Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-04-22
Will for Peace and Tools
To Decide Parley's Success
Outcome of San Francisco Gathering Hinges on
Sincerity of Great Powers in Seeking
Safeguards Against War
By Sigrid Arne

n By Sigr
Men and women from 46 United
Nations gather at San Francisco We'd
nesday to draw up plan aimed at
preventing future wars.
In spite Of anything they may do,
there is no way to guarantee that war
will not break out If one or more of the
great military powers decides to go
to war.
Pravda, the Moscow Communist party
publication says:
1T is clear that if the strongest
nations of the world find a common
platform for the protection of peace,
there will be peace on earth. If this
common platform is not found, no
clause in the constitution of any organ
ization will help"
Two Paramount Factors.
Thus two things will be of paramount
Importance at San Francisco
l. The good will with which the 46
nations-and particularly the great
powers-approach the problem of work.
ing together
2. The kind of machinery set up to
solve disputes as they arise, or if that
fails-to put down aggression by force.
The delegates to San Francisco are
charged with working out charter for
a world league to prevent war. AS
starting point they will have the Dunn
barton Oaks plan, drafted by repre-
sentatives of the United States, Great
Britain, Russia and China last August.
Sponsors of the Oaks plan believe the
organization they propose would be
more effective than the old League of
Nations.
But before new organization could
even be set up, the charter drafted at
San Francisco must be approved by
home governments of the delegates.
How many governments must approve
will be decided at the San Francisco
Conference itself.
For the United States to join, two
thirds of the Senate must vote in favor.
Difficult Issues Arise.
Several things have happened to make
IL.
First it was disclosed that at the Yalta
Conference Russia had won agreement
to a formula which would virtually
make it impossible for the United Ma
lions organization to use force against
any of the big Five" powers
Then it was disclosed that at Yalta
the American representatives had agreed
to support Russian request for three
members in the proposed organizations
assembly, which originally was to have
one member from each country The
Americans reserved the right to request
three for this country as well, but it
was later announced that the United
States would not do so.
All this time dispute was brewing
over the Polish representation. At Yalta
1t was agreed that Polish govern
ment Of national unity" should be
formed, bringing together all anti
Fascist Polish elements. The dispute
was over who should be regarded as
anti-Fascist.
Diplomats and officials all over the
INDEPENDENTLY those of smaller
nations-have been watching these
things as they arise as measurements
of the good will of the big powers.
Five Sections Proposed.
To understand the San Francisco
debates, it's necessary to understand
the proposed organizations machinery
as blueprinted at Dumbarton Oaks and
at Yalta, where President Roosevelt,
Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal
Stain got together in February.
1t would have five sections, like COM
mittees of a club:
l. The security council of II nations
would spot the possible warmakers and
take action to stop him. Five seats on
the council would be held permanently
by the big Five"-the United States
Great Britain, Russia, China and France
the nations with enough military
power to make their word good.
The councils six other seats would
rotate among all the other member
nations, for two two-year terms. Seven
would be necessary for a majority vote
2. The assembly would include all the
nations. 1t would be, actually, an inter-
national open forum. It could make
recommendations - for independence
for India, or just for crop Investigation
in Latin America-but it could not order
action. It could suspend, expel or add