davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-31

must be kept within the limits
laid down by the wage-price poll
icy of the Government.
This policy was described in
the order of last August which I
have already mentioned.
Briefly, 1t allows management
to make wage increases without
Government approval, but re-
quires Government approval be-
fore the wage increase can be re-
f1ected in higher price ceilings.
That is still the policy of the
United States.
To guide labor and manage
mept in their Interpretation of
this executive order, have to-
day issued an amendment--which
I hope every one of you will read
carefully in your newspapers to-
morrow-amplifying the order
and setting forth three classes of
cases in which wage increases
may be granted even though price
ceiling Increases may result.
They are all situations where
wage increases are necessary, ir-
respective of price consequences.
They will not cause many price
increases. g1 -
In addition the amendment
makes two points of Importance
which I wish to emphasize here.
The first point has been true
all along, but 1t has not been
generally understood. If man.
agement does grant a wage in
crease it is not prevented from
coming in thereafter and re-
questing Government approval
to have the wage increase con-
sidered for purposes of a price
ceiling increase. Whether such
approval Is sought before or
after the wage increase is given
it receives the same considera-
tion.
The second point is new and
Is very important. 1t Is some
thing which I am sure will help
industry get over this very diff
cult period of readjustment.
In cases where no approval OF
the wage increase has been re-
quested by management. or even
where a request has been made
and denied by the Government,
industry will not be asked by the
Government to take an unrea-
sonable chance in absorbing such
wage increases. After a reason
able test period which, save In
exceptional cases, will be six
months if the industry has been
unable to produce at fair profit,
the entire wage increase will be
taken into account in passing
upon applications for price-ceil-
ing increases.
Pledges Prompt Action
On Price Applications.
The Office of Price Admins
tration will have to give its
prompt consideration to all ap-
plications for price increases.
That Is your Governments
wage-price policy. For the time
being the machinery that admin
isters it will remain the same as
during the war.
But, as you know, have called
conference here in Washington
of the representatives of man.
agement and of labor. 1t will
start next week. One of their
jobs is to recommend machinery
for mediating or arbitrating dif-
ferences whenever collective bar
gaining fails to work. 81. =. /.
hope the American people !,
recognize how vital this confer
ence actually Is. Out of it can
come, the means of achieving in
dustrial harmony and a. new ap-
proacha to human relationshipEin i
industry. - >
Until that machinery can be /,
Evening star., 1945-10-31

great public service under Fed
eral management.
But quite as important as these
problems of unemployment is the
TACT that the end of the war has
meant deep cut in the pay en-
velope of many millions of work.
ers. I wonder how many of YOU
know that many war workers
have already had to take, or will
soon have to take, cut in their
wartime pay by one-quarter or
more. Think of what such a de-
crease in your own. income would
mean to you and to your families.
Now, how does it happen that
pay envelopes are being cut so
deeply? There are three reasons.
First, there is the present de-
crease in the number of hours
OF employment. During the past
few years of war, millions of
workers were asked to put in abb
normally long hours of work.
Now that the need is past, the
40-hour week is being restored.
The change-over from a 48 to
40 hour week means decrease
IN take-home pay. the amount in
the pay envelope. That decrease
Is much more than just the loss
OF eight hours pay. Workers have
been receiving time and a half
Tor overtime-for all the hours
they worker over 40. That over
time pay is now gone in the
change to a 40-hour week The
result has been a decrease of
almost one-quarter in the work
ers' weekly pay. :. -
Second, weekly pay is being cut
because many jobs are being re-
classified to lower paying grades.
The individual worker will feel
these particularly when he
changes from one job to another,
starting at the bottom of the
grade.
Third, the pay envelopes Of
workers will be thinner because
millions of workers who were en-
ployed in the highly paid war in
dustries will now have to find
jobs In lower-wage, peacetime
employment.
Millions of Families
Must Tighten Belts.
These three factors added to-
gether mean a drastic cut in the
take-home pay of millions of
workers. If nothing is done to
help the workers in this situation,
millions of families will have to
tighten their belts-and by sew
eral notches.
1t has been estimated that,
unless checked, the annual wage
and salary bill in private in
dustry will shrink by over twenty
billions of dollars. That is not
going to do anybody any good
labor, business, agriculture, or
the general public.
The corner grocer is going to
feel it, as well as the department
oObAS WIZ 4 Jill Od0O, IllC Gl1CdtSlS,
and the gas stations-and all the
farmers of the Nation.
1t is a sure road to wide un-
employment.
This is what is known as def1a-
ton, and it is just as dangerous
as initiation.
However, we must understand
that We cannot hope, with a re-
duced work week, to maintain
now the same takeLho pay for
labor generally that it has mad
during the war. There will have
TO be drop. But the Nation can
not afford to have that drop too
drastic.
Wage increases are therefore
imperative-to cushion the shock
to our workers. 4 to sustain ade-
qaate purchasing power and to
raise the national income. - ---
Evening star., 1945-10-31

