davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
RATION ROUNDUP

BY The Ass6c1ated Ffess
FATS, MEAT, ETC.-Book Four RsA
stamps va through Z-2 good through
Sept. 80; Al through Ell good through
Oct. 81; FL through XII good through
Nov. 80; Ii through Q-1 good through
Dec. 81.
SUGAR-Book Four stamp 80 good
through Dec. 81.
SHOES-Book Three airplane stamps
i, 2, and good indefinitely. OPA says
no plans to cancel.
Rationing of gasoline. fuel oil, oil stow
es and all processed foods requiring blue
points ended Aug. Is.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04

A new automobile bearing, ap-
proximately 20 per cent lead, S per
cent silver, with small percen.
tage of iron anc copper, is replace
ing cadmiCm-plated bearings in the
auto and aviation industries.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
In The Service

veteran Of the Normandy invasion,
the Battle of France and the Bat
tie of Germany.
Pfc. Evans is now at a staging
area in France awaiting his return
to the United States after two years
overseas with the 494th Pont. Bn.,
237 Point. Co. He wears the Bronze
Arrowhead with two battle stars.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
ABOARD CARRIER

SM2/c John T.. Sorsby, GA Spot
ford street, is serving aboad the
carrier USS Essex. A member of
Task Force 50, the men aboard the
Essex have seen several engage
ments and inflicted great loss to
the enemy. The carriers planes
have destroyed hundred of those of
Japan both on the land and in
the air.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
SLIPPED OUT

PARIS, Sept. 3.-R-Up to Aug.
Is, 1,058, 455 of the peak number
of 100000 U. S. troops who were
in the European theatec on We
Day had been shipped out OF
Europe, the Army disclosed today.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
OVERSEAS VETERAN

Chm Edward Lane Higgins,
USNR, has returned to duty in Ra-
leigh after spending a 30-day fur
Tough with his mother and aunt. He
is veteran with five years over
seas service.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
PARATROOPER

Pfc. James P. Warlick, whose
wife, Mrs. J. P. Warlick, lives at
818 South Sixth street, is a para
trooper with the 515th Parachute
Infantry.
Now in staging area in France
awaiting his return here, Pfc. War
lick served in the Central European
and Rhineland campaigns n d
wears two battle stars. He was
formerly employed as a machinist
in the Norfolk Navy yard.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
PROMOTED

George Henry, 1904 South Ninth
street, is serving at the U. S. Naval
Ammunition depot in Oahu, T. H.
In recognition of faithfulness and
skill in the performance of duty, he
was recently promoted to Cox
swain.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
WITH THE WAC

Pvt. Navada B. Smith, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Jesse Lee Smith,
of Ivanhoe, recently left the First
WAC Training center, Des Moines,
Ia, for duty at Camp Atterbury,
Indiana,
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04
RECEIVES PURPLE HEART


Staff Sgt. Gene M. Stokes, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Stokes, all
West Eighth street, Charlotte, an.
a former announcer for WMFD,
Wilmington, has been awarded the
Purple Heart for wounds received
while on Luzon.
Sgt. Stokes, who entered the
Army in November, 1941, has been
overseas two years. He served
with the 25th division seeing action
in the jungles of New Georgia and
the Solomons.
NORMANDY VETERAN
Pfc. Edward J. Evans, whose
wife Mrs. Geneva Evans, resides
at Box 113, Castle Haynes, is a
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-09-04

announcements
WANTED TO PAY HIGHEST PRICES
for used furniture. ice boxes. dining
room suites. wood and coal ranges and
oil ranges. H. Berger and Son Furni-
ture Co.. TOT North 18th. Dial s17s
Evening star., 1945-11-28

