davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

at what altitude the bomb exploded.
He described the heat generated
as "intense-so great it was able
to start fires"
Returning TO the subject Of radio
activity. Farrell said Warren believ-
ed that a much higher detonation
would prevent the deposit of much
radioactivity on the ground and at
the same time would increase the
blast effect OF the weapon.
He said the bomb was designed
primarily as a blast weapon, with
secondary effects from heat and
light. At the elevation used it was
expected there would be radioac.
tive effect in limited area under
the point OF detonation, Just al the
moment OF explosion. But II furth-
er was expected that anyone so ar
fected would have received serious
injury from primary effects of the
bomb. Warren said many patients
who showed results Of radioactivity
damage also had burns or other in
juries.
The mission declared fatty mo
poison gases were released"
Farrell said their examination
showed no crater and no sign OF
heating on the ground beyond that
due TO burning buildings. There
was no fusing of the ground or any
melting of materials such as oc-
CURED at New Mexico, where a
test bomb was set off at a much
lower altitude.
Farrell termed the falsh burning
by radiant heat quite spectacular"
Black lettering on a cardboard sign
about one and quarter miles away
was charred but the white back
ground was untouched. Black at
tracts heat more than white. In
a building a nile away from the ex-
plosion. plush chairs in front OF a
window were scorched on portions
exposed to radiant heat coming
through the window.
These figures were given by Hiro-
shima officials of the destruction:
$4,000 buildings totally burned; p
See JAPAN-Page
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

in the area and were caught there
by the blast.
"No measurable radioactivity was
found under the point of defamation
or elsewhere on the ground. streets.
in ash cans or on other materials"
on Sept. s and 9 by an American
mission investigating effects OF the
bomb, said Farrell. who heads the
group. The bomb was dropped
Aug S.
Col. Stafford Warren. Rochester.
n. Y, a member of the mission said
many persons still may die from
initial effects of the explosion. but
il will be difficult to determine
whether from radioactiyity or 9th
er injuries caused by the bomb.
Reporting on destruetiveness Of
the atomic bomb, which was set to
explode above ground, Farrell said
that for a radius Of one and a quar-
ter miles from the point of detona-
'tion the area, including Japanese
military. headquarters. was. COM
plcteIy demolished. To radius of
two miles. everything was blasted,
with some structures set Attire.
Between two and three miles, dam
age generally was slight. There
was roof damage up TO five miles
and glass was broken up TO II miles.
masonry and steel remain standing
in the central portion of the city,
but all windows are out and the in
teriOrs are Quilted.
Farrell said he was unable TO
comment on Japanese reports Of
10000 to 100. 900 killed and 10000
to 100000 wounded. He said 1t was
probable the conservative figures
were more nearly accurate.
or reports that Japanese who ar
rived in the area about 10 hours
after the explosion felt i'll effects,
Farrell said a Japanese official on
Sept Q reported that not one had
died and none was affected serious
ly.
This confirms the opinion Of
our experts that there would not be
residual radioactivity on the ground
in dangerous amounts" Farrell
said
Farrell declined TO comment on
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Russia Fixes
War Expense

London, Sept. I3-AP-The Mos
COW radio said today that damage
to the national economy OF the
Soviet Union as a result o. four
years Of war with Germany amount.
ed to 697. 000, 100000 rubles. based
on 1871 prices.
The Soviet monitor In London
said the 1871 level OF the ruble was
% to a British pound, which
would make the damage estimate
si0,740,000 900
(The present diplomatic ex-
change rate is 8 1/3 cents).
The Moscow broadcast quoted a
report prepared by an extraordin-
airy state commission set up to in
yestigate atrocities OF German
Fascist invaders. damage caused to
citizens, collective farms, social or
CARNATIONS, state enterprises and
institutions"
The figures did not include loss
OF national income through reduced
or abolished operation OF state en-.
terprises, nor the cost OF food and
supplies "confiscated by German
occupation troops" the radio said.
Neither did IT include Russian mil
itary expenditures nor losses
caused by retarding the tempo o:
general economic development Of
the country
The Germans completely or par
TALLY destroyed or burned 1,710
towns and more than 10000 viii
lagos, burned or destroyed more
than 5000 900 buildings and rem
dered about 100000 people home
less the report said.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

a french oTfIcIdT SAID fTatIy
France had no desire to annex any
part Of the Rhlneland, but wanted
Il and the Ruhr severed promptly
from Germany in time 10 prevent
effectively any resursenee Of Ger
man nationalism there.
The French are proposing con.
troll OF Ruhr neutrality-suspicious.
ly coal probationary the major
powers and a commission OF repre-
sentatives OF France, Belgium,
Holland, Luxembourg, and possibly
Britain to administer the Rhine
land
The longer the areas remain an
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Two Hungry Boys
From Infirmarv
Returned to Jail

