davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28

AllilDSl IOIlC dle OH
the w hite House
payroll. Most are un.
der civil service and
are really employed
by another govern.
ment agency such as
the S I a te Depart.
m en- I, Agriculture
Department or other
agency.
The size OF the
force varies with the
needs nf the White
II Sc, with war
years and the present
postwar work keep
ing il large. The en-
plOycS are regarded
as being lent TO the
White House, al
though some IN a V
work there for years.
When duties let up.
the person el is
Siftcd; some IN a Y
stay, some may 20
back TO the depart
ment which had EN-
ployed them.
Since President
Truman has been in
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28

not trouble him. either.
He always had the solid
Roosevelt fortune 10 de
pend on.
Both he and Mrs. Roose-
Welt favored holding
salaries down long before
an actual limit was fixed.
Mrs. Roosevelt in 1912 sug-
gested a limitation I'm her
newspaper column, and
Mr.. Roosevelt in messages
TO Congress on April q.
1912, asked that a net
of $4,000 be established.
Both the House Ways and
Means Committee and the
Senate Finance Commit.
tee discussed the plan but
did not take action.
Then Mr.. Roosevelt in a
Presidential directive on
Oct. 3, 1912, ordered that
net salaries, after taxes.
should not be more than
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28
&BeinQp President, USA.

Since the Lofe Mr..
ooseVelf's Very
Long Residence in
fhe White House. q
p o or NJ q n Can
BoreIy Afford to
Be fhe No. I Ameri-
can-ond Mr.. Tru-
man Really Needs
q Raise
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-28

care much whether it was a lot or
not lie was wealthy in his own
right, had large land holdings and
his beautiful plantation at Mount
Vernon on the Potomac below
Washington. Food wasn't some
thing bought all the time; it grew
There VAS no servant problem
TIE Presidential salary remained
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Jed Johnson Declines
Court Appointment
Ey the Associated Press.
Renreskntative

ES INT ASS0Cldbeu EIess.
Representative Jed johnson
Democrat, of Oklahoma, will retain
his seat in Congress instead of ac-
cepting an appointment to the Gus
toms Court, to which he was ap-
pointed by the late President
Roosevelt.
His nomination was confirmed by
the Senate last spring, but Mr.
johnson announced later he
planned to serve out his present
term in the House and might be 9
candidate for denomination.
He made public today CORE
spondence in which President Tru-
man asked him to remain in Con.
gress, and the Oklahoman said he
had decided to accede to youl
wishes"
In his letter to Mr.. Johnson, dated
August 20, the President said:
"Of course, want you to do what
ever is best for Jed johnson but, il
is my opinion. the welfare of the
country would be promoted If you
stayed in the House of Representa-
tives.
Your position on the Appropria-
tions Committee is a most impor-
tant one-you are familiar with the
procedure in the House and feel
that it would be loss to the country
il you decide to retire from this
branch of public service"
Mr.. johnson, in letter dated Sep
tember 25, said, in part:
IT have thought the matter over
carefully and prayerfully and have
definitely and cheerfully decided tc
sccede to your wishes, which ! as
sure you are my wishes also -
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Truman Visits Court
To See Burton Take
Oath as Justice
Attendance Is Record
For l55-Yeor History
Of Supreme Tribunal
BY the Associated Press.

President Truman made an
unprecedented visit to the Su-
preme Court today to see his
first appointee. Harold H. Bur-
ton, Ohio Republican, sworn in
as an associate justice.
Veteran court officials said that
In the courts 155-year history no
President had appeared in the court
room while serving as Chief Exec
utive.
Mr.. Truman stepped into the yel-
low marble courtroom from side
entrance eight minutes before the
black-robed justices marched to
their bench at noon.
Court attaches escorted Mr.. Tru-
man to mahogany counsel table
directly beneath the bar and a. few
feet from Chief Justice Stone. From
this point in front of the jammed
courtroom he had an unobstructed
view of the brief ceremony by which
Mr.. Burton, with whom the Presi-
dent served in the Senate, became
a member of the high tribunal.
Many Senators also we're present.
Chats With Attorney General.
The court marshal, Thomas E.
Waggaman, clapped his hands
sharply and commanded, rise" as
Mr.. Truman entered the chamber
The President, wearing gray,
double breasted suit and soft collar
shirt, chatted with Attorney General
Clark and other acquaintances while
awaiting for the justices to appear.
Mr.. Truman stopped chatting and
jumped to his feet quickly at the
instant Chief Justice Stone appeared
through the velvet curtain leading
to the bench. He exchanged smiles
with the justices as they took their
places.
Justice Stone paid a tribute to
Owen j. Roberts, who retired from
the court last July and whom JUS
tice Burton succeeds. Then, Mr.
Burton, wearing the traditional
black silk judicial robe for the first
time, stepped to the desk of Charles
Elmore Cropley, clerk of the court.
With appraised right hand he swore
to give justice to all impartially
After Justice Burton took his seat,
the President left. He was in the
courtroom 13 minutes.
Justice Burton already had taken
an oath to support the Constitution.
1t was administered by Justice Stone
in the courts conference room
Mr.. Truman's appointment of the
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Truman Asked 10 HoIt
Atomic Secrets Until
Board Is Appointed
House Subcommittee
Makes Request After
Inspecting World Boses

