davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-01-25

The War Department made pub
lie today the names OF Michigan
soldiers killed in action. The cas-
ualties announced occurred in the
European area.
Avery, Cpl. Herman W.-Mrs.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-01-25

"A pint OF blood can save a
life. Call Red Cross NOW for
your appointment"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Decisions al YaIta
Attacked by Wheeler

BY the Associated Press.
Senator Wheeler, Democrat, of
Montana declared last night that
the Big Three decisions at Yalta
constituted "a shocking violation of
the principles of the Atlantic Char
ter"
He spoke of the cynical partition
of Poland" the betrayal of Yugo-
slavia' and said the Roosevelt
Churchill-Stalin promise of free
elections for liberated peoples is
''just a mockery"
The Montanan. frequent critic Of
administration policies, voiced his
criticism in a speech over CHS.
THE agreement at Yalta by the
Big Three that their decisions will
not be permitted discussion at the
United Nations conference in San
Francisco compels me to warn the
American people," Senator Wheeler
said, that the Dumbarton Oaks
proposals-as they now stand-rep-
resent nothing more than an inter-
national straightjacket-the blue
print of which was drawn up be-
hind the scenes of Moscow, Tehe-
ran and Yalta"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
.S4O0 Reward Offered
In Trailer Staying

A reward of $500 for information
leading to the arrest of the slayer
of slayers of Edward Barker, IS,
and Pany Casbarian, So, was an
nounced today by Maj. Edward j.
Kelly, chief of police. The men
were slain in a trailer last Friday
night.
Announcement of the reward
came after Capt. Clyde N. Strang,
acting chief of detectives, admitted
that questioning of business asso-
ciates and acquaintance of the two
men had produced no clues.
The gagged and bound bodies of
the men were found in the trailer
Office of Mr.. Barker's used-car lot,
1902 Fourteenth street NV, Friday
evening after Mr. Barker had failed
to keep a dinner engagement. Both
had been shot twice through the
head.
The gun has not been recovered,
nor have the diamond ring and the
watch, stolen from Mr.. Barker the
night of the murder police said A
large sum of money is believed to
have been taken from Mr.. Barker'S
body also.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Bad Weather Marked
China Coast Raids

The carrier strikes against Japa-
nese shipping and in the China Sea
and shore installations on the China
coast were carried out in some of the
"dirtiest" weather ever experienced
by the American sea and air forces,
Comdr. Edward A. Hannegan, execu-
tive officer on one OF the carriers
participating in the strike, said
yesterday.
Comdr. Hannegan, a native Wash
ingtonian, now lives at 926 South
Twenty-sixth street, Arlington. He
is home on leave after having
participated in practically all of the
carrier actions from the Marshall
Islands pre-invasion strikes down
to the sweep through the China Sea.
During the China Sea sweep, he
said. the vessels ran into very heavy
weather, during which the ships
rolled heavily, making it difficult
for the pilots to land after carrying
out their missions. Many of them
landed on the rolling decks with
planes that had holes in their wings,
fiat tires, and with sometimes only
one wheel.
Many times squadron sent out
to blow up certain enemy targets
would be- followed by another, the
idea being one-two punch. On
many occasions, however, the second
group would find the target destroy
ed by their predecessors and would
ask for new targets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
80 Men Report Today
For Military Induction

Thirty-eigh Washington men
have been ordered to report for in
duction into the armed forces to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
School 10 Reward
p.4.'
Is Supertroopers.

Kingsman School today cited is
of its Papertroopers for having
reached Supertrooper rank by ex-
ceeding 1000 pounds each in the
collection of old newspapers and
magazines in The Evening Star-PTA
Salvage-for- Victory program.
Top trooper was Richard Myers
with $500 pounds. The others were
John Crandall, Norman Hall, Rob-
ert Byrne, Ann Essex, Earl Simp-
son, Allen Harding, Ruth Moreland,
Joseph Zirello, Jean johnson, Dom
aid Williams, Arthur Smithwick,
Helen Davis, Gage Moore, King
Moore and Virginia Miles.
These Supertroopers will receive
the War Production Board Certif1-
cate of Merit and The Evening Star
PTA service ribbon.
Yesterdays collection totaled 49,
870 pounds, bringing the total OF
the campaign to 11,l71.139 pounds.
Collections tomorrow in the fourth
district together with the leaders
will be as follows:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Denim 0veraIIs Missing
From Mail Order Listinqs

