davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Busch Claims He Heads
German Forces in North
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, May 12.-Field Marshal
Ernst Busch proclaimed over the
Flensburg radio last night that he
had been placed in command of
German forces in Schleswig- -Hol-
stein and Northern Germany Ito
maintain order and discipline and
assure supplies to the Army and
civilian populations"
The broadcast by the .Flensburg
station, which presumably is under
Allied control, although it has been
used repeatedly for official German
announcements, said Busch had
been appointed by Grand Admiral
Karl Doenitz with the agreement
of British occupation authorities. p"
There was no immediate explana-
ton as to why German general
would be named to command troops
who are presumed to be prisoners Of
war, or why his authority would
extend to the civilian population.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
|C. P. Taft Challenges
COP Charges Against
III. ), Trade Policies
BY J. A. O'LEARY.

Arguments raised by Republicans
during three weeks of hearings
against the administrators recip-
rocal trade agreement program were
challenged today by Charles P. Taft
for the State Department.
AS the, House Ways and Means
Committee prepared to close the
hearings Monday on the bill to ex-
tend and broaden the program, Mr..
Taft recommended that Congress
adopt both the trade agreement bill
and the Breton Woods international
monetary control plan, also being
considered In another House COM
mittee.
Mr.. Taft is brother of Senator
Taft, Republican, of Ohio. He has
been in the State Department for
some time, formerly as director of
the Office of Wartime Economic At
fairs and now as director of the
Office of Transport and Communica-
tions Policy.
Mr.. Taft denied that any essential
industrial or agricultural interest
has been damaged seriously by the
trade agreements. He also declared
this government will not generalize
trade concessions to countries that
practice true discrimination against
U.S."
He described as untrue a charge
that some countries deprecated
their currency to Offset concessions
made in trade agreements with the
United States. He also denied that
other countries have imposed export
taxes following a trade agreement,
in order to obtain for their export
ers benefits which should 60 to
American consumers.
The National Association of
Manufacturers appeared against the
bill yesterday, disagreeing with the
earlier stand of the United States
Chamber of Commerce in favor of
the broader, tariff reducing pro-
posal.
James A. Farley, former Postmas-
ter General, sent the committee a
statement urging legislation.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Leader Of Chetniks
To Be Tried and Shot,
DR.. Subasic Says
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, MAY 12-Dr
Ivan Subasic, Yugoslav FOREIGN
Minister, said today Draia Mihailo-
vich, Chetnik leader and former
Yugoslav War Minister, would be
tried for collaboration with the Ger
mans and shot.
He will be given a fair trial
but we have enough legal evidence
now to convict him." DR.. Subasic
said. "He will be shot"
American Troops Asked.
Meanwhile, former Yugoslav Am
bassador Constantin Fotitch, who
was replaced when the Yugoslav
exile government in London dropped
Mihailovich to merge with the Tito
group, appealed to Secretary OF
State. Stettinius to send American
troops to his country to stop civil
war"
Mr.. Fotitch said he was speaking
on behalf of the Central National
Committee of Yugoslavia in a letter
addressed to Mr.. Stettinius. A SIM
liar appeal, he told news confer
ence, has gone to British Foreign
Secretary Anthony Eden.
He asked, Gin application of the
decisions at Yalta," that the Allies:
/. Send commission to Yugo-
slavia to investigate activities of
Premier Tito and Mikailovich.
Yugoslav Claims Backed.
2. Help establish in Yugoslavia "a
real coalition government"
8. Send Allied troops especially
American (to), stop and prevent
further expansion of civil war in
the country"
Mr.. Fotitch was Ambassador in
Washington all during the tug for
power between Tito and Mihailovich
after German occupation of Yugo-
slavia.
Mr.. Fotitch criticized DR.. Ivan
Subasic, head of the Yugoslav dele
cation here, but he expressed COM
plete agreement with the latter's
disclosure that Yugoslavia will claim
Italian Istria, including Trieste. and
a strip of Austrian territory, at the
peace table.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Bogart-BacaII NuptiaIs
Set May Il; LORE 10 Wed
By the Associated Fress.

