davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12

possibilities for them, the big ques-
ton in their minds being whether
Russia, now free of the Nazi menace,
will enter the war against them.
In this sense, we can be sure, no
country in the world will follow the
news of the Big Three meeting with
greater or more nervous interest
than Japan. Already, as if to tempt
the conferees with the idea of ne
gotiated peace, Admiral Nomura,
japanese Ambassador to the United
States at the time of Pearl Harbor,
has deplored our demand for I'M
conditional surrender, declaring that
insistence upon it will cost us much
blood and suggesting that Japan
would be willing to listen to an offer
of easier terms.
Reminiscent of Nazi propaganda
in the last months of the war in
Europe. the Nomura statement is a
striking indirect admission of how
Tokyo feels about its prospects. Our
Pacific enemy-blockaded by sea,
pounded remorselessly from the air
and threatened from every direction
on lands plainly in a depressed
state made all the more depressing
by dark guesses over what Church.
i'll, Stain and Truman may have in
the making.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Explains Transportation Cut

To the Editor of The Star:
After reading in Mondays Star an
editorial entitled "A Minor Deprivation, {"
want at once to say that it is the best
editorial on the subject have seen. I
.desire to thank The Star for its contri-
button to public understanding of our
transportation problem.
The difficulty in such matters as the
sleeping car order is to get the public to
understand and approve the necessity
for these restrictions This editorial
contributes greatly to that end.
Few people realize that the actual
railroad capacity is so deficient, as COM
pared to the burden involved in rede-
ploying troops in 10 months, that there
are bound to be severe inconvenience
visited on civilians and much discomfort
suffered by the soldiers, in spite of all we
can do. When one considers that in the
first month of redeployment more than
$4,000 more servicemen were brought
over from Europe than were expected,
the reported Inconvenience to the mill
tary were surprisingly small. In view Of
the 100000 troops now due to arrive in
July, in addition to those originally
scheduled, it will be difficult indeed to
avoid serious discomfort to all the trav-
cling public. including the military.
Further inroads will have to be made
on civilian travel to enable the railroads
to handle the rapidly arriving troops on
their way to the Pacific
j. M. JOHNSON,
Director, ONCE Of Defense Transpor-
tation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12

Of Michigan, dated May %, he said
that the Rosenthal photograph was
"unusable" because "of the proper
tions of the original which, when
suitably reduced, fail to permit iden-
tity of the flag" But after a con-
ference with spokesman for the
stamp collectors on June and fol-
lowing the introduction of reso-
luton sponsored by Senator O'Ma-
honey and eleven of his colleagues
that day, he told The Star the stamp
would be authorized; and moreover
it would be only the first of series
to publicize the achievements of
American fighting men in all the
services-the Army, the Navy, the
Coast Guard and the Merchant Ma
rine included. A veteran himself,
he swept aside all accumulated
bjections-with the result that the
new production program has gone
into effect.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
By Constantine BroVn

American troops which were returning
to the United States
The American-French relations al
most reached a breaking point. The
French were as stubborn about the
transportation of American troops and
war material as they were in the Syrian
matter. At one time last month, some
of President Truman's advisers con-
templated sending Gen. de Gaulle an
ultimatum to be followed by the oc-
cupation of the principal railway
functions by American forces.
This, 1t was realized here, would Gre.
ate a political crisis in France which
would result in Gen. de Gaulle being
compelled to resign. But the idea was
abandoned because 1t was feared that
such a situation would give dissident
groups chance to create chaos in
France. In the meantime, Gen. de
Gaulle realized he was jeopardizing re-
lations with the one nation which can
help France most efficiently and the
situation which appeared at one time
very tense was smoothed over. The
French leader again changed his policy
toward the United States. But the
three weeks of tension left an unpleas-
ant feeling among some of the highest
policy -framers in Washington.
Gen. de Gaulle now wants to patch
up a situation which was not of our
own making and has clearly indicated
his desire to avail himself-though be-
latedly-of President Truman's blanket
invitation. Some observers are even
going so far as to interpret the I'M
orthodox unilateral announcement of
De Gaulle visit as an attempt to force
President Truman's hand.
The official door to Washington has
not been closed to the head of the
French provisional government. How
ever, his visit, If 1t takes place, will have
deeper political significance than the
strictly courtesy visit he paid to Presi-
dent Roosevelt last year. Consequently,
before any formal invitation is extended
to him, the responsible officials will have
to ascertain his real frame of mind re-
garding Frances political future, his at
titude toward the forthcoming elections
and his political stability in France
These will all be determined in the
near future and decision regarding
a political visit of the highest impor-
lance will be made after President Tru-
man returns to the White House.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
japan and the Bio Three

