davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-30
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

HUVppSUV
ills Woman Love" became the con-
servative party-and cost him his throne,
also.
And Churchill was no conventional
conservative. Once he had divorced
himself from the party and married the
liberals, to return later with many
reservations. He wished to postpone the
elections, for it was as the head of a
national government that he attained
his eminence. But had the issue been
postponed, Mr.. Churchill would still have
had eventually to choose, and align
himself with part Of Britain as the pace
setter for the rest. He chose conserva-
tive Britain, this time without qualifica-
ton. He lost the soldiers vote-and for
the same reason that Roosevelt got 1t.
Soldiers nowhere want the old prewar
world
The Reconnaissance a labor publica-
tion-wrote on July 7:
Some day there will be a realign-
ment of political forces behind which
the capacities of the nation can be
modified for peace as they were In 1910
for war. Mr.. Churchill could have
started the second task as he has fin
ished the first. He made it difficult
for himself by accepting party leader
ship, and his behavior in this election
has made it finally impossible for him
to serve as the rallying point for a
truly national policy of social and eco
nomic regeneration. BY turning himself
into narrow party politician, he has
condemned the country to narrow party
politics, and if, through the Intervention
OF party bitterness, beginning with q
policy of regeneration has to wait until
some future crisis has burst upon the
country, until there has been still an
other retreat from some economic Dun
kirk, then Mr.. Churchill will be as
blameworthy for the inadequacies of
policy in the calculus Of peace, as ever
Lord Baldwin and Mr.. Chamberlain
were for unpreparedness in war"
The consequences of the British Labor
victory, on a Socialist platform, will be
enormous, not only for Britain, but in
the world. and especially in Europe.
The responsibilities on the shoulders
OF labor's leaders will be so heavy that
l have no doubt some are saying, ALAS,
We have won!"
Britain has dropped the war pilot.
We don't know yet about the peace
pilots. Churchill, despite his defeat,
will wish them no evil. Nor can any,
thing tarnish the arms of an immortal
British warrior.
But triumph and defeat dwell very
close together in this life Churchill
was Prime Minister of Britain Just long
enough to stand in Hitler's chancellery,
Evening star., 1945-07-30
A Political Typhoon
By Raymond olev

1t Is probable that the most aston
ished people in England last week were
the Labor party leaders. Some weeks
ago, after the election, the best Labor
predictions were that the party would
reduce the Conservative majority to q
margin small enough to insure another
election in few months. Then omi-
nous doubts began to appear in the
Conservative press. 1t was evident that
the soldier vote would be heavily anti
Conservative. But no one predicted the
sweeping Labor vote which has now
appeared.
Apathy characterized the campaign.
The charges hurled back and forth were
artificial. Both sides promised to do
something for very weary people, and
apparently the weary people felt that
Labor would give them more.
This result follows the historical pat
tern in England. Win or lose, the Brit
ish think they need change after a
war. The custom of handing great
Prime Ministers their hats after the
Empire has been saved goes back to the
elder Pitt. Prime Ministers who pre-
sided over victory were glorified in
history and were accorded rich titles
and gilded tombs; but they moved out
of No. 10 Downing Street.
For the British people this war has
been the hardest of all. It has given
them no new continents or sources of
revenue. Countless thousands have been
bombed out of their homes. Food has
been monotonous. And with Germany
down, the British feel that the war, for
them, is over. The Japanese affair, to
the man on London street, Is a colo
NAL affair. Britons haven't much left
to give, but certainly they hate to give
it for Hong Kong.
This reaction is not great revolu-
tionary swing to the Left, as our Amer
ican radicals would like to have us
believe. It wasn't the green light for
the naturalization of basic industries
or for the. Beveridge Plan or for q
swing to Communism. The Commu-
nists were weak in the vote total The
result came from reaction from war.
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Personnel Cut Wanted

