davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-08-18

Note Since this column was written, Grew has been replaced by President Truman as Under Secretary by Dean Acheson.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-08-18

the first floor of the old Messerchmdt buildr by the Morris Construction Company new foundation being put under the building
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-08-18

enge issued by the bachelors of the City Baseball Leagu rried league play nine-inning game the fol
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-08-18

CT Alameda from Seattle with 40 passengers 10s
 tourists, and the Princess Alice had arrived the night passengers, chiefly tourists.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
Detroit Soldier
In Italy

WITH THE ASC-Priyate First
Class Edward L. Hodges. Jr. sos
Melbourne street Detroit. son OF
William s. Hodges. OF Falbotton.
Georgia. is presently working in
a large Air Force Ordnance Depot
company which is part OF the
air service command In Italy.
Private Hodges entered the ar
my September 3. 1912. Joining
hir present outfit at GreenviIle,
South Carolina. and began his
overseas service on April %, 1914.
AS civilian. Private Hodges
was employed as waiter. He
has attended special training
school for Welding at Mac Dill
Field. Florida.
Private Hodges has seen much
service in Italy and can relate
many interesting and exciting
happenings Of his service In the
Italian campaign-always within
artillery fire. He wears the FAME
ribbon with one battle star 10
his credit.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
Discrimination Wide Open At
Fl. Leonard Wood, Says Visitor

The Negro officers and men
say they would welcome an inyes-
tigation from the Inspector-Gen-
erals office. as conditions seem
TO be growing worse, instead OF
better.
Many Negro officers, who arc
veterans with overseas service.
have been returned 10 Fort Leo
nard Wood and have to serve
under green rookie white Off
GERS. 80 Negroes have ever been
permitted 10 serve as company
commanders. regardless OF quail
iications 1t seems to be the
same old story victory and glory
abroad. after sacrifice. pain and
death, but humiliation At home.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
Current In New orls

The Detroit Branch OF the Ma
th.nal Association for the Ad-
vancemsn; o. Cclored People Is
represented at the ln-Scrvics
Training conference in New York
City July ills by its executive
secretary Ciloster 3. Current.
rhe conference was designed
To- the execu VI secretaries OF
branches to confer on general
problems and plan techniques for
greater cooperation between the
branches and the national Off
GERS and 10 devise ways ana
means for greater assistance TO
returning veterans. Methods 10
combat racial tensions and fric-
ton will also be discussed.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
NEITHER PUBLIC NOR
PRIVATE HOUSING ON HAND

through great sacrifices to keep
up the payments on their homes.
Builders and finance people will
testify TO the fact that Negro
buyers are good risks from al
most any point OF view
There has been tendency IN
the last few years to relegate
the Negro housing problem sole
ly to public low cost housing;
the facts show that such pro-
gram carried out to such limits
will work havoc with great num-
hers Of deserving Negro families.
II appears almost unreasonable
10 allow 1886 families with a
total average yearly earning az
approximately 13 million dollars
10 go begging for adequate shell
ter. Private builders and finance
companies cannot continue to
criticize public housing and al
the same time not work out
program whereby families With
an average income yearly OF So
95s cannot own new homes
There Is definite place in our
national life for low cos, govern
ment financed housing ,or low
income families Anybody who
has thought about the problem az
all must know that the great
bulk ~ our people regardless cf
race color. or creed have TO have
an opportunity 10 own their own
homes when they are able to do
SO. n private enterprise Is to con-
tlnue 10 Justify It's existence IN
tho building field.
I think that private industry
can meet the needs Of 1885 fam
lilies with an average income of
se.s5s. hut private industry needs
10 rrt busy Immediately with the
FILA and other governmental
agencies 10 do SO Four fhous-
and three hundred and thirty
five f4.3S5) families needing de-
cent shelter with total Income
OF si3.0n0 600 10 pay for the shell
ter must certainly challenge the
progressive members or the
building industry Of Detroit.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
"Nigger" Dropped
From Dictionary

