davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-20
d. {. Educator Offers
Substitute as Fight
On Peace Draft Opens
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
A spokesman for a large group Of
educators offered the House Military
Affairs Committee today a four
point substitute for proposed uni
versal military training legislation.
First opposition witness, DR.,
George F. zook of Washington.
president of the American Council
on Education, told the committee
that '''as result of many delibera-
tions" the council recommends:
/. An international agreement
eliminating compulsory military
services from the practices and pol
icies of all nations
2. Appointment by the President
of a national commission to study
every aspect of defense before Con-
gress acts on compulsory training.
Wants Quotas Established.
3. That definite quotas OF mini
mum military needs to assure de-
fenSe be determined and that every
effort be made to meet these needs
through voluntary enlistments.
fundamental and vital issue of world
organization to preserve peace and
security by strengthening the exist
ing United Nations Organization.
1T is inconceivable that we shall
continue to hold. or even to merit
the confidence of other nations ii
we pay lip service" to the ideals o1
the Atlantic Charter and other in
ternational agreements and at the
same time repudiate them by oul
actions" DR.. Zook said
Adoption of universal military
training, he declared, would in
evitably be construed by other ma
tions as an expression of lack OF
faith on our part in the plans tha
are even now under way for inter.
national cooperation
! The councils stand. DR.. Zooi
said, was based on replies to ques
! tionnaires sent to ,685 college. uni
versity and junior college president!
in February. l945. Of 1.l76 replies
he said, II per cent favored post
ponement of action on universe
training until after the establish
ment of the peace" 10 per cen
wanted immediate action and pc
cent were uncertain.
Following DR. Zook to the witnes
chair, DR.. George william McClel
land, president of the University o
! Pennsylvania. Endorsed the train
ing program telling the committe,
he could find no satisfactory alter
native 10 it.
Il cannot see how we shall be il
a position to take a firm stand il
helping to construct the United Ma
tions Organization or to speak will
authority at the peace tables un
less we are prepared to implemen
our efforts" DR.. McClelland said.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Nimitz Denies Cruiser Boise
Siohted Juponese Force

CHICAGO. Nov. 20 lP,.-The
Japanese feet whose planes at
tackled Pearl Harbor was not sight
ed by any United States ship or
plane" Admiral Chester w. Nimitz
said yesterday.
Admiral Nimitz's assertion was
made in reply to a request for COM
ment on statement by Representa-
tive Gearhart, Republican, of Cali
fornia, member of the Pearl Harbor
Committee. that naval officer
whom he declined TO identify had
advised him that the cruiser Boise
sighted japanese naval force at
sea in the week before Pearl Harbor
but did not report it because OF
orders for radio silence.
The captain of the Boise. if he
had sighted Jap vessels in force OF
position that threatened us. would
have broken radio silence like that
Admiral Nimitz asserted with a snar
of his fingers.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

our military aircraft" as well as th4S
"vulnerability of our country to
enemy air attack from vast dis
tances."
The B-29 is standard combat
model only slightly modified by re-
moval of ornaments, radar and
other equipment and installation of
l3 auxiliary tanks. 1t was reported
here the ship took off with gross
weight of l41 900 pounds.
Unlike other B-29 flights from the
Pacific, this one was unannounced
by the War Department until the
bomber passed over La Crosse this
morning. The picked crews received
special training and equipment, and
air-sea rescue stations were altered
along the route to insure safety OF
operation. Weather conditions were
good at take-off.
Several Previous Flights.
Soon after Japans surrender.
three B-29's few from Japan to
Washington with a refueling stop in
! Chicago occaSsioned by adverse
winds, and last month three more
led by 1t Gen. Nathan Twining
arrived here from Guam via Kara
Chi India, and Frankfurt on Main,
Germany. This was the first bomber
flight from Germany to the United
States.
The first of this month, Brig. Gen.
Frank A. Armstrong, jr., deputy
commander of the Goth Air Force,
commanded a nonstop flight of four
B-29's from Hokkaido Island, Japan,
to Washington. a distance of about
$500 miles.
/ Other members Of the personnel
flying the B-29 to Washington are
Capt. w. J. Bennett, whose home
was not given, and 1t. w S. O'Hare
of Knoxville. Iowa, flight engineers:
Maj Kenneth l.. Royer, Madison
burg, Pa, and Capt. Francis S.
| O'Leary, Pittsburgh, navigators:
Seret. Dock West, crew chief; Sergt.
J. A. Shinnault, radio operator. !.
I Sergt. G. F. Broughton. fight
engineer, and 1t. Col. j. J. Shan
yon radio nrorator
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Pearl Hurbor
Continued From First Page.)

