davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-09
Double Legal Standard

The processes by which five men,
bers of the Supreme Court arrived at
the conclusion that they should set
aside the conviction of R. J. Thomas,
president of the United Automobile
Workers Union, for violating Texas
law requiring the registration of
paid union organizers are obscure to
the layman.
For purposes of testing the law,
and Mr.. Thomas stated that his
object was to test 1t, he put himself
in the position of a paid organizer.
After much advance publicity he
went to Texas to address meeting
OF prospective union members. He
issued a general invitation to all
present to join the union, and he
specifically and personally solicited
one man to join. This was to lay
a foundation for his arrest, and
subsequent test of the right of the
State of Texas to require union
organizers to register and identify
themselves, Mr.. Thomas view being
that the State had no right to i'm
pose such requirement.
The majority members of the
court devoted twenty pages to the
exposition of their views. They never
got right down to the point of saying
whether Texas could or could not
require union organizers to register,
although the final implication was
that in proper case the require
ment would be upheld But in the
case of Mr.. Thomas the court ad-
vanced several arguments, some of
which were never raised by the
union leader, in support of the be-
lief that his conviction could not be
sustained. Principal among these
was the fact that Texas, instead of
waiting for Mr.. Thomas to violate
the law and then proceeding against
him under the statute, issued an in
junction in advance of the speech
forbidding him to violate the law.
Since the State officials, at that time,
could not have known what he was
going to say or do, the court took, the
view that this amounted to the i'm
position of previous restraint on
his right to make speech. And on
this ground. with others of lesser
significance, the conviction was set
aside. That means that the ques-
ton whether a State, in other cir
cumstances, can require the registra-
ton of union organizers must await
future determination.
An interesting and important by
product OF the case is a point of view
set forth by Associate Justice Jackson
in concurring majority opinion.
Il must admit" said he, that in
overriding the findings of the Texas
court we are applying to Thomas
rule the benefit of which in all its
breadth and vigor this court denies
to employers in National Labor Re-
lations Board cases."
In other words, Justice Jackson is
saying that the court has imposed
double legal standard-one rule
for employers, another rule for union
organizers. And despite the dis
~
Evening star., 1945-01-09
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Republican National Chairman Her
bert Brownel, jr, has proposed that
COP members Of Congress join in
legislative program on which the national
committee will inform the country. It's
good idea If it can be worked. In the
first place 1t would put the Republican
party in an affirmative, not merely a
negative, position. In the second place,
1t is possibility that a Republican,
sponsored measure might actually be
adopted with the aid of some Democrats.
Republican leaders in Congress are in
clined to resent any suggestion that the
party has not gone on record affirma-
lively during the last dozen years of
Roosevelt rule. The Republicans in Con-
gress have proposed legislation of their
own, and they often have offered sub
stitutes for administration measures. At
most, however, this has been a piece
meal proceeding What Mr.. Brownell
apparently has in mind is a series of
legislative proposals, welded together as
a party program, upon which the Re-
publicans, through the national commit
tee as a propaganda agency, can go to
the country. Such a program could be
added to as additional issues crop up.
The Republicans in recent Congresses
have gone to the mat for some important
measures. For example, they worked
for ay-as-you-go tax-and ultimately
were influential in forcing a compro-
mise, the present law. 1t was a House
Republican, Representative Wadsworth
OF New York, who sponsored the pres
ent Se!ective Service Act.
~
There is one issue OF future national
defense upon which the Republicans
again have opportunity to take positive
stand, If they wish. That is the pro-
posal for so-called universal military
training. Here again Mr.. Wadsworth
has taken the lead with a definite bill
on the subject calling for years mill
tary training for boys as they become
ID years of age. A similar bill was in
troduced last year by Senator Gurney
OF South Dakota, Republican. In
recent days I have talked with a number
OF Republican members of the House
who say they are in favor of such law.
Representative Joe Martin of Massa-
chusetts, the Republican leader of the
House, however, recently was quoted as
saying that he did not believe military
training law should be hurried through
at this time, that 1t could not go into
effect until after the war Is over Mr..
Evening star., 1945-01-09

oped region with excellent roads and
rail lines. Fighting here will be
radically different from the jungle
combats hitherto waged against the
japanese. Large-scale mechanized
warfare will be possible, facilitated
by the dry season which is now on
IN Western Luzon. Much the same Is
true OF operations from the south
ward. Thus the Philippine campaign
should be judged by European stra-
tegic and tactical standards. It
will be modern" warfare in most
respects.
Evening star., 1945-01-09
Mr.. Dickmun

