davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
City Planning
Talk Attracts
NAACP Group

The N.AA.C.P. series Of lectures
ON city planning got under way
Tuesday. March l3, al the Lucy
Thurman W.CA., with Richard
Fernback OF the City Plan Com
mission. relating the story Of De-
;roii's growth. The lecturer dis
cussed how Detroit grew, prob
lens OF its unplanned growth, ele-
ments in planning for future uses,
housing. express highways. rec
reation facilities. and methods OF
effectlng the plans.
The series which is sponsored by
the Education Committee continues
Tuesday. March 20, with the SUBJ
ject Protecting and Improving
Your Neighborhood" Members Of
the association and friends are in
vited TO attend these lectures
which are free The lectures begin
al 8 pm.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
SAY EDUCATORS
ARE TO COMBAT
Discrimination

NEW YORK, N. Y.-Chareing
that the ability, qualifications and
training Of Jewish, Negro or for
eign-born scholar must be OF "su-
perhuman proportions" TO break
through the racial and religious
discriminatory policies in admis-
sion and faculty selections Of most
America. colleges, educators meet
ing here Sunday. under the aus
pices Of the Academic Council OF
the National Federation for Con-
stitutional Liberties took action 10
force the question OF discrimina-
ton into open discussion, TO COM
bat its application and TO assist ad-
ministrators who are striving to
eradicate it,"
"Quota systems" for choice Of
students and faculty members
should be outlawed without fur
ther delay, Al Deutsch of PM
newspaper told a round table of
council members and guests.
Only 22 Of the 500 universities
have accommodations for Jew
ish students who want specialist
training. DR.. Adele SECULAR.
chairman of the Citizens Com
mittee Of the West Side, re-
ported.
DR.. GENE WELTFISH, co-au-
thor OF Races of Mankind" dis
puted the basis for discrimination
by presentation Of anthropological
data and urged reexamination
OF the purposes OF education with
. view TO eliminating "unscientific
theories and practices
AT the same time. disciplinary
action against the University OF
Texas for the ousting OF DR.. Homer
p. Rainey as president and for cur
tailment OF academic freedom in
the university was recommended
IN vote after an address by Dr.
Rainey in which he stated that
the fight 10 restore academic free,
dom has moved into the larger
political field and is going TO have
10 be fought there"
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Home Builders
May Get Money
From Du Points

Negro home builders who quail
fy for priorities recently allocated
TO Negroes in Detroit may have
their homes financed through capi-
tai made available by Du Pont in
terests, according to John Dancy.
director OF the Detroit Urban
League.
This is in addition to money
available for Negro home builders
through mortgages insured by
FLA, it was announced by the
local FLA office
JOHN c. DANCY, director of the
Detroit Urban League, told Chron-
icle that a representative Of the
Du Pont interests in Delaware, met
with a group OF civic leaders and
builders and outlined the program
by which private building may be
facilitated for Negroes in Detroit
We now have an opportunity TO
build houses anywhere in Detroit
where the FHA will approve" Dam
cy said.
Dancy explained that the build
ing which will go under the H-7
plan Of the Public Housing Au-
thority. was recommended to him
by John o. Hopkins Sr., Of Will
mington, Del.
MONEY FROM the Du Pont Cor
porationS has been used 10 build
homes for Negroes in Wilmington
and the Princeton project in Chi.
cago.
The money will be loaned at 8
per cent to build homes ranging
in cost from $500 and $500. II
will be possible TO get the money
as it is needed and no interest will
be due until the money is actually
in use. DR.. Dancy said.
1t was further announced that
, II. G. Woodruff, Inc, at 245l PEN
obscot building. is the Detroit agent
for the concern.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Treat Children
For Cuts, Burns