about IS per cent of the crew
strength required to man them ade-
quately. The witness said he
stressed the Importance of having
enough pen, not only to run the
ships but to be trained so that they
would be ready to take over new
vessels as the Navy was expanded.
The President was rather loathe
to increase the number of men,
Admiral Richardson recalled.
The President felt that men with
mechanical ability could be re-
cruited quickly from civil life when
needed, the admiral added.
Before the committee hearing re-
sumed today, Chairman Barkley
told reporters he believed that Ad-
miral Richardson's account yester-
day of another conversation he hao
with Mr. Roosevelt on October 8
1910, proved that the late President
was not inviting war with Japan
The admiral had quoted Mr. Roose-
velt as saying that even if the
Evening star., 1945-11-20
T runsit
Continued From First Page

America, who has participated in all
negotiations along with the union s
Special Negotiating Committee
which had been elected at a pre-
vious meeting of the union in the
arena
The members of this special COM
mittee who will take part in pre-
senting the proposed settlement tc
the workers are Walter j. Bierwagon
r E. Hanna and w. H. Van Stavern
Taking an important role in the ne.
gotiations also was Sam B. Berrong
Internal tional officer and member oi
the General Executive Board of the
association.
The Capital Transit Co. was rep
resented throughout the negotia
tions by E. D. Merrill. president: S
E. Emmons, transportation man.
ager, and A. F. McDougald equip
ment superintendent.
The conciliation panel from the
Labor Department, headed by Mr.
O'Connell. included also Commits
sioners Richard w. Goodrich anc
Gilbert S. McCutCheon.
Meanwhile. the company filed its
report for October with the Public
Utilities Commission. revealing tina;
buses and streetcars carried GOT 32s
few revenue passengers during the
last month than for the previou.
October.
Company officials said operating
revenues were down to S2.333,10l q!
compared with s2.365 ,096 in October
of last year, whereas operating ex.
pelses were sl,465,953 as compared
with 81 ,457 1863. Net income of tht
company for the past month wa!
given as s109.6l404 as compared
with sl24 ,083 46, a decrease of more
than $4,000
Evening star., 1945-11-20
FLIGHT
Continued From First Page

own vulnerability to attack from
overseas. The Super Fort carried
lilo gallons-almost half Of the
gross weight of the loaded plane.
Passing over La Crosse, Wis. at
$50 m today, the B-29 had covered
1868 miles on Great Circle route
to Washington, breaking a previous
distance record set by the British III
1888 when two planes few 7l58 miles
nonstop from Ismelia, Egypt, to PORT
Darwin, Australia, the Air Forces
announced
The newest flight was fourth of a
series by B-29s from the Pacific tc
Washington. The plane was ir
charge of two pilots, Col. Irvine ano
1t. Col. George R. Stanley, West
Hartford. Conn, both veterans OF
the war in the Pacific. They TOOK
off from Guam at 2::30 am. CE. S
t. yesterday.
Purpose of the flight by the 20th
Air Force bomber was described by
the Army Air Forces as a demon
stration of range and capability o1
Evening star., 1945-11-20

