davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
Letters to The Star
Teen.Ase Girl States q Problem
And Su9&esfs q Solution

AnQ Ou&&eSIS Solution
To the Editor OF The Star:
As pupil of Randall Junior High
School and o member of the Teen-age
Council, readily can explain the adj
vantages and disadvantages facing the
children of the Southeast area.
Our school has been divided into two
shifts, curtailing our education and
sending us into the clutches of delin-
quency. Recreation is the thing most
sought by the teen-agers and the Teen
age Council is the organization which
best can furnish 1t to us.
: We teen-agers like to feel that we are
a part of the community and its activi-
ties. We do not want just recreation,
but q chance to prove our abilities,
especially our leadership, which will
help us to be the builders of our COM
munity and prosperous citizens of to-
morrow.
We also have devoted adult leader
ship. Our major problem now is:
Where can we find a place where this
organization and leadership can be a
help to us?" Our goal is to find place
where we can get together and strive to-
gether to build stronger and better
community. This is our goal and we
hope to accomplish it.
JEANNE L. EVANS,
Section 9A-3,
Randall Junior High School.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
Skeptical of Russia


To the Editor of The Star:
We have furnished Russia with many
billions of dollars worth of munitions
and food. Yet that immense country,
with a population of 100000 can
raise and produce everything it requires,
and the time has come for us to stop
sending to Russia what we badly need
ourselves.
Let us keep in mind that the Com
munist gang which rules Russia took
over the government and has held
power by the murder of thousands of the
best of Russia's people.
Workers and farmers in the Soviet
Union are being driven like slaves.
1t is difficult to consider such a gov
eminent friend of the United States
or any other democracy.
1t is very sad spectacle to see the
United States and Great Britain help
lessly acquiesce to Russia taking over
Poland, the small Baltic states and the
Balkan countries. The elections they
promise mean Vote for Communism or
face the machine guns"
Both red flags, that of the Nazis and
that of Communism, are drenched in
blood. The former will not fly much
longer, but the latter will remain as
the greatest menace in the world to
liberty, and we should treat it as such,
If We value our own freedom.
DORE WALTEN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
Deepening Crisis in Italy

Recent riotous disturbances in
Rome have twofold significance.
In the immediate sense they de-
note popular dissa abstraction with
the present government headed by
Premier Bonomi. But they also
have a deeper and more ominous
meaning as manifestations of the
downright chaotic condition of Italy,
especially of that portion liberated
by Allied arms. They therefore i'm
ply not only present troubles but
still graver things to come.
The spark which set of the cur
rent disturbances was the escape
from prison hospital of General
Mario Roatta, former Chief of Staff
under Mussolini. The ease with
which one of the leading defendants
in the Fascist purge" trials walked
to freedom melted a mass meeting
of Left-wing elements which culmi-
mated in a demonstration march
that precipitated a clash between
the demonstrators and the Carabi-
nieri wherein shots were fired and
blood flowed. The political signif1-
canoe of this and subsequent dis
turbances lies in the fact that the
mass meeting, though Endorsed by
several Left-wing elements, was
called by the Communists, who form
part of the coalition government
headed by Bononai. And the dem
onstrations, while calling for his
immediate resignation, were even
more violently directed against the
Crown. in the person of Prince UNI
berto who acts as de facto regent for
King Victor Emmanuel. It should
be recalled that an adjournment of
the monarchy issue until after the
war was one of the cardinal points
on which rested the coalition regime
established after the liberation of
Rome by the Allies last year. This
is merely one of several signs that
the political truce established in lib
Grated Italy is breaking down. with
no feasible alternative in sight.
Another portent along the same
line was the move made last week
by the middle-of -the-road Liberals
headed by Benedetto Croce to form
strong center" bloc in order to
forestall. too sudden and violent
changes from the Left which should
logically be intensified II and when
Northern Italy is redeemed from the
Germans and their Fascist allies.
However, the entire trend Of events
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

