davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-25
Military Necessity
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

The conduct Of military operations
on and through the territory of an
allied state always produces a con-
siderable crop of irritating problems
and minor frictions. 1t was so in 1914
18, when British and later American
troops were operating in France, and
dependent for their supplies on the
use of French ports and railways. It
has been so on the western front in
this war, with the added difficulty that
the taking over Of authority by the
newly created French government and
by the Belgian and Dutch governments
in exile had to be accomplished while
active military operations were still in
progress, and had therefore to be &C
commodated to military necessities.
We should, therefore, be ready to
understand that the Russians operating
in and through Poland Romania, Bull
garia, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hun
gary and Austria have had similar diff
culties and been under similar necesSi-
ties arising from the military situation
of their armies. We should likewise
understand that Russian political ideas
being different from our own, the Rus
slams have found solutions for the politi-
cal part of these difficulties along diff
ferent lines than those which have
seemed suitable to the American and
British governments. For one thing,
they did not have to take into account
a critical press and sometimes super
sensitive public opinion.
In Poland, the Russians entered a
country which, for all its hatred OF
Germans and its record of gallant re-
sistance to them, for all the fact that
not one Quisling was ever found to
aid them. yet was Inhabited by popu-
lation which has no love for Russians
either-and has in the past had little
reason to love them. In Bulgaria the
Russians had to deal with people who
had been fighting Russia's allies though
not at war with Russia itself, and who
have a particularly unsavory record in
international dealings. Only in Bohe-
mia and Moravia and in some parts
of Yugoslavia could the Russian troops
and officials feel that they were really
on friendly territory and among q
friendly people.
It might, therefore, be good idea
to keep in mind these military diff
culties in considering what the Rus
slams have done in Eastern Europe.
Up to We day-which was only q
little over two weeks ago-the Russians
were engaged in . bitter struggle with
the German armies OF the east. The
Evening star., 1945-05-25
Letters to The Star
Says Americans Will Remember
De Valera's Unfriendliness

DS NdlCId ouIIlSuOilHSSS
To the Editor OF The Star:
The labored defense by Prime Min
lister de Valera Of his policy Of neu-
trality for Fire does not ring TRUE in
American ears. His arguments sound
specious when we remember his attack
on the United States for sending our
armed forces to Northern Ireland, not
a part of Fire, in critical period OF
the war; when we recall other evil
dences of unfriendliness, such as the
refusal of his government to offer the
wholehearted assurances to the United
States given by other neutrals that Nazi
war criminals would not be. harbored;
his visit to the German Legation in
Dublin to express condolences for the
death of Hitler at time when the Ns Il
government was gasping its last breath
under the crushing might of the United
States and its Allies, and his censorship
which prevented publication Of an
article acclaiming the generalship Of
Gen. Patton, but permitted publication
of an article praising the achievements
of the Nazi Marshal Rommel. And last,
but not least, we have stamped on our
memory the outrageous breaking Of
windows in the American Legation at
Dublin on We Day by Mr.. de Valera's
followers who didn't like the idea Of
the Nazis losing the war. Mr.. de Valera
will be we'll advised to remember that
Americans win not soon forget these
things
1t is heartening to know that despite
the actions Of Mr. de Valera and his
government there were gallant young
men of Fire who fought valiantly in the
armed forces of the United Nations in
defense of those human liberties against
whose proponents the neutrality of Fire
was slanted. M r. WILKES.
Evening star., 1945-05-25

