davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Anqlo-French Levunt Pact

The a a5reement arrived at by Brit
ain and France on Levantine affairs
is of far-reaching Importance. The
significance of this diplomatic pact
transcends the particular region
with which it is primarily concerned.
1t is not too much to say that this
accord facilitates Anglo-French un-
derstanding on all questions out
standing between them and may
we'll be the prologue to close CO.
ordination between the foreign poll
cies of the two nations.
Although the full text of the
agreement has not yet been released,
enough has been announced by the
British and French foreign Offices
to make clear its bearing upon the
Levant. Under it. France acknowl-
edges the complete independence of
both Syria and Lebanon, and French
and British troops will alike be evac-
uated from those countries in the
near future. Thus ends the attempt
of France to maintain her mandatory
status acquired from the League of
Nations after World War I. This
position had been increasingly chal-
lenged by the rising tide of native
nationalisms and had become virtu-
ally untenable with Frances weak
ened position after her collapse dur
ing World War II. The attempt Of
De Gaulle to regain French author
ity in the Levant exacerbated the
situation throughout the Middle
East and complicated relations with
Britain, whose Levantine interests
were adversely affected by such COM
plications.
Until recently, the De Gaulle gov
ernment tried to broaden the Levan-
tine issue into an international prob
lem. What changed it's attitude was
probably the emergence of the Ger
man settlement as a matter wherein
it was still more vitally interested.
In any case, France has virtually
eliminated itself from the Levant,
with what compensation from Brit
ain remains to be seen. But 1t Is
safe to believe that France will eX-
tract some benefit elsewhere from
a remuneration which so markedly
favors Britain's Middle Eastern
status.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
SuIIy's Elizabeth

Washington now has a picture
comparable in public appeal with
the famous "Pinkie" at Pasadena
on the other side of the continent.
Thomas Sully's engaging portrait Of
Elizabeth Ridgely possesses many of
the qualities which have made Sir
Thomas Lawrence's representation
of Mary Moulton Barrett one Of the
most notably popular works of art
in the world today. The former
composition, soon to be placed on
exhibition in the National Gallery,
may require time to exercise its
magic but eventually it will find its
place in the heart of people who
increasingly as the years depart love
natural beauty.
Paintings of children as a class
have special powers of attraction.
It is logical that it should be so.
"Pinkie" symbolizes the youth of the
whole human race, and the same
observation equally applies to the
young daughter of the celebrated
house of Ridgely. Sully's subject
was fifteen when he committed her
charm and grace to canvas in May,
1918. He was almost exactly twice
as old at the moment-perhaps the
very age for such congenial task,
neither callow beginner nor a
faded "haS BEEN" In any case, the
result of his endeavor is a memorable
achievement. No average individual,
meeting Miss Ridgely even briefly,
would be likely to forget her. She
may not be pretty in the ordinary
sense of the word. What makes her
an Immortal figure is something
deeper, something more profound.
The portrait of Elizabeth hung for
more than a century on a wall Of
the Ridgely mansion at Hampton,
near Towson, Maryland. It fitted
into the pattern of a Georgian
Colonial residence of very great dis
tinction. Possibly the harp which
it features-and Which curiously
adds to Miss Ridgely's height, as she
stands beside it-still is to be seen
there. The landscape which Sully
introduced into the background OF
his efforts perhaps was an authentic
sketch OF the adjacent fields.
It Is by kindness of Mrs. Georg
Evening star., 1945-12-17
This Changing World
BY Constantine Rrown

