davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-02
Letters to The Star
Britain's Acts in Ethiopia
Explained by Mr.. Butler
To the Editor Of The star:

To the Editor Of The star:
Certainly Dutton Ferguson Is right in
his letter to The Star, printed December
90, when he says: "The real political
and territorial aspirations Of the top
spokesmen for Great Britain might be
indicated by what has been taking
place in the East African nation Of
Ethiopia" But his deductions are far
from right, and he apparently is COM
pletely unaware of the latest Develop
ments.
There have been three stages in the
return of Ethiopia toward normal peace
time conditions:
% The forces of the British Empire
destroyed the Italian armies in Ethiopia
by the East African campaign in 1941
at no small cost in British lives. The
country was thus liberated from Axis
tyranny and the Emperor was restored
to his throne.
CD The period beginning with the sign
ing OF the Anglo Ethiopian agreement
in January, 1912, which formally rec
ognized the independence and sover-
eighty OF Ethiopia provided the coun-
try with considerable financial and other
help, and reserved certain rights to the
British military and advisers to enable
Britain to meet the critical military
situation still existing In the Middle
East.
t3) The period which began with the
signing of new Anglo Ethiopian agree
ment on December 10, 1914, which Is to
remain in effect until a final general
peace settlement. Its principal terms
are:
ta) Britain surrenders any exclusive
air rights in Ethiopia and secures for all
Allied air forces the right of transit and
landing
(b) Britain surrenders the right to
maintain military forces within Ethiopia.
except such as are agreed by both gov
ernments to be helpful in maintaining
order in certain border areas until the
end of the war.
Co Britain will relinquish operation of
the Ethiopian sector of the Franco
Ethiopian Railway between Adds Ababa
and Djibuti in French Somaliland. Ethi-
opia will take over this operation, SUBJ
lect to the rights of the French COM
pany owning the railway, and has un-
dertaken to insure that the railways
contribution to the war effort is main
tanned efficiently.
I'D The British Minister no longer
shall have precedence at the Ethiopian
court; the Ethiopian government may
choose any foreign advisers anywhere
1t wishes, and Britain will give most
friendly consideration to any suggestions
which Ethiopia may wish to make in
the future concerning possible finan-
cial assistance.
AS to Mr.. Fergusons' statement that:
justices from Great Britain were placed
on the bench of all the major civil
courts" 1t Is only necessary to state that
total of Is British judges, advisers
and police officers are now at the dis
posal of the Ethiopian Emperor, and
under the new agreement he may re-
place these or choose others as he wishes.
1t is to be hoped that Mr.. Ferguson
is right in saying that British financiers
lost no time in stabilizing Ethiopian
currency and setting its fiscal afYairs
IN order Nothing can be more disas-
trous than the imitation that so often
follows when the conqueror is expelled
HAROLD BUTLER.
The British EMBASSY
Evening star., 1945-01-02
More About Counts. Palatine
The British Embassy.

More About Counts. Palatine
To the Editor Of The Star:
Your interesting editorial article on
the history of the province of the pala-
innate on the Rhine deals with subject
on which now am engaged in research.
It Is well expressed when you say
that; The Frankish kings of the Me-
roVlng1an dynasty created a comes pa
latinus', closely attached to themselves.
TO attend to military and administrative
duties which they wished to delegate"
Those duties usually pertained to terri
tory that had been conquered and be.
come the property Of the sovereign in
person as distinguished from territory
that belonged to the lords of various
grades. The central department usually
was headed by comes and domesticus
count and court officer). Ultimately.
tnese royal lands were organized in
separate units and a count-palatine as
signed to the military and administra-
tive management of each unit. One of
these units was that which originally
included the whole Vosges Mountain
region, the Hardt district (now western
Palatlnate). and the region east of the
latter, chiefly the pagi of Speyer and
Worms
The first count-palatine of this en-
tire region, son of major domus of
Austrasia under King Theuderich of
the Merovingian dynasty and tradition
ally descendant of that dynasty, was
one Wernher I &c. 678-753) who as
sumed that office about 725, and not the
Hermann I whom you state was the
hrst and who held that office more than
two centuries later. Wernher's seat was
at Speyer. When an old man. about
75o, he established a wayfarers' shelter
at Hornbach, south of Zweibrucken. in
the pagus of Blies (Blese), which later
became monastery, thus, the actual
creation OF the Palatinate occurred
about 725
A descendant of Wernher's younger
brother Hatto created the Franconian
duchy and royal dynasty, sometimes
called the Salian dynasty, and furnished
lts frst king in the person of Conrad
king 911-918}. He had only two
daughters and the elder, Kunigunde.
married the last count-palatine of the
elder branch of this family, Wernher
VII. in 922 and they were the ancestors
OF the later kings of this Franconian
dynasty, beginning with Emperor Con-
rad II in 1924.
Evidently the Hermann I that YOU
name succeeded Wernher VII as count
palatine and was appointed by the
Saxon dynasty. He doubtless repre-
sented wholly different family. Be-
fore this time the Vosges Mountains
had been detached from the rest OF the
Palatinate, leaving the latter as 1t is
today. Since the Franconian duchy, al
though organized BY Franks, was east
of the Rhine and became a part Of the
later Germany, this history explains
why the Palatinate, west of the Rhine,
which was an integral part of that
duchy, also became part of Germany
instead of France, to which it logically
should belong.
Editorials of this kind are very in
formative and are to be commended.
CALVIN KEPHART.
Evening star., 1945-01-02
And Worse
Bv David Laurence

