davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
k1G1s:!S Was s!!s!Z::lS j ! ) y
Raddr Magical Beam That
Boun(es Back on Contact
Lightning Calculator Estimates Distances
Upon DETECTION of EIectrons; Study
OF Apparatus Still in Infancy.
By BAUKHAGE
Ne,cs Analyst and Con,n,en,ntor

veyor makes these calculations by
observation from two known points.
And you don't have to be an en-
gineer to do it either-it is done
automatically by a lightning calcu-
lator.
l have stood in awe before these
calculating machines, which can
think" more accurately and
thousand times faster than l could
figure, and watched how they direct
the aim Of the turret, waist and tail
guns on BIG.
As | said in last weeks article,
the enemy has radar. too. The Ger
mans were working on it with. in
vestigation and experiment which
paralleled ours and those of the Brit
ish. In the early days of the war
the Germans had receiving sets on
high hills along the coast of France.
The electron beam, like that of tele-
since the surface of the earth is
curved, this curve gets in the way
if the image and receiving set are
too far apart. Therefore, land sets
are placed as high in the air as
possible.
We knew that the Germans had
some kind Of an electronic device
and they knew we had one One of
the early commando raids, which
the papers said was successful in
destroying German radio sta
tion," really destroyed the radar in
stallation.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
I4ZZH2ESS THEN CORRECTYH

ernor Rexford d. Tugwell has started
to act like the royal British govern
ors who oppressed the people of the
l3 colonies. Imperialism had to make
vague promises and few liberal con-
| ceSSionS to win the support of the col
ored peoples for World War II. But
now imperialism, represented in
Puerto Rico by Governor Tugwell,
sheds its new silk gloves and takes
up the old, familiar whip as the col
ored peoples demand that promises
be kept and concessions be broad
ened.
Just a few weeksago, Governor
Tugwen vetoed bill establishing the
eight hour day-one Of the main de-
mands Of Puerto Rico's Negro sugar
workers during a recent fve-week
strike supported by four million or
ganized Negro-Indian workers Of
Latin American.
At the same time he famed the
flames of revolution, by signing
smelly Tabor relations act" which
according to the General Confedera-
ton Of Workers OCT, is an in
-strument to serve the interests Of the
capitalists and negation of all the
rights and all the conquests achieved
by the workers Of Puerto Rico during
the past 25 years"
This infamous law completely out
laws the right Of the islands colored
workers to strike against the Sugar
Trust and the other powerful Ameri-
can monopolieS which own Puerto
Rico and its people. Maybe, it's just
coincidence that Tugwell was a
lawyer from the American Molasses
Company, a branch Of the Sugar
Trust, before he was appointed Gov
ernor of Puerto Rico.
'SUN-UP TILL SUNDOWN'
The eight-hour day bill, vetoed BY
Tugwell, also contained a provision
for overtime pay. Lack of overtime
pay has been one Of the sore spots in
Puerto Rico where the sugar workers,
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
Echo Caught
On Rodor Receiuer

Perhaps at this point we ought to
recall to your minds what an
| electron is. A short definition of an
electron is ''the most elementary
charge of negative electricity. Z"
Electrons plus protons (the positive
charge) are what atoms are made
of and atoms are what molecules
are made of and you and l and the
universe and all it contains are, as
we learned in high school, nothing
but various groups of molecules.
Ordinarily e1ectrons pursue the
even, if rapid, tenor of their ways
well within the bounds Of their own
atoms. But radar has changed all
that 1t has made it possible to
project those electrons out into
space and then, if they hit some
thing and bounce back, to catch the
echo" on the scope" of the radar
set in the form of a ''blip' or blob
Of light.
We can't go into detail as to how
this operation takes place, but we
can tell you in general way. The
scope of the radar set is round. 1t
is like map. North at the top,
south at the bottom; east to the right
and west to the left. So that you
will know where you are little
light appears on the screen just
where your set is located on the
map" you are looking at. By NOV
ing the instrument, you can keep
yourself in the middle If you see
another spot of light on the screen
up where IL o'clock would be on
your watch dial, you know there is
plane Cor other objecD north of
you. If it should be a plane and it
were coming toward you (Which the
instrument would reveaD and it
finally appeared right on top of the
light that showed your location,
you'd know that there was going to
be collision.
Radar can "see" ship 80 miles
away-and see it in the dark,
through a wall of cloud or mist,
which no human sight could pene-
tate
Different substances give stronger
or weaker "echoes" on your screen,
water little or none. Land more,
built-up areas more than fields.
Rocks more than softer surfaces.
In addition to locating an object
in relation to the observer (the loca-
ton of the radar set). the distance
from the object can be calculated
by the length of time it takes for
the electrons to reach the object and
bounce back. The elevation (angle
of height from observer) and the
detection chow far to the right or
lefD are calculated just as sur
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
ASK FOR HIS SCORE

