davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-06
Nimitz on STRENGTH

To-day our frontiers are the entire
world"
"Our first line of defense must be
pushed back from our own shores
and across the seas which surround
and protect U.S."
Il believe I am firmly convinced
that only as long as we maintain
our strength, only that long shall
we continue to remain free"
If Admiral Nimitz had said these
things six or seven years ago, in
stead of saying them as he did in
his addresses here yesterday, he
would have been denounced far and
wide as warmonger. But today,
after the most terrible blood-letting
IN history and with the appalling
reality of the atomic bomb still fresh
in every ones mind, there can be
little disposition to question his
basic judgment.
Admiral Nimitz, of course, is not
alone in what he says. We have
heard pretty much the same thing
from other great leaders and strate-
glstS IN this war. They all are
convinced that America must re-
main vigilant and strong, and they
are convinced of it because they
know that if ever aggressors should
strike again and we are unprepared
as we have always been in the
past-the probability is that we shall
be defeated and destroyed before we
have chance to fight. In other
words, it will not be as after Pearl
Harbor; there will be no time
granted us, or bought for us by the
blood of allies, to enable us to re-
cover from the shock of sudden
attack. The first shock will be the
last, and it will be fatal.
In the sense that genuine security
thus can no longer be found
in geographical positions, Admiral
Nimitz is altogether right when he
says our frontiers are the entire
world. Indeed, in an age in which
it will be possible to send from any
part of the earth to any part of the
earth atomic rockets of supersonic
speed and great accuracy, the same
holds true for other powers as well.
Accordingly until we can be abso-
lutely sure that peace is here to stay.
we must, as the admiral solemnly
warns, keep our armed strength "far
ahead of any potential enemy in the
new fields OF science and technology"
The Nimitz thesis naturally re-
wolves around the Navy, which
admittedly may be revolutionized by
radar and the harnessed atom. We
now possess, he declares, the might
est Seapower the world has ever
known, and we have the right to
decide whether we will preserve it
or pat it on the back and let it die"
And then, noting that we are not
warlike and may therefore be
tempted to do the latter, he earnestly
exhorts us not to take "the easiest
way" but to pledge ourselves to
remain strong in order that we may
continue to live as free men"
What Admiral Nimitz has to say
about the Navy may be applied with
equal force to our military power as
a whole. We "are facing future
which challenges not only our in
genuity in improving our own way
of life, and our integrity in dealing
with other nations, but also our will
to, survive" These words should be
craven in every American mind.
Not ever again-not until a lasting
peace is certain, which may be never
can this Nation take the tremen-
dous risk of neglecting it's arms.
Evening star., 1945-10-06

Statistics show plainly that, since
the lifting of gas rationing, motor
lists are driving more poorly. They
should be doing better; no longer is
1t necessary to trundle along with
one eye on the road and the other
on the needle of the fuel gauge.
Evening star., 1945-10-06

the days OF the old League, and it
may 60 far toward making the UNO
the success 1t must be If the. peace
is to be enduring.
Evening star., 1945-10-06

Even when he Is wrong, it is hard
to get mad at that man Truman.
Evening star., 1945-10-06
Text of Byrnes' Report on Conference

Tert OF Secretary OF State Byrnes'
radio address last night on the frst
session OF the Council OF Foreign
Ministers.
Evening star., 1945-10-06

AoA ouASciFCo Tile right 10 feIuSe TO rec
ognlze governments if, after investiga-
tlon, We conclude they have not given
to the people the rights pledged to
them IN the Yalta Agreement and the
Atlantic Charter.
The peace of Europe depends upon
the existence of friendly relations be-
tween the Soviet Union and its Euro
pean neighbors, and two wars in one
generation have convinced the Ameri-
can people that they have a very vital
interest in the maintenance of peace
in Europe.
The American Government shares the
desire of the Soviet Union to have gov
ernments friendly to the Soviet Union
IN Eastern and Central Europe.
But lasting peace depends not only
upon friendship between governments.
but upon friendship between peoples.
Cancellation Needed.
Had It not been for the difficulties
experienced by the Allied governments
in agreeing upon common policy in
regard to the recognition of the gov
ernments of Romania and Bulgaria i
more conciliatory spirit might possibly
have prevailed and might greatly have
helped to overcome the procedural diff
flculties of the Council.
No one present at the Council on
September II questioned the decision
taken by the Council that day inviting
all hve members to be present at ali
meetings.
Directives for the italian treaty. were
under discussion for several days with
China, not a party to the surrender
terms, present, participating in the dis
cussion. but not voting. No one OBJ
jected
Directives for the Romanian treaty
and then for the Bulgarian treaty were
considered, with France and China pres
ent but baot voting. No one objected.
# was only on September a. that the
Evening star., 1945-10-06

