davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11
INVESTMENT PROPERTY FOR SALE

CLOSE to downtown Northumberland
brick store. leased to 1913 to large chain
Ct yeaf arse a
parking area. An ideal investment with
Splendid postwar possibilities. Price and
terms SEQ on sp 2 with WHINE NJ Woberg,
DOWNTOWN COMMERCIAL corner bldg,
near G. A. O., containing stores with "a
nssds rspab 6e
IN value; a potential money maker for
BRAWNER REALTY CORP. 1900 Eye st
LEE BLVD. Arlington. Va; near Arlington
Forest at Carin Springs road l5k2 acres,
about l acre now zoned first commercial;
sIcH cA Gf 9I9 HlL Re iaaa fiat. b
wide lot; side alley; same rent since built
1877; only sl5.850 $4,000 down. Same
f E. RYoN i e. g GE SAC '0os''''o N
peter j. hagan offers group of five 6-fsm-
lily apartments in Takoma Park, Md New
detached brick: hot-water heat. coai-fired
with stokeri convenient location; nice sur
roundlngs; total annual income, Sl9,4S2.
These are OF the better type. For complete
statement and appointment to inspect see
peter j. hagan, suburban specialist. 1897
34th St, Mt. Rainier, Md. Phone WA.
DISCRIMINATING PURCHASER desiring
h fnq investment and business; one of
lodges, located Mass. ave at Dupont Cir
Gle; house and furnishings in immaculate
condition, lovely 5-rm, apt, for owner,
substantial down payment. Box lI3-E,
Star.
| 18th AND X SITS. N.W-Wholesale mdse
| bldg, 3-story large store with mez2anine
and ! modern apis: $4,000. DAVID E
[ z
Evening star., 1945-04-26
The Presidents Address

President Trumans address to the
opening session of the San Francisco
Conference emphasized simple
truths so fundamental to a whole
some international society that they
cannot be emphasized too strongly
or too often:
Nations no longer can live in isola-
ton and be secure. We must be
good neighbors to hare good neigh
bors Might does not make right
The everlasting moral force Of
justice" must animate peace or
there can be no peace "The special
responsibility of the great states"
is to serve the peoples of the world
and not to dominate them. In this
age of the Super Fortress and the
rocket bomb there must either be an
international system of collective
security or there will be chaos and
war instead.
In behalf of these truths Mr..
Truman spoke earnestly and hope
fully to all the nations represented
at San Francisco. Invoking the
name of his great predecessor, he
called upon the delegates-"the
architects of the better world"-to
rise above personal interests and
adhere to the principles which bene-
fit the whole of mankind. I'm your
hands," he said, rests our future.
BY your labors at this conference
we shall know if suffering humanity
is to achieve just and lasting
peace"
And lest there be any confusion
over the aims of the conference, the
President effectively defined what
the delegates have met to achieve.
They are not gathered to draft
treaty of peace, he declared, or to
handle specific questions of bound
aries, ornaments, reparations and
the like. They are gathered, solely
and simply, to devote themselves to
the task of writing a fundamental
charter to provide sensible ma
chinery for the settlement of dis
putes among nations" and thus to
prevent, "if human mind, heart and
hope can prevent it" the outbreak
of a third world war
Mr.. Truman did not minimize the
magnitude of this task, but he made
clear his firm faith in the ability
of the conference to accomplish it
with the help of Divine guidance,
friendly cooperation and hard
work" His words were the simple,
unadorned words of a man speaking
from the heart, and if their spirit
is followed at San Francisco, there
will come from the conference there
the kind of charter which our
stricken world so much wants and
needs.
Evening star., 1945-04-26
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

ber about 700, but have native popula-
tions in the aggregate of only about
10,000-and that the amount of terri
tory which the naval authorities believe
will be necessary for all the bases re-
quired is only 80 square miles.
The question has been raised in some
quarters whether this matter of trus-
teeships, under the United Nations,
should extend, for example, to the
Dutch East Indies 1t should not and
will not, in the opinion OF American
delegates, and certainly the Neither
lanos delegation is adamant against
any proposal that these islands and
their populations should be placed un-
der trusteeship, after they have been
liberated from Japan In fact the
Dutch representatives regard these is
lands as part of the Dutch Kingdom
The Dutch East Indies have tre-
mendous land area when put all to-
gether and total population of some
10000 900. When the Japs invaded them
there were only $4,000 soldiers in the
islands, the great majority of whom
were natives. Admitting frankly that
in the days before 1870 the Neither
landers paid little heed to the civil and
human rights of the natives, and that
they took all the wealth out of the is
lands they could, the Dutch now insist
that they have established local civil
government by and for the native pop
ulations and have improved their lot
tremendously.
AS matter Of fact, two Dutch East
Indians are members of the Neither
lands delegation at this United Ma
tions Conference. When the Dutch be-
gan to clean house in their colonial
holdings IS years ago they passed a
law that there should be no sale OF
land in the Dutch East Indies to
white man. and since 1900 they have
gone full speed ahead on pathway
that looks to complete emancipation
This matter Of trusteeships, however
will have to be settled by the confer
ence,
Evening star., 1945-04-26