You have probably run across
him-the man who sorrowfully de-
clares that he hates the idea of an
other war, but that his study of the
world situation forces him to con
clude that we'll have to fight Russia.
If you run across him again. ask him
for his score What did his study Of
the world situation force him to
conclude" about Munich, lend-lease,
the destroyers-for-bases deal, the in
tentions Of the Japanese selective
service? If you find, as you probably
will, that he batted around .00002 on
these and others like them, you will
be forced to conclude that as an
appraiser at world eevnts he is not
SO hot-and if he is determined to
fight Russia let him try it on his own.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
Poke Out
Japs' Eyes

One of the reasons why Two Jima
and Okinawa were so important, be-
sides the fact that they make ex-
cellent naval and air bases, is be-
cause the Japs had their radar de-
lection stations on these islands and
were able to detect the presence OF
our bombers and intercept their
fight. You will also recall that a
number Of little adjacent islands
that hardly seemed of any impor-
tance were seized by our troops.
In all probability it was because
they had radar installations which
could detect and give warning Of
planes leaving the larger island for
Japan. AS we put out her "eyes"
one after another, Japan becomes
more impotent There have been
many cases, you may have noticed,
where the Japs, on land or on small
ships, have been taken by surprise.
l have no information on this sub
ject, but in some cases it may have
been due to the fact that they
lacked radar equipment. 1t is be-
ieved that what radar knowledge
Japan has came from the Germans.
Of course. there is one phase of
radar detection which in the past
has sometimes prevented use Of
data concerning the detection of
plane or ship. That is the fact that
until the object is very close it can
not be identified. 1t is merely a
''blip" of light. Therefore, it is i'm
possible to tell friend and enemy
apart. Some sort Of Identification
has been developed, details of which
are still, believe, top secret"
An example of how this worked to
the disadvantage of the British was
in the engagement in which HMS
Hood was lost. On May q, 1941,
the Hood was lying in the strait be-
tween Iceland and Greenland when
suddenly out of nowhere she was
hit by salvo from the 15-inch
guns Of the powerful Bismarck. The
Bismarck had accurately located
the Hood with radar equipment;
the first reported successful use of
redar in such a naval operation in
the war. 1t is said that the Hood
had likewise detected the presence
of ship at the spot where the Bis
marck was, but knowing that
number of friendly warships were
in the vicinity, did not dare to take
the chance of attacking first.
Many improvements have been
made in radar which are not as yet
ready for the public eye and all
say the study is only in its infancy.
Scientific achievement seems limit
less and the one virtue of war is
that it spurs inventive genius to
great strides of progress.
When peace comes radar will
likewise open new vistas of which
the layman hardly dreams.
Harry Truman didn't want to be
vice president. James Byrnes didn't
ask to be made secretary of state.
Neither wanted to mix into inter
national affairs-but they found
themselves on the same boat en-
route to GERMANY.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04

WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington. d. C.
I'm previous article Mr.. Baukhage
told some of the little knoton facts in
the history and Development OF radar
and recorded many Of its possible peace.
time uses. In this article he explains
tOhdf makes radar tick and hoto it per
formed some OF its marvellous teats in
this ioar.)
Impact" a publication Of the Of
fee of the assistant chief of air staff.
intelligence branch, for the first
time lifting the veil which has COW
cred descriptions of radar, says sue
cinctly: "A radar set is nothing
more than a machine for sending
electrons out into space in a steady
stream in desired direction. These
electrons travel with the speed of
light in straight line until their
energy is dissipated, or unless they
bump into something"
That bump is important If a
stream of electrons is shot into the
air like searchlight and plane
flies across the stream, the elec-
irons which hit the plane bounce
back. They bounce right back to a
screen in the radar scope and are
revealed in the form of a ''blip"
of light, just as an echo bounding
back on your eardrum is reflected
in the form of sound.
The principle Of the real echo is
used in "sonic" location of obsta-
cles-ships use it to locate shoals,
for instance. And, recently, it has
been demonstrated that bats use
the same principle in avoiding OBJ
stacles (Which they can't see since
they are blind) by uttering a tiny
''beep," the pitch of which is prob
ably too high for the human ear to
catch. Their beep bounces back in
time to warn them to duck.
But radar's electronic "blip" is
better than a sonic ''beep" One
reason is that an electron moves
with the speed Of light which is fast
er than sound.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
B R | E f S BY Baukhage

