davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-30
We Must Be Strono

In his address to the opening
session of the New York Herald
Tribune Forum, General Marshall
appealed earnestly to the American
people not to throw away the victory
which has been won in this war at
a price of one million men killed or
mutilated.
General Marshall's basic premise
was that the world of the future will
be run either by the cooperating
nations - the democracies - or by
the autocracies, and that, in the
last analysis, the stronger of the
two will dominate. Furthermore, he
believes, and, of course, he is right,
that world control can pass to the
democracies, through the instrument
of the United Nations Organization,
only If that agency is nurtured and
supported by strong United States.
It is because of this belief that the
Chief of Staff is so greatly concerned
to witness, in the United States,
rate of rehabilitation which "has
become, in effect, disintegration, not
only of the armed forces but appar-
emily of all conception of world
responsibility and what it demands
of U.S."
General Marshall is not opposed to
American rehabilitation as such.
That is necessary, desirable and
inevitable. But he does oppose, with
all the emphasis at his command,
the demobilization of our military
forces without at the same time
adopting some permanent military
policy which will provide the means
Of insuring our own security and
discharging our responsibilities to
the world.
Implying his belief that we are
already Sinking the responsibility
of the victory" General Marshall
declared that I'VE must somehow get
1t clear in our thinking that the
fulfllment of our responsibilities is
not some vague mumbo jumbo. It
requires positive action, effort and
sacrifice, and above all 1t is a con-
tinuing process" And then this
distinguished wartime leader asks:
"Are We once more to seek the easy
way out, to heed only the voice of
the minor obiector. the critic of So
called militarism, the proponent of
the selfish motive? Are we to waste
the victory and doom our children's
children to more years Of horror and
destruction?"
These and similar questions merit
the most careful consideration of the
American people, for the time is
close at hand when the fateful deci-
Evening star., 1945-10-30

which was adequate for our needs in
lS45 and has been becoming less ade-
quate to those needs ever since without
having been substantially altered.
That Is why the suggestions made last
week by Navy Secretary Forrestal seem
to the point. There will be required"
ne told the Senate Military Affairs Com
mittee, to meet our problems of the
future, the creation of a mechanism
within the Government which will guar
antee that this Nation shall be able to
act as unit in terms of its diplomacy,
It's military policy. its use of scientific
knowledge and finally in its moral and
political leadership of the world: A
leadership that shall rest on moral force
first and on physical force so long as
we shall need it."
He proceeded to outline plan for
such a mechanism. The central pro-
poSal OF this plan was for q National
Security Council, of which the Presi-
dent would be ex-oflicio the chairman.
and which would be composed OF the
Secretaries of State. War and Navy.
plus the chairman of body to be
known as the National Security Re-
sources Board, to deal with questions of
domestic machinery and planning. This
council would be permanent agency
OF the Government, with its status and
responsibilities fixed by law. It would
have permanent secretariat. It would
work closely with the Joint Chiefs of
Stan, who would be its military ad-
visers: their duties and responsibilities
should be defined by statute, which Is
not now the case.
This Is a plan which makes sense
It begins coordination of our security
policy at the top. 1t provides the Presi-
dent with an advisory and planning
agency composed of those who, In their
individual capacities, are responsible for
the execution Of policy. It will be nec-
essary whether or not We have other
changes whether or not, for example,
We have unified Department Of the
Armed Forces. and whether or not we
have separate Air Force.
It might very well provide suf1cient
degree Of unification and coordination
in such matters as national strategy
and even the security budgets as to
eliminate the most forceful arguments
for unification Of the service depart
ments, while avoiding the disadvantages
OF such unincation.
tCopyrisht 1s45.D
Evening star., 1945-10-30

sion must be reached. 1t cannot be
postponed indefinitely. Within a
matter probably of a few months
we will determine whether we are to
heed advice in the pattern of that
which was responsible for our la
mentable weakness when the ag-
gressors began the bloody march
which has just ended-a march
which probably would never have
been started had the United States
been stronger whether we will
listen to the experienced and dis
interested counsel OF men like Gen
eral Marshall. After two costly wars,
is it possible that we ever again can
be made to believe that there is any
security in weakness?
Evening star., 1945-10-30
Policy and Power
BY Maj. George FIELDING Eliot