Denim overalls are not offered in
the 1945 catalogues of the two larg-
est mail order houses, the Farmers
Union today pointed out to once
of Price Administration and War
Production Board as evidence of the
failure of their joint textile and
clothing program.
These same catalogues advertise
great variety of Stacks and other
sports Clothes said Russell Smith,
legislative secretary Of the Farmers
Union, in letter to the heads of
the two agencies.
In the midst of the grimmest
war in history, when the Govern
ment is calling on farm people and
Others for greater and greater sac
rifices, the situation pointed out by
these two catalogues strikes us as
disgraceful."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Mrs. Meyer Asks Interest
In Colored Veterans
By the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
BALTIMO r E, Feb. 28.-Mrs.
Eugene Meyer, wife of the publisher
of the Washington Post, declared
last night that "all friends of the
Negro must take a national and not
merely local interest in the problems
that will arise out of the return of
the Negro veteran"
Mrs. Meyer, in speech before the
Baltimore Urban League, added that
after the last war the Negro dis
appointed in the scarcity of jobs in
the South, began the first heavy
migration into the industrial centers
of the North.
Nothing would be more disastrous
to the Negroes development and the
country as whole if We allow this
to happen again." she saio.
Mrs. Meyer added that the white
citizen of the United States faced a
test of character in meeting the
challenge" of the returning Negro
war veteran. q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Survivor Says 800 Died
In Sinking Of Juneau

BY the Associated Press.
BOSTON, Feb. 28-One of the 10
survivors of the sinking of the
cruiser Juneau off Guadalcanal in
1912 has disclosed for the first
time that approximately 300 men,
including the five Sullivan brothers,
were lost when the craft went down.
Gunners Mate Allen Heyn, a ma
tive of Washington, told a press
conference that George Sullivan,
eldest of the brothers, chung wound
ed to life raft for five days before
he disappeared one night.
AS each of dozen men reached
the raft in a rough sea, Mr.. Heyn
said the eldest Sullivan would ask
If they had seen any of his brothers
None had
Il think they must have died in
the explosion" Mr.. Heyn said.
Mr.. Heyn joined the submarine
forces about five months after his
rescue and expects to return to
undersea duty after completing his
current tour Of war plants.
Gunner's Mate Heyn spent five
months in hospital recovering
from fractured skull and broken
right foot received in the sinking
OF the Juneau. He returned to
Washington after volunteering for
underseas duty. The Navy. has as
signed him to the Industrial In
centive Division and he has made
numerous speeches before groups
of. war workers throughout the
country. His home here is at l24l
Potomac avenue Sc.
Make the Sweet Bye and Bye"
the sweet here and now. Support
the Sixth War Loan drive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Back Pay Averages $1,000
For SO Liberated Army Nurses

homes in Eastern and Midwestern
States. They include:
First Its. Rita Palmer, Hampton,
N. H.; Phyllis Arnold, Minneapolis
and Corning, N. Y; Evelyn B. Whit
low, Leasburg, NJ c.; Eleanor Lee,
Laconing, Md: Kathryn Dollason,
Suffolk, Va; Anne B. Wurts, Leo
minister, Mass; Adele Foreman,
Bethlehem, Pa; Ethel Blaine,
Greensburg. Mo-; Helen Cassiani,
Bridgewater, Mass; Helen Gard
ner, Aberdeen, Ohio, and Ruby G.
Bradley, Spencer, w. Va.
Letters of commentator from
President Roosevelt and Gen.
Marshall have been received by the
women
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 28.-Ac-
cumulated pay checks for the So
Army nurses held prisoner three
years in the Philippines averaged
$500 apiece, before allotments to
families were deducted, records
show.
The highest ranking officers
check was for $4,000. But many
of the nurses, besides contributing
to families at home, also ordered
subtractions for War Bonds.
A first group of II of the nurses,
after a health check at Letterman
Hospital here. left by Army plane
yesterday for Washington and their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28

that Mr. Benny and Miss Livings-
ton gave him two diamond and gold
clips and one gold and diamond
bracelet In Cannes, France, In
August, 1887, to bring to the United
States for them.
He said he transported . gold
mesh bracelet for the Burns couple.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28

said he was acting for them when
he brought jewelry into this country
from abroad.
Chaperau seeks to recover from
them 1852. fine imposed on him
for failing to declare the jewelry.
Attorneys for the entertainers
said they would move today for dis
n1issal Of the complaint.
Chaperau said in the complaint
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-02-28
Benny and Burns Sued
For Smuggling Fine
RS the Associated Pres.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Feb. 28-Jack
Benny, Mary Livingston, George
Burns and Oracle Allen were named
yesterday in suits filed in Supreme
Court by Albert N. Chaperau, who
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
BY BAUK-IAGE

