davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04

ments will disturb them all, re-
gardless of political or clinical
differences. They will feel that
the Jugoslavs who contributed
so much towards the winning of
war, are not being treated as the
allies, but as conquered people.
'We assure you, Mr.. Presi-
dent, that the loyalty and the
patriotism of the Americans of
Slovenian descent will remain
undiminished and unshaken, be-
cause we have unlimited faith in
your fair judgment and justice
for the peaceloving peoples of
the world. We are convinced
that the Slovenes and Jugoslavs
in general have earned the full
fillment and realization of their
aspirations and that the United
States will not disappoint them.
Respectfully yours,
Slovenian American National
Council,
(Signed) Mirko G. Kalsel.
Secretary.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04

gravitation of Central European
people toward the sea.
| Venice, trying to control the
Adriatic Gas Italy tried after
World War y, became Trieste's
bitter rival.
Finally in 1882 in order to
slip out of Venice's grasp, Tri-
este voluntarily became a part
of Austria. This, say contempor-
ary Jugoslavs signifies that Tri-
este never was part of Italy,
commercially or otherwise.
BY the 10th Century national
ism was asserting itself. 1t was
! inimical to the Hapsburg
scheme of things, so they - d.
vide ct impera-set one nation
alism against the other. Since
the Italians were numerically
negligible while the Slavs were
a threat, Austria favored the
Italians.
World War /
In the meantime, people in
the rural sections stuck to their
stubborn Slavic-peasant ways.
Before World War I and its
early days, Italy had an alliance
with Austria and Germany, but
betrayed them in return for the
terms in the secret London Pact
of April 26, 1915, under which
Britain, France, and Czarist
Russia agreed that after victory
she would get large sections of
Austria actually Jugoslav) ter
ritory. In 1918 Italy occupied
them and more.
President Wilson had not
known of the London Pact.
When it was revealed, he fought
it futilely at the Peace Confer
ence in Paris.
Jugoslavia, a new country,
was unprepared to deal with It.
ally. But she managed to get the
Italians out of most of Dalma-
tia, anyhow. Italy kept Trieste
and Istria, the province of Gori-
zia, the city of Zara in central
Dalmatia, and a few islands.
With the secret approval of the
Italian Government, D'Annun-
zio seized Fiume.
DtOftC COTe
Carlo Sforza, then Italy's for
eign minister, was a personal
friend of the Jugoslav Prime
Minister Nikola Pasich, a Pan
Serbian who, lacking any real
interest in a united Jugoslavia,
didn't care whether the Sloven-
ians got Trieste and the Croati-
ans got the rest of Istria with
Fiume (Reka).
A ruthless REORGANIZATION
campaign was instituted. The
Slovenian and Croatian lam
guages were eliminated from To-
cal government offices, courts,
schools and even churches. Peo:
pie were forced to adopt Italian
names and were punished if
they gave Slavic names to their
newly born children.
The fact that this began un-
der Sforza, before the Fascist
era, accounts for the Jugoslav
belief that the a aggression
against their territory and cul-
ture was Italian before it was
frankly Fascist.
Under Mussolini, Slavic min
critics in Italy received worse
treatment than any other min
ority group in Europe. Thou
sands were killed and tortured.
But the prewar terror in the.
Julian March was nothing be-
side the Italians behavior in Ju-
goslayia, particularly in Sloye-
MIA and Montenegro, during
World War TT Thau docf,.nxyos7
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04
Jatg0slavs Hold First Review of
NeW Army

Washington.-The first large
review of the Jugoslav army, at
which was seen the excellent ap-
pearance and equipment of the
newly constituted forces, was
held on March II in Belgrade, in
commemorating the fourth an
niversary of Jugoslavia's decla-
ration of war on Germany, a
TANJUG dispatch said, as re-
vealed to owl by the Federal
Communication Commission.
"The sidewalks of the princi-
pal streets, along which the
troops paraded, were crowded
with great masses of people who
showered the courageous Jugo-
slav soldiers as we'll as the guns
and tanks with flowers and
wreaths," the dispatch related.
The parade was led by the
military commander of Bel
grade, Major Gen. Ljubovan Ju-
rich and his staff. On Terazije
square a review stand was
erected for Regent DR.. Dusan
Sernec, AVNOJ President DR..
Ivan Ribar and members of the
presidium, members of the gov
ernment, the chief of the gen.
eral staff, Lieut.. Gen. Arsa Jo-
vanovic and aides, and for men,
bers of the USSR, British,
United States, French, Czecho-
slovak, Bulgarian and Albanian
military m is 81 ions. Jugoslav
planes gave an exhibition of for
nation flying.
"The first unit to march past
were cadets of the military aca-
denny, followed by the military
band of the general staff, after
which came units of infantry
men from all parts of democra-
tic federative Jugoslavia," the
dispatch related. "The cavalry
was greeted with enthusiasm.
Then came the field and anti
aircraft artillery and heavy
mortars. The greatest enthusi-
asm was caused by the appear
ance of motorized artillery and
heavy tanks, and after these
came motorized infantry"
The parade lasted one and a
half hours, TANJUG said.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04
60: e.: ENGLISH SECTIONS 80: :;
FOR YIcTonY-Buy

