davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Our Submarines

Even now, when it is possible to
make public a statistical recaplt-
ulation of their achievements. not
everything can be told about our
submarines. For the time being at
least some of their weapons and
some of their exploits must remain
unpublicized for security reasons. In
peace as in war, more so than any
other branch of our armed forces,
they must make silence their COM
panion. Yet the bare figures speak
eloquently of the greatness of their
deeds from the time of Pearl Harbor
up until the surrender of Hirohito.
Numbering in the neighborhood of
$40. our submarines were the most
important single factor in severing
the life lines of the Japanese. In
their long and perilouS patrols,
hunting by night and day over
enormous eXpanSeS of ocean, they
sent to the bottom a total of 1,187
enemy vessels. These included 146
vessels of war, one of which was the
45000-ton Kongo, whose destruction
by the surfaced Sealion stands on
the record as kill" without prece-
dent. the biggest of its kind in his
tory.
High skill and high bravery
these, along with the dolphin in
sigma. have been the distinguishing
marks of our submariners. Playing
one of the key roles in making vic
tory possible, they have set a shining
example of courage and of devotion
to duty that should be a lasting
source of inspiration to all Ameri-
cans Now that their long battle
is over at last a grateful Nation
salutes them.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Full Employment
From the Winnipeg Free Press


What We will require in Canada In
peacetime is peacetime production. This
cannot be obtained if we are caught in
the snare of work for works sake. That
can be avoided if we understand very
clearly that full employment requires
as its first requisite a high degree OF
mobility of our labor force. Full en.-
ployment does not mean that every
citizen of Canada is going to be guar
,anteed employment in the job he wants
to do. in the factory he wants to work
In, in the city or town where he pre-.
fers to live. To achieve full employ.
ment, the people of Canada must be
willing to work at useful jobs where and
when these jobs become available. Sir
William Beveridge, in his blueprint for
"fuu employment in free society"
lays particular stress upon labor mo-
blllty. Every plan ever conceived for
full employment would bog down If the
people of Winnipeg, Toronto, Windsor.
Montreal and Vancouver staged a sit
down strike and insisted upon debating
the jobs they would take in their To-
calities and plants.
Evening star., 1945-08-30

The treaty of friendship and alliance
between Russia and China may well be
the most important and lasting result
of the defeat of Japan.
A careful examination of the treaty
and collateral agreements, now made
public, suggests that Chang Kai-shek
gained far more than he conceded. But
Soviet diplomacy is far-sighted, and
second. thoughts on the treaty suggest
also that Stain and Molotov were
wisely building for Russia.
Most important for Chang and for
China is the degree of recognition which
the treaty gives to Chiang's national
government of the Chinese republic" :"
Russia has followed the United States
in putting all her eggs in Chiang's
basket.
British diplomacy, which has been
skeptical about the permanence of the
so-called republic headed by Chang,
must now go ail-out to win his full CO.
operation. The Chinese Communists
republic to handle. With the aid from
Russia envisaged in the treaty, and with
the American aid in prospect, Chang
can. with reasonable tact and forebear-
ance, manage the Yenan minority with
out civil war.
Along the vast frontier between the
two Countries distance from Korea
to Chinese Turkestan of nearly 1000
miles-settlements have been reached
which respect the integrity and SOW
ereignty OF China. The most interesting
of these to Americans is the formula
governing Manchuria. A comparison Of
the settlement now achieved with what
Czarist Russia secured so years ago
should convince any fair judge that
Soviet Russia Is less rapacious and more
wise than the old Moscovite regime.
k9k
The treaty OF 1895. which gave Russia
the right to build railroad through
Manchuria, was negotiated by the mod
crate and very able Count Witte and
the great Chinese, II Hung -chang. The
new East China Railway was to be In
Evening star., 1945-08-30

