davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

porus, the eastern gate of the OAR
danelles-Sea of Marmara -Bosporus wa
ter corridor-generally known as "the
Straits"-that cuts across the land
bridge to join the two busy seas.
Both the Straits and the land bridge
to their north have been Turkish for
nearly 500 years. But the succession of
wars, treaties, conventions and agree
ments which have threatened or af-
fected control of the Straits has seemed
amending, with Russia almost always
a participant.
Russia's Water Gate
No other power has so genuine a
concern in Turkeys European corner.
The 180-mile Straits route is Russis's
one practical water gate to the warm
seas of world trade. Persian Gulf and
Murmansk routes were wartime make
shifts, opened because of neutral Tur-
keys firm refusal to open the Straits
to the United Nations until the final
months Of the European war. Famed
by realities of World War II, the eternal
Straits question flares anew.
Examination of a map of the Straits
will show they are double doors with
vestibule between. The southwestern
door is the 40-mile-long Strait of OAR
danelles, the Hllespont Of the ancients,
varying from more than to less than
l mile in width Leander of Greek
legend swan it nightly to keep his trysts
with Hero. Walled Troy, stormed by
Agamemnon IL centuries before the
Christian era, once dominated Its
southern entrance. Xerxes Of Persia
in 480 BIC. led an army into Europe,
and Alexander the Great of Macedon
$50 years later swept into asia, each
by building bridge Of boats across
this part Of the Straits.
The vestibule Is the Sea of Marmara,
about 125 miles across between the ports
Of Gelibolu (Gallipoli Of World War I
fame) and Istanbul. Named with the
Greek word for rock, this salty lake be-
tween historic straits is studded with
rocky islands. It is little more than
half Is large a. Lake Ontario, smallest
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25
BY Rudolph Kaufman II

On October %, 1916, Princeton Uni
versity, fourth institution of higher
learning founded in the American Colo
MES, will be 200 years old.
Its bicentennial will be observed with
an elaborate program starting next
September and continuing until June,
1s47.
The bicentennial program, product of
more than years work by special
committee headed by Walter E. Hope of
New York, charter trustee, was made
public recently by DR.. Harold w. Dodds,
president of the university, at the
Princeton Club of New York.
The major part of the nine-month
celebration will consist of conferences
on various fields of learning, each OF
which will be attended by about 100
scholars of worldwide prominence in
their fields. They are designed to fur
nish an approach to the problems of
society in the postwar world.
DIR. Dodds said in announcing the
program he hoped that out of the con-
ferences would come reappraisal and
revaluation of the liberal arts mot as
something for the rich and well-born
to enjoy but as subject matter of vital
importance to the world"
Glass Reunions
Start of the program will coincide
with the opening of the university next
fall on September %. At that time re-
turning classes will hold reunions and
on that day the presidents or repre-
sentatives of all colleges and universe
ties founded by Princeton graduates
will present their greetings at special
ceremony.
Between the opening date of the uni
versity and charter day, October %, the
first six of the bicentennial conferences
will be held
Charter day will be celebrated by an
academic convocation and procession,
an address by DR.. Dodds and other ad-
dresses by noted scholars attending con-
ferences at the time.
1t was on October %, 1746, that John
Hamilton, Colonial Governor of New
Jersey, granted a charter for the Col
lege of New Jersey, later to become
Princeton University. 1t was not until
May, 1747, however, that the first under
graduates reported to the Rev. Jona-
than Dickinson in Elizabeth. N. j., thus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25
Orphan Areas of Europe
". The Dardanelles

BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
The history of 80 centuries bristles
with proof of the strategic importance
of the land and waters surrounding
Istanbul, as old Constantinople (and
older Byzantium) is now known. To-
day Istanbul stands undimmed as the
key city of key area in the CONNER
cial and military schemes of world
powers.
Grown to port-metropolis of nearly
a million people. Istanbul lies at the
crossroads of two historic routes OF
trade and conquest. The city is in
Turkish Thrace, Turkeys tiny corner
of Southeastern Europe, the land bridge
that joins Europe to Asia between the
Black Sea and the AEGEAN arm of the
Moiterranean. And il lies on the Bos-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

