davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Un-Americun Tactics

The War Labor Board, having
threatened to take punitive action
against striking rubber workers, is
scheduled to meet today to deter
mine what its next step shall be.
This is strike which illustrates
the inherent falsity of the familiar
contention that it is unfair to COM
plain about strikes when more than
SO per cent of the workers are stick
ing to their jobs. 1t is true that the
total number of rubber strikers is
only about $1,000 small fraction
of ! per cent of the working force.
But they have already compelled the
shipment of patched-up tires to our
flyers in the Pacific. They have cur
tailed the production of self sealing
gas tanks. And, according to the
War and Navy Departments, contin-
uance of the strike would condemn
countless American soldiers, sailors
and flyers to death"
IT this statement is not true it
ought to be repudiated Immediately
by responsible officials. But if it is
true then it is difficult to see how the
Government can fail to take the
most drastic measures in dealing
with these strikers. The matter can
not safely be left to union discipline,
OF which we have heard SO much. for
there has been no indication of any
determination on the part of CIO
officials, who have jurisdiction over
the strikers, to break the strike. In
stead, the president of the Akron
local of the CIO United Rubber
Workers, c. " Wheeler, has defied
all appeals to send his men back to
their jobs, and asserts in a telegram
to the President that the Govern
ment agencies dealing with the
strike are using ''un- American and
undemocratic tactics
The best that can be said of this
protest, uttered against the back
ground of the War and Navy claim
that the strike will condemn Ameri-
can fighting men to needless deaths,
Is that MIR. Wheeler has a strange
concept of what is n-American and
undemocratic. The great prepon-
deranee of public opinion viii be that
Evening star., 1945-07-02
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

in countries where the power to declare
war was not lodged IN representative
institutions but in executive. It is the
nature of nationalism that when wars
start they are supported by the masses
who would rather win under any do
mestic government than lose to foreign
enemy. In all countries once war starts,
to oppose it is regarded as treason.
1t is for this reason that We rightly
fear political systems where all power
is lodged in despotic persons or bodies,
including the power to start wars and
to report and interpret events through
publicity instruments under their sole
control
The problem created by modern
science, in the last analysis, is political.
1t is noteworthy that, although the
worst horrors with which Germany
threatened the world came out of scien-
tific laboratories, it is certain their in
yentors won't be treated as war crimi-
mails. On the contrary there is quiet
competition in each country to win their
services. Also the inventors are per-
fectly willing, since scientists apparently
consider themselves as political animals
and in discovering secrets of the uni
verse don't feel responsible for the pur-
poses whereto they are put. Thus of the
100 scientists rounded up by the United
States, who we're working on rocket pro-
pulSion alone, most express themselves
as eager to carry on their experiments
in England and America for either war
or peace use. Others are in Russia.
49, -
Thus it is obvious that world or
ganization to prevent war must devise
some means for international control
of scientific formulas.
Wars, however, don't start in fac
tories, but in human minds. The great
est menace to our world is the decline
of ethics based on humanism and re-
ligious inhibitions, and the divorce of
science, technology and economics from
humanistic principles and emotions. The
trouble with Germany Is not science
and industry, which in themselves are
admirable, but soul-sickness, and the
lesson of Germany is for our whole
civilization which, in a greater or less
degree, is suffering from the same soul
sickness.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Another Principle at Stake

During his filibuster against the
FEPC appropriation in the Senate,
Senator Bilbo of Mississippi said he
was fighting for principle. Ac-
cording to his lights, he was.
The whole FEPC controversy is SO
tied up with other things-local
conditions, local traditions, State
sovereignty, the rights of minorities
and the rights of individuals and
the Negro vote in national elections
shat almost anybody who is for or
against the legislation can base his
position on principle.
Yet the fact remains that defeat
Of an appropriation to continue the
work of the FEPC will mean that
minority in Congress has been able
to repudiate an organized attempt
In this country to work toward
breaking down racial and religious
prejudices, the effect of which is
to retard, if not to deny, equality of
economic opportunity among our
citizens. That will be the cardinal
principle established If the minority
in Congress opposed to the appro-
priation wins.
There are reasonable, wise and
good men on both sides of this con-
troversy. The extremists have made
a reconciliation of views more diff
cult. Establishment of the FEPC
was a makeshift expedient in the
beginning, and in some cases 1t has
functioned neither wisely nor too
well. But the principle for which
it stands is clear enough, and to dis
own it now is to put the National
Government in a position-however
temporary it may be-that is in
furious to national morality.
Evening star., 1945-07-02

the Ruthenians, because their nat
ural market was cut off by high
tariff wall and they were blocked
from the Czechoslovak market by
mountains which handicapped an
exchange of products. Economically
speaking, their transfer to the
Soviet Union will not better the
situation, because the main range Of
the Carpathians Is an even sitter
barrier to surmount. Their chief
hope will lie in an economic uni
fication of East-Central Europe,
presumably under Russian initia-
tive, whereby tariff barriers will
no longer accentuate political from
tiers. Should Hungary and Ro-
mania remain under Soviet direc-
ton, such an economic change may
be anticipated.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
No Votes-No Action

