davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-01-12
Army Leaders
RelievedFor
AbilityLack
Stimson Says Nation Soon
To Know Casualties
In Europe

WASHINGTON, Jan. H.
UP)-A number of U. S
Army commanders have beer
ousted from their battlefront
commands for failure to meet
performance standards, it was
revealed today by Secretary OF
War Henry L. Stimson who
announced simultaneously the
Nation probably will be told
next Thursday what the re-
cent German break-through
cost in American lives.
He declined to disclose when
or where the command shakeups
occurred or the rank Of officers
involved. 1t was presumed, how
ever, that most of the actions in
volved the European theatre and
possibly resulted from the Ger
man offensive.
1T is the policy of the War De-
partment," he said, ''to demand
the very highest standards of per-
formance from the Ar.ny's COM
manders. A number OF comman-
ders nave been relieved because
of this demand.
However, such removals may
mean that the abilities of the Of
tcers did not suit their particular
assignments, and the men may be
placed at other duties to which
they are better fitted"
His statement was prompted by
questions whether any comman-
ders other than Maj. Gen. Lindsay
Mcdonald Sylvester had been re-
moved from combat commands.
Sylvester was relieved several
months ago of his command of the
Seventh Armored Division, re-
turned here and reverted to his
permanent rank of colonel.
otlmSon announced at his press
conference that Army casualties
compiled mere through December
~, but not including those suffer-
ed IN the German offensive, total
oo4,5ol-7, 1899 more than the figure
announced last week. Navy, Ma
rlne and Coast Guard totals as of
last night were 82,O29.
mus, announced total casualties
1of all U. S. forces since Pearl
Hafoor now stands at 646,2SO, in
cIuaing 1888 killed, 37O,6
wounded, 1854 missing and 63.746
prisoners Of war.
StmSon said he expected 'to
nave next week the figures for
Decemoer which will cover prin-
eIpally the period of the German
ollenslVe' He said in effect that
t u'e war Department was not de-
moefafely holding back on the cas-
'' .n suffered in the Nazi drive.
! NO casualty figures have been
olll'ted, he said. THE depart
liehF simply has not thought it
WISE at the time Of emergency to
require that special set of cas-
v vsl'y 1lgures be compiled in ad-
vance Oh the usual compilation.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Spirit Of ST. Louis DeraiIed
BY Auto; One Dead, 10 Hurt
BY the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
BROOKVILLE, Ohio, Sept. 3.-A
woman was killed and at least 10
persons were injured today when
the Westbound Spirit of st. Louis
of the Pennsylvania Railroad struck
an automobile and was derailed.
The woman, Mrs. Hazel Cain, So.
of Brookville, was an occupant of
the auto.
The injured included four train
men. None of the train passengers
was reported hurt, although one
coach plunged down an embank-
ment and into a paved street. It
did not overturn.
One of two locomotives was up
set, another was thrown crosswise
the track, and an express car was
crushed.
The accident occurred about $3.50
am. in this Montgomery County
community, II miles west of Dayton.
Berlin Cain. driver of the car and
husband of the dead woman, was
injured critically. Four Cain chill
dren also were hurt. They are Ber-
lin, jr, IA; Gerald, 3; Danny, 2,
and Dennis, 7 months.
The injured trainmen, most of
whom suffered burns, are:
Engineer w. M. Jordan of Gin
cinnati, Engineer c. A. Mecham of
Columbus, Ohio; Engineer Ansin
Lynn, Fed Walters, baggage man,
and Fireman Robert Dixon of Rich
mond, Ind.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Five Climb Monument Staircase
Closed Since Beginning of War

Five hardy young people with a
high disdain for fatigue this morn
ing became the first persons to
climb the 898 steps in the Washing
ton Monument since they were
closed to the public December 8,
194l, the day after Pearl Harbor.
When Guard John H. Bushong un-
locked the door to the winding
stairway at 9 am, Frances Farring-
ton, q, and her brother, John, jr.,
10, of Roanoke, Va, were waiting
for the ascent.
Some one asked us If we'd like to
be the first to 60 up since Pearl Har-
Dor and we decided 1t would be fun"
they said. Besides, we are used to
walking"
John explained he was a construc-
ton worker on 132-foot building
going up In Arlington and thought
nothing Of climbing II stories three
times day.
Then came Miss Hazel Martin,
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Holiday Toll Expected
To SET 3-Year Record
BY the Associated Press.

