davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-04-17

V Angliji so casopisi posvetili
tri strani svojih stiri strani oh.
segajocih vojnih izdaj Roosevelt.
tn, ma dvoru je bio odrejenc
uradno zalovanje in po vseh Ger.
kvah so Sc vrsili za1ni obredi.
Sovjetska 'vlada je odredila
diva dni uradnega zalovanja, kar
Sc nj zgodilo Sc nikoli poprei v
zvezi S smrtjo kakega glavarja
tuje Wade. Crno obrobljene SOW.
jetske zastave so bile obesene
ma poldrogu sirom Rusije.
Rusi so plal<ali pri posebnih
predstavah
Pri izrednih predstavah fill
NOV, XII so prikazovali prizore IL
zivljenja Roosevelta, Sc je zgo-
dilo nekaj skoro neverjetnega.
Preprosti ruski ljudje, XII MISC
nikdar videli pokojnega ameris-
kega predsednika, so odprto pla-
kali.
Roosevelt je bill med ruskim
narodom visoko cislan. Rusi nj
so pozabili, da je bila upostavi-
tev diplomatskih odnosajev med
Zed. drzayami in Sovjetsko uni.
jo eden prvih uradnih cinov, ko
je leta 1888 nastopil predsed.
nistvo, in da je bila predvsem
njegova zasluga, da je Russia
dobila IL Amerike tako izdatno
pomoc.
V prostorih ameriskega po.
slanistva so Sc vrsili privatni
zalni obredi, katerih so Sc ude-
lezili visoki predstavniki soviet
ske Wade.
Marsal Tito postal izraze sozalja
IL Moskve
L. Moskve je postal izraze So
zalja Mrs. Roosevelt in predsed-
niku Trumanu v imenu Jugosla-
vile marsal Tito, XII Sc nahaja
tam ma obisku. Ma zborovanjju
vse-slovanskega odbora, katere.
mu je prisostvovai Tito, je bill
odrejen enominutni molk v cast
pokojnemu predsedniku.
V Franciji je vlada izdala cd.
lok "a dan zalovanja in mama.
memo je bio, da DO eden velikih
bulevarjev v Parizu imenovan
po Rooseyeltu. Kakor Sc je I'VE.
delo, gen. de Gaulle silno obza.
luje, ker nj prisel v Alzir ma Sc
stanek predsednikom, kakor
je bill povabljen, ko Sc je Roose-
velt vracal konference v Jal.
ii.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-04-17
4 4
Nosi fon+ie-voioh
-
\ 4

Ma dopustu Sc nahajata diva
sinova MIR. in Mrs. Frank Go.
reno, 63O3 Carl Ave., XII Sc nj
sta videla ze tri leta.
Edward F 2/c je prisel il Juz'
mega Pacifika, ter sc bo naha.
jail ma dopustu 20 dni. Pri NOR.
naricl je ze mad leto dni in sc
je udelezil ze vec hudih bitk
Ladja, kateri je dodeljen, je Sc
daj v popravilu in po dopustr
Sc bo najbrze vrnil ma Kitajskc
obrezje. Njegov brat Pfc. Frank
Jr. pa odide nazaj ia teden ,
Camp Perry, Ohio, kjer je Sc
daj nastayljen.
Ma dopustu Sc nahaja Bill
Peklay, M. M. 1/c, sin Mr.. il
Mrs. Jack Peklay, 1920 Tyron'
ne Ave. Prijatelji SO vabljeni, ds
ga otiseejo.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-04-17
Prva armada zacela
oblegati nlesto Leipzig;
Rdeea vojska udarila
BULLETIN

LONDON. torek H. aprila = Pariski radio je danes
obavi poroeilo XII uradno nj potrjeno. da amerisk
in ruske Selne eete sresale dolin reke Ebe juno cd
Dresdena.
Evening star., 1945-11-12