IF Representative Feighan of Ohio,
chairman of a subcommittee Of the
House District Committee in charge
of the teachers pay-increaSe bill,
was a little more willing to listen
to responsible school and budgeting
authorities in the District of Co
lumbia and a little less inclined to
suspect that they are trying to sell
the local school teacher down the
river. some action on the bill might
be expected.
AS it is, the fiscal year has come
to an end without congressional &C
ton on this bill. Technically the
local school teachers have received
a decrease instead of highly de-
served increase in basic pay. Actu-
ally that condition can be corrected
by prompt action now. But the sit
uation is a strange one. 1t would be
incredible in any community of the
United States except Washington,
where the people who live here have
no votes and no representatives of
their own.
Here was a measure which had
received long and careful considera-
ton by the school and budgeting
authorities, whose single aim has
been to work out measure in the
best interests of the school teachers
and the people who pay their sal
aries, the local taxpayers. A well led,
responsible colored teachers union
supports it. A weak union of white
teachers imported a witness from
Cleveland, Ohio, Mr.. Feighan's home
town, and succeeded in throwing a
monkey wrench into the machinery
and tying the bill up by implanting
suspicious in Mr.. Feighan's mind
that the bill did not serve the best
interests of the teachers.
The man from Cleveland received
Mr.. Feighan's respectful attention.
The people from Washington, on the
other hand, were treated as if they
were conspirators. A lot of childish
nonsense about persecution of the
local union was spread on the rec
ord, without any evidence worthy of
anybody's attention. A bill that un-
der competent handling would have
gone sailing through Congress with
out opposition is still messed up, in
spite of Chairman Randolph'S own
diHgent efforts to get something
done. In the meantime, a bill in
creasing the pay of firemen and po-
icemen, which received far less
preparatory consideration, leap
frogged the teachers pay bill and
is about to become law.
Such a condition would never
come to pass in a voting commu-
nifty. Until WaShingtonianS get the
vote they are pretty much at the
mercy of any lobbying group from
out Of town that comes along.
Evening star., 1945-07-02

FRANKFURT AM MAIN-The reve-
lations arising from questioning
German scientists present Wellsian
picture of a future world where the
sun rays will be harnessed in the tropo-
sphere to provide sufficient energy to
turn all the wheels. The laws Of gravity
will be defied and either mankind will
be liberated from dependence upon
former natural resources or this earth
will be burned to cinders by hitherto
unknown instruments of war.
Other scientific facts known to Ger
man and other scientists will make 1t
possible to induce earthquakes and
floods and to attack lands from dis
tances thousands of miles away. 1t
is this knowledge which makes neces-
sary the control of Germany's industries
and laboratories.
Nevertheless, I hold that given COM
petent controls, which is fairly I'M
certain unless integrated within some
larger complex power. Germany cannot
revive as a world power through scien-
tific and industrial means alcne. Her
ability to make war rested on po-
liticai factors and on victories enabling
quick access to materials absolutely es-
surrounding states which were inside no
powerful defense system.
But disarmament and industrial con-
troll of Germany does not solve the
problem of future wars. What is needed
is education of all the worlds peoples TO
the fact that the science of war has
reached the stage where war itself
becomes an absurdity.
All aggressive wars are made for the
purpose of extending power and pros
perity by adding the enemy's potentials
to ones own. If the result Of conquest
is destruction of the enemy's entire
assets, the victor inherits only the ruins
Furthermore, the best antidote for
war lies in the political structures OF
nations. For instance, the best antidote
for the United States eversbecoming an
aggressive nation starting wars lies in
the fact that it cannot go to war without
the vote of the peoples representatives
in Congress The people nowhere want
war and it is of the greatest significance
that both this war and the last started
Evening star., 1945-07-02
This Changing World
By Constantine Brotpn

