davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

sale cancellation of Val contracts,
the principal problems seem to DE
those of surplus labor, plant and
equipment, prices and wages and
materials.
Unemployment. Of course, is the
'reat human problem. Estimates
8ccepted by industry and labor in
i!este that at least $50 900. possibly
more, have been laid of In the
Detroit area But several times that
many are still working In the fac.
tories, and much Of the unemploy-
ment is temporary. The companies
say they will begin To rehire men
on a large scale in October. and
80 far beyond peak pre-war en-
ployment early next year Even so,
j, Is not 10 be expected that they
can reach the wartime peak OF
employ IN the forseesble fu-
lure. and the implications OF po-
tenudl mass unemployment OF pro-
.opsed duration IN a big city Ike
Detroit. with its mixture ot races
ana natIonalItlcs. are obvious FOR
me future welfare Of the country.
The frSt line OF defense against
me present unemployment Sltua-
non. aside from the wartime saw
lnEs which some but not all work
erS have pu; aside for a rainy day
q very large sum in the aggregate
is the Michigan Unemployment
Coraac ~ 81, CnrpypiSs scr HeTe u
Vhere the .tosser 10 Detroit Is Srsl
able to visualize what reconver'
sion means N terms of actual peo'
pie and things.
Elsewhere IN the downtown DIS
trict there are virtually no notice
an.s changes from war conditions
The stores, restaurants. bars. hotels
buses. street cars and sidewalks
are still overGTow ded with mer
and women Who seem we'll fed
veil dressed and happy There u
nothing like the scenes this re-
porter remembers from depression
days. when crowds Of sullen, oml'
nously silent, shabblly dressed and
hungry looking men drItted aim
.eSsly IN Cadillac Square
In the compensation lines, thS
applicants for state sid-S $50 a week
for twenty weeks, with 81 extra
Tor each dependent up 20 four
vary N appearance, but generally
speaking show the effects ~ gooe
iobs with good wages Some &C
worried and concerned ever thu
future, others sssm Gsrs-frss, ever
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
BY RUSSELL PORTER
Condensed from NY. Times


The new cars sEe beginning TO
,rickle on the assembly lines, and
they look as good as eyer-ssek
freshly painted. fsee-lltted 1910
models. II Is pleasure just TO see
them inside the plants BY the time
the snow flies. hundreds Of thou
sands of them should hs rolling of
the lines to replace the battered,
rusty. creasy old lsloples s,ill run
nlng after nearly four years Of
war.
But, in the meantime the World )
automoiive capital = undergoing
the birth psngs OF new era, ne
reconverSion period Considering
the Motor Guys tradition as the
bCll-Wether of American industry
and It's background nf pre-~sr
boom times. depression sit-do" u
strikes. race RIOTS and wartime
prosperity. i; l. natural mat me
ewes " the country AND me NoiId
should De fixed iN;entlN on ms
metropolis IT. Is writing casH
history OF rscouycr>.or IN me
making
Detroit's react or 20 the ener-
gency is calm and conhden' A. a
fast growing youth amons Amer.
cas- industrial centers. It mas nad
severe growing pans 10 A n1Si
In coed taes a has been 'DeNni
the Dynamic. spark plugging the
countrys business and lndustriai
machine In Dad times Il has been
sort OF "Peck's Bad Boy, sparS-
plugging little bat trouble
But now II feels that u has
reached something like maturity.
II faces the serious problems OF
reconyersion with courage bern
of the knowledge that u over
came the grayer dangers OF CON
version to wartime production IN
a manner that has wen tribute
from the whole world. II II could
snow under the Nasis and the
Japanese with Its feed Of tanks.
jeeps. aircraft. guns and other
war equipment " feels sure II
can more easily supply the
American people With a peace
time stream OF passenger cars
and trucks
AZ the present time. only = fc0
weeks after the end NJ hestl,ule:
IN the Psclhe brought the WHO'S
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