and Asia, and who, the other day, de-
scribed the President of the United
States as follows:
With his Navy Day speech, the
President has put himself at the head
Of the militant imperialists whose
foreign policy Is menace to the peace
OF the world and the objectives for
which this war was fought" They see
no connection between this, Molotov's
latest speech, and the events in China.
The Soviets, having suspended world
revolutionary plans while they needed
the aid OF bourgeois states, and having,
through series of friendly" agree
ments, vastly expanded in Europe and
Asia, greatly increasing resources and
manpower and fortifying their strategi-
cal positions west and east, have
resumed their never abandoned world
revolution. now extended without their
borders with immense armed force On
strategy it exactly follows Hitler except
that 1t is addressed to different classes.
For new order" read new democra-
cies"; for "quisling," read friendly
government; for "pan-Germanism"
read "pan-Slavismp;; for the master
race" read 'the master idea; and for
@Communist" "-indiscriminately applied
to every opponent-read Fascist" Nor
Is this revolution necessarily Commu-
mist on the Russian pattern-certainly
it is not yet. -.
We got ourselves into this position
by series of agreements which were
deficient in all exact definitions. Our
leaders accepted the partition Of Po-
land, without structure on how it
should be carried out; agreed to free
elections" without establishing condi-
tions to prevent forced plebiscites; ad-
mitted Soviet spheres" without pro-
viding for their military neutraliza-
ton; and armed guerrillas as Iberators,
without assuring against their use of
our arms to establish themselves In
interchangeable power Finally. we
agreed to contribute armed force to
suppress aggression while leaving the
definition of aggression wide open
One cannot blame Mr.. Roosevelt, or
Mr.. Truman alone. The Republican
opposition suggested nothing.
Meanwhile, we have not even a
trained, professional intelligence service
but q superman association Of ex-
paratroopers and Yale sleuths, happily
telling all in the slick magazines, for
getting that the first requirement of q
secret service is to be secret.
released by the Bell Syndicate. Ine)
Evening star., 1945-11-12

fall Of Germany, Is that the Chinese
mainland and the Japanese Islands form
the principal frst line Of defense Of this
hemisphere.
The question Of what may soon hap.
pen to Turkey is considered as . more
or less academic question by the Ameri-
can Government. The British, on the
other hand, look to the tense situation,
particularly on the eastern borders OF
Turkey, as Wtally important question
for their security in the Middle East.
While the American Government is
anxious to find satisfactory solution to
the Palestine situation, and is, in theory
at least, sympathetic to the idea of
Jewish haven in the Holy Land, the Brit
tsh are concerned over its effects on the
Arab world. They are said to be pre-
pared to reach compromise satisfactory
to this country provided the United
States Is willing to undertake definite
obligations on policing the area.
The question of the future Of Ger
many Is another which will have to
be debated by the leaders of the two
English speaking countries. At present
Germany is dormant volcano. The
misery Is indescribable. According to
some reports, the mortality rate among
the newborn children has reached such
proportions that unless something is
being done about it, the German race
may face extinction.
President Truman and Prime Minister
Attlee must consider the existing situ-
alton and weigh the pros and cons Of
whether this country and Britain con-
slider it advantageous to create vacuum
In that part Of Europe. The question
OF consolidating Germany into one unit
also will receive the attention of the
two policy-framers, although no final
decision can be made until Russia's
views are ascertained
The economic servitude of Germany's
former satellites, Bulgaria, Romania
and Hungary also will be given atten-
tion in the present conversations.
Thus the representatives Of the Eng
disappearing powers have before them
three sets Of problems, those which
affect this country directly, others
which interest Britain and the empire
primarily, and finally those which are
considered important to both groups.
Evening star., 1945-11-12
Tanning the Bomb
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

sions concerning its operation. Second,
that the inspection agency shall make
Its reports public in all countries belong
Ing to the United Nations prelimi-
nary report as to the conditions 1t finds
during its frst series of inspections, and
an annual or perhaps semiannual report
thereafter. 1t Is not enough that gov
ernments shall know they are secure;
the people must know and they must
know what is being done to keep them
secure.
II we can get universal acceptance Of
such an inspection system, what about
requiring the discontinuance of the
manufacture Of the atomic bomb; max
ing 1t, as Capt. Stassen suggests, an in
ternat1onal crime even to have one?
The dif1iculty' here is gnawing doubt,
We are not sure, yet, that any inspec-
ton system Is going to work. We can
not know, until we have given 1t q thor
ough trial, that 1t can give us reason
able protection. So we Americans, who
have the bomb, want to retain our
power Of counterattack as the best de-
terrent against any one using the bomb
to attack us. Capt. StaSsen's interna-
tional air force obviously was intended
to meet this line of thought. It is, in
my view, remedy worse than the
disease. But why Is 1t not reasonable
for the United States and the other two
powers who helped make this awful
weapon In the first place, Britain and
Canada. to say to the rest of the world:
we have 30 and 50 many Of these
bombs. We will place them in the
hands Of such and such units Of our air
forces. We will station these units at
such and such places. We will hold
them at the call of the Security Council,
under the provisions Of Articles 43 and
IS Of the United Nations Charter. We
will guarantee that they will not be
used save at the call of the council, or
In case our own countries are In actual
and immediate danger and our pro-
posals to meet that danger ere OBJ
structed in the Security Council.
When the international inspection
system has been thoroughly tested and
has proven adequate, we shall then be
happy to reconsider, with all Of you, the
question Of abolishing the manufacture
and possession Of atomic bombs al-
together"
This is not complete answer to all
the difnculties and uncertainties. But
Is 1t not at least . practical basis for
their discussion7
tcepys.sha islsl
Evening star., 1945-11-12
Meiii Shrine