worked out, I urge upon labor
and upon management the nee
essity Of getting together on their
problems. Public opinion will not
countenance refusal on the part
of either management or labor
to proceed In peaceful, free and
democratic manner to arrive at
just conclusions.
This is a time for proving the
lessons We have learned during
the war, the lessons of fair play.
of give-and take on demo-
cratic basis, of working together.
in unity for the future. We all
have a common aim, which is
prosperity and security, and
Just share of the good things of
life. We can help attain this
aim If we sit down at the con-
ference table and iron out our
troubles together. There is no
room in our economy for unfair
dealing or for greedy individuals
or groups on either side who want
their own way regardless of the
cost to others. The people will
not stand for it. Their Govern
ment will not stand for it.
The country is entitled to ex-
pect that industry and labor will
bargain in good faith, with labor
recognizing the right of industry
to a fair profit, and industry
recognizing labor's' need to
decent and sustained standard
of living-and with both of them
realizing that we cannot have
either deflation or imitation In
our economy.
The country, on the other
hand, should be patient and re-
alize that many of the parties
are out of practice in collective
bargaining. The point at which
the people of the country are en-
titled to become impatient, and
to consider the need of Govern
ment action, is when one of the
parties fails to bargain in good
faith or refuses a reasonable
offer of conciliation or arbitra-
ton.
I know that this is not an easy
way to solve the wage problem,
but it is the sound way. 1t is
the American way. I am con-
vinced that if labor and manage
ment will approach each other,
with the realization that they
have common goal, and with
the determination to compose
their differences in their own
long-range interest, it will not
be long before we have put in
dustrial strife behind Us. Labor
is the best customer management
has; and management is the
source Of labor's livelihood. Both
are wholly dependent on each
other; and the country in turn
is dependent on both of them.
Americans have always re-
sponded well in times of national
Evening star., 1945-10-31

suffering will be caused to the
workers during reconversion.
Sees Labor Facing
Stern Responsibility.
Labor must recognize these
, differences and not demand more
than an industry or a company
can pay under existing prices and
conditions. 1t has a stern .respon-
sibility to see that demands for
wage increases are reasonable.
Excessive demands would deny to
industry reasonable profits to
which 1t is entitled, and which
are necessary to stimulate an ex-
pansion of production. We must
not kill the goose which lays the
golden egg.
Labor itself has responsibility
to aid industry in reaching this
goal of higher production and
more jobs. 1t must strive con-
stantly for greater efficiency and
greater productivity-good work
done, for good wages earned.
Only in that way can we reach
the mass production that has
brought this country to the front
OF the industrial countries of the
world.
Labor must constantly find
ways within its own ranks Of cut
ting down on absenteeism, re-
ducing turnover, avoiding juris-
dictional disputes and wildcat"
strikes. Labor and management
must adopt collective bargaining
as the effective and mature way
OF doing business.
The extent to which industry
can grant wage increases without
price increases will vary from
company to company and from
industry to industry. What can
be paid today when we are on
the threshold of our postwar
production will be different, from
what can be paid next year and
the year after. when markets
have been established and earn
1ngs have become apparent. Both
management and labor must
keep on exploring these Develop
ments and determine from time
to time to what extent costs have
been reduced and profits have
been increased and how far these
can properly be passed on in the
form Of increased wages.
Let me now turn to the uues-
ton Of just how wages are to be
Increased. Many people have
asked the Government to step in
and decide, who is to increase
wages and by exactly how much.
have, indeed. been criticized
because / have not stepped in to
lay down the law to business and
labor. My refusal to do so has
been deliberate. Curiously enough,
the same people who urge me to
use Government wartime ma
chlnery Of control to determine
wage adjustments have on other
occasions been the first to point
out that the continued inter-
vention of Government must spell
the end of our system of free
enterprise.
am convinced that We must
get away as quickly as possible
from. Government controls, and
that we must get back to the free
operation of our competitive sys-
TEN. Where. wages are concerned,
this means that we must get back
to free and fair collective bar.
gaining. a. s.. t.s,.t
AS a free people, We must have
the good sense to bargain peace-
ably and sincerely. We must be
determined to reach decisions
based upon our long-range in
terest.
! Let me. emphasize, however.
that the decisions that are
reached in collective bargaining
Evening star., 1945-10-31