nor the country was prepared for
war with Japan" He pointed out
that such an eventuality could
only result in long -drawn-out
costly war. with doubtful prospects
of ultimate success
On the second visit he said he
obtained an entirely different i'm
preston, that the United States
had more closely identified itself
with Great Britain, that japanese
aggression had progressed to the
domination of 1ndo-China and gave
signs of further progress toward
the Dutch East Indies and in the
open alliance between Germany,
Italy and Japan. repeatedly aimed
at the United States
Sees Steps Aimed at Japan.
"As result of these changes, it
now appears that more active open
steps aimed at Japan are in serious
contemplation and that these steps
If taken now, may lead to active
hoStilities." "
Several weeks later on November
II. Admiral Stark wrote Admiral
Richardson he did not think the
feet could be withdrawn from
Hawaii without some good pretext. -
Your letter regarding the reten-
tion of a part of the feet on the
coast beyond the date of its in
tended departure, Admiral Stark
wrote, land also holding another
part in Hawaii, arrived at time
when the election prevented my
presenting This question promptly to
the President. Since the scheduled
departure Of the units from Hawaii
was the day following my receipt OF
your letter there was nothing for
me to do other than to radio you
70 carry cut the approved schedule
AS you know, the matter OF with
drawing the feet from Hawaii is
delicate and could hardly be accom-
plished without a certain amount ot
preparation in Washington. 1t does
not now appear that we can with
draw it without some good pretext.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Mon Held in Assault

David Kaplan, "A. of 1435 Mon
tana avenue NE. was arrested ano
charged with assault against his
wife, Mrs. Pauline Kaplan. "a, yes
terday in front of Griffith Stadium
She was taken to Garfield Hospital
for head injury, according to the
police report. He was released in
81 900 bail.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
China
Continued From First PAGE J

Communist admission that the Ma
| tionalists were II miles up the rail-
road and had taken the town of
Funing.
Occupation Of Suichung brought
the Nationalists to within 65 miles
of Chinhsien, important railroad
junction 125 miles southwest of
Mukden.
A Communist spokesman here as
serted that the Nationalist approa cf
to Chinhsien, where the railroad
branches out in three directions into
interior Manchuria, would see the
first big battle" for control of Man.
churia.
Central government leaders were
worried by reports the Communist
forces had occupied practically al
airtields which had been held by the
Russians in Southern Manchuria.
1 The same dispatches reported the
Communists had taken over the air.
field at Changchun. Manchuriar
capital about midway between the
big industrial centers of Mukder
and Harbin.
Remember the war casualties. Vic
tory Bond dollars will help train
the partially disabled TO be self sus-
Evening star., 1945-11-20
$50 Navy Men Dispersed
On Honolulu Halfway

BY the Associated Press.
HONOLULU. Nov 20-Police re-
ported yesterday that they had dis
persed $50 to 200 Navy men who
maSsed Sunday night on a highway
leading to Aiea village near the
Moanalua Navy demobilization
center.
The shore patrol and military
police assisted the civilian police.
No reason was given for the massing,
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Weather Report

District OF Columbia: Sunny this
afternoon with highest temperature
in the lower f1fties. Clear and cool
with lowest tonight in the middle
thirties. Tomorrow increasing cloud
mess and little warmer followed
by occasional rain.
Virginia and Maryland: Clear and
quite cool tonight. Tomorrow in
creasing cloudiness and little
warmer followed by occasional rain
River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers
clear at Harpers Ferry; Potomac
clear at Great Falls.
Tide Tables.
FURNISHED by United States Coast ant
GeOQetic Survey
Evening star., 1945-11-20
PTk TO Meet Tonioht

The Mount Vernon Parent Teach
er Association will hold it's monthly
meeting at o'clock tonight in the
school auditorium.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

At least one Victory Bond should
be in the name of every member of
every family.
Evening star., 1945-11-20

Remember the war casualties. Vic
tory Bond dollars will help train
the partially disabled TO be self sus-
tanning.
Evening star., 1945-11-20
The Sun and Moon,

Automobile lights must be turned on one
half hour after sunset.
Precipitation.
Monthly precipitatio in inches in the
apital tcurrent month to date):
Evening star., 1945-11-20
Legion Pays Tribute
To Gen. Eisenhower,
Awards Him DSM

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1945-11-20

japanese attacked the Philippines
he doubted whether we would en-
ter the war"
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-08-14

Captured by the Sixth Marine
Division on Oroku Peninsula.
OkinaWa. a large japanese Inn
pcrial Navy ensign is presented
by Major General Lcmnci {.
Shepherd, Jr.. tlcftJ division
commander. to Major General
Roy $. Geigcr, commanding
general of the Third Amphibi-
Gus Corps. (Thc latter Since has
been advanced to the rank of
lieutenant general and Is now
commanding general, Fleet Ma
rinc Force. Paciiic.) Above, the
large ensign is displayed by n
quintet of officers; from left to
right, Colonel John {. Nc
Queen, chief Of staff; Brigadier
General William L. Clement.
assistant division commander.
General Gciccr. General Shcp-
herd and Captain Edward {.
KiCkliehtcr, General tcigcTS
aide. The sixth Division par
ticipatcd in some OF the iicrceSt
fighting in the battle II Ok
naWa. ~. S. Murine CORPS Photos)
Henderson daily dispatch., 1945-08-14