BY the Associated Fress.
HOLLYWOOD, May 12.-Hum-
phrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall are
going to be married May 81 on Au-
thor Louis Bromfield's farm, near
Mansfield, Ohio.
And Peter Lore, veteran charac-
ter actor, is going to exchange mar
riage vows at Las Vegas. New, with
Actress Kaaren Verne May "a or 25
Bogart's third wife, the former
Mayo Methot, obtained a divorce
last Thursday Miss Verne said she
would obtain a Nevada divorce soon
from Arthur Young, British band
leader. They have been separated
since 1888.
Film Actress Ruth Warrick sued
Erik Wolf for divorce, charging
cruelty, and asked for custody of
their 2-year-old twins. They were
married in New York seven years
ago.
1t took only six minutes for
Actress Ida Lupino to be granted a
divorce yesterday from Louis Hay
ward, film actor and former Marine
Corps captain.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Eisenhower Confers
With Army, Air Chiefs
sy the Associated Press.

10 tie AssOCisIcQ TIeSS.
BAD WILDUNGEN, Germany
May l2.-Gen. Eisenhower conferred
yesterday with commanders of the
18th Army Group and of the Air
Forces on immediate problems con-
fronting them and on plans for
the future.
The conference, which lasted 21a
hours. was held in the Hotel Fur
stenhof. which has been 18th Army
Group tactical headquarters.
Gen. Eisenhower was presented
with an automatic pistol, on which
his name and the Goth Infantry
Division insignia were engraved
1t was a gift of the division.
Gen. Bradley showed the group
the bay stallion given him by Mar
shall Ivan Konev of Russia,s Isl
Ukrainian Army.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Benson Named Acting Head
OF Citizens PAC Council

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, May 12.-Elmer A.
Benson, former Governor of Mime
sofa, has been appointed acting
chairman of the National Executive
Council of the National Citizens
Political Action Committee to sue
seed Sidney Hillman. head of the
group since 1t was organized last
summer, it was announced yester-
day.
Mr.: Benson, a leader In the Mime
sofa Farmer-Labor Party, served as
Senator on appointment in 1885.
Mr.. Hillman will remain head of
the CLOS PAC and will serve as
honorary chairman of the citizens
group.
A flve-point program listed in a
statement by the committee called
for: Complete and final victory
over the Axis; just and durable
peace; Attainment of President
Roosevelt's economic bill of rights;
elimination of racial discrimination
and attainment of a full franchise
National vice chairmen named in
cluded G. B. Baldwin Of Radford,
IVA. CIO-PAC assistant chairman.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Fuel Shortage Hits
Heart Of Coal Reqion
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
SCRANTON, Pa, May 12.-There's
a coal shortage problem facing
Pennsylvania chilled anthracite
area where $4,000 miners have been
idle for IL days in contract dis
pute.
With temperatures lowering sew
eral degrees above the freezing
mark, more than 1000 pupils were
dismissed yesterday in nearby Dun
more Borough when authorities
closed four schools because Of lack
of fuel.
Scranton school authorities said
supplies were ample for the time
being, but two city hospitals re-
ported dwindling reserves would
last through only the week end.
Dealers said they were unable to
make deliveries, pointing to empty
bins.
In Luzerne County's unrestricted
Wyoming Valley, industrial plants
said they were drawing on fuel
reserves.
There is practically no coal
available in the valley" said R. A
Davis, large Wilkes Barre retail
dealer, adding that the situation is
serious.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Jops Soy One Survived
Relief Ship Sinking
By the Associates Press.

4
A Tokyo broadcast today said the
United States had informed Japan
there was only one survivor in the
sinking of the Ava Maru, relief ship
which the japanese say was sunk by
an American submarine after carry
ing supplies to American prisoners
in Japanese-held territory.
The broadcast said the United
States had replied through switzer-
land to "repeated~requests by the
Japanese government for a list of
survivors of the Ava Maru," and
listed the sole survivor as Kantaro
Shimoda, As, a steward. The broad
cast was recorded by the Associated
PreSs.
The American Government had
reported that on the night of April
l a submarine sank an unlighted
ship about 40 miles from the esti-
mated position of the Ava Maru,
Evening star., 1945-05-12
De GuuIIe and Herriot
Hold Long Conference
BY the Associated Press.