WASHINGTON (ANP)- The
John c. winston company, pub
Usher OF dictionaries. will omit
the word Niger" from all fu-
lure editions, beginning with
those copyrighted this year, ac-
cording TO an item in the June
issue OF Survey Graphic. social
work professional magazine. 9th
er terms OF racial oppobrium
such as coon. "dago1. "shee-
ney". and "wop' will be deleied
as soon as technically possible.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
BY ULYSSES BOYkIN

Flaerant discri mi at ION and
segregation seem to be the rule
at Fort Leonard Wood. Missouri
|, was openly apparent TO this
Detroit Tribune representative
who visited there last week.
Although the Negro soldiers
comprise AZ per cent Of the
camp personnel. Of the five serv-
Ice clubs on the post, only one
Is allotted TO their use. They
have a ilm-crcw theatre. recre-
alton hall and chapel
Their morale is low. Even the
Negro officers are separated from
their brother white officers at
their mess. Both groups are watt
Cd ON by German POW. though
separately. II must do these van
oaished upholders OF mythical
racial superiority good 10 see
the very hing they were defeated
for being practiced by the victors.
The homes OF civilian employ
ess on the post. commissioned and
uon-commissioned officers, are
strictly segregated. The club that
has been set aside for the use
Of colored officers. Is ironically
referred 10 as the Officers An
mex.
According to many OF the Negro
officers here, II they dare speak
ont against discrimination. they
are transferred to other camps
They also charge that an army
hostess. Mrs. Mazelle Washing
ton, was retired because she
wrote letter TO the President,
protesting The treatment OF the
Negro soldiers.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
)etros Housing Needs Are Challenge To Private Builders
McClendon Back
From NAACP Board

Or. James 5 McClendor, preri-
dent OF the Detroit Branch
MACE. returned 10 the cry
MONDAY, afer attending the hoard
meeting composed 81 national Of
flccrs Of mo national Association
for tho Advancement of Colored
People which was held In Gin
cinnar Ohio SATURDAY July I.
AT the mass meeting which
took place IN Eaden Park Wal
ter White NATIONAL secretary for
NAACp spoke 10 slorying. terms
of the Negro soldiers in Europe
and Pacific iheaiers Of war
Judge William X Hastis,
chailsnan ~ tho national LEGAL
redress committee for NAACP.
was also ono 81 me principal
speakers Hc reviewed some II
the Associations legal harles IN
behalf az Nerro soldiers and
against fcs'ficii,e covenants
which arc opposed 20 Americas
miinoritics
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
FLA Sells Bonds

The Future Farmerc OF Ameri-
ca, with membership Of over
100000 Negro boys and girls.
have sold sS.l06.6O72l In war
bonds and stamps during the
last year, the War Finance d.
vision OF the Treasury depart
ment was informed This repre-
sents only half OF their war bond
activities. as they have themsel-
yes invested sSl2i.5sl7s, a mill
lion and half dollars above
their goal for the year.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14
Buyers With Funds
But Nothing To Buy

As OF June $, l945. the Ten
ant Selection Office Of tht De-
trolt Housing Commission had
1896 Negro families certified for
housing. These 1886 families
had a total income OF approxi-
mately s15.OOO.00O. The average
income by family sizes was
two person family had an aver
age income OF $500: a three
person family had an average in
come OF s2.s7S: four person
family s2.sa9; a five person
family ss.1fs; six person fam
lily. s2.9s7 and seven person
family an average income Of So
905.
Earning Power
The two person family repre-
sented 4s5 families Tor eleven
percent OF the total number Of
the families certified as OF June
3. l945). Three person families
represented 1860 OF the 4.335
families Cor twenty four and
fourt-tenths per cent OF the total
Four person families numbered
l'SiS lor thirty one and two
tenths per cent OF the 1895 FAINT
liesl. There were IA five person
families or seventeen and nino-
tenths per cent OF the total) and
1856 six person families Tor eight
and two-tenths per cent OF the
total) There were only 1874 seven
per son families representing
three and five-tenths OF the total
and those over seven person
families were 14s or three and
four-tenths per cent OF the total.
Needs Contrast
The average income OF the
white families certified for
housing June s. 1916 was 81 e73.
The average income OF the Ne
gro families was $2,956 The
facts behind these two sets OF
figures are these The average
white applicant who Is certified
for housing Is not so much In the
need OF shelter at this time as
the family is seeking adjustment
because OF financial difficulties,
such as having one member OF
the family in service and having
to seek aid financially from So
cial agencies
The Negro families seeking
houses are faced with the lack
OF available structures In which
they can house their families
Sixty-six per cent OF our Negro
families cannot he housed In low
cost housing projects because
they are over the income limits
This represents challenge 10
the FILA and private builders.
Private builders and the FILA
have an opportunity to make II
possible through reasonable fin
ancing methods and desire 10
build for n group ~ people who
are financially able 70 own de-
cent home 10 aid these people
Negroes Good RISK
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-07-14