A long and distinguished career in
public service ended when John B.
Dickman, senior, died at eighty-f1ve.
He had made profession of being
OF practical use to his fellows
wherever his talents could be of
avail. The fields in which he labored
were many and various. He was
leader by instinct, courageous yet
wise, brave yet profoundly rational.
The methods which he employed
were conciliatory IN their character.
Thus 1t happened that even in crit
ical emergencies he was able to gain
important results by processes of
negotiation. His influence, especially
in the publishing industry, was
constructive force whose value it
would be difficult to overestimate.
The explanation of Mr.. Dickman's
success undoubtedly lay In the fact
that friendship was part of his reli-
gion. He entertained from first to
last brotherly feeling for people.
All of his endeavors were social in
their nature. In the printing trade,
in organized labor activity, in local
community enterprises of every
helpful sort, he was in truth
benefactor.
Such a man inevitably is missed
when he goes. Mr.. Dickman will be
remembered for what he did and for
what he meant in Washington and
in the Nation at large. His friends
rejoice in having known him, and
multitude Of his contemporaries who
did not have the privilege Of personal
acquaintance with him, yet were
familiar with his interests and
achievements, join with them in
Anal tribute of appreciation.
Evening star., 1945-01-09
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0vn

Military quarters still view the situa-
ton on the western front as. full Of po-
tential dangers.
While the forces under Field Marshal
Montgomery are COMPRISING the Bel
gian bulge and have succeeded In mar
rowing the corridor, little Is known Of
how much armor Field Marshal Won
Rundstedt may have pulled out or where
he may make his next important attack.
At this time the German forces in
7th and French 1st Armies. Military
observers cannot see what advantage
the Germans may derive out Of an ALL
out offensive in that area. When Gen.
Eisenhower began his drive against the
Siegfried Line in November, 1t was
necessary to have powerful anchors in
the north and the south to turn the
German lines eventually.
But SO far as the Germans are con-
cerned they can gain nothing more than
certain amount OF territory and pres
tige from their present offensive. And
to most military observers 1t appears
doubtful whether such moral successes
can compensate for the loss in men and
material the action must involve.
Gen. Alexander M. Patch's 7th Army
forces can withdraw quite distance to
the southeast without losing any i'm
portant strategic advantage. The war
has reached stage when actual terri
torial gains mean little unless they
threaten the lines of communication
and supply Of either forces.
i +
Because Of this consideration the ac-
tions Of the Germans north of Aachen
and particularly between Venlo and
Arnhem are worth watching. The
British I'd and Canadian 1st Armies
are stationed there and are now guard
ing the approaches to the Allies really
vital knot of communications, the port
OF Antwerp. According to official an
nouncements, some elements of the
British ID Army have been dispatched
to support the drive against the bulge.
1t Is probable, however, the British re-
serves have been sent to replace the
Evening star., 1945-01-09

avowals by other members Of the
court, 1t is perfectly evident that
he is right. To protect Mr.. Thomas
right of free speech, the Supreme
Court will search the whole record,
advance points that he has not
raised, and go behind the findings
of the Texas court. But when the
NLRB-on the basis of some evidence
says that an employer has used the
right of free speech to interfere with
his employees, the court turns away
and says that it will not go behind
the boards findings. That amounts
to the adoption of a double standard
of justice, and 1t is undermining the
prestige Of the Supreme Court.
Evening star., 1945-01-09
Nazi Offensive Doomed
By Maj. Georee Eieldine Eliot

