davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-27

along both the agricultural and in
dustrial fronts. Under the best OF
circumstances, the task will not be
easy. It will take many years. It
will require numerous reforms. It
will call for huge programs to mod
ernize farming, to improve trans
portation, to harness rivers for
irrigation purposes and for electric
power. 1t will have to have Ameri-
can help. And above everything
else, If it is to succeed at all. the
Chinese will have to hold back infia-
ton, deal ruthlessly with corrupt
officials. avert large-scale civil war
and achieve a reasonable measure
OF unity and stability.
Without the latter 1t will be diff
cult in the extreme, if not impos-
sible, for the Chinese ever to become
what they can become. With it.
however. even though the road will
be long and arduous. they will be
able to march forward together to-
ward bright and prosperous future
in which they can play key role in
preserving the peace and improving
the material well-being not only of
Asia but of the world as well.
Evening star., 1945-11-27
Bound for Nowhere
By Raym ond Moley

management representatives who have
had to meet labor dificulties at home.
When a labor-management confer
ence was proposed, the public was led
to expect vital results. The public
expects it to find way to prevent so
many strikes 1t wants this conference
to find way to fix responsibility on
both management and labor. It wants
this conference to prepare basic legis-
lation for Congress. It wants to get
the goods which are not being made.
But the conference is not solving
these problems. It is fiddling while the
fires of imitation are cracking over the
land.
If this conference cannot find agree
ment on fundamentals, there Is one
thing which a majority of the repre-
sentatives Of management can do. They
can set before the country exactly what
they conceive to be the basic reasons
for current labor troubles. They can
give the country a coherent statement
of management's case. They can, in
fact, make an appeal to the country
and to Congress. They can make 1t
clear why the conference has failed.
This. in itself, might well clarity and
energize public opinion. Because public
opinion is getting pretty well fed up
with situation in which a vast ma
jority finds the necessary denials OF
war extended into peace because
minority is taking advantage of its
strategic position to stop production.
released by the Associated Newspabers Inc)
Evening star., 1945-11-27
As q Porting Gesture

Thet Presidents citation accom-
panying his decoration of General
Marshall yesterday with the Oak
Leaf Cluster - denoting a second
Distinguished Service Medal - con-
veyed a warmly personal tribute,
unusual even in the normally en-
comiaStic phraseology of such state
ments. And General Marshall's
stature as a soldier and as a great
American make him a fitting re-
cipient of an honor conveyed not
merely by the medal but by the
circumstances of its award by the
Commander in Chief. The timing
and the colorful ceremony at the
Pentagon Building evidently were
chosen with some thought to Gen.
eral Marshall's resignation as chief
of staff. announced last week. His
formal retirement from the Army,
along with that OF his opposite
number in the Navy. Admiral King,
will take place later on. perhaps
around the end of December. And
at that time there should be q Mt
ting gesture by Congress, speaking
for the American people and con-
veying to General Marshall and to
Admiral King some tangible recog-
milton OF the outstanding services to
the people of which these two great
military figures are the symbols.
Legislation to that effect has been
pending in Congress and should not
be delayed
Evening star., 1945-11-27
Chino in the Future