Members of the House Sub
committee on War Department
Appropriations, who have just
completed a world tour of mill
tary installations, told President
Truman today the secret of the
atomic bomb should not be re-
leased until a commission had
been created to study all phases
of atomic power and submitted
its findings.
Shortly after the group left the
White House, it was announced Mr.,
Truman,s message to Congress on
the subject, which earlier had been
promised "in a few days." would
be issued this week.
The subcommittee's views were in
corporated in statement embody-
ing nine conclusion" which were
presented to the President this
morning. Asked about Mr.. Truman's
reaction, Chairman Snyder said "he
didn't get mad"
Urges Immediate Action.
The congressional group, which
was gone 80 days, also had pointed
comment on foreign countries seek
ing supplies and credit
There is worldwide tendency to
regard the United States as coun-
try of unlimited wealth, "the state
ment said.' We should say frankly
to every country asking aid, that
here as there, wealth is produced
only by work and If supplies or cred
its are furnished, beyond minimum
food or clothing, repayment must be
assured"
the subcommittee recalled it had
handled the appropriation for the
atomic bomb project and recon-
mended that the suggested commits
sion should be set up immediately.
1t was proposed the group be COM
posed of scientists who directed the
project, the joint chiefs of staff,
the State Department and mem-
bers of Congress.
Would Use Aviation Network.
Other recommendations included: !:
Retaining possession OF enemy Is
lands in the Pacific; surplus war
stocks in every foreign country
should be sold Immediately or ex-
changed for the best values that can
be obtained to avoid depreciation
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Armored Car Guard
Killed FoiIing HoIdup
b. the Associated Press.


DETROIT, Oct. IA guard on
an armored car was shot to death
In front of downtown bank early
today when he resisted efforts of q
lone gunman to hold up the vehicle.
The guard, William Hill Of De.
troit, was standing near the open
rear door of the car when the ban
dit approached with gun IN hand
and shouted, 'aThis is q stickup."
Mr.. Hill, police said, reached for
his own gun and the bandit opened
fire. He fled as the guard dropped
to the street and pedestrians sour
ried for cover.
Two other armored car drivers.
who had stopped for a traffic sig-
nal, chased after the gunman, ex-
changing shots for two blocks.
Police said the gunman fired ore
shot at his pursuers while they
poured nine shots at him before
telling him with a bullet in the
groin.
The man, identified by police a.
Richard Ruff, %, attempted to fee
again, but the guards, Luther Lord,
Al, and Johnny Schauer, Al, closed
in on him and beat him to the
ground with their pistol butts.
He was removed to receiving hos.
pital, where his condition was re.
ported as fair"
Evening star., 1945-10-01
II. S. and Soviet Must Find Basis
For Amity, Stain Tells Pepper
Premier Offers Assurances 6-BiIIion Loon
Would Not Be Used to Push Wor Production

that rank, and not as marshal. With
the generalissimos were Assistant
Commissar for Foreign Affairs H.
A. Y. Vyshinsky and a young in
terpreter whom had known when
he had been assigned to the Soviet
Embassy In Washington. I was ac-
companied by Mr.. George F. Ken
nan, American charge d'affaireS
here, who interpreted for me-
The generalissimo wore his Red
Army uniform with a single decora-
ton just over his heart. His man
tner is modest and without affecta-
tion. He usually is doodling draw
ing figures on writing pad-while
waiting for his remarks to be trans
lated. Generally he sits very quietly
and speaks in low voice with a
little animation, but when a subject
of keen interest to him is raised
his large, brown eyes light up, his
face becomes alive and full Of ex-
preston. and he speaks enlphatical-
(See STAIN, Page A-l4.)
Evening star., 1945-10-01
UNIV Aide Sees
West Virginia
Coal Shutdown
Strike Of l08, 900
Within Few Days
Held Possible
BULLETIN.