FOLLOWING is the tertz OF
President Trnman's mage policy
speech last night. - ~
Evening star., 1945-10-31

need. There are no easy answers.
there is no simple formula for
solving our difficult problems.
I have boundless faith in ths
common sense and ultimate fair
ness of the American people.
Given unity of purpose and a
determination to meet the chal-
lenge of the times, there is MOTH
ing too difficult for them to ac-
complish. They have performed
miracles during the war. They
can, they will, surmount the diff
culties which face them now on
their road to continued peace
and well-being.
Evening star., 1945-10-31

men would agree that wage in
creases are possible. Many of,
them, in fact, have already
negotiated substantial wage in
creases without asking for any
increase of prices.
Industry Can Afford
Substantial Pay Hikes.
There are several reasons why
! believe that industry as whole
can afford substantial wage in
creases without price increases.
First. the elimination of the
time and a half for overtime has
reduced labor costs per hour.
Second, the increase in the
number of people needing jobs is
resulting in a downward reclassi-
fication of jobs in many indus
tries and in many sections of the
country.
There is a third reason for be-
lieving that business can afford
to pay wage increases-namely,
increased output per hour of
work or what is generally called
increased productivity. While
increased production rests ulti-
mately with labor, the time will
soon come when improvements in
machinery and manufacturing
know-how developed in the war
can certainly result in more
goods per hour and additional
room for wage increases.
AS a fourth reason, business is
in very favorable profit posi-
ton today, with excellent pros
poets for the period that lies
ahead. Again, that is not true of
all companies. Nevertheless,
throughout industry and in every
branch of industry, profits have
been and still are very good in
deed.
Finally. the Congress at my
, suggestion is now considering the
elimination of the excess profits
tax. Provision has already been
made in our tax laws to enable
corporations whose earnings drop
below their normal peacetime
level to recapture a high propor-
ton of the excess profits taxes
which they have paid during the
preceding two years. These and
other provisions of the tax laws
were designed to reduce to a
minimum the risks entailed in
reconversion-and that is pre-
cisely what they accomplish.
They also add to the ability of
industry to increase wages.
However, there are important
limits upon the capacity of in
dustry to raise wages without
getting price increases. Let me
put industry's position before
you.
Industry has many risks and
problems ahead that labor must
recognize, For many companies,
wartime products which were
very profitable will have to be re-
placed by civilian products which
will not be so profitable.
There are also problems of re-
converting plants, of developing
new sources of supply, new prod
ucts and new markets, of train
ing inexperienced workers, OF
meeting increased costs of raw
materials and supplies. All these
will mean, at the beginning,
lower volume and higher unit
costs. .t",-,
These problems and difficulties
are particularly true IN the case
of small business-which Is the /.
backbone of the American COM :
petitive system. =
have said that not all COM
panies can afford these wage in
creases., I want to make clear, /,
further, that there are companies
where wages and even overtime
pay continue high, and where no
Evening star., 1945-10-31