army even If that army was responsible
for its liberation.
In the meantime, there are indications
that few of the Poles who are outside
Poland wish to return to their homeland.
According to reports from officers at
Supreme Allied Headquarters screening
the Poles who had been used as labor
by the Nazis, only 2.8 per cent of these
laborers have declared their willing
ness to go back to Poland
So far about 755,000 men have been
questioned by the officers, who are in
structed to warn them that unless they
return to their country they will lose
their nationality. OF this number,
$4,000 have agreed to return home while
the rest prefer to remain "stateless. ]"
Very few belong to the intellectual or
professional classes. The overwhelming
number are factory hands and farm la
borers who, in spite Of the promises
made them that they will be given land,
prefer to stay in foreign country.
The proportion among members of the
Polish armed forces-about 250,000 men
is even smaller The Allied govern
ments believed that the presence of the
leader of the Peasant party in the new
Gohcil SOfCilulICAib WOuld 4AADPAC NOAl-
fidence among the peasants who had
been transferred to Germany by Hitler.
1t seems that these hopes have been
without foundation. Whether the atti-
tude of the Polish laborers and farm
hands is due to an intelligent propa-
ganda or is instructive is hard to say
at this time. But the fact remains that
they all tell our officers bluntly that,
having lived for five years in a labor
camp, they do not wish to spend the
rest of their lives in another.
The problem which confronts the
Allies is what to do with these victims
Of the Nazis. They do not wish to CO.
cree them to return to Poland and at
the same time the Western European
countries are afraid to keep them be-
cause of possible friction with the new
Polish government which is being
strongly supported by Russia.
1t is conceivable that if the new Polish
government allows neutral newspaper
men to send honest reports from Poland
and their dispatches show that the
situation is not as dark as these Poles
believe it to be, a larger number might
decide to return to their homeland. The
country is said to be seriously suffering
of shortage Of manpower, particularly
in territories recently taken from the
Germans.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Mr.. Byrnes Comes Back

Inc reLuTn OF JdIueS r. byTllcS 10
official life, this time as Secretary
of State, places at the Presidents
side man who is exceptionally well
equipped to serve the country at
critical period in the development of
its foreign relations.
Mr.. ByrneS is not a professional
diplomat. But this deficiency, If it
be deemed such, can be made good
by enlisting the assistance of men
who have spent their lives in the
work of the State Department. In
the situation which prevails through
out the world today, the equipment
which Mr.. Byrnes brings to his new
post will prove far more useful than
mere familiarity with diplomatic
usages or detailed knowledge of
diplomatic precedents.
During the next few years there
is going to be great need of men who
have mastered the art of COM
promise. 1t is unfortunate that, for
many people, the word carries dis
creditable connotation, for in its
primary meaning-that of a settle
ment reached by mutual concessions
compromise affords the only basis
on which the nations of the world
can hope to live with even a SEM
blance OF harmony. The problems
Of the future are not going to be
all white or all black, and there will
be small place for those who can
not tolerate any settlement which
fails to conform fully to their own
view Of what is right. Mr.. Byrnes is
not one Of this company. In long
and distinguished career as Rep
resentative, Senator, member of the
Supreme Court and Assistant Pres
ident" in charge of our domestic
war program, he has learned how
to give and take. He is not afflicted
with excessive pride of personal
opinion. AS Secretary of State it is
to be expected that, without sacrifice
of fundamental principles, he will
bring his talent for compromise to
bear on the solution of the many
problems that will arise between the
United States and other nations, and
it may be predicted with confidence
that this will react to the benefit of
this country and contribute very
materially to the building of that
better world to which we all aspire.
For Mr.. Byrnes there must be a
considerable measure of satisfaction
in his appointment to head the State
Department. A year ago he wanted,
and had reason to expect to receive,
his party's nomination for the vice
presidency. Had that ambition been
realized he would be President of
the United States today. But con-
siderations of practical politics, real
or fancied, intervened, and the place
went to Mr.. Truman, who had gone
to Chicago expecting to nominate
his friend, Mr.. Byrnes. Taking his
disappointment manfully, the latter
returned to Washington, wound up
his official duties and left last spring
for his home in South Carolina with
no plans for the future. But now he
has returned to Washington to take
over a governmental responsibility
second only to that of the presi-
dency, and 1t is good to know that
he is back.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Jap Troop Redeployment
By Mai. George Fielding Eliot

