davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
Telephone Laboratories
Develop Ne1u Language

stubby caterpillars chasing a c h
other.
Laughter is a row of feathers.
Grunting and squealing a pickle
fence with occa sional cross bars.
This green light, language ap'
pears as the words are spoken 81
a small glass screen like tele'
vision picture; and for teaching
deaf children, on a large screen
about four feet across, where each
green word, is foot high.
Edgar Bloom, born stone deaf,
read with fair fuency today before
large audience as words were
spoken into mike by woman
demonstration and also by mem.
bers OF the audience.
More important than his reading.
Bloom learned for the first time
by watching the light forms te
speak so that other people can I'M
derstand him. When he went tt
work on this about year ago he
was unable to take the elevator
to the eighth floor of the labora
tories. That is the paymaster'S
floor. He could not say eight intel
Lightly and for a month always
went to the seventh floor, because
he could say seven. He has learn.
ed to say eight.
Deaf children, it was pointed
out, are able to learn to, speak
clearly only few words per year.
With the speech translator it is
expected they will learn faster.
Two girls with normal hearing
held light word converc atior
over an ordinary phone, with an
operator in another part of N W
York. These girls had studied a
year and half. They talked readi-
ly about their homes, grandmoth-
ers and Thanksgiving. There was
an occasional hesitation and call
for repeat.
The electronic tubes pick up the
pitch of voices, their loudness and
length of time the. sounds each
last. These they translate into
Electric current which in turn is
converted into patterns in light.
Each slight variation in SOUND
shows clearly. ~
The Newyorkese ''Noive" for
NERVE" looks just as different as
it sounds.
The light symbols record errors
in enunciation and teach people
how to speak more clearly. The
devices are also new tool for
useful measurements Of sound Ct
all sorts, including hunting for the
elusive noise that drives you halt
crazy.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

require of dealersaein be relatively
minor" he said 1Their realized
margins will be stantially high
er than they were fore the war. y
Patman openel he session by
saying that the Ia 17nittee agreed
on the need for curling imitation
TO avoid "any undue rise in the
cost OF civilian products to the
consumer
On the other hand" he said,
we feel that the time has come
ior a greater realization and a
keener appreciation on the part of
government, industry and labor of
the Importance of the role of the
small distributor in the American
scheme Of things"
The meeting was interrupted
frequently as Senate and House
members filed in to get their
names on the attendance record.
There was loud applause from the
dealers when the committee voted
to request the delay.
After the meeting, Rep. William
A. Plttinger, R., Mimi, said on
the floor that eff we are going to
continue OPA, we're going to ruin
small businessmen"
Rep. Karl Mundt, r., S. D., ad-
ded that OPA was not intended
by Congress to change existing
business practices.
W. L. Mallon, Newark, N. j.,
president of the National Auto
mobile Dealers Association, told
the committee that OPA intends
to cut the dealers discount rate
in half if necessary to help absorb
the increased cost of new car pro-
duction. He said this would reduce
dealers gross earnings by so per
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
NEW CAR PRICES
TO BE DELAYED

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8. -oO.D-
Price Administrator Chester BOW
les said tonight that OPA announce
ment of new car prices will be de-
layed until next week, at the re
quest of the House Small Business
committee. The announcement wax
to have been made this week.
He made the statement after
powerful lobby of automobile deal
ers drew a huge Congresslona
audience to hear their protes
against proposed OPA reductlor
in dealers mark-up margins. TneJ
charged that it would drive tnf
majority of them out of business
After the meeting, Chairman
Wright Patman, D., Tex, askee
OPA to delay any such change un
til the committee completes 1T
hearings. Bowles agreed to post
pone it temporarily. He said NJ
would discuss the matter when NJ
testifies next week.
The dealers have been lombard
ing Congress for days with tele
grams and telephone calls protest
ing the proposed change.
An estimated 1925 Senators ane
Representatives registered thei1
presence at the meeting, and abou
half that number actually attend
ed. Some 200 dealers were present
It was one of the biggest legisla
tive turnotts in capital annals.
Rep. Estes Kefauver, D., Tenn.
called it the greatest expression
of interest" he has seen during
his membership on the committee
Bowles said in a statement thai
there had been great misunder
standing and emotionalism'' on the
question of dealers profit mar
gins.
"Any absorption that OPA may
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