So it is not only We who have been
watching the behavior of the population
as our troops advanced The Nazis have
been much more interested. No matter
what the reaction of the people, we
shall finish the war as planned. But
how the NaZis would finish the war de-
pended upon the behavior of the people.
There is no possibility of successful
guerrilla warfare except with popular
support. If the people want peace at
any price, guerrilla warfare is a most
dangerous activity for the Nazis them
selves. BY engaging in it, they expose
themselves as Nazis They divide them
selves from the population and make
it easy to single them out.
-
Now. If this program of continuing
the war by other means when organized
armies collapse is abandoned for lack
Of popular support, what alternative
have the Nazis? Only to disappear in
the population-in conditions of gen.
eral collapse. Thus instead of con-
tinuing resistance till the last dog Is
hung" the dogs will wish, at certain
moment, to bring about complete end
OF resistance under conditions most
favorable to themselves. Those condi-
tons are chaos, streams of refugees
whose Identities cannot be verified, de-
struction OF all state and party files,
the Quitting of themselves with false
identification papers, and disorderly
breakup of the armies, in contrast to
orderly rehabilitation.
DR.. Goebbels' last article in "Das
Reich" seems to confirm this outlook
For the first time the leading Nazi
propaganda does not foresee a pro-
tracted war and a defense Of every cor
ner of the Reich but says "the war has
already exceeded its climax and will
lead up to a furioso in its final phase
ending suddenly and rashly" Even if
he tries to create the impression that
this ultimate end will be in German
victory. he certainly knows otherwise.
nor will any Germans reading his arti-
Gle believe that it is anything but a
Nazi threat to do something particularly
, horrible before the regime disappears.
In practical terms the article means a
furioso to promote disintegration and
chaoS-and a sudden end
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12

AS the news from Germany trickles
through, it Is clear that the situation
Is not what we expected to find, and
it seems likely that the war will not
end as expected.
We have anticipated that the Nazis
would retreat to the Bavarian and Aus
TRAN Alps, and from there continue Or
ganized resistance assisted by guerrilla
warfare. This possibility has been
weighed by the Allies.
But the assumption for any such
form Of war is the support of the ma
jority Of the population. The astonish-
ing indications, which now come in
daily, are that the Nazis have no such
support. The population is not only
ready, but eager to quit. Both on the
eastern and western fronts when they
see that they are not going to be massa-
cred, as they were told by the Nazis.
the people are cooperative with our
troops, docile, and in places so welcom-
ing that our own nonfraternization Or
ders simply cannot be maintained
Furthermore. as the Nazi grip relaxes,
we shall find an extensive underground
anti-Nal movement in Germany. That
cannot yet be seen from the reports of
SoiICSpOiiSCHLS, Uub III dllcduy IldS DcCli
discovered by our authorities. This I
never have doubted, The theory of the
solidarity of the German people behind
the Nazi regime is due to the total
inability of persons living in free coun-
tries to understand the nature of
totalitarian order and the complete i'm
possibility of overthrowing it without
outside armed aid.
The joke, however. will be on the
Nazis-for they themselves could not
know the real state of mind of the
population until our troops came in.
They certainly knew there was strong
opposition or they would not have had
the Gestapo, SIS, the concentration
camps, the hangingS, the universal ter
ror. But once the war began they
counted on the national spirit against
foreign foes, trusting it to be stronger
than the opposition. There is also this
disadvantage to a totalitarian state
the opposition has to be secret and as
shrewd in self protection as its oppres-
SorS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The life OF q Washington newspaper
man Is not ALWAYS q bed of roses. Be-
sides the inevitable difficulties he en-
counters in gathering the truth about
the dealings OF this Government with
other governments. due to a blackout
OF news at the source, he Is sometimes
subjected to the unpleasant prying into
his private life by officers OF the Mill
tary Intelligence Of the War Depart
ment.
A checkup on all the representatives
OF the press Is only logical and was
carried out thoroughly as soon as the
war broke out. All the reporters cover
ing the White House and the Govern
ment departments had to file with the
FBI the essential facts of their lives.
Only after they had been hngerprinted
and their records checked were they
issued the necessary Identification cards.
Press censorship in the United States
is voluntary and principally covers mat
tiers of military security which includes
the movements OF high officials. In
spite of the blackout of news at the
source many reporters are able to get
stories which are irksome to certain
authorities when published. And since
the Once of Censorship. under the able
leadership of Byron Price, insists that
no agency interfere with the printing of
legitimate information, some depart
ments have adopted an intimidation
policy, which consists of tapping the
telephones of some of the Washington
newspapermen and shadowing them by
special agents.
The object of this policy appears to
be to find out where certain leaks"
occur on stories which the newspaper
men consider legitimate information but
some which high-ups wish to cover up.
This reporter had such an experience
last week. A report regarding certain
developments In Romania, where there
is an American diplomatic and military
mission, reached me through a reliable
source. Before writing it, l telephoned
an official of the State Department, who,
while not denying it, asked me to refrain
from writing it because it would make
the existing situation even more diff
cult. complied with the officials
request.
Within 48 hours two officers of the
Military Intelligence appeared at the
apartment house where live and began
questioning the personnel about whom
I saw, what apartments in the building
I visited, whether l was taking my meals
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
Flug-Raisinq Stamp

Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney of
Wyoming formerly was First Assist
ant Postmaster General, and he
therefore knows from experience the
Importance of the designs of post
age stamps as media for the widest
possible characterization of ideas.
More than century ago, Sir Row.
land Hill, sponsoring the famous
Penny Black of Great Britain, en-
ployed profile portrait of Queen
Victoria as the central motif of the
composition reproduced thereon
and thus started the procedure
which rendered his sovereign the
most widely known woman in the
world. The same principle was fol-
lowed in 1849 when the first postal
labels of the United States were pro-
duced, one showing Benjamin Frank
lin and another George Washington.
It also motivated Napoleon III when
ne substituted his own effigy for the
cyAADoiAC ..1lhCllCoS VI UllG 1OQQeSS
Ceres on the adhesives of France in
1852.
What Senator OMahoney cur
rently suggests is that the photo
graph of the raising of the Stars and
Stripes on Mount suribachi on the
island of Two Jima, published in
The Star for February "a and Is, be
adapted for use as the main feature
OF a three-cent stamp as "a me-
mortal to fthe) valor and sacrifice"
Of the Marine Corps. Concerning
the picture, he has declared to Kent
Cooper, executive director of the As
ISOLATED Press: mo war report or
communique, no speech or state
ment that has been written or
spoken since Pearl Harbor and Ger
tainly no news picture is to be COM
pared with 1t in dramatic appeal. /"
A large public undoubtedly shares
this opinion. The photograph is so
truly natural" that it requires no
explanation, needs no argument.
Part Of its power Of attraction is its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12

in chaotic italy Is 50 increasingly
Leftward that 1t seems unlikely to
be stayed by moderate elements
within Italy itself. OF course, in the
last analysis, widespread disorders
could be handled by the Allied troops
who effectively occupy the country.
But the re-establishment of order
by Allied bayonets would be no So
luton to Italy's political problem.
1t would be merely confession OF
failure on the part of the Italians
themselves to set their house in or
der. Yet. If the alternative be
dictatorship of the Extreme Left at
tanned by violence, Allied military
rule may be the only recourse.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12

simplicity. It could not have been
posed. The story it tells Is the story
of the whole tremendous effort OF
the double war. It represents men
-four striving Marines-in the act
of affirming the basic ideal of their
lives in battle on mountain top.
They are putting the Star Spangled
Banner against an enemy sky, where
it will fly as a promise of still other
victories.
Senator O'Mahoney has proposed
the stamp in especial homage to the
Marine Corps, but his letter to Post
master General Frank c. Walker also
carries the suggestion that similar
labels be issued for all other branches
OF the national service.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
After We Duy