Tokyo propagandiStS, in press and
radio, are now beginning to speculate
openly on the imminent Churchill
Stain Truman meeting. Their first
offerings are cautious. They tell
the Japanese people that Britain.
Russia and America, despite under
lying differences" will continue to
cooperate. This is another way of
saying that the home front of Japan
ought not to count on any division
among the Big Three: There is
simply no room for wishful thinking
in the falling empire of Hirohito.
The somber tone of Japanese COM
ment is quite in keeping with the sit
uation. The business to be discussed
by the Big Three is still in the secret
category. but the war lords of Tokyo
cannot be blamed if they assume
that one of the most important items
on the agenda will in all likelihood
be themselves and the role Russia
proposes to play in relation to them.
Ever since last November. when
Stain made his celebrated remark
about aggressive Japan" they have
had good reason to worry about
Moscow's attitude, acutely so since
last April and May when Russia de-
nounced the neutrality pact with
them and when Nazi Germany coll
lapsed in total defeat.
Nor has Moscow done anything to
allay Tokyo's misgivings in recent
weeks. On the contrary-at least by
gesture-it has acted to increase
them more than a little, not merely
by the implications of its participa-
ton in the San Francisco Confer
ence. but also by such significant
developments as the three personal
meetings held last week by Premier
Marshal Stain and T. ". Soong,
Premier of China. With all this in
the background, the approaching Big
Three conference in the Berlin area
must seem to the japanese leaders to
be an event full Of the most ominous
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Mr.. Mellett's Satire
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Far-fetched as at first such COMPARE
son may seem, your venerable columnist,
Lowell Mellett, has at least one thing in
common with a precocious child. Even
the most precocious child, for instance,
is more often than not amusing, but
never-not ever-when purposely at
tempting to be funny.
have in mind, of course, Mr. Mellett's
piece in The Star of Saturday, July 7, in
which he speculated upon the POSSIBLE
ity of an introduction into the province
of 'Mississippsky," Poland. of Gas he SO
quantity put it, Pole" tax. This piul-
full attempt at what I suppose he in
tended as satire, I most sincerely hope
will be his last. Heaven forbid that there
ever be another.
Let Brother Mellett remain in chaf-
acter. Let him, by all means, go on
pursuing, with all diligence, his cause"
But let him, at the same time, play his
lines Straight-with the same kind of
face. Then, and then only, can he be
assured that his reading public will con-
tinue to say-even if it only be to them
selves: 1--WE are amused"
PHILIP LIGHTFOOT WORMELEY Nv.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Two Jimu Stamp

The Two Jima stamp in homage
to the Marine Corps now has been
released. Showing the most nota-
bly, famous picture to come out
of "this double war"-the dramatic
raising of the American Flag on
Mount Suribachi-and representing
the beginning of a new policy on
the part of the Post Office Depart
ment providing recognition of all
the armed services of the Nation, it
definitely is an achievement of the
people. The official announcement
of it's authorization begins with the
words: I'm response to popular de-
mand."
Part of the credit, however, be-
longs to Senator Joseph c. O'Ma-
honey of Wyoming, former First
Assistant Postmaster General and
long a helpful friend of the phila-
telic public. He saw the original
photograph made by Joe Rosenthal
of the Associated Press and repro
duced in The Star on February "a
and 25, and, after canvassing the
feasibility of its adaptation for
stamp purposes, wrote to Postmaster
General Frank C. Walker on March
IL, urging such a postal adhesive.
Then for twelve long weeks moth
Ing happened. Post Office Depart
ment officers let it be known that
thousands of letters petitioning for
the Two Jima stamp had been re-
ceived, the philatelic organizations
OF the country and the philatelic
press were agreed that it ought to
be issued, the Treasury Department
proceeded with plans to employ the
picture as the symbol of the Mighty
Seventh War Bond drive, yet. all the
faction" Senator O'Mahoney could
get was the statement that his
project was under consideration. !"
Matters came to head, however,
when Joseph ]. Lawler of Pennsyl-
vania was sworn in as Third Assist
ant Postmaster General on May 16.
He was "a new broom" and, once
started, swept clean" In a letter
10 Representative Roy o. Woodruff
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Letters to The Star
Churchill and King of Greece
Represented as Allies
Represented