Britain led those of Is or more nations
represented in Straits shipping. Turk
ish vessels carried only tiny fraction
Of the tonnage.
Fight for the Straits
In the long heyoay of the Ottoman
Empire, the word of the Sultans was
law IN the Straits. AS that empire de.
clined, Great Britain and Russia en-
tered into contest to keep control Of
the Straits from each others hands.
The Crimean War of 1s54-1s56 was one
of the military phases of the contest.
BY 1914 German power in Europe so
threatened the balance that World War
found Great Britain and Russia allies.
Through nine months of 1915 the Turks,
under German direction, fought of al.
lied attacks on the billy Gallipoli PEN
insula. More than 100000 Allied SOL
diers died beside the Dardanelles in the
vain effort to open the Straits to Russia
and Romania. In the opinion of Brit.
aims Lloyd George, the failure post.
poned Allied victory in the war for
probably two years.
Thrace
Thrace, Southeastern portion Of Eu.
ropes Balkan Peninsula, is divided
among Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey.
The very fact that Greece and Turkey,
meeting in q common border, shut
Bulgaria of from direct access to the
Mediterranean, creates one phase Of
the regions complex political problem.
Turkish Thrace, the one-thirtieth Of
Turkey that lies in Europe, is smaller
than Maryland. Holding Istanbul ande
vital stretch Of the main trunk rail
line connecting Western Europe with
Baghdad, it accounts for one-tenth Of
Turkeys population and about four
fifths Of its total public revenue. It
reaches northwest from Istanbul 100
miles across land that has been i'm.
portant throughout history in commerce
and wars to Edirne or Adrinople. Like
Constantinople. Adrinole was once q
capital Of the powerful empire Of the
Turks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

of North Americas Great Lakes.
The northeastern or Black Sea door
is the Bosporus, 10 miles long and
from one-haf mile to IL miles in width.
The harbor waters of Istanbul at its
southern Gnner) end have long been
known as the Golden Horn. Swift cur
rents churn the curving course of the
Bosporus; medieval forts and castles,
red-roofed villages line its shores.
Only through the Straits can ships
reach the grain ports of the Ukraine, oil
Of the Caucasus piped from Baku to
Batumi the oil and lumber ports Of
Romania and the lower Danube, Tur-
keys tobacco port of Samsun, rug port
Of Trabzon (Trebizon6 and varied
trade OF Istanbul. In normal prewar
years the flags of Russia and Great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

otu NuSSuU -NQSSlU HQL,
10here the Continental Con-
greSS sat in the dark days of
the American Revolution,
1Ohere graduating classes in
aohite beer suits sing the
"Steps Song" and which more
than any other building epito-
mises Princeton past and pres
ent. The dboUe is q photograph
OF an etching by Louis Orr.
White House and long list of men into
the world to become prominent in their
chosen field.
During the Civil War came sad part
ing for its undergraduates as nearly
half were from the South.
In 1869 Princeton and Rutgers played
the first game of intercollegiate football
and until the powerful teams of today's
larger institutions took the lead it
played major role in the development
of the game.
Princeton has for years chung to the
liberal arts type of educational system
and was one of the last universities in
this country to abandon groundwork in
the classics as prerequisite to entrance.
Today it continues to place its main
emphasis on liberal rather than pro-
fessional or vocational type Of educa-
ton.
Commencement 1947
Alumni day, which customarily falls
on Washington's Birthday will be OBJ
served in 1s47 on far more extensive
scale than usual and the same will be
true of commencement exercises in
June 1947.
The latter will include a pageant in
Palmer Stadium portrayng aspects OF
Princeton's past and possible future.
Chapel services will commemorate those
Princetonians who died in the war.
AS the final event of the bicentennial
year delegates from colleges, UNIVERSE
ties and learned societies throughout the
world will present their credentials to
Princeton June 16, 1947. The new Dill
Ion gymnasium, replacing one which
burned to the ground several years ago,
will be dedicated and an official dinner
for delegates to the ceremonies will take
place. Speeches at the dinner will be
broadcast over Nationwide hookup
and regional alumni dinners will be
held simultaneously.
The New Library
Final convocation of the bicentennial
observance will take place June II with
addresses by DR.. Dodds and distinguished
guests and delegates.
At some point during the bicentennial
period ceremonies will take place in
connection with Princeton's new library,
funds for which have been contributed
by alumni and friends of the university.
Plans for this, however, can only be
made when it is known to what stage
construction will be completed.
There will be Is conferences Of schol-
ars during the bicentennial observance.
Instead Of following the customary pro-
cedure Of having a few individuals
present formal statements of their views,
the meetings will be organized to permit
informal exchange of ideas between
scholars in kindred fields.
Town Meeting Pattern
This "preceptorial" method,s which
follows forum or town meeting pat
tern, was introduced by woodrow Wilson
at Princeton 40 years ago and has
been used as classroom technique ever
since. It has been widely copied by
other institutions.
Conference subjects will be as follows:
/. 1.-THE Impact Of Discovery In the
Physical Sciences"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