Negro home buyers have de-
monstrated their determination
TO own home in Detroit Many
times Negro families have gone
Evening star., 1945-08-15

physical world. They do not anticipate
They follow.
The imperative necessities of war
compel minds and hands to work faster
and thus bring forth many new devices
and inventions. But that is not an
argument for war. The governments of
the United States, Britain and Canada
promoted and directed the research on
this bomb. But that does not prove the
general intelligence and beneficence of
government enterprise. The presence of
the atomic bomb makes war more ter
rible and international cooperation
more necessary. But every step in in
vention was proof of that. The atomic
bomb does not make big nations small
and weak nations strong. The balance
or unbalance among the nations re-
mains about as 1t was.
Nor does the rush to incorporate the
word "atom" in our slogans and by
words Of political discussion make 1t any
more valid to try to solve concrete prob
lens by the use Of generalities. The
atomic bomb Is summons to think
more clearly. But that need has al
ways existed. It is the same world with
its problems bit more clearly defined
but with solutions still waiting for the
application of reason.
Evening star., 1945-08-15
The Glory Thot Appears

An end and q beginning! Turn the page
And 1Drite 1,eiD words thereon:
Victorious tDords employ
That soar on tDings of joy
And shine against the ddtDn,
The dawn that brightens on golden
The tedr-dimmed, blood stained records
of the past
The anguish and the scars,
The tdr-or island grapes.
On reefs by lonely ,Dapes,
Death under alien stars
Deep in the Nations thankful heart
stand t1st.
The sound OF peace is strange upon our
ears
Though prayed for operlong;
Injured to bitterness,
Pain, parting and distress,
Lips are unused to song,
Hearts sloaD to grasp the glory that
appears.
Oh, Father, lead US in this fatetul hour.
Guard Thou this Nations soul.
Make us compassionate,
DIGEST US of all hate.
What ice hare broken, let our locs
make tDhOle
And shield rs from the danger OF our
ospn great potUer.
NEz BARCLAY KIRBY
Evening star., 1945-08-15
MucArthur's Task

1t is eminently fitting that Gen.
eral Macarthur should be the
supreme Allied commander to whom
the japanese war lords must for
mally surrender and under whose
orders Emperor Hirohito must
henceforth act. In the eyes of most
Americans, and indeed of most
peoples the world over, no man
has better personified this Nations
indomitable will to overcome the
first shock of grave defeat and to
march forward from that point to
the total victory that is ours today.
Immediately after the disaster of
Pearl Harbor, it was General Mac
Arthur's troops-hopelessly isolated
in the PhilippineS-who fought the
first major land battle of the war
In the Pacific. They fought bravely
and brilliantly, but the odds against
them were overwhelming, and the
end that came finally on Bataan
and Corregidor was inevitable.
There never had been darker hour
in American history, but there was
the high inspiration of MacArthur's
voice vowing that he would return,
and America responded to it and
had faith in it.
The faith, certainly, was not mis-
rloooI Cfoy, bu cf oy, froy,, A,,Sfro1io
achieving much with necessarily
little and having the magnificent
support of the Navy, General Mac
Arthur led the way back from bloody
island to bloody island until at last
first by way of Leyte Gulf and then
by way of Lingayen Gulf-he and his
forces, new well supplied, were back
on the soil of the Philippines. The
VOW had been fulfilled, and then
there was the voice of victory speak
ing, then Macarthur was saying,
"On to Tokyo!"
1t is in Tokyo, presumably, that
he will set up his headquarters as
supreme Allied commander. His
task will not be an easy one. It will
call for poise, vision, wisdom and
craftsmanship of a high order. 1t
will profoundly influence the shaping
of the peace throughout all of Asia.
1t will be one of the heaviest re-
sponsibilities borne by any American.
But on the record of what he has
already achieved, this country and
the world at large may with good
reason be confident that General
Macarthur will no more falter or
fail in this than he has in anything
since the dark days of our early
defeats in the Pacific.
Evening star., 1945-08-15
Treachery in the Cards
By Maj. George Fielding EHo

