davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-16
On the Record
BY Dorothy Thompson

principles and firm agreements than in
the climate" of human relationships
and in his own capacity to steer with
the wind in off-reef directions. That
was both his talent and his weakness.
Neither Mr.. Truman nor Mr.. Byrnes
have that talent, SO they must and will
try to avoid the weaknesses.
Mr.. Roosevelt liked preliminary con-
ferences, because he liked to sniff out
which way the wind was blowing. 1t is
interesting that Mr.. Truman and Mr..
Byrnes have avoided one. Apparently
they do not want previous commitments
and are jealous for American independ-
ence and freedom of action. AS far as
I can sense things, after long absence
from home, I expect more stubborn
attitude, a greater insiStence on prin-
cipies and on agreements that would
stand up in court of law" less ten
dency to leave matters to wide inter-
probation, and insistence on less ambi-
guilty.
Both Mr.. Truman and Mr.. Byrnes
are politicians, who may be presumed
to have an eye on the presidential elec-
tions of 1948, and are susceptible to
American public opinion. Mr.. Roose-
welt was master at making public
opinion. They are not. We may expect,
therefore, a greater instinct for those
constants in the American mind that
are essential for the policies of the
partieS
Evening star., 1945-07-16

could distinguish between legitimate
objectives and sacred precincts with
perfect efficiency. The damage to
cathedrals in the Reich almost cer-
tainly has been appalling.
With regard to restoration prof.
ects, obviously much will depend
upon the availability of materials
and skilled labor. No miracles of
speed in rebuilding are to be ex-
pected. Yet eventually the houses
Of prayer without which nations
cannot prosper spiritually will be
repaired or replaced. Europe suf-
fered grievous losses in the Reforma-
ton and in the revolutionary trou-
bles Of the eighteenth and nine
teenth centuries but survived them
in terms of restorations not invari-
ably deplorable.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Munchuriu and Jopon's Future
From the Montreal Star.

From the Montreal Star.
Because of the intensity of the air
bombardment of key areas in Japan's
home islands, we may be prone, at
times, to view the enemys war produc-
ton outlook rather smugly. We are
too apt to forget that despite the years
of bombing inflicted upon Germany's
battered factories, they were humming
almost up to the moment of occupation.
There are still too many people who also
refuse to recognize that Japan is no
longer a nation of lattice work and
paper buildings and, at the same time,
ignore Manchuria.
Before peace comes to the Far East,
Manchuria will probably prove to be a
far more decisive factor in the outcome
of the struggle than the japanese home
land itself. Manchuria has been in
the hands of the Japanese for nearly
IA years. They moved into China's
three northern provinces in 1881 and.
while the old League of Nations stam-
mered and f1uttered, proceeded with
their occupation, establishing the area
as the independent country of Man
choukuo. with its own emperor, provid-
ing him an administration comprised
VI oSU JdkScl4CcC GAkSA 10.
What the Japanese have done with
this land mass of 503,000 square miles
Tokyo has never fully disclosed. But
it's occupation was no spur-of-the-
moment operation Tt was part of
long range program of conquest. Ja-
pan itself is short of great many raw
materials, and Manchoukuo has almost
inexhaustible deposits of iron, coal, gold,
magnesite and oil shale. In addition,
its soil is among the most productive
in the world.
Since 1882, moreover, Japan's great
industrial combines have been building
vast new plants through the area. Some
observers have gone so far as to say
that even at the peak of the homeland's S
production. Manchurias output was at
least potentially greater. Now there
can be little doubt that the greater part
of the enemy's munitions are being
turned out there. In fact, at the end
of June, American monitors reported
interception Of Tokyo broadcast deal
ing with the transfer of home industries
to the mainland. The message de-
scribed the shift as even more funda-
mental than the dispersion of indus
tries which was scheduled following
the first major attacks at home.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
General ChennuuIt