W1 0OnoS ano S1dMipS
JUNE 4, 1915

Government Exile, Momchilo
Ninchich, a Pan Serbian op-
posedto Jugoslavia, came to the
~. S. A., Sforza had a long con-
ference with him, mainly on the
subject Of the Julian March.
Like Draza Mihailovich, who
represented Pan Serbianism in
side Jugoslavia, Ninchich was
willing that Italy should keep
Trieste and Fiume, Istria and
the province of Gorilla. The
State Department r e ard e d
Sforza with great respect. It
frowned on any request that it
express itself on the subject Of
the future Italo-Jugoslav bor-
der. All such questions had to
wait for the peace conference.
That was reasonable enough
from the point of view of the
State Department and the Lon
don Foreign Office; but could
the hard-pressed Jugoslavs en-
gaging 20 enemy divisions in Ju-
goslayia, hope-from their an
gle to have a chance at q peace
table dominated by the Ameri-
cans and the British?
After the collapse of Italy, the
Anglo-Americans dealt with Ba-
doglio and King Victor Emma
nuel and at the same time were
cold toward Tito's Jugoslavia.
Sforza returned to Rome. Roat-
ia, the greatest war criminal in
Jugoslav eyes was allowed to es-
cape. BY whom? Why?
Where to Turn?
To whom could the Jugoslavs
look for help to obtain a fair
consideration of their territorial
problem with Italy? President
Roosevelt did not say a good
word about the Tito develop
ment in Jugoslavia. U. S. Off
GERS in the Mediterranean thea
ter behaved as though Jugosla-
via were a problem child, dan
gerous because it likes bears
All along, large sections of Of
ficial Britain and American
have been essentially anti-Jugo-
slav, anti-Slavic-afraid Of Rus
sia, of Slavic solidarity.
Russia was a great friend of
new Jugoslavia, but when it
came to the peace conference
would she be in position-with-
in the whole complexity of other
problems-to support consid.
Grafton of the Jugoslav claim
against Italy? What was (what
will be- Russia's relation to
Britain, to America, to the Brit
ish sphere of influence?
Did the British sphere extend
to the northern Adriatic?
This brings us to 1914. Italy
was becoming virtually a Brit
ish colony, which might mean
that the British would wish the
/ Adriatic to be an Italian-that
u.s.. a British-lake. Which might
mean that the British would do
all in their power to avoid
change in the status of Trieste.
A boom town under Austria,
Trieste declined under Italy.
Musolini had to pump popula-
ton Italian) and subsidies into
it to keep it going. Italy had no
need of the port commercially;
it's strategic position, however,
was ideal to keep Central Eu-
ropean commerce at Italy's mer-
cy.
| Will the British proceed on
the same idea-use Trieste-to
exercise control of Northern Ju-
goslavia and the rest of Central
Europe? It would be in keeping
with longtime British policy
and practice.
In 1914, when full liberation
under Tito and the recreation
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04
trieste: A Vital chnltenge to the Big 3
BY LOUIS ADAMIC
Are British Trying to Weaken Tito - And Where
Do We Come In? .=