The Associated Press reports the
destruction of the Meiji shrine in
an air raid on April 13. It was the
most up-to-date of Shinto centers
of religion, having been completed
as recently as 1920. What the sig
niflcance Of its elimination may be
to the generality Of the japanese
people is anybody's guess. But
Americans who have been in Nippon
and know the peculiar psychology Of
the Mikado-worshipers will be apt
to take 1t for granted that the blast
ing of the memorial to the present
Emperor's grandfather was, to say
the least, a disillusioning experience
for them.
Meiji Tenno was the posthumous
name of Mutsu Hito. born in 1852
and elevated to the imperial dignity
in succession to his parent, Komei
Tenno, in 1867. It was during his
reign that the capital was removed
from Kioto to Yedo, restyled Tokyo,
the first railroad opened, the Euro
pean calendar adopted, new
judicial code put into effect, English
introduced into the school curricu-
lums and a long list of additional re-
forms instituted. But these changes
were but one side of the picture of
the times. Meiji Tenno also was an
expansionist. When the Chinese
government in 1874 declared itself
unable to punish Formosan pirates
for outrages allegedly committed
against japanese ships, he landed
an army on Formosa, chastised the
bandits and exacted compensation.
Such was the beginning of the over
seas adventures of the Yamato race
in modern times.
The shrine raised In Tokyo to
Meiji Tenno was a monument to his
aggressive characteristics as well as
to those which were peaceful in their
nature. It commemorated the VIC
tories achieved in the war with
China in 1894 and In the still more
important war with Russia in 1904
and 1905. An approved biography
Of the Emperor speaks of him as
having led his country out Of feudal-
Ism and advanced 1t to the FIRST
rank among nations. Such was the
Guth. But 1t also was . fact that
Evening star., 1945-11-12

similar physical factors may be
taken into consideration, but no one
OF them. no combination of them,
seems to offer an adequate answer.
Indeed, in all probability, the scien-
tific approach to the question OF why
we behave as we do-some as sin
ners, some as saints and some as a
mixture of both-will never yield
much more light than has the study
of Mussolini's brain. 1t is something
to make one wonder whether the
ancient mystical view is not the
soundest, after all-the view that
evil and goodness, though intangible,
are supernatural forces as real as
a mans body and that they are for
ever at war with each other in our
world and within ourselves to test
our fitness for an afterlife, accord
ing to some infinite and all-wise de-
sign which we shall never compre-
hend until the day we die.
Evening star., 1945-11-12
Man and Evil

Scientists at the Army Medical
Museum have been going over pieces
of Mussolini's brain on the chance of
finding some physical explanation of
the late dictator's behavior, moral
and otherwise. All that they have
discovered up to now, however, is
normalcy. The man, they say, was
certainly no moron. As far as looks
and structure are concerned, his
gray matter and white matter could
Just as well have been that of any
reasonably healthy human being or
could have belonged as much to
peace-loving non-Fascist as to him.
In word, 1t was something else, and
not his brain, that made him carry
on the way he did.
This is not surprising. of course,
least of all to the scientists. It is
true that some years ago psycholo-
gists and others were much inter-
ested in the theory that there might
be no such thing as abstract good
ness or abstract badness and that
all antisocial and criminal acts
might be merely manifestations of
sick minds or diseased endocrine
glands. But this was found to be
a much too simple and mechanistic
evaluation of human nature. If it
were so. there would be no justif1-
cation for penitentiaries; thieves and
cutthroats would have to be hos
pitalized instead OF being Jailed or
electrocuted; vice would be a sick
ness" like measles, and no man
would have to feel guilty of it; and
virtue would be nothing but mark
of health and hence no more praise
worthy than having a strong heart
or an immunity to the common cold.
Such a theory, however, never
could stand up under inspection. In
some cases. the brain and the en-
docrine glands may to degree af-
feet mans behavior. but people
nevertheless can be in perfect health
and be capable OF terrible wrong
doing. Nor is environment q good
enough explanation Of this. Nor is
parental influence. Any number Of
Evening star., 1945-11-12