Germans were surrendering to the
western Allies, army by army, wherever
they could: but they were not sur
rendering to the Russians. they kept
up their resistance in the east to the
bitter end. The Russian armies were
supplied by long land-borne lines Of
supply stretching across all the lands
intervening between Russia and Ger
many-notably through Poland. These
lines were partly rail lines. and partly
they were just the rather poor roads
of the region, few of them surfaced
with anything but dirt.
While the western Allies, toward the
end Of the fighting, had good ports,
rapidly improving railway system and
an excellent network of hard-surfaced
roads, the Russians had to get along
under far greater handicaps. These
handicaps could be overcome only by
greatly increased manpower along the
lines of supply. Hard manual labor
had to take the place Of machine labor
at depots, transfer and reflnng points
and regulating stations, and in the
constant repair and improvement of
the roads.
A strict control of the whole area
including its civilian police and econ
omy. becomes much more essential un-
der these conditions than when modern
methods Of transport are available Our
own experience in North Africa is a
case in point. But in no case can an
army commander afford to have dis
order and uncertain political condi-
tions in an area through which his
line Of communications passes.
= II r.
The judgments that some American
observers have been so ready to pass
on Russian proceedings in Eastern Eu-
rope are, considered by these stand
ards, decidedly premature. It is only
now, when the war in Europe is over,
when the pressure of military neces-
sity has been largely removed, that we
may begin to examine Russian policy
In Eastern Europe more critically, and
may begin to draw purely political in
ferences from Russian acts or omis-
sions.
The Russian practice Of making uni
lateral decisions has always been de-
plorable, from our point of view, but
1t has had its excuse in military neces-
sity, and both we and the British have
done the same thing under the same
spur. Now, however, military necessity
no longer exists in Europe. We may
hope-and this writer believes there is
good reason to hope-that there will
be q greater tendency all around to
arrive at concerted and agreed de.
cisionS after due consultation.
(Copyrisht, l0zB9
Evening star., 1945-05-25

tro-Huneary, and spent years of his
life training in Moscow as most Wig
orous Russian agent for Central Europe
1t is surely not without Importance that
he has built up as the strongest those
parts Of Yugoslavia formerly embraced
by Austro- Hungary, putting aside Ser
bia and even treating with extraordi-
nary tolerance the former Hungarian
Ustachi
Also unconfrmed reports disclosed at
the Austrian capital, Vienna, say the
Russians brought in food with no ra-
tioning. Their occupation is aimed to
win over the population. The Renner
government is coalition, though Com
munists significantly hold the port
folios of education and interior thus con-
trolling propaganda and the police, while
a Hungarian emigre from the north
Of Hungary of undetermined politics
holds the ministry Of defense.
If an enlarged version of the Austro-
Hungarian Empire is created under So
Wet dictation and allied with Eastern
Germany, Berlin Soviets will make a
political coup which will resound
through the continent offset by literally
no constructive European program of
the western Allies who, from the At
lantic Charter onward, have preserved
the outworn principle of restoration of
sovereign autonomous states, advancing
no European concept, either political or
economic. and offering no strong sup
port to those European parties which
advocate European federation.
In Italy there are three parties
Action, Liberal and Socialist. All three
advocate federal union in Europe,
which has followers also in France
Austria and Germany and which alone
would permit the creating of several
German states from the Reich without
Balkanizing and disintegrating Europe
But they have had no vigorous support
from us, whereas the Soviets with clear
European plan imposed by combination
of intelligence and force have the ex-
elusive support of personalities favoring
an immense and seemingly Moscow
financed PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN.
Evening star., 1945-05-25

agreement provided for an expansion"
Of the Lublin Committee. It would have
been very easy for the Soviet govern
ment to include one or two names"
such as former Premier Mikolajczyk,
who was we'll regarded by the Kremlin,
and thus find at least temporary solu-
ton to the Polish problem.
Some American diplomats, who at one
time were hopeful that this solution
would be adopted by the Russian gov
ernment on the eve of the San Francisco
Conference, based their hopes on the
somewhat cynical diplomatic experience
that an individual need not remain in
Office longer than 1t is desired. Yet the
U. S. S. r. government preferred to re-
main adamant and create crisis which
otherwise would never have hit the pub
lie eye.
Because of the uneasiness created in
this country and In Great Britain over
the disregard OF formal agreements,
the American and British governments
called" Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia
when he also attempted to take a uni
lateral action in regard to Trieste,
Venezia Giulia and Carinthia.
The strong measures adopted by the
American and British governments
stopped Tito. He is said to have been
advised by Moscow to change his atti-
tude toward the Allies who supported
him and provided his troops with arms
and ammunition.
The entire picture of postwar collab-
Grafton among the major Allies is caus-
ing the greatest concern. President
Truman and Prime Minister Churchill
are fully aware of the dangers ahead
and both agreed to have another meet
ing with Premier Stain to discuss, and
if possible settle, the various matters
which are causing the rift.
Mr.. Hopkins knows Premier Stain
well. Besides having attended the Te-
heran and Yalta Conferences he has
accomplished two personal missions in
Moscow. 1t is true that on both these
errands he went to discuss the amount
of supplies the Red armies and the Rus
sian people required from lease-lend
funds. Nevertheless, he is considered by
the administration as the best man to
explore" the mind of the Soviet leader
His exploratory trip will determine
whether a meeting of the Big Three,
after the elections in Great Britain, will
be likely to yield positive results, and
the future parley will depend largely on
his reports to President Truman.
Evening star., 1945-05-25
HimmIer and Evil

