davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
Marines Capture 1hiya Island Unopposed
By ROBERT GEIGER

IHIYA ISLAND, Okinawa, June 5 Oelayed)-Rugged and tensed Marines of the Eighth Regimental Combat team splashed ashore on this little island three hundred ten miles south of Kyushu on June third behind a stiff rocket shell fire barrage beneath low flying air cover and found no one but docile natives.
 The only Japs in the whole garrisoning a tiny island island nearby watched the barrage and promptly rowed over in a long boat to surrender the entire one hundred fifty-six men garrison.
 Admiral Nimitz today announc- ed the unopposed occupation of Ihiya and Aguni on June third and ninth respectively, but didn't mention the third.
 Ihiya is eight miles long, about twenty miles northwest of Okin- awa's northern tip. Aguni is about thirty-five miles west of central Okinawa.
 The garrisons were evidently called by Okinawa more than two months earlier to aid in the futile defense of the island.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
President Truman In Berlin, Tours
 Wrecked Heart Of Ravished Berlin

originally scheduled for today are apparently delayed until tomor- row.
 Stalin and Molotov are gener- ally believed to be in Potsdam. Churchill, chewing dourly on his cigar, inspected the Reich's Chan celery in the afternoon asked the Russina escort how the Nazis there died.
 The President slipped out of Potsdam for two hours after his tour and inspected the United States Second Armored Division along one of the superhighways that Hitler built. This is a division of the American Occupation Force.
 Tn Berlin Churchill called on Truman in the first meeting since Roosevelt's death, but this was
 Continued on Page Five)
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
Truman NOminates VinsOn To Succeed Morgenthau

WASHINGTON, July 16-tP- President Truman nominated War Mobilization chief Vinson to suc- ceed Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau. Truman acted ahead of schedule in order to comply with the request of Morgenthau that the new secretary be named withou delay so he could tackle a number of pending financial prob- lems.
 Truman as first planned to sub init Vinson's nomination only af- ter returning from the Big Three meeting in Berlin.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
Australians Within Five Miles Of
 Borneo Oil Center

MANILA, July 16-tP)-Jap re- sistance is melting into the jungle as Australian troops pushed to within five miles of the big Bor- neo oil field center of Sambadja in the swamps near the west coast.
 The Aussies made five miles in two days. General Macarthur re- ported that after two weeks of hard slogging in which gains were usually registered in yards against desperate enemy resistance.
 The pipeline ran from Sambodja to the refineries at Balikpapan, but it is suspected that both it and the wells will be found sabotaged by the retiring Japs.
 The Australian coastal drive on Sambodja is also aimed ultimately towards Samardina thirty-six miles northwest of Sambodja.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
King Leopold Says He Will Not Abdicate

BRUSSELS. July 16-(R The Belgian cabinet met in an emer- gency session after an announce ment by Prime Minister Van Acker that King Leopold had de- cided against abdicating, but had also decided not to return to Bel gium immediately.
 Rumors are current that the King addressed a message to the Belgian people saying he wanted to await the general election be- fore making up his mind on the course of action, but there is no confirmation of this.
 Van Acker told newspapermen yesterday in view of this situation the Regent Prince Charles has refused the resignation" conse- quently the present government will go into office again.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16

POTSDAM, July 16 - P - President Truman talked with Prime Minister Churchill and toured the wrecked heart of Der lin preliminary to the first Big Three meeting at which the war with Japan will likely be the lead ing topic.
 The first American President to visit Germany in twenty-five years, Truman has the opportun- ity to see Hitler's ruined and footed Chancellery, the battle scared Reichstag, the wreckage of the Tiergarten.
 The Soviet spokesmen said they had no word of word of when Stalin and Molotov would arrive in Potsdam, but added "they will be here in time for the opening conference" The opening sessions
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
ERASE JAP CITIES
US. Can Hurl 5000 Planes A Day Against Japan

GUAM, July 16-(P)-Ameri- can land based air power in the Pacific can hurl three thousand planes at Japan in single day by coordinating tactical and strategic air forces, which are now being realigned for great pre-invasion assaults on the homeland.
 Lt.-Gen. Barney Giles said in predicting that the first contin- gent of Eighth Airforce Super forts under Doolittle will arrive "by the middle of next month" Giles is the new strategic air forces deputy commander, and he added pointed comment that in Japan itself "there is nothing left as an individual target" worth even a thousand plane raid.
 Under the new alignment Giles explained, the fury of the Super fort program will about be doub- led" Superforts will concentrate their "full destructive weight where it will put Japan out of the warmaking business as far as pos sible."
 The Twenty-first Bomber Com mand on Guam, old Superfort groups in China and India which have been inactivated will all be consolidated under the new USASTAF, the official designa- ton of the United States Army Strategic Air Forces. Gen. Carl Spaaz, with Giles as deputy, heads the consolidated strategic forces.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
5 Cities Erased:
 l3 Badly Damaged In Sea-Air Strike

