor which any
competent employer will appraise in
making his future plans. The President
tells him to raise wages, to go ahead
for six months and then to bring in his
books for consideration Of price in
creases to cover any losses. What will
be the reaction to this on the part of
employers?
Some of them will be free to raise
prices, because their prices are already
decontrolled. They will be making new
products, and the consumer will pay the
wage increases in prices. There is no
speculation here.
But for those employers whose prices
are fully controlled, such suggestion is
an invitation to very risky speculation
It means that such an employer must
risk q rejection of his demand. It
means that he must estimate q still
bigger risk, which will be the question
whether Congress will continue the OPA
beyond June 30, 1916. His experience
with the OPA has already shown that
a determination Of his costs and prices
takes time. The time between the end
Of six months from now and the prob
able end of the OPA is less than two
months. That Is heavy risk for any
employer.
The employer must also face somber
economic fact. Prices can rise-have
generally risen-in an expanding econo-
my. But our economy now and in the
near future will be shrinking. No one
knows how long the shrinkage will con-
tinue until new production, new de-
mands and the effect Of the higher
wages on demand, OF which the Presi-
dent spoke, will take effect.
What we have, essentially, IN the Tru-
man plan Is proft-sharing and tax
relief-sharing scheme which. II effective,
Evening star., 1945-11-03
w. This Changing World
By CoHsfantiNs Brovn

The Arabs are now better organized
than at any other time IN history. The
Arab League Is under the vigorous
leadership Of very able man, Abdul
Rahman Alazzam, whose primary policy
Is to form large clinical entity Of the
Arab world and cooperate In the most
friendly manner with the Anglo-Saxons,
who alone are capable Of providing SUBJ
stantial economic improvement for the
Arabs.
Neither he nor the most powerful
figure in the Arab world, King Ibn Saud,
want to see the establishment Of either
Jewish state or Jewish preponderance
In Palestine.
The flare-up which occurred In Pal
estine Thursday was followed by violent
demonstrations in Cairo and q general
strike on the anniversary of the Balfour
Declaration.
The British, who are responsible for
order in that portion Of the world, are
In a sad plight. From one side they are
being pressed by the American Govern
ment to do something for the hundreds
of thousands OF destitute and desperate
Jews in Europe, who believe their saliva
ton lies In Palestine. From the other
side they are confronted with definite
threat from millions of Arabs in the
Near and Middle East to prevent by
force any Jewish mass immigration into
the Holy Land.
1t is no longer a question of the Arabs
In Palestine or Transjordania making
common cause. If the British govern
ment fails to comply with their wishes,
it may be faced with large scale violence
from Egypt to Iraq, with possible roper
cussions among the Moslems in India.
Britain today is unable to cope with
such problem, either politically or
militarily.
The suspicious of some diplomatic OBJ
servers that the civil wars and revolu-
tions which have broken out since VI
day are being manipulated by some
major power which holds invisible
strings appears to be ill-founded, at
least insofar as the Indonesian and
Palestine troubles are concerned.
The Indonesians feel that they are
now "of age" and ready to rule their
own lands without the help of western
nations. 1t is likely that the $4,000, 900
persons In British-ruled India will soon
feel the same way.
The troubles and bloodshed in Pales-
tine must be traced to the refusal of the
Arabs to yield Palestine to "intruders
from many foreign lands" But regard
less Of the reasons for the present major
troubles, they can precipitate a most
unwelcome crisis, and render even more
difficult the present shaky international
structure.
Evening star., 1945-11-03