bail. tried. and given life SEN
tence. The verdict was reversed,
he was tried again, and this time
given a death sentence. which has
been affirmed. He was TO be exc
cuted on September 7. ls45. but
has obtained q stay OF execution 10
October 8.
II the wounded survivor of the
fight had been a white man. II is
doubtful whether. anywhere IN
Texas, he would have even been
indicted, II Is certain that the white
survivor of such a fight would not
have been prosecuted for murder
with malice. And II he had been
indicted and put on trial, IL Is abb
solutely certain that he would not
have been convicted and given Q
death sentence.
This being true, II II clear that
Dallas and the state of Texas are
about 10 put this man TO death
because he IL black. And every
body In Dallas knows H. Twice
have made this statement pub
iicly before the Dallas Bar Asso-
citation. and many time privately
to other lawyers. Not one lawyer
has denied the truth Of the state
ment. One assistant district sttor-
ney refused 10 take part In the
case because he said the Negro
ought never TO have been In
dicted. One appellate Judge. OF
the bench, In conversation, which
he will deny. said, "Of course
the niger ought not TO be exc
cuted, but there was not an error
In the record"
In Texas the law justifes killing
in defense OF ones life In Texas
also there can be no murder with
out malice In Texas. finally, with
countless instances OF hshts and
killings. no court and jury have
ever convicted and given death 10
a white man who in deadly combat
had killed his antagonist. with the
antagonists gun, after that antago-
INST had already shot him.
II makes no difference that in
stead OF being lynched Atkins has
been given the customary delays
Of Texas courts. IL makes no diff
ference that he was indicted by
a grand jury specially provided
with one eighty-year-old. hum
BILE, good" Negro member 70
prevent a reversal by the higher
court. This man is to he executed
solely because he Is black
The United States Supreme
Court has granted certiorlsri in
this case because Of the impor-
lance IN the administration of
criminal justice of the alleged ra-
clal ScrlUination which was re-
lied on 10 support the claim OF
violation 81 constitutional rights"
Justice Reed and the majority up
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

me blues Both ideas. though pre-
Nalcnt. arc pa'or'.y ABSURD At
present blues slRccrS are staging
2 great come back all over the coun-
Try and in most eases they are
men
Many s,.l ;h.uS hat Ma Raney
was the first blyeS singer ana tha'
her famous pupil Bessie Smith
"a a. the last The blues didnl come
n Ni;h Ma. however nor did they
- out With Bessie They preceded
JAZZ. evolving from such Negro
iolk music as ballads llkS Frankie
nd Johnnie and work songs IKE
John Henry Stalebread Was
shouting them on NeW Orleans
>t.cet-corners several years before
Mas eardcS, appearance, and prom
Mas dong the very same thing
several years after Bessie : oealh
Bund Lemon Jefferson Mas a.
ready an established figure ~
Texas when Mamie SNtn al
yINCd
Incidentally even more people
believe that the original blues
songs were composed nv W T.
Handy. whereas actually HANDY
heard as hoy many OF those
melodies now attributed 10 him
Careless Love" and yellow
Dog" for instance. he knew A.
folk songs of his race. His own
initial effort and great success
Memphis Blues" reached the
public at least q decade after the
arrival Of Ma Rainey and hind
Lemon.
Heydav Of the Blues
Its true that. during the hcNda\
az The vocal bl G., most -; the
oc>t-knOwn singers were Women
I'm the 1905 TrlAie Smith Bertha
Hill. Maggie Jones, Sara Martin
Rosa Henderson. and many others
were oIg attractions Now they src.
II not dead. certainly al but fo:-
gotten Ethel Waters is Still pop5-
lar because she turned io 'hC stage
Just ~ Hattie Mechanic, went ~
Hollywood Eva 1aXlo. came, o..
Of retirement two years aLo. made
one record hen passed INTO on
SECURITY agun Only Ida Cox and
Alberta Hunter are ST.. active.
and they are hard - find
During the last ten Years q 0e~
type Of female singer has arisen.
the dance band vocalist who sing,
SWcctiy and Soft,N. With Nt.ic ap-
parent purpose oat With 'Wo very
...,,,.-.,,,. ,,t,,,t. L, -, s,D hg-s NJ
The Younger Nesro Women have
occn affected Billie Holiday Ella
FITZGERALD Maxine Su,lIya" lena
Horne so tn5t they no LONGER >V :
the blues withou, art dcC or afett"-
tdiIoO Others. those Who specialize
IN the blues Helen Huwcs and
June Richmond anonc &C favor
i,cS Of long siandnsl Duah Wash
Ington and Savannah Church u
amuns the more RECENTLY di>,ov-
cred do not Sho.t them as theN
should Ill Green : One q, the few
new yoCaiIStS ~ sing ike .hc great
black women OF a generation back,
bW SISTER Rosetta TharPc remains
the finest OF such CuyrCu, artists.
Male Sings Blues To-day
Us The Td.c who's really ,nslnS
nc hluCS today IN the past tcH0y
Carr and Pecue WhedtS,tdN and
Tampa Rcd were the top cAolCe
on race records NoV their places
have been taken bv LonrIc John
SON. Rs BIZ Buoon2y. aud Cham.
pion Jsck Duprce
Internationally the most eAclt.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
By GEORGE CLIFTON EDWARDS

