davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sub., 1945-04-14
NLRB, Reuersing, Permits FOremel to Join Unions

Washington, D. C,-The National Labor Relations Board which has reversed itself so many times that it is now completely dizzy, has now ruled that foremen and other supervisory employees are entitled to the protection of the Wagner Act and can form unions or join unions.
 The board had so decided some years ago in the Union Galleries case. Only a few months ago, the board overruled it's own decision and held in the Marland Drydock case that foremen could not be grouped into appropriate" units for collective bargaining purposes. This decision was followed by strikes called by independent" foremen's organizations in the De- troit area.
 So now by a two to one major ity, the board has come around again to the conclusion that fore- men and supervisory employees are entitled to organization, just as the American Federation of Labor had contended all along.
 In announcing its decision, the
The sub., 1945-04-14
AFL Organizer, Now Fighting G. l., Says Soldiers Favor Trade Unions

Washington, D. C.-One of the great war mysteries is what Amer ican soldiers and sailors overseas think about organized labor and what they propose to do about it when they get home after the war ends. A great deal has been writ ten about the subject, mostly from anti?union sources. Labor has heard dire threats. Occasionally it has received pat on the back. The following letter received by AFL Organization Director Frank Fenton helps to clear up some of the mystery and should be read carefully by every trade unionist:
 Dear Brother Fenton:
 From somewhere in France, PFC Walter L. Mitchell, a combat infantryman and former AFL or ganizer now on leave of absence from the Federation, wishes to re- port. After months of combat, in which 1 have experienced many of the horrors and terrors of modern warfare, comes brief but well come respite from foxholes in 24- hour rest camp, where again thank God for watching over me and write my first overseas letter to you.
 Tt has been my privilege to dis cuss the war, postwar, peace and home-front situations with c. Is from all walks of life. G. Is from union families, from non-union families, from union industries, from non-union and anti-union in- dustries and G. I.'s from the farm all live and pray and fight for the day when they can return home and go back to work and live nor- mally again.
 These boys have all learned, the hard way, what organization means They all know that only through united effort, unity of pur- pose and personal sacrifice can any objective be taken and held.
 Tt is my belief, contrary to the anti-Enion propaganda at home, that our unions are safe from the threat of G. I. destruction. Instead of the predicted death for unions, there will be an influx of new, rugged and, at times, reckless blood which may prove hard to satisfy OF control. Never will any service man forget that the best organized outfit wins!
 We of the American Federation of Labor must be on the alert that
The sub., 1945-04-14

board majority, with Gerald Reilly dissenting, said:
 The nation has now experienced the drastic consequences of extra statutory organization by supervi- Sory employees and the duty of the board has become plain. To con- tinue to deny to such employees as a class the bargaining rights by the act would be to ignore the clear economic facts and invite further industrial strife-a thing which the nation can i'll afford at this time and which the act was de- signed to mitigate"
The sub., 1945-04-14

discharged servicemen are not misled in choosing their organiza- tion. The organization that has led1 the battle for economic ad- vancement for working people throughout pre-war and war years should and will be the chosen or- ganization for well-ipformed vet erans on their return to employ ment."
The sub., 1945-04-14

representative for over 2,800 work CTS employed by the Baltimore Transit and Baltimore Coach Cos, Md. Of valid votes cast, 1,752 were for the AFL and 824 against any union.
The sub., 1945-04-14
TrOlIeymen Win

Washington - The NLRB has named the Amalgamated Associa- tion of Street Electric Railway & Motor Coach Employees bargaining
Evening star., 1945-07-19
Blimp and HeIieopter
Assist in Search
For Missing Girl, Z
.Ey the Associated press