SAN FRANCISCO, Calf, April 25.--
One of the problems which is being
dealt with at this conference of United
Nations-now in full swing-is that of
trusteeships-a problem to which the
United States delegation has given
great deal of work and study.
A formula has been developed with
particular reference, so far as this coun-
try is concerned, to the islands in the
Pacific which were held by Japan un-
der mandate of the old League of Ma
tions and the Versailles treaty and
which the United States intends to hold
and to use in part as military and naval
bases. The same formula, however, is
general enough in character to govern
in the case of other territory which has
been held in the past by Axis powers
and to some of the liberated territory.
1t has been determined, so far as
the American delegation is concerned,
that there shall be two separate areas
of control. The first over the native
populations and civil government. The
second over the military and naval
bases. The United States will, in the
case of these Pacific islands, control
the native and civil government, with
due regard to humanitarian rights. The
United Nations organization should any
scandal arise, would have the power
to make an investigation and recon-
mendations.
So far as the naval and military
bases are concerned, the control of the
United States will be absolute. 1t will
fortify and operate these bases exactly
as the interests of national defense de-
mand. In this way, it is hoped, IT will
be possible to avoid any charge Of ter
ritory grabbing, and also to avoid CIV
ing excuse for any other power to seize
and own territory. 1t is expected that
the conference will delimit the kind OF
territory which may be placed under
such trusteeship.
1t may be said in this connection that
the islands of the Pacific in which this
country Is particularly interested num-
Evening star., 1945-04-26

every traveller and every ounce of
freight passing from West to East
and from East to West paid tribute
to San Francisco.
Seven different times the city was
swept by disastrous fires. On each
occasion it rose from its ashes i'm
proved by the experience. The
earthquake OF April 18, 1905, cost
hundreds of lives and half billion
dollars worth of property, but it
nevertheless was a blessing in dis
guise since it resulted in expansion
which otherwise might never have
been attempted. Perhaps the pres
ent gathering of the statesmen of
the United Nations represents the
same principle of progress. There
providentially may emerge from it
such compensation for destruction
and suffering as might never have
been possible had the horrors of
the past three decades not occurred.
Evening star., 1945-04-26
Air Powers Role

We are now beginning to get from
the Nazis their own evaluation of
the role played by British and
American air power in winning the
war. A particularly interesting wit
ness is the former director of Ger
many's steel combine. Recently
taken prisoner, he more than con-
firms what General Arnold and
others have long been saying about
the deadly effectiveness of our Allied
bombing offensive.
When that offensive began in
1912, according to this man, German
steel production totaled 100000
tons year. Then it entered upon
steady decline. The reasons for
this were at first indirect, resulting
from our attacks on railways and
canals, which disrupted the flow of
essential raw materials. Then our
bombers launched systematic and
sustained assault directly against
the plants themselves, so that by
the beginning, of this year Ger
many's annual steel output had
been reduced to virtually nothing.
In fact, says this witness, by pull
verizing just one city-Duesseldorf,
the Pittsburgh of the Reich-our
Allied air power contributed at least
so per cent to the collapse of Hitlers
war effort.
The same story holds true for
Germany's production of gasoline,
oil and other vital materials and
equipment, but the story of what
happened to Germany's steel is par
ticularly striking, because steel is
the most important of all elements
in modern warfare-the funda-
mental and indispensable basis of
any military structure. Take it
away, and the structure falls apart;
take it away, and armies, navies
and air forces, no matter how long
they may be able to hold out there
after, must surely crumble sooner or
later. Evaluated In these terms, the
Evening star., 1945-04-26
San Francisco

