davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-19
First Step to Merger
By Maj. Georse Fieldins Eliot

The most deplorable result of the
recent discussions over merging the
War and Navy Departments is the
bitter atmosphere of interservice con-
troversy which has been brought into
being. II this is permitted to continue,
it may jeopardize whatever good re-
suits of cooperative effort are being
sought by the legislation.
The real bone of contention is the
budget.
Every officer with any experience in
presenting peacetime military budgets
to the Appropriations Committees of
Congress knows that such proposals
are likely to be reduced sharply. Every
of1icer in the service ut the end Of the
war has painful recoiections OF the
rapid decline of American lighting pow
er due to successive reduction in ap-
preparations.
There can, conceivably. be one of
three types of departmental organiza-
tion-one department, as the current
legislation proposes, with subdivisions
for Army, Navy and Air; two depart
ments, leaving matters as they now
stand: three departments. If the final
decision Is not to have unification, but
to create a separate Department of Air
and separate Air Force.
y ~
The Navy is strongly opposed to one
department because it feels that it
would have much better chance to get
needed funds by making its own case.
The Army Air Forces are strongly
opposed to the present system of being
subordinate element within the War
Department.
The Army Ground Forces are strong
1y opposed to the three-department
system because they feel the Navy and
the Air Forces would get the bulk Of
national security dollars.
All this is perfectly natural and
reasonable. 1t is not, generally speak
ing, a matter Of personal pride or pride
of service. It is . matter of honest
conviction Of men whose basic desire
sis that America shall be strong and
secure, and who believe very sincerely
that the particular service must have
It's due measure of recognition and
support to prevent fatal impairment Of
this strength and security.
The matter needs Tar more careful ~
Evening star., 1945-11-19
This Changing World
By EoMstaMtine Broom

France. They are all oficials appointed
by the Minister Of Justice, and their
power Is far greater than that of any
American Judge. This Is particularly
true In regard to the "juge d'instruc-
tion," corresponding roughly to our
State or district attorneys who work in
close cooperation with the police.
The Ministry of Education and the
new Ministry of Propaganda are Of
equal Importance. The teachers from
the grade schools to the university pro-
fessprs are paid by the state and are
under the thumb Of the Education Min
lister. They can be made into handy
tool for the dissemination Of political
thought by Monsieur lie ministre."
The Propaganda Minister has much
more important and powerful position
in France than the head of the ONCE
Of War Information in wartime in this
country. Not only does he possess
access to all sources of information-the
telegraph and telephones are controlled
in the government which exercised 4
mild censorship even before the war
but he directly controls the only remain
ing news agency, the equivalent OF our
press associations and has the power
not play the: game"
The struggle between Gen, de Gaulle
and the Communist members OF the Ma
tional Assembly is, in fact. a struggle for
real power. If Gen. de Gaulle were to
agree that any or all of the major cabi-
net positions should be entrusted to
cabinet officers desiganted by the secre-
tary general OF the Communist party,
he knows he would become a mere
puppet in the hands of an organization
which takes all its cues from Moscow
Many OF the Communist leaders, in
cluding ThoreZ, found haven in the
Soviet capital when early in. the war
the French authorities tried to arrest
them because they comprised one OF
the most powerful fifth columns in
France. Gen. de Gaulle has no assur-
ance that his compliance with the Com
munists' request would not bring a simi-
lar situation in Frances political field
Blum is said to advocate a compro-
mise meeting the Communists halfway
without, however, placing too much
power in their hands. Bidault is re-
ported to advocate firmer attitude
But the menace of a general strike
which the Communists can order since
they control the ma jority of the labor
organization might induce Bidault to
line up with Blums more conciliatory
policies.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