BY the Associated Press.
MARSHFIELD, Mass, July l9.-A
Navy blimp and Coast Guard hell
scopter droned to and fro above
beaches and brush-covered areas
to-day in search of 2-year-old Judy
aGeagan, missing since Tuesday
might.
Meanwhile, Rhode Island State
police bloodhound led ground search
sers repeatedly to the waters edge
and stopped.
: Several times the dog was taken
TO other points in the area in an ef-
fort to pick up new cast. Each
time the result was the same. The
dog eventually picked up the child's
scent near the cottage, followed it
TO the beach and stopped near a
clump of rocks.
/ The child's family expressed sur
prise, explaining that Judy docs
not like the water"
: Firemen, policemen, coast guards
men and citizens searched i3-mile
stretch of the coast for the little
girl, who disappeared while her
mother was washing the dinner
dishes.
A little more than a year ago To-
year-old Frances McGrath vanished
in this same area. Her ravished
body was found weeks later.
Judy's parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Will
liam Geagan, had come here from
Nedford,- a Boston suburb, for a va
fation.
A Massachusetts State police COM
municationS officer went aloft in the
blinp, with special radio apparatus
to enable him to maintain contact
with the police detail on the ground.
Evening star., 1945-07-19
BiIbo Offers Bill 10 Tax
Railroad RoIIinq Stock

Chairman Bilbo of the Senate
District Committee yesterday intro
duced into the Senate a bill to
give the District authority to tax
the rolling stock of railroads.
Estimated to bring in an annual
revenue of $4,000, the bill was in
troduced at the request OF the Com
missioners, who forwarded copies of
the proposed legislation to both
houses.
In asking for enactment the
Commissioners informed Congress
the great majority of States-46--
Evening star., 1945-07-19

have statutes providing for the tax
alton Of such railroad property. The
Budget Bureau reported 1t has no
objection to the bill.
The tax rate is SITS for every
500 of property. The question OF
taxing the railroad property has
been under study by District off,
cials for several years.
The measure would become ef-
fective for the tax year beginning
July /, 1945, and would apply to
all railroad cars of any company
operating in the District. The COM
panies would be required to file re-
ports on the true value of all such
rolling stock.
Bolivia has butter, meat. rice and
rhpsxa shorta aces
Evening star., 1945-07-19
CuttIe Reduced

Southern Rhodesia's cattle popu-
lation is to be reduced from 1,200,-
900 to $4,000 in order to preserve
natural resources periled by over
stocking, but meat eaters can ex-
pect little aid from this move, as
the activity will be conducted over
period of several years.
Evening star., 1945-07-19

Bolivia has butter, meat, rice ane
cheese shortages.
Evening star., 1945-09-09

perience which later proved valuable
when he entered the United States
Medical Corps in 1917.
He left the Army in 1919 with the
rank of lieutenant colonel and spent
two years following up typhus condi-
tions in Poland, Russia, Latvia, Estonia
and other countries
Evening star., 1945-09-09
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
NDIA-CHINA WING HEADQUAR-
TIERS, ATC Delayed. Air Force Day,
August /, was celebrated out here with
a 24-hour battle against time that broke
every record for shipping cargo from
India "over the hump" to China.
Rivalry between the Assam Valley
"springboard' bases for the giant cargo
planes rose to fever pitch in the neck
and-neck struggle for the honor Of
sending the most trips over the hump.
Planes were kept in the air every pos
sible moment. On the ground loading
and refueling crews and mechanics
worked feverishly to cut the turn
around time to minimum on either
end of the rugged shuttle run.
After it was all over, 5,327 tons Of
military equipment for China had been
carried in lib west-east crossings, the
greatest amount of cargo ever handled
in one day of scheduled air operations.
More than half of this enormous
volume of air freight was carried in
Curtis Gas Commands. Douglas CATS
and C-54's and Consolidated C-87s also
helped make history that day. Virtually
every plane made two round trips and
many made three.
In Unbelievable Time
Planes were unloaded, serviced and
turned around in almost unbelievable
time. One Cas-, arriving in China from
its base in Sookerating, Assam, was un-
loaded, refueled, checked and sent on
its way back to India in four minutes.
Another was in the air six minutes
after landing The average turnabout
time was Is minutes.
So furious was the pace all day that at
one China base a commando TAXED out
to the runway with one of the loading
coolies still aboard. He jumped out the
cargo door as the planes engines gunned
for the takeoff.
At Running, principal China terminus,
parallel runways were used. A ship
would come in on one, unload on the
taxi strip between, and take off down.
wind on the other strip.
Rivalry Was Keen
ttlNdlly pSlWSCll U1liCClS dllu lIlSll Ill
the Assam Valley approached that of
college football teams back home. OFF,
GERS and desk men were out on the air.
fields working overtime with unaccus-
toned muscles to help load and service
the big transports. Bets were made on
the relative standings of the bases and
the total of trips to be made.
Chabua field, oldest of the Assam VAL
ley C-46 bases, sent the most trips over
the hump, but achieved the honor only
after bitter last-ditch battle. The
base sent out 125 trips, five more than
the record from any base and just one
more than the base which landed in
second place.
Chabua was closed by cloudburst for
the first As minutes of the day, which
opened officially at 7 P M. July 81.
Then the skies cleared, but the field was
covered with water throughout the night
and day.
All night and day the giant COM
Evening star., 1945-09-09