In creating a supreme economic
council to deal with the problem of
establishing "a far higher standard
of living" for the Chinese people,
Generalissimo Chang Kai shek
makes clear that he and his govern
ment recognize the unpleasant
fact" that China is woefully behind
the times and that there will have
to be a vast amount of work and
reform If it is ever to realize its
highly promising potentialities.
AS has been pointed out by more
than one authority on the subject,
China in the future now that
Japan has been shattered-can be-
come the leading nation OF the
Orient. Given adequate American
aid and technical advice, it can lift
itself out of its present relatively
primitive position, vastly improve
the lot of the mass of its poverty
stricken citizens and develop into a
great new market for the products
of our own industries.
All this, however. is more easily
said than done. Over 80 per cent
of the country's citizens are in agri-
culture, with IS per cent of the
farms measuring less than five acres
and with large percentage OF the
crops earmarked for landlords.
Moreover, working with very poor
equipment and without any trans
portation facilities worthy Of the
name, great numbers of Chinese
farmers are so bedeviled by taxes
and usurious money lenders as to
find it difficult to feed themselves,
let alone sell any part, Of what they
raise. This helps to explain why
China, with about a fifth of the
worlds population. accounted for
only 1.3 per cent of the worlds i'm
ports and only per cent Of the
worlds exports in its last prewar
year. With most OF its people lack
ing purchasing power. it could buy
little from abroad, nor could it do
much to develop its industrial po-
tential-a potential of no mean size,
though apparently limited by the
character of the nations natural
resources.
Generalissimo Chiang's economic
council presumably will tackle this
problem BY moving simultaneously
Evening star., 1945-11-27
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Congress is engaged in enacting legis-
lation to implement finally this coun-
try's part in the United Nations The
proposed law. which leaves in the hands
Of the President and the American
representative in the Security Council
OF the UNO the decision whether to
vote the use OF United States armed
forces-to the limit of this country's
quota-to help maintain peace, without
first coming back for further congress
sional action, will be passed by over
welming votes
The big hurdle was taken by the
Senate when it ratified the United Ma
tions Charter-by a vote of 80 to p
last summer. The proposed law merely
carries out the pledges which were then
made.
A ight against presidential authority
to permit the use of American armed
forces on order Of the Security Council
was promised-particularly by Senator
Wheeler of Montana, Democrat, who
made good his promise with long and
bitter denunciation of British and Rus
sian ambitions-and American appease-
ment of both. The fight, however. is
petering out.
IlCdllLdllOil lldl, IL tIlClc ID 10 Uc
peace. the UNO must be both strong
and able to act promptly, without first
seeking approval of 50-odd legislative
agencies in as many countries, has
grown with the passing weeks Indeed.
an atomic panic has gripped many
Americans, including some members of
Congress, since the Army Air Forces
dropped the first atomic bomb on Jap
anese soil, causing unheard-of devasta-
ton. There has been a demand in
many quarters for new and stronger
world organization-even world gov
eminent"
The sensible thing however, is to go
forward with the present United Ma
tions Organization-and to perfect and
strengthen it as such steps become pos
sible A world government-based on
population. for example - might or
might not be a good proposition. And
that is the democratic way Of setting
up a government.
The United States, on any such basis.
would find itself with a far smaller
delegation in such a constituent govern
ment than China, Russia or India and
very small representation when COM
pared to the combined representatives
of the rest of the world. Yet, the sup
porters of world government in this
country fondly take it for granted that
this new government will be run along
American lines, with American ideals
and principles always prevailing. They
seem to forget that other peoples, with
other ideals and aims, will have part,
Evening star., 1945-11-27

war but further intensified by the
unprecedented drought which has
blighted harvests and impaired wa
ter power throughout Southern Eu-
rope. The economic crisis natural
ly reacts upon the political crisis.
and vice versa. setting up a vicious
circle of antagonism and unrest.
It is under these unfortunate cir
cumstances that the Greek elec-
tions approach, when the people will
60 to the polls for the first time in
almost decade. Those elections
are to be watched by official OBJ
servers from Britain, France and
the United States, Soviet Russia
having refused to participate. The
presence of foreign observers should
tend to make the elections genuine,
but the outcome is anybody's guess.
Evening star., 1945-11-27
The Test in Iran

