davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-19

There is somewhat ridiculous hys-
terra going on. obscuring quiet intelli-
gence. It arises from a combination of
pessimism and utopianism We are told.
in short. that either we shall have
world superstate or World War III. OBJ
viously, World War III is to be between
the 'Anglo-American world and the So
Wet Union. Mrs. Roosevelt said the
other day that, If we didn't get on with
other nations, the first atomic bomb in
the next war would fall on the United
States. Why, necessarily?
Numerous confidential conferences
are going on One last month at the
University of Chicago. participated in
by atomic scientists and politicians, ap-
parently resulted in the either-or out
look Another in Dublin, N. H., termi-
mated this week in the same way. And
the game of atom, atom, who's got the
atom, goes on interminably
Everybody can, or will, have the great
secret. But why must be assume that
it will be used to start another war?
The truth is, think, that no govern
ment in the world will dare. in any
near future, to start war. because of
factor not counted by the scientists
or politicians-the people.
Even with atomic bombs you cannot
win war without disciplined. enthusi-
astic armies. Armies are composed of
men. And men, nowhere in the world.
are willing to fight another war In this
generation.
At the present, victorious nations are
overreaching themselves and are thereby
bringing about condition of appalling
chaos in the countries which they oc-
cupy This chaos inevitably ricochets
upon themselves
The Russian situation is neither
enviable nor strong. 1t deteriorates
daily. as even meager reports show. The
Russian armies. after three and a half
years of most brutal and cruel warfare.
are out OF hand in the territories they
occupy, and such Russian officers as are
not also out of hand are in despair
To compensate for their suffering
Russian soldiers have been encouraged
to loot as a policy. They rape without
a policy. All armies loot and rape: but
"a strong discipline keeps this horrid ac-
compartment and aftermath of war
within some bounds When discipline
breaks down. armies cease to be armies
and become bands. But bands are mos
unreliable as instruments of a state In
war.
policy of unrestricted revenge breaks
down the morale of the victors. 1t is a dis
integrating factor. If you sow to the
wind you reap the whirlwind-in the
Goth century as in Biblical times.
This is obvious in Eastern Europe. and
its limits are not yet set.
The Russian-sponsored governments
OF Poland. Yugoslavia and Hungary
Evening star., 1945-10-19

the agencies created by the Charter have
even begun to function, before they have
mad any sort of tryout, would merely be
to weaken public confidence in the
United Nations Organization at the very
moment when it needs the maximum of
confidence and support from all the
peoples of the world.
To go no farther than our own country
just ask your Congressman what
chance proposal for "A world govern
ment would have, right now, If presented
to the Congress of the United States.
The job is not to make something
new and wonderful. The job is to make
the international security organization
30 other nations are already pledged, do
the work for which it was designed.
X X +
I once heard certain general highly
praised by his superior. HE doesn't waste
time telling me that he can't accomplish
his mission unless give him such-and-
SUCH" Said the superior, He gets the
job done with what he has. He makes DO"
There are certain things we can do
now, with what we have. There are
certain things we should not try to do
until We have facts on which we can
base intelligent decisions We have two
basic problems: To establish workable
system Of world security, and to survive
while we are doing 1t.
The lessons Of history suggest that
human beings will make durable progress
forward and upward in the future, as in
the past, only In one way Step BY
painful step.
Copyright. ls45)
Evening star., 1945-10-19
This Changing World
BY Constantine Br0tOn