The Sea OF Marmara is the vebe Straits of the Bos
por and the Dardenees the t0o doors the natural
route connecting the Black Sea Dth aegean arm of the
Mediterranean (oer e northeastern corner of
Turkey Diuiding Europe from ASIA "the Straits Russas
practical 10ate the vord trade Turkish
500 years. they haze constantly figured European and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25
Northern Liberty Market


Northern Liberty Market
OF course, the Riggs Market, being one
of the smaller markets of the city,
never had the prominence held by the
Center Market, the original Northern
Libert Market and similar emporiums
of Washington. With the Riggs and the
Center Markets, ample time was given
the merchants to secure stands else
where, but with the Northern Liberty,
although the occupants did receive suf-
ficient warning that the structure which
stood in Mount Vernon Square, where is
now the central headquarters of the
Washington Public Library, was to be
removed. yet they remained up to the
last minute, hoping against hope that
the order for its removal would be re-
voked or delayed by court action. But
in this belief they were mistaken, for
Alexander r. Shepherd, who was then
vice president of the Board of Public
Works, and a man Of dynamic force,
moved quickly when he had decided to
perform any imperative duty.
But it would be unreasonable to say
that he always had things his own
way, for naturally he did not. Every
move he made, though, 1t would seem,
some one had In mind the injunction
idea, and it just kept him busy formu-
lating plans to evade the service of
court papers upon himself, which would
tie his hands right in the middle OF
some big and worthy project.
Nevertheless, he proceeded to remove
the market buildings on the evening
of September 8. 1872, for although the
Board of Public Works did not last but
a few years, it surely accomplished a
whole lot while it vas in existence and
had the power to function in the man
ner it wished to.
When first erected, in 1916, the mar
ket consisted of but one small brick
structure on the west side of Seventh
street between K street and Mount
Vernon place. but soon afterward it
was enlarged by the addition of a SINH
lar one-story brick building on the
south side, and did duty as the market
place for the northern section of the
city till it was RACED 26 years later,
although places were provided for the
merchants in temporary structures
erected on market site at the north
west corner of Seventh and o streets,
which the local government had re-
Gently acquired, this being in connection
with an elaborate plan to provide mar
ket houses in various parts of the city,
to carry out, which the Legislature had
authorized, bond issue of $500 900, Of
which, but $4,000 was issued. How
ever. land was bought at the south
east corner of Twenty-first and K
streets, where market house was be-
gun in 1872, and another market was
created on leased ground on H street
between Second and Third streets NE.
A Falling Brick Wall
But naturally, the merchants did not
care to leave their stands, where they
had an established trade, for a place
elsewhere, which could be only specu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

2. "The Chemistry and Physiology Of
Growth"
8, Engineering and Human Affairs"
4. THE Evolution of Social Institu-
tons in America
5. The Development Of International
Society"
6. THE Humanistic Tendency in the
Century Ahead"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

opening the fourth college in the Ameri-
can Colonies.
Since that time Princeton has played
historic role in the development Of the
United States The Continental Con-
gress sat for a time in Nassau Hall. 1t
was the scene of Revolutionary battles.
Later it sent James Madison to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-11-25

the lieutenant, the prisoners broke down
and at last confessed, with the result
that Johnson, one Of the criminals, was
used as States witness, Babe Bedford
and Edward Queenan were duly ex-
ecuted, and Sandy Pinn was sent to
prison for life, where he later died with
tuberculosis. Johnson's liberty was a
short one, since he later paid the SUI
preme penalty for subsequent murder
he committed elsewhere.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09

AnVERrfsEMENT
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Services Sunday,
For Il. Jameson
Obituary

