davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
FACTORY GIRLSARE
AMONG FIRST TO
ORGANIZE UNIONS

(This is the third Of a bi-weekly series
on American labor history written for
Federated Press and the Montana Labor
News by DR.. Foner, an instructor at the
jefferson School of Social Science and
an authority on American history)
Before the l84O's there was little Or
ganization among factory workers. Many
Of them were girls who came to the tex
tile mills from surrounding farms and
returned when working conditions be-
came mtolerable. They conducted mill
tant strikes in 1884 and 1886 in Lowell,
Waltham, Lawrence and other New Eng
land mill towns but rarely did they Or
ganize unions to continue the struggle
after victory or defeat They felt little
need for permanent union organization
so long as they could return to the
farm
During the 1840s the situation radical
ly changed The factory girls were be-
coming more and more dependent upon
their wages for existence. Many were
daughters of Iaborers who lived in the
city slums. Others came from regions
distant from the mills Unable any
longer to escape easily the miserable
conditions in the factories, the girls
began to organize to improve their con-
ditions.
In 1845 the Lowell Female Reform AS
sociation was formed by the factory girls
in the "City Of spindles." ." Sarah G. Bag
ley, its president, was the first woman
labor leader in American history, Like
the union itself, she was a militant de-
fender of the rights of labor. In addi-
ton to organizing the factory girls to
obtain higher wages and better working
conditions, the Lowell union even en-
gagged in political action-and this at a
time when women could not even vote.
When the chairman Of the Nassachu-
setts legislature committee, set up to
study the hours Of labor, refused to listen
to a delegation representing the Lowell
union the organized factory girls re-
| solved to defeat him for reelection and
called upon the men of Lowell to vote
him down. After the election the Low
ell union made public the following reso-
luton
Resolved, that the members Of this
association tender their grateful ac-
acknowledgement to the voters Of Lowell
for consigning William Schouler to the
obscurity he so justly deserves for treat
ing so ungentlemanly the defense made
by the delegates of this association be-
fore the special committee Of the legis-
lature to whom was referred petition fol
the reductions of the hours of labor, Of
which he was chairman
The Lowell girls were responsible fol-
the spread of unionism among working
women in other factory districts in
America. Representatives of the Lowell
union attended mass meetings of fac
tory girls in New Hampshire, Connect
cut, Pennsylvania and other parts oi
Massachusetts,
Men working in the factories at thl
time-mainly weayers and other skilled
mechanics-aidedt the girls in organizing
The mems auxiliary was an interesting
feature of this cooperation. When the
factory girls went out on strike, the
mems auxiliary assisted them by stand
ing guard to prevent Wgilantes from
breaking up their picket lines.
The organization Of the factory work
| ers had started.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
THOMAS ASKSFOR
POSTWAR JOBS
IN Home BUILDING

CHICAGO -FP)-The building in
dustry must provide a minimum Of g.
100000 Jobs in the postwar period, Of
which 2,25OO0O must be engaged spe-
officially in home building, President R.
j. Thomas of the United Auto workers
oCIO) told the National Association of
Home Builders here.
With this labor force, he said, slightly
over 1,75O,OOO homes could be produced
each year" Thomas, who heads the CIO
committee on housing and community
development also called for:
l. A housing program that win pro
vide decent. safe new living accommc-
dations for slightly over half Of our
American families with incomes not
over $4,000 per year"
2. Public stimulus to progressive pri-
vate enterprise to help it meet the ma
tions postwar employment and hous-
ing needs" with definite government
controls to ENSURE the return Of such
public benefits from aided corporations"
3. An adequate program Of publicly
subsidized housing" for low income
groups unable to purchase or rent de
cent new housing supplied at a profit"
4. All necessary preliminary steps FOR
the launching of large-scale housing
construction, both private and public, to
stimulate employment"
S. A vigorous program "of urban and
rural slum clearance and redevelop-
ment'
6. A federal department Of housing
and community development with its
head a member Of the Presidents cabi-
net"
2. Unification Of "as many as possible
Of the consumer and producer groups
behind a sound, long-range, progressive
and overall program Of postwar hous-
ing and community development"
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
CLIO Greets Italian
Labor Convention

NEW YORK.-CFP)- )-traternal gleeV-
ings and pledge Of solidarity were
cabled January % to the Rome conven-
ton Of the Italian General Confedera-
ton of Labor by the Greater New York
CIo Council on behalf of its 100000
members.
American workers stand solidly be-
hind the principles of the Atlantic
Charter and the Moscow and Teheran
agreements guaranteeing to the peoples
of liberated nations the democratic right
to choose their own government" the
cable said. Hailing the great sacrifices
in life, blood and privation" made by the
anti-fascists in italy over many years
it pledged the support Of the American
home-front and the armies Of the United
nations until final victory is won
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
ANTI : ALLACE DRIVE
OPP BEFORE TORY
.SEn..TE COMMITTEE

