davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-02-13
CONGRESS
Continued From First Page. )

Thus Russia's position in regard tc
future hostilities with the japanese
may become clearer at the time o1
the diplomats meeting
While these signposts might con-
ceivably point in another direction
Chairman Connally of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee thought
strongly that Premier Stain may
have told Prime Minister Churchill
and Mr. Roosevelt that he will join
in the fight against Japan.
Senator La Toilette, Progressive,
Of Wisconsin, a Foreign Relations
Committee member critical of most
administration actions in the in
ternational field, said the "Crinean
charter" was pretty general In its
terms and observed that 'the proof
Of the pudding will be in the eat
ing thereof"
But Senator Vandenberg, Repub-
lican, of MICHIGAN said the an
nouncement reaffirmed basic prin-
ciples of justice" and undertakes
for the first time to implement these
pI1lClpICc NY I'll GU dStlOll
"Greatly Encouraging"
He called greatly encouraging"
the announced plan for a three
power control commission France
may join later to occupy Germany
and force her disarmament. This,
he indicated, was in line with, II
not fully coinciding with the Van
denberg suggestion for the conclu-
sion of a treaty by the major Allied
powers to keep Germany perma-
nently demilitarized
Senator Vandenberg seemingly
was agreeable also to the Big Three's
decision that the new eastern from
tier of Poland should generally
follow the Curzon Line.
Senator Vandenberg's stand on
this question is regarded as i'm
portant because of the large number
of his constituents who are of Polish
descent.
Senator Hill, Democrat, of Ala
bama, one of those who have
plugged for immediate formation OF
a United Nations council to settle
European political questions, told q
reporter he thought that the Big
Three had moved forward just
as fast as any one could expect
them to" on this front.
Senator White of Maine, Republi-
can leader, thought "a great work
has been done" Senator Barkley
of Kentucky, the Democratic chief
tian, was gratified that these heads
of three great governments have
been able to go so far in composing
differences growing out of the war
and the occupation of liberated ter
ritories."
Senator Byrd, Democrat, of Vir-
ginia, called it "a fine start" and
Senator Tydings, Democrat, OF
Maryland, said 1t would Contribute
immeasurably to the welfare of the
entire world"
Evening star., 1945-02-13

decorated W l t n
the Navy Cross.
The award was
made by Vice
Admiral Thomas
C. Kinkaid in
t h e Philippine
theater, W h er e
1t. Preston is
C o mmanding a
unit of torpedo
boats in forays
against Jap SNIP
ping.
The decoration
was given to 1t.
Preston for an
enisode W h ic h
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Education's bill for 1 teachers sal

Education's bill for Z teachers SAL
ary increase.
The resolution urging passage Of
the suffrage measure was introduced
by Harry Stull, member Of the
association and president Of the
Interfederation Conference.
The teachers salary increase reso-
luton was sponsored by Tracy
Madoen. 1t was pointed out by
Walter F. Linscott, association pres
ident, that District teachers "have
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Ghetto Liquidoter Seized

NEW YORK, Feb. 13 (PD.-Soviet
troops have captured the former
governor of Warsaw, Gustav Fischer
who was responsible for the liquida-
ton of the Warsaw Ghetto, the Brit.
lish radio said today, quoting reports
from Moscow. CHS recorded the
broadcast.
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Rev. Vom Bruch to Preach

The REV. Harry w. Vom Bruch,
former president Of the Interdenom-
national Association of Evangelists,
will preach at the regular midweekly
service at Grace Baptist Church,
Ninth street and South Carolina
avenue Sc, tomorrow night. The
service opens at 7:45.
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Stanton Park Citizens
Back D. {. Suffrage

The Stanton Park Citizens Asso-
citation last night urged passage Of
the Sumners-Capper District suf-
frage measure and the Board Of
Evening star., 1945-02-13

not received a pay raise for 81
years"
Three new members were admit
ted, and there was discussion of
other bills. The meeting was held
in Peabody School.
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Navy Cross Given
III. Preston for Rescue
I0f Pilot al Morotdi

For his rescue of a Navy pilot
from under Japanese shore batter
les, 1t. Arthur Murray Preston, son
of a Washington banker, has been
Evening star., 1945-02-13

There is why for every Bond you
buy--Duy war Bonds today ana make
them nay.
Evening star., 1945-02-13
Buy
War
Bonds

& POTOMAC TELEPHONE co. Bell System
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