Prom the Detroit Free Press
In the new piano-hke instrument
which the Russians have just invented,
mechanical noises are eliminated by
filters. Our masters Of the boogie-
woogie, however, can be relied upon to
put them right back In.
Evening star., 1945-01-02
Now Ii Con Be Told

From the Garden City Telegram
Elections are wonderful things. Dur
ing the campaign period the Commander
In Chief did not feel it his duty to tell
u folks about little things like shell
Ehortase on the western front.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Fire PeriIs 36
In Mt. Clemens

Mt. CLEMENS, Jan % - The
barking Of small dog was cred
tied today with saving the lives OF
IS children and adults who fed 10
the street when fire destroyed an
eight-unlt apartment house at l36
CaSS.
The fire broke out in the base
ment. apparently about 6 4 m.
Smelling smoke a small Scotty
belonging 10 Orln and James Gun
ningham barked His b KIN z
aroused an elderly woman who
Sprea d the alarm even as the
flames swept up through the first
floor of the two-stOry frame StruC-
ture
Jacob Hoffman, p retired mer-
chant and owner Of the building
estimated the building loss alone
was $4,000
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
E|e(tionChdnQes
dbY Board
Timer Photo

Three proposed charter amend
nents one providing for absentee
voting. we're approved for mclu-
sion on the April 2 election ballot
ny the CITY elections commission
today
The absentee ballot amendment
would give al PERSONS in The
armed services. the merchant ma
rIne and civilians on duty with The
armed forces the right 10 vote by
mail
The other two amendments pro-
vide for the changing Of the date
OF the municipal primary 10 Aug.
7 and the designation Of May 9 a.
the last date for fling nominating
petitions July IS would be the
last registration date Il I h 2 Sc
amendments are approved by the
electorate.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Wins Dog
Pomeranian. PercoIator
Awarded to Divoreee
Times Photo

Miss Gladys Levitt Of 2205 Vir-
gina Park today is IN possession
Of 2 4lz-pound PomeranIan dog
and an electric percolator after a
bitter court battle with her former
husband, Otto Boehm, A., Of 1850
Laing.
Miss Levitt, Who resumed her
maiden name when she received a
divorce. Nov. 80 after FIVE months
of married life. insisted the dog
was a gift 10 her while Boehm
said that he 'Just bought the dog
and II was not a gift. Common
Pleas Judge David c. Vokes ruled
IN favor Of Miss Levitt.
Boehm conceded the coffee pot
10 his former wife.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
GI S sWifeHeId
For Bigdnny

a wounded CT whose wife mar
ried a war worker while he was
fighting in Germany, today asked
Recorders Judge Joseph A. ellis
to dismiss the bigamy charge on
which she was being arraigned.
Judge ellis told the soldier.
Cpl. John Bays, on furlough from
a Texas army hospital, he did not
believe the prosecution would
drop the charge against Mrs.
Stella Bays, q, Of 1O2O9 f. JEFF
ferSon. but he would do my
best.
Mrs. Bays is charged with
marrying Charles Littrell, 20, in
the county building in February,
1914. She was married TO Bays
in Kentucky in 194l. before he
went overseas.
II talked with stella" the
shrapnel wounded corporal said,
land she wants to come back
with me. I want the charges
against her dropped. She knows
our marriage il the legal one.
That's the way I want 1t, too"
Neither man knew Of the
bigamy until Bays came TO De-
troit on his first furlough and she
asked him for a divorce so she
could make her marriage 10
Littrell legal When she told
Littrell of the dual marriage. he
called police.
Despite the soldier-husband's
forgiving attitude justice went its
course. Examination was held by
Recorders Judge Gerald w. Groat.
She was held in $500 bond, two
Sureties, for trial Feb. J.
Cpl Bays hurried from the
courtroom - 10 raise the bail
money
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
5Ford Men Mute
On nTheftChdrges