have advised him so enormously. From
this it is only step to acts in opposi-
tion to this bad advice.
Moreover, it Is not impossible by any
means that Japanese commanders of
island garrisons and of forces on the
Asiatic continent may simply refuse to
accept the imperial command to sur
render, If sent by wire or radio because
they cannot bring themselves to believe
that any such command could ever be
issued by their divine ruler.
This is a state of affairs which can
occasion endless trouble to Allied COM
msnders, and can we'll be the cause of
additional loss of Allied lives even after
the main surrender has been signed,
sealed and delivered. 1t is possible that
one cause of all the delay in transmit
ting the final Japanese surrender note
is due to the fact that it has been found
necessary for imperial headquarters to
send proper accredited messengers of
high rank to the principal outlying COM
manders, to make a personal, unques-
tionable delivery of the surrender orders
so that there can be no doubt or mis-
understanding.
In the course of the occupation of
such areas of the japanese home land
as 1t may be necessary to occupy, Off
GERS and soldiers of all ranks of the
Allied forces will have to be on their
guard against the unpredictable reac-
tions of the Japanese people, even of
individuals. No one knows what the
mood of the people will be when they
discover the decision which their EN-
peror has been compelled to take Muir
derous attacks on sentries, patrols or
stragglers are possible-one would even
say likely, were it not for the fact
that the habit of unquestioning obedi-
ence may still be stronger than the
terrific impact of the fact of surrender
AS to that, only time will tell. Until
we learn by experience that the Japa-
nese will accept defeat and occupation,
at the imperial command, with the same
submission that they have customarily
shown to that command, there can
never be a moments relaxation of
vigilance by any Allied soldier on Japa-
nese soil.
1t is not pleasant to write of these
things, but all the history of the ma
ton which treacherously attacked us
while her ENJOYS were talking peace in
our very capital warns us that Japa-
nese ideas of honor are very foreign to
our own, and that we have no assurance
whatever, even when we have the i'm
perial sign manual at the bottom of
the protocol of surrender, that our men
are any safer in Japan than their
weapons and discipline can make them.
tCopyright, 1945.)
Evening star., 1945-08-15

Not the least of the problems facing
the Allied commanders in the Pacific.
now that the Japanese surrender is ac-
complished, will be the need to guard
against treachery.
The possibility that the japanese may
be meditating treachery on the grand
scale cannot be disregarded, in view OF
their record and what we know of the
Japanese character. They might just
possibly be cherishing some idea of get
ting our men and ships at close quarters
without benefit of heavy preparatory
air and naval bombardment and then
delivering a huge banzai attack; this
might appeal to then. on the ground OF
national prestige. or they might even
think that they could gain some mill
tary advantage which would permit
them to prolong the fight for while.
They probably do not yet know very
much about the actual properties of the
atomic bomb and they may we'll feel
that if our men were ashore in Japan
and our ships in their harbors, We
would be reluctant to use it. Thus they
might think that they would be able to
resume fighting on somewhat more even
terms and with an enemy they could
get at, instead of the present long
range battering to which they are almost
completely unable to make any reply.
1t may be taken for granted that our
commanders will be on guard against
anything of this sort, but it is also
very certain that if their precautions
are to be effective they will have to be
elaborate, will call for the closest sort
of cooperation and close liaison be-
tween air, sea and ground forces, and
that the process of making everything
secure in Japan may extend over a
period of days, if not weeks.
But even if there is no overall treach-
cry attempted by the japanese high
command, it is still quite in the cards
that local Japanese commanders or even
individuals may commit acts of violence
against our forces.
We are accustomed to think OF the
japanese as race giving blind loyalty
they are; but we should remember also
that they believe that the Emperor can
do no wrong and that they have
curious way of confusing morality and
success. What succeeds is right; what
fails is wrong. Consequently If the
Emperor sanctions course of action
which turns out to be a failure, it
means he has been badly advised, and
it is well within the scope of Japanese
mentality to come to the conclusion
that the august mind must be set at
rest by doing away with those who
Evening star., 1945-08-15
Wagons Hitched to a Bomb
By Raymond oIey