With typical Latin subtlety, President
Rios Of Chile advised the American peo-
pie last Wednesday to refrain from in
terfering in the domestic affairs of the
South American republics. Discussing
the Argentine situation, he said the
Argentine government was very sick
man." indeed, and had better be left
alone to seek Its own salvation.
All reports from South America indi-
cate that there is growing opposition
to Americas so-called firm policy"
against "fascism" in that area. Fascism,
NaziiSm and all other forms of totali-
tarianism are repugnant to democracies
All those who are even slightly familiar
with the mentality of the people in the
Latin American republics realize that
their form of democracy is different
from that in the United States. Many
of these governments are "authori-
tartan" but they have one thing in COM
mon with the other democracies; their
authoritarianism is based on popular
approval.
The most important feature Of the
good neighbor policy inaugurated by
President Roosevelt was that this coun-
try would not intervene in the domestic
south. In the event any of them be-
came threat to his neighbors, what
ever intervention might be regarded
necessary would be taken in agreement
with the other members of the pam
American group.
There Is something more than obscure
In the State Departments handling of
the Argentine situation. The depart
ment and It's representatives in Buenos
Aires gave the distinct impression of
having acted singlehandedly in contrac-
diction to the fundamentals of the good
neighbor policy. So far as the public is
concerned, there have been no indica-
tions that Argentina's neighbors have
associated themselves in the violent
denunciation of the authoritarian Far
rell-Peron regime. Quite the contrary.
The governments of the largest South
American republics such as Brazil and
Chile, with which we have the most in
innate ties of friendship, have advised
us quietly not to rush matters.
They have not expressed themselves
in loud manner, but it is known that
had they felt differently the Chapul-
tepec Conference would not have been
the great success it appeared to be.
Moreover, at San Francisco we would
not have had the complete backing of
the Latin American republics when the
question of admitting Argentina to the
United Nations assembly came up for
discussion.
Senator's Connally and Vandenberg,
who were among the principal American
delegates at San Francisco, supported
unequivocally the admission of Argen-
Evening star., 1945-10-19
Peron Comes Back

The sudden comeback of Colonel
Juan D. Peron is, for the outer world.
an astounding event. Only last week
he was forced to resign the office of
vice president and other cabinet
posts as a result of what appeared
to be general popular pressure. To
be sure, the agency that forced his
resignation was the army, which has
the decisive say in politics. However.
it was assumed that the army had
been impressed by popular demands
and was ready to make at least
partial concessions toward an amel-
loration OF military dictatorship and
the beginning of a return to normal
constitutional government. The new
army leader, General Avalos, an
nounced a plan for the formation of
an interim cabinet including civil
1ans, though refusing demands for
turning authority over to the SUI
preme court. All this left the situa-
ton uncertain with one exception
the definite elimination of Colonel
Peron, who was relegated to "protec-
tive custody" by the army on an
island off the Argentine coast.
Yet, out of clear sky. the re-
doubtable colonel reappears amid
the plaudits of an immense throng
estimated at $4,000 who hail him as
the next president" stage riotous
demonstrations, and stone the presi-
dental palace until the still-nominal
President Farrell appears on the
balcony, embracing Peron with the
words: You have before you the
man who, by the dedication of his
work, has won the hearts of ALL"
Meanwhile Peron has proclaimed
brief general strike by his supporters
in order to celebrate this day of
glory"
Who are those supporters? They
are what appears to be a majority
OF the Industrial workers of Buenos
Aires and the adjacent metropolitan
area organized under the General
Confederation of Labor. Shortly be-
fore his enforced resignation, Peron
mad made a grandstand play for
labor support by raising wages by
governmental decree. These tactics
apparently won him extensive labor
support with the rank and file, while
presumably behind this gesture was
some undisclosed bargain struck
with the labor leaders.
That, to be sure, is merely one in
a series of possibilities. Another
hypothesis is fresh shift within
the army, or even a bit of clever
camoufiage by the army to throw
dust in the eyes of the protesting
civilian democratic elements. Until
more factual news emerges from the
present welter, almost any guess
may be proved valid. Argentine
politics assumes more and more the
character OF Pandoras- box.
Evening star., 1945-10-19
The lemuitre Theory

