davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-03-11
Middle East Trade Holds
Great Possibilities for U.S..
Aggressive Policy Declared Needed, However, if
Various Barriers Are to Be Broken to Permit
Free Flow of Needed Goods
By James NJ. Lands

the dollar earnings of these countries by
buying more from them, for an increase
in American imports will not, as it
should, increase proportionately the ca
pacity of a sterling area country to i'm
port American goods.
The Breton Woods proposal for an
international monetary fund is intend
ed to deal with this problem. 1t offers
hopeful beginning that can be followed
through from our standpoint with a
trade policy that bases itself upon the
reality that if we would sell We must
buy. But that proposal does not touch
the problem of the existing sterling
credits and how these credits can be
made available for the purchase of
American goods. To date they are still
frozen so far as nonsterling countries
are concerned.
Other barriers to Middle Eastern trade
are minor as compared with this one.
AS yet shipping shortages govern the
volume of potential tonnage available for
exports, but with peace, tonnage in large
volume will be available.
Import Licensing Inefficient.
Complicated import licensing schemes,
handled by inefficient bureaucracies pre-
sently characterize the area. They were
devised to get some equitable distribu-
ton of goods limited by the wartime
scarcities of shipping and supply. With
these scarcities gone, these barriers
would fall We're it not that they will
tend to be employed as devices to limit
the use of dollars.
Thus, apart from monetary controls,
there is nothing that holds American
trade from potentially significant
Middle Eastern market. But an aggres-
sive American economic policy must
evolve If We would seize opportunities
that lie on our doorstep Such policy
still requires development and better
spirit of cooperation between business
ests of other Nations have the continu-
ing and active support of their govern
ments.
We have much to learn in this field
but We should be beginning to learn it
now without either false modesty or
fears as to the ultimate worldwide
dealing of this Nation. Exports are al
most as necessary for our well-being as
that of England. To increase them spells
not only our prosperity but that of
necessitous and otherwise politically ex-
plosive parts of the world.
Evening star., 1945-03-11
War Review
Rhine Crossing Speeds
German Defeat
By Howard p. Bailey

Taking advantage of a fortunate
break, troops of the American 1st Army
last week swarmed over the railroad
bridge across the Rhine at Remagen and
gained a quickly expanded foothold on
the eastern shore of the river, paving
the way for general invasion of a part
OF Germany never invaded by a foreign
foe since the days of Napoleon. The
many signs of German collapse were in
creased throughout q week of exciting
developments, the highlights of which
were:
Sunday-United States 1st Army
pushes to within 2 miles of Cologne.
Nazis report 9th attempts crossings at
Dusseldorf but fails: not confirmed by
American sources. Reds make 62-mile
preakthrough in Pomerania reaching
Baltic near Kalberg. Nazis divided into
three pockets. Japanese counterattacks
slow Marines on Two Jina. Guerillas
clean Japs out Of another pocket on
Luzon. Toxic reports TOO United States
planes in China ready to support inva-
sion Of Chinese coast.
Monday: United States tanks and in
fantry enter Cologne climaxing 11-day,
2l-mile drive from Roer River. Ameri-
man 9th closes in on Homberg, Duis-
berg suburb, as Nazis blast two bridges.
Canadians hold 50 miles on Rhine west
bank, 9th Army holding Is miles.
Silence marks Sd Army's activities, but
7th reported fighting into Siegfried Line
just outside Saarbruecken. Reds start
Smelling Stettin suburbs. Drive against
Oder River bastion begun from east and
northwest. Yanks gain slightly on Two.
Superforts make unopposed raid on
Tokyo. Big -Four invite 80 other nations
to San Francisco parley, April IS.
Tuesday: Yanks occupy third OF
Cologne, Germany's fourth largest city.
Patton's Sd breaches German Kyll River
line and starts for Coblentz, a miles
(9oa REVIEW. para CAY
Evening star., 1945-03-11