0entcd from Inc Nbuou was
written by George c. Edwards.
father of Detroit Councilman
George Edwards. Mr.. Edwards
ST., IL an attorney In Dailas.)
On September IS. ls4l, a youns
Negro. L. c. Atkins. left his work
as porter in a garage in North
Dallas 10 60 TO his home across
the river. where he had crippled
wife-she had lost both feet in an
accident-and one child. He took
an Oak Lawn car downtown and
about eight o'clock reached his
transfer point, intending to take a
westbound car on Commerce street
for Oak Cliff. He got his transfer
and with a number OF other per-
sons walked toward the entrance
Of the car he wished 10 take. He
reached the car and mounted the
step In so doing the young Negro
either actually brushed ahead OF
and jostled a young white woman
who was also entering the car, or
her husband. who was al her ell
bow, thought he did At any rate
the young white man grabbed the
Negro from behind and jerked him
from the car 10 the street Words,
blows. and a fight followed in
stantly.
The white man. Morris. was a
policeman who had been on the
force only a short time. lie was
about ak feet tall and weighed
l69 pounds. He was not In uni
form and displayed no badge.
but he carried a pistol. At the
beginning Of the fight he drew
his pistol. struck Atkins on the
head with IL. and then shot him
through the body. The two men
were close together, fighting des-
perately. the Negro trying to
guard against the pistol and TO
seize II and the white man try
ing to strike him with the pistol
and 10 shoot him. In the strug-
gle the white man dropped his
pistol The Negro, Atkins,
snatched the gun from the ground
or out Of the air and fired one
shot that shot killed Morris.
Atkins then walked two blocks to
the CITY Hall and calmly sur
rendered himself and the gun.
The hgh; took place in a space
ABOUT twelve ny fourteen feet be-
tween the curb and the car step
Only few moments elapsed be-
tween the alleged iostline and the
hnal shot The shot that Killed the
white man came from his own gun.
he gun which he had dropped
after ne had shot the Negro
Atkins was put in jail denied
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

front continues TO be Favored
racially, and the comment from
overseas for home eonsump-
ton has the same flavor.
Yet the actual events sug-
gest that although everyone
would delight to handle this as
as a planter in Mississippi
would handle a revolt of share
troopers, il is not possible TO
do so. There appears to be
uncertainty, hesitancy, a soft
ness here, an unexpected dip
lomatic concession there.
Of course the papers are full
of bluster, We are busy saw
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
HOW TO GET MARRIED

Jack; How did YOU come To
marry a girI you didn't particularly
care fors
Tom tgloomilyl; I attribute II 10
the fact that she wanted me worse
than I didn't want her.
bedside Examiner
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
P0-HUM

Little Red Ridins Hood had II soft;
All modern girls would scorn her,
Cause she only had to meet one
wolf
Not twelve on every corner.
Cab Galloway
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
The Father Of Father Of The Atomic Bomb

true but they didn', have 10 fGh, day in day
out tght like most coorcd kids" He looked
quickly al his watch. Anyhow he SAID, Y
guess my boy was born with something special.
When he was ten he finished grade school, and
when he was IL he entered the University of Chi
cage | guess that Was sort OF young
When he was Is he got his BIS. when he
was II he got his MS. and when he was 10
they gave him his Doctors Degree" Mr., Will
kins took a breath and we told him jokingiY
that he had skipped year. He answered
seriously. Well. when he was ls he did lecture
before the American Mathematical society in
New York
When way came and after tho Air Forces
finally became somewhat enlightened about Ne
croes Junior Wilkins was assigned 20 teach
mathematics 10 Negro all cadets NJ Tuskegee IN
>tltute IN Alabama
And later. when the Government needed high
powered brain matter To protect It's So 600 600 600
investment IN atomic research. ne vas ore of the
men chosen The government pluckcd him from
the TuSkcGcc campus and put him 10 work at
Chicago university His mathematical research.
undertaken with white and Negro scientists, help
ed Ia defeat the enemy IN the race for the
cret Of atomic energy Other Negro scientists
who did important work include Edmund 4
Russell. Moody TAYLOR Harold Dcany and Ben
amin Scott chemists and Jasper Jeftrics,
physicist
Average 10 Look Al"
Mr.. Wilkins described his atom busting
SON as. about average 70 look al; you wouldn't
know he is q scholar. His features are simple.
OF course. in his scientific paper he uses
polYsYllabic words.
The q year old Chcacoan has written about
dozen important papers. including some for
the Mathematical Journal Of Duke university in
North Carolina. He has also referred number
Of papers Tor that university an institute which
because Of his race he would bt prohibited from
attending MI wilkins commented on that
My boy studied for a while with his friend
Albert EinStcin. at Princeton The same kind of
facism which forced Einstein To flee Germany
eNiS,S IN many universities in our country-snd
in coffee shops in St Louis
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
NAUTICAL BOY!

