davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-02-08

Burger lis, 317; Vaughn III 315;
Scotty 3l3; c. Snyder 1870, 313;
Farmer 312; Saums ia, 311; Shan
holtz lit, $40; David 306; Delauder
112, 3O5; F. Snyder 305; Cooke 121,
304; Hoover 113, 302; BOUCHER 118,
3O2; Beckley III 300; Wilhide 1872;
w. Wetzel 115; Lushbaugh 113;
Guessford LII.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1945-02-08
BUILDING WILL Squirt

If the war with Germany ends
by summer, building construction
work in 1916 will hit the $4,000
100000 mark, WPB predicts.
Evening star., 1945-06-11

upon translator who is local German
picked at the suggestion OF pre-Hitler
town functionaries. The translator, who
is the mediator between the population
and the government, actually holds
enormous power, and the local popula-
ton and this petty creature realize it
to the fullest.
In the government even the highest
officials are forbidden to fraternize, and
so must govern the population with one
way communication and must, accord
ing to directives, create an anti-Na1
German administration to carry out its
orders without any idea of local condi-
tions. The safest thing is to reinstate
Hitler functionaries and let them
fill administrative Offices. But every one
who has done anything in public life
for the last II years has been a party
member, either by choice or by COM
Okla, who wants to 60 home, must de-
eide not what has been on coat lapel,
but what is in the heart.
In this rich food-producing area Nazi
scoundels and SIS proflteers had &C
QulfeQ all LIle laISe T1CIl AdlIiLo diAd Ill
one case chains of them. The owners
are now in the clink, but AMG has not
taken over the farms, so they are adrift
under previous managers and the own
ers, through relatives, are carting of
unchecked what they claim belongs to
them 1t happened on farm this
morning.
The Nazi system of forced deliveries
has been suspended No one is con-
trolling stocks, seed grain or animals,
and the primitive will of survival leads
the peasants to slaughter the animals
and can and store food for their per-
sonal wants.
The slave workers still remaining are
completely out of hand. Demobilized
soldiers are not organized for farm or
other work. The new landrat, fearing
to displease the Americans or the popu-
lation, makes the fewest possible deci-
sions, and the youthful head of the
military government also is afraid to
make mistakes and, naturally, avoids
decisions.
Unconditional surrender Is a total
reality, but turns victory, under the
policies we have adopted, into a terri
Bile burden.
tCopyright 1945)
Evening star., 1945-06-11
The Travelling Editors

The delegation of journalists sent
abroad by the American Society of
Newspaper Editors report sympa
thetic response almost everywhere
to the idea, or ideal, that the peace
treaties should contain expressions
relating to the desirability of free
and unhampered flow of news in the
postwar world.
Some of the assurances they re-
ceived in that respect may have
represented, in the opinion of the
editors, courteous Zip service"
rather than definite statements of
intent. But the value of this un-
precedented expedition by Ameri-
can newspaper editors lay as much
In the exploitation of desirable
objective as in precise items Of
actual accomplishment.
The frank exchange of ideas and
opinions between American and
Russian journalists which took place
in series of meetings in Moscow
was in itself enough to justify the
pilgrimage. For this interchange, in
a friendly atmosphere, seemed to
typify the basic nature of some of
the misunderstanding between
Soviet Russia and the United States.
The tactics of sections of the Amer
tooo oracr ero &C iy,ooy,o ,,raI or, cin1e
to the Russians as their own are to
us. AS Russian journalists stated
with pride, the Russian press is an
integral part of the Russian gov
ernment, and it's service, as they
see it, is completely in behalf of the
people. To American journalists
these two ideas are in themselves
contradictory. In our concept a
press which is subservient to or
becomes an agency of government
loses its value in serving the people.
The Russians expressed some
amazement that American news
paper readers will permit the pub
1NdGlOll VI pOl1GiSd1 VI OG14CI G11COA ACo
with which they do not agree. The
fundamental of a free press in this
country, of course, is the sacred
right to exploit unpopular ideas and
opinions. Differences in conceptions
of the functions of the press stem,
of course, from the differences be-
tween totalitarian and democratic
PHILOSOPHERS Of government.
The Russians are suspicious of our
motives and of our press. But no
more so than we are of their own.
The task facing both nations is
cultivation of a spirit of mutual
tolerance of the other point of view.
In broad recognition of the cause
of misunderstanding lies the hope of
real understanding, so essential to
the success of both countries in
achieving hopes for sustained peace.
Evening star., 1945-06-11
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