Feel Deep Concern.
1 am sure that the workers of
the Nation, those who depend
upon manual labor for a liveli-
hood, also feel a deep concern
about full employment legislation
which is now pending in the Con-
gress. 1t is essential that the
Congress speedily adopt some.
effective legislation which em+f
bodies the principles underlying
full employment.
The American people are en-
titled to know now that this
Government stands for prosper
ity and jobs-not depression and
relief. Passage of a full en-
ployment bill will give the Amer
ican people this assurance.
The responsibility for the
damaging delay in enacting this
legislation is definitely at the
door of the Committee On Ex-
penditures in the executive de-
partments of the House of Rep
resentativeS.
I am also sure that the workers
of the Nation feel the same way
about what is now happening to
the United States Employment
Service in the Senate and in the
House. During the next year
millions of workers will have to
look to efficient and centralized
employment Offices to find jobs
for them anywhere In the coun-
try. The United States Employ
n1ent Service has done so much
during the war, and can do so
much during the months ahead
Il 1t can continue to operate as
0 Nationwide and unified organ.
lzation, that I hope the Congress,
Tor the time being, viii keep this
Evening star., 1945-10-31

There are many people who
have said to me that industry
cannot afford to grant my wage
increases, however, without OBJ
tanning a corresponding increase
in the price of its products. And
they have urged me to use ,ne
machinery of the Government to
raise both.
This proposal cannot be ac-
cepted under any circumstances.
To accept 1t would mean but one
thing-inflation. And that in
vites disaster. An increase in
wages, if it were accompanied by
an increase in the cost of living
would not help even the workers
themselves. Every extra dollar
that would be put in their pay
envelopes under these circum-
stances would be needed to meet
the higher living expenses result
ing from increased prices.
Juggling Would Bring
Runaway InHatl0n.
Obviously, such a juggling of
wages and prices would not settle
anything or satisfy any one. A
runaway imitation would be upon
us.
When imitation comes and the
cost of living begins to spiral,
nearly everybody suffers. Wage
increases, under those conditions,
would defeat their own purpose
and mean nothing to labor.
White-collar workers would find
that their fixed salaries buy less
food and clothing than before.
Farmers incomes would shrink
because they would have to pay
so much more for what they buy.
Increased earnings would mean
nothing to business itself. War
bonds, insurance policies, pen
sions, annuities, bonds of all
kinds would shrink in value, and
their incomes would dwindle in
buying power.
Therefore, wherever price in-
creases would have inf1ationary
tendencies. we must above all
else hold the line on prices. Let
us hold vigorously to our defense
against imitation. Let us continue
to hold the price line as we have
held 1t since the spring of 1943.
If we depart from this program
of vigorous and successful price
control. If We now begin to- let
down the bars, there will be no
stopping place.
After the last war. this Nation
was confronted by much the
same problem. At that time we
simply pulled off the few controls
that had been established, and
let nature take its course. The
result should stand as a lesson to
all of us. A dizzy upward spiral
of wages and the cost of living
ended in the crash of 1928
crash that spread bankruptcy
and foreclosure and unemploy-
ment throughout the Nation.
If these twin detectives of ours
stability of prices and higher
wage rates-were irreconcilable,
If one could not be achieved with
out sacrificing the other, the out
look for all of us-labor, manage
ment, farmer and consumer
would be very black indeed.
Fortunately, this is not so.
While the positions of different
industries vary greatly, there is
room in the existing price struc-
ture for business as a whole to
grant increases. in wage rates,
And if all of us would approach
the problem in spirit of reason
ableness and give-and- -take-f
we would sit down together and
try to determine how much in
crease particular company or
industry could allow at a partic-
ular time-I think most business
Evening star., 1945-10-31

A BRIGHT NEW TWIST IN WARTIME
ROMANCE. The charming story Of a pa-
iieni AvsiroIian porafrooper and girl
who fnalIy learned ih1t It's all right TO
keep your man wuifins not at the
aitar. LATE DATE by Jon cIsary.
Evening star., 1945-10-31

DRY LAND SAILORS, acoMPLETELY AT
sea-. The uprourioUs misudventurss Of q
very green Let skipper und crew who had
never been 70 seu-ond didn't know
hedvina line from d clothes line. "THIs
AMT NO TAXI by Robert M. Yoder.
Evening star., 1945-10-31

