davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
NOTHING TO DO WITH
SLAVE AND FREE STATES

The Mason and Dixon Line never
had anything to do originally between
slave and free states, but achieved an
accidental association at the time of
the Missouri Compromise in 1920,
when John Randolph Of Virginia. re-
ferred to it in Congress as separating
freedom from slavery.
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon,
English astronomers and surveyors,
wearing wigs and knee brooches. ar
rived in Philadelphia after long
and unsettling trans-Atl antic voyage,
and on November IS, 1868, they dis
appeared in the bushes just south
west of Philadelphia, dragging chains
and surveyors Jewels. -Four years
and surveyors levels. Four wears
later they were back tanned and
battered, with their job not quite fin
ished.
Trailing through the dense woods,
they had reached a point in the viz
gin forest 233 miles west of the Della
ware. There wandering group Of Iro-
quois ordered them to halt and shot a
icW arrows in tree near their heads
for emphasis.
There was nothing to do but obey.
The representative of the two land
nroprietors were beyond any existing
Indian purchases and their escort of
DelaWares warned them against cross
ing the CataWba war trail, the Iro-
quols north-south super highway"
for scalping expeditions So Mason
and Dixon, having their share of com
mon sense, turned east again near
what is now Mount Morris, Greene
county, Pa. They worked their way
slowly back, broadening the trail into
VStas and planting markers They
surveyed at night by means of the
stars. Later the line was finished.
But their accomplishment stands to-
day as one of the most important
boundaries in American history. The
line runs on a parallel 80 degrees Is
minutes and 1858 seconds and must be
distinguished from the line of the
Missouri Compromise, which follows
parallel 36 degrees and 30 minutes,
Before the running Of the Mason
and Dixon Line constant and bitter
disputes arose among the inhabitants
who dwelt along the border of the
provinces of Maryland and Pennsyl-
Vania and the line itself was estab-
llshcd as a peace measure.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
MOUNDS USED AT
PLACES FOR MARK Frs

One of the erroneous impressions is
that the line was marked altogether
with stone. At points almost inacces-
slble the surveyors were obliged to
resort to mounds of earth or rock and
both can yet be seen intact after
nearly 200 years. Because of inferior
transportation methods stones could
not be carried to some points.
The original stone markers, many
of which are still intact, were trans
ported from England They are of a
light grayish- brown color being a pc
culiar admiXture of sand and lime
stone, and are distinguishable by pc
culiar odor, not unlike sulphur. When
"a stone is broken, this odor is quite
fresh.
Those which were planted east of
Sideling Hill were loaded at New Cas-
tie, Del, and transported across the
country. Those for points west of
Sideling Hill were brought up the Pc
tomac on flatboats. The stones weigh
in the neighborhood Of 500 pounds
and are AZ feet long by one foot
square. When the work of restoring
was begun in 1901 it was necessary to
substitute rs new stones for those car
iied away or broken. The new stones
oil ll
and 10 inches square. Every fifth
stone is a crown stone with the coat of
arms Of Penn on one side and the es-
cutcheon Of Lord Baltimore on the
other.
Fourteen old stones that were re-
covered were replaced west Of Side
ling Hill. Interesting experiences were
related in retracing and recovering old
stones. 1t is said that at least eight
persons who were responsible for the
removal or demolition Of the stones
meant death in tragic way-by sui
eide, murder, hanging or accident
Fourteen old stones planted west of
Sideling Hill were recovered near
Clearspring, Md. Some were found in
! buildings as door steps; others were
converted into porch steps or as sills
in carriage yards. Two were taken out
Of the Park Head church on the Ma
tional Highway, nine miles east of
Hancock.
At Ellcrslic, the crown stone is con
spicuous and is a fac-simile of the
stone in possession of the Pennsyl-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
THOMAS CRESAP
ENTERS THE SCENE

The most prominent of these border
feuds was one which led to the arrest
OF one Thomas Cresap, a citizen of
Maryland, accused of numbering a
Pennsylvania. The sheriff of Lancas-
ter county and a posse of "a men
crossed the Susquehanna with the
purpose of taking Cresap by surprise.
Cresap, however, learned of the plot
and with his wife. children and his
friends barricaded himself in his
home.
When the Pennsylvanians arrived
he refused to surrender and fired fur
'ously at the attackers, who had called
IN more aid. Being unable to storm the
house, the sheriff threatened to set fire
to it. Still Cresap resisted. The house
was fired and at last, just few min
utes before the roof fell in, Cresap
and his family rushed out. shooting at
the PennsylVanians as they ran.
Cresap was arrested and taken to
Philadelphia, where crowds lined the
streets to get glimpse of the Mary
land Monstcr.' But Cresap was equal
to the occasion. Turning to the crowds
he tainted them by declaring: "Why,
this is the finest city in the province of
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

