The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-04-23


 The largest group of higl Wednesday, April 9 in the an effective world organization much debate.
 It will be the most important international conference since the peace treaty of World War I was signed at Versailles in 1919-a treaty that included the Covenant of the League of Nations, which the U. s. rejected.
 This time the world organization is being created before the peace treaty. This conference - officially -"The United Nations Conference on International Organization" - will NOT be a peace conference. Boundaries, reparation. diSarma- ment and control of the enemy, and similar subjects will not come up.
 Peace Charter Sole Aim
 The conference has only one bjective-drafting of charter for known as "The United Nations"- the name of the victory bound combination in this war.
 Condell Hull former Secretary of State and considered the father of the United Nations, set forth as early as 1897 the basic objective "a world organized for peace and advancing civilization, rather than for war and degrading savagery."
 The aim of this conference will be to build the framework of a world organization that can begin to help fulfill that objective.
 When Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.. temporary presi- dent of the conference, gavels the delegates to order on Wednesday, most of the worlds leading experts on foreign affairs will be present. As of this writing, 46 nations will be represented. ranging all the way from the Big Five - the United States Great Britain, Soviet Rus sia, France and China - down to such little ones as Luxembourg, Fl Salvador, Panama and Libera.
 If a new Polish government is formed by then, the nations pres ent will number AT: if new Polish government is formed after the conference starts. its representa- tives will be rushed here to occupy the "seat" that will be reserved.
 U. S. S.R. Assigns Ambassador
 In addition to Foreign Commisar V. M. Molotov, the other delega- tions will be studded with names 1oAr e AaIl Af iVltorV,o tional relations
 British Foreign Secretary An thony Eden:
 Chinese Foreign Minister T. V. Soong and the veteran Chinese diplomat, Wellington Koo;
 South African Prime Minister Jan Christian Shuts;
 Canadian Prime Minister w. L. Mackenzie King;
 Czechoslovak Foreign Minister JNn MaSaryk;
 French Foreign Minister Georges Bidault;
 Mexican Foreign Minister E1e- quiet Padilla;
 Yugolsav Foreign Minister Ivan Subasitch.
 The U. S. Delegation in con- trast to the one-party group Wood- row Wilson took to Paris-wlil be bipartisan with both Democratic and Republican members of the foreign relations committees of the House and Senate, young republican naval officer and woman.
 The conference will be limited to members of the United Nations nations which have signed the de- claration of the United Nations and thereby are pledged to the prin- ciples of the Atlantic Charter. Some of the 47 United Nations just got in under the wire by belated de- clarations of war against the Axis. At the Crimea Conference of the Big Three 1t was decided that the ticket of admission to San Fran cisco was membership in the Unit ed Nations.
 Hull Began Plans Early
 Shortly after the Japanese at- lacked Pearl Harbor, Hull began informal studies on world organi- zation. The plans didn't take root until Nov. 2, 1943, when the Amer ican, British and Russian foreign ministers announced after their unprecedented conference in Mos- COW that they recognized "the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date to general international organization"
 The U. s. Senate, which in 1920 reflected membership in the League, passed resolution three days after the Moscow announcement pledg- ing the United States to join with other nations in establishing and maintaining international authority with power to prevent aggression and to preserve the peace of the world"
 That was the "go ahead" signal and within nine months the Big Powers were meeting at Dunbar ton Oaks. an estate in Washington, D. C., to draft proposals for new world organization.
 Out of those long conferences came what are now known as the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals. They are the basis of the discussions of San Francisco.
 Only one major blank was left at Dumbarton Oaks. The repre- Sentatives there could not agree on voting procedure for the Secur- ity Council-the all-powerful part of the organization: the body that would be empowered to enforce sanctions and to call upon mem- ber nations for the use of armed forces to suppress aggression or a threat of aggression.
 Big 3 Agreed i'm Crimea
 Failure to agree on that point postponed the present conference until now.
 It finally was necessary to wait until the Big Three leaders-Presi- dent Roosevelt, Prime Minister