The circumstances surrounding
Major General Chennault's decision
to resign as commander of the 14th
Air Force. return home and retire
from the Army strongly suggest dis
appointment and disagreement on
his part over the recent reorgan-
ization making Lieutenant General
Stratemeyer chief of all United
States air forces in CHINA move
seen by some observers as reducing
the Fourteenth to little more than
a wing command.
Judgment on the wisdom of this
change, as well as upon the charge
that military politics" dictated it
and that it may adversely affect
our relations with Chungking, must
be reserved until more facts are
made available to clarity the situa-
ton. As for General Chennault
himself, however, no reservations
are necessary. Ever since he went
to China eight years ago to help
GeneraliSsimo Chang Kai-shek or
ganize an air force, his record has
been that of one of the outstanding
commanders of the war, and both
the American and Chinese people
particularly the latter - have long
held him in the highest personal
esteem, placing the fullest con-
fldence in his work.
If single phrase could summa-
rize that work, it might be this:
Doing a great deal with woefully
little" In 1887, as retired Army
officer serving as adviser to Gen
eralisSimo Chang, Chennault found
himself equipped with hopelessly
antiquated planes and inexperi-
enced Chinese personnel when
Japan launched its all-out aggres-
sion in China. He then prevailed
upon the Chang government,
which made him a brigadier gen.
eral in 1941, to invite American
civilian flyers to form volunteer
group against the Japanese. BY
July, four years ago, this group,
which became world-famous as the
"Flying Tigers" and which was
merged with our regular Army Air
Forces after Pearl Harbor, was fully
organized and soon was performing
legendary feats in Burma and
China.
Largely because of the logistical
problem involved, General Chen
nault-who was recalled to active
duty in our own Army in April, 1912,
first as colonel and then as a
brigadier general - nearly always
had to operate on a shoestring. He
nevertheless made the most of his
limited equipment and inflicted
such terrible attrition on enemy
planeS-not to mention enemy ship
ping in Chinese coastal waters
that he is able to report now that
Japan has already been conclusively
beaten in the sky over China. Ac-
cordingly, whatever may be the full
story behind his retirement Che
himself suggests reasons of health,
his leave-taking must be regarded
as distinct loss. Certainly, history
will remember him we'll for the
great role he has played in laying
the groundwork for victory in Asia.
Evening star., 1945-07-16

VII.
(This Is the seUenth OF a series OF
articles on Yngoslaoia. The eighth
10iH appear tonlorro10.)
ROME (By Air Courier.) Edward
Kardelj, Tito's right-hand man, wrote
In an extensive editorial appearing May
80 in the Belgrade newspaper Borba:
"That for which freedom loving and
progressive men longed is today begin
ming to be realized. Authority is in the
hands of democracy, and no longer in
the hands OF privileged antinational
class"
The Yugoslav government makes much
of this idea, constantly boasting that
its authority is derived from what it
calls "the basic national masses" 1t is
hard to find grounds for such claim.
On the lower. levels, direct authority
over the lives of people is vested in
national liberation committees for towns,
cities, districts and counties and finally
for the various federal components of
the nation. When members of the gov
ernment are pressed for proof that they
hold a mandate from the people, it is
to these committees that they point
with apparently genuine pride.
The method by which the committees
were set up varied considerably from
region to region. Undoubtedly some
free elections were held in regions where
the political temper of the people guar
anteed support to the national liberia
tion front, which for practical purposes
meant the Communist political COM
mand of the Partisan movement.
But according to neutral observers
who were there when it happened, a
somewhat different procedure was OBJ
served in regions where no such support
was assured. Generally speaking, they
say this was the way it went:
x% *
The Partisan political commissar came
into a newly liberated village or town
with the troops and Immediately went
into huddle with the local anti-Fascist
underground committee, which had been
holding itself in readiness for this day.
Almost invariably, the committee was
composed of the local representative
of the Communist party and the local
heads Of the Communist dominated
youth movement and League Of Anti
Fascist Women.
This committee, working with the
commissar, drew up a list of safe
names to be presented to general vii
lage or town meeting. From the names
on this list the villagers or townfolk
elected" their governing committee.
Sometimes the list was fairly long and
they could choose between the various
candidates presented Sometimes it
was short and they could approve the
candidates presented
Whatever such a procedure may be,
1t is evidently not democratic.
On national level, formal power re-
sides in the Anti-FasciSt Council for
the National Liberation of Yugoslavia
(AVNOO, whose powerful praesidium
actually lays down the law. Here again
there is nothing to indicate that
AVNOJ's members are the peoples
chosen rulers.
On all organizational levels the Com
munist party holds the reinS-not be-
cause the people voted that it should
but simply because this party, which
indisputably took the lead in fighting
the war in Yugoslavia, sees no reason
for relinquishing that lead now the war
has been won.
Foreign observers in the country who
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Letters to The Star
Appeals for Families of Veterans
Receiving Hospital Treatment