pCqSC COitclSlCc COulU US SalQ To- DC
not directly concerned in the peace.
We urged that those states, both large
and small, which had fought and suf-
fered in the war must make the peace.
This has been peoples war and 1t must
be peoples peace. -
Soviet Blocked Agreement. 7E
The Soviet delegation stated, however.
that they could not agree to the Amer
lean proposal for peace conference
until they had returned to Moscow and
had personal consultations with their
government.
1t therefore became obvious that there
could be no agreement until the other
delegations were prepared to yield their
views and convictions to those of thu
Soviet delegation. This none of the
other delegations was prepared to do.
The United States is willing to die.
tate terms of peace to an enemy, but is
not willing to dictate terms of peace to
its Allies.
Our task then became one of ar
ranging an adjournment until the Sd
Wet delegation could return to Moscow.
1t is customary before adjournment to
adopt and have all conferees to sign
protocol containing q record OF this
agreed decisions Of conference. The
Soviet delegation would not agree to thu
inclusion IN the protocol Of the decision
OF September II that the five members
should participate in all meetings, even
though it included a statement of the
action taken by the Soviet delegation
on September % to Withdraw their as
sent to that decision.
On the last day of the session the
Soviet delegation announced 1t would
ofier q compromise proposal The pro-.
posal was that there should be four
separate protocols without recording in
any of them the decision Of September
IL which had been agreed to by them
but which they later wished to rescind.
This was the same position that they
hRd urged for days. The only thiEd
kjSes BYRNEs TEXT, Page A-e.f
Evening star., 1945-10-06

know and understand wherein we and
our Allies differ as wherein we agree.
we must understand our points of diff
ference before we can intelligently con-
slider means of reconciling them.
so lar as the Italian treaty was con.
cerned l think we made very good prog
ress toward agreement on directives to
govern the work of our deputies.
There was ready acceptance of our pro-
posal that Italy should undertake to
maintain bill of rights which will Sc
cure the freedoms of speech, religious
worship, political belief and public meet
ing envisaged for Italy in the Moscow
declaration of November, l943, and
which will confirm the human rights
and fundamental freedoms set forth in
the Charter Of the United Nations.
There was some difference among
the conferees at the start as to proyid-
ing for the limitation of armaments.
But it was our feeling that Italy should
rely on the United Nations for pro-
lection against aggression and should
not engage in competition in arma-
ments when all her resources are badly
needed to restore her civilian economy.
And this view gained general accept
ance.
While the very controversial bound-
ary dispute between Yugoslavia and
Italy was not settled, it was encourag-
ing to find that it was possible to agree
that the line should in the main be
governed by ethnic considerations and
that regardless Of its sovereignty there
should be free port at Trieste under
international control.
(sreece Gains rsIande
The Council was in general agreement
that the Dodecanese Islands should 20
to Greece, although the assent Of one
member was qualified pending the study
of certain questions by his government
There was general agreement that the
The Apache sentinel., 1945-04-13

Cabinet members began assembling at p. m
douglas time) for an emergency session
The president the nations first chief executive to
break the twoterm tradition had planned to stay at
Warm Springs another week, then he was to return
to Washington and spend one day before taking a
train to San Francisco to open the April 25 United
Nations conference to which he had given SO much
attention in recent months
Mr.. Roosevelt died in the bedroom in his little
white bungalow atop Pine mountain, where he had
been going for 20 years to take the
for infantie paralysis with which he was stricken
in 1921.
The death of President Roosevelt shocked Wash
ington to its foundations
The Apache sentinel., 1945-04-13
President Dies OF
Cerebral Hemorrhage
At Warm Springs, Ga.