CHARLESTON, w. Va. R.-
A complete shutdown Of West
Virginia's bituninous coal in
dustry, employing approxi-
mately 100000 men, is possible
within the next few days." a
United Mine Workers official
declared today as the mine
foremen's strike spread to
southern counties. william .
Blizzard, vice president OF
UNIV district II, reported
that 43 mines failed to operate
today in the area because of
the walkout of foremen seek
ing recognition of their union.
WORKERS COMMITTEE to de-
eide tonight on Amoco strike here.
Page B-1
By the Associated Press.
Time was running out today
for settlement of the oil wage
controversy as critical new de-
velopments dragged the tele-
phone and bituminous coal in
dustries into strike danger zones.
This was the general picture:
/. Oil-the stage was nearing
where Secretary of Labor Schwellen-
bach said spreading strikes Of more
than $1,000 CIO oil workers would
peril Army and Navy operations.
Government action-with seizure Of
the struck refineries as last resort
drew that much closer. At issue is
the unions demand for 80 per
cent wage increase. The strikes
have spread into eight States.
Conference Resumed.
Wage conferences between union
and management officials were to
resume this morning following Q
day-long session yesterday at which
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Irving Berlin Gets
| Medal for Merit
| From Marshall

Irving Berlin, song writer Of two
wars and author of This Is the
Army" the all-Army musical which
poured more than SO ,000, 900 into the
Army Emergency Relief Fund, was
presented the Medal for Merit today
by Gen. George G. Marshall, Army
Chief of Staff.
The medal was awarded at the
direction of President Truman in
recognition of Mr.. Berlin's "highly
meritorious service" since February
1912.
Mr.. Berlin voluntarily gave his
time, the facilities Of his organiza-
ticns land the earnings of his genius
for the benefit of Army emergency
relief all without remuneration the
Army said.
Il shall always feel deeply graft
fed for all your efforts" Gen. Mar
shall said. In presenting the medal
to the song writer.
Mr.. Berlin stood at attention as
Maj. Gen. Edward F. Witsell, act
ing adjutant general, read the cita-
tion. His wife was witness at
the ceremony.
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Left Wing Extremist Coup
In Romuniu Is Feared

BUCHAREST, Sept. 81 Delayed
(P.-Reports circulated in the Ro
manian capital TO-DAY that if thu
London Council of Foreign Min.
isters adjourns without taking con-
elusive action on Romania, leftwins
extremists may try to eliminate all
their opposition.
Political leaders opposing the ex-
tremists eagerly hope that the coun-
Gil will yet reach an agreement per-
mitting formation of a government
acceptable to the United States
Great Britain and Russia.
American and British quarters
Joined with the leaders of the Ma
tional Peasant, Liberal and Socialist
parties in emphasizing that post
ponement of decision would be
serious.
Unofficially, both the British anc
Americans say they favor formation
of an interim cabinet of technicians
which would be politically neutral
The main objective would be to pre-.
pare the nation for elections which
would give the parties representa-
tion in the government on the basis
of an electoral count.
King Michael appears firm in his
determination not to deal with the
present government of Premier
Petru Groza, who has the support
of Russia. That means that unless
the Groza government tries to take
over royal prerogatives, no decree
passed by the government can be-
come law.
In an interview, Romania's minis.
ter of propaganda, Constantinescu
Yashi, asserted the Groza govern
ment has the entire support OF the
nation, including the largest ele-
ments of the National Peasant and
Liberal parties.
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Takes Hot Bath in
Tiled Pit Before
Sumptuous Banquet
BY WILLIAM H. sHIPPEN, JR.,
Star Staff CORRESPONDENT.