Five-year-old Robert Mckinley
Gibson, l0274 .Delmar street, was
treated at Children's hospital. after,
according TO police. he had been
struck on the head with a piece
Of pipe by five-year-old girl with
whom he had been playing.
Two other children were treated
for minor injuries this week. Six
year-old Francis Fish, 1922 Or
leans street suffered from burns to
her body when she spilled some
hot water she was attempting to
take from the family stove.
Four and half year old Houston
Spencer. 6034 Mansur was treated
Tor burns OF the right arm and left
leg when scalded by a pot OF hot
beans.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
HERE'S WHAT
BLACK AND WHITE
OINTMENT DOES:

!. Being antiseptie, helps guard
against infection due 70
scratching.
4. Helps nature In healing
through antiseptie- -germicidal
action and stimulates sranu-
lation. often lessening the
sire Of scars.
). Helps relieve itching and
burning sensation when ap-
Piled ~ comforting dressing.
Read complete directions folder
in each package-snd use Black
and White Ointment only a.
directed. Be sure that you get
the original and genuine Black
and White Ointment in the
Black and White package, Is
nous from coast to coast.
The 5Ot size OF Black and
White Ointment contains moro
.bsa tsius = ~ = the 2H
size. Large bar Black and
White Skin Soap, 25f. TnL
sizes Of both products sold for
l0t at all dealers. u
When using soap for cleans
Ing, do not use harsh soap
Rely on mild Black and White
Skin Soap. Always insist On
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Lynn Committee To
Back 'Seabee' Probe

NEW YORK-Strohg support OF
the NAACP'S demand for an i'm.
mediate investigation Of racial dis
elimination against 1000 Negro
SeabeeS Of the 34th Construction
Battalion and condemnation of
such "un-American" diScyimina-
ton and segregation was voiced in
telegram 10 Navy Secretary For
restall by the LYNN COMMITTEE
TO ABOLISH SEGREGATION IN
THE ARMED FORCES
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Hold Conductor
On Assault Charge

Moses Zigler. 2s. 243 Watson
street, DSR conductor. was ques-
toned this week for an alleged
charge of felonious assault after
police learned he had struck three
men with switch bar while on
the street car.
Police learned that three white
ren had reportedly refused TO pay
their fares and after alishting from
the street car had thrown rocks.
breaking windows out Of the car
Jesse Patrick, 30. and white. 1871
ST. Jean and Walter Totel AZ and
white 6239 Helen street. told police
that the conductor had put two
boys of the street car and they
had broken the windows.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
AIR CORPS MEMBER HERE

Pfc. Cortez Miller left last week
end after a brief leave from the
Buckingham Fields Air base at Fl.
Myers, Va, 10 visit his parents and
family here. His wife. Mrs. Per-
rene Miller, lives in w. Garden
street. Pfc. Miller has been in the
service since April. l943. and was
working in a war plant here when
he was inducted He graduated
from Flint Northern in 1898 He
is a mechanic with the ground
force Of the air corps Pfc. Miller
predicts the war against Germany
will be over by April 25
His brother. Timothy Miller, saw
action for more than a year in the
Southwest Pacific and, having been
incapacitated. was honorably. dis
charged from the service.
BACK FROM Obi FRONT
Pfc Richard Allen, with 26
months OF service TO his credit in
Burma. India. and Chinar/1s here
on 2l-day emergency furlough
70 visit his mother, Mrs. A. Allen
~ OLA u n
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
FOUR ARRESTED
when OFFICERS
FIND BET SLIPS

Two men, both OF whom had
mutuel bet slips and money in their
possession when arrested last week
near Brush and Kenilworth streets
were named in a warrant charging
them with possession of gambling
paraphernalia. Saturday.
EARL A. KELLER, "a. 57l0 John
r street, had $52.70 on his person.
Records disclosed that he was sem
fenced TO pay SIS or serve 30 days
by Recorders Judge John J. Maher
on July 81. 1912 and was fined 81 900
or % months by Recorders Judge
Arthur z. Gordon.
Named I'm the warrant with
Keller was Mack Major. 33, 535
Hendrie street. In whose auto
police found . bag containing
S582.75 In cash and . $50 check.
WARRANTS WERE recommend
ed last week charging David York,
a, 2306 Madison avenue and Thea
may Ethridge. A, Of same address,
with possession of gambling para
phernalia.
Police say that they confiscated
S8,76 and 1000 policy return tickets
from the two men.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
High Court Defines
ADangerous Weapon

