Evening star., 1945-06-10
Lincoln
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Lincoln
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Council without the application of
the veto by the permanent members
Of the council.
However, any alterations of the
charter would require approval
through their respective constitu-
t1onal processes by the members of
the organization having permanent
membership on the Security Coun-
Gil and by a majority of the other
members of the organization.
Review Farley Proposed.
An amendment has been voted by
a subcommittee calling for a con-
ference for review Of the charter in
5 to 10 years after its adoption This
may in the end be rejected.
| Some of the medium and smaller
nations are objecting to the veto
given the big powers in the ratifi-
cation Of proposed amendments to
| the charter They are asking, in
stead, for a provision that any ma
ton which does not desire to concur
will have the privilege of withdraw
ing from membership in the Or
ganization. There is no provision
for withdrawal in the charter as
it stands.
A detailed explanation of the
operation of the peace enforcement
provisions of the charter was given
in a radio discussion tonight among
Assistant Secretary of State Archi-
bald MacLeish, Admiral A. J. Hep
burn and 1t. Gen. S. D. Embick-
the last two advisers of the Ameri-
can delegation.
The total pool Of forces available
tos the United Nations organization
lddk tiie maintenance Of peace, it
was pointed out, will be drawn from
all so members, with the preponder-
ance coming from the big powers.
1t Noal4s BE higher. probaHNs than
would be needed In any onestheater
or local area. In fact, the new
organization will be in q position to
exert force to a degree never before
dreamed of in an international Or
ganization for peace.
Admiral Hepburn and Gen: EN-
bick gaYe thetrs views IF what
UnitAdsates forces wouldbe made
ayaalahftAto the security couhcil OF
| the new organization-the agency
which IS to order enforcement meas
ures. The naval forces, Admiral
Hepburn said, will not be on per-
centage basis.
Use Third of Navy.
Like every other nation, we will
demobilize part of the Navy after
the war;" he said. What our ac-
tive Navy may be will be a matter
for Congress to decide"
But I should think that perhaps
as much as a third of our Regular
Navy might be earmarked for the
security councils use if necessary"
Gen. Embick said that the Army
will be much smaller in peacetime,
but that considerable part of the
regular forces will be available for
use in enforcement action. The
United States, he said, would make
certain number of divisions avail
able. The security council would
be kept constantly informed on the
location of these divisions and their
degree of readiness. The earmarked
divisions would probably be changed
from time to time.
The United States forces would
remain part OF the naval and mill
tary establishments of this country.
Gen. Embick, speaking of the United
States Army forces available to the
security council, said:
They would be trained, equipped
and officered by Americans. An in I
ternational army would involve tre-
mendous technical problems in
training, equipment and replenish-
ment in personnel and materiel
There is general agreement among
military men that force composed
of national contingents is more
practical than an integrated inter-
national police force"
All fOrCc6 MOfe MOOlle.
The charter makes special refer
ence to national air-force con-
tingents which are to be held always
in readiness to enable urgent mill
tary measures to be taken by the
organization" Admiral Hepburn
pointed out that air forces are much
more mobile than land or sea forces,
and could be used quickly to prevent
disturbances from developing to
serious point.
If one Of the big powers, like
the United States, Russia, Britain,
China or France, all permanent
members of the council, were en-
gagged in a dispute with another
nation, it would be in a position
to veto the use Of force. But Mr..
MacLeish pointed out that even in
a case as serious as that, the big
nation, being party to dispute,
could not veto the use of peaceful
measures to settle 1t, including q
hearing of the case, investigation by
the council and recommendations
1Or meQlaClOn, arDlCraClOn or re1eT-
ence to the World Court.
While the charter mentions a
system of regulation of arma-
ments" as possible in the future.
Admiral Hepburn said this did not
mean disarmament"
II don't think we will go in for
that again." he commented. Event
ually," he added, I'VE may be able
to cut down our armament, If no
new aggressor nations appear on the
horizon and If other countries agree
to cut them, too. But in my opinion
that can only come about when the
new organization has q history OF
accomplishment, SO that people and
nations will have cosafideY,eA In its