Evening star., 1945-07-10
Senators Insist
On Unrestricted
Peace Forces
ConnoIIy, Vundenberg
Soy Congress Voice
Would Violate Charter
BY J. A. O'LEARY.

BY ]. A. OLEARY.
If the United States reserves
the right to require Congress to
pass on the use of it's armed
forces in each threat to world
peace that may arise, it would
violate the spirit of the United
Nations Charter" Senators Con-
nally, Democrat, of Texas and
Vandenberg, Republican, of
Michigan warned the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee to-
day.
Speaking with deep feeling, Sem
ator Vandenberg went further by
asserting that such a reservation
would even violate the Constitution
of the United States, which already
empowers the President to use
armed force in defense of this
country.
Senator Connally observed that
adoption of such az reservation
would "cut the irlsides" out of the
Security Councils machinery for
keeping peace.
MiIlikin Raises Issue.
This issue, which for several days
has promised to provide the only
fireworks in the consideration of the
Charter, was brought into the open
by Senator Millikin, Republican, OF
Colorado. He interrupted a tech
nical explanation of the details of
the Charter by asking DR.. Leo Pas
yolsky, State Department expert,
this question:
IF the United States reserved
the right to determine in each case,
say through Congress, whether it
would contribute force, and to what
extent, would that violate the Char
ter?"
DR.. Pasvolsky replied that if the
Security Council was not in posi-
ton to know in advance what force
it could count on from each sigma
tory to the Charter, then obviously
the purpose of the whole provision
would be defeated"
The State Department expert also
reminded Senator Milliken that the
United States, as a permanent
member of the Security Council, has
the right, through the exercise of
the veto power. to determine when
force shall be employed by the
United Nations organization.
Senator Hatch, Democrat, OF
New Mexico joined in to point out
that any such reservation attached
to the Charter by this country
would have to be accepted by the
others.
White Backs ConnaIly.
After Senator Connally had said
he believed it would violate the
spirit of the San Francisco docu-
ment, Senator White of Maine, Re-
publican floor leader, was the first
to join him in that view. Senator
White said it would also completely
destroy the master agreement"
Senator Connally said that is true,
because If every nation made such
a reservation I'VE would be right
back where we were after the last
war, and now we are at war again"
Senator Vandenberg suggested
the question raised by Senator Milli-
kin is one for debate when the Char
ter reaches the Senate, but he con-
sidered the right of the Coloradoan
to raise it in committee.
Il want my position on that ques-
tion to be perfectly clear" Senator
Vandenberg began. 81 think that
if we were to require the consent
of Congress for the use of force in
each instance, 1t would not only
violate the spirit of the Charter,
but it would violate our own Con-
stitution. which enables the Presi-
dent to employ force in the Nations
defense. 1t has been so used IL
times in $50 years, and is Just as
much part of the Constitution as
the power of Congress to declare
war"
Complete Analogy.
Senator Vandenberg said there
may be mo mans land" of argu-
ment on the question of when the
President may employ force without
waiting to obtain a declaration of
war from Congress, but "if there is
such a no mans land 1t has existed
for $50 years"
The Michigan Senator declared
there is a complete analogy be-
tween the Presidents right to use
force for national defense without
waiting for declaration of war,
and the preliminary use of force in
tended to be invoked by the Security
Council to prevent war.
Senator Vandenberg, who helped
draft the Charter, said he wanted
to apologize for his explosion" on
the subject, because he sympathizes
with those who want to protect the
function of Congress as the agency
to declare war. But he said he also
sympathizes with those who want
to take prompt steps in future TO
prevent war.
1t had been pointed out that,
after the world organization is rati-
fled, a separate treaty will have to
be passed on by the Senate, con-
tanning the agreement as to the
extent of military force this coun-
try would be expected to hold in
readiness to put down any future
threat to world peace. 1t also has
been explained that adoption of the
Charter would be followed by pas
sage of bill by both houses, defin-
ing the duties and powers of the
American delegate to the Security
Council, who would exercise the veto
power.
Element of Time Argued.
Senator Millikin said he was ask
ing questions merely to develop the
point that the time to meet the issue
of reSerYatinnS,, Is NOT when the i'm