Nemaua mass will be held ~
II a. m SUNDAY az S. Joseph +,
Episcopal Church. for It. A.
Doucla, Jameson lr. 2e killed
IN action near Aachen Germany
Dec
Tr Was p graduate n Northern
FFfi---- ------ zrd Washington 7Ud
Lee University Ho received z
masters degree from Columbia
Uu.yrr>r, IIc entered tho Scry
icc JuIy 1871 and was assigned
overseas last October
Survivors arc ms widow MARY
Ellen Shaw Jameson. and his
parents Mr. u-- MR. A. Douglas
Jameson ST. OF 9l0 Taylor
The Rcr William {. HamU
rector Of ~ Joseph Church. viii
Official,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
FIaHnES II
Rule. Dies

The merchant marine today re.
ported 'he death by drowning Of
a Dctro'cr who insisted on JOIN
ing a branch Of The service even
though army doctors had claSSl-
fed him AZ
Tie was Seymour ShraEor 10.
Of 22S0 Euclid who drowned yes
terday near LudinGton when he
fell from a ferry slip
Heartbroken. the boys mother,
Mrs. Minnie Shrager. told how
the army had rejected him.
when the army put him In
AZ because NJ his eyes he was
terribly sad" she said ~ told
him he could help ny staying In
medical school or getting n job.
But, no. he had 10 do the best
ne could"
In addition 70 his mother,
Shraeer is survived by his father,
julius. and two sisters. Mrs. Betty
AronoG and Mrs Toby Davis.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Rd(etrdCk P lea
Held Up Week

Circuit Judge Guy. A. Miller
today adjourned until next Thurs
day his hearing Of Injunction pro-
ceedingS through which neiGhbor-
ING property owners seek 10 close
the Fair Grounds racetrack as a
public nuisance.
The delay was ordered because
former Atty. Gen. Herbert j.
Rushton Of Escansba, called as a
witness. said II would be- difficult
for him 70 get TO Detroit immedi-
ately from his Upper Peninsula
home
In deciding upon a weeks adj
journment. the court expressed
the belief that by next Thursday
books and records of the Detroit
Racing Association now in the
possession Of tho Carr-Sigler
grand Jury Al Lansing would he
available. Testimony on these
records will be taken here.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
NDVERTIsEAif
Poor Digestion? % Z :.
headachy? 90
Sour or Upset? 90
Iired.listIess? 90

DO you feel headachy and upset due 10
poorly digested food? To feel cheerful
and happy again your food must be
digested properly.
Each day, Nature must produce about
tve pihts Of vital digestive juice 10
help digest your food. II Nature fails,
your food may remain undigested-
leaving you headachy and irritable.
Therefore, you must increase the flow
OF this digestive juice. Carriers Little
Liver Pills increase this flow quickly
often in as little as 80 minutes. And,
you re on the road TO feeling better.
Don't depend on artificial aids 20
eounteract indigestion-when Carriers
Little Liver Pills aid digestion after Ma
lures own order. Take Carter's Little
Liver Pills as directed. Get them at any
drugstore. Only 25s.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Tito Pins Hope on Big )
For End 10 Horrors

NEW YORK, Feb s ms
Marshal Tito said that the unity
Of the United states. the Soviet
Union and Great Britain was the
best guarantee O. the peoples Of
the werld that Nazi horrors Will
never again ho repeated
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09

Act now Tor quick relief from tnr.
ture OF piles. Don't wait another day
but apply PeteFseR,s Ointment ut
once, the cooling, soothing. astrjn.
gent formula that has brought JOY.
full relief to thousands for 40 years.
Relieves itching promptly. All
druggists have Peterson's Ointment,
s5e box, or soc in tube with ap.
plicator. Money cheerfully re.
funded II net delighted.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Admits Assault

Mrs Rega Lockett Of SIS Yea
mans was placed on go days pro-
baton today after she pleaded
guilty In Hamtramck 10 striking
Miss Clara Knuth, assistant prin-
clpal of Dickinson School. Mrs.
Lockctt asserted The teacher had
struck her l0-ycar-oid son, John.
Order the United States War
Savings Stamps from your De
trOit Times carrier.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Snow Shovelinq Fatal

Henry Danwcll. Is, Of Route !,
Windsor died Of A heart attack
today while shovelng snow from
the walks of a relative. Mrs. Ida
Croul of 2Sl5 BcwiCk
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-02-09
Z Killed in Mine Blast

SALIVA, Pa, Feb s HNS)-
Two men were killed today in a
gas explosion IN the Cochran
Coal Company'S pit mine near
Salina, state police reported.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1945-02-02
$12.75 $15.95