Evil wears many diSguiSes. In
Heinrich Himmler it had the face of
a mild d-mannered man, the face OF
a husband and father who in the
bosom of his own family was known,
affectionately, as "Bube." 1t wore
glasses. 1t had a little mustache. AS
far as the flesh went, it looked like
Just another human being. with
nothing much to distinguish it from
the mass.
Yet how black was the hidden
heart and mind, and how twisted the
soul! 1t was called "Bube" at home,
and perhaps there were a few who
loved it. but in it's role as chief of
the Gestapo and fuehrer Of the SIS,
this was the devil incarnate. One
must be mystical about some things.
One must be mystical about them
because they cannot be explained
adequately in ordinary physical
terms.
The dark Himmler phenomenon,
like the phenomenon of Hitler and
the whole Nazi movement. lends it.
self to Interpretation in the language
of demonology quite as much as in
the language of psychiatry or medi-
cine or statecraft gone mad. This
creature used whip and truncheon,
gun and knife, gallows and chopping
block, to regiment, torment and de-
stroy literally millions of people in
its own land and abroad in Europe
Why did it do what it did? Why the
insensate and obscene atrocities?
Why the organized sadism? Why the
reveling in blood. and more blood,
and more blood still?
The sinister thing sometimes af-
fectionately known as "Bube" was
as deadly and violent as the potas-
sium cyanide with which it has just
killed itself. But what made it that
way, why it was such a bottomless
source of crime. is a question that
must battle the earth-bound. Possibly
we should not bother to look for the
answer in sophisticated books on
psychoanalysis or on morals and the
endocrine glands. Possibly the ex-
PLANTATION is nearer to hand in the
numerous ancient and simple leg
ends about the antichrist or about
Satan-the Prince of Darkness-tak-
ing human form and moving for
ever, tirelessly. through the cities Of
Evening star., 1945-05-25
Discomfort in japan