To the Editor Of The Star:
May I thank The Star for printing
Count Ciano's most interesting diary?
I have heard appreciation in many
quarters.
The entry of November 8, 1910, de-
serves special attention since it gives
confirmation (from the enemy of an
important fact which long has been
known but to which little attention hith-
erto has been given in most newspapers.
The entry is as follows: "Grazzi
0talian minister) has returned from
Athens. . q" According to him Metaxes
Greek premier) was handed our ulti-
matum in his dressing gown and was
ready to yield. He stiffened only after
talking with the King and with the
British minister"
Winston Churchill's much criticized
support of the King of Greece is thus
amply indicated. 1t seems clear from
this that the Kings action may well have
saved Greece. And If Greek resistance
had broken down, the, consequences in
other theaters of war might have been
far-reaching. The wonderful fight put
up by the Greeks completely upset Ger
man plans and was of great assistance
to Russia. It's importance was realized
Immediately by the Nazis. Ten days
later Ciano's diary for November 10 says:
"A rather puzzling Ribbentrop meets ME
in Salzburg. The Germans see gloom
ahead. . Hitler is pessimistic and be-
lieves the situation much aggravated by
what has occurred in the Balkans"
1t should be added that Mr.. Churchill
in his subsequent attitude to Greece
was not prompted by any prediction
for king as king but by loyalty and
respect for an allied leader who had
done his duty in the face of tragic diff
culties. Mr.. Churchill knows his history
and, as English prime minister, is the
leader of a people who put king in his
place as far back as 1915 (King John
at Magma Carta), decapitated king in
1649 (CharleS y and expelled another
in 1888 (James IL.
There seems to be widespread feel
ing nowadays that monarchy is neces-
sarily less democratic and less repre-
sentative of popular sentiment than q
republic. Can it be said of some of the
Latin American republics that they are
more democratic than the Kingdoms of
Holland, Belgium, Norway or Denmark,
or the Kingdoms of Canada and Aus
tralia? ERIC UNDERWOOD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Evergreen Forest

To one t0ho sees Nth casual glanctns
eyes,
The forest looks eternally the same.
The trees, in ntany-toloered banks arise.
Lacking Mays yeiIoD-green and au-
tumn fame.
Yet I, ,0ho kneto them dolDn the drifting
years,
Haze matched their mobile. euer-
changing scheme.
Ho,o here branbly patch OF zine ap-
pears,
And there Redwood falls across
stream,
And yonder, In spot the mind laid bare,
Green darts are thrusting to the
opened sky,
And columns. ne,1Iy twisted, slant In
air,
And ON the tern-foor tangled branches
lie.
Not static are the moods, but billoaDing
seas,
Whose toaues are years. tDhose tides are
centuries.
STANTON A. coBLENTz.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Mighty Seventh Triumph