IN COUNTRY DISTRICT NEAR
MUNICH-The European war has been
over for month and We now are in the
chore of governing defeated Germany
We have taken on an uncharted task
in a nation which for generations was
an economic unity and for the past
several years was composed of highly
centralized totalitarian states, which
have fallen apart now to be governed
by four occupying armies, each sovereign
of It's own zone. All its cities have been
ravaged. most of them totally destroyed.
In Munich it is feared even to cart OF
the rubble since tens of thousands OF
corpses are rotting under 1t and the
danger in exhuming them lies in the
possibility of epidemics.
It's agriculture Is run down. 1t Is
short of seed, fertilizer and, for the
moment, labor. Yet Bavaria and all
Germany, thus disintegrated, must be
prepared to feed the people.
Proclamation over the radio and the
single weekly newspaper published by
the military government warn the popu-
lation there will be no Hoover or
Quaker relief that relief will be the
German problem under military gov
ernment.
Bavaria, the luckiest part of Germany,
in normal times produced IS per cent
of its own food. Westphalia in the
Rhineland is far worse off. but already
the ration there Is 300 calories daily
Supplements of seasonable vegetables
will bring it to perhaps 1,l00.
1t is my opinion, which is shared b.
other correspondents, that in Col. John
Jay Keegan, head of the Allied Military
Government for Bavaria, and his i'm
mediate assistants we have as able
men-under given directives from above
AS we are likely to find anywhere with
what confronts them.
They are ordered first to maintain
law and order. This is not so difncult
as might be conceived. The population
is exhausted, stunned, groggy and docile,
and its only point of stability is the
American Army But law and order are
unlikely maintainable in the face OF
famine.
In the village is AMG for the town.
ship. headed as are most such units,
by youthful American officer, mex
perienced in any sort of government
He and two American assistants, who
DO not speak German, are dependent
Evening star., 1945-06-11
The Fuehrer Hunt Is On
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

best guess-the one the Russians have
made-is Spain. We know that. German
refugees have been reaching Spain
maybe some of them to prepare the way
for the Fuehrers escape, though very
few indeed will be trusted with that
secret for the present. We know that
there are good many Germans already
in Spain. We know that Francisco
Franco considers that he owes a great
debt to Hitler for having established
him in power at Madrid. He would not
dare give Hitler open sanctuary. But
he might be willing to help Hitler es-
cape from Allied justice. After all, the
public trial and execution as criminal
of the man to whom he has admitted
he owes his present position would not
be calculated to increase Frances stand
ing in the world or with his own people.
And, 1t may be added, it is quite pos
sible to take ship at quiet little Span
ish port for South America: or 1t is
possible to fly to the Spanish colony
Of Rio de Orc and take ship there, even
more quietly. Or one can fly from Rio
de Orc to Brazil-if there should be
some interior airfield which can be hid
den away from the local police-and
thence one could fly to the Argentine.
And there are such things as subma-
rines.
Ali this Is the purest speculation,
mere review of a few of the possibilities.
There are others.
The point is, that this is matter
which the governments of the United
States and Great Britain, and their
associates OF the Western world, can
not afford to neglect or shrug aside. If
Adolf Hitler is loose in the world he
must be found and brought to justice.
II he is dead, that fact must be estab-
lished beyond any possibility Of doubt.
II one Of these two things does not
happen we shall be plagued for q gen.
Grafton to come with the Hitler legend.
tCopyrisht, 104BJ
Evening star., 1945-06-11
Report on the Philippines