products; his giant Longview (Wash)
plant produces vast quantities of alu-
minum ingots; nine plants at Louis
vile, KY, make fabricated products;
factories at Harrison. N. j.; st. Louis,
Mo. Glendale, N Y, and San Fran
cisco turn out aluminium foil, as do
four factories In Richmond. At Spring.
field, Mass, he has an aluminium
foundry.
Through August Of last year, accord
ing to War Production Board figures,
Reynolds Metal Co. had received war
contracts totaling $62, zoo, 900, while its
seven subsidiaries had been assigned
jobs worth s63.70o,o0o.
Mr. Reynolds, whose colleagues credit
him with working Is hours day. rises
before dawn and writes poetry before
tackling the days work. He is one
of the few big industrialists who has
been an outspoken supporter of Presi-
dent Roosevelt and the New Deal.
Ranking behind the Kaiser Higgins
Reynolds group in volume of war work
but notable for outstanding production
records and revolutionary management
techniaues has been the Cleveland firm
of Jack and Heintz Mr.. Jack, formerly
a prize fighter, and Mr.. Heintz, CAD
geteer with a marked mechanical genius,
started on shoestring in the world OF
big business, but in 1912 were working
on contracts totaling s58,000,00O.
Their main products are electric
starters and retractors for airplanes, au-
tomato pilots, gyroscopic instruments,
cylinder heads and crank gears. They
have plants at Maple Heights, Bedford
and Cleveland. Ohio.
Messrs. Jack and Heintz entered the
big business world with the velocity Of
a cyclone and, to conservative indus
trialists, some of their practices sug-
gested carnival moving into q cathe-
dral. But workers, scurrying to join
their ranks, viewed them as q couple
of Santa Clauses.
Shop craftsmen worked to the music
of orchestra. Lunch was on the house
Free hamburgers and coffee were pro-
vided at all hours to any one ordering
them The workers were called "asso-
ciates" by their employers and treated
as such.
True, they worked long hours-some
II hours day and seven days week
but their wages averaged 5000 in
1943. In addition, Jack and Heintz cut
a Christmas bonus mellon of $4,000, 900
in War Bonds at the end of 1914 and
S3,962O25 in 1943. The firm leased an
island in the Gulf of Mexico as q va
cation spot for their associate
The firms largesse excited congress
sional attention in 1912. 1t was brought
out that Mr.. Jacks secretary had en-
joyed an income of $39 1856 in ls41 and
$18,295 for the first 10 weeks of 1912,
and that Mr.. Jacks own salary had been
raised from $25,O00 in 1910 to $145,845
with bonuses) in 1941. Sharp cuts in
executive salaries followed.
Last year the firm became involved
in a sharp controversy with the Treas
ury over its demand for return of ST.
100000 in profits. The firm plans an
ambitious postwar program if, as Mr..
Jack says, it is allowed to accumulate
reasonable reserves
Evening star., 1945-03-11

Another performer of production
marvels has been r. S. Reynolds of the
Reynolds Metals Co.
Mr.. Reynolds, whose home is In Rich
mond. Va, was, like Mr.. Kaiser, po-
tent force IN Amar1can industry long
Evening star., 1945-03-11
Unity Urged
Central American Lead.
ers Revive Discussion
Bv Cesar Ortiz