After being picked up on sus-
picion by Deputy Marshall Donald
Murray in Dexter. Wednesday af-
ternoon, two youths were identi-
fled by the county sberiff's office
as the same two who had escaped
the previous night from the Wash
tenaw County Detention Ward.
They are being held at the county
Jail pending the Probate Judges
decision on their future confine.
ment
The boys. negro. age Is, and
a white boy. age 10, apparently had
been roaming the countryside all
night, and were hungry. They
were trying to beg something TO
eat at the time of their arrest.
Both youths we're being held at
the Detention Ward on charges o.
larceny. The fifteen year old was
there until an investigation OF his
case could be made.
In the escape they beat the ma
tron in charge Of their ward. Miss
Julia Demaree. She was treated a.
the infirmary at the county home
and was able to return to work.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

the public ought to be given the
whole story. A 1O-man congress
sional committee will start an A.
to-z investigation OF Pearl Harbor
shortly.
Meantime the law-making ma.
chinery is gathering speed. Here Is
the situation on four proposals that
moved ahead yesterday
LEFTOVER WAR GOODS. The
Senate followed the House and
passed bill to snuff out the three.
man surplus property board and
substitute one boss (probably w
Stuart Symington). President Tru.
man is sure to sign it, because he
asked for II.
I STANDARD TIME. The House
passed a bill to turn Americas
clocks back one hour on Septem-
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
More Centers Help to
Speed DemobiLization

Washington. Sept 13-AP-The
Army told senators it expects to
be discharging 100000 men a month
by December /.
The Navy asked Congress again
-please-not to reveal part OF the
Pearl Harbor story, the part about
the japanese code.
Congress listened to the Army
and Navy-with mixed feelings.
That was the situation on Capt.
toll Hill today. along with Congress
sional news about surplus property
standard time. government cor
porations.,.. Observation-Disclosures
pay....and the Japanese Black ORA
gon Society.
High Army officers did some
more explaining before the Senate
Military Committee on their plans
for faster discharges.
Before the hearing opened, Soma
tor Edwin c. Johnson D-Colol
said the Army had given him the
100000 month forecast, and he
said II sounded good to him.
Johnson said he also was told
there will be II Army separation
centers by Dec. |. There are %
now. Separation centers are whore
soldiers get their tickets TO civilian
life.
AS for the Pearl Harbor facts;
1t was learned that the Navy has
renewed its plea for continued Sc
crecy for portions OF the Naval In
quiry Boards report on the 1871
disaster.
But some members OF the Senate
Naval Committee, which has the
full naval report. say they believe
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Senate Sees
Hard Times

Washington, Sept. Zap A
Dill broadening the unemployment
compensation law, although drastic.
ally revised in the Senate Finance
Committee, still meets President
Humans minimum specifications
Ihls was learned today as the
committee met to pass on he Ian.
guage OF the bill as redrafted by
the legislative counsel.
A White House memorandum
read in secrecy to the committee
lls.ed the same duration OF bene-
tlts,-26 weeks-in all states. lob.
less benefits for federal workers.
provision Of travel cost at govern.
ment expense to dispatch stranded
war workers to their homes or new
jobs.
The committee tentatively has
approved all three.
In addition, the memorandum
listed as desirable" the contro.
versial feature knocked out OF the
bfll-federal grants to raise the
maximum weekly benefits in each
state to $25.
In his message to Congress only
week ago today Mr.. Truman re-
iterated his recommendation for
the rs dollar-26 week provision.
, Broadening unemployment insur.
ance was No. l on his must" list.
Along another section OF the dyke
Congress is attempting to rear
against hard times, a Senate Bank
ing Subcommittee scheduled anoth-
er meeting on the so-called full
employment bill.
Chairman Wagner (D-NY) pre-.
dicted an acceptable measure could
be worked out by p. m, but other
members were not so sure.
Senator Radcliffe (D-Md) said
there still is a basic difference In
the committee between those who
think that a government public
works program such as the bill
points to could solve almost any
unemployment problem, and those
who are skeptical OF its power to
do so unaided.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Senate Votes
Huge Airport
Building Plans