According to reports. Mr.. Hurley on
Monday made his return to Chungking
conditional on his having a free hand
to enforce what the top-ranking policy
trainers in this country consider DEM
ocratic policy and honoring the pledges
given to the Chinese central govern
ment on many occasions, both of1cially
and unofncially.
Mr.. Hurley is said to have been very
emphatic in asking assurances that the
"underlings"-that Is to say, the spe-
cialist advisers Of the Secretary of
State-be not allowed to interfere in
the Chinese situation, behind the back
OF the official representatives of the
President and Government. He also
Is reported to have urged Mr.. Byrnes
to proceed with thorough house.
cleaning Of the State Department and
suggested the elimination OF certain
types Of officials recently brought into
the department, who regard their own
ideologies as being more important than
the actual national policies of this
country as expressed by President Tru-
man in his Navy Day speech.
kxx 4
Mr.. Hurley also is said to have been
most outspoken and to have asserted
that he was not willing to do what
so many other high-ranking officials
have done-retire for reasons of ill
health" He indicated he was prepared
to return to Chungking, although the
post was not ideal from the viewpoint
of health or comforts. But he made
it very plain that unless the basic pol
icies OF this country were followed or
6ifforpT1t in, +r
openly admitted, he would not accept
further ambaSsadorial responsibilities.
A policy of officially maintaining the
views outlined several years ago by
President Roosevelt and Secretary of
State Hull, while behind-the- scenes
preparations are made by influential
but inexperienced ideologists, is not
compatible with the dignity of great
nation like the United States. Mr.
Hurley strongly believes in the prin-
c1ples OF open diplomacy and is urging
the Government to come out frankly
and say SO If previous policies are no
longer enforceable.
At present the United States is off,
cially supporting the central govern
ment OF China, while certain high
ranking officials in the State Depart
ment are making preparations to bring
about convenient shift of policy in
the event Chang cannot hold his own
against the Yenan Communists.
AS an illustration Of this. it is pointed
out that the program of Sino-American
cooperation agreed on by the chiefs of
stah and said to have been approved
by President Truman has not vet
reached Secretary Byrnes because that
document is being held inside the desk
OF one of the intimate advisers" in
the State Department who is known for
his strong sympathies for the Yenan
group.
Mr.. Hurley,s ''motlvated" resignation
is likely to bring into the limelight
many other things which have remained
concealed from the attention Of the
public for longer time than is healthy
for a democracy.
Evening star., 1945-11-28

formity with provisions OF the United
Nations Organization
Planning for war must become illegal
within every country, making every citi-
zen responsible before the law. This is
not without precedent. The constitution
OF Switzerland forbids its government to
go to war, and limits military plans en-
tirely to territorial defense.
90 Laws should be passed in every
country prohibiting armament of air
craft. The frontieriess air is the ele-
ment OF mankind and must be forever
freed from instruments of destruction.
cd Laws should be passed in every
country prohibiting conscription and re-
duclng defenses to militia.
"a The Security Council of UNO
should decree national quotas for heavy
ornaments
t5) The United Nations should estab-
lish highly paid, strictly professional
police force, carefully recruited and COM
posed so as never to give any single
state the possibility of control, and
responsible solely to the United Nations.
Its task should be confined to policing
these laws and prohibitions 1t should
fly its own fiag-a flag of humanity. 1t
should be publicized-by an immense
international bureau-as the protector
OF every man, woman and child on earth.
~ ~
All propositions concerning a world
state founder on the problem of what
sort of world state Capitalist? Co.
operative? Communist? Parliamentary :?
These are not the pressing issues.
Whatever the world becomes, or however
societies may differ in form at any time,
they must not coerce each other.
Only when nations are not afraid of
being destroyed by each other, can they
possibly begin to understand each other.
Only when war is prohibited in the
domestic laws of nations, can the crime
Of preparing for aggressive war become
= personal responsibility.
(Rsleased by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1945-11-28
The Austrian Elections