y
SAN JOSE, Costa Rica-Many lead
ing Central Americans feel that federal
unity must be the ultimate answer to
the problems which beset their coun-
tries, but chances for achieving 1t seem
as remote as when it first was tried
more than 100 years ago..
From interviews with representative
personages to discussing with "the man
in the street" over period of months, I
find considerable agreement that politi-
cal unity of the five tiny republics would
be fine thing after the war, but there
are few who profess to see concrete ways
and means.
Speaking to the man of the street"
you find these beliefs expressed:
Unity is an ideal, but impractical It
was tried in Francisco Morazans Gen.
trail American Federation, 1S35l84o. but
failed because it was 'top-to- bottom"
process-leaders, governments and po-
liticai parties undertook 1t instead of the
peoples themselves.
Militarism Bars Action.
OIllly lS lilpOSSlOlc UtCduSt IIliuIdIlSiu
is in control of most of the countries.
Unity is necessary because present
nditions-revolutions and counterrev-
olutions-are backfiring on the United
States. The losing side always blames
the state department. Only a united
Central America can assure normal and
healthy relations with the United States
1t is an economic need because the
United States, and any other country,
would prefer one responsible client or
debtor to five irresponsible ones.
Unity is nevitable-expanding air,
sea and land routes will create it
whether Central Americans want it or
not.
1t is an indispensable part of inter-
American solidarity; or it is undesirable
because the nations have their own his
tory, traditions, economic problems and
political institutions.
But there are these big problems
what form of government are the united
republics to have, who is to govern
and where is the capital to be?
COnnlctlng NatlOnal interests.
Costa Ricans, for example, feel that
liberalization would simply bring the
troubles of the other nations to peaceful
and orderly Costa Rica. Salvadoreans
look down on Costa Ricans because they
haven't suffered enough" and don't
know what "a real revolution is like"
Nicaraguans want unity if the President
can be a Nicaraguan. Guatemalans
would accept if Guatemala City were
the capital. Hondurans accept unity
without reservations, and feel they
represent the true 'unifying spirit"
Representative groups from all five
republics were approached for their
opinions ALI answered except three
groups-opposers of the present Costa
Rican government, representatives of
the Salvadorean regime and followers of
former Guatemalan President Ubico.
Here is what some of them think:
Minister of Education Herman Zamora
Elizondo of Costa Rica said unity was
very possible, indicating that expanding
INSTRUMENTATION would bring about
greater personal, cultural and economic
solidarity
zamora favors federation rather
than a single republic. He suggests
elimination of tariff duties, national
borders and the coordination Of educa-
tional and economic systems as initial
steps.
The Honduran Minister In Costa
Continued on Page C-s, Col. g.
Evening star., 1945-03-11
Nazis Quit Moravia

The Czechoslovak Press Bureau reports,
on February 10, on the most reliable
sources, that the German civil popula-
ton has been evacuated from Brno,
Moravska Ostrava and Prerov. From
December 10 to January % schools in the
"Protectorate" were closed. From this
day the Czech children come once 9
week to get their lessons for homework
because Of lack OF coal. Thousands Of
refugees from East Germany are pass
ing through Prague.
Evening star., 1945-03-11

before the war. His
80 plants scattered
over 18 cities already
made metal foil,
t h erm os tats and
other metal gadgets.
But he belongs in
the list of new war
industrialists because
Of the contribution
he had made to ma
tional def e Sc
through the big
scale production of
aluminium for air.
planes and because
he had made his
COMPANY q big-time
competitor with a
firm which since 1886
had virtually pre-
empted the indus
try the Aluminium
Co. of America.
Using, primarily.
Bonneville and iva
electric power, Mr..
Reynolds, with a
loan of $40, ,000, 900
from the Recon-
struction Fin a ce
Corp. and commit
ment OF $4,000, 900
from the Defense
Plant Corp, erected
q chain Of plants to
produce everything
from ore to finished
aluminium products.
His Lister Hill
(Ala.) plant turns
out alumina, alumni
Evening star., 1945-03-11

The end of the war
will see a new set of
frst-magnitude stars
in the permanent,
peacetime American
industrial firma-
ment.
Just as the First
World War produced
new industrial giants
and greatly strength
ened oldsters, such
as United S t a t e S
S t e e /, Bethlehem
Steel and New York
S h i p b u lding, the
present conflict has
developed companies
which will make a
large part of the
ships, planes, elec-
trical gadgets and
housing of the post
war era. They will
enter these fields
with new and star
ting techniques of
mass produ ction.
Their exper ence
should result in
lower costs and q
broader distribution
of goods and serv-
ices to the American
people.
There Is, however,
one marked differ
ence between those
who have ridden the
crest of the produc-
ton wave in this war
and the last. Treas
ury officials doubt
Evening star., 1945-03-11