WARM SPRINGS, GA (AP)-President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt died unexpectedly Thursday of acere
bral hemorrhage, at 3:35 p m q :35 p m. Douglas
tlme) at his Sumer cottage here.
/ White House statement said:
"Vice President Truman has been notified He
was called to the White House and informed by Mrs
Roosevelt The secretary Of state has been advised
A cabinet meeting has been caleds
"The four Roosevelt boys in the service have been
sent a message by their mother which said that the
president slept away Thursday afternoon He did his
job to the end, as he would want to do.
"Bless you all and all our love, added Mrs. Roose
velt. She signed the message Mother.
Funeral services will be held Saturday afternoon
in the east room of the White House. Inern1ent will
be at Hyde Park Sunday afternoon No detailed ar
rangements or exact times have been decided upon
as yet
Harry S. Truman, former senator, Missouri
county Judge and one-tme Kansas City haberdasher,
by Mr. Rooseves death moves up to the highest office
in the land.
At the capitol, aides of Truman disclosed he had
left for the White House only few minutes before
the news was made public
Mr. Roosevelt had been at Warm Springs for
more than a week.
Stephen Early presidential secretary informed
reporters
"Mrs Roosevelt, Admiral Ross Mcintyre, (the
Roosevelt physician) and will leave Washington by
air Thursday afternon for Warm Springs"
Vice President Truman was at work in his office
when the news came He received call about 5:25
TO- M few minutes later secret service men and
whisked him away to the White House in an automo-
bile.
Matt Connolly Truman's executive assistant, said
he assumed that the new president would take the
oath at once but that he did not know any details
Truman's vice presidential staff stood around his
office in the senate office building their faces pale
as though they had been stunned by the unexpected
news which lifted the former Missouri farm boy into
the highest office in this nations giving.
The death of the president was announced few
short minutes after it was revealed that high army
officials had told senator's the would be over
in Germany.
The Apache sentinel., 1945-04-13

Harry S. Truman of Missouri
was sworn in as President of the
United States tonight at 1909
(EWT). Truman is so years of
age. To him falls the tremendous
task of shaping the world, so
ably begun by the late President
Roosevelt.
Truman will be succeeded as
vice president by Edward r.
Stettinius, Secretary of State.
The Apache sentinel., 1945-04-13

The news on this page is
through the courtesy of The
Douglas Daily Dispatch and MIR.
j. Newell Johnston, its pub
Usher.
The Apache sentinel., 1945-04-13

WARM SPRINGS, GA. (AP)-President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt died Unexpectedly Thursday of acere-
bral hemorrhage, at 3:35 p. m. (1:35 p m. Douglas
time) at his sumer cottage here.
A White House statement said.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
AMERICANS
DIE ON JAP ship

WASHINGTON, July 26 - WD -
The War Department disclosed to-
day that 1,OO1 American prisoners
of war lost their lives when Jap
anese prison ship was torpedoed
last December.
Acutal sinking of the vessel,
which carried 1000 captured Amer
leans, was revealed last Feb. %
At that time it was estimated that
at least 800 were killed.
Details of the sinking were dis
closed when the War Department
received partial list of the
casualties and survivors from the
Japanese government.
The vessel left Manila Dec. 10,
1914, apparently bound for Japan.
It was torpedoed two days later
in Subic Bay.
The Japanese reported that 942
Americans were killed outright,
SO died later, two survived and es-
capped capture, and 618 survived
and were taken on to Japan. The
United Press obtained its story on
the tragedy last Februery from
one of the two survivors,.
The War Department said fami-
lies of GIG of the dead who were
Army personnel or Army civilian
employees, have been notified.
Names of only 482 of the 618 sur
vivors have been received from
Japan.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
CHRYSLER STRIKE
HALTS Big WORK

CHICAGO, July 3d. W.P) "A
strike of $4,000 workers at the
Dodge-Chicago plant of Chrysler
Corp, hating production OF By
engines, highlighted new surge
of labor unrest tonight that has
idled $4,000 workers throughout
the nation.
In another major aircraft dis
ute, 10000 workers were out In
four Wright Aeronautical Corp.
plants in Paterson, N. j. The
workers, members of the United
Auto Workers, CLIO, quit in sym
pathy with a strike at the com
pany's Woodbridge, N. j., plant,
hitting production of B-29 parts
and Navy dive-bombers.
The $4,000 UAW-CIO strikers
in Chicago met today and voted
to continue their strike, which
union officials said was the out
come of $4,000 unsettled griev-
ances. The company charged that
the underlying cause Of the strike
was dissension and factionalism
in the local.
The strike was the 2O4th called
at the huge factory, biggest air
Continued on Page Five; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
TRUMAN, STAIN
N0N.C0MMl
Withhold Any Observation
q On British Election
Landslide

