davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-23
Conducted by ."
DaffynnOn

PUNCTURE: A little hole found in
tires at long distances from phones
and garages.
Ab~ooee N 5
a local policeman found a dead
horse on Sacramento Avenue and car.
ried the carcass all the way over TO
Elm Street because he couldn't spell
Sacramento for his report.
Flying lime
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23

in isolated and SparSely populated COM
munities, were threatened with serious
breakdown in production, just at the
moment when the War and Navy De-
partments were increasing their de-
mands upon them for more and more
explosives. There was even talk of ra-
tioning ammunition.
VINO entered into an agreement with
the management, and through its area
Office in Roanoke, began an active cam
paign to recruit 1000 colored women
The plant officials installed an assembly
line to operate on a 24-hour basis.
USES officials literally beat the bushes"
within radius of rs miles. In less than
60 days upward of 1900 Negro women
were turning out thousands of rounds of
high explosives. Most of these workers
had to be transported to and from the
plant by a specially chartered fleet Of
buses. The majority came from Roam
oke, IS miles across the mountains.
In winston Salem, N. c., the National
CARBON Co. completed a new addition
to its plant. This company was engaged
in the manufacture of highly secret
product for the Navy. Not even the
workers in the plant knew what it was
they were making. To staff this new
addition, VINO informed the company
that colored women constituted the only
available source of labor in that area.
In agreement with the management,
the United States Employment Service
carefully selected and screened As Negro
women of high school level or better.
They were sent to the plant for training
as instructors and supervisors for the
Negro personnel which was to be hired
later. Before long there were nearly
TOO of these employees in the new addi-
ton. From all reports of the manage
ment their production was high, and
absenteeism and turnover were at
minimum.
Many Took Training.
One of the prime factors which con-
tributed to the Indignation of Negro
workers into industry was the training
that many of them had received through
vocational and technical classes con-
Quoted under the aegis of the War
Manpower Commission. During the
period when war workers were given pre-
employment training, nonwhites in re-
gion 4 were well represented In all
classes and programs. In September,
1912, nearly Is per cent of all the en-.
rollees were nonwhites. In the District
(see sKnIs, Page Coz
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23

accelerated by military emphasis on
speed and volume in war production.
Along with this reliance in wartime
on large corporations, many small con-
Germs engaged in service and distribu-
ton activities and in the production of
luxury commodities found it necessary
to curtail or stop operations for lack of
manpower and materials. Thousands of
one-man enterprises closed as their
owners were drafted or took war jobs.
1t is estimated that half million small
businesses disappeared from the Amer
lean economy during the war.
A small business" incidentally is
defined by the SWPC as one that en-
ploys fewer than 500 persons, except
that in some cases a company may ex-
coed this number and still remain
small compared with dominant pro-
ducers in its line. For statistical pur-
poses the Commerce Department defines
small business as manufacturing
plant with less than 100 employees, a
wholesale establishment with less than
$4,000 annual net sales volume: re-
tail stores, services, hotels, amusement
places and construction firms with less
then $780, 900 annual net sales volume.
More generally, the department de-
scrlbes business as small when it cam
not afford to buy for itself the kind
of engineering, marketing, economic
and financial counsel which big bust
ness buys for its own use out of it's
substantial resources.
Two Per Cent Employ 40 Per Cent.
Even before the entry of the United
States into World War II, the Temper
airy National Economic Committee found
1.-The tendency toward dominance by
small number of establishments to be
increasing" At that time the commit
tee said the point had been reached
where less than per cent of the plants
employed 40 per cent of the workers,
and went on: Until the 1929 1888 de-
preston, there was no evidence that
small-scale operators were being af-
fected, but since then there has been
noticeable decline in small plants"
During the last four years of the war
a sixth of all businesses ceased opera
tons, ranging from one-twelfth of
finance, insurance and real estate Arms
to one-third of all contract construction
units. In the metal products industries,
plants with more than $500 employees
increased their share of total production
in that field from 223 per cent in 1899
to 55.5 per cent in 1943. Plants with
from 500 to $500 employees declined from
3l3 to 2l.3 per cent during the same
span, while small plants with 100 to
500 workers fell from 278 to 1872 per
cent and plants with less than 100 en-
ployes declined from 1876 to II per
cent of total production in the industry.
Through persistent efforts the SWPC
did succeed in the final year and half
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23
Bv Victor X. DAILY,