Sky and Telescope magazine for
October reminds the reading public
OF gentle, peace-loving Able Georges
Lemaitre and his theory of the crea-
tion OF the known cosmos-a matter
of greater interest now than when 1t
FIRST was put forward fifteen years
ago.
The sanity Belgian priest, as it
happened, was a forerunner of the
latter-day group of mathematical
thinkers who brought into existence
the device which destroyed Hiro-
shima and Nagasaki Father Le-
maitre "envisaged the explosion of
one giant primordial atom" which
produced the widespread debris we
observe as the physical universe" !"
Some of the fragments" of his
imagined missile may be inspected
on any clear evening. Collectively,
they are the Milky Way and "all the
myriads of other galaxies" scattered
over the heavens infinitely.
Dorrit Hoff1eit, commenting on the
dynamic conception of Father Le-
maitre, remarks: I'VE don't know
anything about the detonator, but
many lines of evidence indicate that
IT Lemaitre's theory is correct, his
giant atom exploded about two bill
lion years ago, and as a result the
universe is still expanding" In
other words, the explosion continues
and will continue to continue per-
haps for millions of ages. When 1t
finally stops, the stars will cease to
shine and the cosmos will be dark
and dead.
Certain "red shifts in the spectra
OF the galaxies may represent whole
systems OF stars "receding from each
other as they would from a center
OF detonation." 1t also is fairly we'll
established that: Atomic energy is
being released in the interiors of
stars as they transmute elements
according to the same principles of
physics as are applied in the most
modern weapon of warfare" The
scientists who split the atom to end
World War II, then, in effect played
at being God" How vast is their
responsibility in the circumstances,
and how good 1t is that they real
ize it.!
Evening star., 1945-10-19
Blind Milton Debating
To His DAUGHTER

The room is dim but for the dickerine
fire
And fading ttpilight at the ,oestern
pane
HIS sightless eyes discern no change Of
hour
While still the ,oonder ,oords leap
from his brain
Lit By his flaming soul, and oiuen Dinas
By his Wdrm lips harmonious atterinps.
The hurryino pen that trapels back and
forth
Across the pellnni is q living spark
OF Hint. 1t makes the pords appear
as stars,
Eden,s ripe fruit, toncued lightning
In the dark.
Hinges OF gold that stDing NTH lyric
sound
on gates Of Paradise once lost, nop {
found. -
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1945-10-19
Russian DemobiIizotion

MUSEUMS s announcement OF a de-
cree abolishing Russia'S vast mill
tary tank industry serves as a re-
mlnder that there is as much need
to demobilize over there as in the
United States and other countries.
Indeed, In some respects, consider
ing their manpower losses and the
destruction visited upon their pro-
ductive plant during the war, the
Russians must find the need more
acute than do other Allied peoples.
and this must be exerting a strong
pressure for reconversion to a peace
time economy calculated to raise
their living standards above the de-
pressing lows of the past several
years.
The Russians have been substitut
ing guns for butter for a long time.
Millions of their young men have
died in battle. Some of their biggest
preWar production centers have been
reduced largely to rubble. Their
transportation system from Lenin-
grad to the Caucasus is badly in
need of rebuilding. Their farmlands
are sorely short of manpower and
of tractors and other mechanical
equipment. They are tired of war
and of all wars deprivations. Peace
Is here, and enormous numbers of
them must be so eager for more and
better clothing, more and better
food, and more and better housing
that the government in Moscow has
reason to be anxious about not tax
ing too long to begin satisfying the
demand.
Some observers see in the tank
production decree a move on the
part OF Moscow to create a favorable
American reaction in support of a
huge loan for Russia. Whether or
not this is true, however, there can
be little doubt that the country's
domestic requirements make such a
step necessary. Under it, with the
tank industry's personnel trans
ferred to peacetime production, the
present pressing demand for loco
motives, freight cars, tractors, ETC.,
will receive the priority considera-
tion now essential if the Russian
people are to have action on their
governments promises of higher
standard of living. The same point
applies to recent orders for the dis
charge of ten age groups from the
Red Army to permit them to re-
turn to civilian work on farms and
in factories.
Russia, in short, is place where
the needs of the populace are in
comparably greater than in this
country, and since those needs can
Evening star., 1945-10-19
Mail Order List