been a diagnostic laboratory where
specimens could be sent in to determine
the virus or rickettsial origin of the
disease"
From all over the world this in
fectiouS material has been flown to the
laboratory, packed in dry ice-the brain.
spinal cord or organs of a person who
had died of a disease or the organs
of an infected animal.
BY injecting animals with the ma
terial thus obtained, it has been pos
sible, for instance, to "differentiate
the various types of encephalitis caused
by viruses," Col Plotz said.
While it sometimes is too late to
help one victim, proper controls may
be Immediately set up to prevent an
epidemic.
Guarding Against Epidemics
Thus this Army Medical School labo-
ratory has stood like a watch dog
throughout the war, guarding against
epidemics which may have broken out
naturally or through the devices of an
enemy agent.
Two of the problems confronting the
laboratory now are tSutSugamushi fever
or scrub typhus and japanese B en-
cephalitis. The scrub typhus first be-
came the concern Of the Army with
the invasion of New Guinea where
spread by mite.
japanese B predominantly is found
In Japan and is carried by mosquitoes
No vaccine is known for either disease,
but the laboratory believes 1t has
lead" with the egg yolk process used
for typhus vaccine.
The danger of experimenting with the
scrub typhus is great since there is no
preventive or positive treatment. Thus
such men as Capt. Bennett, S/Sergt.
Leonard Lister, %, of Baltimore, and
Corpl. James w. Maxwell, %, of Poteau,
Okla, are constantly exposing them
selves to infection in their work of
inoculating animals.
Like others in the laboratory, they
take all precaution-rubber gloves when
possible, masks and alcohol sterilization.
Yet there is the element of doubt that
makes Capt. Bennett rap wood when
he speaks of years of research in yellow
fever and other diseases without in
curing an infection.
Sergt. Lister will tell you its not the
safest business in the world. AS
laboratory assistant on a hospital ship
he took part in the invasions of Naples
and Normandy.
Enemies in the Dark
"You could see what was after you
there" he reasons. Here it is all in
the dark. Such as the time when a rat
bit me and there was nothing to do but
worry it out"
Evening star., 1945-09-09