Five employees of the Ford
Park plant stood mute
today when arraigned before
Municipal Judge George L. Bad
der in Highland Park on charges
of theft of approximately $4,000
worth Of auto parts from the
plant since December.
Bond was fixed at $1,000 each
and the defendants were ordered
TO appear next Tuesday for ex-
animation.
They are John Kovary Jr., SO,
of 239 Victor. Highland Park;
AIgeri A. Cimarelli. %, of 1882
Cardoni Highland Park; Jack
Banks, 81. of 272 Chandler; John
Gagnon. "a, of 16S01 Ashton; and
Daniel Kuzmanov. 33. of 17427
Wanda.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Girl ON Sled Crushed.
Driver Speeds Away

peise foda4 -e4te4ti kft-Ftffi
driver who was IN too great n
f-i-tf tf,-StoP AFTER tIS car struck
and INJURED a 13-Ncar-Old Dear
born grl coaS'Ing on her sled In
Cnl~ou street between Orchard and
Chase Yesterday
Kathleen OHaga Of 52O7 Mead
41-4n Henry Ford Hospital her Jaw
tl---' ttttt-a Sr1r right ieE broken
ifze- eFffy witness. {. " orr Of
5otS Orchard told police thai the
unidentified driver got our OF his
car and said
Il am in 4 very great rush"
lID 'Nc1 ye-cntorCd his car and
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Robert Burns Club
To Install Officers

A wreath VIII he placed on the
Robert Burns Monument m CasS
Park a $50 p m. Thursday Al
s 2 m. the same day officers Of
the Robert 3ur1S Club VIII be
installed a. a banquet AZ 666
Lothrop
New officers arc Duncan Camp
bell president Richard A. Nc
Rae, vice president. Malcolm Nc
NIvln. secretary treasurer, and
Thomas y LeadheIler. Trustee.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Detroit Coun(iImen
Al Lansing Meeting

CounCIlmen ConstoCk. Sweeny
and Rogell arc IN Lansing today
TO attend A 'Wo-day meeting Of
the Stale Supervisors Association
The association meeting. at
tended by chalrmen Of the board
Of supervisors. the roads and
bridges committee and the WAYS
and means committees of 81
Michigan counties is considering
bills before the state legislature
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
L0dting Peri|s
War Work
WPB Official Tells
Of Pending Contracts

Charging bluntly that Detroit's
war effort needs Tightening up. "
CarSten Tiedoman. regional dircc.
tor Of the WPB, today demanded
an end 10 "laxneSS. inefficient
workmanship and loafing on the
Job before placing new contracts
in Detroit.
II Detroit plants can improve
efficiency 10 per cent they will
handle from two 10 three billion
dollars more IN war contracts a
year, Tiedeman stated.
PROMISES CONTRACTS
Tiedeman addressed strong
plea TO both labor and manage
ment 10 eliminate work SioppageS
and increase labor productivity
lie promised more contracts for
the area If such assurances would
be forthcoming.
THE armed services have an
nounced there are enough new
war contracts 10 be placed 80
that every one can work at top
rApacity and production will be
maintained nj peak figures" he
said.
1t has been felt for some
time, however. that certain
Tightening mp af war effort was
required and that laNneSs. in
~fhcient workmanship and loaf
Ing on the job must be overcome
before new contracts arr placed.
MUST BE CORRECTED
Some of this has been Attrib-
nted Ia labor and some 10 man.
agement. Regardless Of who is
responsible, the situation exists
and must he corrected.
III We can improve the ef-
bciency of workmanship here in
Detroit bN Just 10 per cent, We
ran handle from two Ia three
billion dollars per year more in
war contracts easily"
Tledeman SAID that before new
contracts VIII he placed repre-
ScniatIveS Of The armed services
and civilian war agencies Will hold
a meeting with management and
labor 10 got assurances that prO-
GgcHon vii bc on tune work
stoppareS VIII bc eliminated and
productivity VIII be increased
Otherwise ne warned rho con
tracts VIII he .placcd IN other
areas.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
ThonndsCooIs
On nStrikeVow
BY Ed BRAND
Detroit Times Labor Editor