The news reports emanating from
Iran with respect to the revolt" in
the area under Russian control have
been marked by a certain cloudiness
which cautions against hasty judg-
ment. Nevertheless, the evidence Of
Russian interference, whether off,
cial or unofficial, has been per-
suasive enough to justify the note
which this Government has sent to
Moscow, even If one assumes that
our officials have had no more in
formation that has been made avail
able to the American public.
1t has been generally understood
that the United States was the NOV
ing party in framing the declaration
regarding Iran which was issued at
Teheran two years ago. In that
statement this country, Britain and
Russia recognized the assistance
which Iran had given against the
common enemy, and specifically de-
clared their concurrence in the de-
sire of the government of Iran "for
the maintenance OF the independ-
ence, sovereignty and territorial in
tegrity of Iran" The question now
is whether the governments which
gave that assurance in exchange for
a supply route through Iran to
Russia are going to live up to it. e..
Northern Iran is occupied by
Soviet troops and has been the
scene of a so-called revolt by Iranian
democrats" 1t is contended that
this designation has been borrowed
by the old Iranian COMMUNISTS, and
it also has been claimed that arms
were distributed to the rebels from
Russian trucks. This may or may
not justify a conclusion that the
rebels actually were organized and
armed by the Russians. But it is GER
tain that they have secured arms
from some source, and it is hardly
conceivable that they could have
done this without at least the ac-
quiescence of the Russians. Further
more, it seems to be a fact that
Iranian government troops, sent
from Teheran against the rebels,
were turned back by Soviet forces.
Manifestly, this is a course of con-
duct which cannot be reconciled
with the pledge by the big Three"
to respect Trans independence, SOW
ereignty and territorial integrity.
On the contrary, If the Iranian
charges are well founded, 1t is clearly
a violation of that pledge, and al
though it is not spelled out in so
many words, this is the sense of the
note which Secretary of State
Byrnes has dispatched to Moscow.
The reaction of the Soviet author
tiles will be awaited with keenest
interest. For this is a matter which
cannot be treated as minor terri
torial dispute in a remote quarter
of the world. Iran Is member OF
the United Nations Organization,
and if Iran is now going to be dis
membered, either openly or through
some shallow subterfuge, the UNO
will be faced in it's infancy with a
challenge which will determine
whether it. can provide that COL
lective security so essential to world
neace
Evening star., 1945-11-27

The Labor Management Conference
now in session in Washington has not
permitted the public to enjoy a great
deal of information about what is going
on within the management or the labor
groups. 1t was clear in the earlier ses-
sions that while labor was bitterly di-
vided, management presented fairly
united front. At any rate, management
could sit back and enjoy the Lewis
Murray Green argument.
But as the sessions, including the
committee meetings, have got down to
details, management has not found it so
easy to agree on strategy or tactics.
OF the 36 delegates and alternates
representing management, a minority
of perhaps a half dozen seems to be
for peace at any price.
These individuals will probably favor
the issuance of the usual bromides not
unlike those issued during the summer
by Messrs. Eric johnson, Philip Murray
and William Green. Yes, we believe in
collective bargaining and union respon-
sibility. But, as this column suggested
recently, this conference should tell us
the exact meaning of these generalities.
Another "peace-through-joy" report
will provide none Of the things that
the public wants to buy. Soldiers re-
turning from a bloody war in the Pa
cific cannot sleep in cars without berths
because of strike, even If some people
in Washington do say that they believe
in collective bargaining.
And yet generalities are about all that
management can agree on. There is
no agreement on questions like the ma
ture OF contracts with unions, the pre-
vention Of strikes while new contracts
are under negotiation, and the like.
kA ~
The conference has been further ham,
pered By the enforced absence Of several
Evening star., 1945-11-27

and potent voices, in a world govern
ment and in its organization.
In their hurry to commit this country
to their proposal Of a world govern
ment they may overlook the fact that
constituent assembly of the world
viewing the great wealth and resources
OF this country. might be in a position
to tax this wealth for the benefit of
the rest of the world-on the theory
that those best able to pay should bear
the heaviest taxation.
1t is a strange situation which finds
ardent international collaborationists
like Senators Ball of Minnesota and
Tarlor of Idaho agreeing, at least in
principle. with Senator Wheeler of Mon
tana, former isolationist, that steps
should be taken looking to a new peace
conference to set up greater world
power and control. It is true that both
Senators Ball and Taylor are support
ing the present legislation to implement
our part in the UNO, and that Senator
Wheeler is not. But all leave the i'm
preston that the UNO is weak propo..
sition as it is now constituted.
The General Assembly of the United
Nations is to meet in London on a date
between January and for organi-
zation purposes-the election of the
nonpermanent members of the Security
Council; the election of members of the
Trusteeship Council, of the Economic
and Social Council the secretariat, ETC.
The organization has never yet been
tried out, nor its effectiveness measured
But doubling Thomases are already sug-
gesting that it cannot function we'll for
the maintenance of peace-a peace, by
the way. that is still to be made. The
longer final peace terms are delayed,
the worse it is for the world. The
UNO it may be remarked, has nothing
to do with making the peace settle
ments growing out of the war now
ended. Its job will be to see that peace
is maintained, and if there are neces-
sary notifications of those peace terms
in the future. that they be made in
orderly fashion.
Senator Wheeler, in his diatribe
against conditions existing in the post
war world, was particularly critical of
the ambitions of Russia and Great Brit
ain, and the wild scramble for power
that Is apparently now under way. He
would have this country take a firm
stand for more justice to the peoples
OF the occupied nations and of the en-
emy nations. He did not explain how
this could be accomplished without the
United States again taking up arms.
An alternative would be for this country
to sink back into isolationism.
Evening star., 1945-11-27