Cabinet ~rcnotalug seems .o a..
the latest hobby in Washnz.n,.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15
FISHERS ISLAND ANSCHLUSS
(Hartford Courantl


 Governor Raymond E. Baldwin showed commendable restraint in his letter to Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, in which he disclosed the petition of citizens of Fishers Island that they be per- mitted to secede from New York in order to join Connecticut One can well imagine the ebullience with which some Governors in those States that are perennially singing of their superior climates would have greeted such suggestion. With understandable perspicacity the citizens of Fishers Island wish to become a part of our great and glorious State, with it's wonderful climate, 1t steeming busy cities. and its superelegant housing develop ments and orange groves" So such letter might read.
 But Governor Baldwin, secure in the knowledge that the honor of be- ing citizen of Connecticut Is too well and widely known to require any tub -thumping, has outlined the facts calmly. He is willing to con- cede no doubt, that New York is also a great State. even though its citizens are saddled with a State income tax. which citizens of Con- necticut are happily without. No such ulterior motive of tax-dodging appears to play part in this peti- ton, however, and the matter iS
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15
A Thought for Today
The Invasion of Long Island

We were reading about the 600 year round residents of Fishers Island who want to Secede from New York State and join up with Connecticut not from malice or disloyalty, just for convenience.
 It seems that the island is legally a part of the town of Southold, Long Island. But btween them lies some 25 miles of Long Island Sound. The Fishers Island Long Island ferry runs only four months a year. During the other eight Fishers Islander with business at the town hall or court house must ferry to New Lon don, Conn, take a train down to New York and another one out to Southold- a distance of 200 miles, one way. So the Fishers Islanders would like to become Connecticut citizens, since New London is only eight miles away and there is year round ferry service. They have petitioned COnnecticuts Gov. Raymond E. Baldwin to that effect, and he has passed the request along to New York's Gov. Thomas F. Dewey in very polite letter. Having read the story, we did little day dream ing on the office time. We dreamed that this secession request was made some time ago and that, by some sad fate, Adolf Hitler was governor of Connecticut at that time.
 
 in his chief of state police and give him secret orders arm and train secret task force. Then he hired time on national network and made speech. He talked about the New England ancestry and superior culture of the Fishers Island CTS, who were bound by racial and econ- Omic ties to Connecticut. And he annexed Fishers Island. Next he claimed that gang of inferior people with foreign ac- cents were pushing around some up standing descendants of old Connecticut settlers down on Long Island.
 There followed several speeches of ln- creaSing ShrillneSs Gov. Hitler demanded that all of Long Island east of Flushing be given to Connecticut. Then one day the country woke up to discover that dur ing the night there had been amphiblouS landings by Connecticut forces at several points on Long Islands north shore, from Sag Harbor to La Guardia Field.
 And then the United States Army moved in, captured the invaders, and &hrew Gov. Hitler in the clink. And that was the end of the invasion of Long Island, and the dream.
 Later it occurred to us that the day dream was not so different from the true story of Chancellor Hitler of Germany and the Sudetenland and the Polish Cor ridor Only in reality there were no ln- ternational troops comparable to the United States Army to step in promptly when the trouble started So now the world is fighting historyS most horrible war. And yet people shudder at the thought of world police force.'
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15
Up to the Peoples