NEW ORLEANS. Jan. 23-R. J
Thomas, president of the JAW
CIO. once one Of the most ardent
supporters Of the CLOS pledge
not TO strike until Germany and
Japan arc defeated, began hedging
on the issue today
Two months ago Thomas not
only advocated but demanded
strict adherence 10 the pledge
until the end of the war
DEPENDS on LAWS
Asked today whether he still
stood unqualifiedly behind the
pledge until the last shot is fired,
Thomas replied:
"Nell, wouldn't say that.
II all depends upon what hap
pens 20 labor after Germany is
defeated.
"My stand will depend a lot
upon what kind Of labor legis-
latiOn Is enacted"
Thomas admitted the no strike
pledge was discussed briefly at
the national executive boards
secret meeting here yesterday. but
said that no action was taken. The
national referendum on the pledge
will be discussed. however, later
in the week.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
BOLSTER POWER

In Thomas change of attitude
some board members saw feeble
attempt 70 bolster his own p0titi-
cal power As we'll as A possible at
tempt 10 protect the average rank
and file worker
Vice President Walter r. Reu-
ther, leader Of powerful anti
Communist faction within the
union, has openly declared that
although he unquaHfiedly favors
retaining the no strike pledge. he
wants It retained only in war
plants after Germany is beaten.
The communist element. which
throws much of lis support 10 a
faction headed bv George r..
Adde's, JAW secretary. favors re-
tentlon of the pledge even after
the war Is over.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Admits Killing Daughter

GRAND RAPIDS. Jan. 23-
DiSobedience by his 5-year-old
daughter and her refusal 10 put
on clean dress prompted Carl
V. Gilbert. a. 10 beat her fa-
tally with the dull edge of an AK.
The father today Is held for her
murder
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
STUNNED REDS

Reuther recently refused TO
permit MS -rane 10 be used as
member Of the JAWS own com
mittee 10 retain the no-strike
pledge because, Reuther claimed.
Communists We're on the commit
tee Adde's, however, accepted he
utle OF secretary treasurer of the
committee.
Reuther refused 10 elaborate on
his refusal 10 serve on the com
mittee out of fear of iniurlng the
no-strike pledge in the nation
WIDE referendum now being con-
Quoted by the union.
AFTER the ballotS are
counted" Reuther said TODAY.
Il will make myself crystal
clear"
Told that Thomas was appar-
emily changing his attitude on the
no-Strike pledge. Adde's said
so, he's going over to Reu-
ther, eh" Well. j am still In
favor Of retaining the pledge
until the last Jap Is killed"
An anticipated battle royal over
proposal 10 cut the international
union staff further 10 effect
needed economies was side
tracked by Adde's al the opening
meeting Of the board.
A recommendation bv Adde's
that each Of the UAWS 100000
members be assessed 81 for oper-
ating expenses was adopted unan-
lmouSly.
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Perfect Service Gift
Is Times Subscription

remembrance YOUR SeryiCeman that VIII be constant
reminder of hoIGhunes well Of The most welcome
gifts. subscription The Detroit Times Those the
service 10 know what's going home It's suggested
order The Detroit Times for your serVceman today
Rates below apply 10 members Of the L. S armed forces
stationed and abroad need he shown
ONLY the OF army personnel and NOT
NEEDED for soldiers the United States members Of
the guard merchant anywhere
Months DAILY and Sunday $50
Months Daily 275
Months SUNDAY only 195
Give complete and address person YOU
The Times mailed well Your and address
Address Mail Subscription Dept The Detroit Times Detroit
81, Mich
Detroit evening times., 1945-01-24
Dies Of Blast Burns

Burned by The explosion Of a
kerosene stove. Jan Il Mrs.
Mary OConnOr ~ OF % Linden.
River Rouge. died last night IN
ElolSe Hospital
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-11-10
WHAT WILL BE THE END OF
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA.