(James NJ. Lands. dean OF the HARVARD
Lap School returned recently from the
Middle East, iDhere for more than year,
he directed an economic mission for the
State Department; Here n % an ,artie.e
scribes American trade opportunities and
problems in that dred.)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
JewelrY

A T q recent fashion show,
~ sponsored by a New
York jewclry designer, only
a few clips and pins were
shown fastened on the left
lapel in the style so many
girls prefer. Instead these
jeweled pieces were worn
high at the throat of high
ueCked dresses, on tailored
belts, or on peplums. They
also were used as decoration
for wrapped turb5as, and in
evening coiffures. The re-
turn Of regal necklaces was
emphasized as a fashion
just coming in. So get out
beads and antique necklaces
and dress up your late win
ter costumes.
The collection of jewelry
at the New York show in.
Guided pieces in the forms
Of flowers, leaves and birds,
and oriental and medieval
motifs. Unusual ingenuity
went into the making of al
most every large necklace,
bracelet or pin so that it
came apart into segmentS
and could be worn not only
as a necklace. but as small
pins and other pieces for
various uses.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
Style News

TO the lovely brilliant col
orS we have been seeing
this winter - stratosphere
blue, limelight, fuchsia -
will be added new and softer
colorS this spring. These
are, in the better clothes,
pebble and sand S h a d e
ranging from white TO deep
beige. and pale blues, pinkS
and orchid tones.
Skirts in these same high.
quality dresses i'm the first
spring displays show a ten
dency TO flare. and pleatS
are in evidence again in
skirts.
Sleeves on spring coats
are balloOned or bloused,
either ID the elbow or 10 the
wrist. Others are raglan or
dolman in cut, giving a
graceful long shoulder eff
feet 10 the coat.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
To Mend Sheets

Lac you discovered the
n i1nr.c n -nGers on sale
az the notion counters and
in the five-3n3-teu S'0ves2
They are simple strips Of
cloth watch iron right on
over 0 tear white ones Of
Shee.j-g for m . nding
sheets and pillow cases and
there are similar strips in
back. gray, and a few col.
ors for mending other
fabrics. They have been i'm
use long enough - have
been tried successfully b.
many homem5kers Keep
them in the m @ ding
basket, too, to iron onto
thin place in household
linen or in clothes before
1t wears through.
And there seems to b.
more thread in the market.
Refill the mending basket
now with needed colorS for
spring sewing and mending
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
Two-color Goats

IA ANY coats in the early
IVA shows were two ColorS,
such as navy with fuchsia
trimming on sleeves and col
lar or contrasting in a
bright rod front and black
back. Both coats and suits
showed removable CapeS,
short ones, long ones. Also
a new capped shoulder style.
diagonal 'front.' closings and
enormous Puritan fashion
cuffs of pique or linen.
Alpaca coats and suits
were prevalent in one show
ing; embroidered wool suits
and embroidery trimmed
dresses seem 10 be univers-
atty popular.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
NAZI.JAP ERASER

For free labels in patriotic col
Ors to paste on fat-sayiRg con
tAiners send y stamped, addressed
envelope to the Household Alma
nae. The American Weekly. 23j
r. 18th st, New York Il, y. Y
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-01-14
PHILLIPS'-on Ideal Antocid Laxative
recommended by so many doctors