Trieste was bound to burst on
the worlds consciousness inn
mediately after We Day. It is,
OF course, one of several Eu-
ropean boundary problems. But
it is something else besides: a
focal point in the whole delicate
international situation today
as Greece was last December
and January (and still is, or
Britain wouldn't be keeping a.
600 troops there, and as the
Dardanelles, Palestine, Hong
Kong and Korea probably will
be a few months or a few years
hence.
First, as to the boundary
problem: It is not merely a ques-
tion of which country-Jugosla-
via or Italy-shall have the city
of Trieste, whose original Slavic
name is Trst. It takes in almost
the whole of Istria, the penin-
sula which juts into the north
ern Adriatic, and the Slovenian
littoral region north of Trieste
between the prewar Jugoslav
boundary on the east and the
River Socha (Isonzo) on the
west. The current overall name
for these territories is the Juli-
an March (Venegia Guilia). The
other fairly large city in it, also
in dispute, is Gorica (Gorizia).
Fiumse No Problem
Across the top of the Istrian
Peninsula from Trieste is the
port city of F'iume, which till
week ago was better known in
the u. S. A. than Trieste, but
which APPARENTLY is no longer a
part of the Italo-Jugoslav prob
lem.
Of Trieste's quarter million
inhabitants, the majority are
Italians and Italianized Slavs.
These Trieste Italians constitute
the bulk of the Italian popula-
tion in the entire area. Gorilla,
too, has a considerable number
of Italians and Slavic italians"
as have a few of the lesser
towns along Istria's western
rim.
The rural sections are prepon-
derantly Slavic. The Istrians are
mostly Croatians. The peasant
people around Trieste and to the
north of it along the Socha are
entirely Slovenian.
Ethnically
Ethnically, in the territory as
a whole, both city and country,
the proportion before World
War II-by conservative Jugo-
slav estimates-was about $780,
900 Slavs as against some $780,
900 Italians and Italianized
'Slavs.
Trieste is the sharp point of
the dispute. The question is:
Does the city belong to the coun-
try around it, or vice versa?
The Italians have been pro-
ceeding on the assumption that
the country belongs to the city.
Between the two wars and
particularly during World War
III, the Jugoslavs developed the
opposite argument - that the
city is part of the country, that
it depends on the hinterland,
that this is especially true of
port like Trieste. The history of
Trieste bears them out. So far as
I am concerned, their argument
wins over the Italian one. i
How did the wide ethnic di-
vergence between city and coun-
try in the Julian March come
about?
Twelve hundred years ago
some Of the forebears Of the
present Jugoslavs, migrating
from Russia across the Balkans
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04

AOAAs pOAAcp0 LAG AO0NAA6 DAAk-
ish expert on the subject, came
out in favor Of Trieste with the
whole Istria and the Slovenian
Littoral east of the. Socha being
made part of the new Jugosla-
via. To do that, he wrote, would
be to redress the worst national
wrong of the peace settlement
Of 1910." .
But, more important than
that, Taylor went on, Trieste is
a sort Of test of "the character
of the Anglo-Soviet Alliance. If
it is thought that England and
Russia can remain allies only by
being strictly isolated one from
the other, then Europe must be
partitioned: Central and, East
ern Europe to Russia, the Med
iterranean to England. But if
it is admitted that England and
Russia can be drawn closer by
day-to-day practice Of co-opera-
ton, then Trieste can become
one of the concentration points
of their partnership. Here the
Slav world and the world of
Western democracy can overlap
and combine. In short, we can
be more confident of the future
of the Anglo-Soviet alliance
when we have learned to think
of Trieste as Trst."
Official British and America
continued secretly unfriendly to
the new Jugoslavia. According
to information from personal
sources in London, the anti-Tito
cliques in the War and Foreign
Offices, which are part of the
anti-Russian and generally anti
Slavic crowd, have been gaining
all through the early months of
1915. They were behind the New
Zealanders' forced march to try
to beat the Jugoslav army to
Trieste.
Last week they and the An
glo-American military on the
scene got the State Department
to join the Foreign Office in
sending Tito the sharp note de-
manding that his troops with
draw from Trieste and let the
Allied Military Government run
the city--as though Jugoslav
were not an ally.
On the day-May -14-that
the Anglo-American semi-ulti-
matum was delivered to Tito,
the London press, Conserva-
tive and Labor" according to a
cable I received from a friends,
Opened a barrage on Jugosla-
via on Trieste issue e. . .Laborite
Daily Herald in front-page arti-
Gle and fat type accuses Tito of
'Nazi methods in trying to
seize Trieste. London Times and
Daily Mirror and Daily Worker
are sole exception in today's
campaign.
A big and powerful element in
official and commercial Britain
is desperately intent on Destroy
ing the whole Tito development.
They know that if Jugoslavia
does not get Trieste and lstrla
and Gorilla, it will be a big mi
nus against Tito.
But my chief concern right
now is for what the u. S. A. will
do in this connection. Will we 60
along with Britain against Tito,
against the Slavs, against Rus
sia, against the whole vital up
surge Of the peoples in new Eu-
rope? Or will we try to under
stand what is behind the fierce
impulse of, say, the Jugoslavs,
who think Trieste is rightly
theirs? -
Will we pick on technicalities
like those arising out Of the
Trieste liberation by Jugoslavs
and on incidents" which may
or may not have occurred in the
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1945-06-04
Reaction

His statement evoked very lit
tie reaction in the ". 5. "A. It ]
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30