GUAM, July 16-P)-DealinG the enemy a devastating success sion of blows the United States sea and air might virtually erased three Japs cities and struck heav- fly at thirteen others. They sank or destroyed one hundred fifty two surface craft over the week end.
 The powerful Third Fleet all but leveled two Jap oil centers in northern Japan, while it's carrier planes burned another to the ground and winged offshore to knock off one hundred eight thou sand tons of shipping, and joined American land based aircraft to bomb and strafe thirteen addition al Jap towns and cities.
 Domei said the fleet had with drawn presumably because of bad weather but warned it might re- turn at any time and any place. Domei said twenty-five hundred carrier planes took part in the strikes on northern Honshu and Hokkaido, fifteen hundred Sun day and a thousand on Saturday.
 The agency claimed in early re- ports that the damage was slight. Tokyo radio said enemy" sub marine shelled Shiriya on the
 Continued on Page Four
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
2OOO B29s Have
 Made Two Landings

GUAM, July 16-(P)-The First Bomber Command says that near ly two thousand Superforts have made emergency landings on Two Jima since the advance base was set up in April.
The Nome nugget., 1945-07-16
Byron Nelson Wins Golf Title

DAYTON, O., July 16- R - Byron Nelson won the national professional golf title by defeating Sammy Byrd four and three.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Munpower
Continued From First Page.)

ever, to draw the fire of friends o.
organized labor in the House.
Chairman May was hopeful o.
bringing that bill out of committee
before evening. but some of his col.
leagues were skeptical, in view o.
the many changes that are waiting
to be disposed of. Even after the
committee acts, the bill appears tt
be heading toward stiff floor fight
because of the opposition of organ.
lied labor and the National Associ.
alton of Manufacturer to compul.
sorry manpower controls.
AS further complication, the
farm bloc in the House is uneasy
through fear that too many farm
laborers between 18 and 26 will be
drafted, as result of the recent
directive War Mobilization Director
Byrnes sent to selective service
with the approval of the President
for a review of farm deferments.
The farm labor problem prompted
the Military Committee to delay its
deliberations yesterday afternoon
long enough to call in War Fooe
Administrator Marvin Jones ano
w. r. Ogg, a spokesman for the
American Farm Bureau Federation
Mr.. Jones said he thought the
work-or-be-drafted bill would be
helpful to agriculture, in that il
would provide means of holding
essential workers on the farms as
well as in war factories. He asked
for amendments, however, to make
it clear that officials of agriculture
as well as labor and management
would be consulted on manpowel
needs, and to protect the existing
Tydings amendment to the Selec-
tive Service Act, governing farm
deferments.
Mr.. Ogg revealed that Edward A.
O'Neal, head of the Farm Bureau
Federation, has written War Mo-
bilization Director Byrnes, asking
that the recent directive to draft
Evening star., 1945-01-19
James B. Griffin Renamed
Credit Union President

