davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-04

The Kilgore bill. providing for un-
employment benefits up to s25 week
for 26 weeks, put forward as an emer-
gency measure, has become a vehicle
for new battle btWeen the Federalists
and the States Fighters.
There is nothing in the bill which sets
up permanent Federal unemployment
insurance system. 1t does seek, now
ever, to have the States pay uniform
unemployment benefits tor specific
period, in contrast to the many differ
ences which exist in State laws. 1t
proposes that the Federal Government
shall augment the benefit payments in
the States which do not meet the s25
limit-which means most of The States,
nearly all of them in fact
So both its proponents, like Mayor
La Guardia of New York and R. j.
Thomas, president of the Automobile
Workers Union and vice president of the
CIO, and its opponents. including most
of the State Governors ami their rep
resentatives, are agreed that the bill
looks toward an eventual Federal sys-
tenn OF unemployment insurance.
The States, as a whole, have built
up about s7000000,000 unemployment
insurance reserves. The Federal Gov
ernment has debts running up to about
$3.50, 900 600, 900; it has no money to put
out unless it borrows~ more State
executives maintain, therefore, they can
do this job of unemployment relief, If
the Federal Government will let them
alone. Certainly they are in shape to
handle it, provided the period of large
unemployment does not extend too long
President Truman has backed the pro-
posal for S25-a-week unemployment
benefit, to be paid workers laid off
because of reconversion from war to
peace. Nevertheless, the strong oppo-
sition which has arisen among The
Governors of States, Democratic as we'll
as Republican, and in Congress, may
doom the bill as it stands. Some of its
provisions may be saved, including trav-
cling allowances for war workers thrown
out of employment to their homes or to
other places of employment.
1t seems doubtful, however, that an
effort will be made to force similar
weekly payments to unemployed in
all the States, for example, in New
York and in Georgia, where wage scales
and costs of living differ greatly. What
the representatives of Georgia fear Is
that the payment of $25 unemployment
benefits will destroy the workers desire
to go back to work.
In picturesque language Maj. Marion
Williamson. out of the Army after four
years service, during which he was
member of Gen. Patton's staff, and now
administrator of Georgia's unemploy-
Evening star., 1945-09-04
The World TODAY
By Jay G.. HAYDEN

If reactions Of the people of New
England, where this writer spent the
last four stirring weeks, are typical of
the whole Nation, the American people
are all set for splurge of free enter
prise" that nothing can stop.
If bureaucracy, whether of Govern
ment, cartelized business, or labor
unions, should attempt to impede this
avalanche, then bureaucracy equally
may be crushed.
President Truman touched off this
trend by his rapid demobilization of
wartime controls following the japanese
capitulation Unlimited gasoline and
other measures of rationing relief created
the first big popular uplift, but this
was transitory compared with the sense
of recovered economic freedom which
the public derived from the whole grist
of abatements.
In the week preceding the japanese
surrender there was confidence that the
United States could successfully accom-
plish the task of reconversion from war
to peace, as it did the conversion to war,
but invariably this was accompanied by
the opinion that the immediate future
would be tough. Inevitably, as the folks
seem to feel, the Nations industrial
hands would remain half-tied for some
months, while the elaborate machinery
of war production was being unravelled.
Il
The big thing Mr.. Truman gave was
assurance that the Government at least
was going to remove itself as an obstacle
and give private industry free swing.
The response was tremendous burst of
public conviction that American enter
prise, so released, could swiftly make the
transition back to prosperous peace
time economy.
The Importance of this popular
psychology is that 1t almost certainly
will be reflected by great majority OF
members of Congress returning to duty
tomorrow after two months spent in
their home constituencies. With the
President already setting the 'free enter
prise pace, it will be surprising If Con-
gress does not move much farther and
faster in the same direction.
For example, did not hear one person,
high or low, express unqualified approval
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Job Rights of Veterans