BY tht Assoclated Press.
PARIS, May 12.-Gen. Charles de
Gaulle, provisional president of
France, held a lengthy conference
yesterday with former Premier Ed
Guard Daladier. This conference
added to reports that France soon
may have "supergovernment"
composed of four former premiers
'of France, namely, Daladier, Paul
'Reynaud, Leon Blum and Edouard
Herriot.
French political circles believe
the four may be asked to form an
inner cabinet and will take the title
of ministers of state"
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Gen. Won FaIkenhorst
|Surrenders, Calls
German War Insane
Ey the Associated Press,

Ey the Associated Press.
WITH THE UNITED STATES
7th ARMY, May 12-Gen. Nikolaus
Won Falkenhorst surrendered to the
42d (Rainbow) Division Wednesday
declaring that Germany had
fought the most insane war IN
history" and was through as a
world power"
The general, who was commander
of German forces in Norway until
last December, adopted the same
line as many other high-ranking
German soldiers captured or sur
rendered, venting his wrath on Hit
Ter and the Nazi party.
Germany Is through now as a
world power and you need never
fear she will rise again to wage an
other war" he told Maj. Gen. Harry
Collins, division commander.
1T would take 100 years to repair
this country to the point where II
was in 1910.
Says Germany Could Never Win.
Never at any time could Germany
have beaten the United States. The
army knew It, Your country car
produce more in one day than Ger
many can in one month.
Every one should have known
that when war was declared on
America that Hitler had complete
control of the army, for army lead
ers never would have done that.
Gen. Won Falkenhorst told Gen
Collins that the German general
stan always knew it couldn't win
the war and declared the Allied
forces liberated" the German Army
from the Nazi yoke.
"Nazi party members were put in
command positions in the army and
knew nothing about warfare" he
said. 1--WE fought the most insane
war in history and there never was
a chance that military operations
would be successful under such mad
leadership"
Discusses Norway Situation.
Gen. Won Falkenhorst said Nor
wegians did not resist the German
Army in Norway.
(The general apparently forgot
this his broadcasts from Norway
warning Patriots that they faced
death unless they desisted from
sniping and sabotage had been
heard in Allied countries. He was
reputed, however, to have re-
prieved some snipers sentenced
to death.)
Not one German soldier) was
killed by a Norwegian" he said.
And because Norwegian girls fra
ternized so much with German SOL
dlers I had to issue a rule limiting
the number of marriages because
German women were complaining. ~
The general said he left Norway
last December 18 after Col. Gen,
Rendulic, who he said was a Nazi
party member, came to Norway from
the defeat in Finland.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Security Delegates Hear
'Porxy and Bess' Version
ssociated Press.


san FRANCISCO, May IA
specially-scored version of "Porgy
and Bess" was conducted by Andre
Kostelanetz last night at a con-
cert for United Nations Conference
delegates after recovery of the score
of the George Gershwin composition
which was missed during rehearsals
Mr.. Kostelanetz, in announcing
the loss Thursday night, expressed
concern that the foreign delegates
would miss some real American
music"
The conductor had appealed for
return of the music, expressing be-
lief that a souvenir hunter may have
fllched it. No explanation was given
of when or how the score was re-
turned.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Security
Continued From First Page }