James B. Griffin was reelected
president of the Public Debt Federal
Credit Union at the 10th annual
meeting of that organization re-
Gently in the unions office in the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Annex. The union also declared a
dividend of is per cent to its sub
scribers.
Other officers elected were Byrd
Leavell, vice president; H. w. VOL
ford, treasurer; William A. White,
assistant treasurer, and Mrs. Lillian
z. White, secretary. The Board of
Directors for 1945 is composed of
Mr.. Griffin, Mr.. Leaven, Mr.. VOL
ford, Mr. White, Mrs. White, Frank
G.. Howell, Earl Grantham, Albertus
Schroeder, j. Waldo johnson, Guy
Sutton and Lloyd G. Shumac.
Appointed to serve on the Credit
Committee were Mr.. Shumac, Mr..
White and Mr. Schroeder, while
Vera Morris, Texie D. Myers and
Joseph Mcclellan we're appointed to
the Supervisory Committee.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
ABOARD THE 7th FLEET FLAG
SHIP OFF LUzON, Jan. ia man
who is death to the Japanese aloft
or aground, 1t. Alex (the indie
structible) Vraciu, Is, came back to-
day from the realms of the missing
after five weeks of guerrilla life on
Luzon.
The guerrillas were ready to well
come him with clothing before he
even hit the ground that day last
December IA when a japanese bull
let pierced his oil tank while his
plane was over an enemy airfield
on Luzon and he had to parachute
He led his own band of 160 guer-
rillas while awaiting Gen. Mac
Arthur's invasion troops.
Today the East Chicago Qnd. }
Navy flyer, who has shot down 19
Japanese planes and destroyed 81
more on the ground, strolled up the
gangway, grinning through an inch
long beard. A japanese saber
oo1l6lCd 11Olll LILO "A Udp-
anese pistol was in one hand.
1t looked bad for 1t. Vraciu, a
hero of the first battle of the
Philippines Sea of last June, when
his Hellcat fighter was hit over
Luzon December IA while he was
participating in air actions sup
porting the invasion the next day
of Mindoro Island.
He stuck by the falling plane as
long as he could to avoid para
chuting right on the enemy airfeld,
luckily landed at a spot momen-
tarily clear of japanese and was
hurried off by the guerrillas to an
American officer with them.
Leads Guerrilla Unit.
Another American flyer rescued
by the guerrillas January 6 brought
word that the Americans planned
to invade Luzon Island January g.
so 1t. Vraciu was put in charge
of the push to reach the American
lines after the Luzon landings.
"The first thing I knew" 1t.
Vraciu related, I'VE were caught in
fight and three of our men were
killed right in front of my eyes.
Then we learned that the fire came
from another guerrilla outfit which
took us for Japs."
His band spent several days re-
connoitering and threading its way
through japanese outpost areas. 1t.
Vraciu spent several nights sitting
on river bank, carbine in hand,
awaiting battle which never ma
terialized. Then he rejoined the
Americans.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Ban on Liquor Asked
As Manpower Aid

The National Civic League at its
annual meeting yesterday called on
the Federal Government to re-es-
tablish prohibition. using the same
power that was used to halt horse
racing The league, which has head
quarters at 1410 H street NV, as
serted that a ban on the manufac-
ture, transportation and sale of
alcoholic beverages would release
those engaged in the liquor business
for work essential to the winning of
the war.
The league also condemned the
granting of distilling holidays, de-
claring the conversion of corn and
other food materials into liquor
comes at time when there is dam
ger of serious food shortages.
The group unanimously requested
Representative Bryson, Democrat, of
South Carolina, to reintroduce his
war prohibition bill.
All officers were reelected. They
include the Rev. o. r. Miller, Al
bany, N. ", president; the Rev. Nor,
man Vincent Peale, New York City,
vice president; DR.. J. Raymond
Schmidt, Washington, secretary and
superintendent, and H. Lee Smith,
Washington, treasurer. The Rev.
Thomas E. Boorde, pastor Of the
Anacostia Baptist Church, is a
director.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Service Law Foes
Say Michigan Cities
Have Labor Surplus
BY the Associated Press.

bs tne Associated Press.
DETROIT, Jan. 19.-Spokesmen
for both management and labor
urged Congress today to disapprove
national service legislation, con-
tending the great war production
centers of Detroit and Michigan
have labor surplus rather than
shortage.
John l.. Lovett, general manager
of the Michigan Manufacturers AS
ISOLATION, asserted the Detroit area S
factories could handle 20 per cent
more war contracts than they now
have.
Mr.. Lovett made the statement in
a telegram to Michigan members of
Congress, adding:
I'VE of management believe that
free labor will produce more than
slave labor and we are opposed to
any compulsion on manpower in
manufacturing plants"
$4,000 Get Jobless Aid.
There are available in the Detroit
area 10000 women and men and
more than $4,000 persons are draw
ing unemployment compensation,
Mr.. Lovett said
He remarked that talk of Short
age in manpower lust doesn't make
sense" in view of current layoffs,
and added:
"A year ago Michigan employment
was engaged to the extent of about
80 per cent in war production. Now
only 10 per cent is so used"
John w. Gibson, president of the
Michigan CIO Council, asserted
There is substantial underutili-
zation of existing manpower" in
Michigan's industrial cities.
1890 Women Discharged.
MIR. Gibson, who also is a labor
member of the Labor Management
Advisory Committee of the War
ManpoWer Commission, wrote the
States congressional delegation that
upward of $4,000 skilled women war
workers are available for employ
ment in the metropolitan Detroit
area. Sixty-seven major war plants
in this area in the months "of Au-
gust, September, October and No.
vember laid off in excess of 16,800
woman employees, he said.
Mr.. Gibson said only about 10 per
cent of skilled women war workers
laid off by cutbacks in industry are
able to find war jobs again.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Radio Signal Saves Flyers
Downed 1000 Miles al Sea
BY the Associated Press.