Chief, Minority Groups Service. War Man
power Commission, Region ".
To the United States Employment
Service, which is the motivating force
of the War Manpower Commission, was
assigned the task of mobilizing the
Nations manpower for war production
without regard to race, creed or ma
tional origin. To realize that objective
it was necessary and imperative to util-
ize fully the skills and abilities of every
available or potential worker VINO,
therefore, operated on the principle that
every man or woman who wanted to
work should be placed in war job
Production schedules that were tagging
due to shortage of manpower were
its chief concern, and every effort of
this vast organization was geared to
the primary task of finding workers for
war jobs.
Up until the outbreak of war, 80 per
cent of the Negro workers in this coun-
try were employed in agriculture or in
exceptions were the automotive indus
try in Detroit, the needle trades in New
York City and the dock workers in the
Tide Water area of Virginia and the
Gulf ports in the South
The introduction of Negro workers
into mass production was an industrial
revolution. There were many apparently
insurmountable difficulties in the process
that called for delicate adjustment be-
fore the Negro worker could be inte-
grated en- masse into industry. In many
instances, employer resistance had to
be overcome, and by persuasion, because
in the absence of statutory manpower
controls, the whole mobilization program
was based upon voluntary cooperation
and compliance. The opposition Of
labor, in some cases, was also another
obstacle to the indignation of Negro
workers into war production. Especially
was this true as colored workers acquired
skills that warranted upgrading and
promotion. In a few instances, COM
munities objected to an influx of Negro
workers, fearing that these workers
might depreciate property values and
create local problems in transportation,
education and recreational facilities.
In many States there were rigid
segregation laws which prohibited white
and colored employees from working in
the same ONCE or the same shop, that
required separate sanitary facilities,
separate eating arrangements and sep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23
WAR-ACQUIRED SKILLS TO AID NEGROES

arate lockerroom installation. In most
cases this necessitated drastic and ex-
pensive alterations in the layout of the
plant, in order to comply with these
State laws, before colored workers could
be employed These were only some
of the handicaps that were met and
resolved by the War Manpower Com
mission in its efforts at full industrial
mobilization
An example of just how this important
Government agency succeeded in its
task can be judged by statistics recently
made available by region Of the War
Manpower Commission, concerning the
employment of nonwhite workers with
in the region during the war years. This
region comprises the States of Maryland,
Virginia, West Virginia. North Carolina
and the District of Columbia. 1t should
serve as fair barometer of the Nation
wide performance of VINO for it is
borderline area between North and
South. Two of the States have definite
segregation laws. The remainder of
the region, while not committed to a
said to have good Southern exposure"
The 1910 census reveals that Negroes
represented 81 per cent of the popula-
ton of this region.
Since the beginning of the war, JAN
uary, 1912, the United States Employ
ment Service in region has made
approximately 100000 non-white place.
ments. In fact 35.9 per cent of all nom
agricultural placements made in this
region in the past three and half years
were nonwhite. The employment Of
nonwhites in war industry within the
region showed phenomenal growth. In
one year alone, from November, 1912, to
November, 1943, this expansion meas
ured 43 per cent. The percentage of nom
whites employed in important war in
dustries showed the following increases
since May, 1912:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23

Powder Plants Present Problem.
Now that the war Is over, much can
be told that heretofore was classified as
restricted information" One of the
most difficult manpower problems that
confronted officials in region was the
staining Of the giant Hercules powder
plants ut Radford and New River. Va.
IN the fall Of 1914. These plants, located
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23

(See BUSINESS, Page C-9)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23


The agreement of our Allies to lib
eral trade policies is regarded by Of
flcials as merely the carrying out of
prior commitment and also as step
which will be to their own eventual
benefit as well as ours. 1t is not a
price" exacted for scaling down the
lease-lend debt AS to that, current
thought in the administration seems to
follow these lines:
Our Allies probably will be forgiven
entirely that part of their lease-lend
obligation which represents services and
losses in battle-that is consumed NUM-
tions, fuel and destroyed planes and
tanks Thesawill be regarded as having
been employed in the defense of the
United States"
There are, however, other categories
Of lease-lend for which some compensa-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-09-23

tsee sKuLs, Page CD
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Stable Price
Called Myth
BN LEWIS HANEN
Professor Of Economic, \ \. Inirersit'

Recently ! cot a letter from
the vice president of one OF the
biggest corporations IN this
country. The ci>t ot il rs that
the StatiStIcianS who make our
pricc indexes, and argue that
prices arc stable" should have
talk win their wives. He cX-
pressed surprise az the picture
of Chester BowleS Tin Time)
trying 10 demonstrate that
prices in World War II have not
gone up As IN World War l.
incidentally, he told how an
Italian workman in his employ
had spoken of his wife getting
up al 1 a. m and standing in
line about a mIie long I'm order
90 get some kind Of food for her
family. And II seems that Vito
tutu MN thing or two about
what his wife really paid, cell
ing or no ceiling.
The writer of this letter may
be a mere big shot He may
not have 10 worry about food or
prices himself. But | am here 10
say that what ne states in that
letter is true-and j don't mean
maybe.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Rye Up
Af Close