The industries of the United States have just started job that deserves un- restrained commendation Thousands of them, through the National Industrial Information Committee, have joined in the greatest international campaign to the people ever attempted by private en- terprise.
 The outstanding feature of this en- deavor is the fact that a meeting of thousands of minds in all lines of diversi- Eied production and employment, was secured to act as a unit in presenting a urogram to the public on the job industry must do and will do in meeting what are commonly called postwar problems. AS a matter of fact, they are the problems that we have all faced since the world began, of earning our daily bread and butter. But never before has industry, in clear and concise language, tried to show the people where the public interest in fielpfng to maintain conditions conduc- i've to investment, and employment, and production, is gerater than the interest of any industry involved.
 Tn a series of advertisements that is running throughout the nation, the Ma tional Industrial Information Commit tee is endeavoring to make clear to the wage earner, the capitalist, the housewife and the employer, that there is no my ttiical means of making jobs either by Industry or the government - that it is the people themselves who by their own acts. create the conditions taht make or destroy employment, earnings, savings and government.
 While industry must furnish the jobs and will do all in it's power to accomplish that end, the people who, in turn are the workers, the investors and the govern aent, have the solution of industrial prob. I6ins that create employment, in their own hands.
 Industry in the United States repre- 6l1ts America not few stockholders. Nl1e people must realize, and realize soon, |nHt neither industry nor government can E0 more successful than the people will
 o De. Industry is doing tremendous
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15
For the Record

The professional guessers now estimate that the war in Europe may drag on Tor year or more. Reconversion plans nave been postponed and munitions output is being spurred to new heights. This means that government war spending will con tinue indefinitely at the rate of around $7,OOO, 100000 a month. It means the public debt may soar beyond the S3o0,- OOO,OO0,00 mark.
 Some time ago a belated effort was made to raise taxes in an all-out effort to stem the rise in the public debt, thus maintaining a sound financial tounda- ton under the coming peace. The effort was smothered in optimistic predictions that the war would soon be over and that we could therefore escape the immediate impact of it's cost We have tried to over look the obvious fact that the greater the discrepancy between income and outgo during the war, the greater will be the problem of lowering taxes after the war;
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15

war. General Pershing and Gen eral Peyton March, U. s. Chief of Staff, were hardly on speaking terms. General Pershing also sent General Clarence Ransom Edwards of Boston, hero of New England, home from France be- cause of clashing personalities. CAPITAL CHAFF
 The bobby sox brigade has in- vaded the sacred halls of Congress. Dozens of youngsters crowded the corridor outside the office of Helen Gahagan Douglas last week hoping for a glimpse of the come ly CongresWoman from Holly wood. Her admirers were &C., quainted with all the roles she had played from the time they were in diapers Frederick Woltman of Roy Towards New York World-Telegram, is releas- ing a series revealing the highest U. s. Army posts have been talk en over by Communists. This will be news to Joe Stalin.
 The British modestly admit their paratroop lands in Greece last fall constituted 8 great military achievement, but newSmen on the scene are somewhat cynical about it-especially Pat Frank of the Overseas News Agency, Sid Feeder of Associated Press and John Chabot Smith of the New York Herald Tribune. These three land ed at the Niagara Air Field and waited in solitude for four hours for the British paratroopers to come and "seize" the field.
 Army officers returned from China say the definition of Communist in China is anyone who wants to reduce interest rates to twenty per cent.
 KANSAS MAMMOTH
 FOOD CAVE
 Although the War Food Admin istration is going ahead with the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-01-15
Shoe on Other Foot

This war has held many surprises. In the beginning, for example, it was freely predicted that small business would be almost completely wiped out. It wasn't. In some instances it has expanded at the expense of larger business. In retail dis tribution the trend has definitely been in favor of the small independent merchant.
 Chain food stores accounted for 35.5 per cent of food store sales in the first quarter of 1942 The first quarter of 1943 saw their share shrink to 30.5, and ease still further to 29.2 per cent in the same period of 1944. The low point was 28.9 per cent for the fourth quarter ot 1943, according to Commerce Depart ment figures. Of course, the chains are not going to be put out of business by the independents any more than the chains could put the independents out of business Given the opportunity, ooth forms of merchandising will prosper.
 The principal point which the above figures emphasize is the danger of tam pering with the free play of competition by legislation designed to give special benefits to groups presumed to be the competitive underdogS, through leVylng special taxes against groups presumed to have a competitive edge. A few years ago attempts were made to penalize chain stores on the fallaciouS ground that they controlled the bulk of the retail business and were running the independent mer- chants; the same chain stores that today are playing such vital part in holding down the general cost of living. After the war is over every form of merchan- dising will be needed if our great produc- tion capacity is to be translated into higher living standards for consumers.