WASHINGTON-(F Twin stilettos,
politely concealed in well-tailored suits,
were carried into the Senate caucus
room Jan. "a by Senator Walter F.
George D-Ga) and Banker Jesse Jones
in the hope of cutting out the fighting,
political heart of eX-Vice President
Henry A. Wallace.
Testifying before the Senate commerce
committee, which is loaded with tories,
the two witnesses forced their way
through 1000 eager spectators who hoped
to crowd into a room seating about 400.
1t was an enthusiastic anti-Wallaee
crowd. It was well sprinkled with mink
coated women from the top-drawer set
-beieweled women with sagging iowls
who applauded thrusts at the defender
of the Common Man.
In carrying out the anti-Wallace
strategy. the hearing opened on the bill
introduced by George to divorce the
office of Secretary Of Commerce from
the Federal Loan administration which
includes RFC.
Under prodding from Senator Claude
Pepper tD-Fla.) George declined to ad-
nit he introduced his bill ION the very
day President Roosevelt nominated Wal
lace) for the purpose Of knitting him.
George called it a mere coincidence. Ills
dry summary OF the vast RFC powers
took As long minutes to deliver.
Jones. however. who was originally put
into the government by ex-President
Herbert Hoover, had no such delicate
approach After reading a prepared
statement that hurled several slurs wal
lace's way, Jones added
you don't hear very much about the
RFC. That is because it is controlled
by experienced businessmen who have no
ideas about remaking the world
! That remark set off a wave of applause
from the AUDIENCE demonstration
that in other circumstances would be
quickly stopped by the dignified sena-
tors
Jones insisted on separating the RFC
from the office of Secretary Of Com
merce. although Jones has served in
both capacities since 1910.
Jones said. THE man who is given
] the vast responsibilities contained in the
RFC act should be a man of proved and
sound business experience, with busi-
ness knowledge gained from experience
in business. The country has a right to
/ expect man in this important place
whose philosophy is in line with the
principles which made our country
great"
AS clincher, Jones sa.d: Certainly
the RFC should not be placed under
the supervision of man willing to
ieopardize the country's future with un-
tried ideas and idealistic schemes
When Jones was asked about the
power he has used in RFC for the past
four years, he answered that we can
lend anything we think we should. We
can lend any amount any length Of time
to anybody we feel is entitled to
the loan"
RFC has a borrowing authority Of over
S14 billion has borrowed So billion and
has available Sc billion and its subsidiary
operations include the Disaster Loan
corp. Metals Reserve Co, Rubber Re
serve Co.
Jones and George both admitted RFC
will be increasingly important in the
postwar and reconversion periods
between their lines was the idea that
they don't want anyone tinkering with
that power who has plans for creating
60 million Jobs
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
LADIES' AUXILIARY TO
GIVE CARD SOCIAL

The Ladies Auxiliary NO Of Butte
Miners Union will hold their regular
meeting Friday evening at g O'Clock in
the Miners Union hall After the close
Of the regular business at 9 p. m. mem
bers have invited their friends to attend
a card social in the union hall
Ruth Garwood is chairman Of the
entertainment committee.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
CRAFTY COTTON
CORPORATIONS
COURT CONGRESS