Now that the war has been won,
there would be little purpose in
dwelling on these past failings If
we could be certain that they would
not be repeated. But it is readily
conceivable that many of them
could be repeated. 1t is conceivable,
for example, that the incredible lack
of coordination which permitted
one arm of the Government to give
what amounted to an ultima
tum to Japan at the very mo-
ment when the military serv-
ices were preparing a warning
that our state of military unpre-
paredness made such an ultimatum
hazardous, could produce equally
dangerous confusion today. One of
the important lessons taught by
Pearl Harbor and the war is the
absolute need for an agency within
the executive arm which will assure
proper coordination between all the
branches of Government to see that
all agencies work together in making
policy effective. Any reorganization
of the Government machine which
fails to provide for such an agency
comparable in its functioning with
the British secretariat-Willr repeat
many of the faults exemplified by
the fumbling of which Pearl Harbor
became tragic symbol.
And there are ominous signs on
the horizon today-such as the il
logical demands on Capitol Hill for
discontinuance of the draft while
the peace remains to be secured
which indicate that despite all the
suffering and sacrifice of this war
we may not yet have really learned
the lesson of Pearl Harbor.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Boy on q BRIDGE

He leans so hard against the bridge, Il
seems ...-
He and the bridge undoubtedly are
kin.
He looks upon the rivers breast and
sees
A riper In the riuer. Eddies spin
And clouds the riper carries are the
As clouds that float In azure ouer-
The riuer stops 1t Is the bridge and
boy
: That are the fo,ping. gliding ones
instead.
Mysteriously, his ,portd has changed
from uhat
He long has known the scope OF 4
to be.
1t no1D consists Of iust the four Of them.
The sky, the riper, and the bridge.
and he. nosr,,v,. . n,,,,,,,. :
Evening star., 1945-08-30

The effect of all OF this is to leave
a situation in which the Army and
Navy investigating boards are in
substantial disagreement with each
other and with the respective heads
of those departments. That is a
state of affairs which should satisfy
no one, least of all the two officers
who have suffered most-Admiral
Kimmel and General Short. These
men have repeatedly expressed their
desire for a public trial, and, as a
matter of simple JUSTICE 1t is diff
fcult to see how this request can
any longer be denied.
In sense, the same reasoning ap-
plies to the case of General Mar
shall. There is not space here to
discuss at length the complaint
against him. But it is concerned in
the main with an alleged failure to
give proper attention to certain de-
tails, principally that he did not keep
General Short fully informed of de-
velopments in the international
situation and that he did not prop
erly evaluate the significance of no.
tice from General Short that the
latter had put into effect in Hawaii
an alert against sabotage only. In
The Stars opinion, these criticisms
are trivial when balanced against
the enormity of the tasks and re-
sponsibilities which had devolved
upon General Marshall in the sum-
mer and fall of 1941 At the same
time, it is difficult to agree that they
are entirely unjustified." Since
they have caught the headlines, as
was inevitable under the circum-
stances, it would seem that the best
interests of all concerned-General
Marshall, General Short and the
members of the board of inquiry.
would be served by public airing
of all of the pros and cons.
1t should be emphasized, however,
that "the truth about Pearl Harbor"
can never be ascertained in any pro-
ceeding designed to fix responsibility
on individuals, or to absolve indi-
viduals of blame For the fact is
that the events of December 7, 1941,
and the events leading up to that
day, are an indictment of a people
and of a system of society. Many
things entered into the tragedy of
Pearl Harbor. Basically, there was
the unwillingness of the people of
the United States to take timely
notice of the fact that war was COM
ing. This, in turn, was reflected in
! division of national purpose, an
attempt to crack down" on the
japanese in economic ways while
also trying to stave off the outbreak
OF hoStilities-an effort which came
to head in late November, l941,
when Secretary Hull delivered what
Japan regarded as an ultimatum
while General Marshall and Ad-
miral Stark were drafting an appeal
to the President to avoid anything
at that time which might precipi-
tate a war. In some of its lesser
ramifications this lack OF a settled
policy was reflected in our refusal
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Member of the Associated Press.
Up for Trial