To the Editor Of The Star:
We all know that the housing situa-
ton In Washington Is critical, but I
truly desperate 1t is for returning
wounded servicemen who must have
treatments at hospitals but could live
out. When these treatments are ex-
tended over a period of six months to
year, it is natural for the veteran to
want his family with him. The Gov
ernment evidently has made no pro-
vision near large general hospitals to
meet these conditions. District Housing
tells the young wife with infant child
that she should not be here; she should
be at home. Where is home when you
have been in the service for three years
and have never had an opportunity to
establish one?
Apartment owners will not consider
these men because they are not perma-
nent.
This situation needs immediate at
tention, for these men have given their
best Every effort should be made to
enable them to be with their families
during these long months of recupera-
tion.
know personally of the exigency of
this problem. My brother, wounded on
Two Jima, is having a most difficult time
to locate a suitable place for his family
within reasonable distance from the
hospital
Can't something be done about this
at once? ELIZABETH H. ALLAN.
Another Plea for Senior Soldiers
To the Editor of The Star:
1t is high time that Congress took
an interest in the future of the older
soldiers in our Army.
The large majority of men over 35
in the Army today have given up a
great deal more to serve their country
than the professional soldiers who are
running this war from the comfortable
security Of the Pentagon. Most men in
their late 30s were drafted from estab-
liShed businesses or professions. They
have lost all possibility of returning to
the status quo after the war.
n puSulcSS unCe gwen up cannot be
resumed with ease three years later;
profession which has not been prac-
ticed for several years cannot be re-
sumed readily. Pharmacists, skilled
mechanics, teachers. lawyers, all lose
their skills when prevented from prac-
ticing their professions for long periods
of time.
Every other country engaged in this
war has made provision for the early
release of men over IS. Why has not
the United States done the same? Are
Great Britain and Russia any less
democratic because their armies rec
ognize the advisability of restoring the
older man to normal living conditions
as soon as possible?
Congress decided who shall serve In
the armed forces when the Selective
Service Act was passed in 1910. 1t is
up to Congress to decide now when the
older men shall be released.
FREDERICK FORD.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Polish Army in Exile

Perhaps the thorniest aspect of
the withdrawal of Allied recognition
of the Polish government in exile
at London is the disposition of the
military, naval and air forces under
it's authority. Those armed forces
total fully 250.0OO. Though using
British equipment and fighting un-
der the British high command,
they have retained their separate
identity and have made splendid
military record. Fifty thousand of
them are in Italy, as many more
in the British zone of occupation in
Germany, while the balance are in
the British Isles, the Middle East
or on the seas. In addition, there
is the Polish merchant marine. ag-
gregating 100000 tons and with
Polish personnel.
The great majority of these forces
apparently favor continued loyalty
to the London regime. Those in this
category repudiate the Warsaw gov
ernment, which has gained Anglo
American recognition, as a Moscow
puppet, refuse to return to their
native land under present condi-
tions. and strive to retain their ex-
isting organization.
This naturally creates most en-
barrassing situation. especially for
Britain. The mere continued ex-
istence of these organized forces is
an affront to both the Warsaw and
Soviet Russian governments, and it
is to be expected that, at the COM
ing big Three" conference, Stain
will press for their prompt dissolu-
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Opposes Profanity

To the Editor of The Star:
The comment frequently is made that
wars usually are accompanied and fol-
lowed by a letdown in standards of
morality, in conduct and speech. This
seems to be borne out by the frequency
with which grave disseryice is being
done to the youth of today by the pub
lie press in publishing pfofane Ian
guage used by the men who, while
shaping the military and political des-
tiny of this Nation, should be aware of
their responsibility in the matter of
perverting the speech of young people.
EDWARD M. SYPHAX.
Evening star., 1945-07-16

Cicero summed up Adolf Hitler
and his destructive influence upon
the world when, in his second ora
ton against Mark Antony in A
Be, he declared: "AS Helen was
to the Trojans, so has that man
been to this republic-the cause of
war, the cause Of mischief, the
cause of ruin"
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Wrong Plaintiff
From the Pittsburgh (Kans.) sun.