4 recent ruling made by State
Supreme court, in reversing the
conviction Of lower court, clari-
aed the Interpretation OF the
statutes pertaining 20 the defni-
iion Of a dangerous weapon"
Attorneys believe that the Su-
pyene Court decision will Do much
20 lessen the number OF citizens
arrested and held on a charge Of
carrying a dangerous weapon con-
ccalei on their person
In such cases. the court ruled,
IL becomes question as 10 whCth-
or such instruments are used or
carried for the purpose of Use as
Weapons OF assault or defense
THE STATE SUPREME Court
last week reversed the conviction
OF a 3l-year-old father OF four
children. found guilty OF carrying
a dan gcrouS weapon. by a Record
cr'S Court judge and ordered the
defendant DISCHARGED
The Supreme Court made the
ruling in favor Of Bennie Naines.
81. Of 1913 81. Joseph. a chipper
for Bohn Aluminium Company.
following his conviction on Feb.
3, 1914. by Recorders Judge W.
Mckay Skillman.
Police arrested Vaines for speed.
ing July 30. l943, and upon search
ing him found a knife with a
three-and-five-sixteenth inch blade
concealed upon his person
Through his attorney. Vaines
sought a new trial. following his
conviction by Judge Skillman The
new trial was denied and Vanes
was sentenced 10 serve one 20 fve
years in prison on Feb. Is. 1914.
IN ORDER 10 clarity The mean
ing Of the statutes Under which
VaineS was convicted on charge
OF carrying a dangerous weapon.
Judge Skillman assigned Attorney
Albert Summers 10 take the case
10 the State Supreme court.
Last week the Supreme Court
handed down It's opinion in the
case. ruling in favor OF the de-
neutrality-suspicious.. Vaines
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
THE SUPREME COURT said i,

THE SUPREME COURT said in
part The trial court determined
that the knife was dangerous
weapon within the meaning OF
Section 227. because il had a blade
more than three inches in length
That is, he applied the length-of-
blade test provided for in section
226 70 determine the defendant 5
guilt under section 227.
The trial court erred in using
the lengih-of f-blade test The
question presented on this appeal
IS whether or no; the knife car
ried by the defendant was a dan
gegouS weapon instruments
become DANGEROUS weapons only
when they are used or carried for
use as weapons.
THEREFORE, il becomes
question OF fact for court or
jury determination as 20 whether
or not such articles or instruments
are used or carried for the pur-
pose or use as weapons of assault
or defense The knife carried
by the defendant was not a dan
GevouS weapon per Sc"
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Gen. De Gaulle :
Writes College

GREENSBORO. NC. - A letter
expressing the gratitude Of General
Charles de Gaulle for the Living
Madonnas program held at Ben.
nett college December 10, was re.
ceived here last week by A. A.
Morisey, director OF publicity. The
program. which is q traditional
feature at the college. honored the
French liberation. brought to life
works of the French masters.
The letter, dated Paris, Feb. II,
l945. and written by General de
Gaulle's private secretary, stated
that the French leader was par
ticularly happy to hear that Ameri.
can students should celebrate in
such a touching way that great
date whose historical importance is
recognized by many"
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Back Ben Davis
In His Campaign

NEW YORK. N.Y-The National
Negro Congress this week vel
coined the announcement by New
York Councilman Benjamin J.
Davis Jr.. that he will run for re-
election in the coming New York
counci.manic contest. Council
man Davis has made a brilliant
record during his frst term" said
Thelna NJ Dale. acting secretary
Of the congress. "and has well rep
resented the people OF New York.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
SGT. KERSEY OVERSEAS