Japs are making kitchen knives
from American incendiary bomb
cases. They ought to be ready to set
up housekeeping soon since we have
begun throwing everything at them
but the kitchen stove.
One of Hitler's favorite tunes was
who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf"
That was before he got a bear by
the tail.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
PUERTO RICO FACES
REVOLUTION
By Harold Preece

BY Harold Preece
This week, we,Americans celebrate
Independence Day. It's a time for
flag-waving, and for congratulating
ourselves on helping to build the
world security organization Of the
United Nations which -4met at San
Francisco.
But after you've listened to the ra-
dio speeches on the glorious Fourth
and what was done at San Francisco,
think Of what July and the United
Nations charter would mean to you
if you lived in the captive colored
nation Of Puerto Rico.
If you lived in Puerto Rico, you
might think that the American flag
was pretty and that George Wash
! ington, the white Virginian whom you
had learned about in the American
controlled schools, was a great man.
But, maybe, you might be wondering
when your countrys flag-the cap
tive flag Of a captive people-would
take its place among the banners Of
the worlds free nations.
Black Washington
Maybe, too, you might be thinking
Of Puerto Rico'S Washington who
was a black mantle great-souled
Emilio Betances, father of the short
lived Puerto Rican republic, crushed
by the Wall Street sugar trust when
the Americans replaced the Span
iards in 1898.
And you might have less than
cheers for the San Francisco charter.
remembering that Aryan Argentina is
inside the United Nations but that
colored Puerto Rico is out. You
might feel bitter in your stomach be-
cause Argentina, which helped Hitler,
had her delegates seated with honor
at San Francisco. But Puerto Rico,
which fought Hitler, had her dele
gates, elected by your country's Ma
tionalist Party, Stunned and denied a
hearing before the forum of nations.
And maybe, you might feel that
there was something hypocritical
about a big natio (which celebrated
its own independence, while denying
independence to a smaller nation.
| don't want to be an alarmiSt, but
| do want to sound warning given
me b irresponsible Pnuerto Ricans
who want to strengthen the weaken
ing ties between our country which
is the owner and their country which
is the owned. IF independence is not
granted to Puerto Rico, the time may
come very soon when Negro boys
from Harlem and Arkansas may be
conscripted to shoot down Negro boys
in Ponce and San Juan.
VERGE OF REVOLUTION
Puerto Rico is on the verge of
revolution against American imper-
ialism, SO my friends in that country
tell me.
Congress should long since have
passed Congressman Vito Marcanton-
los bill freezing the Puerto Rican
nation, but the bill still gathers dust
in the pigeonhole of a House Com
mittee. Moreover, Puerto Ricans know
that the Sugar Trust which owns the
island, as the Cotton Trust owns Mis-
sissippi, will never consent to the
United States placing their country
in the faulty international trusteeshiH
system worked out at San Francisco.
| Today, once-iberal American Gov
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
Life Insurance Payments
Show Increase for 1914

Seven persons in the United States
who died last year left over 81, ,00U,-
600 life insurance, according to a
special survey of the National Under
writer, Insurance newspaper. The
largest claim paid by life insurance
companies in 1914 was just under
$4,000, 900. There were 2 claims paid
between 5000, 900 and $1,000, 900; q
between $500, 900 and 5000, 900; SO be-
tween 100000 and $500, 600; 276
between $780, 900 and 5000, 900 and
l,75l between $4,000 and s100, 1000.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
Postwar Changes