BUY U. S. VICTORY BONDS
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS

Realty transfers recorded today
with the office of the Register of
Deeds included the following:
]. E. D. Clark, etux, lot 1-8 vii.
Beach Fed. PIT. Twp.
Wilmington Savings and Trust
Co., Tr., to Annie L. Harriss, PIT
IA Car. Bch.
The Free Gospel Missions, Inc,
to G. R. Styron, 11-2 Hanover Gar
dens.
w. L. Farmer, etux, to D., Carl
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
r11liston High Choir
Entertains Lions Club

ro.t,red attraction of yesterday
,oon's Lions club meeting
al'eia mixed choir from the Willis
was 1q;ah school directed by James
1 Thompson Jr.
IT Their program included several
lis Numbers and "Summey" q
cno- ~ Nv Ruth Walker. Willie James
ss P[1 l. also sang a solo, 'Homing."
~ Tho choir numbers included
ao,,;n, in jerusalem" Don't
Weary. Traveller" fixing OF
he " "Hallelujah," and praise
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

Winner, lot 4sl Car. Beh.. lot St.
Joseph st. Car. Bch., lot Moore
prop. Car. Bch., lot 4 Car. Bch.
Efird prop.
L. A. Covel, etux, pit lot 6-74 city.
j. E. D. Clark, etux, to Carl a
Pfoff, etux, lot 22-15 Sec. A Fl.
Fisher Sea Beach.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

cent. Dealers now are allowed
an average of "a per cent in the
difference between what they pay
for the cars and charge consumers.
He said the proposed cut was
agreed upon by OPA officials
largely Gin star chamber sessions
and without a thorough study Of
manufac turers' or dealers costs.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
BY HOWARD w. BLAKESLEE

Associated Press Science Editor
NEW YORK, Nov. 8-(R "A
new form of language, where cleo
tronlc tubes make spoken words
visible in green light, was an
nounced today by the Bell Tele.
phone laboratories.
The deaf can read this language.
Persons of normal hearing learn
to read it about as fast as a foreign
language. The tubes also record
this sound language on paper in
permanent form.
The new alphabet looks slightly
like shorthand, but with all char
acters fat, and some bit fuzzy on
the edges. The electronic trans
lator draw not only spoken words,
but music, noise, dialects and bird
songs. 1t can be made to record
the emotions in a human voice.
The principle is like the one
which will be used when, if ever,
science makes a typewriter that
will record spoken dictation.
In this language the word "sure''
looks like a diving airplane. Five
closely resembles the letter z. The
sound S is like curtain of whip
tashes and the word SISSY is
tough to recognize. I'VE" looks
like a tree blowing in the wind.
'You' is like warship with a
barrage balloon floating just above
it's bow.
The meadowlark's song resem-
bles the notes in a musical scale.
The thrush song is similar except
its notes resemble fat, juicy slugs.
The whipporwilp voice resembles
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09
MEETING

RALEIGH, Nov. g. R-The
game and inland fisheries com
mittee of the department of con-
servation and development will
meet tomorrow in Greensboro for
preliminary discussions of open
seasons and bag limits to be ef-
fected next July.
BUY u. S. VICTORY BONDS
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

BUY U. s. VICTORY BONDS
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-11-09

the Lord. il
Welcomed back into Lions club
ranks were two veterans. Johr
Anderson and Buck Moss.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24
Who says 7OKy0,S the last stop?