S-Sgt Don j. KcrSey. formerly
OF the signal corp Of the 365th In
fantry has been in Italy since Sep
tember. 1914. serving as a member
Of the 370th Infantry signal corp
unit Of the army A letter 10 his
mother. Mrs. Elisabeth KerScy Of
1912 Clifford street stated iha; he
was okey
His cousin. S-2c Floyd Bates. son
OF Mrs Catherine Adams Of 1914
Clifford street. recently here on
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Husband Burned,
Struck By Mate

William GivenS, SO. 1908 NJ. FL
lot; street, told police that his
wife. Ophelia, 80, had thrown lye
water on him and struck him with
a hand axe while he was asleep
in their home last week.
Police learned that the alleged
incident apparently resulted fol-
lowing some misunderstanding be-
tween the couple after he had re-
poriedly taken her 20 court.
Police confisca,ed a gun, axe and
I've from the premises and held the
young wife for investigation Of the
alleged assault.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Negro Censor Does
Work In 3 Tongues

UNITED KINGDOM BASE. Eng
land-Only Negro censor at the
First Base Post Office in the Eu-
ropean Theater OF Operations. GEN.
soring mail written in three foreign
languages. is First Lieut.. Rothwell
W. Burke. IS. OF 1856 Haverford
avenue. Philadelphia. Pa.
A regular army man with six
years service, Lieutenant Burke
vas commissioned in the Quar-
ternaster Corps in July. 1912, and
aas been overseas l8 months.
He is the husband OF Mrs. Emma
L. Burke and the father OF Roth
well Jr. l8 months old. OF the
HaVerfOrd Avenue address.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Seek &c. B." In
Shooting Here

Wounded BY a gunsho, in the
right thigh. Henry Miles Dillard.
p, 50l5 Brush street ,ola police
nat ne had been shot during a
scufle with man whom he knew
as C. B"
According 10 Dillard C B"
accused him OF being friendly
with his wife A scuffle over pos
session OF gun which Dillard
said belonged TO his foe resulted
in the shooting. so police learned
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Are You Bothered By
BURNING
MISERY OF
COMMON SKIN
IRRITATI0NS
Skin ca MarvAd 1e
Skin So Marred %
ACCOMPLISHMENTS sing

Life is dreary when externally
caused acne-pimples, bumps
(blackhesds) cause you to itch
and burn and scratch and make
yourself feel miserable, Ill BE-
cause you may be scratching
and rubbing your skin when
you really should be using ned
ication on it that's made TO
help relieve the symptoms Of
such skin conditions. That's
why so many thousands Of
packages of famous Black and
White Ointment have been sold
and used with such success for
80 many years. This comfort
ing, antiseptic ointment also
gives YOU real help in relieving
such miseries in cases Of letter,
Eczema, and simple Ringworm,
all due to external cause.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Miss Franzel To
Be Honored At
Dinner March %

Plans for a gala banquet 70 be
held in the Tetroit-IRland Hotel
and plans for reception follow
ing the Carlotta Franzel concert
March q were discussed AZ the
meeting held last Thursday by the
Patrons Of Arts At the Detroit AS
socistion OF Womcn's clubs. Mrs.
Haley Bell is the president.
Books chosen by the member
ship were distributed al this meet
Ing and St0O was given 10 the Pen
and Palette club. Those members
who did not receive their books.
might do so by calling for them at
Miss Nellie Watts Office IN the De-
troit Association Of Women's clubs
building.
The reception for Miss Franzel
Is 10 be held in this building, too
Immediately following the concert.
The next meeting Is on March -
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

street, recently.
He is seeing
action down in
the South Pa
cifc and his
crew has land
2 q on tn c
beach heads al
several islands
] on ( enough
for the seaman
20 get some
souvenirs from
he respective
islam d $ and
send them 10
k,c na~nNt G
here. He has
hoau nrOvOOfHl
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
OWING NEWS

The Peoples Athletic -Boka
Cleaners club team won victory
over the ClO Bowling team twhite)
last Wednesday al the ClO Bowl
Ing alleys al the ClO building AL
though the CIO team had been
making i; hot for the Peoples -Boka
team. l.. T Hellar. captain. finally
led his team 10 victory with 2li.
l43 and 200 for a 557 series. while
his tcam-mate. Sidney Horton. was
rolling up 534 series The other
members Of the team who showed
very we'll are Jarrct Skinner.
Gerald Redmond. Charles Klllo-
brew. and Jimmy Jones.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24