The death toll of Americas first
peacetime holiday since Pearl Har-
Dor appeared to be headed for the
highest total in the last three years
as the Nation began the last of its
three-day celebration of Labor Day.
Early today 203 accidental deaths
from automobile mishaps, drownings
and other causes had been reported
across the country since the begin
ming of the Labor Day week end.
OF this total, lit fatalities resulted
from automobile accidents, % deaths
by drowning and 81 from other
causes.
Last years death toll was 245,
including 1877 traff1c fatalities.
In 1941, before wartime gasoline
and tire restrictions greatly reduced
highway traffic and holiday excur-
sions, the three-day Labor Day
celebration cost 626 lives, of which
423 were lost in automobile acci-
dents.
Illinois led today in death toll by
States, with Is fatalities, including
II traffic deaths, two drownings and
six from miscellaneous causes. Ohio
was next with II deaths, followed by
New York with is, Michigan with
IL and California with 10.
1--WE may expect a traffic death
toll of 300 or more over the three
day holiday" the National Safety
Council predicted on Saturday un-
less motorists drove carefully and
used war-thinned tires with eau
ton.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Green Calls for so Pct. Boost
In u. S. Standard of Livinq
AFL President Urges Immediate Raise
In Wages and industrial Peace
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CAMDEN, N. j., Sept. 3.-De-
claring the United States is on
the threshold of "a new indus
trial revolution, William Green
called today for a so per cent
raise in the American standard
of living.
The president OF the American
Federation of Labor said thu revolu-
ton will be perhaps more sweeping
in its effects than the advent of
the machine age and electric power"
and outlined a program which he
said must be carried out to assure
Deaching goal Of greater pros
perity.
These were the principal points Of
the program as outlined by Mr..
Green in an address prepared for
delivery at memorial services for thu
father of Labor Day" AFL, Peter
J. Mcguire. one Of the founders:
/. Private industry and Govern
Evening star., 1945-09-03
BY w. H. SHIPPEN, Jr.,

ABOARD U. S. S. MISSOURI,
Tokyo Bay, Sept. 3.-The signing
OF the japanese surrender docu-
mentS aboard this great Aneri-
can warship yesterday was
brought to a dramatic conclu-
sion with a display of the Ameri-
can air might which brought
Japan to her knees.
AT $3.50 am, Just as the high
hated Mamoru Shigemitsu, Japan's
limping foreign minister, was lead
ing his delegation down the gang
way after the ceremony, four tight
formations of nine B-29s each
thundered over at low altitude from
a rendezvous over the Emperor
Palace in Tokyo, some 20 miles to
the north. =
Then the air was filled with 500
Navy shipboard fighters, dive bomb
ers and torpedo planes roaring down
from the mainland in perfect for
nation.
Fighters Dr0ne Overhead.
During the ceremony a top cover
of fighter planes droned through the
overcast over this ship, loaded with
Evening star., 1945-09-03
arm Labor Recruiting
Lacks Coordination,
Brewster Charges
Agriculture Department
Ignores USES Offices,
He Tells Job Heurinq
BY ]. A. O'LEARY,