OStUdT CnQHgSS
These postwar years will see
many changes in the national life Of
our nation. Returning veterans,
scared by war and broadened in
their contact with other peoples, will
have a strong influence on the af-
fairs of the country !. decentraliza-
ton of population . and the mass
movement of population as result
of war dislocations are already
felt the political pattern of the
nation in changing old political
lines, such as once divided the North
and the South. are being wiped out
and recent events point to a new
lineup which will see the great CEN
ters of population and the small
towns and rural areas divided by
widely divergent viewpoints.
A generation ago the most out
spoken voices of liberalism came
from the rural sections of the West
and Midwest . Beveridge, Norris.
LaFollette Sr., Bryan, Walsh of
Montana, Kenyon of Iowa, Olson Of
Minnesota and others while
the reactionaries and so-called con-
servatives represented the East and
the populous centers of the North.
Today the pendulum swings the 9th
er way with representatives, gen.
orally, from the West and Midwest
the pillars Of conservative thought,
while such men as Aiken of Ver-
mont. White and Brewster Of Maine,
Saltonstan of Massachusetts,, To-
hey of New Hampshire, and others
from the larger cities become the
supporters of liberal thought.
In the cities, the influence of labor
unions, no doubt, has caused
swing from conservative to liberal
and given impetus for reform from
the industrial East and North. And
so the picture presented indicates
the future will see the mass thinking
of the large areas of population pit
ted against the individual thought
Of the small towns and the rural
areas.
The purest form of Americanism
today is found in the rural sections
of the nation, and if the present ten
dency toward decentralization Of
population and industry is carried
through, as it will be, the influence Of
the small town and rural commu-
nifty will be felt more and more on
the national life of the nation. The
experiences following the last war
should be a warning that there is
no place today in this pure Amer
icanism for the forms of intolerance
and bigotry which polluted the body
of our social and political life during
that period.
1t double the amount six years
ago; annuity payments also reached
new high of S198, BIT, increas-
ing s7,436. .535 over 1913; disability
payments continued to decline, were
S107. .545, ,480, a drop of S23, ,973, ,553
from the peak figure in 1910 and s3,-
415,373 lower than 1943; surrender
payments declined for the sixth con-
secutive year to s287, ,24O, OLA or 1884,
455, l6O less than the year before.
Dividends to policyholders were
s494, ,468. 794. showing an increase OF
s35. .965, ,O3O These payments to poll
cyholders amount to 52.65 per cent
of all navments
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
Omaha, Nebraska, Saturday. August 4, 1e45

Published E0ery Saturday at 9i2O Grant Street
VI OMAHA, NEBRASKA-PHONE HA OsoO
4 Entered as Second Class Matter March 15 1927
at the Post Office at Omaha Nebraska. under
n Act OF Congress Of March 8, 1879
VIC. c. GoLoacay-. Publisher and Actino Edito,
All News Copy of Churches and all organic
atons must be II our office not later than / 100
Wp- m Monday for current issue Ali Advertising
y copy on Paid Articles, not later than Wednesday
noon, preceding date Of issue, to insure public
} alton.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
HOW Do THEY REASON

There is no way to express adequate contempt
for well-paid workmen and labor leaders who strike
and advocate strikes in production plants today.
Such deserve special punishment in the hereafter
possibly the torment of their souls for shirkng
in their solemn duty while their brothers and die
on the battlefelds, will be some retribution.
The Omaha guide., 1945-08-04
MsoHoHse
Iusn
ReaoAeA
I in WASHINGTON
BY Wolier Sheod
WNU Correspondent
WNU Washington Bureau
62I Union Trust Building,

WNU Washington Bureau
62l Union Trust Building,
HOW wide and how deep is your
- Americanism? Will it embrace
our new concept of national life, in
Guiding the good neighbor policy and
tolerance here at home. as fixed by
our foreign policy?
Does your Americanism contem-
plate protection of your religious be-
hefs by recognizing the right Of 9TH
ers to their religious beliefs? Does
II tolerate and respect the rights and
opinions of others? Does it follow
tne basic chart we have set down
1or world peace and international
lie that world peace and the
good neighbor policy cannot succeed
unless the peoples Of the world
WILL that we have peace and live
together as good neighbors?
These questions have been raised
oy the senate hearings and debate
on the ratification of the charter Of
the United Nations. They were
raised also on the first pronounce
ment of James F. Byrnes. new sec
retary of state, after he took his
oath of office He said:
The making of an enduring
peace will depend on something
more than skilled diplomacy,
something more than paper
treaties, something more even
than the best charter the wisest
statesmen can draft. Important
as is diplomacy, important as
are the peace settlements and
the basic charter of world peace,
these cannot succeed unless
backed by the will of the peoples
of different lands, not only to
have peace, but to live together
as good neighbors." And that
means that we must start here
at home at being good neigh
bOrS, one to another.
We were an intolerant, bigoted
nation 26 years ago. We kicked the
Versailles treaty and the Covenant
OF the League of Nations overheard.
Our Americanism then was in the
narrow sense we thought we
could live within ourselves, self-suf-
hclent apart from the rest of
the world. AS a result Of this atti-
tude of intolerance, all sorts of
1sms" and movements grew up IN
our national life neighbor was
arrayed against neighbor social
distrust and unrest festered.
Today" concluded the new Sec
retary of state, there can be no
doubt that the peoples Of this war
ravaged earth want to live in a
free and peaceful world. But the
supreme task of craftsmanship the
world over is to help them to under
stand that they can have peace and
freedom only if they tolerate and
respect the rights of others to opin-
ions, feelings and ways of life which
they do not and cannot share"
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-10