perate that it seems incapable of
paying much of anything without
precipitating an internal collapse.
The matter was argued at length
during the abortive London session
OF the Council OF Foreign Ministers,
and Secretary Of State Byrnes has
given us so Illuminating and succinct
statement Of the matter in his
radio report to the Nation early last
month that 1t may be usefully
quoted. There was" he says. mo
definite understanding on Italian)
reparations. The United States took
the position that Italy could not pay
anything like $600,000,00o. Apart
from certain foreign assets, she
should be required to pay as repara-
tions only such factory and tool
equipment designed for the manu-
facture of war implements 80 as
cannot be readily converted to
peaceful purposes. If she is stripped
Of more, then her economy cannot
be restored"
Secretary Byrnes then proceeds to
bring out the deeper aspects of the
matter, which are ignored in Mos
cows presentation Of the case. I'VE
have contributed" he says, several
hundred million dollars for the relief
Of the Italian people. Their condi-
ton is deplorable. We must con-
tinue to help them. But we cannot
contribute more millions, II those
millions are to be used to enable
Italy to pay reparations to other
governments. We did that for Ger
many after the last war. We shall
not do it again."
This would seem to be an effective
rejoinder to Russian demands which,
whether morally justified or not, are
economically impracticable. It is
to be hoped that there will be no
yielding by the western powers on
so common sense and factual an
attitude.
Evening star., 1945-11-03
Hiqher Federal Pay

There may be some dissent from
the particular Federal pay increases
which have been proposed-with the
approval of the PreSident-by Civil
Service Commissioner Arthur S.
Flemming. But it is difficult to see
how any one can disagree with the
proposition that Federal salaries. in
common fairness and as matter of
good business, should be revised up
ward to a point where the rewards
of Government service will compare
favorably with those of private in
dustry.
Mr.. Flemming has recommended
to the Senate Civil Service Commit
tee that there be a fiat 20 per cent
increase for per annum Federal en-
ployes, and that this be accompanied
by a general $4,000 salary boost for
Federal judges. members of Con-
gress and the chiefs and assistant
chiefs of executive departments. In
addition, salaries of the heads and
members of administrative agencies
would be raised to $17,500 or $20,0 900,
as determined by the President. The
estimated annual cost of the in
creases is SALE, $4,000.
Government workers last summer
received graduated pay increases
ranging from 2 to 20 per cent, the
greater raises going to those in the
lower brackets. Even with this
advance, however, Federal workers
Jagged behind employees in private
industry, the latter receiving 7.2 per
cent more in pay increases from 1941
to 1945. From this it would seem
that Mr.. Flemming's latest proposal
reflects a desire on the part of the
President to keep Government work.
ers abreast of anticipated pay boosts
In private industry, and, perhaps, to
Offset to some extent the inequitieS
which prevailed in Federal as against
private pay scales prior to the war.
The basic justification for higher
Federal salaries lies in the fact that
If this country is to have good gov
ernment it must offer pay induce
ments sufficient to attract and hold
good workers. In the past, far too
many superior workers have been
lost to the Government because pri-
vate industry offered greater re-
wards. And while it is all very well
to say that Government employment
carries with it sense of public
service, that, alone, is not sufficient
to enable the Government to engage
and keep the caliber of workers that
are needed.
Whether we like it or not, the job
of running the Government of the
United States has become big bust
ness. And in our complex modern
society there is very little prospect
that the Governments future role
will be one of diminishing impor-
tance. In view of this it is both
sound policy and good business prac-
tice to go after the best people that
can be obtained for all three
branches of Government. We can
not expect, however, that men and
women of the desired ability will
continue to serve the Government at
substantial personal sacrifice.
Evening star., 1945-11-03
How He Died