Lack of coordination between
Government agencies in the re-
cruiting of farm labor was
charged by Senator Brewster,
Republican, of Maine today as
the Senate Finance Committee
remained in holiday session to
consider liberalized unemploy-
ment compensation during ths
reconverSion period. =
He declared that while thousands
Of persons are applying to United
States Employment Service ofices
for jobs, the Agriculture Department
is going its own sweet way" recruit
ing farm labor independently. He
called 1t another perfect case oi
lack Of Coordination"
The question arose while the first
OF a long list Of labor spokesmen was
testifying in support of Federal ex-
pansion of the State unemployment
laws, as proposed in the Kilgore bill
under which the Federal Govern
ment would supplement State pay
ments, up to a maximum of $25 a
week for 26 weeks of unemployment
Urges liberalization.
Edward H. Weyler of the Ken
lucky State Federation of Labor
urged passage of the Kilgore bill and
said his only objection to it is that
it does not call for complete fed
eralization of the system, which we
feel is sorely needed, because of vari-
ations in State laws.
Another supporter of the bill was
Lloyd Klenert, international secre-
tary-treasurer of the United Textile
Workers of America. Mr.. Klenert
(See JOBLESS, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Obtaining Defense Counsel
May Delay War Crime Trial
Ey tie Associated Press,

Ey tie Associated Press.
NUREMBERG, Sept. 3.-A delay
IN the opening of the Nuremberg war
crimes trials until late October or
November was foreseen today if the
defendants request German civilian
counsel.
Justice Robert H. Jackson, head Of
the American staff to prosecute
NaN war criminals, said the defend
ants would have the right to counsel
If they requested it. Employment of
counsel must await the filing of in
dictments in Berlin and minimum
OF 80 days will be required after
that for attorneys to prepare their
cases.
Nearly 100 members of Mr.. jack
sons staff are here. The British
and French stats are expected to
number about 80 each. A Russian
delegation of 80 Is expected about
September Is.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Chang Pledges Shift
To Constitutional
inChina
Shall Permit No Further
Delay in Introducing
System, He Declares
BY the Associated Press.

CHUNGKING, Sept. 3.-Gen-
eralissimo Chang Kai-shek in a
VI message to the nation today
said, Now that the war is over
we shall permit no further delay
in the Inauguration of constitu-
tional democracy" in China.
"To make past sacrifices truly
meaningful we should at this time
introduce democracy and constitu-
tionalism and consolidate national
unity" said Chang, China's leader
through more than eight years of
war.
Yielding partly to Communist de
mands, Chang asked the people to
give support to the government for
an early convocation of the National
Assembly and said the government
was prepared to consult all leaders
before convoking the assembly. The
Communists long have insisted that
the assembly be summoned by an
an-party conference, not by the
Kuomintang COVER ment party
alone.
The generalissimo said the gov
eminent also was ready to consider
a reasonable increase in the num-
ber of delegates to the assembly and
seek rational settlement of other
related problems"
GA Reuters dispatch from
Chungking to London said it was
learned reliably today that a
temporary agreement had been
reached by Chang and the Chi
nese Communist leader, Mao Tse-
tsung)
Dense masses of people thronged
the bef1aged streets of Chungking in
gay holiday mood celebrating VI
day.
The principal attraction was a COL
orful parade which was watched by
hundreds of thousands of people
Caught in the parade and becom-
ing part of it were several hundred
ieepborne GIs and WACS VINO
were warmly greeted.
Meanwhile, the Chinese high
command announced that its troops
have re-entered the Yangtze River
port of Ichang, westernmost Japa-
nese bastion in Central China, and
are completing occupation of the
big southern city of Canton.
Other Chinese forces under Gen
Lu Han, who was designated to ac-
cept the Japanese surrender in
Northern Indo- China, have crossed
the Kwangsi border into that French
colony and occupied the Tam Lung
and Langson districts.
Formal surrender of the Japa-
nese in China is scheduled to be
signed in Nankinp on Thursday
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Hirohito Informs His Ancestors
Of Defeat in Solemn Ceremony
Emperor Also Prepares to Take Part
In Opening of Diet Session Tomorrow