Broadway.
Dear Beautiful wife; My BPS
Beautiful Private Secretary, who
evidently gets around with sailors,
says she heard one Of them say,
What ] want most out Of the navy
Is me- Love, D. W.
Earl Wilson
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
ASKING TOO MUCH

Girl Must YOU drive with one
hand"
Cob: sure. the car won't steer
itself"
Daily Dope sheet
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
1lEaa6( |17Z||l

The handling Of the japanese surrender grows
more puzzling each day except with respect 10
one aspect: the Americans consistently demon
strate their feeling that this was a racial w,r
That is the news and comment ON the hom.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

judge who tried the case knows.
and everybody else In Dallas
knows that no white man would
have been convicted Of murder
In . case like this, that Atkins
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

was condemned 10 death became
Of the color Of his skin. Every
citizen who approves o. esndones
this death sentence shares the
guilt Of this Negroes death.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
FEMALE VOCABULARY

The average woman has va
cabulsry 81 only 500 words. It's a
small stock. hut think Of the turn
over
-BriEAdeTs
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

ing Of all modern singers. hew-
ever. are two men who were A.
different times closely associated
with Blind Lemon Jefferson
Huddie Ledbetter and Joshua
White. Lead Belly. as the former
Is familiarity known. speaks for
the untutored Negro OF the rural
South and voices his attitudes on
all matters with authentic folk
songs and traditional blues. Josh.
on the ether hand. represents the
comparatively cultivated Negro
of the urban North and expresses
his bitter sentiments by means of
social songs or lighting blues.
White is. in fact the leading blues
singer OF l9i5.
X C. Blues style
:: Vas N Kansas City that the
blues Shouteg finally became tied
ap with the swing orchestra Big
Joe Turner ana Hot Lips Page
oEirnariy prefer singing with
snail combinations. while James
Rushing and Walter Brown seem
90 IKE larger bands better, Jim
TVS WORK with Count Basic and
Walters work With Jay McShann
nave inspired whole host Of
rounCcr singerS-T- Bone Walker.
NNnoulc Harris. and Eddie Vinson
Voug many others Because OF
r.rrcr and Rushing certain sweet
,'-CrS. vocal is whose repertoircs
.SH>.>, .aycely- OF pop ballads. are
yoW ard again making All attempt
. The blues Billy EckSilne IL
'fo5ably ne bcS;-known among
tsC latter, group which also IN
c,.deS HerD dJetfr eS and Albert
II 5bler Actually. JcfTrieS and
II boiler sing The blues no more
genuinely than did two OF Filing
nu'S former female voCaliStS--lVie
Anderson and Betty Roche
several Anc bl IS &SinGerS-Gouls
Armstrong and the late Jelly-Rol,
Morton. Teddy Bum and the ate
Fats Waller have cameo much
ht'uC cCnoWn IS iustruTcntaliSts
S..l others. of course. are more
twrs> for their Scat VoC3lS-Cab
Galloway and Leo Watson. Louis
Jordan and kins Cole.
White Folk singers
The white race also has its folk
singers. Woody Guthrie and Burl
Ives among the best. Only .
handful Of white ~jaII singers can
40 Justice Ia the uiues@Ningy
Nanone and Connee Boswell
from New orleans. bling Crosby
and Mildred Bailey from Spo-
Kane. Red Mckenzie and Lee
Wiley Of Chicago fame. Jack Tea
garden from Texas and Teddy
Grace. Woody Herman from
Milwaukee and Libby Holman.
Almost every D.xielsnd man,
TOR that matter. can sing the blues
Witness LOUIS Prma. Eddie Miller.
and HAPPY laMarc from oonlst
Joe Harms has done so. 50 have
composers Hodgy Carmichael and
JOHNNY Mercer while Peggy Lee.
Dudh Shore. and Linda Keene are
little better than the Helen
Forrest. Fila Mae Morse. Anita
OtN.N.. e.
There - an art ~ singing the
blues Listen 20 Billie ng Sirange
Frmt then listen 20 Josh SING me
,arc -n+iphcr You II see what
mean ON genuine blues soma
he difference Is even more 90.
NlouS.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
SINGING THE BLUES
BY JOHN LUCAS
lReprinted from Down Beatl