VAN DYKE-The protest 81
businessmen in this area regard
ing inadequate police protection
will be championed by Super
visor Earl Tallman at the next
meeting scheduled for Sept. II.
Tallman said he will ask the
county why it cannot match
Warren Townships own COLI
,ribution to law enforcement, an
l1-man police force costing the
township approximately $50, 900
year.
The supervisor said he will
point out that the Warren Town
ship area contained approxim-
ately $4,000 citizens in an area
of 36 square miles, and that the
county should, through its Sher-
ifs Department, provide more
officers for patrol work, especi-
ally in view of recent burglarics
Of business places.
Tallman said he Is arranging
for the appearance before the
supervisors of Charles Blazer,
Van Dyke fuel and auto service
dealer, whose premises were
burglarized of $7,400 in cash
and bonds two weeks ago. Blaz-
or's heavy safe was transported
from the building.
The Warren Township super
visor has repeatedly remined
the, Board of Supervisors that
the township is forced to spend
money which could be used for
township improvements, in or
der to maintain law and order.
He has also referred to the Fed
eral governments responsible
ties in the problems which giant
war plants in that area have
created. The two major war
plants, Westinghouse naval
ordnance and Chrysler tank
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30
East Detroit
Prefers to Be
CityofHomes

EAST DETROIT - Spurning
the tempting offers of heavy in
dustrial establishments to locate
their plants there, East Detroit
has set its course on a future as
residential city, attractive to
the worker seek ng restful,
homelike surrounding, it was re-
vealed this week by Edwin May,
chairman of the planning COM
mission which is now mapping
out the community's future.
In connection with their study
of zoning code, May said the
planning commission does not
seek to discourage small, mod
ern plants and businesses, which
would be located in business
areas.
However, he pointed out, 1t
is the mutual understanding of
the City Council and the Plan
ming Commission that heavy in
dustries - foundries. mills, etc.
- will be definitely discour-
aged.
In this connection, City Clerk
Stephen r. Henderson comment
ed:
Well send any heavy indus
tries over to Earl Tallman in
Warren Township" (Tallman,
supervisor of that township, has
greatly encouraged the estab-
lishment of large industries.)
Chairman May said the plan
ming commission, which meets
once each week, is seeking to
zone separate streets for one,
tWo-familY and apartment-bHild-
ing use. Various subdivisions of
the city, in which building has
been haphazard and un-control-
led, will be firmly restricted in
the future.
May stressed the many prob
lens faced by his five-man COM
mission in attempting to guide
the hitherto unregulated growth
of the twomile square city. He
said their final planning and
zoning report may not be COM
pleted for months.
Besides May, former banker
and now deputy treasurer, the
commission is composed Of Will
liam Carter, chairman. Nor
bert Bergum, secretary, and Max
Lehman and Paul Schulz, mem
bers.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30
Sewer Project
Gains Impetus
10 pss!oN
suo!@os!qO on

ST. CLAIR SHORES - Pro-
gress towards a major public i'm
provement in st. Clair Shores
S131 ,554 worth of lateral sewers
were made at Tuesday evening IS
special meeting of the Village
Commission, when no objections
were raised by property owners
to the proposed project.
Further impetus was given to
the sewer proposal when bids
were opened and were shown to
be we'll within the $751; 900 es-
innate as made by Village En-
gineer Claude Posteff. The job
may be completed in four
months.
Bids were opened by the COM
mission but not revealed. They
have been turned over to PoSteff
for examination and tabulation,
and will be awarded at the regu-
lar commission meeting next
week.
The sewer job, divided into
two major projects covering the
south and central portion of the
village, would be paid for by
special assessment bonds.
Project No. l would cost $751;
368.73. and No. 2 would entail
the expenditure of $40, 1868.
No. ! project calls for sewers
on Greater Mack from the
southerly part of Rosedale to
the southerly part of Maxine; on
Maxine to the Marter road; on
part of California to Greater
Mack; on part of -Gaukler- to
Greater Mack; on Alger to Har-
per; on Rosedale from Harper to
Greater Mack.
No. project provides sewers
on Ridgeway to jefferson ave-
nue.; on part of Grand Lake to
Greater Mack; on part of Pleas
ant to Greater Mack; on part of
Hanson Court; on part of Glen
Court to Greater Mack; on
Greater Mack at Colony to
Lakeview and Greater Mack; on
Nine Mile road from Greater
Mack to Pleasant, thence TO
Jefferson; on Clairwood to Elm
grove and on part of Colony
avenue.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30
State Coniktaies
Park Tavern License