Mink Modes Juniors Here Exclusively
Evening star., 1945-01-03

the issue Of whether 1t will accept
jurisdiction in the litigation, in
which Georgia also asks approxi-
mately 41l,0o0,000 in damages.
Gov. Ellis Arnall Of Georgia told
the Supreme Court yesterday that
the carriers hare "resorted to con-
spiracy and coercion to prevent
lower rates. Counsel for the carriers
denied the accusation and declared
they are required by law to fix
Joint rates and file them with the
lICC.
Sidney s. Alderman, general coun-
sci for the Southern Railway, as
serted, "The only issue in this case
Is whether the court has jurisdic-
ton, and We do not believe 1t has. .
Vice President Accuses Rails.
The Justice Department has In
tervened in the case, asking that the
suit be heard.
In . complementary move, the
department, which charges that
West and South have suffered by
"collusive" rate making on the rail-
roads, some time ago filed an anti
trust action against the Western
carriers in an attempt to force
abandonment OF their rate-making
machinery.
| Vice President Wallace in several
speeches also has accused the rail-
roads Of handicapping both West
and South.
Mr.. Mahafie has been on the ICC
since 1880, when he was appointed
by President Hoover. For eight
years before that he was head OF
Evening star., 1945-01-03
Truck kHitsHouse
Causing Window
ToFoH on Woman

A strange series Of events last
night brought the window sash
of her bedroom down on the back
of Mrs. Julia Frye, 40, OF 1887
Fourth street S.W, as she slept.
1t all began, police said, when
Clarence F. Wheeler. 81, colored
300 block M street S.W., drove of
in truck from the first block OF
Eighteenth street Sc.
AS Wheeler turned the corner at
Fourth and P streets S.W., police
added, the truck struck parked
auto and careened into tree.
Bounding of the tree, the truck
was said to have proceeded north
on Fourth street (on the wrong
side of the street, and smashed
into Mrs. Frye's house at 1887
Fourth street. The impact knocked
down a section of the outside wall
and the window sash. Mrs. Frye
was only slightly injured.
Wheeler was charged with leaving
the scene Of an accident and driv-
ing on the wrong side of the street.
Evening star., 1945-01-03

Holland was reported affected by
fumes from a defective furnace f1ue
The baby, daughter of Mrs. Fred
Holland, did not require hospital
care.
The flremen adjusted the furnace
but were recalled later when the
fumes persisted. On the second visit
they pulled the fire and forbade use
OF the furnace until repairs are
made. None of the IL other occu-
pants of the building needed med
ical attention.
An icy sidewalk accounted for
one injury. Mrs. Lillian Waldfogel,
"a, of 1920 First place NE, is in
Garfield Hospital suffering from a
wrenched back after falling near her
home last night.
Evening star., 1945-01-03
Farm Labor
Continued From First Page

mands. Moreover, these older men
would not meet the expressed needs
of the Army and Navy.
Tydings Views Cited.
THE War Food administrator. Mr.
Jones, has advised me that although
We still need all of the food we can
raise, the loss of production through
the induction into the armed serv-
ices of the physically qualified men
in this 1925 age group who do not
clearly fall within the scope of the
Tyding's amendment, should not re-
suit in a critical condition.
The Tyding's amendment to the
Selective Serevice Act does not give
the agricultural worker absolute
exemption from selective service
1t was not so intended. In asking
Congress to adopt this amendment
Senator Tydings said All my amend
ment seeks to do is to provide that
whenever person is employed
continuously in good faith in the
production of food, and taking him
of the farm would leave a large
section of land uncultivated. and
there is no replacement, he shall be
deferred upon those facts until g
replacement can be found
Il have reported these facts to the
President. He has found that the
further deferment of all men now
deferred in the Is through 25 age
group because of agricultural occu-
patton is not as essential to the best
interest of our war effort as is the
urgent and more essential need oj
the Army and Navy for young men
The President feels in view of ex-
listing conditions, agriculture, like
our other war industries, can. with
few exceptions. be carried on b,
those in the older age groups.
THE President has authorized me
to ask you take such action in con.
nection with the administration o1
the Tydings amendment as may bt
necessary to provide to the full ex.
tent permitted by law for the re.
classification and induction of thu
men agriculturally deferred in tht
age group Is through 25."