WASHINGTON (FP) Having peeked
at the answers in the teachers desk
over at the National War Labor Board,
American cotton textile manufacturers
have picked up their marbles and moved
their anti-labor game up to Capitol Hill.
With pockets swollen with war profits,
the textile mill owners appeared to have
surrendered on the economic field and
then marched right back into the fray
in the political arena.
These maneuvers, all designed to block
efforts to give slbsandard wages a shot
in the arm, shaped up this way Jan. l9.
l. The textile wage case, which is
morally joined with the question of a
new minimum for measuring substand-
ard pay, is all fouled up in the office
of War Sterilization Director Fred Vim
son. 1t is an open secret here that Vim
son would approve a 55c minimum wage
but is opposing the SC an hour across
board increased approved with il
Cbut not officially announced by the
WLB.
2. Mill owners, realizing the jig is up
under the regular rules and in the realm
Of facts have turned to Congress in
desperation.
An opening salvo in the political fight
Of the cotton people came from the
Cotton Textile Institute, Inc. This
management organization is headed uI
by C. #. Murchison of New York, anc
he did some fancy footwork to bring
about a special hearing in the capito
January H.
House Minority Leader Joseph w. Mar
tin, Jr. CR.-Mass) gathered all the New
England congressman he could find
along with some COP senators to attend
the session with Murchison. The mil
owners representative wept out a bitter
story for the statesmen, claiming OPA
has the industry in a "strait-jacket'
limiting profits under a formula thai
bears no relation to volume Of business
done"
House Majority Leader John w. Nc
Cormick (D.-Mass) asked about the bis
profits the cotton men are making to-
day, but Murchison danced around tht
question with a display of agility tina
won wide admiration
Anyway, the congressman and senator
got just the mill owners side. There wa
no statement from the unions or tn
consumers involved. The operators hop
to make OPA into a sort of political pill
box from which they will fight the tex
tile wage increase. What the congress
men failed to hear were these two har,
facts:
/. The cotton textile industry mad
more money in 1942-43 than it had il
the whole 20 years from 1920 through
1899.
2. Through operation of the Bank
head amendment, OPA set cotton good
prices on the false theory that the mill
pay farmers parity prices for raw cotton
Cotton hasn't sold at parity levels TO
years. The margin between the actua
price given the farmer and parity is
windfall for the mill owners tina
amounted in 1914 to $1OO million.
There has been no denial from man
agement of the two points above. Their
will be none Both can be amply sup
ported by cold figures from U. S
/ agencies.
Labors answer, now being readied, vii
come not through the WLB or in pro
test to Vinson, but right up on the play
ing field management has chosen-ol
Capitol Hill. The Textile Workers
union will demand full hearings, and oi
a much broader basis than the cottol
mill owners want
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01

WASHINGTON (FP) The inadequacy
Of using the Bureau Of Labor Statistics
index for computing rises in the cost of
living was sharply pointed out by labor
members of the Presidents Cost Of Liv-
ing Committee when the committee
made public its report that living costs
have risen only 29q5 to 800 since Janu-
ary 194l
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01

LOS ANGELES (FlP) Proud Of the
Job it did in electing a progressive con-
gress and defeating union-busting Pro-
position 70, the Los Angeles Central Lab
or Council went on record for a perm
anent United AFL Political Action COM
mittee and a permanent spot on the air
for Sam Batter, AFI news commentator
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01

NEW YORK -FP)--A S25O,OOo dam
age suit charging malicious, dafamatory
and libelous statements" was filed by the
American Communications association
(CIO) against william Randolph Hearsts
New York Journal-American. President
joseph selly privately filed another suit
for 100000 damages. The charges are
based on a series Of smear articles writ
ten by Hearst's Red-baiting specialist
Howard Rushmore.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01

SAN FRANCISCO CFP) Clearance
Of the way for American citizenship
through dismissal of all charges against
state CIO Director Harry Bridges was
urged BY the Northern California Coun-
ell Of Utility Workers (cIoO.
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
STATES LIBERAL AND PROGRESSIVE VIEWS
FOR POST WAR INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

WASHINGTON.-(FP) )-Included in Henry A. Wal
lace 39page statement of his view Of America in the post
war period these hghlgh presented to the Senate
commerce committee january Is:
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01
SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Overheard in a bus: We'll, he couldn't
afford to leave the job. After all, it
was his bread margarine"
Montana labor news., 1945-02-01

tABoR's IN THE FIGHr-WrTB
PAYDAY DOLLARS FOR WAR BONDS
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07
Mrs. Rose Blanchard
Entertuins At Bridge
Thursday Afternoon

Mrs. Nose Blanchard enter
tanned a few friends at a card
party Thursday at her home on
Jackson avenue where the liv-
ing room was prettily decorated
carrying out the Christmas mo-
tiff.
The high score went to Mrs.
B. H. Picket, low score to Mrs.
Francis j. Frederic, and the cut
prize was won by Mrs. John
Smith.
At the conclusion of the card
games Mrs. Blanchard was as
sisted by her mother, Mrs. M.
L. Pol, and daughter, Jean, in
serving dainty sandwiches, cold
drinks and fruit cake.
Those who enjoyed this cour-
tesy were: Mesdames John
Smith, P. w. Cox, Francis j.
Frederic, B. H. Pickett, j. II.
Mallon, Richard Sneeringer and
Fred Williams.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