The official British report on Hit
ler's last days is written in calm,
matter - of fact language, but it
nevertheless contains the atmos-
phere of nightmare. How could it
be otherwise? From the time he
first caught the worlds attention,
the megalomaniac from Austria al
ways seemed as if he half belonged
in a wild dream With his street.
fighters, his Gestapo, his book-burn-
ings, his concentration camps, his
pogroms, his deliberate policy of
mass determination and all his other
acts of limitless evil, he had such
abnormality in him that there were
moments when it was hard to believe
he was quite real and not a projec-
ton of the minds lurid imagining.
1t was in keeping with his charac-
ter, therefore, and with the charac-
ter of his whole career that he died
as the British are convinced he did.
First, after hysterical soul-searching
and nervous prostration, there was
his April 22d decision to meet his
doom in Berlin with Eva Braun, who
had enjoyed the peculiar glory of
being his mistress. Then, on April
26, he revealed arrangements for
their double suicide and cremation.
Next, on April 20, for some reason
known only to themselves-possibly
to achieve a measure of personal
respectability in the eyes of history
or because of some last-minute i'm
pulse of brooding romanticism-the
two were wed and at their nuptial
feast spoke of nothing but the deaths
they were soon to die. And, finally,
at about midafternoon the next day,
after the last farewells, they de-
stroyed themselves, he with a gun
and she with poison. But there was
to be one more touch of the macabre.
In keeping with the Fuehrer's in
structions, Goebbels and two or three
others of the faithful, moving like
figures in a scene from hell. carried
the bodies to garden, drenched
them with gasoline and set them
aflame, so that no trace of them
could ever be found.
Thus 1t was-and the British say
Evening star., 1945-11-03

the evidence is as conclusive as it
can be-that Hitler with his Eva
came to an end in dying Berlin as
the whole dark world of Nazidom
crashed down. AS a finish, it was
some better than the finish of Mus
solini and his Carlotta, but night
marish nonetheless. To the last the
megalomaniac was like a figure in
wild dream. The dramatists will
have much to work with here. One
must assume that in whatever plays
they write about it, they will make
provision for devices-off stage or on
to suggest how terrible were the
weeping and suffering of the multi
tudes not because this man died but
because he ever lived.
Evening star., 1945-11-03

There are multitude OF common
riches which any man may make his
own with very little effort. For
example: The poems of John Green
leaf Whittier are available for few
pennies.
Evening star., 1945-11-03

Most Of us have seen those spec
tacular speeded-up movies showing
tiny bud becoming full-blown
flower. 1t is hoped that some pa
tient photographer may similarly
record in color the autumnal
changes in a maple or an oak leaf.
Evening star., 1945-11-03
Problem; Indeed

From the St. Louis Post Dispatch
A report from the Arctic says our SOL
diers find montonony problem. Well,
We don't know any one who finds Il
entirely satisfactory.
Evening star., 1945-11-03

Calls Bus Service Inadequate
To the Editor of The STAR
Last year the people of the District
Of Columbia were taxed $107,959 for
the Public Utilities Commission. We can
not vote for the members of the COM
mission, but mass meeting should be
held to demand that If we are to be
forced to maintain 1t the commission
should produce results. How much longer
do we have to put up with the inadequate
bus service being rendered by the Capital
Transit Co.?
Why can't the commission use It's au-
thority to demand that adequate sched-
ules Of buses be posted and impose a
stiff fine against the transit company for
every scheduled run not operated? II
that were done ! feel sure that the
transit company would find it could
operate every scheduled run every day.
# not, the fines received would 60 toward
paying the $107,959 which we are allow
ing for the Public Utilities Commission.
BYsTANDER.
Washington Journal., 1945-10-05