CHICAGO, July 10 (INS)--Rye
was in broad demand in late trad
ing today and closed 2Lc to 4A C
higher.
Other grains worked moderately
higher.
July rye, which is restricted to
the closing out of contracts only,
shot up cents at the start, eased
back to around the previous close
before staging a final rally. Clos
ing price was 4$4c up at Sl.48&
Winnipeg rye also showed pro-
nounced strength and closed Sc
TO 3 &C higher
Wheat finished sc TO 1c up
following a generally irregular
trend. July closed Ac higher at
$1.66ls.
Last prices for corn were un-
changed for July and September
and &c to sc up for deferred
futures.
Oats closed &c 10 sc higher
after ruling firm throughout and
barley lisc up.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Continental Building
Ford Tank Engines

tough competition before the
passenger car manufacturers.
This is especially true in the
race TO get tires. Light trucks
use the same sizes as passenger
cars and, so far, production.
these sizes has not reached
proportions 10 take care of ~.
The new truck programs
bring the proposed production
in the last half To 100000 units.
OF these, 105,025 light. 1928
medium and Al, 1888 light heavy.
heavy and off-highway trucks
have been authorized on a rated
basis.
Manufacturers have been
asked 10 scan their material
and component situations and
notify the automotive division
of WPB what part of their ten
tatlve ALLEGATIONS they will be
able TO produce in the last two
quarters. Final ALLEGATIONS will
then be fixed ON the reports
OF the manufacturers.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Auto
BY SILER FREEMAN

Continental Motors is now i'm
production on the Ford type
tank engine, {. j. (JackD Reese,
president of the company. re-
vealed today. Contracts for
the engine were announced last
year.
The tank engine will be 90
per cent produced in Conti-
mental plants. Two Of them
had 10 be retooled from the
ground up for the Job. Facili-
ties Of two other Continental
factories are also being used.
The Bellevue and Boulevard
plants are the new facilities
which Continental fooled up.
The Bellevue plant makes cylin-
der blocks, head. clutch houS-
inGs, oil pans, can covers apd
main bearing caps. The Boule-
ward factory makes crankshaftS,
camShaftS and several other
units.
ContinentaIS Dallas plant
also has a part in the engine
program while the main Jeffer-
son plant handles cylinder SUBJ
assemblies. final assembly,
testing and shipping.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
What 'sNew
In Business
Air Express Firm
Still BeinQ Pushed
By WARD SCHULTZ

Reorganization Of the Ohio
Air Express Corp. which was
designed 20 link - communi-
tres m Ohio. Michigan. Pennsyl-
Nspis and Indiana, under the
rrw name Of Great Lakes AIR
Lines. has been announced.
The airline was originally
headed by The late Alfred
Jackson, former president Of
Acronautical Products, Inc,
Detroit.
Succeeding as head Of the
airline is II. r. Lytle. manage
ment con>ultant, former preSi-
uont Of A. b. Stoves. Inc,
Battle Creek. and general man
agcr OK Aero Products Co,
DCtrnlL.
Evidence Is now being COL
lected and VIII be presented 10
the Civil Aeronautics Board
and hackers say that financing
is assured. The company VIII
operate a general feeder serv-
ice. connecting with the major
uanScontinental airlineS.
Another Detroiter, Carl II.
Pratt, aGriculturaliSt and man
ager OF fhe United Artists
Building, is serving on the
board OF directors.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Sears Stock Split7

The rise Of Sears. Roebuck
& 60. capital stock to 1908
yesterday, up "a points from
last Friday, reflects feeling in
financial quarters that some
announcement about a stock
split-up Will be forthcoming
after the directors meeting to
be held today.
Originally the meeting was
scheduled for later in the
month. but the date has been
ADVANCED approximately two
weeks. "
Directors discussed the ad-
visibility of stock split-up at
their last meeting in April.
Certain board members were
designated 10 study the prob
lem and report 10 the directors.
Just what the Split-up would
be directors have refused 10
indicate.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
arm ers' Market