case whereby 1t tends to prove that
the rebellion-which aims at detaching
from Iran the country's most important
and richest province-has been fostered
by the local Soviet authorities The
government claims 1t has irrefutable
proof of this interference of a friendly
foreign power in Its domestic affairs
and has submitted the proof to the
governments in Washington, Moscow
and London.
After careful examination of these
documents and in spite OF certain sug-
gestions to keep out of affairs which
do not concern us directly, the American
Government decided to send a friendly
note to Moscow.
The fact that We have no particular
interest in whether a province of Iran
decides to proclaim its autonomy is be-
side the point. Probably more than
any other nation in the world, we are
keenly interested in seeing that the
UNO becomes livable organization
All our efforts and sacrifices would have
been wasted if selfish motives of certain
powers were to make it into one OF those
pious expressions of good will which
have neither the authority nor the
means to prevent situations such as
are occurring in Iran today.
*H
The American Government is said to
feel that a continuation of the present
situation in Iran would be body blow
to the hopes of the peace thirsty Amer
lean people and other peace-loving ma
tions throughout the world 1t Is for
this reason that Washington decided to
present to Moscow in most friendly
manner its views and hopes regarding
the situation in Azerbaijan.
High officials who have been watch
Ing conditions in Northern Iran for
some time frankly admit that we must
not be overoptimistic regarding the re-
suits OF our note to Moscow
The Russian government has taken
the attitude all along that the rebellion
in Northern Iran has been provoked by
the shortsighted attitude of the Iran
ian landowners and the inefflciency of
the administrators sent by Teheran.
In spite of the tangible proof sub
mitted to Foreign Commissar Molotoy
by the Iranian government that Soviet
army and consular officials have had
hand in the revolutionary outbreaks,
the Soviet government is said to be
sticking to its point of view The Soviet
Foreign Commissariat insists that the
separatist movement sprang up spon-
taneously from the people themselves
and represents the actual wishes OF
the overwhelming number of inhabi-
tants Of the AZerbaijan.
Evening star., 1945-11-27
The Quick Gruy Fox

rrom wv ST. Louis fokt-OSpAtch.
The gray fox and the wild deer have
begun to roam deep into the city with
a strange new indifference to old, sharp
boundaries between field and forest and
what has been known as civilization.
There Is an instinct in animals,
strongest in those best adapted for sur
vival, that prepares the species for i'm
pending change. It was this inner sense,
working deep in the Lying cells, that
grew lungs and atrophied the gills OF
more favored flsh-like creatures when
the planet cooled, and warm, stagnant
waters receded from the beaches, It
was this instinct that made 4 certain
anthropoid get on his hind legs, the
better to- move around.
In this new restlessness of the deer
and the fox, is there evidence of the
old and primal response to impending
change? Is there the beginning Of the
sense that homestead Is going to be
vacant. and that this is the time TO look
the property over?
Evening star., 1945-11-27
~ This Changing World i
By Constantine Broom