Yam der Veer Studio.
John I. Leaman, three years old,
the son of Mr.. and Mrs. John Up
ton Leaman, Jr., was judged the
most photogenic and is the winner
of the Child of the Month contest
for April. John, his mother says,
is all boy, as one can see from his
picture. He has two sisters, Mar
garet Ellen, aged four and Jane
Augusta who is six years old.
John was named John Irwin be-
cause his parents thought it would
never do to have three John Up
tons in one household, for three
generations of Leamans live to-
gether in the Germantown nome.
Mrs. Leaman was Idella Green
and came from Cumberland to live
in Montgomery County about ten
years ago. She thinks the child
rem are pretty lucky to have a
father who is farmer. The fam
lily got real thrill when told John
had won prize at popped us
up just when we needed a lift,
said Mrs. Leaman.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-10
COlOred Businessmen
Erect Honor Roll

The Colored Business Mems Asso-
citation of Montgomery County
has erected an honor Roll Board
which will be placed on Washing.
ton Street in Rockville and unveil-
ed on May 30, at 2 P. M.
The board is to honor all the
men and women in the armed
services of the country. Those
who have loved ones in the services
are asked to send in their names
and fifty-two cents to pay for the
printing of each name that will be
placed on the board.
There are already over 25E
names sent in. The Honor Roll
will take care of over 1000 names
The Fishermen and the Elks of
Rockville will take part in this
undertaking to make this a great
day in honoring of our boys over
there.
Send all names, and fee, TO Geo.
W. Johnson, Washington Street
Rockville, Md.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-10
Bache Albert HOnOred
At Dinner Monday

Bache Albert, for 20 years town
clerk of Rockville who recently
resigned because of pressure of
duties at the Farmers Bank, was
given a testimonial dinner Monday
night at Hungerford Tavern by
Mayor Douglas M. Blandford and
members of the town council.
Besides Mr.. and Mrs. Albert,
those present were Mayor and
Mrs. Blandford; Barnard Welsh,
attorney for the council, and Mrs.
Welsh; John Mcdonald, town en-
gineer and Mrs. Mcdonald; Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Williams, Mr.. and
Mrs. Edgar Reed; Mr.. and Mrs.
Oliver Perry, and Mrs. Leigh ALL
mutt, who took Mr.. Abert's place
as clerk on May l.
In behalf of the mayor and the
council, Mr.. WeRh presented Mr..
Albert with handsome wrist
watch. Accepting the gift Mr.
Albert reminisced about the growth
of the town during the two and a
half decades. The towns popula-
ton was only about 100 at the time
of World War 1. 1t is now be-
tween A and 5 thousand.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-10
Episcopal Rector
Takes Up Duties

The Rev. Arthur LeBarron Rib
BILE, rector of st. Bartholomew
parish resumed his duties on Sun
day after serving two years as a
chaplain with the Marine Corps.
He was invalided home after serv-
ing overseas in the Pacific area.
There are three churches in the
parish, st. Bartholomew's at Lay
louisville; st. Johns, Olney and St.
Luke's at Brighton. The rectory
at Olney is still occupied by the
Rev. w. Herbert Mayors, who
served the parish while its rector
was away, and his family. Mr..
Mayors expects to be placed in
charge Of church in the Mary
land diocese. Meanwhile the Rev.
and Mrs. Ribble and their family
are living at White Post, Va.