FRUITs-Apples steele's Red. No. /. S3.4t
9'-lD' on Cherries sour Early Richmond
Cuuants red. No / SIS 24-qt' case eooss
berries No, ] SIS 24.at case RasaAsy,tss-
i'a' No. 45c ct raspberries black No. /
4@t ql. strawberries. No. /, 4ll9c at.
VEGETABLE GREENS-CabbaRe. No I. 7b
81 bu chicory No. /. 60g7se bu Col
lards No. /. 75caSI bu. Mustard greens
no. 75caSl bu. spinach. No. /. 81 soQ-
~ bu, Swiss chaTd No /, sl@l25 bu
No. /, Sl@l.25 bu.
LETTUCE AND SALAD CREENs-Endiv,
70 J. Nl~ 50 bu. Escarole no. l. SO
- bu Leaf lettuce. No, 5a &C 10 Hes
- g y0c bu Sorrel No. /, l.25al.50 bU
VEGETABLES tMIsc. l-Asis ragas, tsnc,-
S.,an ~ 30 eez t 9ehs No. ]; Sl.7os 225. Bsani
81 % doz bchs No. s5caSl Broccoli
". S2.75g3 - bu Cabbage. No. / SID
~ 2o bu Carrots. punched No l. s3c do4
- ha Celery. fancy. 81 so doz. bchs
rs bu Dill 80. 1 TScaSl doz. bchA
Kohrabi No / 81 Is dor bohs Dry onion,
iahey - SO 5o-lb. sacs NJ. medium
i 2a@ IS Green onions fancy. 81 dos
2 81 aoc doz bchS Parsley curly. No
= @0c doz bchs. Peas fancy 81 2s-ib bu4
10 50 1908 2s Potatoes no. l. s34
I l0o-lb. sack RadisheS. red. No l. s0cg
81 ~ don bchs. lonr white No. /. 75ee
81 23 do1 bchs Rhubsrb. No / Tssas
dox. hchs. squash Italian. No. I. 50 "A
SQUASH. summer fancy 81 y hu 81
so Tomatoes hothouse - so ~
Ee' TurnipE bunched fancy 81 7S~dnI-
b.Hs n. Sl"l rs. iurnlps. TOPPED. No /
Eccs- Extra larse- tt444 so-aet. ease
Iarge 81 50. medium. Sl2 90
PLANTS-veFetable 81 25al IS rat Eers
r'gws 80 boa7 80 i4-po' Cat misc noweis
faae So fat 80 / Slal 80
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
FL. Jacobs Plans
New Pfd. Stock

T. L. Jacobs Co, automotive
parts manufacturer. has notified
the SEC that II plans TO call a
special stockholders meeting soon
so vote on a proposal TO issue
So 600 900 of preferred stock and
TO increase authorized common
stock from 10000 Sh ares 10
100000 shares
The proposed preferred isNe
Will consist of 100000 shares of
; per cent $50 par value cumu-
lativc convertible preferred. De-
taIlS of the Offering were not
announced.
Rex c. Jacobs, president of the
company, announced tina, proceeds
from the sale of the preferred
stock plu. some additional funds
from the company asury
would be used 10 retire It's $1,000
600 \-lpan.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
.Stee|s Lead
Market Rise

NEW YORK. July 10 GNS)-
Demand for stocks expanded to-
day, lifting leaders more than a
point in some cases.
Although the advance was en-
couraging, volume still remained
unimpressive. The days total was
around a million shares.
SteelS were a Standout group.
L. S. Steel climbed more than a
point. Jones & Laughlin CRU
chile, and Bethlehem strength
ened. Rails had a sharp edge,
Santa Fe being up a point at its
midday high. n. Y. Central added
a. Baltimore and Ohio y and
Southern Pacific -.
Activity in motors was limited
although Chrysler opened u bet
ter and doubled the gain later
Fresh buying was apparent in
copperS. American Smelling, Ana
conda. and Phelps Dodge inn
proved more than a half each.
Aviations were comparatively
active but Lockheed and Boelng
were the only favoriteS TO make
any hcadwav American Can and
Foundry climbed more than a
point. CelaneSe Corp sold at
4 II z5 up I. Merchandising issues
gained
Bond market quotations were
firm and quiet. Cotton futures
advanced 10 gains Of 50 cents a
bale in the final hour. Grains
were higher
Curb shares tended higher in a
light trade.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11

Jack ReeSes name appears
10 be potent in sections far
from Detroit and MuSkegon,
this writer found recently. On
return from a tour of coast
navy drydockS. the Midwest
writers stopped overnight at
Denver Colo. Denver Is no diff
fcrent from other large cities
and the facilities OF the famed
Brown Palace Hotel were taxed
10 capacity.
This writer got into Conver-
Sation with the hotel clerk on
duty and learned that he had
worked as reporter on the
NJ uSk egon Chronicle. We
quickly tossed in the name of
Jack Reese a a reference and
10 and behold, We wound up
with the governor $ suite.
p. $; II pays 10 know the
right people
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Miller Mfg. Buys
Steel Castings %.