Selective service officials are en-
tirely correct in saying that last
weeks Federal Court ruling on the
unemployment rights of veterans
fully sustains the Interpretation of
the law made by General Hershey
more than year ago. 1t is ques-
tionable, however, whether the
courts decision will prove, in the
long run, to be as gratifying" as
selective service spokesmen now
hold to be the case.
The ruling was announced by
Judge Matthew T.. Abruzzo of
Brooklyn, and upholds the o-called
superseniority doctrine advocated by
selective service and some veteran
groups. The effect of this is to re-
quire an employer to restore vet
eran to his former employment, if
his old job or similar job still
exists, in preference to any one else
except another veteran in the same
category. In consequence, the SEN
tority rights of older employees, per-
haps even veterans. of the First
World War, may 60 out the window,
for the claim of veteran of this
war to be restored to his former job
takes precedence over everything
else. 1t Is easy to believe that this
may result in extensive unemploy-
ment among longtime workers in
plants whose operations are being
extensively cut back now that the
war is over.
In opposing the superseniority
doctrine, labor union officials had
urged that veterans of World War II
be given seniority credit only for
actual time in service. In other
words, If man had worked in a
plant for a year before entering the
Army, and had then spent four years
in military service, he would return
to his employer with credit for five
years of seniority, and would be
entitled to the same consideration,
but to no more, than that given a
man who had actually worked in the
plant for five years. In event of lay.
offs, man with six years of seniority
would be kept on the payroll while
the veteran would be dropped. In
enacting the statute on which this
doctrine is based, Congress presum-
ably felt that men who had been
exposed to the dangers and hard
ships of military service, thereby
forfeiting the opportunity to earn
relatively high wages in war plants,
should be compensated with favored
treatment in the postwar JOB market.
In any event. that is the effect of the
law, as it has been interpreted by
selective service and the courts.
1t is worth noting, however, that
Judge Abruzzo stated that, in seeking
to apply the will of Congress, he
was mot concerned with the equity
of the situation nor with whom the
returning veterans had to displace."
This would seem to imply that the
Judge was conscious of the presence
OF an element of inequity, and if this
be correct, the superseniority doc
trine, over the years, may well prove
harmful rather than beneficial to
the men who have fought and won
this war
Evening star., 1945-09-04

a forced indemnity of 100000 the
latter. South Mountain, Antietam
and Monocacy were authentic battles
fought within short distance of the
town. One sharp engagement was
staged on the outskirts, and there
were several cavalry skirmishes in
the main streets.
The celebration yesterday revived
all of these and many other stories.
It served likewise to indicate the
course of community progress which
lies ahead. Two hundred years
hence Frederick may be as big and
as populous as Washington and Bal
timore now are. If so, let it be hoped
that it also still will possess the
beauty and the charm which it now
has
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Frederick

The bicentennial of Frederick,
celebrated yesterday, was an incident
of Importance even though it was
obliged to compete with tremendous
world events for public attention.
Crowds from the surrounding coun-
try flocked into the town for a mill
tary and civic parade, exercises at
Baker Park, a birthday party and
ball at the Armory and a reception
at the Francis Scott Key Hotel. The
weather was congenial, the program
had been well planned, it was carried
out to perfection and everybody was
happy.
Such enterprises of commemora-
ton obviously justify themselves as
connecting links between the past
and the future. The throngs in
Frederick on September 3, 1945,
learned something worth knowing
about how typical American county
seat got started. A certain Benjamin
Tasker surveyed a 30,000-acre tract
in the vicinity in 1725 and was
granted patent to the tract in 1927.
His heirs sold 7,7O0 acres to Daniel
Dulaney the elder, who, in collabora-
ton with his brother Patrick, laid
out a townsite and advertised for
settlers among the Palatine Ger
mans of Pennsylvania in 1745.
Among the first families to respond
was that of John Thomas Schley.
The prosperity of the place de-
veloped in direct relation with the
flow of traffic between Virginia and
the North. One of the principal
roads connecting the Southern
colonies with their Western and New
England neighbors brought a steady
stream of travellers over the green
hills. General Braddock appeared
in 1755, allegedly cursing because of
lack of wagons and horses for his
ill-starred expedition to Fort Du-
quesne. Benjamin Franklin provided
the wanted facilities as promptly as
possible, but it would have been
better for the general if he had failed
and the expedition never moved.
A century afterward Frederick
played leading role in the Civil
| War largely because of the rich
wheat fields nearby. Confederate
troops under Lee and Jackson occu-
pied the town on September 6, 1862,
and Jubal Early's army took it again
on July 8, 1854. The famous legend
Of Barbara Frietchie distinguished
the former Of these two "invasions,"
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Public Squure

Behind the granite monument the cold
colossal thunderhedd
OF cloud redrs Mp against an snkv
canyon OF slate sky:
Clear In the last shaft OF bright sun
before impending storm
The high bronze eagle matches his
domain pith passipe eye.
BelotD, the girls In brilliant surn,ey
dresses, as so many moths.
Revolue In light confusion at the
Uast heroic fountains nm;
Like moths, like agile ballet dancers In
the face OF fate,
While tGris honk, and netosboys CRY
and sky grotos dim.
And no,o the last OF light dissolpes upon
the eagles ,Dings;
Ice-iohite the glitter OF great rain
drops in first lightning fash,
And tDith faint scream OF moths or
mice the little ,oorld
Takes coDer IN q near arcade before
the thunder's crash.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Russiu and Peace

