davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-03
Madonna Of the Troll

tStatus on wiseonsin avenue, IN BethssAa. Md.S
She stunds ,Dith pistful contsrsplatirs
eye
Turned phere the westWH hiehpdv
hurries by;
Gentls and poised, with small, sp'ttted
chin,
Ummindful OF the trS1ie and the din,
But NTH q tinseiess peace on her stu
face.
Born 81 the thought Of stdr-lit prairie
sp6cs.
The babe II arms, the child sssinst hs,
knee.
Giue to hsr yosth temdsr dignity,
50 that shs irsnrs the adr6 o. prGirie
tDipes
With qaist grace. ss ors icho stu ccn-
tripes
Through toll and iomslixsss and dssp
distress.
70 kssp ixtsct the srirtt's louslinss&
AN1aE WOOD MURRAY.
Evening star., 1945-10-03

favor to look into Elliott's flnan-
cial difmculties and see II anything
could be done about them" Fur
thermore. he said, the President
promised to see that he was repaid
the money spent in settling the
loan, but that this has not yet been
done.
Whatever version one chooses to
believe, the story Of this transac.
ton, as one OF the committee men,
bers has said, Is rather sordid''
one. 1t Is very much to be regretted
that the truth has not been estab-
hshed to the point of genera
acceptability and 1t hurts the con.
science OF the people to find {
committee OF Congress dividing, In
its search for the truth, on politica
party lines.
Evening star., 1945-10-03
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The French have been pressing the
foreign ministers conference for q set
tlement Of the Rhine. .Ruhr question.
Their proposal is to detaeh it from the
Reich and award 1t to France.
There has been American support
for MISUNDERSTANDING" the Ruhr- Rhine
territory. It was . plank in the Re-
publican platform in the last elections
and must have the support of John
--oster Dulles, who Is one Of Secretary
OF State Byrnes' advisers. But what
does "internationalsation" mean?
II the Rhine-Ruhr problem is broken
down into its componeuts. two leading
The territory is unquestionably Ger
man, In that II has for centuries be.
lonsed TO Germany and is" populated by
Germans. But it also Is the heart-
center Of European coal and industry.
1t is, for instance, so important TO Hof-
land that the Dutch probably would
oppose awarding 1t to France. AL
Europe west Of the Oder d TO greater
or less degree dependent on 1t, II
would certainly be more rational to
award II to France and help 1t flourish
outside the Reich than de-industrialze
1t, which would mean crippling the
chief source Of European industrial
energy.
But what would then happen to the
German inhabitants? Would France
follow the lead of the Eastern European
states and demand the transportation
OF the dense German population oi
this area into an already diminished
Reich, which, II the eastern frontiers
~ now drawn are accepted by the peace
conference, will be deprived Of quar-
ter Of its arabic land?
Eighty million Germans cannot be
compressed into 50 small and uneconomic
an area without creating a cancer In
the heart Of Europe. A biblical truth
happens to be 30. We are "alI members
one OF another" and this Is supremely
true of the European economies.
It ID also doubtful whether either
France or Poland can satisfactorily re-
settle the lands they claim from Ger
many, with the population removed
France Is not over but under populated
as II is. Yet, II she forcibly includes
Germans in large numbers, she Is look
ing for future trouble.
From the long view In which peace
should be made, the acquisition by the
French of this territory seems, there
fore, unwise.
On the other hand, the great Rhine
Ruhr monopolies and cartels should not
resume their former powerful role nor
should this complex be the servant Of
q German state. We did not defeat
Evening star., 1945-10-03
A Mistaken ldeu
By Dspid LelrYsncs
From Ottawa L prois.

thoih 9sts Wk - AdVAs.
The government will probably receive,
one day or another. q delegation Of
protesters, although they have taken q
strange course. When one obtains an
interview with the government one does
not begin with threats. These union
members have curious way Of demand.
Ing An interview. These war workers
who have been let out seem to us, more
over, TO have forgotten something. They
seem 10 US to imagine that the fictitious
prosperity born Of war viii continue
indefinitely. That is q Utopian idea,
Although Canada has not been the
object of destruction like other coun.
tries In Europe, Il must bear the conse.
quences OF the war. The last armed
conflict has cost Us dear. It should be
followed by certain deflation If we are
to get our affairs in order. The mistake
= number Of these people are making il
IN wanting TO continue the war-work
regime. But that Is impossible. The
war % over. We must return to the
days Of psacs.
Evening star., 1945-10-03
The Roosevelt Looms,