This Government needs a means Tor
maintaining just balance between
policy and power in much the same
way as successful business organiza-
ton must maintain a balance between
sales and production.
II you have an aggressive sales policy
which gets orders, but are unable to
produce the goods to fill those orders,
you will 60 broke.
If you have highly efficient plant
which produces plenty of goods. but no
means of selling them, you will like
wise go broke.
You cannot concentrate on one to the
neglect of the other. To maintain
balance between production and sales is
the function of management. 1t is not
easy to do this: and the bigger the busi-
ness the harder the task of the balance
wheel. That is why good corporation
presidents can command large salaries
In government the situation is a little
different in detail, but similar In char
acter.
You cannot have an aggressive foreign
policy unless you have the power to
back it up, for without power your
policy wilt be disregarded by your asso-
ciates. This Is sad, but 1t is true.
But II you have power without a
policy, your power is wasted; you are not
getting any comparable return for your
expenditure.
Diplomacy has been well called "the
art OF the possible" 1t Is something like
sales policy In this respect. But it is
military policy which sets the limits of
possibility, just as production sets these
limits for sales policy.
The basis OF the foreign policy Of the
United States today Is the prevention of
another world war. This is a positive,
not negative policy: 1t reaches out
across the whole world, watchful and
alert, seeking to strengthen our ties
with other nations while maintaining
vigilance against possible sources Of
danger. It's ultimate aim must be 4
dependable worldwide organized peace.
Until that has been attained we must
retain to some extent our freedom OF
action and power to act, Ii need be, for
our own security and that OF our neigh
bors. 1t Is . critical period through
which we are now living. The mainte-
nance Of q just balance between policy
and power has never been 80 necessary,
But we do not have the necessary
machinery for doing this. We are try
ing to conduct our affairs In this hair-
trigger world OF l945 with machinery
Evening star., 1945-10-30
Pie to Come Buck, Too
BY David Laurence
Prom the New York Herald Tribune.

Prom the New York Herald Tribune
One is not surprised to hear from res
taurant and hotel managements that
returned soldiers have q yen for apple
pie. From the time Of Ralph Waldo
Emerson to Eugene Field, apple pie, with
or without cheese, has been mans dish.
In late years, masculine pie eaters have
grieved, We think, to see mild femi-
nizing OF pastry give vogue to such
weaknesses in pies as lemon chiffon or
banana cream. For your true apple pie
fan. 1t appears, looks upon all such pies
as ephemeral absurdities, and he may
be seen glumly eating rice pudding TO
avoid them
Evening star., 1945-10-30
The Political Mill
Bp Gould Lincoln

The National Labor MANAGEMENT
Conference which opens here November
S has the opportunity to be really
constructive peace conference. 1t was
originally called to lay down long range
policies promoting industrial peace.
Much depends on the spirit in which
the representatives of labor and indus
try approach the task. II there is a
willingness to see the other fellows
points, to confer with minds not fast
closed, the 80 members of the coming
conference may accomplish a great deal
for domestic peace.
The proposed agenda for the confer
ence, unanimously approved by the Pre-
paratory and Agenda Committee, in it
self gives hope that the coming con-
ference will be able to do business
While the committee did not undertake
to exclude discussion of full employ
ment, wages and hours and legislation
amending the labor laws-all topics of
immediate interest in the industrial
world-it did specify seven main topics
TO be discussed
The unanimous approval of the pro-
posed agenda means that William
Green, president of the American Fed
Grafton Of Labor. and Philip Murray,
president of the Congress of Industrial
Organizations, express a willingness to
discuss such topics as, for example, The
extent to which industrial disputes can
be minimized by full and genuine ac-
ceptance by organized labor of the in
herent right and responsibilities of
management to direct the operation of
an enterprise.
1t means also that approval was given
by Eric Johnson, president of the United
States Chamber of Commerce, and Ira
Mosher, president of the National Asso-
citation of Manufacturers, to the discus
sion of the extent to which industrial
disputes can be minimized by full and
genuine acceptance by management of
collective bargaining in every instance
where workers choose to organize to
bargain collectively on questions of
wages, hours and working conditions y
The leaders of labor and management
on the committee also agreed unani-
mously to examine the extent to which
industrial disputes can be minimized by
provisions incorporated in collective
bargaining agreements such as ''the
policy that once an agreement has been
signed, no strikes or lockouts shall
take place while it Is in force, but that
disputes shall be settled between parties
by other means provided in the contract.
Evening star., 1945-10-30
This Changing World
By Constantine BroiDn