Inc nrSt lStln9 OF German war
criminals, as just announced jointly
by France, Britain, Russia and the
United States, contains no surprises.
In the absence of the presumably
dead Hitler and the certainly dead
Hlmmler and GoebbelS, Hermann
Wilhelm Goering has the unenviable
distinction of holding the topmost
place. Twenty-three others are
named-the big fry, so to speak-the
most prominent of the Nazi political
plotterS, the better-knoWn PruSSian
militarists, and the famous conniv-
ing induStrialiSt, Gustav Krupp.
These are the men who once
dreamed with the Fuehrer of ruling
Europe and the world. The some
what mystical Hess, the pompous
Won Ribbentrop, the conspiratorial
Won Papen, the strident Rosenberg,
the vulgar, vicious Streicher, the
money-Wise Schaeht, the puppet-
opportunist SeysS-Inquart, and such
others as Hitler's chief collaborators
In the army and nayy-they all are
numbered among the rogues, among
those who plotted together and
made the devils brew. These are
the men who drew up the plans,
who gave the orders and executed
them, who tied their fortunes to
aggression and precipitated the
most terrible war in history.
Not all on this list may be equally
guilty, and some may deserve only
relatively light sentences, but no
one of them can say he favored liv-
ing up to international law. No one
of them can say that he did not
acquiesce and take part in the
breaking of the peace, and so no one
of them can escape the charge of
having committed, in one degree
or another, a crime against hu-
manity. Perhaps some of them-like
Keitel, Doenitz, Jodl and Raeder-
are surprised that they should be
accused. Such thing is without
precedent in modern history. In
times past, after war, the military
commanders who planned it simply
went home and wrote their memoirs
or began preparing for battle on
another day. But that is the basic
significance of the trials scheduled
to begin at Nuremberg in October:
They represent an unprecedented
international effort to make it
matter of international law that
when a nations leaders resort to a
war of aggression, they sin against
the world and must be held account
able for that sin.
Nor are the lesser lights to be over
looked. In addition to the "a leaders
already listed, we may assume that
many other Germans will be brought
to trial. most of them perhaps in
the countries where they stand
accused rather than in the Allied
court at Nuremberg. These would be
the obscure thieves, sadists or muir
derers who have no special political
or military stature, but who merit
punishment. Big or little, all the
known war criminals must be made
to pay according to the degree of
their guilt, after fair trial. 1t is a
historic precedent to be established
as a Just device to help promote a
lasting peace.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
The Pearl Harbor Reports

to permit the interception of Japa-
nese communications out of Hawaii,
although we knew they were spying
on us, and in the delay in setting up
aircraft detection devices near Pearl
Harbor because of differences be-
tween the Army and the National
Park Service.
Evening star., 1945-08-30

The net effect OF the new Pearl
Harbor reports which have been
made public is to add TO and intensi-
fly the confusion surrounding the
tragic and deplorable events which
eliminated in the disaster of De-
cember 7. 1941.
Before these reports and the ac-
companying statements had become
available there was rather wide
spread suspicion that "the truth
about Pearl Harbor" had been cov-
cred up. But after a reading of the
texts and the official comments on
them, a stronger suspicion arises
that no one knows the true facts
and that they will never become
known unless the officers involved
are given the privilege of public
trials.
A brief summary of what is dis
closed in these latest documents
would run like this: The Army's
board of inquiry, after an exhaustive
and apparently faithful investiga-
ton. has placed primary RESPONSE
bility on the commanding officers
at Hawaii-General Short and Ad-
mlral Kimmel. But this board also
contends that certain officials in
Washington were not blameless.
General Marshall, Chief of Staff, and
two OF his Subordinates being men,
toned specifically, and former Sec
retary of State Hull by implication.
This drew vigorous dissent from
Secretary of War StimSon, who said
that the criticism of General Mar
shall was entirely unjustified"-a
sentiment indorsed by President
Truman. Mr.. Stimson also said that
he strongly disagreed" with the i'm
piled criticism of Mr.. Hull, adding
that he thought the boards COM
ment in this respect was "uncalled
for and not within the scope of their
proper inquiry" Thus, there is pre-
sented the unusual spectacle of a
vigorous and critical military board
of inquiry being curbed and re-
buked by its civilian superiors.
The Navy's procedure was quite
different. It's court of inquiry was
cautiously critical of Admiral Stark,
then chief of naval operations,
on the ground that he failed
to display the sound judgment .ex-
pected of him" in that he did not
transmit certain important infor-
nation to Admiral Kimmel. Except
for this, however, the investigating
admirals found no basis for criti-
cism of anything done or left un-
done by any one connected with the
Navy, at Pearl Harbor or elsewhere,
and concluded their report in this
fashion: The court is of the opinion
that no offenses have been commit
ted nor serious blame incurred on
the part of any person or persons in
the naval service" This, however,
was decidedly not the opinion Of
Admiral King, present chief of ma
val operations, and Secretary of the
Navy Forrestal, the latter closing
his comment on the court of in
quiry's report with the blunt direc-
ton that neither Admiral Kimmel
nor Admiral Stark should ever hold
any position in the Navy which re-
quires the exercise of superior judg-
ment"
Evening star., 1945-08-30