Ian d avenue.
Pfc Allen is
wearing tw o
bronze stars.
He declines 10
discuss details
Of his expert
G n c Q " h i c n
caused him, 10
b e presented
the citation. He
is a graduate
II Flint North
ern high school
aud was in
Quoted in Sep
tember Of 1912.
He rcCciVed his
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
City Lea ders
Back Drive For
Texas School

A public mass meeting 70 open
a drive for the purpose OF raising
funds 10 rebuild FIVE buildings Of
the St Paul Industrial Training
school in Malakoff, Texas, Will oe
held here al Tabernacle Baptist
church, Beechwood at Milford,
Sunday afternoon. March l8
The five original buildings were
completely demolished by torna-
do in December. 1913. Mrs Alice
Wingfield Smothers, principal OF
the school, will be 1he main
speaker az the mass meeting.
ST. PAUL INDUSTRIAL school
offers free religion and Industr. al
education 20 youths living N re-
mote rural sections OF the South
Il follows the Booker T Washing
ton idea OF education in teaching
efficiency in trade, craftsmanship,
and common labor.
Among other speakers who will
champion the schools cause al the
mass meeting will be Rev. Charles
Hill, Mrs Madeline Fowler, Dr..
D Howell. Dr. r H. Pittman and
DR. J T Thomas. The meeting
will De held al $50
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

c O lie sc, $
scheduled to
appear with
the Fisk Juhi-
zee Sing ers
Sunday. March
25. AZ the Flint
Central a u d i
;oriun He is
the son 81 the
Rev Il r Tur-
pin, pastor OF
the Nj. Olivct
Baptist church
here.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
MEN LOVE IT

Pluko has a fragrance men love. It's
compelling ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,
because the perfume-like scent Of il
fingers irresistibly about you all
through those precious night hours.
And although Pluko brings such
added lustre to your hair, although
it has such exquisite qualities, Pluko
costs very little to use. II is sold by
dealers everywhere in generous eco
nomical sizes. In Amber. 2Sc, in
White. SOC. Try Pluko once, and
you'll never be without il. Demand
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
HAD DOPE. GETS ) YEARS

Calvin Daniels. IS. pleaded gull
~ last week 10 possession Of mari
huana and was sentenced 10 three
years by Federal Judge Arthur F.
Lederle.
Police say that 277 grains Of the
drug had been found in his room
las- Fob IH
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
NEWS OF FLINT

leave. has been rated as the out
standing in recreation at the Great
Lakes training base where he is
stationed as assistant physical edT-
cation director.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

basic training with the quarter
master at F. Benn.ng. Ga, and Fl
Mcclellan. Ala unit az the armed
forces His father Is Richard Allen
Of DETROIT.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
CONVALESCING

Mrs. w. H. McGhee OF Pasadena
avenue. who has been under the
doctors care for several months, is
improving.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
THE DETROIT-TUSK SKEGEE

Alumni ASSOCIATION IS laying the
ground work for It's postwar
period program in which il shall
participate more fully in aiding in
the rehabilitation Of the returning
veterans. Not only the alumni. bu;
the entire public is invited 10 al
tend this Interesting affair.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

During those thrilling hours when
you are with him. your hair must
look its loveliest. You can enchsnt
him completely with softer, smoother
hair that lends magic TO those inti-
mate moments. That's why glamour
wise women everywhere are count.
ing so much on Pluko.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
Tuskegee Alumni
Presents Wayne
Sociologist

The Detroit-Tuskegee Alumni as
socisiion will celebrate its Found
ers Day program March 25, al 4:30
pm. in the YWCA, 500 East Eliza
beth street.
This program is in horror and
memory of lis illustrious founder.
the late Booker T. Washington.
GUEST SPEAKER will be DR.
Edward w. Mcfarland, professor OF
sociology. Wayne university He
is chairman of Fair Employment
Practices committee in Detroit. and
is also serving on the lnterracial
committee.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