signs OF popular war WEAKNESS
are beginning to appear in Japan.
That is officially admitted by recent
Tokyo broadcastS as we'll as implied
by current defense measures of an
almost desperate character.
Early this week. Naisuki Nakano,
who holds the Office of procurator
general, post roughly correspond
ing to our Attorney General, made
statement surprising in its frank
ness. He admitted "the growth of
peace agitation in portion of the
populace" because of the war situa-
ton. This admission was made be-
fore special meeting of the highest
law enforcement officers of the en-
pire. Advising his subordinates to
order arrests for ANY speech that
might cause disorder in the national
unity the procurator general went
on: THE first thing to be stressed
in regard to theological violations is
the control of speech and action
agitating peace. 1t will be impossible
to repulse the enemy outside Japan
if there is not perfect unity within
Japan" And it should be noted that
this revealing address conceded with
a series of broadcasts for home con-
sumption warning the populace to
turn in without reading all PAM
phlets dropped by American planes.
All this is certainly a change of
tune from previous official boasts
concerning the unshakable loyalty
and fanatical unity of the Japanese
people for war lasting, If need be,
100 years until the annihilation of
Japan's enemies. Equally remarkable
are some of the recipes for strength
ening the national will proposed in
official and nonofficial quarters. For
instance, a leading newspaper, the
Tokyo Shimbun, points to "the pow
erful leadership of Stain, based on
Sovietism," which completely re-
generated Russia" and enabled the
Soviet Union to overcome "a danger
OF defeat far greater" than that now
facing Nippon; from which the pa
per concludes that. from this COM
bination. Japan could draw the Gin
Spiration and ingenuity" needed to
defeat the "Anglo-American capital
ist aggression"
This is. indeed, amazing, when it
is remembered that anything savor-
ing of approval for Communism has
been officially anathema in Japan.
Even if the editorial in question can
be set down as an attempt to curry
favor with Moscow, it implants what
is traditionally known as a highly
dangerous thought" in the minds of
its readers. Yet the Tokyo radio
broadcasts it as something especially
worthy of note
Perhaps such innovations indicate
sweeping changes in the spirit and
methods of the propaganda depart
ment. which is now undergoing a
drastic shaking up that will probably
be completed by the beginning of
June. That is the date fixed for the
full Regeneration" of the so-called
cultural phases" of domestic propa-
ganda. ordered last month by the
cabinet "for the purpose of launch
ing new enlightenment program
in military, diplomatic and political
lines"
Evening star., 1945-05-25
East Indies BibIioqrophy

There was a time, perhaps, when
the people of the United States
could afford to be Indifferent about
the people of so remote an archi-
pelago as the Netherlands East
Indies, roughly eight thousand miles
away. But the accidents of war
have brought America into a new
and relatively close relation with the
Dutch colonies adjacent to the
Philippines in way which is apt
to become more intimate in the
months and the years Immediately
ahead.
A photography of books and
periodical articles on the Neither
lands East Indies published since
1880, therefore, was certain to be
of interest to many citizens of the
United States, including statesmen,
economists, military and naval per-
sonnel, journalists and others. The
Library of Congress, anticipating
the need, has brought out what
seems to be exactly the sort of COM
pendium likely to be wanted. Filling
two hundred and eight two-column
pages, the list is divided into eight
cen classifications with such sub
heads as geology, oceanography
and meteorology," "anthropology,"
human geography" history and
archaeology" social conditions"
Language and literature" "arts,"'
Science and technology" "educa-
tion," government and administra-
ton" and claw" There are thirty
three different sections devoted to
as many different islands beginning
with Alor and ending with Timor
and a comprehensive division on
World War II and Reconstruction.
The whole enterprise represents a
variety of cooperation between the
Library and private institutions and
patrons which properly is becoming
more and more common. A grant
from the Coolidge Foundation, "a
trust for the benefaction of man
kind" with headquarters at Los
Angeles, made possible the develop
ment of a unit" for assignment to
the task. The research staff was
composed of Bertus H. Wabeke. Mrs.
Emily s. Wabeke, Mrs. Annette
Evening star., 1945-05-25
A Great Historian
From the St. Louis Star-Times.

From the st. Louis Star-Times.
With the death of Carl L. Becker Of
Cornell, the United States loses one of
its most distinguished historians. He
was scholar who wrote with warmth
and vision-a man who made the past
serve the present and even the future.
Deeply familiar with the founding IA
theirs, he believed that their faith in
freedom was ever our best guide.
Evening star., 1945-05-25
the world in an unending struggle

the world in an unending struggle
with the forces of light.
In Himmler. in any case, in this
temple Of flesh now pulled down by
its own hand, there seemed to dwell
not man but fiend. It's name will
be a curse for generations, but be-
yond that it should be a grim and
constant reminder to mankind that
evil is not appeasable and that 1t can
60 terribly far-just as the Naziism
did-if its disguises are discovered
late and the eternal war against it
SlackenS.
Evening star., 1945-05-25
Might Use 1t
Prom the Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital. :.
Over in Germany a Yank division
captured 10 carloads of red tape.
It seems the stun was intended to be
used for making arm bands for men,
bers Of the Nazi party. Now, Of course.
1t will not serve that purpose. And
what will the Yanks do with all that
red taper
Any bids from Washington7
Evening star., 1945-05-25