From the Pittsburgh Kans) sun.
Jess Willard has been in court in Cali
fornia trying to collect damages from
movie producers for pictures of his fight
with Jack Dempsey We trust this is
not treason to our State but it appears
necessary to suggest that those who paid
admission to see the pictures under the
impression they were pictures of fight
should collect the damages.
Evening star., 1945-07-16

City authorities in PHILADELPHIA
have declared war on pigeons. This
offers a good chance for volunteer
critics of Philadelphia's alleged
slowness to offer one to ten on the
pigeons and see how they come out.
Evening star., 1945-07-16

Critics Of peacetime military
training say that draftees will have
no foe, hence no objective for their
shooting. Evidently they have for
gotten about sevens and elevens.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Super-Simplified!

From the st. Louis Post Dispatch.
The British have government form
that requires five hours work to fill
out. In our country 1t would be known
as the simplified form.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
Intercultural Studies JJrsed

To the Editor of The Star:
The Star deserves the highest COM
mendation for bringing to the WASH
ington public the atrocity pictures.
The more one thinks about the mass
murder methods of the Nazs the
the greater becomes the belief that
we should educate our children scien-
tifically about race, so that these hor-
rors cannot ever happen here or to
them. Children in our junior and
senior high schools should be urged
to view these pictures during the COM
ing school year. This should be a
prelude to serious study of the
peace Charter and to any form of uni
versal military service.
Meanwhile. it is shocking to note the
resistance of adults and most educators
to intercultural education as part
of public instruction. The boards of
education in many places have hur-
died the controversy bound to arise
in giving religious instruction in
schools. Many schools provide for some
teaching to- develop tolerant attitudes,
but in the main it is so placed in the
curriculums of English or social stud
les that little attention is given there
to. The fact of dual or segregated
school systems seems to present in
surmountable difficulty. Many school
officers and some teachers are SO thor
oughly indoctrinated with unscientific
or prejudiced attitudes that they are
unsuited to teach in this field.
E. B. HENDERSON.
Evening star., 1945-07-16
A Place Not to Live

To the Editor of The Star:
have been reading the proceedings
in the murder trial OF Little Orphan
Annie. The jury has been hand-picked;
its members expressed their belief in
her guilt before the trial began. The
judge obviously is prejudiced, and the
prosecuting attorney says he will do
all in his power to convict Annie, be-
cause the neighborhood demands it.
Meanwhile, the attorney appointed to
defend Annie admits he is not doing
his duty because Mrs. Bleating Heart
was dear friend of his grandmother.
All this set me to wondering where
In the world there could be such a
place. While in this agonizing guam
dairy, CHANGED to read Lowell Mel
let's column in The Star of July Z.
He names place called Mississippsky
which I believe would fill the bill.
MIR. Mellett does not say where this
place Is. must ask him about that.
because I would surely hate to live
IN such place. S. L. HOOVER.
Evening star., 1945-07-16

President Roosevelt also was much
more subtle and versatile personality
than his successor, inclined always to
fit himself into situations as they arose
and finesse his way among his allies.
He had unlimited faith in his own ca
pacity to adjust himself and the Amer
lean policy to each successive change
and crisis. He believed less In fixed
Evening star., 1945-10-04
Kramer Machine -Gunned
300 Capfiyes, Jewess Says
BY The Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
LUENEBURG, Germany. Oct. A.
Josef Kramer, Nazi commandant of
the Oswiecim and Belsen concen-
tration camps, was accused by a 81
year-old Jewess today of machine
cunning about 800 captives before a
flaming ditch after killing some with
dogs.
Kramer and A other officials and
guards are on trial for their lives
before British military court. He
previously had been accused OF
sending others to deaths in gas
chambers, beating the life from 9TH
ers and of instigating other means
OF execution and torture.
Regina Rosenthal, 21-year-old
Pole, said in an afidavit..
while at Oswiecim, saw about
300 people around a ditch In which
big fire was burning. Commandant
Kramer was behind them with a
machine gun and some dogs. When
he pointed to man, the dogs
would attack and he either was
killed or fell into the fire. Kramer
then machine-gunned the Others"
Evening star., 1945-10-04
43d Division. Veterans
OF Pacific, Con1inq Home