Part of our job-a large parts turning
every spare dollar De haue into War Bonds
-. seeing to it that no dollar is spent need
lessly.
It's not too much to ask.
After oil, those Bonds will bring back extra
dollars in 10 years. They'll give you cash
reserve for emergencies.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24

They'll help keep prices down where you
can reach them now, and where he can reach
them when he does get back. Those Bonds
will go long way toward creating the kind
Of peace we're all hoping for.
The best thing you ean do for your fighting
man-and yourself-is to turn your dollars
into War Bonds-as many as you possibly
can! And then hold onto them!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24

TO The man who's travelled and fought half
way round the world, the last stop is right
here-home!
Every landing operation, every beachhead,
every weary march brings him that much
closer. But there's still long way to 60.
And just holo long it will take depends
in no small measure upon how well we do
our war job here at home.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24
Lesson for August 26

Lesson subjects and Scripture texts SO.
lected and copyrighted by International
Council of Religious Education; used By
permission.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24
JACOB ADJUSTS PERSONAL
RELATIONSHIPS

LESSON TEXT-Genesis 33:1-11, 1920.
GOLDEN TEXT-Let US therefore fol.
low after the things which make for peace.
Romans 14:19.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1945-08-24
UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
So eHool Lesson

BY HAROLD L. LUNDQUIST. D. D.
OF The Moody Bible Institute Of Chicago.
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Evening star., 1945-11-23
OPEN A CHARGE
ACCOUNT

Enjoy the convenience ond od-
vontooe Of q choroe account OF
The Polois Royol. Inquire in our
CREDIT OFFICE SIXTH FLOOR
Evening star., 1945-11-19
OFFICIAL NOTICES.

GG0yERHNMENT OF TIE pddssTRI9T OF
he hearing hayins been held by the Com
the matter Of closing certain street area
and public alleys In the District Of Colum-
biz; Z. hsreinattsr dsseIi6sd and as the he
that the street area and alleys referred to
Should bs closed, notice is hereby given
that under d.ss q 2 ls45 they
PUBIC ACT No. SOY. so7. q approved pro pecember er
sScvn H. s s ss 5sst .:. ana . si1 y &. o
bia and numbered as Maps 3125, Sis8.
ss c sas aas g sf sSs se srs hereby en snS .
December 10. 1e45: the title te the land
ss as aid msps ss e. Tax. K
s or orders. or the efEeetaive date sforsssid.
ssSHssns sTssa :. Z sssn' l. ens Il Sc
int.issetisn os NJ Street sne xiSsinis
o1 ssu. ssss ssss'ns ssssnr Rss q Lot. 1aoSss Yos ff
and lols. heated bstXssn 9th Street .pa .paa
austin ss ssrs.s z .e eessds sss se sSs tss @
.esss:1s :s Ssa G 81. es eg ssu:Is sy ss ss IL I
north and south alley and abuttins on the
southerly line Of Lot IS In this square.
Of 10 feet, In Square 1923. Northwest
Section, extending FROM Bath Street east
ting tn e.. SOUTH ni lass e Of Lots M az 81 aeat
and S14 in said square" Any and all
parties interested must file in Yritine with
any, to these ciosings, or as to any item
fore December 10, 1916. Otherwise said
after that date, In accordance with the
provisions Of Public Act No. 307, ap-
proved December 15, 1882 JOHN RUS
YOUNG, Commissioners Of the District Of
nois,14.15.1e.17.1s.ao.21.es.a4.2e.27,
Evening star., 1945-11-19
AUCTION sAlE.