The political crisis In France, which
is fundamentally test between Gen.
Charles de Gaulleis popularity and pres
tige and the power Of the Communist
party is expected in some diplomatic
quarters here to end in De Gaulle's
favor. ~
The Communists, who are better
organized and are provided with larger
funds than all the other parties to-
gether, have elected a greater number
of representatives In the National As
sembly than any other single political
group. But the principal supporters
of Gen. de Gaulle, the Socialists of the
left and the Christian Socialists COM
bined have an overwhelming superior
ity in the new chamber.
Their leaders, the elder statesmen
Leon Blum and the Christian Socialist
leader Georges Bidault are divided by
many political differences. However,
both are opposed to Communist domin-
alton Of the cabinet which Gen. de
Garlle intended to organize and are re-
ported to be in agreement with the
general as far as distribution of port
folious Is concerned.
The normal leader Of the Communists
Is Maurice Thorez, who also is secre-
tary Of the party. But the real power
rests in the hands of the veteran agi-
tator Cachin and the Messrs. Duclos
and Franchon, who are regarded in
Paris as the voice of Moscow"
@ Following the tactics in other coun-
tries where Communists have been in
troduced into the government, Duclos
has demanded that the Ministries of
Interior, Justice. Education and Propa-
ganda be entrusted to party leaders
In other words. the Communists have
always demanded and succeeded in OBJ
tanning the most important political post
In countries under their direct influence.
\ = X
The Department of Interior, which
In European countries controls the po-
lice, is vital for the future of the Com
munist party. With the ordinary and
secret police under control Of a loyal
party member, it can do much to fur
ther the cause" The Interior De-
partment is more important in France
than in any other country In Europe.
Besides having under its jurisdiction
the large police forces it also controls
the projects. officials appointed by the
Minister OF Interior who can have die
tatorial power in the 96 departments
into which the country is divided.
The Ministry of Justice is next in
Importance because the entire judicial
body of France is under its juris-
diction. There are no elected judges in
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Junkinq Our Planes

NOtIllIlS CUulu DctLeI l1luSCTaLe the
peacetime uselessness Of the things
OF war than the Army Navy pro-
gram to scrap combat planes. Every
thing that can be salvaged and sold
will be salvaged and sold, and Ger
tain percentage of each type of
craft-in the case of the Army about
10 per cent-will be retained for
training and other purposes, but the
overwhelming bulk of all our fight
ers and bombers, built at a cost of
billions of dollars, will be torn apart,
hammered into junk, allowed to rust
away or be melted down into ingots
for disposal in a doubtful market.
The job has already begun in
Oklahoma, Arkansas and elsewhere,
and even the beautiful B-29s and
the B-32S, which were produced too
late for extensive combat, are not
to escape the junkyard. The honors
of battle rest on large numbers of
them, more than little sentiment
is attached to them, and all cost
great deal of money, but neither
feelings nor sense of economy can
justify the upkeep of these thou
sands of planes now that peace is
here and their task is done and the
future crowds in to make them OBJ
solete. It is something that the
American people must accept as one
of the inevitable wastes of war. The
craft simply are no good for civilian
purposes: billions went into building
them, but the most they can sell for
now is a cent or two, or less, on the
dollar.
Economy minded citizens may
find all this rather hard to take, but,
wholly apart from the fact that
these planes have no marketable
civilian value and that high policy
plus lack of demand must restrict
sales abroad, scrapping them may
be regarded as a long-term security
measure. For it is true, as General
Arnold, chief of the Army Air Forces,
has declared, that the United States
has always shown a dangerous
willingness" to hold on to obsolete
weapons after every war and that
to repeat this error in the future
could mean annihilation. Actually,
in his opinion, in view of the worlds
steady scientific and chronological
advances, we must not only carry
through the present junking pro-
gram, but must also be prepared to
replace about one-fourth of our
equipment-whatever we may de-
velop henceforth-with ever-newer
equipment each year from now on.
The billions of dollars worth of
planes currently scheduled for
scrapping is not all. Billions of
dollars worth of other equipment
must 60 the same way. The Amer
lean people, of course, have every
right to demand that the Army and
Navy salvage as much as they can
and get as many cents back on the
dollar as possible. Beyond that,
however, we must write off the enor-
nous bulk loss as one of the un-
avoidable costs of modern war.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
A New Prize of War