charter. This would protect the
rights of such countries as POLAND
and Denmark, though Denmark
may be invited to send a delegation
to the conference.
The break in the United States
deadlock on regional security sys-
TENS comes after days of intensive
debate. One group of advisers hac
insisted that the Pan-Americar
system should be allowed to function
independently of the World Security
Council. Another argued that such
a special exemption would break
down the whole concept of main.
tanning peace on worldwide basis
II Amendments Studied.
!. Yesterday the delegation went
over II different amendments te
the Dumbarton Oaks plan aimed at
giving the Pan-American system
specifically. or regional arrange.
ments generally, some degree oI
autonomy. Finally the delegation
members decided they could get to.
gether on these principles in a re.
gional security formula:
l. The worldwide authority of the
Security Council should be pre-.
served.
/ 2. The right of any nation tc
make treaties for its own defense
should be specifically recognized in
the league charter. Essentially the
Act of Chapultepec now is war
time agreement among the q
American nations; it is planned
after the war to convert it into
peacetime security treaties carry
ing forward the principle long
established in inter-A American re-
lations that aggression against any
American republic is aggression
against all of them.
3. When a nation having a de-
tense treaty with other countries
is attacked, the other countries may
carry out their treaty obligation to
join its defense, as an emergency
measure.
4. The Security Council should
have the right to take control of
the situation if and when neces-
sary.
Since the deadline for filing
amendments in the conference
passed week ago, the American
delegation could not put in a new
proposal along this line. However
it was agreed that an amendment
previously submitted by France to
protect its security treaty with
Russia probably can be made the
basis of the United States plan.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Yehudi Menuhin in IA

LOS GATOS, Calf, May u (P).-
Yehudi Menuhin, 29, yesterday was
notified by his draft board that he
had passed his physical and is now
classified la, the famed violinist
said, II am proud"
Evening star., 1945-05-12
23 Million in Schools

The United States Office of Edu-
cation estimated that 23,276, 900
were enrolled In the public school
systems of the United States for
The school year 1884,.
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Progress Report
At San Francisco
Admits No Action
Py the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, May 12.-
Progress report from one of the
United Nations Conference
committees:
The committee discussed the
first sentence of Section A of
Chapter vi of the Dumbarton
Oaks proposals. No action was
taken"
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Studebaker Will Stop
Making BIZ Motors
By the kssociateo Press,


SOUTH BEND, Ind, May 12.-
The War Department notified the
| Studebaker Corp. yesterday that
production of engines for Bit Fly
ing Fortresses would be terminated
in Studebaker plants in South Bend,
Fort Wayne and Chicago by the end
of July.
Col R. L. Finkenstaedt, command
ing officer of the mid-central district
Of the Air Technical Service Com
mand, explained production empha-
sis was being switched to engines
for longer-range bombers and pur-
suit planes for use against Japan.
MIAMI, Fla, May II P-As a
result of the transfer of one con-
tract and deep cutback in another,
the Miami division plant of Consol-
idated Vultee Aircraft Corp. ceases
manufacturing operations tomorrow.
"Wishful thinking won't win the
war-buying bonds will do much
more"
Evening star., 1945-05-12
Will Collect Poper

Salvage paper in the Rockville
area will be collected tomorrow aft
ernoon by the Boy. Scout troop.
Paper bundles should be placed on
front porches by / pm.
Evening star., 1945-05-12

Do you know that you can have
that house or farm in 10 years and
at IS cents on the dollar by buying
War Bonds now?
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
TWO DOWN, ONE TO GO

Reports were issued simultaneously from London, Moscow and Washington that the war in Europe officially ended today at 2:41 pm, Nome War Time, thus ending the war in the European Theater of the blodiest of all the wars of history.
 The Germany, which began the war with ruthless attack on Czechoslovakia and Poland, followed by successive ag- gressions, brutality and intern m e n camps, while surrendering to. the victors, appealed for mercy toward the German people and the armed forces.
 The announcement was made by the German radio, which told the German people to surrender, that the German armed forces throughout Europe have ceased firing.
 The victory over the Germans will come as an anticlimax to the American doughboys, who have watched the Ger man armies disintegrate before their sledge hammer blows, beaten into noth- ingness.
 The feeling of a great victory is les-
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
MONDAY, MAY 2, 1S4s