A airplane gunner knows that his
bullets never go where he aims his
gun; they travel both in the direc-
ton aimed and forward at the same
speed as the plane.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

taken for European war sufferers.
Easter services will be held at the
Lutheran church at 8. Rev. o. N
Rue, pastor.
Mrs. Ted Dahl, Mrs. Chef Haral-
son, Mrs. Nick Peters and Mrs. j. w
Calfee were Glasgow callers We'd
nesday.
Mrs. Carl Holtberg was a pas
senger between skidoos Wednesday
to Glasgow visiting Mrs. Hannah
Holtberg at the hospital.
The Junior league and leaders,
Emma Westland, Barbara Holtberg
and the Rev. o. N. Rue, met Tues
day evening, followed by an Easter
party in the church basement. A
lunch was served and members
played games.
Mrs. Ted Dahl and Mrs. Chef
HARRISON went to Glasgow Saturday
and brought home Mrs. Hannah
Holtberg from the hospital. She had
been there the past ten days under
the doctors care. She is staying with
her daughter, Mrs. Ted Dahl.
Mrs. Nick Peters was an overnight
at the home of her sister, Mrs.
Gordon Browning, in Glasgow
Thursday.
Tom Kuka. Great Northern oper-
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

THE GLASGOW COURIER
Glasgow, Montana
Entered at the PostOffice at Glasgow
Montana. as second class matter,
October 9th. 1911
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
HINSDALE

Machinist's Mate First Clas
August Enseleit arrived Monda!
morning from Sun Valley, Idaho, II
spent a 15-day leave visiting his wife
other relatives and friends at Hins-
dale. He was recently brought back
to this country after almost two
years of service in the South Pacific
with the seabees and has been hos
pitalized in California and at Far
ragut and Sun Valley, Idaho, for
several months.
Mrs. w. E. BeavenS returned from
Seattle, where she spent the winter
visiting her son, Floyd Taylor, and
family and her daughter, Mrs. Cliff
ford Taylor, and family. She also
Liston, at Bremerton and her
brother, Harry Tirney. and family.
Corp. John Johnsrud Jr. arrived
last week from Camp Joseph T. Rob-
inson, Ark, where he has bsen hos
pitalized for some time. He has re-
ceived a medical discharge.
Mrs. Nick Court left Tuesday for
Wolf Point, called by the illness of
her mother, Mrs. Carl KEEPER.
Mayme and Ada jacob, Mrs. Nellie
BroWnlee and Mrs. Julia McLaugh-
lin of Wolf Point visited at the Phil
Shotpokoff home Sunday. The Misses
jacob are sisters of Mrs. Shotnokoff.
Cleone and Elaine Shotnokoff re-
turned to Hinsdale with them.
Mrs. Lyall Leslie spent Monday
consulting an optometrist at Havre.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
Corp. BretZke Awarded Bronze
Star for Service i'm Germany

WITH THE XIII CORPS IN
GERMANY. Feb. 10. Delayed)-A
Bronze Star medal has recently been
awarded to Corp. Arthur S. Bretzke
of Glasgow. son of Mrs. Anna M
Bretzke, by Maj. Gen. A. C. Gillem,
Jr., commander of the XIII Corps,
The citation accompanying the
decoration read in part: For dis
tinguishing himself by msritorious
service in connection with military
operations against the enemy in
France and Germany from June IA.
1914 to February 4, 1915. Operating
in advanced positions and often
under fire, he consistently performed
his duty as a flash ranging observer
and chief of section in a superior
manner. His ability as an instrument
man and his supervision of the work
of his men was responsible for the
high degree of accuracy achieved by
his flash platoon and reflects great
credit on the military service of the
United States"
Corporal Bretzke is assigned to
the 18th field artillery observation
battalion, commanded by Lieut.. Col.
Leslie L. Hittle of Lawton. Okla.
The unit, which landed on the
French beaches on "D-Day plus 6"
and has been in almost continuous
action ever since, has located Cvia
sound and flash ranging methods)
more than 1000 enemy guns and has
helped artillery to correct
counter battery fire that knocked
them out.
Corporal Bretzks's brother, Serg.
Ronald M. Bretzke, was the first
Valley county man killed in action,
in New Guinea. early in 1913. He
received a posthumous award of
the Silver Star for gallantry in
action.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