took either directly from the Japanese
or was being handed over to them by
the nberating Russian forces In Man.
churia and Inner Mongolia, rushed two
route armies and took possession OF i'm
portant railway centers and ports such
as Chefoo.
When the central government troops
arrived on the scene they were received
with small arms and artillery fre.
Large scale skirmishes took place.
Chang asked Communist Leader Mao
to withdraw his men from the railway
centers. This request is still being dis
regarded. In some vital centers, such as
Tiensin, American Marines were dis
patched to take over from the japanese
The Communists were not strong enough
to oppose the American forces with
arms, but minor local skirmishes oc-
CURED between the Marines and the
Yenan forces.
The Russian government, which had
signed 30-year treaty with the central
government, sided indirectly with the
Yenan government. Not only did II
supply the Communist forces with
AO0ClA CAulRulCht put ~ dlcO lClu6CO
to permit the landing of Chungking
troops at Port Arthur and Dairen In
contrayention Of the terms Of the
Moscow treaty.
Genefalissimo Chang is willing to
form a government in which the Com
munists are given important positions,
and is said to desire real accord with
the Yenan group. But he Is determined
to prevent their forces from establishing
themselves in key strategic positions in
the liberated areas of China until full
collaboration between the two factions
has been achieved.
The American government is pledged
to assist the legitimate Chinese govern
ment with war material which it has
right to purchase from this country
and air, land and sea transportation to
shift its troops to the liberated areas.
The Soviet government also has for
mally recognized the Chungking govern
ment, with which it has established, on
paper sc least, friendly relations. But
according to reports from American
military observers all over China. it Is
giving Chiang's rival moral and material
support at the same time
Evening star., 1945-10-30
Liquidotinq Jopun's F. O.

General MacArthur'S order isolat-
ing Japan automatically is one of
the most decisive and far-reaching
steps yet taken in the process of
liquidating the old order and pre-
pairing the ground for a new Japan
on a profoundly different basis.
Acting "at the direction of the Al
lied powers" the general orders the
japanese government to transfer all
It's diplomatic and consular property
and archives throughout the world
to Allied powers, to recall its diplo-
matte and consular representative
In neutral countries, and to cease
all functions with foreign govern
ments except for routine matters.
This practically abolishes both the
Japanese Foreign Office and the
Japanese diplomatic service, cuts
all official ties with the outside
world, and renders impossible the
formulation or continuance of any
foreign policy.
The implications of this sweeping
directive are clear. In the last
analysis, 1t means that, for the time
being at any rate, Japan is not a
sovereign state. One of the ele-
mentary attributes of national SOW
reignty is the right to maintain Dip
lomatic relations with all other SOW
reign entities. This right is freely
acknowledged for even the weakest
and most backward members OF the
comfy of nations. In the contem-
plation of the victorious Allies,
Japan has forfeited its sovereign
status, which is held in abeyance at
the Allies good will and pleasure.
Basically, this puts Japan in the
same category with Germany. OF
course, Germany is militarily occu-
pied and run in it's entirety by the
Allies, while in Japan only key
points are under military occupa-
ton and a native regime functions
throughout the country for admin
istrative purposes. However, this
regime is not government" in the
full sense of the word. Rather 1t Is
the instrument of the Allies, who
use 1t as the most efficient method
Evening star., 1945-10-30
The Victory Loon