zED 3. .WILLIAMs and zed L. Williams,
Aios MousrA Aqst0n sis NeM Yort aSe
and antique. furniture. household. effects,
soT ff0ssxs 81 ps1 81 ond tie s.'rses oms
asnt ssIa French Wilton n4Rs ana Prs rose
S.nss sssr resse msfss Sass qados
style val. and Flemish oak bedroom suite.
.p1n3 .h sp sse: g sPsss ss Rss
grade, walnut bedroom suite, Gouble Bed
with box spring, dresser, chest, dressing
sods osf sssloo snr suite Finest bsnsS
sprtns. hair mattress. larse dresser and
suite snsie bed, sSHas dresser aps s eSsst
Ssd. sad chest iS ivory 0aSass serHes
MAPLE d' sss as:ss s.ss 1s5l sp.nsa ssnqt soa
xsinus sofa. apholstersd in iisSt color @
lounge and living. room chairs. Dainty
cor a st9ssSy ssssy ip. ha .na n.ss ss chairs
Ing Brcn1e and other statuary and
aEures: China. glassware and bric-a-brac.
81 pieces Irish and other c.t-slass, large
Numerous other household pieces. Special
tsse sDspad :Sg cS9neep sGa
.repnd top, brass pulls and front inlsid with
rood condition. 8 Victorian hieil back rock.
ers, lately upholstered. Old maple school,
MAster's lht.top desk. about "a In. vide.
drawers; Q beauty; unusual good condi-
ton. child's chestnut wood little hope
chest, about 2e In. Ions BY / 8 IN. high:
on TOP, cheval style. Brass student 3
lamp. Tiffany glass tsAle lamp, % in.
high. g WedeeEood AL bullion e.ps
bullion cups and saucers. Other decora-
tive ARTICLES. Auctioneer's phone. Ma.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Alice Deal School
Leads Salvage Drive

Alice Deal Junior High School
moved into first place in The Eve
ming star-PTA Salvage drive with
a mark Of 62.3so pounds of old
newspapers and magazines collected
since the start of the new drive.
Not far behind is Shepherd with
81 1,884 pounds.
The others in the top 20 with
their totals are as follows: Jeffer.
son, 1929; Takoma Park, 1896;
Buchanan, 41,263: West, 37,072;
Noyes, 34,454;; Murch, 31,769; Mott,
30,9S3; Beers. 3o,93l; Stoddert, So
800; Macfarland, 30,70l; Mann,
29,9s3; Woodbridge. 20,057; Hearst,
2s,oss; Stanton, 2S.486; Bryan, 49,
40: Lafayette, 26,074; Banneker,
24,587; and Gage, 25,082..
Collections in the second district
Evening star., 1945-11-19

to find their places in competitive
society,"" The President added that
"the Government will do its part"
Admiral Ernest j. King, in an ad-
dress at yesterdays session, said the
best approach" to a proposed mer-
ger Of the armed forces would be "a
complete, thorough and unbiased
study by q specially appointed board
OF civilian and military Leaders,
The Legion's Distinguished Service
Medal also was presented to Henry
L. Stin1son, former Secretary Of
War, and accepted on Mr.. Stimson s
behalf by Gen. Royal.
behalf by Brig, Gen. Kenneth c.
Royal, Undersecretary of War.
Posthumously. the Distinguished
Service Medal was presented to
Ernie Pyle, the war correspondent.
The medal was accepted by Mr..
Pyles aunt, Mrs. Mary e. Bales,
Dana, Ind.
Maj. Arthur Wermuth of Chicago,
the "one-man army OF Bataan," re-
ceived loud applause when he urged
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Chinese to Become
Right-Skde Drivers
On New Year Day
By the Associated Press.

~ the Abboclkteo FreeS.
CHUNGKING,. Nov. 1e.--
Chinese trafiic is scheduled Of
ficially to switch from the left
to the right side Of the road on
January Ian event which
even right : side conscious
Americans anticipate with
trepidation.
The new law was supposed to
have taken effect more than q
month ago, but at the last
minute some one in authority
decided that the populace
would need more time to get
used to the idea.
Americans and Europeans
are anticipating a melancholy
New Year Day.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
PROPOSALS.