The place of "the most important
meeting since Versailles is a city
OF distinctive beauty, the cultural as
well as commercial metropolis of the
Pacific Coast It's residents long
have regarded San Francisco as
having a meaning, a unique signifi-
canoe, to the entire world; and they
are justified by the history of the
community from its start in 1859
Sir Francis Drake had been in the
neighborhood one hundred and
ninety years earlier, but he had left
no permanent settlement. The
credit for the first actual occupation
of the magnificent bay and it's
famous peninsula is due to Don
Gaspar de Portola, Don Manuel
Ayala, Colonel Juan Bautista de
ANA, Padre Junipero Sierra and
other Spaniards.
BY narrow chance, however, the
upper half of California escaped
permanent occupation by imperial
Russia as late as 1906. An expedition
led by Count Rezanov planted
colony near Santa Rosa and filed
formal claim to all the territory in
the vicinity. 1t was this invasion"
that prompted eventual action on
the part of the Government of the
United States. On July 9, 1848, Cap
tain John B. Montgomery of the
American Navy arrived in the sloop
Portsmouth and ran up the Star
Spangled Banner in the plaza which
now is known by the name Ports
mouth in memory of his vessel.
Gold already had been discovered
at Colma in the preceding January.
The rush" began in April. When
finally it ebbed, San Francisco was
its monument.
But the yellow metal was not the
only reason for the city's prodigious
prosperity. The more authentic
wealth of the community developed
1TUIII It's possession OF Ine premier
western port in the northern half
of the Western Hemisphere. Through
the Golden Gate moved much of the
traffic between New England, New
York, the shipping points of Dixie
and the Orient. To it came ships
which had rounded the Horn,
Yankee whalers, Clippers, coastwise
boats plying to and from the
Isthmus of Panama, strange craft
from China, Japan, the Hawaiian
Islands. The first continental rail-
road, opened in 1869, naturally
served to stimulate every form of
business. It truthfully was said that
Evening star., 1945-04-26

present showed amazement, since the
treaty had not yet been signed. Foreign
Minister Bidault rushed to the general
and reminded him of this fact. The
only answer he received was that "We
are returning to Paris on schedule to-
morrow morning. 1t is getting late and
I must have my Sleep"
There was quick conference between
Bidault and Russian Foreign Commissar
Molotov, Whereupon Bidault went to
Gen. de Gaulle's quarters. The general
was already half undressed and told
Bidault he would rather not sign the
treaty at all than be coerced into doing
something-the recognition of the Lublin
committee-that he did not wish to do.
Moreover. he reiterated, he needed his
sleep. Bidault returned to Molotov with
this answer Stain was informed of the
new development and after lengthy con-
sultation with his foreign commissar he
agreed that the treaty should be signed
without Frances consent to recognize
the Lublin Poles.
The general did not get his full eight
hours of sleep, but he obtained political
victory which no other ally of Russia had
managed to obtain up to that time.
Stain, who is always studying detailed
character sketches of prominent visitors
sent to him by his intelligence services,
was fully aware that once Gen. de Gaulle
made up his mind nothing in the world
could make him bulge frog his decision.
Although Immediately after the sign
ing of the Franco-Russian treaty France
appeared to move toward the Russian
sphere of influence, things began to
change prior to and especially after the
Yalta Conference. Gen. de Gaulle was
hurt because he had not been invited to
that meeting. and believes that had
Stain insisted, President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Churchill would have
acquiesced. Subsequent developments,
many of which are not known here, have
since shown Gen. de Gaulle to be luke
warm to his new ally.
But in recent weeks the general Is
said to have become more convinced
than ever that France can still play
preponderant role in Western Europe.
To achieve this aim he must have ma
terial support from the United States.
He is aware that while American public
opinion Is as well disposed toward the
French people as formerly, mistakes due
to misunderstanding will make it diff
ficult for him to restore France to her
former position without the full assist
ance of this country. 1t is more than the
81, SOC, 900 600 lease lend aid he wants. He
hopes to establish stronger political ties
with the Western Hemisphere, and this
cannot be done without Americas un-
stinted friendship.
Evening star., 1945-04-26
Petuin and Leopold


captives in Germany, the freeing of
Marshal Petain and King Leopold
Of Belgium by their Nazi jailors is
causing mixed emotions in their
respective homelands.
This is especially true of the aged
Marshal who passed his 89th birth
day when he reached Swiss soil. The
head of the former Vichy regime
had been spirited away into the
Reich ahead of the conquering Al
lies, along with other members of
his government, allegedly against
his protest. All have been de-
nounced as traitors by the present
French government headed by Gen
eral de Gaulle, and trial in absentia
had been set for Petain on May 18th,
with the government ready to ask
for the death penalty. 1t is prob
able that De Gaulle did not expect
Petain voluntarily to agree to re-
turn to face his accusers. Now that
he has done so, the trial promises
to be the most sensa tional in mod
ern French history. 1t will raise in
eScapably the issue whether the Pc
tain regime was illegal from the be-
ginning and traitorous in intent or
whether the marshal sincerely at
tempted to save something from the
wreckage while waiting for the
chance to regain French independ-
ence under altered circumstances.
There can be no reasonable doubt
that this temporizing policy was in
dorsed by large sections of French
public opinion when it was initiated,
and it is significant that. in pre-
vious trials. the French courts have
never specifically declared either
Petain or his regime legally treason
able or even technically illegal. The
sentences pronounced upon noted
accused persons such as Pucheu,
Admiral Esteva and General Dentz
were rendered for specific acts. even
though the policies of Vichy were
logically involved. The trial OF Pc
tain will thus be a test which may
split French opinion wide open and
produce crisis unwanted at this
time.
The release of Leopold, King of
the Belgians. while less Immediate
ly embarrassing, may produce i'm
portant political repercussions. His
surrender to the Germans at the
head of his army in May, 1910, was
criticized at the time though ex-
tenuated by his hopeless military
situation. Leopold refused to have
any dealings with his conquerors and
was ultimately taken to Germany,
the Belgian government being under
the technical regency of his young
er brother Prince Charles. The ques-
tion of the dynasty, while never spe-
cifically raised, as in Italy. is latent
in Belgian politics, and return of
Leopold TO Begun at this time
might bring it to the fore.
Why the Nazis should have re-
leased these exalted captives just
now has not been explained. 1t
might be due either to Allied pres
sure or to shrewd calculation by
Hitler and his colleagues that they
could prove disturbing apples of dis
cord thrown into the French and
Belgian political arenas. At any
rate, they both seem to be sizable
problems.
Evening star., 1945-04-26
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,vn