In my preceding column de.
scribed the state Of mind Of the mid.
dle-aged German who had been
anti-Nazi or at least had no con-
nections with the Nazi party. A
study Of the gestapo methods has
revealed that Il was planned def
nitely to destroy initiative and indi-
viduality. This has greatly compli-
Gated the work Of the American ad-
ministration Of occupied Germany.
AS I said. the gestapo made use
Of a definite system Of planned
terror"
II viii, realize. be somewhat diff
hcult for a person living in a demo
cratic country TO grasp the extent
to which such methods could be 'ap-
piled. First. we must realize that .
totalitarian government Is the abso-
lutte antithesis Of democracy. In
democracy the individual Is the
unit. The state exists for the individ-
ual Under Nazi-Fascist totalitarisn-
ism. it is not enough to say that the
individual exists for the state. The
individual as a concept does not
exist at all. The Fascist conception
of the state" said Mussolini, ''is all
embracing; outside Of II no human
or spiritual values can exist. :"
II was the first task OF the Nazis
TO destroy this concept Of indi-
viduality. The terror was a part Of
the method EMPLOYED.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
Purpose Was to Break
Will to Resist

Bruno Bethlehem. author Of MY
Life in Maxi Concentration Camps"
testifies TO the purpose Of the camps
and the achievement Of this purpose
by the gestapo from his own expert.
ences. He says that among the aims
were these:
/. To break the prisoners as indi-
viduals and convert them into docile
masses from which no individual or
group act Of resistance could arise.
2. To spread terror among the
rest Of the population by:
a. Using the prisoners as hos
tages;
b. Demonstrating to them what
happened to those who oppose
Maxi rulers.
3. To provide gestapo members
with training ground so they could:
a. Lose all human attitudes and
emotions;
b. Learn the most effective
ways Of breaking civilian re-
sistance.
4. To provide a laboratory in
which the gestapo could study the
effectiveness Of torture, minimum
nourishment and medical care. and
normal activities plus hard labor.
The general purpose. Of course.
was to create a civilian population
Of maximum benefit to the Maxi
state.
The authors study Of prisoners
conducted under the camp regime.
supplemented by q careful self
analysis, leads him to believe that
the camp treatment resulted in
either death or an adaptation to
camp life. The prisoner finally &C.
cepted his position and even came
to initiate the gestapo In manner
and conduct.
This seems a logical progression
when we know that the gestapo
themselves in their training were
submitted TO tortures almost equal to
those inflicted on the prisoners.
One of the Restapo games. the su-
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18

while the war with Japan contin.
ued.
That is the record. 1t may be at.
tackled as not perfect, as at times
and In places. wastetul. as expen.
sive. But -he fact stands that the
task set before this country was
first to convert from peace-time to
wartime production; secondly, to
produce vast quantities OF specified
and often absolutely novel com.
modities to satisfy unmeasured and
fantastic demands; thirdly, TO re-
convert quickly from wartime to
peace-time production with a mini.
mum OF unemployment and social
disturbance during the changeoyer
That task. American management
faced and carried through with as.
founding success so Ear. And dur.
Ing the whole OF this task, manage
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
THEY say

Berlin-President Truman, after
viewing the appalling destruction
OF Berlin: ut is a terrible thing
terrible thing for the German PEG.
pie, and you can see 1t in their
faces. 1t just shows what can hap.
pen to a people when one man over.
reaches himself"
Misunderstanding OF Agri.
culture Clinton P. Anderson: "Our
aim is to choke off the black mar.
ket which is draining our food sup
plies away from legitimate trade
channels"
Guam-Fleet Admiral Chester
W. NimitZ: THE 16-inch guns OF
our battleships, opening fire on in.
dustrial targets on Honshu and
Kokkaido, also opened an era in
which we dominate the Pacific
Ocean approaches to Japan and
when necessary the air above
Japan"
Washington-Vice Admiral Marc
A. Mitscher. famed commander OF
task force IS: People don't real
ize that the japanese are going
much further than the Germans.
They have basic ideas OF self-sacri.
flee for the Emperor. and this has
been going on for 1000 years. The
Germans had that idea for Hitler
but it lasted only Is years"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
Management
These DaysSMHeggis o Io 9s yozohsR1

toremen in a specific company be.
cause what needs to be defined Is
the role OF the foreman: is he part
Of the labor force or is he part OF
management?
II the foreman Is TO be regarded
as part OF the labor force. then
American industry must be reor-
ganized from the bottom up. be-
cause at some point management
begins. additionally. II begins az
the various grades OF toremen and
moves through five or six levels to
supervision. II that has been the
wrong way to organize. then the
foreman's managerial duties should
be taken from him. Then manage
ment begins elsewhere-gets q
new name. a new title, a new dis
tribution OF duties.
to be criticized, It must be done
against the facts OF American pro-
duction which offers as evidence
its astounding flexibility and cap.
acity during this war when II has
outclassed both In quality and
quantity every industrial country
in the world. Only one country.
Germany, contested this primacy
and Germany lost. Starting in 1888
at scratch, with practically no war
industries, the United States has
been able to mobilize an industrial
capacity which supplied not only
itself but Soviet Russia, Great Brit.
ain. China, and France with all the
necessities OF war. This was ac-
complished with an astonishing
supply to the American civilian
population and with a measure OF
supply to the civilian population OF
Great Britain and Soviet Russia.
And no sooner was the war with
Germany declared over than the
amount OF goods available to Amer
lean civilians was actually In
creased and automobiles, for civil
ian use were put into production
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18