So Gentle for Children SO Thorough for Grown
Doctors and mothers both rely the scientific Dependant
Phillips Milk of Magnesia Whenever overindugencc thr
gas distress heartburn restless nights LEI Phillips work
ways bring you completely effective relief:
l. Is acid stomach ataiiler. Philip, MIL of fagne,a
of the fastest efecti'e known
, Is LAXATIVE, Phillips mild be taken any
thought Of ebauassg urgency Caution Use only directed
Keep the familiar blue bottle of genuine Phillips Mix Of Ma
handy. For economy buy the big SOS bottle which contains
time, much the Easyto-cay Phillip tablets
z5e b6x-les than penny tablet Always ask your drugg
genuine Phillips Milk of Magnesa just milk ofmagnesia
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-28

\lNIE- NEWS
lbs, Lue'uese rjeus BY Billy Brvot
Col. D. H. Peck bid sad farewell to
the men on duty ct The shons, Saturday.
extending his best vi she's to all per-
sonnel.
The Roberts Jone's and son visited
wi tn the J.B. McClure's over the Chri s.
tnas holidays et Vest Apache Flats.
"Tom SC ferries" were The order Of the
day.
1rs. E. l.. Crull end son, Larry, were
homo FOR the Chri tmn holidays from
Tucson.
Walter K>n.2-le has gone 20 San Froncis-
co to vi ST t rcla ii vos, and Will be back
tlte 18th OF January. He promi sed to paint
tho big city RED
Sterographcr Jeeu Srai til, in the search
FOR mtntol enli ghtment, has resigned
from Post Engineers to en- ter the U.of A.
tllo 29th Of january.
Boyce Allen, sailor son Of R, C.. Al
len, head eloctri cisn, narriod Rosomar-
ie Fouts OF Tombs tone over the Weel<-end
in Bisbec. We extend Sill our best wis sh-
suld condolences.
Robert r, Nhi tc ( fami ly wsi ted his
folks in Phoenix, Chri tnas Day.
Fritz Gallagher, woll-knoH1l bund lea-
der, ara family, spent Chri tras Day In
Bisbcc wi tn mis- lotives.
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-28
CIVILIAN PERSONNEL NEWS
CI2DMQMcE DRau1A Ay MIAawz

Due to q change in officers, VIC now
have Captain j. v. Holland es Ordnance
Property Offi Ger. Captain George Ian Ger
now being ASST stant Ordnance Officer.
MISS Helen Arbuchle spent the holiday
visi ting her grandfa ther ct Elgin.
Fri dey afternoon the office force ex-
changed Chri stmas ri fits and en- joyed re-
freshmonts Of fruit cake, COFFEE ond
candy.
Mr.. &c Mrs. j. O.. Hodges and family OF
Cochise, spent the holidays visi ting
Mrs. Hodges parent is, i-r. Il Mrs. 2. IL.
Fennell.
Mr. 1: Mrs. ". L. Moore spent Chri Sc
in Bisbec.
Mr.. &c Mrs. N. N. Allonder, Sr., Of
Omaha, Nebr. spent Chri tmas Vi tn th~ir
son and sanily.
Evening star., 1945-03-25

u. S. and Canada ;. hats for men and women
P. S. Remember, loose talk still costs lives keep
it under your Stetson.
Evening star., 1945-03-25
Men on the way Up choose the Stetsoo "ShatoIiner"

TlHE returning businessman, above, has his
j feet on the ground in more ways than one.
His entire outfit is right for the occasion.
The light tan, double breasted ssbsFdine sait
with red-and- black figured tie set against soft
cream shirt, lends brisk -and-easy look that
spells youth at any age.
This modern. youthful look is accented by the
Stetson "Stratoliner." Streamlined as the famous
Evening star., 1945-03-25
+. ...Both"'

planes it's named after and light as the clouds
they fly over.
Put yourself in this outfit and you're right
and ready for almost any informal occasion.
And, whatever the occasion or the clothing
you're wearing, remember this: there's style
and color of Stetson perfectly suited to them.
The Stetson "Stratoliner" is priced at $3.50.
Otter Stetsons to $40 John B. Stetson Company,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
DOUGLAS
 NEWS
WAR FUND DRIVE