The AuStrians have voted. They
had their hearts in it, for more than
go per cent of the registered voters
went to the pollS-a majority of
them women. The elections were
undoubtedly unhampered. so the
result represents the genuine will of
the Austrian people.
That result confirms the predic-
tions of most qualified foreign OBJ
servers. The Conservative Peoples
party apparently is the big winner.
Next comes the Socialists, the politi-
cal heir of the Christian Socialists
before Austria was absorbed in the
Third Reich. At the tail end come
the Communists, with less than 10
per cent of the vote.
This overall picture requires some
analysis to get the detailed outlook.
The basic fact about Austria is that
it is a small country containing an
abnormally large capital city, Vienna
and its metropolitan suburbs con-
tanning nearly one-third the total
population. This is hangover from
the days when Vienna was the head
of great empire which went to
pieces at the close of World War I.
The working masses of Vienna have
been traditionally Socialist, and this
trend is echoed in the smaller indus
trial centers. But the rural popula-
tion everywhere has been equally
conservative and clerical in its po-
litical allegiance. Thus, Austria has
always been sharply split between
city and country in its political and
economic ideals. The one political
element that has been eliminated
by the war is the faction favoring
amalgamation with Germany. That
faction, historically known as Pan
Germans, became Nazis after the
rise of. Hitler and have now been
virtually eliminated with the ruin
of the Third Reich.
On the other hand. Communism,
which never appealed to the individ-
ualistic and relatively undisciplined
Austrians, has apparently been given
a further setback by the harshnessl
and excesses Of the Red Army since
Russian occupation.
With both extremes eliminated,
the political picture is a simplified
version of that in the 1890 parlia-
mentary elections, held before the
rise of Hitlerism. At that time the
Socialists polled A per cent Of the
total vote. the Christian Socialists
40 per cent. while the Pan-Germans
and other minor groups got 16 per
cent. The present outcome gives
the Peoples party clear majority
Evening star., 1945-11-28
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

scientist who witnessed the first
demonstration OF the atomic bomb in
New Mexico told me, 1T was He'll and
Heaven. Amidst apocalyptic destruc-
tion, it created an immense aura of
transcendently beautiful light; all I
could think of was the light surround
ing the risen Christ in the great. paint
ing by Gruenewald"
This force has existed since the world
began. 1t was not put into the world
by man, but by the Creator. 1t was
discovered by mans understanding of
natural laws. 1t must be controlled by
the recognition that there are also nat
ural laws governing the relations be-
tween human societies.
The bomb should be used to re-estab-
hsh the first OF these laws: Thou shalt
not kill.
When say the bomb must be used, I
do not, of course, mean that it should
be dropped anywhere. 1t must be used
as warning and a means of releasing
the only energy that can control it; the
worldwide emotion of the ideal; the
recognition that all men are brothers.
IL Is not necessary to found a super
state to abolish war. 1t is not necessary
to found superstate to abolish small
pox, cholera or typhus. But it is neces-
sary to form an International sanitary
corps. as it were.
The first thing that should be done
with the atomic bomb is to demonstrate
1t as the opening explosion in a cam
paign for Gods peace. Some spot should
be evacuated and cleared of all human
life. Officials and the press of every
country should be gathered to see what
happens.
simultaneously, the United States
should declare to all nations i've propo-
sitions:
ID The constitution of every state
should be amended to forbid war and
all armaments, except those in con-
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Metropolitan Broadcast

Radio as entertainment reached a
new Level of achievement Monday
evening when the opening of the
1945-1946 season of the Metropolitan
Opera Company in New York was
put onHthe air for an audience of
millions. Among those listening,
there undoubtedly were at least a
few persons who could and did
remember the beginning of broad
casting just twenty-five years ago
this month and who, with that
advantage of experience, were pre-
pared to appreciate to the full the
marvellous progress which the indus
try has accomplished since 1920.
Much of the miracle of radio has
been the essential democracy of it.
No other form of communication,
unless it be the press. is so distinc-
lively OF the people, by the people
and for the people. 1t goes directly
into the homes of the Nation and
draws its raison d'etre from that
circumstance. At one extreme it
offers programs which admittedly
are popular because they make no
pretense Of culture, at the other it
furnishes demonstration of artistic
excellence which theoretically ap-
peals to minority only.
Yet inquiry discloses that a very
large public responded to the oppor-
tunity afforded Monday evening.
The premier broadcast of a Metro
politan opening, with the First Lady
of the land attending, was in itself
q news event, notably attractive
as fragment Of current history.
But Wagner's 'Lohengrin" likewise
proved to possess all the traditional
magic which has kept it alive
through nearly a century of drastic
change. The beauty OF the music
required no explanation. Neither
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Voyogers

Shiplike. the plo,o leaves furious In its
t0ake,
And like the helmsman notp. thu
farmer in the field,
While operhead the circling gulls. all
strangers to the land,
Awd't such nae0ger prize as tointer
earth tuiH yield.
The plo'Dn,an naoDes, preoccupied ,oith
tDdking dream,
Blue lost horizons composed In his
far blue gaze,
And none more than the gulls yiH kno,o
If here
He dreams of time to be or halt
remembers former days.
One thing Is certain no,D, the while, all
strangely tame,
The seGbirds settle In the rotps Of
fetD-turned loan:
That NTH the fall of evening they wiH
seGspdrd Nv.
But anchored q the plosDnidn to
iDinter and 20 home.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0wn