Chang Kai-Shek's moves to
unity China by suppressing the
Communists in the North have
reached the stage Of fullscaie
civil war. with fighting going on
in eleven OF the unfortunate coun-
try's tventy-eight provinces War
is officially undeclared because
negotiations are still going on
between nationalists and COM
munists.
The communists insist upon
guarantees OF local self-govern-
ment In the areas they control
before they will lay down their
arms. The nationslists insist up
on full military sovereignty over
the whole country before they
will settle any political prob
lens
At present the communists con-
troll much OF North China. and
are bidding 10 replace the Rus
SLAMS in control OF Manchuria
when the Russians move out
Meanwhile American marines
are escorting nationalist troops
further and further north into
territory being vacated by the
Japanese. in the face OF com
munist protests that they ar. pro-
voking trouble.
Nationalists retort that Rus
SLAMS are arminE the communists
with supplies taken from Jana
nese Besides these accusations Of
outside interference, communists
continue 10 charge that national
lists are using re-armed Japanese
troops against them. and national
lists charge blasting % railroads
and dikes and dams by the com
munists.
II the Y s. suddenly becomes
actively embroiled In the fracas
masses Of Americans will h. sur
prised. but they cannot claim
lack Of warning.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-11-10
Don / Fail to Vote November 9th
FOR COUNCILMAN


Frankensteen was held up as a candidate
backed BY Communist influence The Red
bait frightened away voters into Jeffries
camp. even including some labor adherents
The candidacy Of Rev Charles Hill for coun-
Gil was pointed to as an indication that Ne
groes wanted to run the City Hall and it
aroused 10 little racial prejudice. Much Anti
Negro propaganda was circulated and thou
sands Of white citizens We're led to believe
that if Mayor Jeffries failed to be reelected,
Negroes would begin renting and buying
homes andmoving INTO their restricted neigh
borhoods
The strategy worked according to plan.
Frankensteen and Hill were defeated, but
neither they nor their thousands of support
ers are disheawened There will be other
elections.
Although our councilmanic candidate lost,
colored DetroiterS are not discouraged. We
are still hopeful Of eventually electing Ne
gro councilman For the past dozen years or
more. some colored candidate has run for the
Detroit council, and each time the votes re-
ceved have increased.
Colored Deuoiters are becoming more
and more civic-mnded and conscious of the
obligation TO register and vote, largely be-
cause Of the constant crusading by the Negro
press in this direction.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-11-10
About The Common Man

This viii be printed after the mayoralty and
councilmanc election results are announced But
these reflections distillation OF my reactions
to the conduct OF the conpaign.
As little as il was discussed openly the real
issue OF Tho campaign was racial The whisper
the allegation that Frankensteen would favor BIZ
racial housing, and the rumour that Frankensteen
is Jewish
What made Jeffries so unpalaable 70 progress
sives o. whatever race his attitude racial
problems. Jcnries was the candidate Of reaction
because Of his infamous rule that "the racial
characteristics Of neishborhoods must not be
changed He is a reactionary because Of his
barge thar the rio, was due to the miltancy OF
the NAACP.
The major campaign literature for Jenries in
the 22nd Ward, which is his manstay based
on anu-Negro agitation contained in issue after
issue II the AieGrin rags.
on his part Frankensteen found 1t desirable to
publish slick-paper Biographical pamphlet, in
which he made it clear that his grandfathers
names were Higgins Smith, and other such non
jewish monickers
In short. try A. hard n might 10 push the
race issue 10 the background, II kept popping up
again and again the major issue.
As matter OF fact quite aside from the way the
campaign was conducted Detroits major problem
from here on ont is a racial
TIL BIG ISSUE
Detroit as city IT'S mayor and council. will
accomplish almost nothing in the solution OF the
problem OF full employment and prosperity The
best city administration in the world cannot pro-
tect us from the effects OF national and world
wide economic upscts
The problem that is completely within our city
limits for Ms and our city officials 10 solve is the
race problem.
Any realistic dscsssiqn OF city affairs must
start with that as a fact.
Any EFFORT 20 erase the problem will have
10 start from the fact that the campaign was
carried on at the race-baitins. hate-spreading
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1945-11-10
Armistice Day, 1915

Sunday Nov II. the people of the United States will
celebrate the wentyeghth anniversary Of the signing OF
the Armistice which ended World War J. We have Just
emerged from World War II. The shooting has ceased
but state Of still exists this Armistice Day ami
versary.
Many thousands of American fighting men are per-
forming occupational duty in Germany and Japan and
other thousands duty in China Korea the Philip
pines and other territories freed from Axis domination
The is not for them. has peace the
natives of Fench lndo China Java Palestine and China
where blood is still being shed
Here in the United States on the Of this Armis-
tce Day anniversary still waiting and hoping for
the fought to win We looked for peace and Sc
curity but instead have discord and insecurity We
find the ia kux Khan reorganzing again and spreading
racial and class hate We find veterans coming home
and failing TO get the Jobs the nation promised them We
find confusion and uncertainty almost every hand
while public officials argue and debate and hesitate
take bold constructive action to solve the nations vital
problems.