1t is historically unique that sci
entists should be regarded more or
less as spoils of war, as they are
regarded now Ever since the COL
lapse of Germany, there have been
stories suggesting kind of scramble
among the victorious Allies to get
their hands on the physicists. the
chemists. the engineers and all the
other experts who perfected such
things as v weapons for Hitler. The
Russians are said to have induced
quite few of them to carry on their
labors in the Soviet Union under
attractive conditions, and it is rea-
sonable to assume that the British
have done the same, and certainly
we have not been laggard in the
matter either, as witness the closely
guarded arrival of eighty eight Of
them in New York the other day.
All of 1t looks like sort of repara-
,tions arrangement, with each of the
Allies trying to get as great a share
as possible. As for the German SCI
entists themselves. it is not improb-
able that they rather like the idea
OF being so much in demand. They
are not free. of course. but any man
who knows lot Of things about the
atom these days, or about rocket
propulsion, electronics, etc, can be
fairly sure Of being handled well,
even II he once happened to work
for Hitler. For the first time In
history, the scientist has become a
top-notch prize of war, with his cap
tors apparently offering him good
and respectful treatment. The fact
is in keeping with the profoundly
revolutionary character of our age,
when the test tube and the CYCLIC
tron seem far more potent, in some
ways, than whole armies and navies.
One must hope, however, that the
Allies, in rounding up the scientists
of the Axis, will find this additional
talent more serviceable for peace
than for figuring out new horrors
for future war.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

animation than 1t has had so far. And
there is no need for haste. The existing
system worked satisfactorily during the
war. 1t could protect us against any
emergency that the immediate future
, may bring. And it would, think, be a
mistake to force unification on the
Navy at this time, while naval officers
feel so strongly about 1t and while they
are able to say that its virtues are still
in the realm of improvement.
But some measure Of coordination is
necessary now to enable us to make
wise decisions as Nation concerning
our military policy. The system pro-
posed by Secretary Forrestal and
Ferdinand Eberstadt calls for National
Security Council do be composed of
the Secretaries of State, War, Navy and
perhaps aiD working closely with the
joint chiefs of staff, the whole under
the supervision of the President.
We shall need such system anyway
In order to bring our foreign and
military policy into closer relationship
and balance Why not try this first?
Proponents OF the plan say that 1t will
give us sufficient degree of co-ordina-
tion without unified department.
Possibly it will. Since we need it
anyway, why not try it and find out2
II it does not produce the necessary
tnterservice coordination, after a trial
of two to perhaps flve years, then those
who now propose 1t as substitute for
uniication will have little ground on
which to object to unified depart
ment.
4&4
II it does do what is claimed for It,
we shall have avoided q grave error in
our military policy. And there would
be time, In the interval, for the full
dress study by an impartial civilian
commission OF al the problems OF our
military policy In their relations to each
other and to the national needs and
interests as q, whole. Nor need this
decision prejudice q thorough re-
examination of the position Of the Army
Air Forces. II separate air depart
ment is needed it could be created, and
could subsequently fit intosa unification
plan II that were to prove the only way
to get full and workable service CO.
ordination.
tosssrisAa isAs.l
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Dr.. Frank MichIer Chapman

1t is an interesting fact that DR..
Frank Michler Chapman, the great
est American ornithologist of his
generation, now dead at 81, owed
nothing to schools. He was self
taught, and the scene of his instruc-
ton was the open field the world
around-not the office on the fifth
floor of the American Museum of
Natural History in New York, to
which he sent back his specimens
and the notes of his observations.
With him always experience took
precedence over even the most con-
genial theory. He believed only what
he had seen, but it must be added
at once that no other man of his
time possessed eyes more active,
more eager or more competent.
The sixteen books which he left as
q heritage for a multitude of bird
lovers are not merely bird guides.
DR., Chapman was concerned about
the whole marvellous unity of ma
ture. It was that sense of harmony.
of kinship between all forms of
creation, that prompted him to in
vent the so-called habitat group
system" of museum display. He did
not isolate the birds from their en-
vironment. On the contrary he
studied them, represented them in
the surroundings of forest or
meadow or seashore to which they
belonged. The first of his new ex-
hibitionS, set up about four decades
ago, was slice" of Cobbs Island,
Virginia, with black skimmers and
other native birds shown against
background of rocks, shrubs, grasses
and sand actually brought from
Cobbs.
But Mr.. Chapman was not Just a
popularizer of ornithology. His sci
ence was very deep, truly profound.
The bound volumes of Bird Lore"
the magazine which he established
IN 1899, prove his skill as corre-
lator of common sense about birds.
He was no dreamer. His colleagues
acknowledged his practical leader
ship when they chose him president
of the Linnaean Society, the Amer
icaf Ornithologists' Union and the
Burroughs Memorial Association. A
larger public applauded him for
nersuading President Theodore
Roosevelt to set aside the first ma
tional bird Observation-Disclosures Is
land in Florida-and thus to launch
q new phase of national conserva-
ton.
The collection Of bird specimens
at the American Museum, which
DR.. Chapman increased from 10 600
to more than 10000, will be one of
his monuments. More lasting, per-
haps, Is his Handbook of Birds of
Eastern North America" which has
been best seller in It's class ever
since it originally was published in
1895. But most important OF all was
the example he set as = man happy
rs well as notably successful In Z
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Realism. Well ReolIy!
Prom the St. Louis rost-pi,patch-