The Victory Loan drive now under
way in the District and the Nation at
large will not have the stimulus Of
the sense of urgency prevailing be-
fore We day and VI day. but 1t is
as important as any of the great
and successful War Bond drives OF
the immediate past. An enormous
amount OF money must still be
raised to meet the extraordinary ex-
penditures called for by the transi-
ton to peace. The occupation of
Germany and Japan, the transporta-
ton of discharged veterans, the care
of the wounded and disabled. mus
tering-out pay for the millions being
demobilized, the huge outlays in
volved in terminating munitions
contracts to speed reconversion -
these are some of the costs that must
be met, and the best way they can
be met Is by all-out public bond
buying.
A Nationwide quota of eleven bill
lion dollars has been fixed for the
new drive, with the Districts share
set at $85, ,000, 900, Of which $42, 900 900
will be sought in sales to individuals.
Emphasis is placed on the latter not
only because every American should
play a part-no matter how small
in keeping faith with those who
fought for a better world, but also
because the more individual pur-
chases there are, the less will be the
likelihood of skyrocketing infia-
ton. Apart from its other purposes,
the Victory Loan is specifically de-
signed to serve as weapon against
the excess Of purchasing power over
the supply of goods and services now
available-an excess of some thirty
billion dollars that can gravely en-
danger the price structure unless a
good part of it is absorbed by savings
in the form of Victory Bonds.
AS Secretary Vinson has made
clear, the Victory Loan thus offers
all OF us an opportunity not merely
to show a small measure of appre-
citation to those who did so much for
us in the war. but also to make a
prof1table investment for our own
material well-being. 1t is such a
good opportunity that the quota
both for the District and the country
as a whole ought to be readily at
tained, II not oversubscribed.
Evening star., 1945-10-30

for carrying out their directives. It
has neither will nor initiative Of Its
own. For such regime, foreign
relations are obviously as anachron-
istic as they are undesirable from
the Allied point of view. The I'M
perial Japanese Foreign Offlce and
diplomatic service was as much q
major organ of the empires agrees
sive imperialism as was the imperial
general staff and the armed serv-
ices. All those have been abolished.
The diplomatic organization should
follow suit.
Evening star., 1945-10-30
New Crisis in Chino

Current news dispatches from
China do not make cheerful reading
They all depict a rapid worsening of
the situation there, which Is by no
means confined to fresh hostilities
between the Kuomintang govern
ment and the Communists but which
also involves tension in Kuomin-
tang-Soviet relations and an exacer-
baton of economic difficulties. The
overall picture is in sharp contrast
to the hopeful outlook only a few
weeks ago. when the end of the war
with Japan conceded with the Sino-
Soviet treaty and Kuomintang- Com
munist negotiations for a definite
understanding between the rival
factions.
just what is happening inside
China is not yet clear, because Kuo-
mintang and Communist reports are
sharply at variance. The Commu-
nists claim that large-scale fighting,
involving nearly 100000 troops, has
spread over IL provinces in Northern
and North Central China, portend-
ing formal break in open civil war.
Chungking declares those reports to
be greatly exaggerated, but does not
deny that hoStilities are occurring
and blames the Communists for
heightened aggressiveness in atti-
tude and conduct. The logical de-
duction is that no immediate likeli-
hood Of an understanding between
them can be expected.
1t Is interesting to speculate to
what degree these increased fac
tional clashes are due to the diff
culties which have arisen between
Chungking and Moscow. That there
is connection is well nigh certain.
Sino-Soviet points of friction are ap-
pearing all the way from Manchuria
to Sinkiang. The Sino-Soviet treaty
provided for MoScow's acknowledge
ment of Chinese sovereignty over
Manchuria, with certain Russian
railway and port rights. But Chinese
officials and troops are debarred
entry. while Russian military au-
thorities are stripping Manchuria of
its industrial equipment and other
wise acting as masters of the coun-
try. Another trouble spot is Inner
Mongolia, to be distinguished from
Outer Mongolia, which has long been
under Russian control and which has
just voted its independence of China
by a plebiscite provided for in the
Sino-Soyiet treaty. Inner Mongolia,
however, has continued to remain
technically part of China, though for
years under japanese occupation.
Here, again, Kuomintang reoccupa-
ton is repeatedly hindered by Chi
nese Communists and by agents
from Outer Mongolia working for a
union between the two provinces,
of course under Russian control.
Finally, there has been fresh trouble
In Sinkiang or Chinese Turkestan
between the local Chinese authori-
ties and the rebellious Moslem
tribesmen equipped from Outer
Mongolian or Russian sources.
In its growing difficulties. Chung
king Is hampered by bad economic
conditions and imitation, which the
end OF the japanese war have not
allayed. Seeking to alleviate these
economic difficulties. the Kuomin-
tang government is negotiating with
Washington for a trade treaty. de-
signed to facilitate Chinas postwar
Utilization.
Evening star., 1945-10-30
Objects to Military Titles