Senator Byrd is on the warpath
again with a renewed demand for a
slash in Federal personnel, but fig
ures-including his own-show that
the Virginian'S ong-continued econ
omy campaign is not bearing no.
ticeable results.
The Senator says the Government
is carrying 3,543,326 persons on the
payroll and that there was an in
crease of 1876, 6,049 in June. The Civil
Service Commission, reporting for
, May, shows a total of 1897 OFT en-
ployes in the continental United
States and 657,O00 elsewhere. For
the United States alone this rep
. resents an increase of more than
100000 since May, 1914, a growth
that was accounted for in great part
by expanded activities in the Navy
and Commerce Departments and
the Veterans Administration. The
War Department had slight de-
crease.
A high level of employment is to
be expected with the war still under
way, and there undoubtedly is good
reason for some of the growth re-
f1ected by both of these sets of
figures, but it is hard to reconcile
the muShrooming they disclose with
reports of retrenchment that have
come out of the executive branch
of the Government from time to
time. The only conclusion to be
drawn is that if cuts have been
made in one direction, they have
been offset promptly by increases
elsewhere.
And this leads back to point
which The Star has made repeat
edly-that the only method by
which worthwhile economy can be
effected is for Congress to deny
funds for every item not absolutely
essential to the conduct of efficient
Government. AS long as money is
made available, it is idle to talk
about reducing spending.
Senator Byrd wants personnel
brought below the 100000 mark
when Japan is beaten. That would
approximate the size of the execu-
tive branch before the war, and is
a desirable goal, whose attainment
no doubt would be facilitated by
the reorganization legislation urged
by President Truman in May, but
which has received scarcely a nod
of recognition in Congress.
Evening star., 1945-07-30
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,On

between 1881 and 1941 because of the
easy victories won over the disorgan-
lied and unsupported Chinese. They
exploited the fact that the saber-rat-
ting from Tokyo intimidated the gov
ernments of the Western nations.
The Japanese warmongers reached
the peak Of their popularity after their
great advances in the Pacific. Their
power and popularity began to wane
after they failed to invade Australia
and India. Now when the American
and British fleets and air forces are
destroying the "invulnerable" Japanese
homeland their popularity has further
declined and they can no longer rely
on the support Of the masses which,
more than ever before, look to the En-
peror to save them.
- -
There is no question that the mill
tary leaders would want to fight a war
to the bitter end. They are aware that
many OF them cannot escape capital
punishment for the cruelties they have
perpetrated on the Chinese civilians and
the American prisoners of war and ci-
villains. The lists of Japanese war GRIM
inals have not yet been closed but 1t
Is said that, incomplete as they are
they exceed 10000 names from the high
est to the lowest military ranks.
The civilian political men, the repre-
sentatives of the nobility and the mid
die classes and all the others who
claim they were powerless though i'm
passive witnesses of the actions of the
military believe, however, that Japan
has chance to survive by going back
into her shell and reverting to its status
prior to the Russo japanese War in
1904. They are convinced that chaos can
be averted in the country only by the
maintenance of the dynasty and point
out to their brokers" that an anarchic
situation in the islands would serve
none Of the purposes of the Allies in
cluding the hope for lasting peace.
Because in the ultimatum, drafted
principally by the advisers of President
Truman, the question of the dynasty
was not touched, they now believe that
the American, British and the Chinese
governments could be persuaded to leave
the present monarchic form of govern
ment in Japan untouched, as was the
case when Italy surrendered uncondi-
tionally.
The reports being received by the
Allied leaders appear to indicate that
If they are willing to accede to this
condition, a surrender of the Japanese
could be arranged without delay.
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Empire State Crash

Conflicting eyewitness accounts OF
the accident which cost thirteen lives
when an Army bomber crashed into
the Empire State Building Saturday
create some doubt as to whether the
plane was in trouble or whether the
tragedy was the result OF careless
ness on the part of the pilot. The
indications are, however, that Mayor
La Guardia is right in attributing
the crash to inexcusably low flying.
One witness says that the plane
seemed to be having engine trouble,
but this is disputed by most cf those
who saw the crash. One or two
others have said that the rudder
controls seemed not to be working
properly, but this also is doubtful
explanation. The most reasonable
theory advanced Is that the pilot,
flying by visual contact, had come
down out of the overcast to look for
landmarks, only to find himself in
a nest of tall buildings and unable
to avoid the collision with the En-
pire State tower. 1t is significant
that the pilot, although in radio
communication with La Guardia
Airport, did not complain of me-
chanical trouble, and that his re-
ports to the control tower at the
field make it evident that he did
not know where he was.
Army Air Force regulations pro-
vide that Army flyers must observe
the civil air regulations, which re-
quire that planes over congested
areas must maintain sufficient alti-
tude to glide to safety in case OF
trouble. For midtown Manhattan
this safety altitude is supposed to
be 1000 feet, but the bomber struck
the Empire State Building approx
mately 900 feet above the ground,
and at times it apparently had been
flying lower than that over the city.
This is by no means the first time
that planes, military as we'll as civil
ian, have been flown in violation Of
safety regulations. yet there is little
evidence that existing restrictions
can be or are being strictly enforced.
With aviation in its present ad-
vanced stage, and with greater
advances coming, however, 1t is
clearly essential that more drastic
steps be taken to protect the public
from flying which does not conform
to regulations.
Evening star., 1945-07-30