The resignation of Patrick j. Hurley
as Ambassador to China is likely to re-
veal some very odorous conditions which
prevail in the State Department and
which have prompted him to relinquish
his post in Chungking.
The former Ambassador, who since
1912 had been one Of the late President
Roosevelt's most trusted trouble-shoot-
ers, returned from China in September
discontented over the manner in which
American diplomatic relations were
being conducted.
Mr.. Hurley had gone to Chungking
at the special request of Mr.. Roosevelt
and discovered an unsatisfactory condi-
ton in the American Embassy. Because
he enjoyed the unqualified support of
Mr.. Roosevelt he started 'purging" the
Embassy of all undesirable assistants
whom he suspected Of playing a double
game; that is to say, they gave lip
service to the official American policy,
while in fact they were sympathizing
with the Yenan regime. The Yenan
group, Communist organization, aimed
at the overthrow of Generalissimo Chi
ang Kai-shek.
Mr.. Hurley's purge was so drastic that
at one time the late President sent him
personal message saying: "You will
soon be able to write book alone in
China"
Because of the difficulties he had en-
countered after vi day with the State
Department, from which he was receiv-
ing instructions contrary to the basic
policy outlined to him by President
Roosevelt, Mr.. Hurley returned to WASH
ington to discuss the whole situation
with President Truman Mr.. Roosevelt
had told Mr.. Hurley that our policy
consisted Of supporting the Chang
regime and endeavoring to bring about
collaboration between Yenan and
Chungking.
The first conversation with Mr. Tru-
man in the middle of october was in
conclusive and Mr.. Hurley went to take
rest in New Mexico. He returned to
Washington last week determined to
have heart-to-heart talk with the
President and Secretary of State Byrnes.
He had decided to throw away all
caution and tell the President and Sec
retary of the why's and the wherefores
of his difficulties with certain groups In
the State Department which have been
described by other high-ranking officials
outside the State Department as fellow
travellers"
Mr.. Hurley was received in the White
House on Monday by the President in
the presence of Mr. Byrnes. The
trouble shooter" is reported to have
presented the President with a volumin-
Gus file showing how his official ac-
tivities had been interfered with by
some of the underlings on his own staff
and in the Department. He stressed
particularly the point that his sincere
attempts to effect a real reconciliation
between Chang and the Yenan leader
Mao had been frustrated by some of
the underlings, who had told Gen. Mao
that Mr.. Hurley was not rejecting the
real policy of the American Govern
ment, but only temporary policy.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Fundamental Truth
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

In suggesting that If clandestine
manufacture Of atomic weapons is to
be made crime under international
law, the sanctions Of that law must
be applicable to individuals, Walter
Lippmann is touching on fundamental
truth which governs all approaches to
the idea of world government.
No government, whatever its nature,
can be government in fact unless 1t
Is a society of men; unless it Is able
to deal, In all those matters in which
it has authority. directly with indi-
viduals.
The United Nations Organization is
not system of world government
1t is an agreement between sovereign
states, made for the basic purpose of
avoiding war, under the compulsion of
the grim fact that another major war
Would destroy civilization
1t is a disservice to the cause of world
peace and security to pretend that it
is anything else, to discuss it as though
it were anything else or could by some
process of evolution become an entirely
different thing from what it is.
It Is capable of being improved and
strengthened, certainly. But it is no
more capable Of becoming world gov
ernment than the Articles of Con-
federation were capable of becoming
Federal Constitution. When that be-
came necessary, wholly new instru-
ment had to be devised: q system Of
government which, within the limits
of its power, could deal directly with
the individual citizen.
~ xk
What Mr.. Lippmann is really dis
cussing, then, Is world federal govern
ment of very limited powers; world
government whose powers are, initially,
confined to the one subject Of pre-
venting misuse of atomic energy.
IT we are serious" he points out,
"about controlling atomic energy and
about instituting an authority which
shall for that purpose be superior to
the national sovereignties, then we can
not ignore this principle. There is no
other way to abate national sovereignty
except to bring individual persons with
in the jurisdiction Of supra-national
sovereignty"
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Russiu and Palestine