The Russian government is reported
to have received 10 of the Germans
latest ocean-going submarines. Twenty
others have been equally divided be-
tween the United States and Great Brit
ain. These latter countries will use the
subs for experimental purposes while
the Russians, who are planning to build
a flrst-class navy, are expected to use
theirs as the nucleus of their own sub
marine force.
The question of the U-boat fleet was
the subject of heated discussions be-
tween the naval experts and eventually
the policy trainers at Potsdam.
The British admirals, backed orig
inally by Prime Minister Churchill who
represented Britain in the early stages
of the Big Three's Potsdam Conference,
insisted that all enemy submarines, re-
gardless OF how modern they were,
should be junked. The British supported
their plea on the grounds of security
for the merchantmen at sea, and pointed
out the ravages the Nazi submarines
had caused to Allied shipping during
the war.
At one time, they pointed out, it
looked as If Hitler would win the war
because his U-boats were sinking Allied
shipping at fatal rate. America, they
added, was forced to slow down her
naval activities in the Pacific early in
the war because Of the large number of
destroyers. light cruisers and airplane
carriers she had to detach as escort
ships for the large conveys going to
British ports, Murmansk, Archangel and
the Persian Gulf. The British Navy,
they added, was unable to detach sub
stantial number of men of war to the
Pacific to meet the expected japanese
onslaught In December, 1941, because it
had to do convoy duty for the heavily
laden merchantmen carrying war mate
rial and food across the Atlantic.
*H+
The British admirals, supported by
their political leaders, advocated a grad
ual destruction of all U-boats And
since the policy of the United Nations is
to create q situation whereby wars
would be eliminated in the future
through the existence of the UNO, there
was no reason why the entire German
force should not be completely wiped
out.
Battleships, carriers, cruisers and de-
stroyers are necessary for the mainte-
nance of peace as police force. Sub
marines cannot fulfill such a role and
consequently are entirely useless The
American naval representatives were
willing to indorse the British point of
view. But the Russian naval men, backed
by Premier Stain, were adamant. They
insisted at first on their right to get
the entire German submarine force,
which was in sufficiently good shape
to be used at sea-about 100 vessels
ranging from the 200-ton coastal subs
to the 1.600-ton ocean-going ships with
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Youth Gives q Leud
From the Toronto Star,

From the Toronto Star.
The decisions that were made at the
recent World Youth Conference in Lon
don reflect the seriousness and idealism
with which young people in most coun-
tries are today approaching the prob
lens Of life. The conference was at
tended by 486 delegates representing 63
nations. including Canada. The tone of
the conference, it is reported. was set bv
youths who spent several years on the
battle fronts and the chief inspiration at
this meeting was supplied by youths
with old faces" members of the anti
Nazi underground movement. They
urged the formation OF World Fedora
ton OF Democratic Youth, pledged to
promote peace, liberty, democracy and
equality everywhere in the world" The
delegates adopted a constitution in
which they pledged to fight race. reli-
gious or sex discrimination, to strive for
international cooperation in economic.
political, educational and social activi-
ties; to make the maximum contribu-
ton to the elimination Of fascism in all
Its forms, and to help raise the standard
OF living Of the young generation"
Evening star., 1945-12-17

a cruising radius of more than 5000
miles.
The American and British naval ad-
visers opposed this request formally.
Finally, after good deal of discussion.
the matter was referred to the top levels
and it was decided that 80 submarines
should become war booty, with the RUS
slams having the right to select the
latest and the largest types.
Although several months have passed
since this agreement was concluded and
the U-boats which formerly carried the
sWastika are now flying the Red flag
with the hammer and the sickle, no
Official announcement was made by the
interested powers. The Russians de-
manded that the matter remain secret
for reasons of security The declara-
ton of war against Japan was in the
of1ng and the Soviet general staff, which
thought that the war in the Pacific
might last for several months, believed
1t might have chance to use the u
boats in the Pacific
4 y
The whereabouts of these Russian
submarines Is not known at this time,
but it is believed that at least half of
the force has already been transferred
to the Black Sea and is stationed at
the Sevastopol naval base.
Since the beginning of the war the
Russian strategists have become naval
minded. They now realize how i'm
portant naval power is for any large
nation. At the present the Russian Navy
is still in its infancy. With the ex-
ception OF few destroyers most of It's
units are old fashioned and slow.
The industrialization of the USSR
has been remarkable, but the Soviet
navy yards have been tagging far be-
hind all the other sea nations.
Premier Stain, Foreign Commissar
Molotov and many other high Soviet
officials have promised their people to
provide the USSR with a strong and
powerful navy. This explains the insist
ence that at least half the Italian Navy
should be surrendered to the USSR.
This plan was opposed by Great Britain,
supported by the United States, as con-
trary to the surrender terms granted
Italy. The American and British Gov
ernments undertook to give the equival-
ent tonnage from the American and
British Navies. The Russians are far
from satisfied with this solution because
the units which Washington and London
intend to offer are old compared with
the ships the italians possess.
Negotiations are said to be in progress
now between Moscow and Washington
for the construction of Russian men of
war either in the United States or by
providing the necessary construction
facilities and experienced naval engi-
neers to build warships in Russian yards.
How far these negotiations have pro-
gressed is still a confidential matter,
known only to handful of top-rank-
ing Washington officials.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Soboteurs in Two Wars