member of the organization COM
mittee of northwest Republican
states at Spokane, in the resolutions
committee of the eleven western
states conference at Salt Lake City,
alternate delegate to the Republi-
can national convention IN 1910,
state chairman of the women's
division of Wilkie clubs and one of
the hoStesses in Governor Dewey'S
convention headquarters last year.
Mrs. Carpenter has been a resi-
dent of Billings since 1917 and has
three sons in service, as well as a
married daughter.
Her platform" includes such
planks as: Protection of the liberties
of mlnorities-nations as we'll as in
dividuals; equal justice and re-
sponsibility for both labor and
industry; the free enterprise system;
regulation but not RECOMMENDATION of
business, agriculture, labor and the
professions; preservation of states
rights; full cooperation of the
United States in all peace negotia-
tons, with emphasis on represen-
tation and justice for small nations.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

Peterson consented to be Nashua
chairman again this year.
Miss Eileen Sterback, who has
been in Spokane several weeks,
where she was doing clerical work,
returned home Friday.
The Royal Neighbors held a spe-
cial meeting last Thursday evening
at which the fiftieth anniversary of
the organization was celebrated. A
social hour followed and a short
playlet was given by Mrs. c. M.
Peterson, Mrs. Agnes White and
Mrs. Frank Mcpherson and a stunt
by Mrs. James Keil, Mrs. Lena
Scholl, Mrs. H. E. Hill and Mrs.
George Fisher. Mrs. Mary Yorton,
Mrs. Lena Scholl and Mrs. Della
Sewer gave a stunt. Games were
directed by Mrs. John Ihnat and
Mrs. Earl Traver and Mrs. Ben
Dykstra. Out of town guests were
Mrs. Rose Brocksmith, Mrs. Mary
Dignan, Mrs. Margaret Dempsey,
Mrs. E. L. Mcpherson and Mrs. A.
Torkelson of Glasgow, Mrs. A. I.
Dishart of Fort Peck, Mrs. Frank
Hill of Columbia Falls and Mrs.
Frank Hill Jr. of Butte.
Mrs. H. Helgeson left Sunday for
Fairview to visit her mother, Mrs.
Christine Dahl, and her sister, Mrs.
Thorbjornson. /
Mrs. Cliff Brenna invited a few
friends of her daughter, Carine, to
her home Friday afternoon to help
celebrate her fifteenth birthday. A
luncheon was servsd and she re-
ceived some nice gifts.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
TAN1PICO
BY Agnes Molvig

Robert Cornwell Jr. left Sunday
morning for Lewistown to buy bulls.
Mrs. j. F. Kirwan returned home
Sunday morning. She visited her sis
ter at Herlong, Calf, and at Seattle
visited her sons James and John.
Mrs. A. Rogers of Havre is working
as third trick operator at the Tampi-
co depot.
Corp. John Kolstad arrived Thurs
day morning from Las Vegas, New,
where he graduated from gunnery
school, and will go to Lincoln, Neb.
Second Lieut.. Mitchell Etchart
spent from Tuesday until Saturday
visiting his mother. Mrs. John
Etchart, and brothers. He left for
Lincoln, Neb.
Miss Aagot Liam, county health
nurse, was a caller at the Tampico
school Wednesday. She gave T. B.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
Highway Act ana
Election Call
For Two Ballots

HELENA-Attorney General R. V
Bottomly today expressed an opin-
ION that the highway debenture act
before voters of the state at the spe-
ciaI June . election and the cleo
ton OF a congressman from the
eastern Montana district should D
pear on separate ballots.
In us opinion to Secretary of
State Sam ". Mitchell, the attor-
ney general pointed out that only
taxpayers are permitted to vote on
the highway debenture issue (ref-
rendum 40 while all voters in the
eastern Montana district NAV cast
ballots in the congressional race,
Bottomly also declared his opin-
ion that the closing of registration
Tor the special election shall be
noon, May 5. Despite the fact that
May 9Th tthe tAirtieth day before
The election falls on Sunday. Bot
tomly said in his opinion there is
no prohibition against the perform
c OF any public act on Sunday.
as such. Any of the enumerated acts
may be done lawfully on a holiday"
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
March 20, 1915

tests, weighed, measured and tested
eyes of pupils.
Pfc. and Mrs. Lee Elefson and son
were callers in Tampieo Thursday.
Pfc. Ellefson is here on a furlough
from Baxter hospital in Spokane.
Mrs. A. Erickson, who is making
her home with her son-in-law and
daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. d. A. Mar
tin. observed her 18th birthday with
a family gathering Sunday after
noon. Her son-in-law, and daughter,
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Martin OF Glas-
gov; her son, JIrgen Erickson, ana
her grandsons and families, Mr.. and
Mrs. Arnot Martin and family from
near Nashua. MI. and Mrs. Iver Mar
tin and family and Mr.. and Mrs:
Ernest Martin and son Ronald
helped her celebrate her birthday.
G. j. Maalerud, liver Martin, Chris
Molvig, Ole Enkerud and Ernest
Martin put up the Tampico school
playground equipment during the
week end.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
Glasgow Soldiers
Shop i'm England
Helps in Air War