When Elliott Roosevelt made his
public statement two months ago
in reply to criticism of his fnan-
cial transactions he said that
the results OF the Treasury Depart
ment's investigation, when pub
lished, would speak for them
selves" These results are now
speaking, and the story they tell
is one Of contradictions that are in
consistent with the truth.
Elliott Roosevelt said that his
father had no advance knowledge
Of his plan to borrow $4,000 from
John A. Hartford, head Of the Great
Atlantic n Pacific Tea Co. The
fathers only connection with the
transaction. according to the son,
was to tell MIR. Hartford that the
loan, II made, was to be on q busi-
pess basis, and that it would not
be embarrassing politically to him.
Mr.. Hartford said that he talked
to the late President, whom he did
not know, by telephone at Elliott's
suggestion. The President, he said,
greeted him with Hello, John"
And then, according to the Hart
ford testimony, Mr.. Roosevelt went
on to say that he was entirely IA
miliar" with the proposed loan. that
it was . sound business proposition,
and that he would appreciate"
anything he could do for Elliott.
Mr.. Hartford said that he then
made the loan because he felt that
he was ION the spot and did not
want to Incur the enmity OF the
President"
The next conflict arises in the
statements made by Elliott and
Jesse Jones, who settled the $780,
900 loan for $4,000 while he was
Secretary Of Commerce. Elliott
stated that it was he who ap-
preached Mr.. Jones and asked him
to attempt 4 settlement OF the loan.
Mr.. Jones, however, said that the
President asked him "as Z personal
Evening star., 1945-10-03
This Changing World
By C0nsf0nfiss ByoiCH

Private reports reaching washington
from London say that the Big Five
Foreign Ministers meeting has bean
dubbed the "Billingssate Conference"
Billingsgate IL . famous dsh market
In London whore the women who sell
hsh are renowned for their strong lan-
suage.
The London Conference started In
an atmosphere of good will-at least,
80 far as the western representatives
and the Chinese were concerned. These
Representatives were moved by the idea
OF blueprinting at least one peace
treaty-with Italy--which would give
the world the illusion that some Of the
principles Of international justice and
fair play would be adopted IN the post
war era.
But within less than 40 hours violent
clash, not yet OF personalities but Of
ideals, became apparent. Whatever ter
ritorial advantages" were desired by
the British. for instance, were cloaked
In q formula which concealed their true
aims.
Secretary Of State Byrnes, who is 4
realist In politics, soon became aware
that some adjustment must be made
between the ideologies which inspired
this country to enter the fight against
aggression and the desire to maintain
or create new empires. He was willing
to play along in the conviction that
treaty which represented only 50 per
cent OF our ideals-if such could be
agreed on-would be . good enough be-
ginning.
Four of the other foreign ministers,
who had much latitude in their views.
played along with him. The only ex-
ception was the imperturbable Soviet
Foreign Commissar Molotov, who ar
rived In London with his hands tied by
iron-bound decisions taken In Moscow
and approved by Premier Stain. It
soon became evident that Russia in
tended to use this first major postwar
international conference to peg her
claims for vast empire In the west and
the east.
He brought out new demands and
claims ut every session Of the conference
until 1t became obvious that the meet
Ing, which had been called primarily to
discuss peace treaty with italy and,
If time was available, touch lightly on
other matters, was to embrace all ques-
tions concerning Europe. Africa and
Asia.
The statement of Mr. Byrnes and Mr.
Bevin that they were not prepared to
discuss . multitude Of subjects made
no impression on the Soviet representa-
tive. He kept poker face throughout
the sessions and declared that these
are my instructions" Occasionally he
assumed more friendly attitude and
said he would ask for further orders
Evening star., 1945-10-03
Consequences Of Strikes
By Raym ond Moisy