Oval 6boAA SSttSSfSIdSut'
TOKYO, Oct. 1.-The atomic
bomb mission now preparing to
fly back to Washington received
cordial cooperation of all classes
of Japanese, especially around
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Brig. Gen. James B. Newman of
Washington was prepared for almost
anything but smiling hospitality
when he and his experts arrived at
the scene Of history's biggest man.
made disaster.
The general, whose wife is the
former Frances M. (Robbie) Robin
son, personal assistant to the late
Hugh johnson, head of NRA, had
come to this theater from service
in Europe and you could have
bowled him over with couple of
chopsticks, let alone a ceremonial
dinner
Not so much as a hard look
did the investigators get, except from
the ramrod-like military command
er, who broke down and brought
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Legion Raps Bradley
For Repufed Plan 10
Shift Control Of Loans
Administrator Denies
He Expressed Opinion
On Transfer Proposal

After only six weeks as admin
istrator of veterans affairs, Gen
Omar N. Bradley faced his first
criticism today-from the Amer
ican Legion, which has consist
emily played ball" with the Vet
erans' Administration.
The Legion charged Gen. Bradley
has proposed shifting some Veterans
Administration functions-particul-
arly home loans under the CT Bill
of Rights-to other Government
agencies.
Gen. Bradley promptly said he had
made no such proposal and has ex-
pressed no opinion on whether the
loans should be transferred.
Expressed No Opinion.
81 have talked with various
groups" Gen. Bradley said. "Mr
John Thomas Taylor (American
Legion legislative directory was in
one OF those groups. I talked with
bankers and insurance men who
were at a meeting. My purpose was
to find out the view of financial peo-
pie on the handling of these loans
I, myself, made no proposal and ex-
pressed no opinion"
The Legion, which pointed out Il
sponsored the CT bill, announcec
it would fight any transfers ito the
limit" Mr.. Taylor said Gen. Brad
ley made the proposal at confer.
ence between Veterans Admins
tration officials, lending agencies
and Legion representatives.
The Legion told Gen. Bradley
that eff it is logical to transfer
home loans to the FILA, sit would be
just as logical to transfer veterans
disqualification to the United States
Public Health Service. Like
wise, it would be just as logical
to transfer the payment Of pensions
and compensation to the Social
Security Board; veterans insurance
to the Treasury Department and SO
on until nothing is left of the Vet
erans' Administration as it is pres
emily constituted
Congress Rejected Plan.
The Legion said that when the
CT bill was discussed in Congress, 1t
was proposed that FILA administer
the home loans but that the pro-
posal was rejected because FILA
(See BRADIEY. PAGE AN
Evening star., 1945-10-01
High Unemployment Forecast
Throughout 1916 by Snyder
Reconversion Chief Stresses Shock
In Postwar Release of 18 Million

Reconversion Director Snyder
predicted today in a report to
President Truman and Congress
that high unemployment will
persist through 1946."
Within that period 100000 per-
sons will be released from combat
service and war production "a
shock to our economy"-Mr. Snyder
said, and several million who have
held jobs viii retire from the labor
market. But demobilization Of the
armed services will increase the ci-
william working force by 5000 900, he
warned. and industry cannot take
up this slack as fast q military per-
sonnet will be reduced. He repeated
an earlier estimate Of 5000, 900 idle
by spring.
The 46-page report. Mr.. Snyder's
Evening star., 1945-10-01
MckeoughNominatio
Rejected, 1O-7, by
Senate Committee
Maritime Commission
Nominee Turned Down;
First Trumun Defect
Bs the Associated Press.

President Truman's nomina-
ton of Raymond S. McKeough
former Democratic House men,
ber from Illinois, to the Mari
time Commission was rejected
today by the Senate Commerce
Committee by 10-7 vote,
If the Senate follows the ma
jority report it will be the first such
action on a nomination by Mr.
Truman since he succeeded to the
presidency.
Chairman Bailey told reporters
after the closed meeting he voted
for confirmation, but refused to
disclose how other members voted
Not Due to CIO Connections.
Senator Bailey said the adverse
report was mot due to his (Mr
McKeough's) connection" with the
CIO Political Action Committee, but
asserted that it was due to the
intense rivalry among factions OF
seamen's unions"
Mr.. Truman was upheld In another
nomination today, however. The
Judiciary Committee approved the
nomination of Gov. j. Harold Nc
Grath of Rhode Island to be Solici-
tor General. Chairman McCarran
said the nomination will be taken up
in the Senate Wednesday.
Mr.. McKeough. appearing before a
Commerce Subcommittee more than
two weeks ago. said he was the 1914
director of the CIO-PAC in Illinois,
Wisconsin and Indiana in support OF
the fourth-term campaign of former
President Roosevelt.
He emphasized, however, that he
was not a CIO member, that he was
acting in the nature of an "employe'
and still was on the payroll.
No Question Of Integrity.
Senator Bailey said several men,
bers of the committee, who had
served In the House with Mr.. Nc
Keough. said the nominee was "a
fine man" and there was no question
Of his integrity.
The Commerce Committee, at a
previous session, declined to take
any action and Senator Bailey, at
that time. said the President would
be given an opportunity to shed
more light" on the nomination.
Asked today whether the Presi-
dent had ben advised of the situa-
ton, Senator Bailey said he had
been, but refused to amplify. He
added that he expected a fight on
the Senate floor.
William Green, head of the Amer
lean Federation of Labor, has been
opposing the nomination.
Evening star., 1945-10-01