In some diplomatic and political quar-
ters here 1t was rumored yesterday that
Gen. Charles de Gaulle may be the first
foreign chief OF state to come to WASH
ington to see President Truman, who ex-
tended invitations to the heads of the
British, Russian, Chinese and French
governments soon after he took office.
The French leader was officially re-
ceived last summer at the White House,
but the visit was not particularly sue
cessful despite the efforts of President
Roosevelt and Gen. de Gaulle to forget
unpleasant past and previous frictions.
Soon after Gen. de Gaulle was off,
cially recognized by all members of the
United Nations as the head of the pro-
visional government of France he leaned
politically toward the U. S. S. r. He
went to Moscow soon after his arrival
in Paris in order to renew Frances old
ties with Russia.
In Moscow, where all heads of state
are received in a grandiose manner, the
French leader was wined and dined.
But he gained the definite feeling which
made his Gallo blood boil that Premier
Stain considered France as minor
power which could continue to exist only
in the shade of the great Russian COM
bination of alliances.
Gen. de Gaulle has many faults and
failings, the principal one being that he
is unbending and stiff But he has more
pride and confidence in his country's
ability to become once more a great
power than most of his predecessors at
the helm of the French government since
the days of Clemenceau.
*& X
A treaty of alliance very much along
the line of the others Russia has signed
since 194l was drafted and made ready
for his signature. But on the evening
when the ceremony was to take place
Premier Stain asked the French leader
to extend official recognition to the Lub-
lin government. This Soviet-created
organization had not been recognized by
any of the western Allies and Stain
desired that the ice should be broken
by France.
Gen. de Gaulle, to every ones great
surprise, explained that Poland had
been traditionally the ally Of France and
that the French government still recog-
nized the government in exile in London.
He could not make decision on the
spur of the moment and asked for time
to think it over. This was granted him.
The usual gala dinner was given to the
French delegation, followed by a movie
Late in the evening before the show
ended Gen. de Gaulle got up from his
seat next to Stain, explained that since
he was to take the plane early in the
morning he would ask permission to
retire and left the room Every one
Evening star., 1945-04-26
Atmosphere of Peace
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

point of view than our Darlan expert
ment in North Africa, but from the
short-range military point of view, which
is all that soldiers can be expected to
consider, both Darlan and Lublin
worked well enough.
1t is also quite conceivable that much
of the difficulty in reaching satisfac-
tory solution of the question of Polish
representation at this conference is due
to the insistence of the Russian high
command on maintaining the security of
their lines Of communication through
Poland on which the safety of the
Russian Armies fighting in Germany is
still dependent. If the Russian gen.
erals consider some of the personali-
ties being put forward by non-Lublin
Poles as being unreliable from the mill
tary security point of view, it would be
only natural that they should not wish
to make such changes while military
operations based on Polish railways and
supply centers are still actively in
progress.
Or tSke the much-debated issue of
trusteeship for the Pacific islands and
other colonial areas. Our naval leaders
are understandable anxious to retain
full control of as many base locations
in the Pacific Ocean areas as they may
need for the future security of this
country and for maintaining adequate
watch and ward over q defeated Japan.
The admirals shy away from the trustee
ship idea because they fear that If these
bases are held under any form of
international mandate or control, their
military freedom of action will be lin
tied by political considerations.
Probably few Americans will not wish
to see the United States remain in
effective possession Of necessary base
locations in the Pacific and the problem
here is to find general formula which
will permit this to be done while doing
no violence to the mo territorial ag-
grandizement' pledge Of the Atlantic
Charter.
These are but two examples of the
military problems which this confer
ence must take into account. Military
leaders are little in evidence in San
Francisco just now, because most Of
the worlds military leaders are other
wise occupied; but there can be no
question that all the major delegations
are in constant touch with their military
advisers as they seek to bring about q
workable adjustment Of the political
and military factors In the issues before
them.
tCopyrisht, 1elS.l