that Russia would soon be free to turn
her attention to the Far East.
The Japanese high command was
therefore confronted with two time
table problems: First, to get enough
divisions back into the home territory
to deal with any invasion attempt within
the period of time for which Okinawa
could be expected to hold out: second,
to reinforce and consolidate the Japa-
nese military position in Manchuria.
Korea and North China before the Ger
man defeat plus the period required for
Russian redeployment to the Far East.
Beyond this was a third overall time
table proposition: To achieve maximum
concentration of all available Japanese
forces in the homeland plus the Man
churia-Korea North China area before
Anglo-American redeployment to the
Western Pacific could be completed.
The first problem could be met by
moving troops out of Manchuria- Korea
North China across the Sea of Japan,
within limits imposed by the existing
strength of the Russian Far Eastern
armies and the Chinese guerrilla forces.
But these troops would have to be re-
placed before Russian redeployment was
completed; and there was no way to
replace them quickly enough except to
evacuate most of South China. Hence
we ziete in March the beginnings of the
japanese Withdrawals from areas south
Of the Yangtze River, first in the Nam
king area and then progressively along
the line toward Liuchow and Hengyang,
with fierce rear guard actions (like that
just concluded at Liuchow) covering the
retreat.
1t is likely that we shall see other such
actions; especially as the troops lost
in them are by no means wasted, mas
much as the Japanese cannot hope to
withdraw all their troops in South China
with the very best of luck and might
just as well expend some of them to
cover the evacuation of the others.
The chances of serious Chinese inter-
ference with this Japanese withdrawal
are dependent on the capacity of the
new lines of supply through Burma. We
know that number of good Chinese
divisions are now being built up and re-
equipped, with results which already are
proving satisfactory; but much remains
to be done, and the most optimistic OBJ
servers entertain doubts as to the ability
of the Chinese Army to hustle the Japa-
nese out of positions they want to hold,
at least for several months to come.
downright, l945,)
Evening star., 1945-07-02

Evidence continues to accumulate
which suggests the japanese are under
taking a large-scale redeployment OF
their own to meet the gathering threat
of Allied concentration in the Western
Pacific.
To understand what the Japanese
necessities of the moment are, we must
go back to last year, when the Japa-
nese Withdrew from Manchuria several
of their highly trained Kwangtung army
divisions for use in South China. With
these divisions, they opened up the
railway corridor to Canton and hong
Kong. which they still hold; they also
established rail and road connection,
for the first time, with their forces
In Indo- China.
There. was at that time some reason
to think that they were doing TINS
with a view to eventual withdrawal
of their troops in all Southeast Asia;
the capacity of the overland lines OF
communication they acquired was per-
haps sufficient for gradual evacuation,
but certainly not sufficient to support
these rather large forces in combat.
Moreover 1t was clear that only by a
considerable effort could these lines be
kept open, and even then there existed
grave doubt as to whether the Japanese
could afford to make that effort.
Meanwhile, however, Japanese Rus
sian relations were deteriorating, and
there is reason to think that the Japa-
nese sent newly raised divisions from
the home territory to replace the troops
withdrawn from the Manchurian gar
risons. At all events, one well-informed
source placed the number OF Japanese
field divisions available in the home
territory on January l. 1945, at the very
low figure of nine In addition, there
were training units in various stages OF
efficiency.
In March, 1t was already apparent to
the Japanese high command that an
American invasion of the Ryukyu
Islands was imminent, and few illusions
were entertained as to the chances OF
repulsing it. This would bring Amer
ican air and amphibious power to the
very threshold of the Japanese home
land That the Ryukyus might well
be spring board for immediate in
vasion of the home territory was pain
fully clear. Moreover, in March, it was
already very plain that Germany was
On the brink Of complete defeat, and
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Rutheniu to Russiu

Czechoslovakia's ceSsion of it's ex-
treme eastern district to the Soviet
Union is interesting from several
angles. In the first place, it is a
bilateral arrangement made by the
two governments in advance of a
general peace settlement. In this
it follows a pattern already visible
in Poland and elsewhere which may
mean that, so far as Eastern Europe
is concerned, there may never be a
general conference like that at
Versailles after World War I, but
that the new frontiers will be drawn
under Russian initiative, the role of
the western Allies being essentially
confined to acknowledgment of &C
complished facts.
The second noteworthy feature in
the current arrangement is that it
is another step in the Soviet policy
of politically uniting all peoples of
Russian stock with the Soviet Union.
The region now taken into the
Soviet fold is inhabited by people
with remote Russian ties. Geo.
graphically it is part of the vast
Danubian lowland known as the
Hungarian Plain, and western at
laSes usually term it Ruthenia,
though it is also known as Car
patho-U Ukraine and Uhro-RuSinia.
A wedge-shaped block of territory,
hilly and heavily forested, it conSti-
tuteS the southern slope of the lofty
Carpathian Mountain Range, which
separates the Danube lowland from
the illimitable plains to the north
ward. Historically it formed part
of Hungary down to the Versailles
settlement a quarter century ago,
when it was assigned to the new
state of CzechoSlovakia.
This settlement was due wholly to
diplomatic considerations. Czecho-
slovakia desired a common frontier
with its ally, Romania, and thereby
an indirect connection with Yugo-
slavia, all of which had formed a
league known as the Little Entente
to hold down the irredentist aspira-
tions of Hungary, which had been
largely partitioned between them.
There was no natural affinity be-
tween the Czechoslovaks and the
Ruthenians, Ukrainian in language
and culture and Greek Orthodox in
religion. Indeed, severance from
Hungary was an economic blow to