Things won't be normal again for
a long time. That is another way of
saying that lot of people will con-
tinue to cultivate corns and bunions
standing in line at the doors of
already crowded restaurants.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Letters to The Star
Differing Opinions on Japanese

Differing Opinions on Japanese
And the Future Thereof
To the Editor Of Tie Star:
A recent letter initiated -. K. W.
gave this correspondent grave concern
Hirohito's feet Is unable to proceed
for surrender because of mine fields,
lack of staff to man the ships, and their
extremely damaged condition. The
Japanese air force has "been required
to pile up all its planes in specified air.
fields" and these are known to Gen.
Macarthur. Besides, that air force vir-
tually is impotent because of lack of
gasoline and pilots. The Emperor is
not now lin charge of powerful Often
sive weapons" for he has ordered the
surrender Of various army and navy
units, and these are the units which
control their respective air forces.
The Nipponese will not attack us while
occupying Japan. They will be most
sweet and servile all the time we are in
Japan until we are sick of it. Then, after
few years, when mothers yell loudly
enough for their sons return, and we
clear out, they will open Pandora's box
again-this time to work on atomic
bombs, bigger and better ones than we
have.
WALTER WHITLEY HUBBARD.
To the Editor of The Star:
Since we desire not the destruction
of our enemies SO much as their refor-
nation, many of us wonder whether
our leaders will see to it that really full
use is made of Hirohito in Fastening
the characterization of Japan-a coun-
try which in some 10 years developed
from feudal nation into front rank,
modern military power and which now
if properly handled, may develop from
a mllitariStic nation into stronghold
OF democracy in one generation.
After Hirohito has been made to do
all possible in bringing the japanese
people to accept defeat, and all that it
entails, he should be ordered to COM
mand the japanese people to open their
hearts and minds to the entire demo-
cractic doctrine which has brought
such victorious power to America.
1t has been pointed out that whereas
no democratic people ever destroys its
freedom knowingly, it is quite posi-
BILE for an autocracy to commit such
suicide of power" any time the auto
crat so chooses.
The difficulty, of course, lies in con-
vincing the autocrat that the people
can think better for themselves than
he can think for them. However. when
such divine" ruler as Hirohito is
compelled to take orders from his con-
querors. the problem would seem simple
enough, and even more practicable than
this hara-kiri. which is so popular in
Japan any way.
Probably our leaders are fully aware
OF all possibilities in this direction But
1t will not hurt for the public to keep
its leaders stimulated by showing that
1t is also we'll aware of the great oppor-
tunities which should be exploited.
BOILING SOMERVILLE.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Tongue-Tied
from the Edmonton journal.

From the Edmonton Journal.
A contemporary suggests that the de-
lay In the Japanese surrender was
merely DUE to their trying to think Of
the appropriate word for uncle
Evening star., 1945-08-30

Undoubtedly, Lincoln was correct
in believing that it is impossible to
fool all of the people all of the time.
Too many of them are out doing a
lot of fooling on their own account.
Evening star., 1945-08-30

That almost forgotten merry
chirp. Fill 'er up! Fill FER up," is
heard once more from that long
suffering bird, the A-motorist.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
Disagrees With Mr.. Ickes

To The Editor Of The Star.
Secretary Ickes in recent radio
broadcast said that President Harding
committed the crime of using the word
"normalcy," which then was In no die
tionary but has been put In since.
However, in q Webster's Dictionary
printed in 1916. page 1,4e9, this appears:
Normally, n. State or fact OF being
normal; as, the point Of normally"
That was four years before Harding was
elected President. Now who has COM
mitted crime?
Again, Mr.. Ickes, in the same broad
cast, disapproved of the word "redeploy."
The dictionary gives, "re-, Back, esp.
back to an original or former state or
position; .a So redeploy is correct.
GEORGE FREDERICK MILLER.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
One Way Traffic Illegal