The report from Paris, based on
what is termed a reliable "diplo-
matte source in touch with Near
Eastern affairs" that the Soviet
Union has proposed that the Arab
Jewish problem in Palestine be SUBJ
mitted to conference of the big
Five" (America, Britain, China,
France and Russia, reminds one of
the Italian proverb: IF it isn't
true, it might almost be true" Such
a move by Moscow would be in line
with the whole tendency of Soviet
diplomacy to inject itself into every
phase of Near and Middle Eastern
situation which rapidly becomes
alike more acute and more far
reaching.
To begin with, the Palestine prob
lem has far transcribed the limits
of the country itself. 1t has evolved
into a complex struggle between the
bulk of organized Jewry throughout
the world, the rising tide of pan
Arab nationalism with pan-Islamic
overtones, and Britain's imperial in
terests as well as mandatory respon-
sibilities. The British government
has tacitly confessed its reluctance,
If not its inability, to handle the sit
uation single-handed and has wei
coined American association in an
inquiry which covers not merely the
local Palestine problem, but the
larger question of Jewry in post
war Europe.
From that larger aspect, Moscow
might logically assert its claim to
voice, because the Soviet Union con-
tains the largest surviving Jewish
element in the world outside the
United States. Hitherto, the Soviet
government, while stressing equal
rights for Jews within it's boundaries,
has frowned upon Zionism and has
effectively prevented the emigration
OF Jews from the Soviet Union to
Palestine. But that would not estop
Moscow from favoring the move
ment of Jews to Palestine from other
lands than its own. On the other
hand, Soviet diplomacy has shown
a tendency to cultivate good rela-
tions with Moslem countries, using
to this end emissaries and agents
picked from its own large Moslem
elements. All this renders Russia's
attitude toward Palestine as enig-
matte as some of it's other policies.
Moscow's Palestine policy should
likewise be set against the larger
background of crisis in Iran, in Tur-
key, in the Balkans and in the
Mediterranean. Here, again, Soviet
diplomacy is dual natured, display
Ing itself sometimes in unilateral
moves such as those in Iran and
toward Turkey. while at other times
1t seeks to work through interna-
tional means. as at Tangier and
claims for a UNO trusteeship in the
Italian colonies. The basic factor is.
OF course, the steady pressure of
Moscow to get footing in every part
OF the Near and Middle East, hith-
erto a predominantly British sphere
OF interest.
Evening star., 1945-11-28

1t Is impossible to disagree with this
conclusion. But is it within present
reach, as matter of practical accom-
pliShment? As BeardSley Ruml saws,
World government requires as foun-
dation moral and psychological sense
OF world community and that foundax
tion does not presently exist The minds
and hearts of men are not prepared"
Until the majority of individuals, in
the majority of countries and in all
major countries, are possessed of
sense OF world community and world
responsibility, and are in consequence
prepared to commit their own persons
to the processes of law in the making
OF which they may participate, but
which they cannot wholly control nor
subsequently refuse to obey if they do
not like 1t, we are not likely to have
world government on any scale. limited
or otherwise.
Can we approach the problem in
directly, by making individuals subject
to the sanctions of a claw" which is in
fact only an agreement between sover-
eign states? Hardly. for that would
be to place the life, liberty and reputa-
tion of an individual at the mercy of
what is in fact political and not
judicial process. How would the guilt
or innocence Of any accused person be
determined? What protection would
no have against false or erroneous ac-
cusation? Against being made scape-
goat for 'higher-ups"? How could the
facts of his guilt or innocence be ade-
quately investigated? How could his
right to produce witnesses in his own
behalf be safeguarded and assured?
~
Obviously these things can be done
only by the full cooperation of the
state of which the accused IS a ma,
tional.
There seems no escape from the con-
clusion that we cannot have world gov
ernment now, by indirection or other
wise. and that we had better face up to
the necessity of getting such measure Of
world peace and security as we can
including. Of course. control Of atomic
weapons-by the process Of agreement
among sovereign states.
(copyrisht 1ez6)