Maryland" Had the original grant
been adhered to, Philadelphia would
be in Maryland.
Lord Baltimore originally claimed
the entire peninsula between the Ches-
apeake and Delaware Bays, while
Penn declared his own grant from
the crown extended southwark to the
headwaters of the Chesapeake where
he wanted to build port. Penn was
more highly favored in London and
won more than did Baltimore in the
settlement. Together they agreed to
pay Mason and Dixon SIS, 900 to make
the de luxe survey.
Very little is known concerning
Mason, but Dixon came of an old col
liery-owning family of Cockfeld in
Durham. That his was a self taught
astronomer we know from an incident
in his interview with a committee of
the Royal Society which selected him
to go to Sumatra to observe the tran
sit of Venus in 1868.
cat what university, Oxford or
Cambridge, did you get your knowl-
edge of astronomy? they asked him.
in neither he replied. 'In my pit
cabin on Cockfield Fell"
Apparently he learned surveying
thoroughly, as rechecks of his line
have failed to make a single change
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
THOROUGHNESS OF
ORIGINAL WORK

Engineers today marvel at the
.horoughness Of the work of Mason
and Dixon, who despite the means of
transportation and being harassed by
the Indians, accomplished a work with
the surveyors remarking the line at
some points found it difficult to imi-
tate. The country is yet rough and in
later years engineers passing through
1t in making railroad surveys stated
it was the most difficult of access they
ever encountered.
In 1849, a revision of the line was
made by commissioners appointed by
the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland
and Delaware. SO accurate was the
work of Mason and Dixon that the
change involved by the correction
to less than two acres, which were ad-
ded to the area of Maryland.
In 1901, when the work of restor-
ing markers on the line was started,
| had an assignment from the Phila-
delphia Press, no longer published, to
send a story.
The concluding paragraph of my
story read: "The Reformed Church of
Ellerslie, six miles above Cumberland,
Is directly on the line The pastor,
Rev. DR.. A. r. kreamer, can step from
Maryland to Pennsylvania in the pull
pit while preaching"
Given then as a fact, it has since
been denied by engineers that the
church is directly on the line, How
ever, it is so near it that it is a shame
that such a unique claim should be
shattered.
Airmen say traces of the line are
visible from planes and airplane pas
sengers become much Interested
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
vania Historical Society at Philadel.
pha.
RETRIEVED FROM A
BALTIMORE CELLAR

The latter stone was found in a
cellar at the corner of Calvert and
Lombard streets, Baltimore 1t came
from point 156 miles from the
northeast corner, near Fairview on
North Mountain between Hancock and
Clearspring. The stones used in re-
marking were dragged to rugged
heights by farmers teams. Several
were gotten to the summit of Wills
Mountain on the tram road of a
brick plant
There is story of interest in
connection with the first stone set up
in the northeast corner, near North
East, Md, and Newark, Del. 1t had
been accidentally broken before the
Revolution and pieces were fastened
together with leaden bands. After the
war broke out, these bands were re-
moved by the patriots and nodded into
bullets, which were fired at the Brit
ish al the battle of Brandywine. The
upper part Of the stone fell and was
lost and through time the lower part
became covered with earth The stone
was found in a dark ravine after
United States Typographical engineers
located the spot Workmen in sinking
the hole to place the new stone found
the long-buried portions of the old
stone
Some have been under the impress
sion that the line was thirty feet
wide. A farmer asked the engineers
II he could have section of the line
for private use, that it was used by
neither state and he could realize from
1t by putting out crops. The line is
simply imaginary and the fallacious
impression that it was thirty feet
wide comes from the fact that in MAX
ing the survey, Mason and Dixon cut
a gap through the almost impenetra-
bic wilderness, traces of which remain
to this day. The survey of this line
was no trivial engineering feat, as
some are wont to believe 1t is a we'll
authenticated fact that the work cost
in the neighborhool of 100000 and
st one time Mason and Dixon had in
their employ as many as one hundred
aXemen.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
VINDEX