dress to the Russian people places
its main emphasis on the great fact
that the war is at last over. The
words are those of man who must
feel deep sense of relief after long
years of carrying the heaviest bur-
dens of leadership in a country
which probably lost more blood and
treasure than any other victim of
Axis aggression.
1t is hardly to be doubted that the
Stain government, no less than the
Russian masses, desires nothing so
much as a warless era in which to
reconstruct the devastated areas of
the Soviet Union and to move for
ward from there into a period of
vast internal development. In many
ways, the country-by far the larg-
est land mass in the worlds not
unlike America of so or rs years
ago. Its immense natural resources
are still largely unexploited, and if
1t can but feel secure along all its
frontiers, it can make itself over into
an Industrial and agricultural giant
offering almost limitless opportuni-
ties for the social and economic bet
terment of it's people.
GeneralisSimo Stain almost GER
tainly has some such prospect in
view. Indeed, the last sentence of
his address implicitly refers to it.
May our motherland thrive and
prosper" he says-a hope likely to
strike a responsive chord in the
heart of every Russian. 1t is signifi-
cant, too, that the Soviet leader de-
clares, Now we can say that condi-
tlons necessary for the peace of the
world have already been won" The
words suggest that in his own mind
at least he is convinced that there
need not be any war for long
time to come, if ever; that the Sc
curity of Russia is guaranteed and
that the country can now proceed
with its self-development without
fear of molestation.
The destruction of Germany's war
potential and the political upheaval
in the countries of Eastern Europe
certainly seem to make secure the
borders of Western Russia. SINH
larly, in the east, where Japan has
been crushed and where a highly
reassuring treaty has been worked
out with China, there appears to be
nothing likely to endanger the
sovietS. Moreover, Generalissimo
Stains declaration that Southern
Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands will
now revert to Russian possession
a statement presumably based on
an inter-Allied agreement not yet
formally announced-clearly indi-
Gates that the country can look for
ward to the strategic and economic
advantage of safe and free pass
age into the Pacific.
@AAA .iiAiSo SoliSAocleu, uoI III many
a long year has Russia had more
reason to feel genuinely secure. -Ac-
cordingly, it ought to be able to con-
centrate with unprecedented vigor
upon the task of promoting its do
mestic prosperity. The potentiali-
ties in this respect are tremendous,
and since lasting peace is essen
tial to their naturalization, the
Soviet Union-for it's own self-ln-
terest if for nothing else-may we'll
prove to be one of the most active
and earnest promoters of such
peace in the new era Immediately
ahead
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Letters to The Star
Says Many Persons Will Not
Agree That Problem Is Spiritual
To the Editor of The Star:

10 the EDITOR OF The Star:
THE problem basically is theolosical and
involves spiritual recfudescence and improve
ment OF human character that will synchronize
with our almost matchless advance in science,
development in the past 1000 years. II must
be of the spirit If we are to save the flesh"
Those words of Gen. Macarthur last
Saturday night must have sounded both
strange and foolish to host of people
around the world. They certainly are
words completely out Of touch with the
modern" diagnosis of our basic prob
lem. Joseph Stain could have given
Macarthur some pointers about the
matter. He is convinced that the prob
lem is basically economic. Any of his
followers, from Laski in London to any
speaker for the CIO, would have been
glad to pass on this information to
Macarthur. Even the NAM and other
big-husiness organizations would have
agreed that the problem is basically
economic. Only the NAM twist it
bit so that it becomes a problem of
getting people to give their allegiance
to freedom of enterprise" above any
or all other freedoms.
And, the economic diagnosis is not
the only one Macarthur overlooked.
There is the diagnosis of the run-of-
the mill educators who would have told
the General for certain that the prob
lem Is basically educational Or, the
diagnosis of the scientific elite who
could have informed Macarthur that
the problem is basically one of getting
the people to approach everything
scientifically" Zone look at Hiroshima
or Nagasaki would have shown what
results follow upon approaching prob
lem scientifically Others could have
informed the General of the reasons why
the problem is basically sociological, or
political, or organizational. Hitler,
Rosenberg and Bilbo could have en-
lightened Macarthur on the funda-
mental racial nature of the problem:
ie., how to put the lesser races" in
their place and take things over for the
superior race" -"
And SO on we could go. piling up
opinions, all of them modern" which
could have enlightened Macarthur on
the true nature of mans problem. And
with so many opinions and points of
view at his disposal, it almost seems a
shame that the General should have
turned to the point of view of a book
as old as the Bible 1t is almost as If
he had been reading of Joshua of old,
who faced another postwar generation
with the simple decision: Choose you
this day whom you will serve; the lesser
gods Of the people around you, or the
Lord God of Israel. - But. as for
me and my house, we will serve the
Lord" 80
Turning for his point of view to such
old stuff as the Bible, must have made
Gen. Macarthur very unpopular with
our modern enlightened ones. Isn't it
shame that such view as that he
stated should be given worldwide hear
ing? Or is it?
BERNARD MUNGER,
Minister, Ingram Memorial
Congregational Church.
Evening star., 1945-09-04

and girls are trudging willingly to
school. And when teacher steps to
the doorway and swings the bell that
means it is time to line up, it also
means that democracy is in action.
First day in school Is a rich tradi-
ton in a great nation.
Evening star., 1945-09-04
The West Aaain Proposed