The broad alternatives in the Nation-
wide labor situation offer interesting
lines Of speculation.
II substantial wage increases are
granted In important industries now
afilicted with strikes, other organized
trades win demand more, and wages
everywhere will rise Mine workers will
be prominent in the demands, and coal
would be the commodity most immedi-
ately affected.
What will oPA do when this comess
It would be confronted by "fait ae-
comph" on the labor side e-perhaps
something which will have the concur
renee Of the administration. There Is
evidence that the OPA may beat q
selective retreat. j. =. Fender Of the
Structural Products Institute Il quoted
In the newspaper. to the effect that
OLA orders increasing the price Of
clay products win almost Immediately"
end shortages In that 1ield. Meanwhile,
limitations On prices are certainly re.
straining production in various lines.
II employers in the lines whore strikes
for wage increases are now going on res
fuse substantial increases, the strikers
viii probably stay out for some time.
The longer they stay out, the more the
complication in reconversion II the
Government considers taking over
plants. II must also consider whether
workers. Will 60 back at the Old rates
which were paid under the broken con-
tracts. II they did 90 hack under Gov
ernment operation, the Government
might BE- hung up with properties in
normal manufacturing Of with the tsch-
nical prohlems OF reconversion, includ-
Ing the Reorganization of salss sflorts
surely. this \ no Job for the Army o.
/ Raw.
Evening star., 1945-10-03
A-1s WEDNESDAY. October 3, 1s4s
Peace and General Patton

II there were another battle to
be fought, General Patton would
not be relieved of his Sd Army COM
mand. He is too good a man to
have around when there is fighting
to be done. But the general Is curl
ously allergic to peace. 1t starts
him talking, when others have time
to lisSen. When he starts talking
he invariably lands in hot water.
This time there may have been
more to 1t than talking. 1t would
be interesting to know-and prob
ably we shall never know-whether
the general was relieved because
he talked out of turn, or whether
his conversation indicated a con-
stitutional inability TO accept di-
receives designed to carry out the
political, as well as administrative,
pases Of occupation. knowing the
q fmans are thoroughly licked and
will remain in that condition for
some time to come, General Patton
may not only have disregarded the
letter but the spirit of instruc-
tions designed to wipe Nazis out of
the picture. The Nazis were at
least good administrators, and this
coming winter OF cold and hunger
in Germany will demand competent
administration to ease the suffer-
ing.
Some of the best fighting men
make the worst jobs of civil gov
ernment. The situation in Germany
now calls for type of administra-
tion which must be rather difncult
to ind in the personnel of combat
troops. Some of the very qualities
which win victories on battlefields
make for unsatisfactory civil gov
ernment. AS good as he may be in
leading troops. General Patton has
never indicated that he put much
store in the humane considerations
required in the rehabilitation of
victims of war.
No matter who is in charge, how
ever, the job in Germany this win
ter Is going to tax the wisdom of q
Solomon. Unless General Essen
hover himself is replaced and
brought back here soon to do the
work for which he is best qualified
professionally. even his own great
prestige, won on the field of battle
as Allied supreme commander, is
apt to suffer. The sooner he is out
Of the kiess. the better.
Evening star., 1945-10-03

from Moscow, but this never changed
any Of the fundamentals Of the Russian
view.
Eventually clash Of personalities oc-
Cured. Even the even-tempered Mr..
Byrnes was occasionally driven to OUT
bursts Of anger In the midst Of the
sessions. Mr.. Bevin, more conversant
with the rnanipulations Of the Moscow
political system. lost his temper more
frequently and with greater violence.
The British Labor party he represents
Is, OF necessity, Is Interested In preserv-
ing the British Empire intact as It's
predecessor, the Conservative party.
While In domestic matters there ID .
world Of difference between the two
principal British political sets, In the
matter OF foreign policies the laborites
are well aware that q disruption of the
empire would have far greater roper.
cussion on the British laboring classes
than on the capitalists in the United
Kingdom.
And Mr.. Bevin suspected that Russia's
multiferous demands for trusteeships In
Africa, her insistence on maintaining
an exclusive political and economic grip
on the Danubian Valley and her request
that the Soviet type. Of democracy be
recognized in all sections of Europe
which lay In the Soviet zone Of influence
were aimed at the heart of the British
Empire. The London Conference brought
to the fore the old Russo British rivalry
which dates back TO the middle Of the
18th century.
Mr.. Bevin is far less diplomatic" than
his predecessor, Anthony Eden. He
has risen to his present position from
what the British aristocracy calls the
lower classes and likes to call q spade
q spade. Mr.. Bevin also is q man of
action and likes neither temperizations
nor meaningless diplomatic formula
such as Mr.. Eden devised In his various
dealings with Mr.. Molotov.
The government of Winston Churchill
was dominated by Mr.. Churchill and
Mr.. Eden 70 far Is foreign affairs were
concerned. Both leaders prior to June
81, ls41. had denounced the Soviet and
Its policies In unequivocal language. Any
strong stand they may have adopted
later when Russia became q member
OF the United Nations was regarded
by the British labor classes as being
the result Of old prejudices and as un-
adulterated "toryism."
Mr.. Bevin had no such record. For
many years he has advocated . sincere
cooperation with the U.SS.R.. But,
now when 1t Is he and his party who
preside over the future destinies OF
Britain-that is to say. the British work.
ingmen-Mr. Bevin resents Russia's at
titude which he sees as q threat to the
very foundations Of the empire.
Evening star., 1945-10-03