Mr.. and Mrs. James Johnston gave
a birthday party March S, honoring
their daughter Ellen. Those present
were Margaret Lipscomb, Betty Har-
vey, Janet Evans, Dorothy Beeman
Jacqueline and Mona Rohrbaugh, Clio
ria Tasker, Evelyn and Betty Friend
jerry Dewitt, George Riggleman
Walter and Henry Kelly, Leona Tur-
ner, Donnie, Harold, Wayne, Roger
and Ellen Johnston.
Mrs. Roscoe Rohrbaugh returned
Saturday after visiting her husband
Pvt. Roscoe Rohrbaugh, stationed at
Springfield, Mass
Due to illness, Mrs. Leighton is con-
fined to her home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Parks and fam
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

From then on the Indians were trou-
blesome. In September of 1867, 26 of
their assistants left them through
fear Of the Shawnees and Delawares.
Within SO miles of the whole distance
to be run, they came upon the war
path and were told it is the will of the
Six Nations that their surveys come
to an end.
1t should be borne in mind that the
north and south line which divides
Delaware from Maryland is really a
part Of the Mason and Dixon line,
making an error of the popular i'm
preston that "the line" was the boun-
Diary between free and slave states.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

lily visited friends and relatives at
Eglon, West Va.
Mrs. Silas Johnston and family, Of
Swanton, were recent visitors at the
home Of Mr.. and Mrs. James John
ston.
Mr.. and Mrs Arthur Steyer and
daughters, of Steyer, visited with Mr..
and Mrs. Jack Pencil, recently
Mrs. Ruth Corbin, New York City,
visited her brother, Charles Pennell.
Miss Anna Carr is confined to her
home, due to illness.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

New York's legislature passed a
bill prohibiting racial or religious dis
elimination in employment
The largest diamond ever discovered
in East Africa was found recently 1t
weighs about 100 carats and is valued
at 100000.
The recent flood in the Ohio valley
termed the fourth worst in its history.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

the supporting President. If it were
not for the link binding him to the
Clio, regulation long ago would have
been achieved And neither Mr.. Lewis
nor any other labor boss would be
able to play games with us while the
war is on,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

An eclipse of the sun is scheduled
on July 9, total from northwestern
United States to southern Russia.
C, W. Bryan, IS. brother of William
Jennings Bryan, governor of Nebraska
three times. died March
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
Lee CARL'S SCRAPBOOK

BY FRANK LEE CARL
A Series of Articles Prepared by a Staff
Writer On the Cumberland Sunday Times
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
TIE GREAT
GAME OF
POLITICS .
By FRANK r. KENT.

Copyright by The Baltimore Sun and
reprinted in The Republican by per-
mission.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

FINALLY, when a bill passed both
Iouses, the President vetoed it and it
vas then passed over his veto. 1t is
IN Intellectual law but all we have. 1t
las not stopped stiikcs-or even
slowed them down. Since then the
Go has increased in political in
fucnce and, with supporting Pl'esi-
cent, the difficulties Of getting legis-
lation are clear. The real trouble is
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15
1ou6HsC RUGGED

For sil.~esthet protection against sum
me sun and winter snow, your best buy
i, Marietta Porch g. Deck Psint lis
built to take punishment oil year round,
Choice Of rich colon.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1945-03-15

Washington, March 10.
THE BEST informed opinion is that
there will be no coal strike at the end
of this month. At most, there may be
day of idleness in the mines. But
that is all. The Government knows
how the current controversy between
the coal operators and Mr., Lewis is
coming out SO does Mr.. Lewis. SO do
the operators. The only one who does
not know is the consuming public, who
will pay the bill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Stocks Drop Sharply
After SeIective Rise
In Early Trading
BY VICTOR EUBANK,
Associated Press Financial Writer