An offensive operation which seeks to
achieve decision by penetrating hos
tile front must be launched with great
superiority OF power, and must be able
to draw upon fresh reserves continually
until it has achieved its objective.
AN attack on the enemys front" !"
writes Col. Foertsch of the German gen.
eral staff C'The Art of Modern War
fare"), will be the most difficult to carry
through. If 1t is to lead to success, it
must continue as a break through the
enemy's lines, and thus artificially create
the advantages that are inherent in a
flank attack from the beginning. i"
The first effect Of frontal attack will,
IN the majority of cases, be only to push
back the hostile front for certain dis
tance, and 1t will not be able to attain
an early decision. I" = : A victorious issue
can only be expected If the superiority
OF the offensive forces is overwhelmingly
great. Such frontal offensive must
launch its power from its depths, and
keep it up. "A penetration requires
great depth in Its setup since it Is neces-
sary not only to tear open the front of
the adversary, but to keep open the hole
that has been torn, to extend it, and to
continue the operations against the new
wings and f1anks that have been created,
It is only thus that penetration can
be successful, for in itself it does not
contain, the possibility Of strategic
victory"
Field Marshal Gen. Ritter Won Leeb,
one Of the ablest of German Army COM
manders, writes in his admirable little
book, Defense:
Every attacker knows that against an
organized defensive front, be it in a
war OF movement or q war of position,
only an attack led with force and ar
ticulated in depth has any prospect of
breaking through"
quote German authorities because
we are here considering q German
initiated operation carried out by Ger
man professional soldier (Von Rund-
stedt) who was brought up In the same
school OF professional thought as Won
Leeb and Foertsch, and who IS actuated
by the same fundamental ideas Of war
fare.
Since the additional German reserves
TO- widen the breach and roll up the
artif1ciany created TANKS have not made
their appearance, 1t Is clear (un1ess such
reserves do appear very soonl that this
attack IN the Ardennes was not "articu-
alted ia depth: that It does not have
behind II sufficient reserves of power to
extend It's penetration and roll up the
artincially created TANKS Of the Allied
armies. Il must, therefore. b con-
sidered rather - great raid, intended
Tor temporary eject Bnly. This eject
Evening star., 1945-01-09
Everybody Laughed
From the Independence Reporter

From the Independence Reporter
Senator Mead Of New York observed
IN Senate committee study Of Army
ordnance relations with automobile
manufacturers that "the American au-
tomobile industry Is the best in the
world, but they ought to take care OF
that bumper problem" and do some
thing to get free from automobile
bumpers that lock with other bumpers
instead OF bump. To which Senator
Ferguson Of the great automobile manu-
featuring State Of Michigan replied by
asking: How do you expect them TO
sell tenders II they do that5" And every
body hushed-as maybe youEtl. tool
Evening star., 1945-01-09

might have been very great II it had
been possible for the attack, with its
advantage of local tactical surprise, to
crash through to Liege or to the supply
area of the 1st United States Army
between Lege and Aachen. But this
success was denied it by the swift re-
action of the 1st Army, and now its
Nfanks have been contained by the rapid
regrouping of the Allied forces, and the
area OF penetration, instead of expand
ing, is being compressed.
This regrouping and its results consti-
tute, as Field Marshal Sir Bernard l..
Montgomery pointed out in his press
conference on Sunday, very capable
and well-handled bit of staff work on
the part Of Allied supreme headquarters
and the army group and army head
quarters Immediately concerned. For
example, with the signal communica-
tions north and south through Luxem-
bourg temporarily severed and with the
possible extent of the German penetra-
ton westward as yet undetermined the
18th Army group headquarters of Lieut..
Gen. Bradley was cut off from two of
It's three army headquaters-the 1st and
9Th. These two armies, In order that
their operations should be co-ordinated,
had to pass under the operational COM
mand OF the only army group remain
ing north OF the area of penetration:
the 21st Army group of Field Marshal
Montgomery. The transfer seems to
have been effected smoothly and swift
", and Montgomery then proceeded
to move elements of the British I'd Army
right across the supply area of the
LIST and 9th United States Armies and
brought the British troops into action
on the American 1st Army's southern
flank.
This is excellent evidence Of the calm
thinking and cool performance with
which the Allied commanders met the
German shock. It reflects the highest
possible credit not only on the personal
leadership Of Eisenhower, Montgomery,
Bradley and the army commanders; it
is also evidence Of the extraordinary ef-
ficiency of the Anglo-American team
work which has been the foundation
stone Of EisenhoWer's exercise Of COM
mand IN the European theater of oper-
ations. Here we have again in action
the old winning team, the team which
brought US victory in North Africa, in
Sicily and in Normandy; the team
which Dwight D. Eisenhower organ
lied, trained and welded into the tre-
mendous instrument Of power which Is
now laundering ut the western gates
OF Fortress Germany.
fcsSyrisht 1e4Sl
Evening star., 1945-01-09