An extraordinary interest in this
country was attached to Senator
TydingS' recent visit to the Philip
pines and his moving report to the
Senate last week on conditions he
found there. 1t was Senator Tydings
who helped perfect the legislation,
which bears his name, under which
the Filipinos were to become an in
dependent nation in 1916. He has
visited the islands before and is
thoroughly informed on the curl
ously complex problem represented
in their future political status.
His report to the Senate last week
reflected two of his impressions,
which obviously affected him deeply.
One was of wars indescribable
havoc, not only in Manila, but
throughout the islands. The other
was his admiration for the conduct
of the Filipinos during the japanese
invasion; their answering loyalty
to the United States, which the Sen
ator illustrated by many touching
incidents of real heroism. The
islands seem PROSTATE. The cur
rency has been debased and rem
dered practically valueless. Not
bank is open. There is no available
credit. The sugar industry, which
before the war furnished the chief
export crop, cannot be revived for
at least two years. The food situa-
tion is tragic" and transportation
has been so disrupted that it is diff
f1cult to distribute even the limited
imported supplies.
Senator Tydings points out the
vital use we are to make of the
islands. in continuing the war
against Japan He advocates an
outright gift of $100,000,o0O for re-
construction work, together with
loans. And he is convinced, as many
have been before him, that the
question of political independence
for the Philippines is inextricably
linked with their economic indie
pendence. Thus, If the Philippines
are to be given outright political
independence, without some form of
continued extension of favored
treatment in our markets for their
products, the gesture on our part
would he roonkerv
Much of the pressure behind the
act granting Philippine independ-
ence in 1916 came from special in
terests in this country anxious to
end competition from Philippine
products. They will have to be won
over to extending continued favored
treatment now. Certainly the con-
duct of the Filipinos during the war
has won for them the undying graft
tude of our people, creating new ties
of mutual respect that never existed
before. Our own destiny in the Pa
cific is closely linked with the future
wellbeing of the Philippines.
Evening star., 1945-06-11

We cannot afford to allow Adolf Hitler
to vanish into the mists Of mystery.
This is a matter of deadly seriousness,
now and for the future.
We shall have enough troubles with
out Hitler legend hanging over our
heads like q Sword of Damocles
The Russians drew the covert, and
found the beast had escaped. They
have told us so. They have said in
effect: HE got away from U.s. He is
probably out of our reach. He Is prob
ably in that part of the world where
we look to you Americans and you
British to keep order. Now 1t is up to
you"
OF course, we can't be sure just where
he is-always provided that he did not
perish miserably in the flaming ruins
of Berlin, after all, and is not yet
identified, or is beyond Identification.
We do know that Russian methods are
pretty thorough; we can be reasonably
confident that they would not admit
that they were at a loss without ex-
hausting every immediate possibility.
We cannot be sure that Hitler is not
hiding somewhere In Eastern Europe,
in the Russian zone of influence, but the
chances are against it.
X
Why? Because, If he got away from
Berlin, almost certainly his escape was
long and carefully planned, with every
detail worked out. The choice of q
place of refuge must have been made
with great care. 1t is unlikely to the
last degree that this place of refuge
would be one within the zone Of opera
tions of the Russian secret police. Hit
Ter, with his contempt for the "deca-
dent democracies" and their silly ideas
about human rights, their stupid laws
and their restrictions on what police
man can do, would prefer to take his
chances In the west-or 30 1t would
seem to this writer.
Wherever he went, It was somewhere
within airplane radius Of Berlin. The
Evening star., 1945-06-11
True Cunudiunism
By David Laurence
rom the Ottawa lie Droit.

FROM the Ottawa lie Droit.
Tolerance and unity do not entail
assimilation and the fusion of the
principal elements of our population,
or the throwing aside Of the truth,
historic or otherwise. Each ethnic group
has its religious, national, academic,
social. economic institutions which cor
respond to its traditions and aspira-
tions and which no one has the right
to ask it to sacrifice. Whenever these
institutions are legitimate, there should
be no opposition to their survival or to
the respect accorded them. True
Canadianism consists exactly in de-
veloping side by side two cultures and
two civilizations, without either being
opposed to the expansion of the other
or encroaching upon its rights. It is,
furthermore, in this hostility and en-
croachment that are to be found the
main reason for national disunity.
Evening star., 1945-06-11