id)aftsgeiit ur0 iogor fem SntereIic
iiir Sen Hebenmeniden mebr.
@ittIer i6brt tort: ,J0ie 8eriu6c
ser AGiiertelL Sen GentlHen ielbit
elm idppadeS @efiibl BON SAuIo bei-
5ubrineeub finOen MIR elm iebr lanJ-
iames G6o. 3upieIe 9eutlde per-
trolteu 0oraltf, OoB mir trot aller
8ornungen Bropinnt in ibre StGOte
in REDEEM MoBe i9iden peroen. "
Ser @utor beridtet iiber foIgenoen
ausiprut elmer oeutifen 2ebrerin,
oie laitt @ittIer Die @efiibIe pieler
9eute I'M Ausorltd bringe: 08ir iino
iest cine omerifanii6e &olonie. Mein
Ntonn Iogt, Sbr tperoet jebt fir unS
lorgen miiilel, uno Damn iueroen
mir 0ieieIbe glrt bon Broiperitdt bo-
ben tpie in @merifa.
Oooio 3oturence, ser Gbefre0ofteur
Ser limited Stotes Netps", ior0ert
in ieinem 2eitortifel unie II uStnie
Department" ouf lid einoeutig ii6er
ben Gborofter ieiner Bolitif nidt MIR
seeeniiber Sapan iOnOern audi ge=
geniter Deitidlano 5u auBern. Be
ubliftigen mir, 10 fragt er, ,,fiir Ell
lie unbeitimmte Belt Jrieoen ourd
ooS Sdtpert 0urdBuieben ooer lol
eine ebrli9e A%nitrengung gema6t
tper0en, Die Mitorbeit Der frii9eren
Seinopolfer beran5u5ieben, 10 ouB Die
Sunoonnente fir einen mirtli6eu
6rieoen gelegt meroen t0nnen?"
@s gebe 5lpei peribieoene @runos
ioeen ii6er 6rieoensitiftung. 9ie Ell.
ne beboupte, man bringe Die feino-
Ii6en 8olfer ourd MISUNDERSTANDING
zines itebenoen Seere8 in ibrer Mit-
te oo5li, einen gu lie6en, uno 0urdl
oallern6e 3iifltng 0e8 HeooloerS err
5iebe man tie oo5u, ME pieOer arieg
onfnngen 3u molen. 0ie on6ere
meme, boB iif Dies nidt fir Demo-
fratien i6ide uno 6ieIe 0ober onoere
Mittel finoen miiBten, ols itdnoig
cine Arnee altf Dem Booen OeS be-
iiegten 2an0eS 81 unterbalten. 2atp-
renee fommlt gu folgenoem S6luB:
,,@ines Cages iperoen Die &egierun=
gen ent0eden. mas mebr uno mebr
2erte ieoen Gag fe%ititeaen, ndmlif)
boB i'm Strofre6t Die MetboOe Ser
GoGeran3 uno Der anitanoigen Be
bnnolung - mie unS Ole Seilige
Sdrift lebrt = mebr fir Die 9elie-
rurrg unO Neuer5iebung boa6ringt,
ols oie @eitide ooer Die 9robung
nit ibr lie erreidpn fonnten."
Washington Journal., 1945-10-05
Wor9entban
lit un5ufrieOen

Seem gorf - Ser ebemaIige
Sdobamtsiefret1r Senrp Mor9en-
tbau erfldrte, bob IBIS belite nid)t
Elm Bfuno MaiAinerie aus Der bril-
tii6en ltno amerifaniihen Sffl1po-
t~ions5one in Deutidtono entferut
Dor0en iit." or iprod 81 8uffriti-
fern iiber lein oemna6lt bel Sar-
per orto So. erideinetloes Bud
Germany is Dur @roblem" uno
erflarte: SD weiB nidt wesbolb
10 meirig BON uns ieit Sitlers Sole
oerlage in 0euti6Iano getar NOR
ben it,"
0o6 Morgentbmis Aniidt III
fem 6rieoen in europa moglih),
bis oas Saar- uno &ubrgebiet in-
ternationoliiiert unD aue Oeutidyen
aus 0ieien midtfgen Snouitrie- rno
8ergbau5onen pesseldafft woroen
iino. Sein 8lan lit i'm tpelentlifei
0erlelbe, Sen er 1914 altf Der Que
hee4&onferen3 entbiiqte un6 BON oem
in ei1rigen areiien gelugt tporoen
mar, oaB er Die Na5is our &er3weif-
lung ltno elmer lnneen gerteioigung
anipornen wiiroe.
Washington Journal., 1945-10-05
GclNcne wcrte