Wearing the Air Medal and
with six battle stars on his ETC
ribbon, 1st 1t. Leo Davis is en-
joying a 45-day furlough with his
wife and young daughters, Mar
garet Ann at their home at 1902
Williams street, Pascagoula.
1t. Davis is recently back
from Europe where he saw serv-
ice in Italy, Germany and France,
but has signed with the US Air
Corps for the duration of the
National Emergency in which he
hopes to receive an assignment
near his home. He entered the
Air Corps as a cadet in Febru-
airy, l943.
His younger brother, Curtis,
joined the Navy while he was
still a student at the Vancleave
high school and was called to
active duty in October. He is
now undergoing training at the
Naval base at San Diego, Calf
They are sons of MI. and Mrs.
Earl S. Davis of. Vancleave.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

Williams who have returned to
Poplarville from Puerto Caliezas,
Nicaragua.
Mr. and Mrs. Murphy Dufrene
and small son from Des Allie
mands, La, spent Sunday with
the latter's parents, Mr. and Mrs.
H. L. Roberts.
Mrs. D. N. Campbell and Mrs
B. N. Tynes were visitors to Mo
bile last week.
A party was given Tuesday in
honor OF Mrs. Laura Louma on
her birthday. A delicious lunch
con was served to Mrs. M. E.
Hubert, ST., Mrs. A. J. Mack,
Mrs. G. ", Wyatt, Mrs. Ira Wy
att, Mrs ]. A. Golf, Mrs. Alice
Livaudais, Mrs. Allen Livaudais
and Mrs. Eva Cooper of Mobile.
Mrs. c. M. Gordon and son of
Gulfport and Mrs. o. j. Gordon
of Union, Miss, yer visitors in
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. l.. c,
| Gordon last week.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. E. Nelson and
children were visitors to New
Orleans Sunday.
Billy Turner spent the week
end with his brother, Frank Tur-
ner and family, in Bay Minettei
Ala, Sunday.
The Escatawpa boys basket
ball team defeated the GautieI
boys at Escatawpa last Friday
by a score of % to 5.
S &c Ebert McNeece and his
wife and daughter were visitors
of Mr.. and Mrs. Bill McNeece
last week.
Mrs. O. M. McNeece and Glen
Smith were visitors to Mobile
Friday.
Mr. and Mrs. T. B. Barber and
children were visitors to Luce
dale Sunday.
Mrs. D. L. Waites and Leonard
Kittrell were visitors of Mrs.
Charles bryant of st. Elmo, Ala,
this week.
Mrs. D. L. Waites and children
of Biloxi spent the weekend with
Mrs. S. l.. Golf and Mrs. Erie
Golf.
Mrs. Glen Smith of Philadel-
phia, Miss, was a visitor in the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Nc
Niece last week.
Mrs. Charles Bryant and chill
dren of st. Elmo visited Mrs. 5
l.. Golf and Mrs. Erie Golf last
week.
Carlton Hanson has just re.
turned from a Maritime schoo.
in New London, Conn.,, where
he finished as ensign. He is the
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07
Escatawpa

Mr.. and Mrs. Hildred Thomas
announce the birth of a daughter,
Sandra Ann, who weighed seven
pounds and ten ounces when she
arrived at the Jackson County
hospital Sunday morning. She
was welcomed by her two broth
ers, Gayle and Cedric. The
grandparents are Mr.. and Mrs. c.
K. Thomas of EseataWpa.
Mrs. B. N. Tynes and children,
Moreno and Billy Wayne, visit
ed Mrs. Tynes' brother-in-law
and sister, Mr.. and Mrs. Curtis
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

ane affair together were Mes
danes T. w. Williams, T. o. Ma
Dry, w. H. Nelson. Jr., T. L. De-
Lashmet, Thomas Coulson, c. S.
Beardslee, S. Peterzell, Spencer
Beebee, A. J. Franklin, F. G,
Spann, Jr., L. X. Mcintosh, and
r. f. Davis.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07
Mrs. BuYlous Stokes
Celebrates Fourth
Birthday of Her Son

On Monday afternoon the
home of Mrs. Baylous Stokes
was the gathering place for a
group of boys whom Mrs. Stokes
had invited in to help her son,
Wayne, celebrate his fourth bir-
thday.
The event of the afternoon was
the cutting of the big birthday
cake which was served with
other refreshments.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

The presence Of fangs in the
mouth OF a snake is the only
certain means of deciding wheth-
err il is venomous or not.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

Except for a temporary cond;-
ton in pythons that brood their
eggs, no reptile is known to gen
crate internal body heat.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

Snakes that are most active at
night have evolved special struc-
lures in the eye that enable them
to see in dim light.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07

In China, more than 500 years
ago, a treatise on carbon black
manufacture was published.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07
Mrs. Williums Is
Honored BY Mrs.
Nelson At PurtY

Among the parties given in
honor of Mrs. T. W. Williams,
Cincinnati, Ohio, during her visit
here as a guest in the home Of
MIR. and Mrs. T. o. Mabry, was
a lovely luncheon bridge party
given in her honor by Mrs. Leon
Nelson on Wednesday.
Pretty p%oinsettias and other
Christmas flowers yer used to
decorate the room where the
guests gathered. Mrs. F. F.
Spann, Jr. received the high
score prize and Mrs. A. ]. Frank
lin the cut prize and honoree was
presented with a gift.
Those who enjoyed this pleas
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-12-07
Hanson.