officials and agents for taking advantage
OF this loyalty. But the American cit
liens themselves are to be blamed and
punished II they break the existing laws.
1t has been an open secret for some
time that many such agents-most of
them volunteers that is to say, they ex-
pect no remuneration-have inf1ltrated
into many Government departments.
Some time ago when Maxim Litvinoff
was still In Washington one Of the high
est of1cials in the State Department
discussed with the Russian Ambassador
certain questions which involved bit
Of give and take" Later secret re-
port was made to him concerning the
question at issue and 1t was suggested
that the whole matter should be left in
abeyance because it gave the United
States very strong bargaining power.
This document was marked very secret"
and was intended only for the eyes Of
the very high official"
A few days later when the drafter of
the memorandum visited the Russian
Embassy on an entirely different matter
he was f1abbergasted when the Ambas-
sador said to him, "Mr. x, why have you
taken an adverse attitude in such and
such matter?" The Ambassador then
proceeded to quote almost verbatim the
contents Of the very secret" memo
randum, which should never have come
into the possession of the representa-
tive of the Russian government. 1t was
not vital question, but 1t showed to
this American official that there was an
important leak somewhere between his
desk, the desk of his chief and the secret
filing cabinet.
It Is because of this and other such
incidents that the House Military Affairs
Committee has so strongly questioned
the wisdom of the War Department in
commissioning Communists into the
secret services of the United States
Army. This committee has taken the
attitude-in opposition to some Of the
high officials in the War Department
that individuals commissioned in the
Army and particularly those in COM
munications, radar, cryptography and
intelligence cannot be Communists or
have any connection with the Com
munist Party.
On foreign affairs, the party line is
very clear and explicit. Those who are
described as fellow travellers that is
to say, individuals who have espoused
the Communist doctrine without ac-
tually having been enrolled in the party
are invariably following the policies
which are most favorable to Moscow,
and, under cover of democracy, denounce
policies of their own Government. Crit
icism of the Governments policies is
healthy and there is much that can be
criticized in the workings of the State
Department. But there is a line to be
drawn between this criticism and what
is recognized to be the national policy
of this country.
Evening star., 1945-06-11
School Yard

The bell rings ont for recess, and d tide
OF Doices rises ,Dith summer sound
Like laughter oDer Dater and the pound
OF feet upon shore. The poices. ride
Like swimmers on the surt, their shouts
collide
And sparkle and recede, then dash AGAIN
As II their Dery rush would operrun
The bounds OF space. The bell! The
tDdDes subside.
The stiffness holds moment, listening.
tense
And noto once more the busy sounds
grotc plain
A hummer-tap OF nails upon a fence,
The stpist OF some one s,peeping in the
street,
The minor keyed, far Dhistle OF q train,
And the firm trudging Of the postman's
feet.
HoRTENsE ROBERTA ROBERTS.
Evening star., 1945-06-11
Russio's Communists

Generally speaking, when new
blood is infused into any organiza-
ton, the organization itself is bound
to undergo some change in charac-
ter, and policies or actions are likely
to be affected in one degree or an
other. Accordingly, there is perhaps
more than a little significance in the
report that the size Of the Commu-
mist party in Russia has increased
about 60 per cent during the past
few years and that great number
of its old members have died in the
war.
Prior to Hitler's attack in June,
1a41, membership in the party was
held down to static total of 3,000,-
900 Russians. with a few hundred
thousand others listed for eventual
admission. An important percent
age of the regular members fought
In the Red Army, however, and suf-
fered heavy casualties. These large
losses have now been replaced by
new personalities, and in addition
the membership as whole has been
expanded to a total of 100000,
while the probationary" waiting
lists have been enlarged to about
100000.
This great infusion of new blood,
according to New York Times dis
patch, is made up principally of
officers and men who have distin-
guished themselves on the fighting
fronts and of workers and executives
who have displayed special marks of
ability and patriotism in war-sup-
porting activities. AS full-f1edged
members of the party, they now be-
long to the Russian elite, to the
worlds most exclusive political or
ganization. In that capacity, as a
small fraction of the Soviet Unions
18O,000,000 people, they control their
country through pyramid = like
structure of authority founded on
village and town councils and rang
ing beyond that through councils of
districts, regions and republics to the
All-Union Congress of the U. S. S. R.
The policies and discipline of the
Russian Communists presumably will
be directed as firmly as ever from
the top, but the fact that there has
been an exceptional change in the
personnel of the organization-liter-
ally millions of new faces and new
minds-seems certain to have some
effect, however slight or gradual, on
the course OF Soviet affairs, both
domestic and foreign. There Is
Evening star., 1945-06-11
Final Ruling Needed