LONG BEACH, Calf, Jan. 49,
-Four Army flyers and an Australian
aviation engineer are returning to
the West Coast aboard a Navy ves-
sci after a dramatic crash landing
and rescue 1000 miles at sea.
Forced down by engine trouble
Flight Officer Jack H. Schuler, 81,
Hollywood, pilot, made what the 9Th
Ferrying Command termed a per
feet landing" at night. Tech. Sergt
Albert Kocsis, Akron, Ohio, radioed
an sos, which was received on di-
rectional equipment here at 3:2e
am. yesterday.
Through the signal, navigators To-
Gated the crash site and 10 hours
later searching airmen found the
men drifting on a rubber raft. A
Navy ship was called to pick up the
men.
Others rescued were Jack Stubbs,
head engineer for Pan-Australian
Airlines; Second 1t. George R. Fish
%, co-pilot, of Chico, Calf, and
First 1t. Robert A. Titus, navigator
Marion, Iowa. None of the five was
injured.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Army-Novy Lend Is, 900 Men
To Fill Critical Caps in Labor

prompted President Roosevelt to ask
legislators Wednesday to speed en-
actment of pending bill to make
deferred draft registrants from IS
to IS subject to penalties if they
refuse to accept essential jobs. Mr.
Roosevelt had said previously he
didn't think the voluntary methods
would work.
The Army and Navy had esti-
mated that 100000 additional men
are needed for overseas duty by
June 80, while 1000 900 requirements
are trained.
But first of all they want back In
the lighting ranks the 10000 men
they have had to muster out tenn
porarily to I'LL critical jobs. Re-
ports that these men receive both
Army and civilian pay has caused
some dissatisfaction among the
ranks Of buddies left In uniform.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
A high Government official said
today that the Army and Navy have
lent some 10000 men capable of
combat duty to fill labor gaps in
critical war production.
These men, adding up to more
than a full division of troops, went
from uniforms to overalls to work
on such items as tires. copper and
foundry products.
The official characterized the
present production situation as akin
to that in 1912 when the Nation was
|straining at every seam to boost the
flow Of munitions to the war zone.
There is contention in Congress
that the need for war workers can
be met on voluntary rather than
compulsory basis.
Buy q resurvey of manpower re-
quirements was reported to have
Evening star., 1945-01-19
World Economic Pact
Urged by Catholic Group
By the Associated Press.

Ds LAC hSSUCldttQ FIeSS.
Positive and direct international
guidance of the distribution OF
world supplies is necessary to secure
world social justice, the Catholic AS
sociation for International Peace as
serted last night.
But it said cartels, or interna-
tional trade agreements by private
business, or Government domina-
ton of cartels are not the effective
method of achieving such guidance
international economic agree
ments of worldwide scope are
necessary, however," the organiza-
tion's postwar world committee said
1t suggested that such agreements
should be made with labor union
participation in the writing and en-
forcing of industrial agreements and
with farmer organization repre-
sentation in agreements of direct
interest to farmers.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
Roy A. McCandIess Dies;
Noted Railroad FIGURE
BY the Associated Press.


SEATTLE, Jan. 19.-Roy A. Nc
Candies, IS, former general man.
ager of the Great Northern Rail
road west of Williston, N. Oak, and
one of the most widely known rail-
way executives of the West, died in
a hospital yesterday.
Mr.. McCandless, when he retired
two years ago after As years with
Great Northern, was credited with
having longer service record than
any other executive of the road.
He started as an Office boy for the
late Jim Hill, builder of the G.. NJ,
and advanced to chief clerk, assist
ant superintendent and superin-
tendent of the roads Dakota and
Minot Division. He held the later
position for nearly 20 years, then
became general superintendent of
the Central District with headquar-
tiers at Great Falls, Mont. In 1886
he was named general manager OF
lines west with headquarters here.
Evening star., 1945-01-19