The Rev. James Williamson,
J. r. Golf and Mrs. c. l.. Mel
son attended the evangelistic
meeting at the First Methodist
church in Gulfport Tuesday.
The Valley settler., 1945-03-23

PUBLIC HI..LTH NURSING EI.:S
 Tho regular monthly Child Health Conference will bo hold Tuesday March 27th from BOO to 400 P.N. ct tho Health Center. Ill children undor school ogo arc invited.
 It is expected that tho supply of papcr for l9A5 will b. about 3O% below thot or l9A4.
 Thoro will be coout 3, 500, 900 flower ccsos Of canncd fruits fHon the l945 pack md l6, 900, 900 f .Hor ccscs of vegetables for the civi liGn consumers. This Is duo to m increase in military require
The Valley settler., 1945-03-23
HOSPITAL NE WS

hiss Mary Stevens, Music teacher pt tho, school, was hospitalizcd c Few days.
 Calvin Finnosand of Chitina is a medical patient.
 Hrs. OR. Mitchell who fro ccturod her hip in, fall is a hospital patient.
 Mrs. Lauritz Loborg is C sur- gical patient.
 Nary Second chief Gnd 43rs. Toz- lino Joe of Copper Center are in for modic@1 ccro. THE DOCTOR DOES NOT .H.V-7 OFFICE
 HOURS OH TUISD--YS
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-03
YANKS SHOW GAIN
ON 0KINAWA ISLE
CONTINUED from Page One)

town of Yonabaru, with strong sup
port from Naval guns and alrcfalt.
The intensified push followed a
day in which the Yanks were hela
to mere local gains by strong en-
envy artillery, mortar and small
arms fire. The fresh offensive start
ed early yesterday morning.
Adm. Chester W. Nimitz' com
munique today reported that ships
batteries destroyed number OF
Japanese gun emplacements,
strong points and boat pens. Car
rier-and land-based aircraft bomb
ed japanese defenses.
Carrier planes also swept targets
on Kume island, west of OklnaWa
and the Sakishima group OF the
southern Ryukyus yesterday. Ma
val search planes sank transpcr
off Korea and three cargo ship:
off the Japanese mainland islands
of Honshu and Kyushu.
Prime detectives of the new push
on southern Okinawa were the is
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-03
PRESIDENT CITES
NAzIS' SURRENDER

WASHINGTON. May 2-R-Pres-
ident Truman today proclaimed the
unconditional surrender of German
forces in Italy as a part of the
general triumph we are expectant-
ly awaiting on the whole continent
Of Europe"
''Only folly and chaos can now
delay the general equalization of
the everywhere defeated German
armies,' the President said in a
statment which also warned ia
pan to understand the meaning
Of these events
Mr.. Truman sent congratulatory
messages to Field Marshal Sir Ha-
rold Alexander and Gen. Mark
Clark, leaders of the Allied ar
mics, whose victory toppled the
last southern barriers to the Ma
zis' Bavarian mountain stronghold
and the Austrian panhandle.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-03
Last Clothing Shipment
Is Expected This Week

At a meeting OF the WILMINGTON
committee OF the United Nations
Clothing {; Collection yesterday in
the community Chest council
chamber in the Tide Water build
ing. 1t was revealed by George
Willard, chairman of the schools
division, that 5,76O pounds of gar
ments were recently packed at
Hemenway school in one day
alone.
Willard stated that about half
OF the schools have completed
packing, and that the others are
expected to finish up by Friday,
with the exception of William
Hooper school.
An appeal for volunteers to help
pack clothing at William Hooper
school after 10 am. was made by
Mrs. ]. S. Crowley, chairman of
the packing committee. Those in
terested should contact Secretary
George Stearns at the Community
Chest in the Tide Water building or
Chairman Wilbur R. Dosher. post
master.
T. c. Davis, of the Senior Fra
ternity, said that the Fraternity.
which covered the area south of
Market street, collected 10 full
truck loads of clothing in Sundays
house-to-house canvass. The Jun
ior Chamber of Commerce. which
covered the area north of Market
street. collected six full truck
loads, 1t was reported. The total