Primary credit for the success of
the Mighty Seventh" War Bond
campaign in the District has been
given by Chairman Wilmer J.
Waller to his 10000 or more volun-
teer workers, and that is where the
real credit belongs.
It was these men and women,
giving freely of their time, who went
from house to house and Office to
office to put over" the vitality i'm
portant E bond sales, and the meas
ure of their success is to be found
in the fact that the sales in this
category totaled 1904 per cent of
the $48,000,000 quota. When the
final returns are in this figure is
expected to go somewhat higher,
and that achievement, coming in
the midst of the supposed "let down"
after the defeat of Germany, is one
which deserves the highest COM
mendation.
AS Of yesterday, the total of sales
to individuals in the District was
$85 300, 000-121.8 per cent of quota.
Sales to corporations reached Sat-
100000, or 343.7 per cent Of quota.
That results in a total sale in all
categorieS to District purchasers of
1898 5000 worth of bonds, or 206.2
per cent of the city'S quota-an i'm
pressive refutation of the complaint
which some have made to the effect
that the residents of the National
Capital have not gone all out in
their support of the war.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Not to Be Curbed

1t is reaSSuring that there seem to
be more than enough votes in the
Senate to defeat any effort to attach
Gripping reservations to the United
Nations Charter. A few Senators
apparently favor the idea of writing
in curbs that would require that
in each case of threat to the peace,
congressional approval would first
have to be sought before this coun-
try could use force. Happily, how
ever, this proposal is described as
having no chance of being adopted,
and both Senators Connally and
Vandenberg confidently expect that
the Charter, backed by an over
whelming bipartisan majority, will
be ratified without change.
In the last presidential campaign,
when the great work of San Fran
cisco still was but a vision, not only
President Roosevelt but Governor
Dewey as well spoke out strongly
against excessive curbS. Our role
in the Security Council, Mr.. Dewey
declared, must not be subject to a
reservation that would require our
representative to return to Congress
for authority every time he had to
make a decision" and as the late
President put it: "a policeman would
not be a very effective policeman if,
when he saw felon break into a
house, he had to go to the town
hall and call town meeting to
issue warrant before the felon
could be arrested" We cannot have
strong peace system, in other
words, unless the United States can
act expeditiouSly with other mem
bers of the world organization when
ever aggressors threaten.
Senators Connally and Vanden-
berg, as the Charters chief advo-
Gates in the Senate, argue effectively
against those who suggest that the
authority to be delegated to the
American member of the council
would be unconstitutional because
Congress alone has the power to de-
clare war. Mr.. Connally'S point is
that the employment of force I'M
der the Charter, far from being an
act of war, would be an act to pre-
serve peace-a view Fundamentally
shared by Mr.. Vandenberg. Indeed,
in the latter's opinion, reservation
requiring that Congress pass on the
use Of troops in each case would
not only be violating the spirit of
the Charter, but violating the Con-
Stitution of the United States" be-
cause under the Constitution "the
President has the right to use our
forces in preliminary way to pre-
vent war. Our Presidents have done
it 72 times over $50 years"
This is persuasive argument,
and, fortunately, most members of
the Senate seem to agree with it.
There can be no doubt, certainly,
that the heart of the Charter would
be cut out if the reservation in
question were adopted, and in that
case it would be difficult in the ex-
IRENE, if not impossible, for the
world security organization to func-
ton effectively.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Berlin Problem