To the Editor of The Star:
The picture in The Star of August 26,
of cars going only one way on the
Marlboro pike, to the race tracks, showed
something have never seen before.
Cars going only one way on both sides
OF the road block all traffic trying to
go in the opposite direction. This is
clear violation of driving regulations,
and an illustration of the laxiety of
police patrol in Maryland. Such vio-
lators of the law should have been ar
rested and fined. Those in such hurry
to get to the races should have started
early enough to keep to the right side
of the road.
The picture shows absolute lack of
consideration for other drivers who
might want to drive in the opposite
direction. H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star., 1945-08-30
The Moldayia Remembered

ne MoldaVla Remembered
To the Editor of The Star:
In recently published letter bv
James Dennison with respect TO whether
this war or World War was the better
run war, there was statement that in
World War I not a man was lost in
transport to Europe es-
But at 2:30 o'clock on the morning of
May %, 1918. between Lands End and
the Isle of Wight, the British armed
vessel Moldavia, carrying troops of the
lst Battalion, 5sth Infantry, 4th Di-
vision, was torpedoed by a German
submarine and sank shortly AFTER
ward About Sc of those troops were
killed by the explosion, or were drowned
The survivors were picked up by a de-
stroyer, from whose deck they cheered
the Moldavia as she sank beneath the
waves.
The 4th Division repaid the Bosche.
at least in part. in the Aisne- -Marne
offensive, st. Mihiel, and the Muese-
Argonne, and after the armistice went
on TO occupy part of the Rhineland.
There may have been other instances
OF losses of men in transport to Europe
but of the Moldavia I am certain. I
was member of the 4th in World War
I, and in April of this. year met one Of
the survivors at ceremonies at Airing
ton dedicating memorial to Gen.
Cameron and the men of the Ivy Di-
vision in World War I.
RADWAY r. GIBBS.
Americans Called Meddlers
To the Editor of The Star:
was intrigued by the advertisement
OF an open letter to Gen. de Gaulle
which appeared in The Star signed The
American Committee to Free Petain."
know large number of our Amer
leans have penchant for meddling in
foreign affairs, but this is the height of
all meddling. I've never heard of any,
thing so aSinine.
Why can't We stop being busybodies
and attend to our own business? But If
we must interfere with internal foreign
affairs, why not get up committee to
free Tyler Kent? At least, he is an
American. But perhaps there would
not be enough glory in that for our
professional meddlers.
KATHERINE WILLIAMS.
The Valley settler., 1945-10-05
TENsiON .NEAS \ l
PUBLIC LIBRARY MEETING

All people interested in estab- Ii shing a public library are asked naes ns ohans anod dag e e6soSeb eboa ae h in P.M. The meeting is called by a commit tee of the Romema kers Council who are promoting @ public library for Pa liner. Inves ti gations have already been made regarding require ments for it's estab1i shment. These will be presented to the group, and if enough interest is shown, steps will be. taken to f3em a permanent organization. Mrs. Clyde King is Cha rman of this commi t tee. @
 All men and women who are inter- ested in this communit ty project are urged to be present.
 UoMEN's ACHIEVEMENT DAY OCTOBER 2A
The Valley settler., 1945-10-05

All Achi evement Day wi Il be held Saturday Nov ember Sat 9 P.M. at the Palmer Community Hall. At this time pins and ava rds for the pro- ject work vii be pre- sented. Plans for the event were made at the 4-H Leader's Council meeting Monday evening.
The Valley settler., 1945-10-05
HoMEMAN7Rs COUNCIL MEETING

Plans for Achievement Day cons t tuted the chief bus inc ss at. the Homemakers Council meeting, Monday at the 3xtensi on Office.: Comm, tt ee chairman appointed included: Food: Hrs. Clyde King
 Program: Mrs. Don Irwin '-.. Serving: Mrs. L.P. Rorri s on Gle an Up: Mrs. Wm. Bouwens Room and Table De corat ions:
 Mrs. Martin Olson
 Cores spondence was read from llr and Mrs. Hugh Peter on expressing their appre ciation for the dinner served the ongreS stonal 7erritorte
 Hiss Ruth Havenor dis GU s'sed the T.B. situation In Alaska, @ nd lIr. Va 1ter Cooper dis cussed locker storage and answered. quest i ons regardin ng it's use. Il2 members were pre- s ent. ' "; All Ac!II NEMENT DAY
The Valley settler., 1945-10-05

The uomemakers Clubs of the. Valley will hold their a annual =. a achi ev elnent Day; "Wednesday octob er 24 at the Uni ted 'Prote stant Church 1arlors. The event, will begin at noon wit a lunche on fol lowed by a program of stunts and ente rtai nnen u Members of Homeniakers .C1ubs and their friends are invited. HoEEMAN3Rs CoUNCIt MEETING