1t can hardly be a mere coinci-
dence that we are having so many
distinguished visitors right now from
the vast Pacif1c-Asiatic theater. The
Official revelation that Admiral MINI
itz arrived here more than a week
ago adds additional significance to
the fact that others present included
Admiral Halsey, General Hurley,
our Ambassador to Chungking. and
General Wedemeyer. General Still
wells successor in China. Obviously
they came to Washington for some
thing much more important than a
change of scene, and their arrival
at a moment when events in Europe
are creating new wave of optim-
iSm-serves to remind us that there
is still a gigantic war to be waged
against Japan.
In his role as commander in chief
of the Pacific Fleet and the Pacific
Ocean area, Admiral Nimitz made
special point of emphasizing the
magnitude of the task ahead, declal 4
ing that the Japanese, despite all
their past defeats, remain an ex-
tremely formidable foe - for these
reasons among others: Cd Because
they are uniquely fanatical fighters,
preferring death to surrender; Cd
because their defensive position,
aided greatly by geography. will con-
tinue strong until their communica-
lions with the Asiatic mainland are
severed, and 60 because in our
battles with them up to now we have
engaged at most only 10 per cent of
their army, currently estimated to
be at least as large as the German
Army at its peak.
Admiral Nimitz thus supports
other officials who have lately been
warning against overoptimistic ex-
pectations about what is likely to
happen after victory in Europe. We
day will not permit any large scale
trimming down of our overall war
effort. AS pointed out a short time
ago by William L. Bait, vice chair
man of the War Production Board,
Germany's defeat will probably
mean at best only 20 per cent re-
conversion from arms output to
civilian output. Similarly. as Ad-
nliral Nimitz makes clear, our armies
and air forces now fighting in the
European theater will experience no
swift demobiliza ton; on the con-
trary, a substantial percentage of
the ground troops and airmen who
have gone through numerous battles
with the Nazis will be rushed as fast
as possible-presumably after brief
period of reconditioning in this
country-into the struggle against
Japan
This prospect merits emphasis be-
cause most of us, in anticipating
We day, may tend to overlook the
size of the job that will still have to
be done after Germany's downfall.
Admiral Nimitz's remarks on this
point are SOLDERING. and the Nation
can well afford to hear more of the
same as protection against mis-
placed optimism or relaxation in the
weeks and months ahead.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
Pessimistic View of Future

Pessimistic View of Future
To the Editor Of The Star:
Herbert Spencer said that a poison is
only a concentrated form of hate,
although to many people the idea that
the race may be polluted, or perhaps
destroyed by mental poisons, may seem
incredulous.
The present mass warfare has gen.
Grated such universal hatred, it seems
doubtful, indeed, II sanity will be estab-
hshed on this planet in generations.
Any attempt to establish world free
dom upon 'power-politics" while drain
ing the United States Treasury, at the
expense Of the taxpayers, will prove
futile.
Until world social order is erected
on universal justice to all, including
weaker, smaller nations, not to mention
hundreds of millions of struggling, i'm
poverished East Indians, imperialistic
aims will prevail
Brotherhood is not promoted by am
bilious rulers who seek to carve up the
globe to suit their own purposes
EDMUND X. GOLDsBoROUGH.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12

in the dining room and who usually
dined with me, who my friends were,
what elevators I was using when re-
turning home in the evening and many
similar questions which are said to be
asked in preliminary Investigations Of
suspects by secret police in all nations
which have this system.
When this was brought to ray atten-
ton, called Maj. Gen. Clayton Bissel,
assistant chief Of staff in charge of mill
tary intelligence. Gen. Bissel received
me with his well-known courtesy and
explained that since the apartment
house in which live was inhabited by
many high-ranking Army officers he
felt compelled to investigate their ac-
tivities to learn If perchance some leaks
might have been caused by their in
discretions. He assured me that his
officers apparently had overstepped
their authority when, instead OF asking
about the generals, they confined their
investigation to me.
The officers of the Military Intelli-
gence are known for their scrupulous
care in obeying orders to the letter
Evidently there was a discrepancy be-
TWEEN the explanations so freely offered
by Gen. Bissel and the actual facts in
the case.
There has been good deal of commo-
ton In the War Department recently
because some members of Congress got
their hands on copies of a secret and
registered order which had been sent
to commanders in the field to commits
sion men with Communist party records.
A congressional investigation of the or
der is now in progress.
There was natural curiosity on the
part Of the higher-ups in the War De-
partment to discover how the order
leaked out. Gen. Bissel assured me
that he was not particularly surprised
over that leak, because it had to pass
through so many hands. Nevertheless,
it appears that all the faucets in Wash
ington had to be checked to make sure
that similar leak will not develop
when other similar instructions are sent
out from the War Department. This
explanation by Gen. Bissel would, of
course, cover his investigation of the
departments PERSONAL---VERY. and low
but it does not explain why the pri-
vate lives of neWspapermen must be
pried into. There ought to be enough
work for the counter Intelligence of the
War Department without going into
that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12
JAW Strike Vote