A Federal Circuit Court, dividing
2-to-1, has upheld the Government
in its seizure last spring of the
Chicago business of Montgomery
Ward. This reverses the finding by
District Judge Phillip L. Sullivan,
who had ruled that the President
lacked authority, either under the
Constitution OF the War Labor Dis
putes Act, to order the seizure of a
business like Montgomery Ward,
which is essentially retail estab-
lishment engaged in distribution.
The Circuit Court decision was
rested on the narrow basis Of the
Disputes Act, which empowers the
President, under certain conditions,
to take possession of any plant, mine
or facility equipped for the manu-
facture, production or mining" of
articles necessary or useful in the
conduct Of the war. The key word
in this instance Is production"
Montgomery Ward denied that a re-
tail establishment is engaged in
production, and Judge Sullivan
agreed. But a majority of the Cir
cult Court ruled otherwise, although
its reasoning is neither clear nor
persuasive.
OF greater interest, however, is the
fact that the appellate court refused
to pass on the asserted right of the
President to seize the plant under
the vague powers conferred by the
Constitution on the Commander in
Chief. Judge Sullivan had met this
issue in a ruling adverse to the Gov
ernment, but the Circuit Court side
stepped it, the contention being that
since the Disputes Act covered the
case there was no reason to discuss
the constitutional question.
This leaves large area of un-
certainty as to the extent of the
Presidents wartime powers, how
ever, and 1t is to be hoped that the
Supreme Court, If the case goes
there, will deal comprehensively
with all of the issues involved. In
it's implications for the future, the
constitutional question is too i'm
portant to be left in doubt.
Evening star., 1945-06-11
Science and the Problem

JOS6pI y. SCQlIeTeS, WTlClQS III tIl6
May bulletin of the Association for
the Advancement of Science, dis
cusses the costs and the potential
gains of modern war in language
which should be of interest to many
persons who commonly do not think
of themselves as scientists. The
death of millions of people, as he
sees it, is one variety of tragedy;
the death of ideas is another.
Broken lives, hardship steeled
emotional callousness, regimented
thoughtlessness, manned bodies, in
terrupted careers, restless waiting
and wandering in, to and from fox
holes and hospitals and thousand
other seeds of bitterness" these
factors, he argues, add up to vast,
all-embracing problem which many
thinking individuals appreciate,
yet none has solved
And the effect of that problem
on cultural progress is blighting.
Mr.. Schifferes mentions H. ]. G.
Mosely, the discoverer of atomic
numbers, and Rupert Brooke, the
poet, as men lost in the conflict of
1s14-1s18, still mourned, still unre-
placed. For these two Names" he
declares, thousands could be sub
stituted" from humanity's expert
ence in the past three blood-and-
tear stained decades. Equally sad is
the Illustration of the wounded, the
sick, the mentally and spiritually
hurt survivors of both the first and
second global struggles. "We shall
never know how many mute in
glorious Newtons or village Elm
stems have died untimely"
or lived on, too broken, too stunned
by horror and suffering to think,
to write, even to speak without pain.
But Mr.. Schifferes finds ground for
hope "in the enlightened 'GI Bill
of Rights" as "one of the most
constructive possible steps to ease
the solution of the problem"
Referring directly to "the i'm
fermentation" of the legislation
by "the provision of educational
opportunities" he insists that SCI
entists must not fail the veterans
nor shirk the magnificent
opportunity for the advancement of
science provided under Gts) gener-
Gus financial terms" The Govern
ment-the taxpayers of the Nation
will meet the expense of tuition,
books and certain other incidentals
and subsistence up to fifty dollars
a month; and "here is a broad
platform of support upon which
scientists may hope to discover and
cultivate those bright young minds,
now in uniform, whose still mar
ticulate ideas yet auger the greatest
hope for the future well-being of
mankind"
Mr.. schifferes, obviously, is less
concerned with science as a profess
sion and scientists as individuals
having vested interest in scien-
tiflc progress than with science as
zone OF the humanities capable of
being looked at and thought about
apart from direct doing" He wants
science to develop ian atmosphere