II the workers refused to 60 back, the
Government would be confronted with
almost unprecedented embarrassment.
Another alternative Is an intensii1ca.
tion Of the Goyernment's efforts to keep
prices down, even by court action. During
the war, Government put on enough
pressure to keep wages down. But since
the war ended, no Government stAtement
on wages has been made, except that
Of William H. Davis. And Davis was
deleted
or Government might decide against
forceful action and wait In the hope that
the strikes viii wear themselves out.
This would be costly political procs.
dure. It would invite such actions By
state Governors Is that q Gov. Dswsy
In the New York elevator strike. And
licah Governors succeeded where the
administration had failed, the Demo
cratic party of President Trunaan would
suffer grave consequences.
There are other serious possibilities.
II the OPA fails to hold the line,
prospective buyers may decide that they
had batter buy quickly And the cons
sequences to the prices Of land, houses
and stocks might well Be serious hack
in 1920, when prices were rising briskly,
many owners sold Liberty Bonds to get
money to buy houses and other things.
This depressed the bonds. The fear Of
such . situation, after this war, caused
: the Government TO sch bonds which may
be cashed on demand and which cannot
be sold. These = bonds, II turned In
now, would have decidedly infiationary
effect. KS
II Is Z real crisis that ~ are facing.
II would b most unwiaa 70 iail q gse-
o9nixe Il.
Evening star., 1945-10-03

Germany In order to restore her-or
any one else-as the military-economic
master Of Europe.
There Is, however, q solution which
might open the way to a more rational
life for Europe altogether. That Is
something ] know was In President
Roosevelt's mind, from an extended con-
versation I had with him a year or 20
ago.
Being loyal TO historic and ethno-
grfphic principles. leave. the German
population where 1t is The forcible
uprooting snd mass transfer of human
beings Is q crime against humanity,
which outraged our consciences when
the Nazis committed It, II we condone
1t we shall eventually see bitter Ameri-
can- and British - revulsions, perhaps
especially, among American soldiers.
Yet the Rhine -Ruhr can reasonably
BE- internationalised, In that It can Be
Enropeanised, Is an economic complex.
1t should be, because ii Is, actually, es-
sential to al Europe Russia and China
have no economic interest In 1t: neither
do We; but Ill Europe west Of the Oder
does. tThe east needs the silesian In
dustries and coal)
The Rhine-Ruhr mines and industries
could be Europeanized by transterrint
ownership to European cousortium
set up On cooperative principles. award
ing to each European state share COM
mensurats with its purchases from this
area. Tfty-one per cent Of ownership,
at least. should 60 to the European
states. not private persons, and 1t
should be administered and controlled
as European public property. This
would both Europeanize, and TO what.
ever extent European opinion demands,
socialixe the Rhine-Ruhr. It would re-
main in Germany, but be owned and
controlled by and for Europe a . whole
and through it they also would con-
troll Germany.
There should be no restraints on the
movement Of workers in and out of
the area. They should be employed ac-
cording to demand, skill and efficiency,
not according to nationality.
The Europeanizing of the industrial
heart Of Germany and Europe might
begin the Europeanizing of Europe. IN
less that happens, Western Europe is
finished. Within q generation or two
it will become the booty of one or an
other Of the great powers, with or with
out war.
Moving a frontier here or there will
not solve the European problem. Unless
1t Is solved, this war will not have been
won-and our hopes for q reasonable,
realistic peace and world economic re-
vival viii be frustrated.
Released BY the Bell syndicate, Inc,
Evening star., 1945-10-03
Reconversion Report