energy was the development Of the
Royal Gardens at Kew. He also had
much to do with the improvement
of sheep-raising in Britain, the in
PRODUCTION Of tea growing in India,
the planting of the invaluable bread
fruit tree in the islands Of the
Pacific and the Caribbean and the
proper colonization of the Australian
continent. He endowed the en-
deavors of scores OF other scientists.
A critic affirms that he was "auto-
cratic" but nobody ever has denied
that he was wise, generous and
effective.
Mrs. Snyder explains at the close
Of her article that it was nothing
but an accident that gave Australia
the name it bears rather than
Banksia as Linnaeus suggested.
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Banks Remembered

Mrs. Emily Eveleth Snyder has
contributed to the Scientific Monthly
for June an article which will be OF
special interest to American service
personnel. who have been in Aus
tralia. Her subject is Sir Joseph
Banks, the British naturalist for
whom Linnaeus wanted "the worlds
largest island" named. The need
for such an essay of appreciation
may be judged from the fact that
the Encyclopaedia Britannica affords
to the same subject only sixteen
lines.
But Mrs. Snyder is not concerned
merely to revive Banks eighteenth
century celebrity as a collector OF
botanical specimens for eventual,
deposit in the British Museum. She
sees him as benefactor of humanity
in general, remarking at the start
of her paper that he began his
career of exploration with some
what perilous voyage from his native
England to Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia "to investigate the fisheries"
in 1855. He was only twenty-five
when he sailed with Captain James
Cook in the Endeavor in 1853. His
friend, Lord Sandwich, head of the
Admiralty, made the arrangements.
Banks personally paid the expenses
of himself, his secretary and four
servants. The expedition was in
Tahiti for the transit of Venus on
June 3, 1859. 1t surveyed the coast
of New Zealand and arrived in the
harbor which Banks designated
Botany Bay-"because of the enorm-
Gus number of strange plants he
saw there"-April 20, TITO. For five
months after this latter date, the
youthful enthusiast and his aides
gathered and prepared for preserva-
ton as many examples of Australian
plants, insects, fish and "other
animals" as they could manage.
The experience patterned" the
rest Of Banks career. He made an
independent trip to Iceland in 1772.
Six years after his return home he
became president of the Royal
Society," post which he held with
out interruption until his death in
1920. Among the practical projects
to which he devoted his inherited
fortune. his time and his boundless
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Lady Oxford