Now you cannot get even one unit
OF gas till your tank is less than one
quarter full. Then you use that
amount to hunt station that may
have some gas. Then you put the
car up and, as you ride the bus or
streetcar, you can divert yourself by
counting over your now = no good
rationing stamps.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
RE,SICNATI0u OFpERKINSIS
 UNACCEpTED

WASHINGTON, Jan. "A. IT The resignation of Frances Perkins has been turned down by President Roosevelt and she will continue to be Secretary of Labor, it is learned authoritatively
 Difficulty in selecting candidate from the ranks of labor acceptable to both the AFL and CIO is gen. orally given as the reason for her continued tenure in office in face of her expressed desire to quit.
 Frances Perkins formally submit ted her resignation soon after the election but the President orally refused to accept it shortly after his inauguration.
 Frances Perkins served New York State as Labor Commissioner for B years before appointmnet to the Cabinet in 1883 and has been under fire throughout most of her stay in Washington.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
BUS!NE5SMANIS
 NEEDED T0HEAD
 REC SAYS JONES
Fired Secretary Proper Administration Up fo
 Congress

WASHINGTON, Jan. 24 = Jesse Jones, fired as Secretary of Com merce to make room for former Vice-President Henry A. Wallace, said here today the question before Congress is not where the Recon struction Fin anc Corporation powers are to be located, but, the proper character of their admin iStration."
 The Texan made his assertion in a statement prepared for the Sen- ate Commerce Committee, which is considering a bill authored by Senate George to remove the REC and it's tremendous lending powers from the Commerce Department and re-establish lending agencies under independent control. Wallace is to testify tomorrow.
 "The man who is given the vast responsibilities contained in the REC Act should be a man of proven sound business experience, D Jones said. He should be a man who will attract to him men of sound judgement and business knowledge gained through experi- ence in business
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24

 WILL BACK
 PEACE ACT
Sixteen SoIons Tell FOR They Will Back World
 Organization

WASHINGTON, Jan. 24-Sixteen new members of the U. s. Senate advised the President they would back formation of a United Nations organization to preserve world peace.
 The 10 Democrats and six Re- publicans got together on their own initiative and sent an assur- ance letter to the White House They comprise the new Senate membership in the Seventy Ninth Congress.
 They wished the President suc- cess at his conference with Stalin and Churchill. The freshmen Sen- ators said we believe this govern ment should use all reasonable means to assure our allies and other nations we intend to share in the direction and responsibilities for settlement of this war and maintenance of peace"
 They suggested further agree ment among the major Allies be concluded as soon as possible to demilitarize Germany and keep it demilitarized."
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
REPORT ON
 WAR GIVEN
 CONG RESS
Meeting Secret But Mem bers Say War LegisIa-
 tion Not Mentioned

WASHINGTON, Jan. 24-Heads of the armed forces today made a secret war report to Congress. Hackers promptly claimed big boost was made for national service legislation.
 The meeting is an annual event, started last year. Members that attended heard talks by Gen. George c. Marshall, Adm. Ernest King. Secretary of the Navy For restal, and Secre ary of War Stimson.
 Speaker Sam Rayburn told re- porters that after a three-hour session a meeting is bound to have considerable psychological effect on the current. drive for work, fight or jair' legislation.
 According to those attending none of the speakers mentioned the leg is l tion, but Representative Wadsworth, enc of the leading ad- vocates of national service pro- posals, said it didn't hurt"
 Wadsworth and others said the talks dealt primarily with the pro- gress of the war, stresslng the need of an all-out war effort.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
Dies Committee Just
 Refuses 10 Die; Wils
 Keep Going and How
By JACK sTINNETT