has done extensive research in yellow
fever.
Two who played important parts in
the development of typhus vaccine from
egg incubation were Capt Reginald L.
Reagan, IS, of Connellsville, Pa, and
Capt. Howard L. Hamilton, 20, of Lone
Tree, Iowa Theirs is a particularly
hazardous work, that of harvesting"
inoculated egg embryos and sacs from
which the vaccine Is made
Capt. Kenneth Wertman, 80, of Pitts
burgh, Pa, had worked on typhoid vac
cines in this country and in Honolulu
before returning to the University of
Pittsburgh for his bachelors and
masters degrees. He joined the lab
oratory in January, 1s41, and has been
here continuously except for a period
last year in which he set up laboratory
for the Mexican government.
Some of the men, like Sergt Merrill
J. Snyder, 1924 Eighth street NV,
Washington, D. c., and Sergt. Ralph G.
Hough, 81, of 81 Kennedy street NV,
also Of Washington, are married. The
hazards of their work hold no fear for
them, but they worry when others are
around"
Egg Method Discovery
1t was in the Rocky Mountain Lab
oratory, Hamilton. Mont, shortly be-
fore outbreak of the war that Dr.
Herald Cox discovered the method of
cultivating the virus of typhus in the
yolk sac of fertile hens eggs. Before
that vaccine had been prepared from
the stomach walls of infected lice and
from infected mouse or rat lungs. The
latter two methods were dangerous and
not applicable to large-scale vaccine
production
Thus it was that the Army labora-
tory intensified its efforts with the
egg method. The procedure was to
punch holes into the wide ends of s.
day fertile eggs and inject infectious
material. Then the holes were sealed
with wax and the eggs placed in in
cubators at 36-degree temperature. Each
day the eggs were candled and when
the embryos became sluggish, the yolk
sacs were harvested" This was the
stage of the evolution fraught with
danger for those handling the infected
matter.
Studied Serbian Epidemics
native of Patterson, N j., Col.
Plotz was graduated from Columbia
University Medical School in 1918 and
a year later began study of typhus
epidemics in Serbia during a period so
critical that 10000 persons in a popu-
lation of 100000 died of the disease.
Before the United States entered the
World War he was seized by the Bull
garians in Serbia and spent nine
months with the German Army pursu-
ing his studies and gaining wide ex-
Evening star., 1945-09-09

Yet, Sergt. Lister volunteered for the
work he is doing and, like Corpl. Max
we'll, doesn't think too much about the
danger until you scratch your finger.
Then you go around in cold sweat
for a few minutes
Dean" of the civilian corps" is Miss
Nancy Rogers, 80, of Leesburg, Va, who
was employed at the school as a bac-
teriology specialist when the laboratory
was founded and Immediately asked for
work there.
The zeal with which she inoculates
monkeys and performs other duties pur-
suant to virus naturalization stamps her
as an example of what Col Plotz means
when he says they all can speak the
language now better than I can"
The husbands of two other civilian
Evening star., 1945-09-09

Chief OF the DiUision OF
Virus and Rickettsial Diseases
and credited With organizing
the laboratory that helped
Uaccinate an army is Col.
Harry Plots.
technicians. Mrs. Martha Rape, 25, of
San Angelo, Tex, and Mrs. Elberta
Stratton of 1903 Holly street NV,
Washington, D. c., are in the Army over
seas. Both were doing similar work
before the war and worry not at all
about the possible consequences.
Younger Members
Among the younger members of the
organization, Pvt. Joseph Danauskas, %,
of Waterbury, Conn.,, qualities as the
most unusual. Wounded in Italy while
serving with the infantry in November,
1943, he was glad to trade front-line war
fare for the work with "hot bugs"
Second in command and acting chief
during the recent illness of Col. Plotz
is Maj. Loring Whitman, Al, of Simsburg
Conn, who for nearly three years has
contributed to the genius of the lab
oratory. Formerly associated with the
Rockefeller Foundation, Maj. Whitman
Evening star., 1945-09-09
How Kansas Whipped the Dust Bowl

other progressive steps discovered in soil
conservation.
"Tree Belt" Program
The much discussed tree belt" pro-
gram of decade ago has not reached
this far west in Kansas, although far
ther East, in Central Kansas, millions of
shelter belt trees are fourishing along
the broad roadways, and farmers almost
universally agree they have served well
in holding moisture, and breaking up
straight wind currents that dig into the
soil.
Denious believes that the recent sue
cession of bumper crops has enabled
most farmers to trim their debts and
mortgages to weather the drought when
it returns.
Nevertheless, there is somewhat
alarming opposite view. The Hutchin-
son News-Herald called attention to
this in an editorial which said wave
of soil-breaking was rolling across ex-
treme Western Kansas" and noted that
$50 quarters had been broken out in one
county in a single season.
This paper and every other agency
and spokesman in Western Kansas
farming has warned that dry years will
come again, and land put to the plow
today in hopes of q good season and
quick profit, may be ruined, to be fol-
lowed "by the slow, painful process of
restoring the permanent vegetation"
In liberal and in most other Western
Kansas cities are examples of the steps
being taken to counteract these factors.
The liberal Chamber of Commerce, a
hustling outfit, has an agricultural COM
mittee that is offering big prizes, seed
stock and other inducements to the de-
velopment of better livestock, row crops.
diversification and scientific exploitation
of the soil. Last year Seward County
produced nearly 100000 bushels Of
sorghum crops, 10000 pounds Of broom
corn crops and $2.50000o worth Of live
stock and poultry produces. The total
value was nearly as much as that OF the
wheat yield.
Evening star., 1945-09-09