Washington. Sept. l3-AP-The
Senate has just passed a bill to
give the country 5000 more air
ports. The House has to approve
before work gets started.
There may be some changes be-
fore the 5000 airports start to get
built.
Here is a general picture:
There are about 5000 airports
now. The majority OF them can
handle only small private planes.
They're sort OF air parks.
The goyernment-through the
Civil Aeronautics Administration
suggested last November that 5000
more airports be added.
The vast majority OF the new
ones-about 1900 OF them-would
also be for small planes, the air
par, type.
CAA figured the job OF laying
out the airports, plus the land.
would cost $3.50, 100000.
Half OF this-S625. 000, would
be paid by the government. The
other 1926, 100000 would be paid
by states. cities or counties.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
British Ask
Aid on Basis
of WarCost

Washington. Sept. 13- AP 49,
British ENJOYS are reported to be
preparing a share-the-war-cost plan
as one means of obtaining several
billion dollars Of reconversion fin
ancing from the United States.
Two main contentious underly
the plan:
/. That figures show Britain's
relative cost OF defeating the Axis
powers was greater than the rela-
tive cost OF the United States.
?. That il is in the American
interest to help finance Britain's
reconversion without imposing un-
bearable obligations.
One practical application OF the
plan, as suggested by some British
sources. would he to make Lend
Lease retroactive to the start Of
the European war and return TO Bril-
tain approximately s3,5OO.000, 900
spent for war purposes in this coun-
try prior to the start OF the mutual
aid program.
Lord Keynes. a member OF the
British economic mission which
opened negotiations here Tuesday,
says the financial help Britain
needs to become great trading ma.
ton again is around 100000 900
to $4,000, 100000.
Keynes told a news conference
at the British Embassy yesterday
that IL such assistance were not
forthcoming the British would be
compelled to tighten their belts
hold on TO empire trade controls
and otherwise take defensive meas
ures which would restrict world
trade and cause friction with the
United States.
Lord Halifax. the British ambas.
sador and chairman of the mission.
said eve have no intention OF com
ing to the United States as sup
plants, asking them to accept any
arrangements TO help us which they
do not honestly feel to be in the
best interests OF the United States
and the rest OF the world"
He laid down this policy: We
have no intention of acceptig obli-
cations which we do not see our
way clear to discharge"
At the moment American officials
see no prospect Of making several
billion dollars available to Britain
on any basis thus far suggested.
Opening dance Stony Creek Grange
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Flashes of
Late News

NEW YORK-AP- Two Of the
nations four major radio networks,
the national and American Broad
casting Companies, were crippled
last night and early today by a
Walkout Of broadcast engineers,
which disrupted nationwide sery-
ice and caused cancellation OF some
programs. Trouble, the union said,
resulted from a breakdown in con
tract negotiations during the af-
ternoon.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

integral part OF Germany, the
French argue, the more difficult it
will be to fix their administration
in a manner guaranteeing against
future German control. This argu-
ment is based upon the premise
that control OF the Ruhr's industry
and the Rhine's traffic should be
International, because 1t affords
domination OF western Europa
opwer that no single state should
hold.
The foreign ministers discus
sions ended last night at $50 low.
ing to the number OF documents
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

which have to be translated and
studied a British foreign office
communique said. The recess will
last until tomorrow morning.
still the top consideration OF the
conference was the Italian peace
treaty, however. A tentative docu.
ment Incorporating French propos-
ais for altering ltaly's borders and
controlling her colonies was con.
sidered IN last nights meeting OF
U. 5. Secretary OF State James +.
Byrnes, British Foreign Secretary
Ernest Beyin, Russian Foreign
Commissar Yyacheslav NJ. MoIo.
toy, Chinese Foreign Minister
Wang Shih-Chieh and French For
eign Minister Georges Bidault.
The Balkan problem still sormed
complex backdrop for discussion
OF the treaty. 1t was reported that
the argument between the Rus
SLAMS and the British and Amer.
leans would center upon the CUES.
tlon whether peace treaties should
be written with the Balkan states
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Mac Arthur to
Check Black
Dragon Files