Odd-lot shoes represent roughly
from , per cent 10 5 per cent of .
stores inventory.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
IN ACTION

Seaman lc Walter Gilmore is in
The middle OF II. according 10
letter 20 his parents, Mr. and
Mrs Walter Gilmore of Park
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24

several iimes durlng The Iast 20
days. He is a graduate Of Flint
Central and vas induc;ed IN 1912
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
A HAIR BEAUTIFIER

For more beautiful looking hair Use
Pluko, a genuine Black and White
creation. For Pluko actually does
beautify your hair as il helps you to
comb il out hatteringly smooth and
soft. Hair cared for with Pluko Hair
Dressing becomes easier to arrange,
really behaves beautifully, and stays
set" longer. You'll find il can be
such fun to do" your hair in many
heart-winning ways. while this fa-
nous dressing keeps it well-groomed.
-hi2iyNm, .rsooth for n1anY-hOurs.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
FISK JUBIIEE SINGER

Robert r Turin Jr., senior den.
tal Studerf Al MehlrrN MedlCa
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
BOWELS SLUGGISH?

rssins ike voo .ost vcui osst frieao-
.sdsohy-duii-sli beosuss a Luggish bow
i'r Why put up Win con,tps,,on rn,,-ryp
Shsw modern FEEN-A. MINT. the pleasant.
tssuas chewing gum isHsnvs Chs~ FEEH.
A. MINT tonight ~ bedtime tsk,ns oni, N
accordance nth pscksgs dirseuoos Nsx,
morning thorough, ssntls c~l,sf. helping you
VEL ,-el again. Millions rely On FEES A.
MINT. Chez like your fsvos{ts gum. Tsu.,
:ood. Try fEENA- MINT whole family
upply coats only iof.
The Michigan chronicle., 1945-03-24
BACK PAIN =?
HEAT-oUIcKl

Heat relieves muscle rsin,- gsicLiy. .f,e.
tfsr rly. To get welcome. continued heat
relief, for dsyS right at the sore SPOT. sppI,
one be Johnson'S RED CROSS PLASTER
or the heavier. warmer Johnson, Bsck
Plaster. g.. The mild, active medication
gently heat, the back. stir, up blood cireu-
lston. hght, congestion. ease, pain.
Warm cloth covering retains body heat, pre-
tect, back sgainu chilling. provides eontin-
uous support Trv this clean. easy. proved
wsv to heat treat" simple bseksehe and
other musculsr rsin' TN eass
ot chrome haeksehe see your doctor)
Al~sy, insist on the GENUINE. made by
Johnson & johnson.
SehMe,ss RED CROSS PLASTER
ge.m.e,!. BACK PLASTER
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-07
ASSISTING MRS. ROBERTS

ASSlSIiN6 MkS. kObkklS
was her s.ster, Mss Jullette
Brasher. wAo officla,ed az the sill
yer tea service
Among the many guests who
came laden with SITS were: Mrs.
J Brssher. Mss c. Brasher. Mrs.
Mad son Moore. mother OF the
honoree. Mrs. Mary Lee Miss D
Price. D. Searcy l.. McGruder;
McSdamcs W. G.',ard. F. Walden,
3 Moore. O Bryant, V Gillian.
w Gordon c. Hayes. r Howard,
II. Banks, V. Colbert. X. Coulter.
c D.ckeysor. y McDu'ie. z. VII
iJams J Walker, c. Garner, l.
Adams. II Ivory. " Keith. V.
Mcador. VI Norman. J Nathaniel
O. Newooid. l. Polk and n.
SaNdrlck
The bride was shoWercd with
innunerable exquisite gifts.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1945-04-07
Seaman Returns
On A Short Visit

Seaman First Glass An drew
Buddy Wsundless. stationed at
Great Lakes. Illinois. was a stu