returning, and great wheat fields stretch
across the horizon.
Suitcase Farmers"
The suitcase farmers gambling on a
quick yield on small acreages, have gone
and Western Kansas wants to see them
no more. The trend is toward larger
acreages, farmers who will stick and
whose financial status is such they can
stand bad years in one or more crops.
This is best illustrated in nearby
Cheyenne County, Colo, which has 442
farms, compared with 671 in 1885, But
there are 931, ,142 acres under cultivation
compared with 512,424 in 1885 and the
average farm has jumped from 764 acres
to 2,107.
Today the traveller through this area
below the famed Cimarron finds almost
as much plowed wheat land lying fallow
or idle for season as he sees in pro-
duction. The marvel of fallowed land is
the greatest discovery of the decade in
viz AO5AoAi' toAio pioWCoy dAlo WO1 hCu
regularly to keep the weeds down. but
implanted, usually doubles it's yield when
planted to wheat the following year.
Reserve Moisture
This is because the moisture in the
fallowed land is conserved and builds up
to four or five feet in depth, even with
the light rainfall of this region. This
reserve provides the water which wheat
roots need when the summer sun blazes.
So many cases have been recorded OF
farmers raising 10 to Is bushels per acre
on unfallowed ground and Is to 40 BUSH
els of wheat per acre on adjacent fall
lowed ground, that even the most skep-
tical farmer has become convinced.
Strangely enough, experience has
shown that fallowed, loose land does not
blow away when not in production. The
fact that packed soil will wind erode
while loose and worked soil will not Is 8
phenomena the outsider will not be.
lieve. Contour planting and planting
across the path Of prevailing winds arr
Evening star., 1945-09-09
BY Charles Nutter,
Associated Press staff Writer

LIBERAL LKans.-Mention dust bowl"
in Western Kansas today and from
many residents you get chill that
lowers the 100-degree temperature for
which this famed wheat country is
noted. From others, you'll get serious
and worried frown; they're the ones who
do not believe that the dust bowls have
departed, never to return and who see
some alarming tendencies creeping back
now after few years of prosperity.
- The war, discovery of huge fields of
gas, diversification and enlightened and
scientific farming have changed COM
pletely, in less than decade, the face of
this thriving metropolis of far South
western Kansas, once perilously close to
being the unofficial dust bowl capital of
the West.
Presidents quickly emphasize that the
Oklahoma panhandle, Kansas and Okla
homa were not the only victims of the
drought and dust of a decade ago, and
that areas in the Dakotas, Iowa, Illinois
and Indiana suffered extensively too)
Bumper Wheat Crops
Five straight years of bumper wheat
crops, abundant moisture and establish
ment of a big Army air base nearby on
the broad highlands have pushed Liberal
from struggling, near stagnant town
OF less than 5000 persons to population
OF around 10000, with living quarters at
such premium that the housing situa-
ton probably is as acute as anywhere
else in the United States.
Bank deposits in Liberal scared from
$1,712,00o in 1910, when the cycle turned.
to $10,515 900 in 1945. In Dodge City
deposits rose from 81, 500 900 to $14 900 900
in few years. Similar increases in
other cities and trading centers in the
old dust bowl region are evident.
In 1934-38, when the great blowout"
was in progress, hope was all but aban-
doned that the wind-swept plow lands
could be saved. Today, much Of the soil
that once was thought lost forever is
matted with thick Buffalo grass. sage Is