@er oie[ nit &inoern Iebt, miro
finoen, ooB feline GrBere Ginmirfltng
oaf lie Obue @egenwirfung bleibt.
@oet9e
@er llngGiif nidt fennt, Iernt
nidt Ons Gliif ergreifen uno felt6al-
ten.
49,, 9opi0 Geit
Sllt man 0os freloig un6 germ,
mas man mlB, 10 lit man 5ufrieoen
unO gIiidlid.
$. Gritid
9ns @ebeimuis, NIT alien Men-
i6en in 6rieoen gu Ieber, beitebt in
Ser &unIt, ieoen ieiner SnoiuiOualitGt
nad 8u Oerlteben.
6rie0ri6 g. Subn
Sn Ser Scot oaein befuG6rt iid
Ser aOeI GROCER SeeGen.
s6iaer
9ie Serridoft iiber Sen Nltgen-
Bid lit Die Serri6aft ii6Gr Oas 2e-
ben.
@arie b. @6ner-@ i6enbo6
Washington Journal., 1945-10-05
Das 3eitbtIO I'M SpitqeI Der Yreiie

Gie ,591ep gorf SimeS" pornt in
einem 9eitortifeI, ser Die lle5er-
itrift tr6gt: oAir f01nen oell 6rie-
ben perIieren", Dor einem ioIgen-
idtperen 9Sebler, Den 'pu llud 4nliht
oieieS 9lattes gu begeben iii 8e.
griff iteben. @ir bober 5par nies-
NAL in pieIer Siniidt genau sic 9e-
penieitige 8olitif perfolgt mie 1918
10, in Dem mir iotpobI 9eutihlonS
lpie aud Snpnli beOineungsloie SD
~pitulntion ouferlegteu unO beioa
&dnoer militGriih beiett bolten. limb
sic filt
iiniere ebemoligsn 6einoe iil0 10 ge-
foBt, oaB lie niht MIR ole mllitariihe,
fonoern oltf Die mirtihaftli6e Wie=
0eraufriiltltng ser Angrerferltaoten
ilnmogli6 MAIDEN. A6er mas niitt
0os oles, frnet Die Zines, penn
bereitS iest, 100 ser 9rieg faitm 6u-
euoe lit, cine groBangelegte &anipag-
ne einiest, unlere 8eiasungStrup-
pei 10 raid tpie moeIidy in sic Set
mat 3ltriidbringen? 8ie eiue &or-
reiponoentin ser ,,3imes" 6eridJtet,
lit ote onlerifonii6e MilitaruertDal=
tung in 0eittidlano pegen BEG I6-
3tgs 3u bieIer Solonten idon in Die
len 3agen III betrddtlid)er Cerlegen
belt. @t1pos Nebnli6es ideint in
Sopan bepor5uiteben. Die 9egen-
mGrtig unter Dem Druid oes &ongrei-
les oorii6 gebenoe iiberitiir3te Gnt-
t~crnung olnerifaniider BeiabmeS-
truppen aus europa unO alien
fonlmt, 10 meint oie Zines, eiller
nelten 6lu6t in Die ISOLATION gleid|.
alS ioGfe ,beorobe lie Den 10 mGbim
errungenen 6rieoen.
SIN Sfto6erbeft oes o&merican
MercurD" Ipri6t 2epis s. 6ittler
iiber oas aqtagsIeben I'M beuti1en
3eutidlono. gr erfl1rt: u0ie rel.
den 2ellte I'M beiiegten 9euti6lmto
iino niGt Ole, Die @elo baden, jon.
bern ~oieienigen, meIbe elm Eager
baltbarer 8oren un0 2ebensmittel
beiiBen. @elo bat nur @ert fir Sen
aouf Der erloubten Station ldpar5e
MGrfte iino iiberda perbreitet, nuo
0oS 0eutife @olf lit in einen Seelen-
3uItono bon Selbitlu6t uno @patbie
binabgeIunfen". Der 0pfermlt unO
@iae CUR 9arten arbeit, nit Dem 6ie
9eutiden oos Na5iregime unO Sit
ler8 &rieg ~unterltiist bGtten, lei pol
lig berifnumoen. @s gebe fem Sea.
tionalbetpuBtiein, feinen @elnein-