Born in 1864, the sixth daughter
and ninth child of Scot chemical
manufacturer and businessman,
Alice Emma Margaret Tenant was
far from the power and fame which
thirty years later she was TO achieve
as the wife of Herbert Asquith. Yet
even as a girl she had magnetic
quality which brought others, in
cluding quite discerning people, to
her feet. She no longer was young
on the day when four prime minis
.ters signed the register at her wed
ding. but if she lacked beauty she
enjoyed the compensation of an
active, creative mind. 1t had been
her privilege to match wits with the
members of the intellectual group
somewhat facetiously known as "The
Souls" and had held her own in dis
.cussion with such professional con.
sersationalists as George Curzon and
Arthur Balfour. John Morley was
one of her correspondents. She was
ACQUAINTED with George Meredith,
Henry Irving, Ellen Terry and prac-
.tically everybody else who was any
body" between 1880 and last week.
Merely being a hostess and a
friend to long list of distinguished
.persons, however, would not Rave
been an accomplishment of any
vast significance. Margot Asquith
will be remembered not because she
entertained political and literary
."lionS" at her dinner parties, but
because she met them on equal
terms. 1t is not an exaggeration to
say that she was as much pol
.itician as Winston Churchill, as
much brilliant commentator on
the human scene as Bernard Shaw.
Her worldwide celebrity was the re-
suit of hard work with her pen. She
was the forerunner of the women
,columnists of today. Much of her
Journalism was critical, some of it
lUlGUClly SdOSIlS, pue 1AlSlO SOuid NC
mo question about the authenticity
iof her sources. She was closer to the
government of Britain in certain re-
:spects than were four contempo-
,rary Queens.
. And her patriotism was force of
consequence. She was her hus-
bands counselor and adviser, as
well as his wife. At 10 Downing
street from 1903 to 1916 she labored
with him on problems of the highest
Importance. She was there with his
cabinet on that fateful night in the
summer of 1914 when Edward Grey
Msaid the lights were going out all
-over Europe and not many then
diving would see them lit again. Mr.
1Asquith, elevated to the House of
Peers in 1925, died in 1928. Margot
s@carried on alone. saw the Sec
Evening star., 1945-07-30

The termination of a patriots career
by the vote Of the nation he contrib
uted so greatly to save is a melancholy
No one will rejoice that Mr.. Churchill
was defeated-defeat and Mr.. Churchill
are contradictory terms. Just now
since he is entirely human-he must
be thinking of Shakespeare's lines:
BLOW, blow thou winter wind
Thou art not so unkind
AS mans ingratitude."
When his nature reasserts itself-his
nature so sanguine and full of pride-he
will realize that gratitude Is the last
thing he would want from Britain. If
he must suffer defeat, he will find a
chuckle in the knowledge that it could
come only from the hands of Britons
No other people could defeat him!
kE
Actually. as is the case with all strong
natures, Mr.. Churchill defeated him
self. Just as surely as he saw the signs
OF the times in 1888, just SO stubbornly
did he refuse to see them in 1s45 From
being the head of a nation, he chose
to become the head of a party. The
party was repudiated, and with it, Win
ston Churchill. He, who had been strong
enough to carry a nation to victory
from imminent defeat, believed himself
strong enough to carry a party against
the spirit of the times which the war
itself had released. He, who had never
been timid before external danger. be-
came timid before internal social forces.
Out OF this timidity, he lost his SOW
ereignty. He saw Britain about to be
clutched by labor Gestapo. In the
faces of men who had strengthened his
hand for five years. he suddenly saw
Red Bolshevism.
He was a warrior who. In Eneland's s
darkest hour. urged her to 60 forward.
Suddenly he became politician who. at
the climax Of the struggle. urged her to
go back. He thus fell out of his own
character. His election speeches, except
for the caustic and brilliant phrases
which are his gift, fell disastrously from
the level he himself had set. Even his
fidelity which is the essence of his ma
ture, betrayed him in these elections, as
once before
When Edward VIII found himself in
dilemma of his own creation, Churchill
acted suddenly, not as a national leader,
but as an old knight, raising a medieval
lance for his king. 1t was misplaced
chivalry. His eloquence deteriorated
then, too. He is reputed to be the
author OF Edwards farewell address,
with reference to "the woman love" {. ..
An address sentimental without senti.
ment-corny, to tell the truth. Church.
Evening star., 1945-07-30