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. (P.-
The 43d (Winged Victory Division
credited with killing more japanese
in the Philippines than any othel
American outfit, is en- route home
from Japan minus low-point mer
who have been transferred to other
units for occupation duty.
The Army transport Gen. Pope
first of six ships bringing the divi.
sion to this country, is due to ar
rive here october 8. The other five
vessels are scheduled to reach San
Francisco before October Is.
The division was one of the first
to be shipped to the Pacific and is
the first to return to this country
en- masse. 1t sailed through the
Golden Gate in October, 1912, fought
on Guadalcanal and then spear
headed the invasion of Luzon.
It received its name from its COM
mander, Maj. Gen. Leonard F. Wing
of Rutland, VT.
Evening star., 1945-10-04
81 District Area Men
Receive Discharges,
Is al Bainbridge

Sixty-one men from washington
and nearby areas have received
honorable discharges from the
armed forces.
Fifteen were Navy men released
at Bainbridge, Md. They include:
:, Leung 2. Chew. summers mate &c. 616
W ". Abe. s7sa II Huntinston S street NV. NV;
spss M1esy sIss NV stsr' John mis M sio
lr.- yeoman 2Ic, 4I6 Crittenden street
NV; Alton r. Thompson. pharmacist's
Io g seamsa i1e sssst sso Hsa1y cap
itol street; Aviation Cadet j. II. Hubert
S793 Sixth street NV; Aviation Cadet
NV. Aviation Cadet Waldo Joseph Tsstet
", 4s07 Seventeenth street NV; Frank
Ashley Ashley prske, 2 seaman rs: 2980 Carlton
mate &c. 22Io9 Eizhteenth street NV;
Roby B; Push. motor machinist's mate aic,
1914 1914 Silver HilI road BE; Forrest ].
street NE. and Philip J Carter, hh,s ship's
litter 2/c. 2202 place Sc,
Soldiers DISCHARGED at Fort Meade:
street r NE FEsnes Pie ..s asngseh sss Ea
gsss sSssn, ast1 street es, nE Gorpl MuIssI Dawes
essph T. a4f RoSss ,'hssGa ss .s.s RSaa w coFp
TI3 Anthony r. Yanonski. 1888 NJ street
NV; Pfc. Robert M. Asher. 1900 jay
street NE; sfSerEt. John w; HarEraves
Ally. AL Y street ea NV; slsergt;, Pred W.
], s, s,sersta Forrest y. y Newton, 1909 Bel
Rouh.r RouIs l. YnDsD GHlpspsr M Va: pis Eaymsna
1910 Seventeenth street south, Airing
ton: S/Sergt Elmer D. Woodworth, Falls
Church; Sergt. Charles P. Ford. 1922
North Hudson street; Arlington; Sergt.
Peyton T. Anderson; 4a17 Four Mile Run
Laurel, Nd: Pfe Harry coupIand. spas Route s T.
Silver Spring; Pfc. Raymond c. Anderson,
Branchville. Md.
Pfc. Leo ]. Ullman, Waldorf, Nd; Pfc
William B. Bean, Route. /. Leonardtown
Md: Pvt. Joseph w. Silver, Laurel; Pfc
Norman NJ. Reed, Washington Grove, Nd: /:
Pvt. Malcolm q. BowIins, Capitol Heights.
M; T/5 Colon Crolley. Rockville, Md;
Pfc. Harry M. Thompson. Hyattsvilie; Pfc.
H. Newcity. 1918 West Virginia avenue
Bethesda. and S/Sergt. Allan r. Strong
6502 Forty sixth place, Riyerdaie, Md.
Discharged at Fort Dix, N. j.:
Pvt. Iryin T.. Adams. l242 DUNCAN
Twelfth street NV; Pfc. Charles N. Par
ker. 20 De Frees street NV, and Corpi.
EDWARD z W. Young. 1912 Eishtsenth street
Discharged at Fort Sill, Okla:
n. r. Pilla. 730 Quincy street NV:
Evening star., 1945-10-04
Fierce Fires Burning
Along Mexican Border
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Fires still were burning fiercely
on both sides Of the Mexican border
east of Tia Juana last night, famed
by winds which forestry officials
said might blow the blaze on into
desert areas.
Only skeleton crews could be
spared from other parts Of Cali
fornia to fight the fire, which ex-
tended along a i5-mile front and
covered approximately 5000 acres Of
dry brush and grass.
Troops equipped with walkie-
talkies cut control lines around a
blaze extending over more than
1000 acres Of brush and woodland
near Gonzales, in Monterey County
New fires we're on the rampage near
Mariposa, threatening 400 acres OF
merchantable pine forests.