The suggestion of Capt. Harold E..
Stassen, U. s. N. r., to create an inter-
national air force armed with atomic
bombs seems to me to accentuate rather
than relieve the dangers of the present
situation. However, he presented at the
same time a proposal for international
inspection Of atomic development, which
strikes to the heart of the problem.
The great need is to relieve the grow
ing fear, the mounting uncertainty, out
OF which will surely come first suspicion,
then active hostility, then perhaps q
desperate decision to strike first to avoid
being struck first.
People have to know what is going on
In world where weapons exist which
can wipe out whole communities at
single blow. That is the first necessity.
II fear can be removed, If q means
can be devised by which every one can
be reasonably sure that no one else is
preparing q surprise atomic attack
against them, the rest of the problem
of controlling the use of atomic energy
as a weapon becomes far simpler. At
least it can be discussed far more calmly
and reasonably.
III 4
Shpt. StdSoCu pTOpOSeS CQaC Lne
United Nations Charter be amended to
provide that no nation shall manufac-
ture an atomic bomb, and that the
manufacture or possession of such
bomb shall be considered crime
against mankind. (He excepts the linz
tied number for his proposed interna-
tional air force.) He further suggests
that the Security Council be required
to set up IAN atomic commission, Of dis
tinguished scientists. with the power
and the duty thoroughly to inspect all
nations, including our own" to make
sure that no one Is Illegally manufacture
ing atomic bombs.
Such an inspection agency should, I
think, be our first objective.
It should include engineers as well as
scientists, because 1t does not appear
from what my scientific friends tell me
that inspection of laboratories win do
much good, while inspection of manu-
featuring plants dealing with atomic
processes, though difiicult, Is feasible
and will give reasonable security against
surprise attack.
Two other points seem essential: First,
that the councils decisions on operation
Of the inspection system shall be by
simple majority vote. No power can be
permitted . veto, hence the unanimity
principle. essential for the adoption Of
the plan, must bs abandoned n deci.
Evening star., 1945-11-12
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

If seriously ask myself what is wrong
with our foreign policy, which, with
the greatest armed force the world
has ever seen," does nothing but take
positions from which later ignominious-
ly to retreat. trace 1t to the American
education OF the last generation.
We have become people without
training in systematic thought, without
an historical sense. without logic. We
have all become pragmatists, In a sense
never envisaged by William James. We
try anything once" leap before we
look, hope for the best, and trust the
gods who love America to pull us out of
jams.
We live by trial and error, and call 1t
the scientific method" That is why
our pure science comes to us from other
educational systems, for science does
not try anything once" but only that
which, according to exacting logical
processes, seems likely to succeed.
We do not even live and learn" We
seem to have lost the power to general
ize from the particular. The effect OF
our education, which consists of i'm
parting vast amounts of disparate in
formation, is that We do not know what
any information means 1t cutters our
brains and deprives us of even the naive
observations of our senses. =
We are thus bereft even Of common"
sense. r-ssr
With the German example fresh
before our minds, Of armed expansion
as an implement of theological revolu-
ton, we are asking ourselves, what Is
Russia up tor" And again comforting
ourselves with the thought that what
we think we see cannot possibly be
there.
Few Of our policy makers, 1t Is glar-
ingly apparent, have taken the trouble
to study Russian history prior to the
Bolshevik revolution, or Soviet and In
ternational Communist policy since, or
follow the backing and filing of the
latter to observe whether any of its
deviations are really deviations at all.
Thus they apparently see no connec-
ton between the fact that the Soviet
agent, Earl Browder, was isolationist
prior to 194l: was for far-reaching CO.
operation with the Allies, even to the
extent of no-strike policy through
late 1941, "a, 43 and "A; was then
purged, following victory; Is now sue
ceeded by william 2. Foster, who Is for
strikes, for American isolation, for the
demobilization Of our Army, and for the
withdrawal Of our troops from Europe
Evening star., 1945-11-12