The neutrons will explode beside the
atom. Among the more prominent by
explosions will be every brain in every
country which harbors a pet idea. AL
ready the line of I-told-you-sos looks
like group of prospective customers
before store with a new supply of
mems shorts.
News services tell us of scores of
puns and wisecracks about the atom
springing up in newspaper Offices. They
range from Japan has received an
atomized statement" to walt Disney
has new atomated cartoon" Night
club entertainers have acquired a new
word to brighten their assortment of
corny jokes.
Reformers of all sorts have imag-
mary evidence to activate their nos
trums. National planners see the max
ing of the bomb triumph for govern
ment enterprise. The use of the atomic
principle viii make socialism inevitable.
they say.
Universities see it as an argument for
collecting new funds for research.
Moralists see the chance for homily
on mind over matter. The One-World-
ers see further shrinkage of the globe.
A Roosevelt idolater seizes this chance
to point out that the late Presidents
part In supporting atomic research
makes traitors of those who criticize the
late Presidents family. The Murray
full-employment bill advocates rise to
point out the new Importance to be at
tached to their bill. And so on and
so on.
Much OF this is true; but its utility
is doubtful. The birth of q great dis
covery should impel intelligent men to
try to determine how much revision is
necessary in their previous axioms Of
thought and conduct. It is scarcely In
telligent to use it to bolster previously
held theories and values.
That is especially true of political
and economic theories. Political and
economic devices result from, they dc
not cause, scientific discovery. They are
conditioned by the known facts Of the
Evening star., 1945-08-15

while President Truman and his advisers
sincerely hope that the surrender
ordered by Hirohito will mean the
actual end OF this devastating war, there
still is danger that the field marshals
and generals who have several million
men under their command in Asia might
be the stumbling block to peace.
There is no doubt in the mind OF
American and British policy trainers
that our best chance of effecting a
cessation of hostilities in Asia is to
maintain the imperial dynasty on the
throne. The rank and file in Japan
believe In the dynasty, and If some fight
ing must be done to break any further
resistance from rebellious forces, Gen.
Macarthur can do it In the name and
with the sanction of the Emperor him.
self. The forces of resistance, if the
japanese generals attempt to accom-
plish what the Germans SIS generals
failed to do, can be outlawed as rebels
by an order of the imperial government
and subjected to the punishment admin
istered in Japan to those who disobey
the Emperor's orders-that Is, capital
punishment.
1t is admitted in military quarters in
Washington that if the japanese Army
commanders in Asia desired to prolong
their resistance, they can do so for some
time. A cohesive force could be main
tanned for few months, until the avail
able military supplies are exhausted.
Later they could spread the remaining
units as guerrillas over the huge Asiatic
territory.
No resistance in the shape of an
underground force or organized banditry
was possible in. Germany. The territory
of the former Reich was being invaded
by huge forces from the east and
from the west. The relative smallness
of the country and the excellent lines
of communications make guerrilla fight
ing there impossible.
The situation in Asia is different.
The country lacks adequate lines of
communications and offers an excellent
terrain for all kinds of guerrilla fighting
from Manchuria to the tip of Indo-
China There is little desire on the
part of the japanese soldiers to return
home. Even in the days of peace,
home" offered little more than a scant
livelihood to the millions of farmers
and fishermen who form the bulk of
the population Homecoming under
defeat offers an even less tempting
prospect