1t often is said that man is nat
urally selfish" yet anybody who
reads intelligently the story of this
double war must realize that man
also naturally is altruistic, brave and
valiant.
Evening star., 1945-05-25

Granted that it takes all kinds of
people to make world" it does seem
that very few of some varieties is
an awful lot too many. Persons
with all the answers, for instance.
Evening star., 1945-05-25
No 'Legal Revolution Provided

No Legal Revolution Provided
To the Editor Of The STAR
A bill has been introduced in Con-
gress which would imprison any one for
advocating any change in our form OF
government by any except lawful means.
Don't our representatives understand
that there never was a government
which provided any legal method for its
own abolishment?
All fundamental change, since the
beginning of history, has come in defi-
ance of the established law OF the
upholders of the status quo.
When things get bad enough, we are
going to have changes, law or no law.
HENRY BURNSON.
Evening star., 1945-05-25
Explains Austrian Groups

To the Editor Of The Star:
In The Star for May 16 read again
in an editorial entitled And Now
Austria" that there is mo representa-
ton of the moderate or conservative
parties, notably the Catholics" in the
provisional Austrian government.
Please let me refer to my letter to
the editor. published in The Star of
May S, in which the character OF the
Christian Social party as a-and the
only-Catholic and conservative party
in Austria was explained. Since this
party is represented in the cabinet
through three prominent members-Dr.
Eduard Heinl Industry trade and
transport), Rudolph Buchinger (agrl-
culture) and Leopold Kumschals (min-
lister without portfolio), the provisional
government actually represents coali-
ton of Social Democrat, Communist
and Catholic christian SociaD groups.
MAX LEDERER,
Formerly Ministerial Councillor in the
Austrian Ministry Of Education.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-13
DUKESTERS BEAT
STATE Nine, 1915

DURHAM, May II. - up
Dukes league-leading Blue Devils
Today pounded out 16 hits to beat
N. c. States unpredictable Red
rerrors, 1915, in a game which
saw three home runs, three triples,
and the score tied twice. State
got II hits off two Duke hurlers.
This was the third time this sea-
son the Coombsnen have defeat
ed State, in four-game SERIES
Lefty Lee Griffith relieved in the
seventh by Freshman Al De Roga-
It's counted two hits for three
times up, scored four runs and
batted in another.
At no time did State take the
lead, although they threatened sew
eral times. In the fifth stanza the
Terrors coueced four hits to push
larss three tallies, tying the score
IL 6-6. The score was also tied in
the third.
The best day of hitting was hao
by States AL Perry who clouted
a triple, a double and two singles
to give him four hits for six times
up. The leagues leading hitter,
Nm Wilson, was held for only
DIE hit but that was homer into
the centerfield hedge.
Paul Gibson started for State,
Uas replaced by Bill Riggan in the
bottom half of the fifth. Riggan was
replaced by Wilson, playing IN
center, in the same inning.
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-05-13
Russians Capture
100000 Germans

Continued from Page One)
ged quantities of equipment and
supplies.
Moscow's nightly war bulletin
gave no fresh news of fighting ad-
vances; but reported that the Ger
man surrender in the Baltic pock-
cts east and northeast of Danzig
and Gdynia and on the Danish is
land of Bornho1m, off Sweden's
southeastern tip, had been complet.
ed. A total of 6O,846 captiyes in
Guiding IL generals were checked
into cages.
On the court land peninsula Of
Latvia, other Russian forces were
continuing the roundup of the rem
nants Of 80 trapped Nan divisions
and the bag exceeded 145. 900 men
including % generals, Moscow safe
The violators Of Cermany's I'M
conditional surrender were being
slashed numerically into small;
pockets by vengeful Red Army for
ces forced to fight on four DAYS
after the fall Of Hitler's third Reich
The liberation Of all Czechoslo-
vaka-one Of the first victims Of
Hitler's shattered plans for world
conquest and the last European
country to be scared by war-was
imminent