AS Johnny comes marching trium-
phantly home, who will begrudge him
any compensation out of governmental
Golfers which equity may dictate? Who
will shout "liar!" when he fights again
reminiscently an apochryphal battle on
Canal or at Casinos heights? Who
will say him nay if he wants to raise
little Old Harry at the veterans re-
union?
Certainly not John @. ("Average")
Citizen.
But something ought to be done
about" this carrying Of military titles
into the civilian life of our good old de-
mocracy. The burden is staggering,
what with all these bemuftied colonels
and majors. tThe lieutenant usually
forgets IT'D
Pity, for example, the poor telephone
company if its directory must continue
to print the appellations of rank be-
slowed at the rate Of dime dozen
during the fracas recently so gorgeously
concluded
One is reminded Of the German who
received doctors degrees from three uni
versities and had his calling cards en-
graved: "Doktor Doktor Doktor Hans
Won Reichenbach.n
CECIL j. WILKINSON,
Editor Of the Rainbow (Division) Rev.
ellie in World War I,
Evening star., 1945-10-30
Success Of d Sort

From the st Louis Post-pispatch.
Former Premier Tojo's wife is now de-
scribed rs the secret OF his success. As
We get 1t, q sort OF First Lady Macbeth
Evening star., 1945-10-30

Nautical note-Many a trim little
craft went sailoring on Navy Day in
many a port where the feet was In.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-27
DeGduNe Due
At FDR Tomb

WASHINGTON. Aug. 25 (INS)
Gen. Charles De Gaulle today
winds up his visit to Washington
while talks on Franco-American
collaboration continue at the state
department and the economic
agencies.
In the three days of his stay,
observers believed, the
towering military resistance
leader has increased his stature
also in the political field.
Whether this will carry over
into the work of establishing a
satisfactory working arrangement
for relief, rehabilitation and re-
construction for his suffering land
is yet to be seen.
While De Gaulle proceeds TO
Hyde Park TO visit President
RooSevelt's tomb and then jour-
neyS on to Chicago and Canada,
talks will continue on the lower
levels on those problems.
De Gaulle Is expected TO return
TO Washington later when he and
President Truman will pass on the
decisions of their Subordinates and
probably announce what agree
ments have been made.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-27
angels
TOBelS
In Japan

WASHINGTON, Aug. 25 QNS)
Developments in the scheduled
occupation of Japan indicated to-
day that the famous Eleventh
Army Airborne Division. known as
The Angels" would spearhead
American forces into the enemy
homeland.
Outstanding candidate for the
honor of leading marine occupa-
tion forces ashore into japan was
the Fourth Marine Regiment Of
the Sixth Division.
Other army units probably will
be comprised of outfits from the
Tenth Army, of Okinawa fame,
which included the 77th. Seventh,
96th and 27th Divisions.
Early occupation units are ex-
pected to stay in Japan only a
brief time, because they are COM
prised of veterans of many Pacific
campaigns who are scheduled for
discharge as soon as conditions
permit.
In addition to the Fourth Ma
rines it was considered probable
that elements of the Second,
Fourth and Fifth Marine Divisions
were to be used 10 occupy certain
zones in the Jap homeland if
necessary.
Detroit evening times., 1945-08-27
Army TO Cancel
Poultry Orders

WASHINGTON, Aug. 25 (UP)
Secretary of Agriculture Clin-
ton Anderson within few
days, will cancel orders which
have frozen the biggest share Of
poultry production in n states for
the armed forces.
The end of this far-reaching
army-buying program will also
write finis to one of the nations
most flourishing black markets.
At its height a few months ago
black market sales took an es-
timated Is per cent Of the civilian
share of poultry. Black mar
keteers are said to be still seeHr-
ing the countryside with offers of
So a head for tough Old laying
hens"
The army has been buying
about 100000 pounds of poultry
each week, causing the acute
shortage felt by New York, Phila-
delphia. Washington and other big
eastern cities.