Secretary of State Byrnes emphasized
In note sent to Moscow last Friday
concerning conditions in Northern Iran
that the Iranian troubles may cause
serious damage to the fabric of the
United Nations Security Organization.
The American Governments interest
in the Azerbaijan rebellion is mostly
academic. We neither have nor seek
any economic or political advantages in
that area Together with Russia and
Britain we have pledged ourselves to
respect and maintain Trans sovereignty
and territorial integrity. Moreover,
the Big Three agreed to withdraw i'm
mediately after the end of the war the
armed forces which had been stationed
in that country to facilitate the transit
Of lease-lend supplies to Russia.
Britain still has a small force in
Southern Iran, while Russia maintains
a large force, estimated at about 400, 900
men, in the zone where the separatist
movement has begun.
The Iranian government maintains
that Moscow agents have fomented the
rebellion which is oficially attributed
to Iranian Communists.
Secretary Byrnes Friday note urged
the signatories of the Teheran agree
ment to hasten the withdrawal of their
armed forces, which should be replaced
all over the country by Iranian gen.
darmes. At present the Russian army of
occupation is preventing the gendarmes
from entering the northern province.
Unless the Big Three live up to the
spirit and letter of their pledges, the
American Government fears that all
the small nations thai are members of
the UNO might consider the new or
ganization for peace and security as a
tragic farce.
The representatives of the minor
powers privately voiced their fear of
the big nations during the San Fran
cisco Conference. They pointed out
then that the new league, in which the
Security Council would be dominated by
the five big powers might be used as
an instrument of oppression Of the
smaller nations to an even greater ex-
tent than the defunct Geneva organ
ization.
The American representatives reas-
sured the smaller nations that they
would receive a fair deal in keeping
with all the lofty principles expressed
in the United Nations Charter. It was
only after these assurances were given
that they decided to indorse the new
constitution of the United Nations Or
ganization.
The Iranian government now places
before the tribunal Of the big nations
Evening star., 1945-11-27
Courts Building Finuncinq

The need for new courts building
became evident some years ago and
the judges are entirely correct in
pressing now for a new structure
that will facilitate the efficient con-
duct Of court business.
There are other considerations,
however, which indicate that the
matter Of financing the new building
has not been explored as carefully as
the physical needs of the courts.
These are, primarily, Federal
courts. The names of the courts
themselves were changed in 1884
and 1896 so as to reflect more
clearly" the nature of their business.
The old Supreme Court of the
District of Columbia" became the
district court of the United States
for the District OF Columbia" and
the old Court of Appeals of the
District Of Columbia" became the
United States Court of Appeals for
the District of Columbia" The
courts are financed through Depart
ment Of Justice appropriations, the
local taxpayer being assessed for
the operating costs chargeable to
local business.
The present District Court is
housed in the old Courthouse, built
In 1920 and bought from the District
by the United States in 1873. In 1881
an addition was erected and paid for
by the United States. The present
Court of Appeals building, erected
in 1910, was paid for by the United
States. In 1916-1919 the District was
charged for half the cost of re-
modelling the Courthouse, but that
was done under the fixed ratio law
which Congress subsequently re-
pudiated and then repealed.
If the District taxpayer is charged
half the cost Of a new court Struc-
ture, to cost more than the United
States Supreme Court, it will be
because the United States has the
power to spend the local taxpayers
dollars anyway 1t chooses. II viii
not be either a logical or an equita-
BILE division. It will merely show,
again, that when the local taxpayers
dollar is concerned, the National
Government is a great believer in
joint financing. But when the
Municipal Government is concerned,
the idea of joint financing goes out
of the window.
II the proposed plan of financing
stays in the bill, the local taxpayer
will be stuck for an expenditure
which is not his responsibility. He
will be thus stuck because he has
no voice in deciding how his money
should be spent. And the money
that should be devoted to things
which more directly affect his own
welfare will 60 into building which
is designed primarily to meet a
Federal need.
Evening star., 1945-11-27
Old Poems

toV1d them in the attic yesterd6y-
Hoto strange that should tie them
up in black
And yet, on reading them, I found them
0Gy
And ,Darn, and laughter seemed to
bring him back.
I tuds Isolde again, and Guinepere,
He ,uas Adonis, Romeo and Thor
The earth leaped from its orbit-sprins
1DGs here-
And I Das young and beautiful once
Within my scrap-book / arranged them
neatly,
Pure poetry among the jingIes Of
Neo taporites, and wondered indis.
creetly:
Who is his inspiration noip? His loUe,
TtreEDe years ago! The lines are some
Uhdt blurred
Can 1t be time or tears that dfrss each
U0d?
coeETTE MIDDLETON.