Despite the clamor Of the Tokyo
propaganda agencies that the Imperial
forces will fight to the last, there Is an
increasing belief in American military
and diplomatic quarters that the Japa-
nese will fold UP in short while-pos-
sibly before Russia has had the oppor-
tunity to intervene in the Asiatic war.
Diplomats point out that one Of the
thorniest questions connected with the
Japanese surrender is the matter Of
the Emperor and the Imperial family.
There have been indications in the past
that il the Allies agreed to permit the
dynasty to remain, most OF the other
demands would be accepted.
The Intermediates of Japan who have
contacted the Allied governments in
directly have pointed out that Japan
does not have totalitarian government.
AS proof they cite the opposition which
has developed at intervals. including
attacks In the Diet against the military
leaders and the outspoken criticism
which has appeared IN the Japanese
censored press. Such outbursts, the
japanese peace "brokers" say, are not
possible in totalitarian country.
While the Allies in their ultimatum
last week insisted on the surrender of
the war criminals, observers point out
that Hirohito and the Imperial family
were not specifically included.
From available reports received in the
Allied capitals, 1t appears that strug-
gle Is going on between the military
and representatives of the industries
and business in Japan. The Royal
Court has kept aloof and has not yet
thrown its weight on either side, pend
ing further Allied clariflcation-even if
1t comes in an indirect manner-as TO
its future.
According to reports from reliable
quarters, there is no doubt in the minds
of Japan's leaders that they are utterly
defeated and suicidal war" while
costing many more American lives, will
not help their country in any way They
all know they can put up desperate
fight, but the final result will be the
utter annihilation of their country on
a much larger scale than that of Ger
many.
The military leaders have had the
support of most Of the population in
their conflicts with the crown and be-
cause of that support they have been
able to compel the Emperor to dispose
OF the political men who opposed going
too far" in their Greater East Asia pro-
gram.
The military men had their own way
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Song of the Hills

Dust-stained and weary,I haze climbed.
o hills,
Up from the plains. and now hear your
poice
Blended in melodies of other iporlds
That bids my taut nerpes cease their
trettul tDdys
And lean upon your strength until I too
Groto strong. Your steadtdstness piu
hold my heart
Secure against the tpinds and tides OF
life.
When Twilight falls, yelled Quietude en-.
folds
Like n,other-arms; and In star-hghted
hours
Enchantment lays healing touch upon
My eyes grotrn dim Nth many bitter
tears.
Then comes the opalescent da,on, to
light
The distant boundaries Of nanDe and
blue
Where other mountains rise, hmned In
pale IRE -.
In this rebtrth OF day, 30 crystal clear,
MY rGptured soul pibrGtes In unison
With the eternal music Of the hills.
EDITH TATUM.
Evening star., 1945-07-30

from the idealistic slogans of victory
over danger. from privations and suffer-
ing.
1t remains to be seen precisely how
many of its promises the Labor party
can redeem. Its job is unbelievably hard.
The new Chancellor of the Exechequer
will be master of an empty treasury.
The initial loans to be expected from
the United States will be used up on
current balances. Taxable resources will
be lean More and more loans must
come from America, If even slight
start Is made on rebuilding homes for
the people, for giving them pensions
and taking care of their health needs.
And powerful and resourceful oppo-
sition will sit opposite stodgy Labor
cabinet In a restless House of Com
mons.
The average American quite properly
asks what this means to us. The an
swer is that we're sorry for Churchill
He is Americas favorite British states
man of all time. We eagerly look for
ward to the great books which he now
has the leisure to write. This victory
for the Labor party will have no Leftist
lAAuCliIC oAA Jul RSheANS' @AAAASA >Se~NA
concern is with the Japanese war, with
the terrific problems of reconversion
and with getting on with the job OF
patching up the world. We can feel
assured that Big Three, with Attlee
In Churchill's place, will be more pro-
ductive of agreement, since Stain al
ways distrusted Churchill and the Con-
servatives.
American opinion strongly favors all
possible financial aid to Britain. The
overwhelming congressional votes for
Breton Woods, for lease-lend and for
the Import Export Bank prove that. And
slowly and almost imperceptibly we are
learning how to pick up the lines Of
world leadership which Britain has
held so competently for two centuries.
We are the firm friends of the British
people, whatever government they
choose. And we are quite aware that
they need friends.
tReleased by the Associated Newspaper, fsc)
Evening star., 1945-07-30
Lonsfellow Quoted

To the Editor of The Star:
In the past century the beloved New
England poet, Henry w. Longfellow,
wrote these lines:
Were half the power that fills the
world with terror,
Were half the wealth bestowed on
camps and courts,
Given to redeem the human mind from
error,
There were no need of arsenals or
forts.
The warriors name would be a name
abhorred!
And every nation that should lift again
Its hand against a brother on its fore
head,
Would wear forever more the curse VI
Cain"
Those in favor of compulsory military
training for our youth might do well to
consider these words before voting vast
sums for that purpose.
FLORENCE P. CLARK.