In his report to the President and
Congress, Director John w. Snyder
Of the Office of War Mobilization
and Reconversion offers abundant
evidence that the Nation has made
gratifying progress in the gigantic
task Of switching back to q peace
time economy, but he rightly en-
phasizes that this progress has been
largely OF the make-ready or clear
the-decks sort and that the hardest
part of the Job still lies ahead.
Three goals have been set up:
First, the expansion of our peace
time output, "as fast rs possible, Z"
to level 40 or so per cent above the
prewar figure; second, Jobs for all
able and willing to work and, third
stable markets for business and
agriculture. To this end, as Mr.
Snyder points out, many impressive
steps have already been taken, such
as the speedy settlement of war con-
tracts and the lifting of most pro-
duction controls. Yet much more
remains to be done, and in the best
OF circumstances high unemploy-
ment is almost certain to continue
through 1946, at the end OF which
assuming the utmost cooperation
and teamwork among all of us" In
the meantime-we ought to be well
On our way to a period of unprec-
edented prosperity.
In addition to teamwork, Mr..
Snyder lists successful support Of
economic stabilization as being
equally indispensable to the attain
ment Of the goals before US. The
administrators policy, he says, is
. triple one: I'd To help find man
power, materials and more plant
capacity for that part Of the econ
omy needing them: ca to support
income and markets for that part
Of the economy which cannot hire
more workers because transitional
unemployment elsewhere or reduc-
ton In total wage payments pre-
vents the full development Of mar
kets, and CD to hold the line against
imitation and defiation.
A mere statement of policy--and
Mr., Snyder's report Is almost en-
tirely q restatement OF points made
sometime ago either by himself or
the Presidents not enough, how
ever. In the last analysis, he de-
clares, we can reconvert success
fully only If Congress arms the
executive branch with sufiicient
authority to fulfill its responsible
tiles. In this respect, he describe,
as urgently necessary favorable ac-
tion on such matters as legislation
for full employment, the upward re-
vision OF minimum wage standards
and higher and broader unemploy-
ment compensation. And although
he seems to subordinate 1t to legis-
lative requirements, he stresses that
Evening star., 1945-10-03

1t Is obvious there must be 4 prompt
and peaceful settlement Of labor
management disputes.
Many Americans, In and out Of
Congress, have already disagreed
with some Of the points made by
Mr.. Snyder, but taken as Z whole his
report makes sense, and II the Ma
tion follows its general outline, the
reconversion difficulties ahead ought
to be overcome as readily as when
the situation was reversed and we
were shifting from peace to war.
Evening star., 1945-10-03
The Europa

One OF the most notably interest
ing and valuable prizes OF war to
fall to America Is the 49,746-ton
ocean liner Europa, formerly the
pride of the German merchant
marine. This fine ship was taken
over by a United States Navy crew
at Bremerhaven on May 9 and
arrived In New York harbor with
4,314 returning American soldiers on
September "a. She admittedly is
rusty and "unkept," but Captain
Benjamin Franklin Perry, who
brought her across, has testified that
she handled beautifully" The
average speed maintained was
twenty knots, and she is capable Of
twenty-eight or twenty-nine.
In fact, the Europa on her maiden
voyage in March, 1880, set = record
Of four days, seventeen hours and six
minutes for the distance between her
home port and her dock in Man
haitian. She was built at Hamburg
on the Elbe, and it is worthy Of
mention parenthetically that she
was dedicated" to DR.. Jacob Gould
schurman, former president of Cor
nell University and Ambassador to
Germany from 1925 to 1880. Her
one hundredth trip was "chalked up
on July 20, 1895. She remained In
active and popular service until the
beginning OF hostilities In August,
1899, when she hurried to the shelter
of her base to escape capture by the
British. Reported hit by bomb in
November 20, 1910, she again was
under attack on four occasions in
1914. Her sister ship, the almost
equally famous Bremen, burned at
her pier in 1s41.
The Europa will be "reconverted"
at the Navy Yard Annex ut Bayonne.
New Jersey, and is to be used as 4
troop transport as long as she is
needed In that capacity. After
wards, she probably will revert to
the Maritime Commission and be
operated In the Atlantic peacetime
passenger trade.
Evening star., 1945-10-03
Eessentiul Opportunity

Prom the q. Louis Post ntspateh.
Japan won't really b democracy
until the national slogan becomes: sAny
pooe boy Ian oxow - = ~ 4ikaAe.n