POTSDAM, July 26.@REPresi-
dent Truman and Premier Stain
withheld comment tonight on the
British election which removed
Winston Churchill as their partner
in the Big Three.
The presumption was that plans
were being made for continuance
of the tri-power conferences here
with Clement R. Attlee, Churchill
successor as Prime Minister, as
the British representative.
Attlee has attended the confer
ences as an observer" and has
had full opportunity to get ac'
quainted with Stain and Truman
upon whom ne previously calico
at the White House.
The 62-year-old Laborite was ex
pected here to continue the foreign
policies laid down by Churchill
government in connection with the
Big Three discussions.
The fact that today's U. S.-Brit'
ish-Chinese surrender ultimatun
to Japan was released after the
Continued on Page Five Col. y
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
BRITISH INFANTRY
REPELSTHREE ENEMY
COLUMNS IN BURMA

CALCUTTA, July 26. - U.D -
British and Indian infantrymen,
supported by tanks and artillery,
repealed three enemy columns at
tempting to cross the Mandalay-
Rangoon road between Toungoo
and Nyaunglebin and inflicted
heavy casualties, a communicate
announced today.
Another enemy force was caught
in the open by surprise in the Pyu
area, the communique said, and
was subjected to a heavy artillery
barrage.
Fighter planes and bombers,
supporting ground troops, yester-
day strafed enemy forces East OF
Toungoo and in the Mekpalin area.
Planes also hit Tuesday in the
Pegu hills, destroying many jungle
huts and a machine gun post.
The communique belatedly re-
vealed that Liberator bombers on
July % scored direct hits on d.
OoO-ton ship in Boengoes Bay and
on the same day attacked con-
voy off North Sumatra, sinking one
vessel and damaging another. Six
| smaller craft also were hit.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
ABC CHAIRMAN SETS
LIQUOR RATION FOR
MONTH OF AUGUST

RALEIGH, N. c., July %
Carl L. Williamson, state .ABC
chairman, today issued the follow
Ing ration order, covering the
month of August, to retail liquor
stores in the Is wet counties:
Coupons Nos. 80 and "a will be
valld any time during the month
Tor one quart or one fifth each,
or two pints or two tenths each,
Of any Whiskey or scotch.
Coupons Nos. IS and SO will be
sslla any time during the month
lor one quart, or one fifth each, or
TWO plnts each of gin, or one fifth
eaeh of Private Stock, Prince
george, or Cedar Brook. In other
woros, coupons No. IS will be valic
~. ~. a nth of gin or a fifth of the
Muee whlskles named, and coupon
w. 50 will be valid for fifth
u eacn of the above named.
. imported and domestic special
.eS' imported and domestic brandy
rum cordials, fruit favored gin,
u u,, !, favored brandy, and sloe cir
Will be ration Free
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
FRENCH LEADERS
ACCUSE MARSHAL

PARIS, July rs. -WD- Two
French pre-war parliamentary
leaders told Marshal Henri Philippe
Petain to his face today that ne
failed and betrayed France in her
greatest hour of need, and they
outlined the steps by which they
said he and Pierre Laval under
mined parliamentary government
after the Vichy regime came to
power.
Louis Marin, II. former Right
Wing Democratic Federation dep.
uty and party leader, cried that
"Petain betrayed his trust as ne
betrayed France in making an
armistice" with the Germans in
June, 1910.
His outspoken statement was the
first by any witness to accuse Pc.
tain directly of treason, and de-
tense attorneys abstained from ask.
ing him at the conclusion Of testi
mony whether he thought Petair
was a traitor, as they have done
with others.
Jules Jeanneney white-bearded
72-year-old former Senate Pres
ident, asserted that Petain hac
shown "deplorable weakness" anc
that he had failed us" in hi:
conduct of government after June
1910.
Petain obviously was wilted BY
the heat and strain of four days
in the crowded courtroom of the
Palais De Justice, and he seemed
uninterested in and almost indif'
terent to the testimony of the two
Jeanneney and Marin also at
tackled the role of Pierre Laval.
Petain's chief of government al
Vichy. in setting the anti-Demo.
cratic tenor of the Vichy regime
Armand Gael, member of the
Continued on Page Five: Col, 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
Text of Ultimatum Will Be
Found On Page 2; Col. !