CoMMIssI0NERs, D. c. washington
Be received In Room SOC, District Building
until 200 pm. November go. l946
Satsr Sever. Fails Branch Drainage
ton Street and Nebraska Avenue, consist.
ing OF approximately 1855 linear feet ot
terra Gotta pipe sewer, and Cd Dalecarlia
Parkway stormwater Sewer. between
Loughboro Road and Massachusetts, avg
nue. NV, consisting of approximately
300 linear feet of terra sotta pipe sewer
obtained At Room 427. District Building
mol o19-6t.exsu&hol
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY, Public Build
inss Administration.- washinston, D. e,
November 15, 1946. Sealed bids in dupli-
cate will be publicly opened in this ONCE
at 1 PM, November 80, 1945, for re
oor Be- i %ans bSd
Ing. Washington. D; c. Drawings and
once and must be returned = this once;
The furnishinx Of more than one set will
Of Public Buildings. W e. REYNOLDS,
Commissioner Of Public Buildings, Federal
Works Agency, 81
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Royal Urges Legion
To Exert Influence
On National Defense
Rx the Assoc,sted press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Noy. l9.-Brig. Gen.
Kenneth G. Royal, Undersecretary
of War, today urged American
Legionnaires to make their influence
felt on national defense measures.
He said 1t would take a strong
and concerted effort" to prevent
"the pendulum of American
thought from swinging into the
DANGEROUS rosy zone of ostrich
thinking"
Gen. Royal. in an address on the
second day Of the Legion's 9th an
nual convention, said publicity given
organizations opposed to universal
military training would indicate
such groups include a majority of
our people" He contended, how
ever, that public opinion polls show
an overwhelming majority" favors
universal training.
Legion Held Key to Peace.
But the voice of the many has
almost been drowned by the clamor
of the few" the undersecretary de-.
clared.
Here is where the Legion comes
in. had your counsel been
followed in the '20s and '30s when
the Legion time and again strove to
arouse public opinion as to the,
necessity Of military preparedness, it
Is doubtful that the totalitarian
powers would have dared embark on
world conquest. 1t is certain that.
Pearl Harbor would not have caught
US perilously unprepared to defend
ourselves.
But minority groups were
able to align public opinion with
them in opposition to your counsel.
Now you have public opinion over
whelmingly with YOU"
Gen. Groves Also Speaks.
On the program with Gen. Royal
was Maj. Gen. Leslie r. Groves, as
sistant to the Army chief of engi-
neers. Gen. Groves, who headed the
atomic bomb development project,
reviewed what he called the "Ameri-
can teamwork" that went into its
production.
Yesterday, Condr. Franklin D.
Roosevelt, jr., told the Legion that
this Nation never will be conquered
and always has won its wars be-
cause I'VE Americans put our coun-
try first"
Accepting the Legion's Distin-
guished Service Medal bestowed
posthumously on his father, Comdr.
Roosevelt said veterans of 1918 and
veterans of World War II had in
common with his father the spirit
Of putting country above life ITSELF"
In New York today Comdr.
Roosevelt said he had been pro-
NOTED to the rank of full COM
n1ander in the naval reserve, ef-
fective November 13.
cBut 50 far as can see it
doesn't really mean anything" he
said. Like all commissions at
present the rank Is purely for
temporary service. I am on ter
minal leave now and am sched-
uled to be severed from the Navy
In January"
He said he received notice Of
the promotion about a week ago"
from the Navy Department In
Washington) ...~
President Truman. telegraphed
greetings at the opening of the con-
vention in which he said this was
the first Legion convention in many
years he had not attended as a
delegate from Missouri.
Can Aid Veterans. er
MIR. Truman said the Legion was,
IN position ito render great SER
viee-by helping returning veterans
Evening star., 1945-11-19

the Legion to back compulsory mill
tary training 80 that the horrors
which occurred In Europe, on Ba-
taan and Corregidor, GuadalcAnal
and every other place do not happen
again"
A surprise visitor was Paul v. Nc
Mutt, former Manpower Commission
chairman and former national COM
mander OF the Legion, who leaves
today to assume his duties as high
commissioner Of the Philippines.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
EIITIIyR,
-01H1-:

fhO1. J. OWEN Q Bon, auctioneers. 43b
Southern Bldg.--Trustees' sale OF valuable
dwelling known ~ Premises No. 80 st.
Northeast. BY virtue Of certain deed Of
Eoiic Is e SD. 81 TIE land records 81
guest rf the party secured thereby, the
Underlined tfu&tees viii sell, at public
auction, IN front Of the premises, on
ThufsdAy, the 29th day November. A. D.
described land and premises, situate In
- . sd ssins = Lot iS7 II W. W. wsi.eRsaas Leiberts
e1bdivision Of, lots in square numbered
6I4. - per plat recorded In. the Once
q Me eerysvor Tor the ptstrrt Of colpp-
bia Y Book IL, Pare l33, With .. right
17eM ef aid subdiyision. The IN
50 s. 'st, Northeast. TsfmsS 30 q sale, ali ali
et tine 6 sale. All convsyancing, record
tngs revenue stamps. etc.. at cost OF pur-
cn1Sqy. Terms Of sale to b complied with
tbs. 4xu1teeg reserve rfxht to ressH the
pro1erty at t4e xisk and cost 81 deleultine
:$s1 = wv ;::S,a.aa.ssss Z ss3i es:s.llR 2eE
III IL 3 s12a4lsS1Q q b. sEanIx 1sust
Evening star., 1945-11-19
together with the leaders
Pounds
Per Capita
Six Fl4 Radio Stations
Planned by Auto Workers

~ the Associated Press.
The CIO United Automobile
Workers Executive Board yesterday
authorized 100000 expenditure to
set up six frequency modulation
broadcasting stations.
Applications for the stations, which
would be operated on a non-profit
basis at Detroit. Chicago, Cleve-
land, Los Angeles. Flint. Mich, and
Newark, N. j., have been before
the Federal Communications Com
mission for some time, d. p. Con-
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Boy Who Sow Visions |. III

NEW YORK, Nov. 10 (F.-Joseph
Vitolo, jr., 9-year- r-old Bronx boy who
claimed to have seen Z vision Of the
Virgin Mary, is a pretty sick boy
and has been sent to Indiana for a
rest, his mother, Mrs. Thomas vi
tolo, said last night. She said the
boy was visiting an aunt. He hopes
to return Saturday.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Asbury Park Editor Dies

ASBURY PARK. N. j., Nov. 10 tP.
Jesse Lyle Kinmonth, editor and
publisher Of the Asbufy Park I'VE.
ming Press and the Asbury Park
Sunday Press since 1895, and 1
member Of the AssoAated Press,
died yesterday ct his home OF 1
heart Ailment. He would have been
rs years old tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
merry, JAW press relations of,ciai,

merry, ,UAW press relations ofIicial,
said. 81
The board alsod moved 10 settle
. jurisdictional dispute over Jobs
at the Willow Run plant Of the
Kaiser-Fraser Co. at Ypsilanti,
Micha Mr.. Connery reported. It
merged seniority lists Of the two
UAW locals involved. This plan
will be followed at least until the
next meeting Of the board Janu-
arv A n
Evening star., 1945-11-19
apeake & Ohio and the Nickel Plate stand ready to Join
18th other railroads to start this service without delay

dividing line beyond which you cannot
pass without changing trains?
Isn't it high time the travellers of
this country enjoyed the benefits of
through sleeping car service all the
way from coast to coast?
And why shouldn't they get it?
Is it because of the physical problem
that would be involved in transferring
sleeping cars from one road to another?
Is it because schedules would have, to
be readjusted to maintain convenient
departure and arrival times? i ~,
Surely, such problems can be worked
out - and should be worked out - in
the interest Of the travelling public.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Who Will Take Action?

The Chesapeake & Ohio and the Nickel
Plate Road are not the only railroads
that, in conjunction with others, could
provide this service. But no railroad
has yet provided it. And we Of the
Chesapeake & Ohio and the Nickel Plate
are willing to make d start.
N fact, we are 50 convinced that
action should be taken, and taken NTH