In reporting to the International
Association of Chiefs of Police that
not one foreign directed act of sabo-
tage was completed successfully in
this country during World War II,
Director ]. Edgar Hoover of the Fed
eral Bureau of Investigation has
stated fact that contrasts sharply
with the sabotage record of the first
World War. Prior to Americas entry
in the other war and for some time
subsequent thereto. German agents
had veritable field day. With no
American counterespionage service
worthy of the name in operation
prior to 1917, German and Austrian
spies and saboteurs ranged far and
wide almost unmoleSted, leaving a
wake of fires. explosions and
damaged war machines that seri-
ously impaired this country's prep
arations for war. Best remembered
of these acts of sabotage were the
Black Tom and Kingsland disasters,
which destroyed millions of dollars
worth of munitions and other sup
plies and cost the lives of number
Of workers. Investigation of the
Black Tom and Kingsland cases re-
vealed that these and many similar
fires and explosions were the work
of trained saboteurs and spies, oper-
ating under system directed by the
German and Austrian embassies
prior to the outbreak OF hostilities
and thereafter by German diplomats
in Mexico.
All of this occurred in the days
when there was no FBI and when
counterespionage in any form. even
by military and naval intelligence
agencies, was frowned upon in
official quarters. It is significant
that the total appropriation for CO,
the Army's intelligence service. in
1916, was $1,000. After April, 1917,
CO was permitted to expand
rapidly. but it's counterespionage
agents were for the most part lack
ing in experience and training,
whereas Germany's spies were vet
Grams at the game.
Fortunately, the United States
benefited from the lessons of the
dark days of 1861. Long before
war came again to America, a we'll
organized efficient spy catching
campaign had been launched. with
the -FBI as the nuciens and CO.
ordinator of counterespionage &C
tivities. AS early as 1883 and 1899,
the FBI began unearthing and
breaking up German and japanese
spy rings. The bureaus staff grew
from a prewar strength of 1000 spe-
cial agents to more than $4,000 as
the war reached its height. Every
suspicious person was placed under
surveillance, every suspicious act,
message or document investigated.
Hundreds of known and suspected
agents were arrested and many
were tried and convicted. Yet all
of this was done without witch
hunts without transgressing the
rights of loyal citizens. It is a
record of which the FBI and its
many cooperating groups, from
Army and Navy intelligence to local
sheriffs, may we'll be proud.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Letters to The Star
Speaker for Arab World Denies
Charge of British Influence

To the Editor OF The Star:
The statement of William B. Ziff and
his colleagues advertised in your issue
of December 7 does not reflect very
high sense Of responsibility. The Pales-
tine controversy admittedly is one of the
most vexed problems of the world and
one which has far reaching interna-
tional implications. 1t is precisely for
this reason that the American Govern
ment has agreed to take part with Great
Britain in a fact-flnding committee. A
statement of this nature does not in any
way help the American people to FORM
ulate correct opinion nor to conceive
of the important issues underlying this
problem.
The contentious embodied therein are
of course, too ridiculous to call for refu-
tation. However, it does present an op-
portunity to emphasize Arab determine
ton to maintain their present position in
Palestine.
For the last so years the Arabs have
engaged in long and bitter struggle
involving at times very heavy sacrifices
in blood, all to liberate their countries
from any foreign domination. To suggest
that the Arabs are being used as an
instrument of British imperialism, or
that they would welcome Zionist DOM
ination is not only untrue, but insulting
The Arabs are resolved to save Palestine
not only from British imperialism, but
from falling into the political grip of
the ionist. In doing SO they believe
that they would ultimately save the
whole Arab world from economic en-
slavement by Jewish capital monopoly.
K. KHAIRY,
The Arab Ofice
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Limiting Work by Women

To the Editor of The Star:
Today American home life is going
through crucial and unprecedented
changes-fewer homes, fewer children
in the homes, increased delinquencies,
more contentious and more and more
divorces
These things are happening right be-
fore our eyes, and few of us, If any, are
doing anything to correct the downward
tendency.
I realize that woman plays a very
important part when she is in home,
bat under present conditions she isn't
there any more. Why? Because she is
out doing work, in most cases, that men
ought to do. And it's not altogether her
fault
Now, have this suggestion as solu-
ton to offer to the Congress of the
United States, primarily for the sake
of the American home, as well as for
heath and happiness for all concerned: !:
That is, that law be passed permitting
women Of all ages, II they choose, to
work outside their homes, not in excess
Of nine months in any one year!
FRED Z. THOMPSON. :
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Another Hitler Error
From the .Muncie Press.