Clearly STIMULATING "our terms"
under such surrender, the ultima
tum declared 1--WE shall not deviate
from them: There are no alterna-
tives: We shall brook no delay"
eve call upon the government
of Japan to proclaim now the un-
conditional surrender of all Japa-
nese armed forces, and to provide
proper and adequate assurances OF
their good faith in such action. The
alternative for Japan is prompt
and utter destruction, the ultima
tum asserted.
Greater and more terrible Allied
armed might than conquered Ger'
many now is 'poised to strike the
final blows at JAPAN" it asserted.
"The full application of our mili-
tary power will mean the inevitable
and complete destruction OF the
Japanese armed forces and the ut
ter devastation of the Japanese
homeland.
The terms demanded:
Limiting japanese sovereignty
to the four major japanese home
islands land such minor islands as
we determine carrying out the
Cairo declaration.
Elimination of Japanese leaders
who embarked on world conquest,
and destruction of japanese war.
making power.
Occupation of japanese territory
until new order "of peace, secu.
rity and justice" shall be establish
ed.
1--WE do not intned that the Japa-
nese shall be enslaved as a race
or destroyed as a nation" the pro.
clamation asserted, "but stern jus.
| CONTINUED on Page Two: Col. Al
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
.ICKES PREDICTS
Low COAL OUTPUT

WASHINTON, July 26.-W.g
Fuel Administrator Harold L. Ickes,
predicting ar even graver domes-
tic coal shorta ge, said today that
he still expects to get 10000 miners
from the Army despite acting Sec
rotary of War Robert P. Patter-
sons refusal to release them.
He told news conference that
he is counting on common sense"
to bring about change in Army
policy, and added that Il assume
there is always willingness in
the government to change ones
mind in the public interest"
Ickes parted questions about a
report that President Truman in
tends to accept his resignation with
in six weeks. He said he had not
decided whether to ask the presi-
dent to act on the resignation he
offered after President Roosevelt
death.
I'm getting tired of all these
post-mortems-or rather ante-mor-
tems," he observed.
Ickes, who said recently that this
nation must ship 6,000,0 900 tons OF
coal to Europe to prevent anarchy
this winter, urged that an Ameri-
can Coal Administrator be appoint
ed for the continent.
He said one is needed to coordi-
nate European coal production
Cnntinued ON Pare Two; Col. A
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
Clement AHlee To Form
New British Government
By C. T. MAILMAN

United Press Staff Correspondent
LONDON, July 26.-U.H-Prime
Minister Winston Churchill and his
Conservative government were
swept from office today in one Of
the greatest routs in British poll
teal history and Maj. Clement Att
lee succeeded as premier of a Ia
Dor cabinet with a safe majority
of approximately IFS seats in the
House of Commons.
Attlee is expected to leave for
Potsdam tomorrow as full fledged
member of the Allied Big Three
which now in a little more than
three months has lost two of its
original members Churchill and
the late President Roosevelt.
Churchill sat glumly all day at
No. 10 Downing Street, the Prime
Ministerial official residence, and
read the returns that spelled crush
ing defeat-the Conservative party
reduced from 1853 to 1913 Commons
seats; Labor strengthened from 1863
seats to 381, the government-sup-
porting National LIBERAL Party cut
in half, and IL out of II cabinet
ministers thrown oft of their seats.
At 7 pm. he went to Bucking-
ham Palace, where he had gone
so many times to report triumph
or defeat, and submitted his re-
signation to King George vi.
Five minutes after he left the pa
lace at 7:25 pm. Attlee arrived
with his wife in small automobile
and went inside.
The king designated him to form
government and he accepted
the first Labor man in history to
60 into office with a majority.
The late Ramsay Macdonald was
Prime Minister twice, in 1924 and
1929. But his were minority gov
ernments, remaining in office at
the pleasure of the opposition.
Now Labor-Socialist govern
ment is at the helm with complete
power over the country which is
the heart of the British Empire,
covering one-fourth the world and
Continued on Page Three; Col. u
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-07-27
AtHee Declares For
Japanese War Finish

LONDON, July &c. up -
Clement r. Attlee, newly desig-
mated as Britain's Prime Min
lister, told tumultous mass
meeting of the Labor party
tonight that "the first thing we
have to do is to finish the war
with JAPAN"
At the same time, Prime
Minister Churchill in a vale
dictory statement expressed
regret that had mot been per-
mitted to finish the work
against Japan"
"For this, however," he de-
clared, call plans and prepara-
lions have been made and the
results may come much quick
err than we have hithert been
entitled to expect"