no prospects of immediate agree
ment were produced. Mr. Schwellen.
bach was reported to be preparing
a fresh appeal for settlement.
One minor break came early to-
day when two small Detroit plants
signed with the union for wage in
crease of 171a cents an hour. The
number of workers involved was
small, however.
On November /, when the re-
f1neries switch from 48-hour to
a 40-hour week. an additional in
crease of IS cents hourly will be.
come effective.
The 35-cent boost, Mr.. Knight
said, would provide the so per cent
increase which the union seeks ma
tionally.
Lewis Second Bid Rejected.
2. Soft coal-Operators turned
down for second time an invita-
ton from John l.. Lewis to meet
with him. The purpose would be
talks about recognizing Mr.. Lewis
foremen's union. already striking in
West Virginia and Pennsylvania.
Telling Mr.. Lewis he first should
get the strikers back to work, the op-
orators contended the United Mine
Workers chief was violating his
contract "by conducting an illegal
strike"
Whether Mr.. Lewis now would ask
the 100000 bituminous miners to
back up the supervisory unit became
an immediate concern of Govern
ment labor officials.
g. Telephone-A brief "demon-
stration" work stoppage by 100000
members of the National Fedora
ton of Telephone Workers was con-
sidered definite possibility" by
President Joseph Beirne. He said
so as he called an Executive Board
meeting in New York to discuss q
tentative National Labor Relations
Board order. 1t recommended dis
establishment of the federation's af-
filiate, the Western Electric EN-
ployes' Association, in New York and
New Jersey areas.
The report ordered dissolution Of
fSee I,ABOR Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Death Toll Of 80 May Rise
In Scottish Express Wreck
Picture on Page A-14.)

picture ON Page A-f4.)
BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. RESCUE work.
ers expressed fear today that bodies
of additional victims may be. buried
in the twisted wreckage of the Scot
tish express, which was derailed 80
milessoutside London yesterday with
known casualties of SO dead and 81
injured.
The express was nearing the END
OF its 450-nile overnight journey
from Perth, Scotland, when the loco
motive jumped a switch and plunged
down 20-foot embankment, drag
ging SIX passenger coaches with it.
Rescue crews labored all day yes
terday and all night extricating dead
and injured.
Evening star., 1945-10-01

fourth, was labeled Three Keys to
Reconversion - Production, Jobs,
Markets"
The reconversion chief said there
is likely to be a market for more
durable goods than can be made
such as automobiles-in the i'm
mediate future, and that the same
is true of nondurable goods.
However, he explained, the time
necessarily involved in organizing
the flow of durable goods produc-
ton will hold down employment in
this segment Of the economy. This
restriction on buying power, he said
viii be reflected in additional job
lessriess In the consumer goods in
dustries, where supply is not q
limiting factor.
In this connection, he re-empha-
(Eco SNvT1ER pape AN
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Loss Of 50 Billion Seen in Sale
Of War Surplus Costing so

0o0, 0,0oo.0 900 and $10O, ,0eo, 600 900. de-
pending on whether you figure the
amount at cost or at supposed
worth.
Because much Of this material
is either overseas, or obsolete, OF
both, 1t Is expected that we will
only realize about SIC, ,000, 900 900 on
its sale.
THAT leaves at least $50 ,000. .000,- :
600 the American taxpayers won't
be able to write of the national
debt.
Mr.. Manasco added, however
that he believed heavy loss or
the goods should be accepted By
the public as ! cost OF war"
Evening star., 1945-10-01
Ry the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Federal officials expect q loss of
at least $50 1000. 900 900 in sale and
disposal Of Americas surplus war
goods.
This estimate was disclosed today
by Chairman Manasco Of the Hollse
Expenditures Committees which is
drafting legislation aimed at I'M
proving disposal methods.
Mr.. MAnasco told reporter he
had been checking for some time
with officials In charge Of sales and
summarized his findings this way:
Our surplus war goods are eyal-
uated at somewhere between t60,-