From the >Muncie Press.
1t has been noted already that Hitler
might have had the atom bomb himself
If his persecution OF the Jews hadn't
driven the eminent physicist Lise Nett
ner from Germany and permitted her
to make her pioneering work available
to the Allies.
Now it develops that the eight Nazi
saboteurs who landed here in 1912 might
have got in lot Of damaging dirty
work If one of them, angered by the
Gestapo's brutal treatment Of his wife,
hadn't turned informer.
Crime. as the man on the radio keeps
telling us. doesn't pay. And, fortunately
for the world. Hitler apparently didn't
listen 10 American hroadcasts.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Its Good Side

Not every phase of the atomic
bomb project has been devoted to
the art of destruction. Certain great
industrial potentialities of the awe
some new energy have been explored,
and besides this, as has been re-
vealed now at the University Of
Rochester, it's medical promise has
been developed to a point where
scientists feel moved to speak with
restrained but definite optimism.
The Rochester program was un-
dertaken primarily to check the fire.
quent physical tests of persons work.
ing on the atomic bomb, to create
safeguards against uranium dusts,
and to investigate the effects of ex-
posure to radiation. AS result, of
the thousands of individuals en-
ployed in producing the bomb, not
one suffered any physical impair
ment from the unique occupational
hazards involved. Some 200 monkeys,
675 dogs, 10000 rats. 277 400 mice,
1900 rabbits, 100 hamsters and 50,-
100000 fruit flies played an impor-
tant role in all this, helping-as the
dumb objects of tireless experiment
to open up or broaden avenues
of knowledge bearing directly not
merely on the health of the workers
of Oak Ridge and Hanford but on
long-range medical problems affe~G-
ing everybody.
Much of what has been accom-
plished at Rochester continues to be
wrapped in secrecy, but the official
report on the project leaves no room
for doubt that significant gains have
been made and that other gains are
likely to flow from them as the re-
search and experiment go on. Be-
cause of military restrictions, the
scientists engaged in this work must
speak in generalities, but they have
been allowed to say, for example,
that the study of heredity has been
advanced and that even the aging
process may become less mysterious
than it used to be. They have been
allowed to say, too, that it is now
possible to determine how much
radiation the human body can
stand; that their findings will have
an important effect on the treat
ment OF shock, and that q new and
encouraging approach is open to the
problem OF finding the cause Of can
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Finds Senator 'Bewilderins'

Finds Senator 'Bewilderins'
To the Editor of The Star:
1t is most difficult for the average cit
izen to reconcile the method of reason-
ing of Senator Byrd in his attitude to-
ward the Federal pay bill
The Downey bill provides for a
straight 20 per cent increase. which is
opposed by Senator Byrd, whose pro-
posed amendment, according to news
reports, will provide for approximately
II per cent increase for employees in
the lower brackets and about per cent
in the top brackets According to the
news reports, Senator Byrd declared: !:
tits the low-paid Government worker
who needs the raise the most" and "the
Downey bill isn't fair to the little fel-
low" So the. Senator proposes an
amendment reducing the raise 8 per
cent to employees in the lower brackets.
1t is most bewildering
T. B. HARRISON.
Evening star., 1945-12-17

Vetlesen of New York that the Ma
tional Gallery has acquired this
latest treasure. Once again, the
hope Of Andrew w. Mellon that other
citizens would wish to contribute to
the enrichment of the institution he
founded has been justified beyond
his dreams.
Evening star., 1945-12-17

A prominent temperance organi-
cation goes on record as opposing
universal military training, declar-
ing that it will be complete re-
versal of the American way of life"
An atomic bomb could be one, too.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Another Comment on A.Bomb