Nom all the Iedres are gone, snpe tnhere
Crrled brotDn and tight, hang rustling
from the tree,
But earth shotDs yet another beauty, nep
And different, that suits such days AZ
these.
Gone are the fleming co.ors, red and
gold,
The last blue gentian crumbled into
dust,
The sti1ening needs are shipering n
the cold,
And epery fotper has felt the trosfs
keen touch.
But heapy silper lies upon the grass,
Ice-cold, and slo,Dly yielding to ths
sun.
Soon no,D the shining armor piu not
pass;
The ghost OF autumn seeks Oblivion.
Etched so,sberly against the sunset glotD
The trees iciu cast dark shadotos on the
snotc
MARY WILLIS sHELBURNK
Evening star., 1945-11-12
Fantastic Air Future

In his third report as chief of the
Army Air Forces, General Arnold
speaks matter -of-factly of a future
in which fantastically fast pilotless
planes will drastically change all
present concepts of aerial warfare.
That his statement is based on
more than mere crystal-gazing is
clear from an announcement just
made by the Bell Aircraft Corpora
ton. Since October, 1914, according
to the announcement, Bell engi-
neers have been conducting secret
tests in which jet-propelled P-59s
have been successfully maneuvered
by remote control, opening the way
to the time when 1t will be possible
for a distant operator to perform
every function of pilot while the
plane itself travels as a robot.
Equipment for this, developed by
the Air Technical Services Com
mand, includes television and tele-
metering. In its present state-and
unquestionably it will be constantly
improved upon-it permits the
remote control operators, who can
do the job from distant planes as
well as from distant ground stations,
to keep a steady check on the in
strument panel of the pilotless craft,
record the crafts vibrations and
structural strains and see the hori-
zon as seen from the crafts cockpit.
The Bell announcement empha-
sizes the Importance of the develop
ment as something permitting the
kind of flight testing which here
tofore has been regarded as too
dangerous for human pilots. 1t will
also play a useful role in the field of
commercial flying. But its greatest
significance, quite obviously, will be
in the development of military avia-
ton. Coupled with long-range
rockets, which could have atomic
power in their warheads, the super
sonic pilotless plane of the future,
operating as bomber, or perhaps
even as a fighter, and guided from
the ground or from man-piloted
craft flying miles behind it, would
most certainly change the whole
face of aerial warfare, as General
Arnold says. More than that, as
he also declares, 1t would make an
other world conflict terrible beyond
the widest Nightmares of imagina-
ton, the great aircraft of the Second
World War already being in state
of obsolescence, with space ships
capable of travelling outside the
earth's atmosphere at two or three
times the speed of sound-now seri-
ously regarded as a possibility.
All this, besides making imperative
the kind of preparedness advocated
by General Arnold, constitutes an
other of the many fearsome and
compelling reasons why no tenn
porary discouragement or no pres
ent international dispute must be
allowed to defect mankind from the
tremendously urgent task of estab-
fishing lasting peace.
Evening star., 1945-11-12
This Changing World
Bv Consfanfine Broom

The conversations between President
Truman and Prime Minister Attlee
have begun and are likely to continue
most OF the week.
Whatever may be said ofhcially about
the limited scope of the discussions, It
Is already known in Washington that
they will embrace the various explosive
situations throughout the world. The
atomic bomb is no answer to the in
creasing deterioration Of world condi-
tions.
Neither President Truman nor the
British Prime Minister Is as dynamic as
his predecessor. Hence, no spectacular
decisions containing new panaceas for
the present ills should be expected.
Moreover, both men are determined to
work in full agreement with Russia and
until the situation In that country be-
comes clearer, final decisions on the
Far East, the Middle East and Europe
cannot be adopted.
The present meeting, which many re-
gard as being more momentous than
all the previous bilateral talks between
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill, will determine however, the
general outline of the attitude of the
United States and Britain toward the
postwar uprisings from the Pacific to
the Atlantic. AS soon as q common
basis has been blue printed, the matter
will be communicated to the Russian
government.
Because Of some peculiar situation
which seems to exist in the U. S. s. r.,
the Soviet government cannot be brought
into the discussions here, and as result,
the American and British heads of gov
eminent must sit together in an attempt
to harmonic their own policies.
The civil war in China, for instance, is
of less Importance to the British than to
the American Government. Britain has
regained her possessions In the Far East
and is not involved in China in any way.
She plans to make Hong Kong into her
major naval base In the Pacific, replace
ing Singapore in Importance. Her ma
tional security, measured in military
terms, depends on an unobstructed line
of communications from the United
Kingdom to India. The American
strategic conception. since the down.