FROM the 81 LOUIS Eost-Dspatch.
Over In Russia the motion picture In.
dustry has made new step, forward or
back, depending on the way you want
to take 1t. They've worked out process
for making pictures so three-dimen.
sional they just jump right out at YOU,
Any violence on the screen, looks 50 real.
1t is said. the audience instinctiyely
ducks.
We may leave aside the question
whether the nervous system Of modern
man is In any condition to cope with
this sort Of thing. But what's Eoinr To
become Of the visual arts?
Evening star., 1945-11-19
In Behalf of the Starving

To the Editor Of The Star:
The great majority Of the American
people still need fuller realization of
conditions in cold and starving Europe.
Action is imperative now with winter
near. To millions in Europe liberation
has meant only hunger, cold and chaos.
Is it not strange how many billions
we spend on waging war and how
promptly We act on military matters,
but how apathetic we are when we
deal with the problems of peace?
Those who are concerned about reme-
dying these conditions should write
their congressman and the President
urging America to do its share in alle-
waiting in some way the suffering of
the millions in need in Europe.
w. P. NYCE.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

alization," he warns, will not help
much. The task will be to prove
that "the means used to prevent war
are less costly, economically and
socially, than the means used to
terminate it and that the. ends of
peaceful living are more rewarding
than Is war" Armed strife does
not have to happen. That is the
fact worth emphasizing.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Urges Withdrawing From China

Urges Withdrawing From China
To the Editor of The Star:
The Federation of Architects, En-
gineers, Chemists and Technicians,
Washington Chapter IA, afiiliated CIO
Union, has taken the following position
with regard to the present situation In
China:
We propose that: "a AL American
troops, including United States Marines,
Immediately be withdrawn from Chinese
territory; CD the American Air Force
and Navy cease all operations involving
the movement Of troops or military ma
teTiel or other assistance for the Chinese
armies; CD the United States lend no
further military aid or military materiel
to China until peaceful government is
formed and functioning, and % the
Chinese government be requested to
cease the use In the civil var Of lease
lend material formerly received from
the United States. FRANCIS vANE,
President. Chapter Il, FAECT-O1o.
Evening star., 1945-11-19
Movement

The sedgHN takes the mind
As the tDater the w0Us
And the t,Do together
Make q beauty out OF movement
That q poet neuer gaze
Though he matched until the sun
DretD the clouds beneath tie sea.
And the moon arising
Let them tall
In manner almost masic6l--
For Dbo can say the Dapes don't ss,see
And tuho ipho hears 81
Can reproduce ss
Ths spunse ot spihdrift,
The silent flight
of The seagGHs winey
DAVID HUDSON.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

All the Thanksgiving oratory sums
up in one single phrase: Lets eat"
Meanwhile, millions of people in
less-favored parts of the globe have
nothing like that to be thankful for.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

selfless work of intellectual progress.
It was characteristic OF him that
he said he had but a single regret
namely, that he never could tell
the birds how much he admired
them
Evening star., 1945-11-19

Perhaps the crowds in restaurants
and cafeterias could be limited indi-
rectly if only somebody would invent
a modern equivalent of the tradi-
tional full dinner pail.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

Other nations are criticizing US
for holding on to the secret of the
atomic bomb. After the last war
Uncle Sam was Uncle Shylock, and
after this one he is just on old atom
miser.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

Perhaps OPA has not noticed that
very few people wear old clothes.
The kind they can buy in the store
nowadays don't last that long, no
matter how much they pay for them.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

The star Betelguese in Orion is
260,000,000 miles wide. About the
same distance, it seems, as that be-
tween home and the office when
there is a transportation strike.
Evening star., 1945-11-19

A glance at the Indian carvings
on the rocks in the deserts OF
Arizona gives the passerby whatever
proof he may need that most mod
ern art is neither art nor modern.
Evening star., 1945-07-02