UTICA - The tavern license
of Peter Stozenger, at Poiaski
Park, 9196 Auburn road, has
been revoked by the State Lii
quor Control Commission, ac-
cording TO c. A. Parrish of the
Licensing and Enforcement Di-
vision, effective Sept. 4.
Slozenger was found guilty of
possession of whiskey and fail
ure to cooperate with investi-
gators, at hearing held August
%.
Utica officers have been In
structed to confiscate this IL
cense and forward it to the Com
mission.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30
ToIImon Appeals for More
Deputy Sheriffs in Warren

plant are government-owned
and tax-free. although operated
for profit by private corpora
tons, Tallman points out. The
township tax rolls lose at least
$40, 900, 900 in taxable valuation
in this manner, Tallman main
tains.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30

A number Of desert sheep in
Nevada have been transplanted
TO Wyoming recently in an at
tempt to build up herds Of the
animals In the latter state.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30
Internal Revenue
Office Cuts Hours

DETROIT, Aug. 30-(R-Be-
ginning Saturday, Department
Of Internal Revenue offices in
Michigan will be closed all day
Saturday, Collector Giles KAY
anagh said today in announcing
a return to a 40-hour week for
employees. Offices affected in.
Guide the main office in Detroit
and division offices in Wayne
County, Grand Rapids, Flint,
Pontiac, Saginaw, Kalamazoo,
Jackson, Muskegon and Mar
quette.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30

Arrangements have been
made for approximately 10 ia
maicans to work in Wyoming
this season to make up for de-
ficit in agricultural labor re-
quirements.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1945-08-30

There is a movement in Tex
as to call the residents Texans
instead of Texans.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-08-03
Laval Gets jeers
From Petair1 jury
As Crowd Laughs
CCtntinued from Page II

N)tuAll4ibtNNA " ~ oIia AiEO -
his diplomatic activities III the years
leading up to jhe outbreak Of war.
He told how he and Sir Samuel
Holre had agreed to LIT Italy have
free hand with Ethiopia and now
at The same time, prior - the Ger
man-AuStrian AllschllSa. he and
MuS9olini made \ secret deal where
by italy would protect France in
event of Nazi u.orr sion against
Austria
Then. hc said. hc went N London
where he had private talk with
the Prince Of wales ur,ing him to
pet Britain to make \ deal with
Germany.
Edwards reaction. Laval indicat-
"a. was nonccmmittal but hp prom
iapd t0 tank to Ills father the late
George Y. However he warned Laval
that ms father doesn't NEEDLE in
politics"
Pctain. hand cuppcd over ear in
4 characteristic pose, listened at
tcntiveIv while Laval talked OF the
\ assembly meeting on July TO-
"Pctain II not Z political man"
Laval said. He il a mar hal Of
France. He never belonged TO any
political assembly He rcpOged III me
| at Bordeaux the plans for the as
scmbly."
I POWERS FROM PRESIDENT
He said Pctain cot his powers
from the president ALBERT Lcbrun -
and parliament
III never carried ont coun d-etat.
never intended doing anything Of
f, the sort he cried.
7 He said lc would not hove in art-
od the words French renublic" in
/ tie text of the new con titntion if
lie Ind intended q coup
"Pctain cntru TED me with getting
the new constitution passed" he
said. He never attended parliament
tary meetings..
\ A little hay. though scarce and
| high priced. will pay dividends if it
\ is fed to good cows on early spring
d
Imperial Valley press., 1945-08-03
NORTH Ddkotan Maps Plan
For Farm SeIf-Findncinq

WASHINGTON. Aug. 3. up
w r. Ronald. editor of Tile Mitch
ell IS. D. Daily Republic. has
submitted to the agriculture de-
partment." reorganization commit
tee a "Self-financing" Dc3cetim.
farm program which liz believes
would add .000000.GU0 ID S25. .-
0O0,000000 to the nations annual
income
Secretary Of Agriculture Clinton
P. Anderson this week invited Rom
aid to join the committee as con-
sultant The group il composed Of
well known agricultural experts.
headed by Milton Eisenhower. presi-
dent Of Kansas State cOIlege. and
has been charged with Streamlining
the department many agencies.
Ronald maintained That half Of the
department could be abolished ulti-
mately if basic policy charges We're
made along the lines of Ills pro-
gram.
OUTLINE OF PLAN
Ronald's plan calls toI Hill acreage
allotment gra NIL conservation
pelcetime payments, government
commodity loans At full parity ana
Imperial Valley press., 1945-08-03

The toll Of forest fires in the
United States is nearly three billion
board feet of lumber annually.