AN AIR SERVICE DOMINANT
DEPOT, England - Stepped-ur
bombing attacks on Germany and
improved plane performance are
c edited, in large measure. to pro
duction records set during 1914 by
the manufacturing and repair shop
in England at which Pfc. James L.
Hanson of Glasgow, Mont. is serv-
ing, according to figures Just re-
leased by headquarters of the air
service command.
In the last year, his department
turned out an Unprecedented 5000
900 bomb sings which have doubled
and trebled the bomb loads of fight
erS and bomberS. In addition. he
helped speed 50 600 modification
kits to combat units.
Pfc. Hanson is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs. E. S. Davies, Glasgow, Mont. A
soldier since January, I943. he has
been overseas for 16 months.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
Congress Seat
Is Sought by
Mrs. Carpenter

Elva H. Carpenter, wife Of Harry
c. Carpenter of Billings, this week
announced she is a candidate for
congress from the second or eastern
Montana district.
Mrs. Carpenter has been a promi-
nent figure in state and national
political life.
Besides holding local Republican
posts, Mrs. Carpenter has served as
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
Wartime Theme at
Vesper Service
by Opheini Groups
BY Courier Correspondent

OPHEIM - The Rev. Grant S
Moore of Glasgow officiated at the
golden vespsr services sponsored by
the Eastern Stars and Masonic
groups in the Legion hall last Sun
day at 2:30. Eighty-seven were pre-
sent and the collection amounting to
S38 went to war relief.
Mrs. Roy Paus played the piano
for the call to worship and also ac-
companied the hymns sung by the
audience.
The service commenced with a
PRAYER of thanksgiving. Marilyn
TSlford and Mary Ann Flickinger
sang Say a Prayer For the BOYS
Over There" accompanied by Charles
Johnson.
A sermon based on the 18th chap
ter of st. John, for their sake I
sanctlfy myself was the text of the
sermon. Rev. Moore stressed that we
should do something for the better
ment Of the world and spoke of the
urgent need for ministers and
nurses.
Audrey johnson played an oboe
solo accompanied by her brother.
The service closed with the singing
Of Sweet Hour of Prayer" a prayer,
and the benedlction.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
GRANDVIEW
Mrs. Otto KHewer

C. j. Kliewer went to Havre t.
consult an eye specialist. He re.
turned home Saturday evening.
Mrs. j. F. Huebert was taken to
the Glasgow hospital last Monday
She is still a patient there.
Mr.. and Mrs. Victor Chernev of
Nashua spent Thursday and Friday
at the Otto Kliewer home. while
here, Mr.. Cheney had some repair
work done.
A nice rain fell Friday night. It
seems u spring season has Starter.
Lyle Sonsteng, who has been
stationed at San Diego, Calf. had
a 10 day leave and spent it with
his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Arnold
S~onsteng. He returned Sunday.
Mrs. T. B. Wedel went to Havre
Monday to consult the eve, ear.
nose and throat specialist there
She was accompanied by her mother
and sister, Mrs. Henry Unrau and
who also consulted him. They
returned Tuesday.
A airplane gunner knows that his
bullets never go where he aims his
they travel both in the direc-
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

ator, left Monday morning to spend
a week with his parents in Havre.
Miss Agnes Carson, who has been
working as relief operator the past
week. will take his place.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
NASHUA
BY Mrs. George Fisher

Mrs. william Mueller of Havre
returned home Monday after spend
ing the week end here visiting heI
daughter, Mrs. Abe Freissen.
Mrs. George Barwise and Mrs. w
L. Young of Wolf Point were here
Thursday in the interest of the
Cancer Control drive. Mrs. c. M.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29

Connect cut claims three I'M
ususually large trees; the Wethers-
field slim, 80 feet in circumference
breast-high. the Ashford oak, %
feet in circumference: and the Corn
wall Eastern Lornkeam, o. irolwood.
nearly seven feet in girth.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1945-03-29
FRAZER
By Mrs. ]. w. CaIfee