Washington, Sept. 13-AP-Ja-
pans notorious Black Dragon So
ciety came under congressional
scrutiny today.
Some members OF the House COM
mittee investigating un-American
activities have agreed to look into
suspected operations in America by
the secret organization.
As a preliminary move, II was
learned. the legislators plan TO ask
Gen. Douglas Macarthur to seize
the societys files in Japan. Names
found there then will be used TO
check reported actions in this ma
ton.
The congressional development
followed closely an order yesterday
by Macarthur calling for immedi-
ate abolition OF the organization in
Japan. He also ordered arrest for
seven OF its known leaders.
Little official information is avail
able about the Black Dragon So
ciety. except that it was formed
in 1901 and fostered by Japanese
militarists on the home islands and
abroad
Most committee members de-
clined TO discuss the proposed in
quiry. but Reps. Rankin (D-MissD
and ]. Parnell Thomas (R-N.J)
confirmed that II is planned.
las long as the cat is out OF
the bag it's no use denying that
we plan to try and get those files
and look them over" Thomas told
a reporter.
Rankin said he believes the So
ciety is hard at work in America,
particularly in southern states.
Chairman Wood (D-Ga.) said the
Black Dragon question was dis
cussed' at a committee meeting
yesterday but that no action was
taken.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
No After Effect In
Atom Bomb Area

San Francisco-INS - 1t. Col.
Gregory Boyington. the hottest"
Marine pilot of the Pacific, return
ed to the United States Wednes-
day from 90 months imprisonment
by the japanese.
Boyingtor's transport came down
through heavy fog to make a per-
iect landing at Oakland Airport.
On hand to greet him were 81
members of his original BLACK
Sheep" fighter squadron-the group
OF "misft" pilots who under Boy
ington's leadership, wrote a blaz-
ing chapter of aerial combat his
tory over Bougainville and Rabaul.
Boyington. nicknamed "Pappy"
because at the age Of 30 he is con.
sidered old for a combat pilot. was
liberated from a prisoner OF war
camp in Honshu after the Japanese
He had been listed as missing IN
action since early in 1913 when he
and his wingman last were seen
diving into a cloud bank over New
Britain. and days OF searching re.
vealed no trace OF them.
Promoted
Boyington. who has been pro.
NOTED from major to lieutenant col
onel since his liberation, shot down
more planes than any other Marine
pilot in the Pacific before his 20
months Of Imprisonment.
The Marine ace. relating how he
was sho. down after amassing 4
bag Of 2S Jap fighter planes. said:
IL can't give the date. but one
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Prices Held
at '42Level

Washington. Sept. 13-AP-De-
spite angry dealer protests. >OPA
is going ahead with its announced
plan for putting new consumer
goods on the market at 1912 re-
tail prices.
The agency has decided to turn
down an appeal by a delegation OF
retailers for abandonment OF its
sharply disputed cost absorption
policy.
Under that policy retailers and
wholesalers must absorb, by trim
ming their profit margins, all or in
some cases part of any price in
crease granted to manufacturers.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

Thls was reported by seven prom
inent industrialists at a press con.
ference yesterday.
They said that American air raids
decided the outcome of the war and
that Japan was defeated before the
first atomic bomb was dropped.
Only the militarists and Industrial
lists, however, knew they had been
beaten. The former wouldn't ad-
NIT 1t and I'VE industrialists were
too cowardly to speak out"
Ship losses in June and July, 1915,
proportionately were one vessel
sunk by submarines to six by bomb
ing and IL by mines. The mines,
strewn in the inland sea and off
Korea and North China, finally sew
cred Japan's contact with the coil
tinent.
Resultant shortages of coal. oil.
salt and food contributed TO para ~
zing of industry so completely that
industrialists indirectly informed
the militarists shortly before the
surrender that industry could not
continue.
The industrialists estimated that
10 per cent Of the population would
have starved IL the war continued
another year.. They said official
rationing had been half Of normal
diet since July, 1945, and that food
still was a major problem.
They estimated that food produc-
ton within the home islands will
be approximately 100000 koku
(2,000,000 tons) short of the 81
100000 koku estimated requirement
for next year. This is due to ad-
verse weather, labor shortages and
lack of fertilizer for overworked
land.
No After Effect In
Atom Bomb Area
1t now would be safe to live in
the center of atom-bombed Hiro.
shima. There is no evidence that
anyone who entered the area af-
ter the bombing died from radio
activity, Brig. Gen. T. +. Farrell
reported today.
Taking cognizance, of Japanese
stories that relief parties entering
the area TO assist in evacuation
were injured seriously. Farrell stat
ed that those personnel already were
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
Boyington Home; Tells Experiences