Accounts of the surrender in
cluded photographs of Gen. Mac
Arthur and of Foreign Minister
Mamoru Shigemitsu signing the sur
render document.
The Nippon Times expressed fears
about China, saying, There are not
a few cases in history where prin-
ciples of justice have been advo-
Gated in the treatment of the de-
feated" but ''it has been the practice
rather than the exception for the
defeated to be dealt with in a feel
ing of vengeance"
The influential newspaper Asahi
expressed "keenest concern" over
the future of japanese industry and
foreign trade and over reparations.
THE terms to be imposed by the
Allied powers in respect to repara-
tions, industry and commerce will
determine whether or not Japan will
continue to maintain its national
existence" Asahi said.
Aided by a grant of lumber from
imperial crown forests, the govern
ment is proceeding with prepara-
tions for reconstruction of bomb-de-
stroyed homes, the Tokyo radio re-
ported today.
The broadcast said there is little
(See HIROHITO, Page A-2.)
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Japs' Defeat Signals
Return Of kuriies and
Sahka|in, Stain Says
Russians Get First News
Of Surrender Signing in
Premier's Broadcast
BY the Associated Press.

MOSCOW, Sept. 3.-The Rus
sian people celebrated today the
japanese surrender ceremony
and the formal end of a war
which Premier Stain said would
mean the return of Southern
Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands
to the Soviet Union.
Russia lost the southern half of
Sakhalin to Japan in the Russo
japanese war in 1904-05. Previously
Russia had given up her claims to
the Kuriles in an agreement reached
with Japan in 1875.
For 40 years have we, men of
the older generation, waited for this
day." Premier Stain said in per-
sonal broadcast to the nation yes
terday. He declared the japanese
defeat means that Southern SAX
halin and the Kurile Islands will
pass to the Soviet Union and from
now on will not serve as a means
for isolating the Soviet union from
the ocean and as a base for Japa-
nese attacks on our Far East"
Celebration Continues.
Premier Stains address gave the
Russians their first news of the
formal end of the war and touched
off joyous celebration which con-
tinued today-a national victory
holiday. Muscovites surged into
the streets Red flags waved from
buildings. including those of the
United Nations delegations. Gil
gantic pictures of Premier Stain
and Lenin were displayed on fac
AIDES, balconies and in shop win
dows.
Conditions necessary for the
peace of the world have already
been won,' Premier Stain said.
"The long-awaited peace for the
nations of the whole world has
come"
GLORY to the armed forces of the
Soviet Union, the United States of
America, China and Great Britain
which have won over Japan" Pre-
mier Stain concluded. Subsequent
Russian broadcasts paid tribute to
Gen. Macarthur and President Tru-
man in compelling the enemy's un-
conditional surrender.
1904 Attack Recalled.
Premier Stain reviewed Japans
attack on Russia in 1904 and COM
pared the assault on the Russian
squadron at Port Arthur with the
japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
in 1941.
"It should be noted that the
Japanese invaders inflicted damage
not only on our Allies-China, Unit
ed States of America and Great
(See STAIIN Page AL
Evening star., 1945-09-03
President Promises
To Hasten DISCHARGE
OF Men in Service
VI Broadcast Carries
Reossurine Message to
Troops Still Overseas