+ NEW YORK, Mar. ls.-Stocks
suffered a sharp selloff during the
lunch hour in today's market after
early quiet strength had been ex-
hibited by selected rails, air trans
ports and specialties.
Profit cashing on last weeks re-
covery, combined with fresh recon-
version apprehension inspired by
the sweep Of the Allies in Germany,
received most of the blame for the
relapse. Investment services were
more or less pessimistic for the
near term and, brokers suggested,
this may have had something to do
with liquidation. Splitups, earn
ings, dividends ana imitation psy-
chology bolstered individual issues.
Trend were only slightly uneven
at the start, with several broad adj
vances in evidence During the
stumble prices wilted to points
generally with isolated losses run
ming to 10 or So Dealings then
slowed and comebacks appeared in
the majority of cases approaching
the finish. Transfers exceeded l.
900, 900 shares for the first time in
more than q week.
Laclede Gas common and pre-
ferred were unusually heavy, the
latter falling about II points. Prom
inent casualties included Chrysler,
Bethlehem, u. S. Rubber, Eastern
Air Lines, Sears-Roebuck, Westing-
house, Philip Morris, Atlantic Coast
Line, Great Northern, American
Smelling and Du Pont. Contesting
the shift were MKT preferred,
Reading, K. C. Southern, Schenley
and National Aviation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Police Probe Travels
OF Confessed Slayer
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LITTLE ROCK, Ark, Mar. 10
Police disclosed today they were at
tempting to check up on the Hitch
hiking absences from the State Of
James w. Hall, "a, cab driver and
son of a minister, who they say has
confessed killing six persons in Ar
kansas.
Capt. j. Earl Scroggin of the
State police said officers in Okla
homa and Texas have asked for in
formation about Hall in an attempt
to solve hitch-hiking killings in
those States
Chief O. NJ Martin of the Little
Rock detectives said he had learned
that Hall returned from California
about two months ago.
Hall Saturday directed officers to
a spot where they found the body
of his l9-year-old bride in a ravine
near here.
Prosecuting Attorney Sam Robin
son of Pulaski County said he was
preparing to file a formal charge
of flrst-degree murder against Hall
in connection with his wife's death
last August.
Besides his wife, Capt. Scroggin
said, Hall has admitted killing and
robbing j. P. Newcomb, jr., State
boiler inspector, and four other
persons, all but one of them in the
last two months while hitching rides
about Arkansas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Washington Produce

From the War Food Administration,
prices paid net fob. WASHINGTON
EGGS = Market hrm; nearby receipts
rather light and declining, with consumer
demand continuing broad Prices paid for
Federal-State graded eggs received from
browns, mixed colors. u s. grade A. large,
$500; average, 371a; U. s.. grade A,
B. large, 1876; average. IS; U. S grade
B. medium; SO; U. S. grade c, 1892:
average, 29H2
LIVE POULTRY-Market firm: arrivals
include two truck loads today and two
medium loads received late Saturday for
authorized professors. Three medium loads
arrived Saturday and two today for civilian
distribution. Prices shown reflect those
paid within existing price. control regula-
tons, but do not cover other poultry sold
on the market, for which prices were not
available. Prices paid net fob. Washing
ton TRANSPORTATION charges included &C
s snd f1ye TO mieaee Few 29 b5oilsrs
$500 per pound.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Steel Needs Greatest
In Sheets and Strips,
|WPB Screens Orders
BY the Associated Press.


CLEVELAND. Mar 19.-The
tightest production problem in the
steel industry at the moment is in
sheets and strips but every effort
is being made to eliminate plate ton
mage from strip mill schedules as
rapidly as manpower for processing
lighter products becomes available, /"
the magazine Steel reported.
Steel demand continues in excess
Of production, the publication said,
although Washington is striving to
distribute the load more evenly and
provide capacity for high priority
items.
Recent appeal by the War Pro-
duction Board for consumers to
screen their mill contracts and cam
Gel everything they can spare has
produced some results. but most of
the help in this direction is expected
to come the latter half of this
month"; said Steel. Total gain is
seen as substantial"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Chicago Livestock

CHICAGO, Mar 10 up tWFA) .-Sslable
hogs. 5000: total, 10000 active fully
steady; GOOD and choice barrows and gifts
40 pounds UP at 1915 ceiling: good and
Salable cattle. $4,000: total, $4,000;
saiable calves, 1000; total 900; choice
led steers and yearlings, strong to Is
paid for, $50 pounds averages: best
yearlings, 1920; bulk, 1475-I6.50; heif-
ers, steady to strong; early top. 1925:
COWS: very scarce. steady to strong; bulls
steady, weighty sausage offerings to 1900
and fat bulls mostly 12.00-I3 so: vealers
nrm at 80 down: stock cattle firm,
Salable. Sleeps, 5000; total. 1000: not
enough done early to establish market;
deck medium and good fed lambs about
steady at 1925: generally bidding weak
TO 70 lower against stronger asking prices;
load lots good and choice fed wooled
western lambs held at 1885 and slightly
ABOVE: ewes very scarce, quoted nominally
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
6 Have Been Member,
OF Stock EXCHANGE
More Than 50 Years
By EDWARD C. STONE