good pay they have to turn out lots of merchandise per worker And in order to produce goods ir volume they must have good tools, It was a successful plan with rayon and it will work with cotton.
 If Costs Something
 People say there is a pract cal cotton picker ready for introduc- tion after the war. It will cost a lot more than one big sack and string for each member of a share cropper's family; it will likewise pick more cotton in a day than they can pick in a week. Efficient tools call for capital investment. It means laying out money, but efficient tools are worth it.
 People say we will see many mechanical cotton choppers after the war. It is not impossible. This will increase the number of acres of cotton per worker; make more yield per day for every man. Ire picker and the chopper will ere ate high wages and good living for a lot of people. But rayon can win its war with cotton if cotton tries to stay in the field armed with hoes and gunny-sacks.
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
THE NOME NUGGET

sened by the fact that the end of the war did not come suddenly, as in World War l, but continued through gradual stages of collapse until VIE Day, which will ap- pear as no more than symbol, to the troops who have seen the terrible suffer- ing and death of this ultimate in cruel wars.
 There will be little or no celebrating among the troops as the war for some of them ended some weeks ago.
 An unusual ending to strange war; it came without the customary dramatic conclusion ,as in other wars. There is the feeling of a job only partly done. This is true in every sense of the word
 The American forces know that the end of hostilities in Europe means only respite for some of them There is the bal ance of the job to be done on the other side of the world.
 The back-stabbers have to be taken care of
 Although Italy and Germany, two of the signers of the Tripartite pact, have now been liquidated, there is still big job ahead in the Pacific area, to finish the job, and completely liquidate the third partner in the most brutal of all crime as- sociations
 VIE Day will be officially announced tomorrow by the three big allied leaders from London, Moscow and Washington as per previous agreement between Churc- hill, Stalin, and Truman.
 Although the war in Europe is over the official announcement will not be made today. --a.
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
LNNNNC AMD
~ GEORGE ( OeNSoN \ Sss<I Iksts xlesxsy Eokx11S
 &asNsG S6nkGsAse
PAY THE MEN

About 25 years ago people in all walks of life began to notice and talk about competition between industries. II was new then, and interesting. Before that, competi- ton was understood to exist be- tween people and firms in the same industry-merchant vs. mer- chant, railroad vs. railroad, saw mill vs. sawmill, etc. But after World War I it was a changed business world, plain to see.
 Among the modest newcomers in that remote era was a product called rayon. It was manufactured in the form of yarn, like wool and cotton yarns. The price to weav- CTS was $2.80 a pound against soc a pound for cotton yarn. Last year 55c pound was the price of both rayon and cotton yarns, and rayon was on the market as fibre, very must like cotton fibre, but less expensive.
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
NEW THREE-CENT STAMP ISSUED

WASHINGTON, May 7--. The three-cent stamp featuring Asso- ciated Press photographer Joe Rosenthal's famous Two Jirna flag raising picture will be. issued soon the Postoffice department has said No date has been set for the release. CA reproduction of the picture can be seen in the Nugget window).
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07

Keep the home fires burning and the front lines firing-BUY WAR BONDS.
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
Volume and Wages

Rayon started out the American way. 1t had relatively large in vestments in machinery. With good tools it turned out large vol umes of rayon per worker. On a basis of big results from their days work the men who worked drew good wages. At the same time, large outputs of rayon per man every day made it possible for prices to go lower and lower each year, sales become bigger and bigger.
 Working people in America have right to live well. When they earn good wages, they do live well. Money they spend is the very life-blood of national pros perity. But before they can carr
The Nome nugget., 1945-05-07
RaYon Has Grown

Back in 1919 the American peo- pie bought less than per cent as much rayon as cotton. Last year the ratio was 20 per cent, and rayon had captured quite a slice of cotton's export business. Euro peans earn less than Americans and they pay more attention to low price. If it were not for the war using up all both industries can produce rayon would prob ably be giving cotton some tough Competition.
 When the war ends these two big industries are faced with struggle for sales in world mar kets. It is anybody's guess now how the struggle will turn out, but King Cotton is not licked. The cotton industry is still much big ger; still employs more people than any other American indus try. Besides, smart cotton men un- derstand how rayon made it's re- markable gains.