The inter-Allied agreement setting
up four-power "kommandatur" or
military administration for the gov
ernance of occupied Berlin is con-
structive step toward ironing out
the difficulties which had previously
prevented effective control by the
different commands of their respec-
tive zones. However. it would be
premature to say that food and
fuel questions have been genuinely
settled. 1t would be more accurate
to say that a compromise formula
has been devised whose workability
remains to be proved.
The formula decided upon is that
food will be supplied to Berlin by
contributions from all Allied occu-
patton zones in Germany" and the
probabilities are that this will be
extended to cover fuel and other
supplies. However. we do not yet
know the method or ratio whereby
these contributions will be deter
mined. And that is. the most i'm
portant factor in the admittedly
thorny problem.
Let us consider the facts of the
case. Although Berlin's prewar
population of 100000 has been
greatly reduced, it is still estimated
to be close to 100000. That residue,
mostly old men, women and chill
dren, exist rather than live in the
ruins of their devastated capital.
wherein normal economic existence
has been entirely disrupted. This
means that they are wholly depend
ent upon their conquerorS for the
bare necessities of life.
Prewar Berlin drew most of its
food supplies from it's adjacent
rural areas or from the provinces
to the eastward, while it's fuel came
mainly from the coal fields of Silesia.
All these regions are in Russian
hands. Indeed, Russia controls prac-
tically all parts of Germany which
normally produced food SURPRISES.
The British zone in Northwestern
Germany and the American zone in
the south were alike unable fully to
feed themselves even in peace times,
while their coal fields are in the ex-
IRENE west of the Reich. Berlin lies
deep within the Russian zone of oc-
cupation, while between it and the
Anglo-American zones virtually all
rail and water connections have
been disrupted. From a practical
viewpoint, the supplying of Berlin
should thus be along prewar lines.
That was, apparently, taken for
granted by the American and Brit
iSh authorities. But it was not
acquiesced in by the Russians. who
declined to relinquish their control
over food and fuel supplies in the
capital itself or in surrounding
areas. This, in turn. made it impos-
sible for the Americans and the
British to assume immediate respon-
Sibility for feeding the civilian
population in their zones. which
aggregated nearly 100000. If the
formula just agreed upon is inter-
preted to mean that they must feed
these people, food will have to- be
brought in by truck over long hauls
from deficit areas. while fuel de-
liveries will be still more difficult.
Here is a situation whose equitable
handling should be considered by
the big Three" meeting at Potsdam,
in the outskirts of Berlin itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Willow Runs Last B-24
From the Detroit News.


Fifty named 1.-THE Henry Ford" the
last great B-24 Liberator, second among
heavy bombers only to the B-29, has
rolled of the Willow Run assembly line.
Completion of the huge plant in less
than year and its work for three years
in building 8,685 of the ships that in all
war zones have numerically battered
our enemies, constitutes well nigh in
credible achievement. 1t is tragic to
see this huge plant, the heart OF fair
sized new city, left cold and deserted.
We have hope that in a future promis-
ing peacetime industrial activities much
dwarf1ng the peaks of prewar times,
Willow Run viii rise again as the seat
Of . great peace industry.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Approves Atrocity Films

To the Editor of The Star:
It was not the usual movie audience
that comes laughing and joking as they
take their seats, but grim, sober-faced
audience that assembled at Western
High School to view the German atroc-
ity films.
What better place to show these films
than at the schools where our young
sters as well as adults can see how
debased people led by demagogue
can become?
The starving of military prisoners by
the Germans and the japanese is not
new to those who have visited our vet
Grams hospitals, seen the emaciated
bodies of our men.
We should all see those films and
determine that no country or combina-
ton of countries may bring anything
like this about again.
HARRY CEDAR.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12
Serious!

From the Peterborough Examiner
A woman will put on q golf outfit
when she can't play golf, and she likes
to get into bathing dress even if she
can't swim. But when she puts on a
wedding dress she isn't fooling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12

A meal in Berlin costs $25-or
three packs Of American cigarettes.
Such are the horrors of war, it
SeemSt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12

This Is the fourth of a series OF
articles on Yugoslapia. The nth
toil appear tonlorroi0.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-07-12

Nv.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-03-05
Educator Luuds Motions
Schools, Acco n1pIishments

ance. For districts having fewer
than 95 pupils in average daily at
tendance, it is proposed that plo-
gram for equalizing at a level which
will provide $2250 for each 26 pupils
or fraction thereof. In order tC par
ticipate in the equalization fund, it
is proposed that each local district
must levy at leact q 20 per cent tax
The equalization formula calls
therefore, for the following action:
/. The district is tc receive all Of
the aid granted in the current bien-
MUM.
2. To the aid currently received
aGd the product of a 20-ccnt tax on
90 per cent of Tie assessed value Ct
property in the district.
3. Tho state to furnish The differ
encc between The sum Of / ard
and $685.
HOW pIAN WORKS
If a district is wealthy no Cquaii-
Zation aid is granted and in poor
districts relatively more equaliza-
tion aid is granted.
The present program Of educa-
tional legislation which has beer
proposed has the Endorsement of the
state board of equalization, the state
superintendent advisory council
and many ether groups, DR.. Strayel
said.