81 was pretty badly shot up. My
scalp was half torn off and had a
number OF flax wounds.
81 had been waiting for a dear
old L. S. sub and when ! saw this
one surface thought, %. Boy
But l. was a Jap sub.
"They took me aboard and gave
me a glass OF saki and some sweet
peas.
where they landed me ! don't
know because | was blindfolded and
was also naked as the day | was
born"
Taken to Truk
From what | gathered Boyine-
ton continued, Il was taken to
Truk."
Earlier American bombing at.
tacks spread devastation through
out the big japanese naval bastion,
he said
Later he was flown TO the secret
Jap prison camp at Ofuna in Japan
where he. in common with other
prisoners. particularly flyers, was
repeatedly tortured.
"In the 13 months ! spent there"
BoyingtOn said, they gave me the
works"
Asked to elaborate on the cruelty
he underwent, the famous( flyer
wryly said
well ! found out what a base
ball bat can be used for"
From the Ofuna camp he was
taken to Omori where he spent the
remainder NJ his imprisonment.
Awarded Medal Of Honor
Awaiting him were the Navy
Cross and the Congressional Medal
OF Honor with the Communications:
a superb airman and a determin-
cd fgl ter against overwhelming
odds"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

Thus every government dollar
would be matched dollar for dollar
by states, cities or counties.
The government would survey
the land, lay out the grading, put
up the fences, put in the paving and
lighting on the runways. It would
do no building.
The states, cities or counties
would have to put up the hangers
or any other buildings.
CAA's ideas were based on a
fairly sketchy survey: the number
OF planes now in an individual state,
the number of pilots in each, the
number Of airplanes. the prospects
for aviation in each state.
II was a program which could be
revised in detail to fit individual
needs OF state, city or county.
Two congressmen-Rep. Clar-
ence Lea, California Democrat. and
Senator Pat McCarran, Nevada
Democrat-showed two bills into
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

day | took off from Bougainyille in
a Corsair to attack Rabaul. (Ed
Note-Jan. 3. 1881 We got so far
when my wingman, George Abs
nun. Fair Hill. n. j., got Knocked
down by an ambush of Japs
81 tried to take over but was
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

forced down by a bunch Of Nips
who came out of the skies way w
above me.
Il bailed out at 100 feet and my
chute opened just in time. spent
the day in the water and just about
dusk 4 sub came up.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
EXPANSION OF ANN AR5oR
AIRPORT TO BE PLANNED

Ann Or-INS-GriffeIs and
Wallet. Inc. OF Detroit have been
awarded a contract to plan the eX-
pansion of Ann Arbor's 425-acre
airport. University OF Michigan Of
fcials predicted today that com.
merciaI transport and charter ia
cilities would be available within
the next two years. They expect
the University football team will
Fly to opponents home fields, while
special week end services will be
provided for spectators who attend
Michigan home games.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
U. s. WEATHER FORECAST
AUCTION CALENDAR

ATURDAY, SEPT. Isl o'clock,
7 miles w. Saline. mile w. Of
Bridgewster. 6 miles {. Of Man
chester on Saline and Manches.
ter Rd. 40 head Of blood tested
cattle. 500 chickens, farm imp.
Russell Schultz. Prop. Ben
slmons, clerk. Guy =. Thompson.
Auetioneer, Ypsllanti, 4o4 Ferris
St. Phone 25t9. -. ADV. 915S
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13

TOKYO-AP-Prince Fumimaro
Konoye, vice premier OF Japan, de-
clared that he believed the war
might have been averated II he had
succeeded in his plans for a person
al meeting with President Roose-
welt in the summer OF 1871, when
he was premier.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-09-13
|ndustria|ists Say Japan
Was Beaten by Air Raid

Tokyo Sept 3APapan beaten to her knees before surrender
by the American aerial INVASION which virtually paayzed industry
and completely bockaded Japanese prob
ably would have starved odea the another