Inc west again proposed
To the Editor of The Star:
There is so much hue and cry about
letting people out" (of the Government
service, etc. all over the country. 1t
seems to me that there are so many re-
sources in this country that no one
need worry about his daily bread.
Surely there are still rich mining
projects in the West which would be
worth delving into; there must be silver
and gold and copper which have not been
depleted. With so many young men
coming out OF the Army and Navy into
private life, think some effort should
be made to help direct them into such
small business" projects. This is surely
the time for private enterprise to func-
ton wherever and however it can.
Naturally. one would expect a mining
engineer to have a degree in engineer
Ing or perhaps some experience with
metals or ores, but. since hard work
often will accomplish miracles, it seems
to me that some Of our youngsters would
find fascinating and profitable careers
in some such small business" projects
in the West.
MRS MILDRED U. MICHAELSON.
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Tribute to Gen. Wainwright

Tribute to Gen. Wainwright
To the Editor of The Star:
1t would appear that 1t. Gen.
Jonathan M. Wainwright should have
had a part in the surrender ceremony
other than just receiving a pen used in
signing the unconditional surrender.
Probably no other American played a
more important role in the war with
Japan than did Gen. Wainwright. 1t
seems a providence of God that he was
left in the Philippines to lead our people
when they were so pitifully outnumbered
by the enemy. His knowledge of the
Japanese people and his sincere love for
his own people inspired the Americans
and alleviated their suffering. He is an
excellent soldier and leader, courteous
gentleman representing the best tradi-
tions of our Army and our country. BY
those who have been privileged to know
him he is admired, respected and loved
as real man. Ever since Pearl Harbor
he has been a source of inspiration and
courage to all Americans in different
parts of the world.
Maybe we should just be thankful to
God that Gen. Wainwright is still alive
and the war Is over.
HENRY P. AMES.
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Urges Monday Holidays

To the Editor OF The Star:
Labor Day always is celebrated on a
Monday. That is sensible. All holidays
should be celebrated on Mondays.
The Fourth of July this year was
celebrated on Wednesday. A midweek
holiday requires special motor and train
transportation for many and requires
many to stay at home.
A Monday holiday giving three-day
week end is a holiday indeed. A mid
week holiday is only partial holiday.
Have we the common sense to do what
is clearly wise-celebrate all holidays on
Mondays?
Let us now begin to take the neces-
sary steps so that before long all holi-
days throughout the United States shall
be celebrated on Mondays.
DELCEVARE KING
Evening star., 1945-09-04
Name Does Not Matter

To the Editor of The Star:
The Murray full employment bill is
providing subsidy for private industry
and in the long run will fail to ac-
complish its objective.
I cannot see where it is any different
than the WPA or any other alphabet
soup agency we have had in the past,
for as long as the taxpayer has to
provide the necessary cash to sustain
full employment, it doesn't matter by
what name you call 1t, it will spell
disaster for the Nation in the end.
FREDERICK e. HORTSMANN.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1945-09-27
Otie >seu Gelepken g..
Silft ibrcm Mnseitetlten @ebaninna
Sn finben

0:ii, Ecrioaal Department Ser
Sbio 9sQ le!epbon So. Eat Sfritte
unterl'ommsn Sen Nnge!tellten Per
@elellid)ait, oie lid beniaehallillngs-
nrobIcrr eaaeiliiber iebeu. sic ollrh
ibre SerIeBung oocr 8eforocrung
berporJcrnlcn lponbcn iinp, az beliea
Mfit Sem .Wangel an leeren Sauiern
uno apartments periud,t Die Gim-
pann l,nttr Ylan "Gacetolipe" 81
helfen, ln3ent sic Mngeiiellten Der
Company bieie ucrltdnSigen ,pe,in
@oBn.ingcn icer iuerorn I'm aber
Nie enttoltd)uIlg uno rinfruhtbarc
llnteriudungcn 81 rer.nil,oern er-
flGrt Der Ylan sal, Sic Snfornatloa
nlr clitattct lperben irii ipenn Nn-
geItelltc periInlih tpiiieh bon Wcb.
nungan. ale 5u permietcn iinS.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1945-09-27
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