When October's frosts have scared
the grass in meadows and upland
fields and the harvest season draws
toward its close, when barns and
corn cribs are stuffed with fodder
and grain and the woodshed is
stocked high with good dry fuel,
comes the time when the farm
family concentrates on getting the
lists made from the mail order
catalog. Of course, the family has
been jotting down its needs over
period of time. But now that night
comes early and the chill of on
coming winter is evident, the lists
become the evenings work.
Father and mother had more or
less a standard order. Long expert
ence had told them the things they
would need over the period until
time for the spring order. A gen.
Grafton ago father ordered hardware,
leather straps, perhaps a new tool,
and likely set of felt leggings and
pair of rubber arctics. Mother
ordered long drawers for the family,
shoes and stockings, percale and
gingham, hair ribbons, thread.
needles, and perhaps if the season
had been favorable, enough silk for
new best dress for herself. The
sisters, with the money they had
earned helping mother can and pre-
serve, and possibly a few dollars
from picking up the drop apples,
had problems of their own, always
accompanied, it seemed to 12-year-
old lad, by totally unnecessary
amount of giggling and secretive
whispering.
But a farm boy had the hardest
problem. He was sure of that. The
money he had earned haying,
digging potatoes, picking apples and
perhaps working on the road few
Saturdays seemed large sum. Yet
Evening star., 1945-10-19
English Wives Transportation

English Wives Transportation
To the Editor of The Star:
Public opinion has demanded that
servlcemen be returned to their homes
ano loved ones as soon as possible.
During the past month, numerous
parades and public demonstrations have
been made in London by the wives of
American servicemen to protest the de-
lay in providing them TRANSPORTATION
Ihese women are not protesting in their
own right but in the right of 10000
american serVicemen, their husbands.
scattered in camps and hospitals
throughout the United States or even
discharged.
Many of these men were sent oversea.
10 England early in the war They mar
rleo there but soon were moved on with
the campaigns in North Africa. Sicily
and Italy or into France and GERMANY
lhey never were permitted to live off of
the post while in England and manv
OF them have been separated longer from
their English wives than other men now
oeiiis iuSutu DacK 10 their American
wives. The serviceman who married in
England wants normal home and life
as much as any other serviceman and
should receive the same consideration
Transporting serviceman's wife from
England to America reunites a family
the same as transporting a serviceman
from England to his wife in America. It
Is for the same purpose and one case
should not be accommodated exclusively
to the detriment of the other.
The servicemans wife in England has
Just complaint and is complaining. An
allotment Of approximately y per cent
OF available transportation between Eng
land and the United States would be
sufncient and just for the Transportation
OF dependents of servicemen. Percentage
should be calculated by dividing the
number Of dependents awaiting trans
portation by the total number of de-
pendents and servicemen to be trans
ported.
GILES E. DAWSON.
Captain, Air Corps.
Evening star., 1945-10-19

when he made out his first tentative
list, 1t added to quite a total. A
fellow needed a new "a rife, more
traps. a hand AK, a hunters cap,
pair of bears paw snowshoes, a
pair of woodsmen's high-laced
leather boots, and a book or two,
such as the Unbelievable Adven-
lures of Lone Trapper in the
Yukon Wilderness" Eventually the
list and ones resources were brought
within shouting distance and the
lists were ready. Father sent the
money order and we knew that in
just three weeks the boxes would
come to the village depot. Mail order
time was exciting. Many city dwell
ers today remember the days on the
farm and the impatient pleasurable-
ness OF waiting until the order
arrived.
Evening star., 1945-10-19
Letters to The Star
Contends for One World as Way
to Save the Human Race
To the Editor OF The star,