American servicemen overseas
had President Truman's pledge
today that I'VE will do every
thing possible" to speed up their
return to civilian life.
This promise was given by the
President last night in special VI
day broadcast to the troops during
which he emphasized the grave
task of preserving the peace which
you gallant men and women have
won" .--
He said military service must con-
tinue for some of you" because
occupation forces must be kept in
Japan and Germany to clean out
militarism in the defeated coun-
tries, but "the great majority of you
will be returned to civilian life as
soon as the ships and planes can
get you here"
The President added that I'VE de-
pend on you. who have known waI
in all it's horror, to keep this Ma
ton aware that only through CO.
operation among all nations can any
nation remain wholly secure
Introduced by Private.
Mr.. Truman spoke from the White
House during a half-hour Armed
Forces Radio Service broadcast
which originated in Hollywood. He
was introduced from Hollywood by
Pfc. Alton Bouchard of San Fran
cisco, who had just returned from
Okinawa, where he was wounded
Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Frank Sina-
ira and Frances Langford were
among stars on the Hollywood end
of the program.
The text of the Presidents speech
follows:
am speaking to you, the armed
forces of the United States, as ]
did after v day in Europe, at high
moment of history. The war, tc
1See TRUMAN. Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1945-09-03
By the Associated Fress.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. g.
Emperor Hirohito today person
ally informed the imperial an
cestorS of Japan's defeat and
then prepared to take part in
the opening tomorrow of the
88th session of the Diet, the first
to be held in Japan's newly re-
duced position.
The Domei agency. in an FEC
recorded dispatch. said the imperial
ancestors were advised of the situa-
ton at most solemn" ceremony
Hirohito, clad in ceremonial robes
worshipped at three sanctuaries in
the palace, trailed by the empress, a
proxy of the empress dowager,
Princes Mikasa and Takamatsu, Pre-
mier Prince Higashi-Kuni, Gen.
Yoshijiro Umezu, chief of the army
staff, and other high officials.
No details were disclosed regard
ing the Diet opening tomorrow at
10:40 am. Japanese time).
The japanese press, splashing
news and pictures of the surrender
ceremony over the front pages, con-
tinued to worry editorially about the
future of the country and the treat
ment to be meted out by the con-
querorS.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Yamashita Put
Behind Bars in
New BiIibid
Manila Press CIumors
For His Execution
AS War Criminal
Ey the Associated Press.


BAGUIO, Philippines, Sept. 8.
LIT. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita
surrendered his last 10000 Japa-
nese troops in the Philippines to
1t. Gen. Jonathan M. VAIN
wright today, and tonight was
placed behind the bars of New
Bilibid Prison, Is miles south of
Manila.
The Manila press began to clamor
for his execution as war criminal
Gen. Wainwright few here from
Japan, where he had witnessed the
empire surrender ceremony, to ac-
cept Yamashitas capitulation in
stiff1y dignifled 5-minute ceremony.
"The war in the Philippines is now
over" the hero of Bataan and Cor
regidor concluded after signatures
had been affixed.
Members of Yamashita's party ac-
companied the tanned Tiger of Ma
laya" to prison. The paunchy con-
queror of Singapore entered cell
block No. /, in which he has a
single cell with two barred, screened
windows looking on a prison court
yard filled with members of his
beaten forces.
Shares Cell With Six.
His whiteWashed cell contains a
cot, two chairs, table Sharing
the cellblock are six previously cap
tured general officers of his COM
mand.
Filipinos are demanding Yama-
shitas trial and execution as a war
criminal The Manila Post said he
was directly responsible for slaugh-
tering thousands of civilians here
last February, and the Daily News
suggested he get the same treat
ment" that his military police gave
Filipinos held in New Bilibid a few
months ago.
Yamashita was no longer the
arrogant, boastful militarist who
accepted the surrender of Singapore
in February, 1912, from 1t. Gen. Sir
Arthur Percival, the British COM
mander who also attended today's
signing of terms similar to those
agreed to earlier by high Japanese
officials in Tokyo Bay.
Ordered to Remain Standing.
The 6-foot general, Japan's No.
military hero, after his capture of
Malaga and Singapore and leader
of the futile fight against Gen. Mac
Arthur's return to the Philippines,
started to sit down as soon as he
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Halifax Will Fly 10 U. 5.
For Lease-Lend Talks
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Sept. 3.-Lord Halifax,
British Ambassador to the United
States, will leave Britain by air Sum-
day to Join Lord Keynes in Wash
ington for discussions with United
States officials on the cessation of
lease-lend
Lord Keynes arrived in Ottawa
yesterday on this way to Washing
ton.
Fresh attention was focused on
the lease-lend issue here with a
weekend speech by a Labor mem
Der of Parliament, Stanley N. Evans.
Mr.. Evans told his constituents
that while Britain did not expect
ease and plenty Immediately after
war it did anticipate that the United
States would have some considera-
ton for us who held the fort for two
years while Americans waxed fat on
proceeds of cash and carry"
Mr.. Evans said Britain's alterna-
tive was to submit to political black
mail America wants to sell to
every one, but buy from no one, con-
troll the world airways. dominate the
worlds shipping and be the world S
banker"
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Roaring U. S. Plane Display
CIimuxes Surrender Rites