To the Editor Of The Star:
When the first atom bomb fell, it was
thought that it would mark the end of
war.
But another miracle came to pass.
The human race evoluted at once as
far above the creation of the exploding
bomb as star above a pollywog
We feel We are supermen who can
play at war with the weapons of the
gods-and live! Gn a future war we
are told, the weapons will be far more
deadly than in this one)
We consider launching site in the
Middle West for atom bombs. If an
enemy bomb blots out New York City
for instance, we, at once, in retaliation,
will hoist bombs from underground
storage and launch them against a few
enemy cities. 1t is as simple as that!
We have the intelligence and glorious
fighting spirit of the Kilkenny cats, who
quarreled and fit and scratched and bit
til where there once were two cats
there weren't any. NJ w.
Evening star., 1945-12-17
Urses Annual Mourning

To the Editor Of The Star:
After all the noise and smoke of the
Pearl Harbor investigation has died
away, We will have benefited little If we
forget the men who died there. In
order that they shall not have died in
vain, I believe that December each
year should be set apart by presidential
proclamation as day Of national
mourning.
In this way we will be reminded that
even peace-loving nations must be ever
vigilant against the treachery of less
civilized people. WILLIAM F. GREEN.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-12-22
National Maritime Union
Demands FEPC Continue

NEW YoRK-A strongly worded
telegram to President Truman calling
for the continuance Of the Fair En-
,ployment Practice Committee was sent
this week by the National Council Of
the National Maritime Union now in
session here.
Declaring that with the abandonment
ci FEPC discriminatory employer
practices will spring back to life" the
Council informed the President that
the program he pledged to carry out
in the tradition of the policies laid
down by the late President Roosevelt
require that you demand of Congress
the appropriation of funds for the con-
tinuance of FEPC. We further call
upon you to ask for the immediate
calling forth from Committee of the
permanent FEPC Bill for favorable
action by executive request"
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-12-22
Atomic EnerUqy
Discussed AT
Brotherhood

DR.. Lucius Banks, noted color
ed scientist, now engaged in re-
search work at the Massachu-
sets Institute of Technology, ad-
dressed the regular meeting of
st. Marks Brotherhood last Sun
day. The large number of mem
bers present exhibited great in
terest in the masterful way in
which the speaker unravsled the
intricacios Of the subject.
In order for the men to OBJ
tain the most out of his discus
sion, Dr., Banks Whitfield the sub
ject down to two Scientific as
poets, namely, political and cir
custantial. The former, he char
acterizad as the controlling ele-
ment; the latter, its existance,
by evidence, inference and ex-
perience. He pointed out that
the bomb which in the true sense
of the word is no secret-in that
other nations will sooner or later
make certain discoveries which
will enable them to produce the
weapon--cannot be used success
fully for threats. He advocated a
system of international control
as the best means of curling its
Obstructive power. He pointed
out that any of her course of
action would undoubtedly create
mistrust. Many serious and hui
morcuS points were brought in
the question period. DR.. T, E. A.
McCurdv president of the club,
presided and had as his guests,
Dr. Roger Emanuel Saint Victor
and DR.. Aurele Joseph, both Of
Haiti, who are now engaged in
- --"~"'' work in this country.
The Brotherhood. which meets
every Sunday afternoon in Sly
Marks Social Center, is a forum
where subjects, pertinent to pre-
sent day conditions, are dis
cusssd by invited speakers and
chosen from its member
ship. It is INSTRUMENTATION
in scope, and seeks the support
of men who are interested in the
affairs of their respective COM
and, in a larger sense,
the state and nation.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1945-12-22
Liberia Y. Consul
Wins High Rating

MONROVIA, LIBERIA Rupert
Alstyne Lloyd, vice consul at the
American Legation, recently
took the examination as
career officer in the Foreign
Service of the United States,
and received the third highest
rating of 400 aspirants.
Mr.. Lloyd has a B.A. from
William College, 1880; M. A.
from Harvard, 1881; studied at
the Unlversite de Bordeaux,
1882; Uniyersite de Paris,
1889. He was instructor in
French, Miner Teachers College,
1932-34, Morehouse College, 1885
80, and Morgan State College,
1884. Appointed clerk in the
American Legation at Monrova
in 1871 ne was made vice-con-
sui in 1912.