WASHINGTON, Jan 24 - This was to be the streamlined Congress. So what happens? The House is no more than sworn ia when it adds another standing committee to the AT that already are tripping over each others feet.
 It is, of course, the old "Dies" committee to investigate un-Ameri- can activities.
 The establishment of the commit tee, in perpetuity, came in the same session that A. s. Mike" Monroney D-Oka), put into the hopper amendments clarifying the activities of the special committee set up under the Maloney- -Monroney bill to study the modernization and stream- lining of Congress.
 Establishing the committee as permanent group was neat par liamentary trick engineered by that willy parliamentarian from Tupelo, Miss, bushy-haired John E. Rankin.
 Parliamentary experts on the Hlu couldn't recall that any such con- mittee had ever been established by setting aside the rules, circumvent- ing hearings and ramming through vote with no more than cursory debate.
 Rankin's measure originally was
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
MANY JApS DIE IN ATTEMPT TO
 TAKE HILLSIDE

MYITKYINA, Burma, Jan. 24- A roadblock, established by the American "Mars Task Force" on the old Burma Road, about 30 miles south of Lashio, has become a Japanese death mill.
 The enemy, for the sixth straight day, sent small forces up the steep hill against strong American posi- tions. Scores of Japanese died along the mountain slopes in persistent attempts to dislodge American in fantry and artillery units, under command of Brig Gen. John Wiley
 Up to yesterday, an artillery am- bush had killed more than $50 Japanese retreating southward.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
JAP ISLANDS ST K LUCK BY MANY PLANES
Carrier Force Aircraft Hit 0kinawa, $50 Miles
 from Japan

UNITED STATES FIG FLEET HEADQUARTERS, PEARL HARBOR, Jan. 24.-Admiral Will liam 4. Halsey's Third Fleet carrier force, prowling in Japanese territory all this month, sent planes to blast OkinaWa Island and Ryukyus Island on Sunday.
 Admiral Chester w. Nimitz said details had, as yet, not come con- corning this fourth strike so far in January against Okinawa, only $50 miles south of the Japanese main land.
 The Tokyo radio in an uncon- firmed report that Naval raiders were hitting Okinawa Sunday, said $50 carrier-based aircraft attacked harbors and airfields for nine hours. The enemy claimed 40 raiders were downed and 34 damaged.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-01-24
The W aShinqton Merry Go Round
By DREW PEARSON Gt Col. Robert s. Allen now on active service with the Army)

WASHINGTON Franklin D. Roosevelt began his fourth term as President of the United States, two great problems to the exclusion of almost all others are on his mind Whining the war as quickly as possible, and 3, winning the peace after the war.
 Many of those close to the Presi- dent say his concentration on these problems is so intense that when they are settled he would like to step out and retire to the peace and quiet of Hyde Park.
 Roosevelt's absorption with things military and diplomatic, his veering away from things domestic is the most important basic change in the 12 long years since 1933
 In the days before the war he met with scores of politicians, economists, business leaders. Even ings after dinner in the early years his Brain Trust would bat out ideas galore. on the economic state of the nation-bat them into the air, discuss them, reject many, accept few. Those were the rela- lively carefree days of picking the rabbit out of the hat" having a new trick for the economic ills of the nation
 At that time also, Roosevelt got around among his fellowmen, de- spite his physical handicaps, more than any other President in his tory--even more than William Howard Taft. His travel record formed restless zig-zag graph across the map of the U. s. A. When he wasn't travelling, Mrs Roosevelt was, and her reports came in almost daily by private White House wire or telephone.
 Today the old Roosevelt Brain Trust is gone. and the new brain trust which surrounds him is con- posed of Admirals and Generals His concentration at night is not upon economic ideas tossed up by the Columbia professors, but on the map of the Pacific and the map of Europe, where blue, red green and yellow tabs indicate the number of divisions Stalin has thrown into the battle of Poland the amount of armor von Rund- stedt has in reserve in the west, the exact whereabouts of the battleships, cruisers, airplane car riers and destroyers guarding the islands of the Philippines.
 More than any other one man Roosevelt helped to build up that armada, and he watches every bar nacled bottom-knows when it was last scraped, the calibre of it's guns