the rank of the victorious United
Nations, and the battlewagons
cruisers, fiat tops and destroyers
which lay on the placid dull surface
of Tokyo Bay.
The ceremony took place around
15-foot table on the captains
veranda deck just aft of number
two gun turret, which had been
canted at As degrees to make room
The signers lined up behind and
ranking officers to one side of the
surrender table set with two chairs
one for the Japs and the other for
Allied signers. A dramatic hush fell
over the great battlewagon when
the launch bearing the japanese
pulled alongside.
The Jap delegation was met at
the head of the gangway by Col
is. F. Mashbir, well-known Wash
ingtonian, Japanese linguist and in
telligence officer on Gen. MacAr-
thurs staff. Shigemitsu was garbed
in tophat, cutaway, striped trou-
sers, spats, tan gloves and high
collar. He wore horn-rimmed
glasses and walked with the help
of q cane which he handed to q
(See SHIPPEN, Page A-z.l
Evening star., 1945-09-03

ment must speed reconversion to
hold transitional unemployment"
to a minimum.
Immediate Wage Boosts.
2. Immediate increase in wage
rates. Mr.. Green said that ito cor
rect substandard conditions" the
AFL was calling on Congress to en-
act legislation which would lift
minimum wage levels Immediately
to rock-bottom of IS cents an hour
and establish a 75-cent floor for
hourly rates of pay in inter- State
industry at the end of three years. -
3. National accord between labor
and industry. a goal which the AFL
will seek in the conference called by
President Truman.
4. A shorter work week.
5. Enactment Of the Kilgore bill
to increase unemployment benefits,
the so-called full employment bill
the Wagner postwar housing bill
and the Wagoner-Murray- -Dingell
(See GREEN pace A-o0
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Jops Report Evacuation
Of Hong Kong Forces
By the Associated Pres,

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 3.-The
Domei agency broadcast today that
evacuation of Japanese forces from
Hong Kong to Kowloon on the
mainland was completed September
!, but occasioned some minor dis
putes" when British forces at
tempted to disarm the Japanese in
some localities. The dispatch. re-
corded by the FEC. said details of
the Hong Kong surrender still were
being negotiated.
Evening star., 1945-09-03
Jop Admiral a Suicide

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 3 R).-
The Domei agency. in a Japanese
language broadcast recorded today
by the FEC, said that Vice Admiral
Matsuo Morizlmi, Osaka naval de-
tense district superintendent Of
shipbuilding and ordnance, commit
ted hara kiri last night.
Evening star., 1945-09-03

20, of Baltimore, and Miss Allene
Lytle, q, and Mrs. Josephine Lytle,
20, both of Kittanning, Pa.
We've been up all night trying
to find a hotel ROOM" they chorused
We're tired and hungry. and sit
ting In the park is no fun. So we
don't figure there's much to lose
from one more walk"
First to reach the observation
landing about 10 minutes later were
the Farringtons. Their father, who
had taken the wiser way up via ele-
vator, was awaiting them.
"It wasn't bad, just hot" said
young harrington. I'VE stopped only
twice, once 200 feet up and again
at $50 feet. We're going to walk
back down."
The painting trio Of girls arrived
a few minutes later.
"It's just wonderful" gasped
(See MONUNENT PAGE A-21