Six of the Bill members of the
New York Stock Exchange have
held seats for more than so years
and ~ for more than 40 years, ac-
cording to the 1945 Year Book just
received here. Fifty-three of the
5,898 members of the Exchange
Community, who have entered the
armed services, have lost their
lives, among them being member
firm partners and employees.
The highest price paid for a
membership in 1914 was $4,000
and $4,000 the lowest. Members
with the exchange for more than
so years include Frederick H.
Prince, who joined in 1885; Edward
w. Clark. Henry S. Sternberger,
Leonard D. White, Edwin G. Bruins
and Edward c. Anness. Howard
Gould has been a member since
1898 and Frank Jay Gould since
1899.
There are AIT member firms in
New York and las out-of- town
member firms, including w. B.
Hibbs 81 Co., Auchincloss, Parker
Il Redpath, and Folger, Nolan &
Co., of Washington. Six exchange
firms maintained branch offices in
this city during 1914. Ten stock and
six bond tickers were operated in
the Capital, and six electric quo
tation boards. At the year-end the
exchange had 1890 employees, IA
for more than 40 years.
Hecht Stock Among Listings.
The survey shows that during the
year 63 special offerings were dis
tributed, embracing BAT, 1924 shares.
with a market value of S27,205 1871
Among the important new listings
In 1914 was the Hecht Co. depart
ment store stock.
During 1914, dividends of $2,222,-
$4,000 were paid on common stocks
and 1869 ,437 900 on preferreds The
Pennsylvania Railroad Co. has paid
dividends consecutively for 81 years
and Washington Gas for 70, the re-
port said.
The review says the most active
day>in 1914 witnessed a turnover of
2,517 $40 shares and S25, 1922 900 in
bonds.
Atlanta Leads Trade Upturn.
From January l through March
10 department store sales in the
Richmond Reserve district gained
Is per cent over the like 1914 pc
Rod, the Federal Reserve Board has
announced. Atlanta led the II Re-
serve districts with a 20 per cent
gain. The average gain for the Ma
ton was II per cent.
In recent testimony before the
Senate Finance Committee. w Ran
dolph Burgess. president of the ABA.
urged restrictions on nonWar ex-
penditureS and recommended that
Government business corporations
engaged in commercial enterprises
be required to return all unused
capital and pay interest on Federal
funds they retain.
ThOrup Goes 10 New York.
Oscar A. Thorup, % years in
Washington with Remington, Rand
Inc, has been transferred to New
York as assistant branch manager
OF the systems division. He has at
tended a great many meetings of
District bankers, is graduate of
the American Institute of Banking.
and native of Boston. He is being
succeeded by H. A. Groth and
George Knoll.
The dinner meeting of the Wash
ington Association of Credit Men at
the Lee Sheraton tomorrow evening
will begin at $50 and be followed by
an address by John A. Reilly, head
of the Second National Bank.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19

Eastern Air Lines elected Stanley
de j. Osborne and Leslie P. Arnold
vice presidents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Odd-Lot Declines

PHILADELPHIA. Mar 19 R.-Ths
PC, securities Commission reported today these
dealers or specialists on the New York
Stock EXCHANGE for March II: 2,s44 pur-.
sales involving 4S,232 shares, including II
short sales involving 555 shares.
Metropolitan Water District Of
Southern California offering of 81
$4,000 of Colorado River Water
Works refunding 41aao, AZ. az
and 80 bonds was marketed by r.
S. Moseley & Co. and associates at
prices to yield 1870 to 21%.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-19
Small Increase Seen
In Crude Oil Stocks
BY the Associated Press.

by the Associated Press.
The Bureau of Mines reported
that stocks of domestic and for
eign crude petroleum totaled 2l8,-
100000 barrels on March 10, a
net increase of $4,000 barrels for the
week. Domestic crude increased
297 900 barrels; foreign crude de-
creased $4,000.
Daily average production was A.
$4,000 barrels, an increase of 5000.
Runs to stills averaged 4,777,000, an
increase of $4,000.