Concerning Jazz Nocalst and The blues they sing there
are TWO popular misconceptions which ought be cleared
up right One is the rather general opinion that the
blues singer is thing OF the past The other the all too
common notion that only woman can really interpret
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22
PICKING PIGEONS

JACK KIRKwOOD: i've rot an
Idea for making money"
LILLIAN LEIGH: What
JACK KIRkWOOD: TIM going
% cross carrier pigeons With wood
packers so that when they deliver
their messages they can rap on the
door"
N. Y. Post
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

AZ the present time. only = frv
weeks after the end Of hestI',ues
IN the Psclhe brought the vho.s-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-09-22

Mr.. wilkins described his atom busting
SON as. about average 70 look at; you wouldn't
know he is a scholar His features are simple.
OF course. in his scientific paper he uses some
polysyllabic words"
Evening star., 1945-10-08
Marshall, Hull, Bush
To Receive Medals

General of the Army George c.
Marshall, chief of staff, former Sec
retary of State Cordell Hull and DR..
Vannervar Bush, director of the Of
flee of Scientific Research and De-
velopment, will be awarded the
Medal of Honor of the Roosevelt
Memorial Association at a dinner
in New York october q celebrating
the 87th anniversary of the birth of
Theodore Roosevelt.
James r. GARFIELD, association
president, announced today that the
medals were being awarded:
To Gen. Marshall for "distin-
guished service in behalf of the ma
tional defense"
To Mr.. Hull for distinguished
service in the administration of pub
lie office"
To DR.. Bush, who is also president
of the Carnegie Institution, for dis
tinguished service in the field of
science" with especial reference to
the development of the atomic bomb.
The Roosevelt awards, established
in 1923, normally are given annually
to those considered eminent in
fields associated with Theodore
Roosevelt's career.
No awards were given, however, in
1941 and last year. In 1912 medals
went to Rufus M. Jones, Henry L.
Stimson and Booth Harrington. and
in 1943 they we're given to Mrs. Aug
ust Belmont, Jay N. Darling and
Joseph G. Grew.
Evening star., 1945-10-08
Devereux Addresses
Youth for Christ Rally

Col James P. S. Dexereux, Marine
hero of Wake Island and his son,
Paddy, were among the more than
300 persons present yesterday at a
Youth for Christ" rally on the ath-
1etic field of the Bethesda Chevy
Chase High School.
Col. Devereux spoke briefly, ex-
pressing his pleasure at being there.
Senator Johnston, Democrat, of
South Carolina was the principal
speaker.
Senator Johnston urged that
Christian ethics be introduced at all
conference tables and warned that
people forget God when they nc
longer fear for their lives"
The Rev. Claude A. Brubaker,
pastor of the Little Church in the
: Wildwood, was director of the rally
The invocation was given by the
REV. James Albertson, pastor of the
Bethesda Presbyterian Church.
Evening star., 1945-10-08
EE the Associated Press.

Western members of Congress
have been assured, says Representa-
tive De Lacy, Democrat, of Wash
ington, that a decision on the Navys
desire to absorb st. Johns College
at Annapolis will not prejudice con-
sideration of another academy in
the West.
Mr.. De Lacy, member of the House
Naval Affairs Committee, said the
committee; was told it would cost
$850,000 for the land and SIS 900, ,00C
for improvements if st, Johns is
acquired.
Il reminded the committee" he
said in a statement, that the Gov
ernment, including the Navy, al
ready has much property on Puget
Sound and Lake Washington where
they could have their needed ex-
pansion and save the $850,000.
1--WE received assurance from
Chairman Vinson that whatever
action the committee finally takes
relative to the acquisition of St
Johns would be without prejudice
to full consideration on the merits
Of the Proposal to establish a West
Coast academy
ITO us in the West, that was con-
siderable of concession"
! Bills have been introduced to
establish new academy on Puget
Sound, at Portland, Greg, in Cali
! fornia, on the Great Lakes and on
the Gulf Coast. None has been SUBJ
jected to hearings.
Evening star., 1945-10-08
Supreme Court Refuses
AppeaI Of Carmen Beach

Carmen Beach, central figure in
the massage parlor" case which re-
suited in her conviction on vagran-
cy charges several days ago, lost an
appeal from a Mann Act conviction
today when the Supreme Court re-
fused a review.
Sentenced to one to three years
when found guilty of paying the
taxicab fare of a prostitute going to
a local hotel, the Beach woman
challenged her conviction on the
ground the Mann Act does not ap-
ply to transportation wholly within
the District.
The Supreme Court overruled
that contention at the last term
and Carmen Beach then appealed,
contending the prosecutor in the
case had made improper remarks
in his summation before the jury.