The disclosure that the CLIO United
Automobile Workers have voted to
retain their no-strike pledge, ap-
parently by margin of approx
mately 2 to 1, removes a serious
threat to the war program.
This referendum, in which only
about one-third of the JAW men,
bership participated, grew out of the
unions September convention. Over
riding their principal officers, who
fought hard for retention of the
pledge, the convention delegates first
voted to rescind it and then, after a
change of heart, decided to submit
the question to the union members
in the referendum which has Just
been completed.
The JAW, with q membership of
around 100000, is the largest and
most unpredictable OF American
unions. That most of the members
are loyal, responsible Americans is
indicated by the result of the no.
strike poll. These are known in the
union as the 'moderates." But it
also has curious assortment of
minority factions-known variously
as the radicals, the ultra-radicals,
the Stalinists, the liberals, the con-
servatives, and the superdupers-
and it is among some of these
factions presumably that most of
the professional troublemakers are
found.
During 1914 there were more than
1000 strikes and work stoppages of
various kinds In which JAW mem
bers were involved. Many of them
resulted from what appeared to be
trivial grievances, and some of them
seemingly were intended to chal-
lenge the right of management to
manage. Whether this was the case
or not, the unions strike record,
despite the favorable outcome of the
referendum on the no-strike pledge,
is evidence of a deep seated unrest
in the industry-a trend toward
friction and distrust as between
management and workers which can
be productive of the most serious
trouble when the war-imposed re-
Straints are lifted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-12

great japanese city, with results as yet
undetermined as these words are writ
ten on Sunday afternoon.
II these were the only attacks to be
expected, the Japanese might well stand
up under them. But the future is dark
with foreboding for the Japanese people.
Even as the bombs were falling on
Nagoya, the Marines on Two were break
ing up the final remnants of Japanese
resistance into small hopeless pockets.
That means that within comparatively
short time, American fighters and even
tually medium bombers will be operating
from that island. The results from the
point of view of the population of Japan
will be these:
/. The BAG attacks will be heavier
because they can be given fighter escort
over the target areas, and also because
Japanese bombers can no longer reach
the bases in the Marianas from which
the B-29s operate.
2. The japanese will have less warn
ing of these attacks because Japanese
reconnaissance from the Volcano and
BONN Islands can be reduced to mini
mum or prevented altogether by con-
slant. fighter patrol based on Two.
8. To the BIO long distance attacks
will be added attacks by medium bomb
ers from Two, enabling more continuous
attention to selected target areas and q
wider selection of targets, and thus
scattering and thinning down the Japa-
nese defenses.
~
Nor is this all, for the possession of q
reconnaissance base at Two will greatly
facilitate new carrier based attacks
against the Japanese mainland, which
can be expected to increase in number
and intensity.
Finally, it seems virtually certain that
the course OF operations In the Pacific
will be directed toward obtaining addi-
tional bases from which more and more
heavy bombers can be put into action
against the Japanese centers of popula-
ton and industry.
repeat-we are now going to find out
whether the Japanese as people can
take the sort of beating which they have
thought of themselves as giving others
but which they never expected to have
to take themselves.
The manner In which they react to
these new and terrific developments, to
the increasing scale of pounding which
they are going to get during the weeks
and months that lie Just ahead, will
certainly give our commanders some
idea Of just how much softening up the
Japanese are going to need.
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