Miller Manufacturing Co. De-
troit, maker Of automotiVc service
tools announced acquisition Of
approximately 81 per cent of the
outstanding capital stock Of the
Monroe Steel Castings Co. pro-
duccr of machinery and automo-
tive castings.
The purchase. II was Indicated,
was for cash W>rn proceeds from
a S10OO0Oo loap arranged with a
New York bank
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
7 Division Managers
Named by Stearns

Appointment Of two new dis
trict managers is announced by
Dr. J Mark Hiebert. vice prcSi-
dent and general manager of the
Frederick Stcarns a Co division
Sterling Drug, Inc. Glenn Walsh
formerly Of st Louis, has been
made manager Of district No. 2
with headquarters in Chicago
Thomas G. Bradley. formerly de-
failing out of Boston. has been
made manager of district No. !,
Atlantic division.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
How much is that a pound 90
BARE CUPBOARD

SO. you see this working
woman gets chicken in the
black market, while my wife
and | get none. Our cupboard is
bare-of chicken.
WHY is thiS2
I'll tell you, in case you don't
get the point | pay the woman
SO a day. plus taxi and lunch.
She takes the So | pay her, and
goes 10 the black market, where
she buys the chicken. of which |
should at least get the neck.
Several points stand out. First.
wages are inflated. and most
workers, organized and unOr-
ganized. are getting so much
currency that they are buying
their heads off They buy
chicken that | can't get
Second. this wage initiation
goes into demands for goods,
and therefore causes a price in
flation - SO for three small
chickens.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Vets Set Jobs

A total or 2.6SS returned
scrviccmen, 1,0l2 of them for
mer Fisher Body workers. have
been employed by the Fisher
Body division of General Mo-
tors. a survey showed.
As Of June | l4.35l men and
women workers Of Fisher Body
had entered military service.
OF this number POI have been
killed and l23 have been
wounded Seventy-Scven others
are missing and 2S are prison.
cTS of war
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
POLITICIANS CROW

Third. the fact of price infla-
ten -keet-ett-ef the-ttfcorcti-
cal price indexes, about which
politicians crow The price of
chicken is what Jane pays for II.
not what Mr.. BowleS is told by
Madam Perkins.
SO prices are not stable The
StatiStiCianS are living in an
unreal world.
Initiation is all around us. We
feel II when we pay ceiling
prices for half a drink Of whjhiy
that is half neutral spirits, or
60 cents for an ersatz metal
hook with a little chromium on
II. And when we pay Jane Sc
plus, and she goes out and buys
our chicken, il comes home TO
rOOSt initiation. / mean.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
CHICAGO CAsn GKAIN

CHICAGO. July 10 TINS Cash grain:
WHEAT-NO. / red S1,6q's NJ red
81 90. No. ? red tough. 81 CO., ta s.
CoRN--No , yellow. 81 lo's Ne. yei-
oATS-No' mixed 7ot.c no white
heavy. 7l3tc. NJ rCd special ToItc so.
] red heavy. nc. 80. red special heavy.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
CHICKEN DINNERS

The gist of the whole matter
comes out in the strange case of
our cleaning woman's chicken
dinners. My wife has been eN-
claiming over how long IL has
been since we have seen chicken.
She has tried in vain for weeks
10 get poultry. Now comes our
new cleaning woman and tells
how she just bought three chick
ems 80. and that she has
chicken for dinner frequently
and without any difficulty.
How much did she pay ."
Well, she paid $40 for three
chickens.
How much is that a pound ?"
Well, she didn't know exactly.
The man didn't tell her the
price per pound But each
chicken weighed about three
pounds, which is over 81 a.
pound
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
1tNtTH KkDIO CORP.

F-lrs' yesi enae1 April 20
lq4s ia44
z '-s.i. Ffs.f.i -.-- 5 $50 bef 81 7so.es-
k4rst4 psT share s. II S9 s,
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
Secondary Offering
OF Eastman Kodak

NEW YORK. July 10 Subject
TO market conditio $. Smith. Bar
ney & Co. plans To make a Sccon-
Diary offering of 10000 shares of
Eastman Kodak Co. common
stock. 1t -iS-eXpected- thaHthe
concession TO NASD members viii
be 81 80 a share.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-11
ALTON RAILROAD,

Dividends In the foregoing table are tn,
amounts paid or PAYABLE so Ear this year.