The National War Fund Drive in Douglas is nearing completion to- day, with almost all homes having been contacted. Residents are sub scribing as whole -heartedly as they have always done in the past and the Douglas quota is nearly as sured, or will be as soon as those who were not at home when the solicitor called have been contacted. The cash quota is harder to reach this year, because many residents were contacted by members of the committee at their Juneau offices or places of employment. It IS asked by the Douglas committee that those who have made dona- tions in Juneau leave their name and the amount paid in the hands of the Douglas committee, Frank Marshall or Val Poor, in order that complete record of Douglas contributions may be kept All per sons who have not been contacted are once more reminded that their subscriptions can be left with either Frank Marshall or Val Poor. All moneys should be turned in by this evening or Sunday.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
GAMBLE FAMILY VISITS

Mrs. George Gamble and family are visiting with her nephew, Ar thur Littlefield, arriving here from Sitka MT. Gamble is patient at St. Ann's Hospital in Juneau. A daughter, Miss Ethel Gamble, is on the staff of the Government Hos pital.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
IN KRONQUIST HOME

MT. and Mrs H. E. Wilson have moved from their Third and H Street residence to the former Kronquist house on St. Ann's Avenue.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
sNYDERs MOVE IN

MT. and Mrs. William F. Snyder are moving back to their Douglas home this week. The couple has resided in Prince Rupert for the past several months, where MT. Snyder was stationed with the Army Transport Service.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
FIREMEN MET LAST NIGHT

The Douglas Volunteer Fire De- partment held a regular monthly meeting last night in the Fire Hall.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
MRS. ROBERTSON VISITS

Mrs. William Robertson, of Ket- chikan, sister of Mrs. John Mills of Douglas, is visiting here with the Mills family. She accompanied her son and wife, MT. and Mrs. William Robertson, Jr., on a trip from Ketchikan to Whitehorse and is stopping off here enroute to her home.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1945-09-15
TAKE RESIDENCE HERE

MT. and Mrs. J. A. Thompson and two daughters are new Douglas residents, having moved into the Rice home on Knobb Hill. One of the girls is of school age and will enroll as a second-grader
Evening star., 1945-11-18

characters. In that way, the authors
protest against war is made even
more effective"
The protest was not enough
World War II came. But Remarque
believes that men must protest and
writers must echo those protests if
the world is to live. Some truly
great books should come out of this
war;" he says. For one thing. it was
more dramatic than ours. All we did
was sit in the trenches, hardly ever
seeing the enemy, waiting to be
killed. by artillery.
Then, boredom was the chief
enemy, and you cannot describe
boredom without boring the reader.
ssBut this war had more point
to it. This time we fought
ideas, not people. 1t was more of
a challenge to the mind. For this
reason, l expect Americans to write
the best books because they fought
the most idealistic war in history.
To me, it is incredible that Ameri-
cans. who were not Immediately
threatened by the war, fought so
magnificently. 1t is such idealism
that makes great books and great
people" SIANlEI fRANk
Evening star., 1945-11-18

through his memory and he will be
left with only the real things he
wants to say.
"You know my most poignant
impression of the First World War?
One Christmas Eve in the trenches
a truce was declared. We met the
French soldiers in No Mans Land
to exchange little gifts. Tobacco
candy, bits of food.
~Why Must I Sheet Him?"
WHEN we returned 20 our side l
noticed little fellow. formerly
shoemaker, crying to himself. l
asked him what the trouble was.
I was just talking to a French SOL
dier, also a shoemaker he said.
He was a nice man. with family.
He cuts his shoes the same way | do.
Why must shoot at him tomorrow?
Why can't we 60 home and make
shoes?'"
"All Quiet was Remarque's
third novel, but the first published.
1t was written when he was 80. 1t
was his vivid, strong protest against
war and what it does to people, all
kinds. And he wrote it so that his
readers, too. would protest.