A choir of 40 voices from Lustre
will give a program at the Com
munity church on Easter Monday,
April 2 at 8. An offering is to be
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-03-09

financing program should be vol
untary and that persons wishing
to buy war bonds should be able to
buy them conveniently. Hence war
bonds may be purchased at banks,
post offices, theaters, retail stores,
and at scores of other places.
Then, the treasury reasoned, it
should be equally convenient to re-
deem war bonds for emergency pur-
poses, so all banks who desired,
were authorized to redeem the
bonds over the counter, instead of
the former longer, more complicat-
ed method of sending the bond to
the nearest Federal Reserve bank.
Who are the war bond redeemers
. the men and women who cash
in these IL cents out of the dollar?
Almost invariably they are families
whose only saving has been the war
bonds they bought, and, thus, when
an emergency arose their war bonds
were their only recourse. The war
bond redeemer is in the low income
bracket, has an income probably less
than $1,000 per year, and larger
than average family. The chances
are he buys his war bonds through a
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-03-09

81 billion dollars, from &c million
persons were obtained in the sixth
war loan drive alone!
People Pay 60 Per Cent of War Cost.
How has this voluntary program
of war financing been used toward
paying the cost of the war? Here
are a few figures.
From May l, 1941, the start of
the war finance program, through
December 81, 1914, the government
spent 261 billion dollars. OF this
amount 81 billions was used for nom
war expenditures, including the in
terest on the public debt, leaving
240 billion spent on the cost of the
war.
Out of this 26l billions, 101 billions,
or 1877 per cent of the total, has been
raised through net receipts of taxes,
so the excess of spending over tax
receipts from May /, 1941, to Janu-
airy l., 1945, has been 160 billions of
dollars.
During this same period the gov
eminent has borrowed 178 billions
of dollars through sale of govern
mental securities. This equals the
Al billion sold in war bonds and the
1877 billion in other securities. OF
this l78 billion, rs billions have been
borrowed directly or indirectly from
banks. The rest, 103 billions, or 57.9
per cent, has come from non-bank-
ing sources, AZ billions of it from
individual citizens.
The net of all this is that the Amer
lean people are buying war bonds
and that almost GO per cent Of the
amount borrowed for the war cost
has been paid by individuals and
nOn-bankingg sources they are
buying bonds and holding S88 out of
every Sl00 they buy, and the record
indicates that they will keep on buy
ing them SO long as they are offered
for sale, or SO long as the nation
needs their money to help finance
this war.
1t is pretty safe bet that the
treasury department, as a result of
its experience with baby bonds be-
fore the war, and with war bonds
since May l, 1941, will continue in
the bond business after the war is
over. People have the habit of buy
ing government bonds and there is
no indication now that there will be
any concerted rush to the banks to
cash in these bonds when the war
is over.
The very great majority of them
will be held to maturity. And today
bond buying is on a 24-hour basis,
not only on the home front, but on
every battle front where Ameri-
cans are fighting to maintain the
freedom and integrity of a govern
ment and way of life of which
these bonds are symbol.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-03-09

per cent, the average redemption
rate over the four-year period, 1914
through 1914, amounts to slightly
less than 10 per cent per year.
Let's take one year Of war bond
redemptions and compare them to
insurance policy lapses. In -D43, for
instance, total redemptions of war
bonds to amount of bonds outstand-
ing at the end of the year was 6.3
per cent. In 1910 for all legal re-
serve life insurance companies the
dollar amount of policy surrenders
and lapses was 6 per cent of the in
surance in force at the end of the
year. In 1912 the ratio was 4 per
cent.
This tremendous voluntary pro-
gram of war financing, so vast in
its ramifications, is not only the
greatest financing record in all his
tory, it has brought about the great
est pool Of savings in liquid assets
in the history of any people.
The six war loan drives in them
selves produced more than 100 bill
lions of dollars from the sale of all
government securities offered, %
billions more than the combined
goals set for these drives. The sixth
war loan, in itself, exceeded the en-
tire finance program of World War
I. Four Liberty loan drives and one
Victory drive in World War I crossed
$2l, 1882, 924,7 There were an esti-
ated 66 million subscribers but most
of this sum was raised by individu-
ais, banks and business firms able
to buy $4,000 and upwards in Lib
erty bonds. In this war more than