To the Editor of The Star:
I was interested in a small news item
hidden on an inside page of The Star
for October 15 1t was an Associated
Press report of statement given by
Robert M. Hutchins. chancellor of the
University of Chicago, where much of
the preliminary research on the atomic
problem was done
In your story you headlined the fact
that "Hutchins Says Atom Bomb Secret
Must Be Shared" Usually I feel that
your news sense is excellent, but surely
it is of more significance and vital in
terest that DR.. Hutchins said that this
should be done as a prelude to adoption
OF world state. The atomic secret will
be shared whether the United States
wants it to be or not We are assured
of this by all the responsible scientists
working on the atom. but the adoption
of world government, while clearly
indicated by the predicament facing the
world in the control Of the atomic bomb,
surely is more worthy of headlines.
Many OF us have felt for years that
modern warfare and the closeness of the
world due to communications radio, air
plane, ETC., indicated that we must be-
come in fact "one world" and we have
been working for that world republic"
Mr.. Truman mentioned in Kansas City.
The atomic bomb has made this not
merely the logical and proper develop
ment Of our civilization, but the only
hope we have of seeing that civilization
survives.
Federal Union as an organization has
been working on this problem for six
years, and has enrolled many thousands
OF members devoted to the task of fur
thering the idea of world federation.
The scientists, coming out of their lab
oratories and viewing the confused DO
litical scene, are almost unanimous in
their conclusion that this is the only
possible solution to our present dilemma,
All that is needed now is for the
public to voice its faith in these ideas
and the politicians will follow after. We
may yet get "one world" and save the
human race.
MARGRETTA S. AUSTIN.
Executive Director, Federal Union.
Evening star., 1945-10-19

not be met If huge military estab-,
lishment is maintained, Moscow
must regard rehabilitation as desir-
able. So far, compared to the United
States, the Soviet Union apparently
has Jagged far behind in this respect,
but possibly speedup is in the
making. In any event, in view of
the British and American pace and
Russian civilian shortages, slowness
would seem to be unjustif1ed.
Evening star., 1945-10-19

tina because they realized the sentiment
among the South American republics
Together with their colleagues on the
Foreign Relations Committee, they re-
allied that show Of strength" of any
unilateral action by this country would
be fatal to our good neighbor policy.
The State Departments relentless po-
licy forced realignment Of the Argen-
tine government. When the cabinet was
kicked out this week, the action was
hailed as great achievement and
victory of democracy against fascism.
1t Is only logical to think that Americas
intervention would bring a sigh of re-
lief from the oppressed" Argentinians.
But to the great surprise of all, the very
masses we have been striving to save
in Argentina began to shout for the re-
turn of Col Peron, their former vice
president and "strongman"
Thousands of Argentinians, mostly
workers, demonstrated violently in favor
OF Col. Peron's return, while strikes of
the same laboring classes were called
throughout the republic. The workers
want their Peron" back.
In totalitarian country the working
classes are compelled to accept dicta-
tor because Of the terroristic methods of
the secret police and the armed forces.
But the fact that the workers of Argen-
tina are demanding the return of their
dictator" gives cause for reflection to
those who wondered whether the State
Department had not stuck Its neck out
too far.
When this reporter last year asked a
high official of the State Department
what was behind our aggressive policy
toward the Argentine government he
was told that the American government
had strong indications Argentina was
preparing an aggression against Brazil.
This apparently was news" to the
Brazilian government
Brazils acting Foreign Minister. DR..
Pedro Velloso, expressed the utmost sur
prise last April when he was in Wash
lngton on his way to San Francisco at
this news" His government had never
heard OF any such plan and he added
IN an oh-the-record conversation that
the good relations between the two great
nelghboring countries did not Justify
such a suspicion.
The international situation TODAY Is
more confused than any any time dur
ing the war. The republics in the South
ern Hemisphere have proved good and
reliable friends of this country, which
needs friends today more than ever.
The unilateral actions of the State De-
partment, which include the decision to
postpone the Rio conference of the
republics of the Western Hemisphere
are not likely to promote the good will
and friendship we need so badly.