one organization or another. This
was done as a threat against that
whole particular group.
The effect on a group was some
what the same. though in a lesser
degree, as the effect on a family.
The effect on the families Of the
prisoners. Of course. was marked.
At frst a great deal Of money was
spent In attempting to get the pris-
oner released. The gestapo always
replied that II was the prisoners
own fault that he was imprisoned.
Then members Of the family began
to find II hard to get jobs. children
had trouble at school; poor relief
was denied. Always the terror hung
over them. The friends and relatives
Of q prisoner were considered sus-
poets. So the influence Of the camp
reached out over the whole group.
As the Nazi regime became more
harsh and especially latterly. when
world resentment increased against
II even before the war. many more
Germans. passive before. became
openly dissatisfied and critical II
was impossible to imprison them all
without interfering with the flnc.
tioning Of the country's economy.
Then group arrests increased.
People In lots Of q hundred or so
from one profession. or trade. or af-
nliated body. would be jailed. Thus
the effect of the terror was multi
piled. This was the manner In which
the entire population Of the country
was enchanted.
General Mcclure recognizes how
crushing has been the effect Of
planned terror" but doubt il the
general public has any realization
Of Its magnitude. I'VE shall often
have to 60 far out Of our way" says
the general, to help certain in.
dividuals who have not had an easy
life these last IL years and more.
men whose broken spirits may well
need our support and guidance to
return to the ways Of active per-
sonal democratic initiative"
II took centuries TO develop human
dignity. but II took only a few
months in a Nazi concentration
camp to destroy It.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
Management

II does not matter whether the
economy OF a country is capitals.
tic or socialistic; II there Is to be
production there must be manage
ment. The labor force works &C.
cording to instructions; manage
ment works at thinking. planning.
supervision. direction. when indus.
try was small In production and
the numbers employed. there was
never any question as to what was
management and what was labor.
The owner OF an enterprise man
aged; his employees labored.
The distinction is no longer alto
gether clear. In fact, one OF the
principal questions that manage.
ment, government agencies and la.
Dor unions face Is precisely at what
point does management begin. A
national union OF foremen has been
organized and is applying to the
NLRB for the right to represent
foremen for purposes OF collective
bargaining in many industries.
Some companies have already
signed up with this foreman's
union, the principal one being the
Ford Company.
This Is essentially not q question
Of collective bargaining. 1t is not a
question OF the closed shop, of the
right OF unions to exist. II is a
question OF the technique OF man
agement. What the NLRB should
settle is not whether a particular
union should represent a group Of
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-18
Many We're Killed,
Or Were Suicides

Bettslheim describes the three
stages through which the prison
ers passed. The hrst 10 the arrest:
the second Is transportation 10 the
camp. which Is the hardest to bear,
he says. The last II prison life;
after q period Of transition during
which. unless the prisoner either re-
sists physically and Is murdered or
resists introspectively and commits
suicide. he Is gradually Changed
until he reaches the "old prisoner
stage. Then bis previous nature ID
eradicated. his individuality lost
and his subsection complete.
The initial shock was devasts TING
especially to q German. accustomed
as he was to processes logically con-
trolled by law and order. To be de-
prived suddenly Of ones civil rights
with no recourse. came as a severe
blow to the prisoners mentality.
The transportation to the camp
and the initiation into II frequently
Is the nrst experience Of physical
and psychological torture which the
prisoner has ever experienced.
Corporal punishment. says Bettel-
helm. describing his own observa-
tons. consisted Of whipping. kick
ing. shaping. intermingled with
shooting and wounding with the
bayonet. Then. there were tortures,
the obvious goal Of which was sx-
trsme exhaustion. For Instance"
he says, the prisoners were forced
to stare for hours into glaring lights,
to kneel for hours, and 80 on. From
time to time q prisoner got killed:
no prisoner was permitted to take
care Of his or another's wounds. The
purpose Of the tortures was to
break the resistance Of the pris-
oners. and to assure the guard that
they were really superior to them"
Many were killed IN this process.
But those who lived. according TO
the author. were conditioned to the
point where what followed-more
beatings, more indisnites. little
food. exposure and brutally hard
work-was not a. bad a. the initial
experience.
For the rest, II was q slow but sure
process Of degeneration Of body.
mind and soul.
One thing which has surprised the
Americans In occupied Germany IL
the tendency Of the German people
to deny that they knew the extent Of
the atrocities which were perpe-
trated in the camps or to appear 70
ignore their existence.
This Is a result Of a planned e.
feet Of the camp.