will you be able to send back
some kind Of word so my wife won't
worry?" 1t. Vraciu asked me.
Reassured, he said he would have
to run now; that he had to make
arrangements to get back to his
carrier.
You see," he explained, "I haven't
shot down any more Japs yet"
1t. Vraciu once turned down a
chance for home leave, kept up with
his fighting and became the Navy's
leading ace with bag of 19 Japa-
nese planes downed and 81 de-
stroyed on the ground His biggest
day was over the Marianas last
June, when he knocked down six
Japanese dive-bombers in what he
called turkey shoot"
Then he accepted home leave, 60
ing back to the United States with
his outfit, Air Group 16, and got
married.
Hated Bond Tours.
"But it was miserable life in the
States" he said after his return to
carrier duty. Il got married to a
wonderful girl, but those War Bond
tours and speeches were a terrible
life. I came back out as quick as
I could"
On his return to combat duty he
was permitted to choose his own
carrier and he CHASED all over the
Pacific"
Most of the fun over the Philip
pines was ended before caught
up" he said. but he joined a new
group in time to support the Min
doro invasion with widespread
hghter sweeps over Luzon.
The June battle over the Mari
anas, in which 1t. Vraciu played
such a prominent part, was the
greatest of its kind in the Pacific.
American carrier planes accounted
for 400 japanese planes in a single
day and crippled approximately one
third Of Japan's carrier feet.
He has two Distinguished Flying
Crosses and three Air Medals.
. AT East Chicago, 1t. vraciu's
pretty bride was waiting near the
telephone when the call came
through which brought her news of
his safety.
L had a feeling I might hear
something about him soon," she said.
His uncle, John Tincu, Chicago
manufacturer. who already has paid
Lit. Vraciu $1,000 in War Bonds,
said, MY offer to him of $100 for
each Japanese plane he shoots down
still stands"
Evening star., 1945-01-19

Half of the total resources of the
United States are now being devoted
to waging war. Since Pearl Harb0r
war expenditures have amounted to
about SOS, ,00O, 900, 900. More War
Bond money is needed.
Evening star., 1945-01-19

boards to review farm deferments
be clarified, because the organiza-
tion does not believe local boards
understand it.
Evening star., 1945-01-19
MONTGOMERY WARDS
TELEGRAM
TO The PRESIDENT

Mr.. President
your personal direction Army seized Wards stores on
December 28, 1914.
On the day. you directed Federal
Court decide whether had right order this
The Constitution makes it the supreme that
mo shall be deprived of e liberty property without due
of law The Supreme Court has said that order which
before the should judges
declared its legality.
In defiance of this safeguard liberty you Army
place arbitrary illegal orders of the
War Labor Board without awaiting the decision the
Board drecvs placed in
immediate effect despite the fact that held them
be legally menorceabe and despite the fact that issuing them the
Board refused Wards the hearings required War Labor
Disputes Act.
You have ordered the Army place effect directive
Portland Oregon which the War Labor Board
admitted on January 9, 1945, unworkable
You have ordered Army place wage
St Paul. Minnesota which unfairly discriminate against
of the employees When hundred walked off their jobs
against the Army forced by
threats of criminal prosecution
You have ordered the Army Denver Colorado jamaica
New York. to increase wage rates which the War Labor Board adj
mted already higher than those paid by Wards competitors
No increases have been ordered against these competitors
Finally Importantly you have ordered the Army to
that form of the closed shop called of member
ship Obedience order will require the discharge of all
employees who membership,
and deny them the liberty whether they
remain union members.
Wards opposing the closed shop all of its FORMS has not been
prompted any feeling of anunonsm Wards fully recog
nized the freedom of all of its employees
they wished and has assured all employees that their opportunity
with the will be the whether they members
Wards refusal the closed shop solely from
determination that employees be their individual
liberty union no-ee of the fear of physical injury
damage to their property loss of their jobs.
Wards opposing the closed shop has acted against the wishes
of its unionzed employees. In the seized Chicago
December 5 1884, of the employees through
signed petition declared against the of membership
qurement Spokesman for the unonzed employees the four
seized Detroit openly that they
maintenance of membership.
Wards has been singled for unequal The Army
has been used enforce orders Of questioned legality without first
giving the opportunity make decision These the
methods of dictatorship.
The legality OF order commanding the seizure of Wards
properties before the decision Wards respectfully
calls order the Army withhold the taking of action
which would deprive Wards employees of their liberty and Wards
and of their until the has been decided
in the required by the Constitution.
MONTGOMERY WARD CO,
hahmsM