The marriage of Miss Helen Han
dleman, daughter of Mr. and Mrs
Myer C. Handleman, to Mr.. Harold
Gold, Naval Reserve, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Morris Gold of Brooklyn,
took place yesterday in Walter
Reed Memorial Chapel, Chaplain
Louis Paris officiating at the cere-
mony.
Escorted and given in marriage by
her father, the bride was costumed
in white net, Mary Queen of Scots
hat holding her veil, and she car
ried a white prayer book decorated
with orchids and shower Of
stephanotis.
Miss Gay Handleman was her
sisters maid of honor and wore
yellow taffeta and net and carried
American Beauty roses.
Miss Marilyn Blanken, Miss Flor
ence Bachrach, Miss Sylvia Sher-
man and Miss Florence Gold, sister
of the bridegroom, were the brides
maids. They were dressed in pink
and blue net and carried yellow
tea roses matching the flowers in
their headdresses.
Mr.. Martin Gold was best man for
his brother, and the ushers were Mr.
Nathan Segal, Maritime Service,
Evening star., 1945-07-02

Til victory is in the bag" payroll
savings mustn't lag.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Mr.. John T.LOulan
WedS in RO1bury

st. Johns Church in Roxbury
Mass, was the scene of the marriage
Sunday, June "a, of Miss Bar
bara Lotus. daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. John w. Joftus of that city,
to Mr.. John T. Loulan, U. S. NJ, son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Francis J. Loulan,
sr.. of Washington.
The bride was given in marriage
by her father and wore gown of
white satin and mousSeline de sole.
Her finger-tip veil of illusion was
held in place by tiara of orange
blossoms and she carried a white
prayer book covered with two Gala
lilies and baby's breath.
Mrs. Albert H. Eaton, sister Of the
bride, was the matron of honor and
wore a princess style gown of pale
blue morris taffeta with match
ing headdress and she carried a
bouquet of American beauty roses
Mr.. Eaton, U. S. N, was best man
A reception followed at the home
of the brides parents. After visit
in New York, Mr.. Loulan and his
bride will reside in this city until the
bridegroom returns to sea duty.
Evening star., 1945-07-02
Nancy Madeira
Becomes Bride

OF interest in Washington is the
wedding of Miss Nancy Madeira,
daughter of the late Mr.. and Mrs.
Albert P. Madeira to Mr.. Stanley
Ward MacConnell, son of Mr.. Ed
ward H. MacConnell of Newbury-
port and the late Mrs. MacConnell.
The ceremony took place June %
in the Chestnut Hill home of the
brides uncle and Aunt, Mr.. and Mrs
Donald K. Packard, with whom she
has made her home.
The Right Rev. John T. Dallas
Bishop of New Hampshire, off1ciated
assisted by the Rev. Norman B
Nash, rector of st. Paul's School in
Concord.
The bride is a niece of the founder
of the Madeira School and was
graduated from the Brimmer School
and Wells College.
Given in marriage by her brother
Mr.. Albert P. Madeira, jr, the
bride wore a gown of ivory satir
trimmed with rosepoint lace, which
was worn by her mother. Her bou.
quet was of gardenias. white del.
phinium and baby's breath. Mrs
Parker P. King was matron of homo
anad the maid of honor was Mis-
Carolyn Joy.
Mr.. Norman H. MacConnell wa
best man for his brother and tn
ushers were Mr.. Ronald J. CLARK
Mr.. Harry G. Trefry, Mr. Langdol
Lea, jr; Mr.. Cameron Bradley, MI
Montgomery S. Bradley and MI
| Ladd Macmillan.
Evening star., 1945-07-02

ment at 1901 M street NV. the
middle of July.
Mr.. Ralph Heitmuller spent the
week end with Mrs. Heitmuller and
their three sons, who opened their
cottage at Rehoboth Beach fort
night ago. He will join them fire.
quently for week ends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Smith and
their daughter, Miss Mary Harvey
Smith, are at Virginia Beach for
early July
Ensign Miller W. Marshall, son of
Mrs. Raymond McKinless, has been
home on leave for some days and is
the guest of his mother and Mr..
McKinless A member Of the Mer-
chant Marine, Ensign Marshall has
seen duty in many seas since he en-
tered the service and will be off
again soon for the Mediterranean
area.
Mr.. and Mrs. McKinless have
given several parties for Ensign
Miller and he also has been hon
ored by others during his visit here
He spent the week end in Baltimore
and will return today to be with his