HOW THEY GET OUT OF THE ARMY.
The trials and iribvIotions Of sweaiing
out the last endless hours Of vneerioiniy
before discharge. The toughest and sweet
est moment in soldiers life. LAST BIG
SWEAT AND OUT by Milton Lehman.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06
Sanla's Pack Untitled


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ass astH.ie stiles Myaudotte
Mlss AyygDne s-les, Wyandot'e
Mr and MIs 4. II htace, Sagna"
Arthur A io4-s. PratNi-e
~ end alss r 9 Barrett, Holly
Mrs- c-1t-c DiNan' AortattHe
Ars. john Jarirr. M. 1iemfm
Miss shirley Gautfier flu2Ain9
Nr,. 81. Miller saginaw
MISS Betty Leslie Wyandotte
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Nils Catnefine Klein. Chessnmg
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Miss Fr-a Camp teoss Ieue
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Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06
Lemon Juice Recipe
Checks Rheumatic
Poin Quickly

- vou suffer rom rheumatic A7h~Us ~
nsur'tls PAIN. ny this simple iue1prntiss home
recipe thst Thousands are using Oct rlfF.
sge OF RUIZ COMPOUND. = No-wefk rupuiy
today NlI 10 with a ouart ~ water. scd ne
'1iro ~ lemons. Its Ssv No trouble o.
al ana pleasant. You need only Tablespoon.
'ulH two times = day Onrn within 4s lors
o. sometimes overnight -- splendid ~fuIits 0-s
obtained. n the pans % nrt qurlfv lr8yc
and II ynu do not fcol hotter. rr'grn the
empty package and RUIZ will cost y.u u0ff-
ing % Try a. II is sold Nv your Druggist under
an absolute money-haCk guarantee E4-Ix
compound " tor sale and recommended ly
drug stores syeryvhcrc.
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06

Miss Eleanor Pr1spts 17h77 Gable
Mrs r L HrIfeT 476s Dundee
Mrs. ReginSl d Bower, i]ol Baldwin
Mrs Margaret Enuth. $3.50 ~CroenAerr
Net.aica PnskaIfi,Hinf Tclln.Cy
Aar tEvv, t1fF TLkIn4a Fafr
Jimmie W pmling 9tt7 Crt1'ct
Mrs & = Parrish. Crosse Pointe
CeCrgs " Msrshsi, Toledo
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06
How Did
you R HAIR
Look this Morning?

WTAS vour hair dull and drv,
w or oiv and stuugv when
,m brushed II this morning?
Was vour s,slp laden with itchy
fndud e,sle-5 Su,b coudl.
mons impair the healthy sp.
r,aranoe of your hair and scalp.
let Thomas brnr ,ou scalp
srpns--. Thomas treatment
helps looo other persons each
Isv. IL removes ,our dandun
scales and leave, your scalp
vitb q fresh. clean, healthy
feeling. Come in to+ay for free
consultation and sse for your.
ell ,yactIv how this
anaS\ reliable treatment
,.,.,l,
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06
Santa for Servicemen Fund

The Detroit Times,
1870 Cass,
Detroit 81, Michigan,
Enclosed find ... dollars my contribution 70
help provide Merry Christmas for the thousands Of
confined Michigan hospitals understand that FOR
81 send in the committee will purchase wrap and
deliver suitable gift.
Ny Name
Street Zone ',.','
City State ...,,,........
Detroit evening times., 1945-12-06

NJ no ~ Locslnston.
l1e'4 lttfr
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Mr. WiIaa tteIel0s. lr1sNft
Mrs TaF Kelly 5l4T Mcclellan
Mr. EHrsu k..riE. s7S1 Fourteenth
p smith N.Qf stLhtLmlcL
Mrs. john tNs Fisher. Crosse 10
Lucille iuiE Battle Greek
Miss AnEelue EAttalis. hazrl PHff
Mrs Harold Lynch s74O Dumbar'0n
n vsruAn. eos Hague
Richard TOchmsn, 425O Toledo
Miss Irene Reid, J 60A CasETain
OsCsr G. pclong FendA.~
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Mr. ans Mrs 4 a RICE 201Ae Bloom
SIT Donald : NaYottC esAe LNngN crt1
Naude T Foss 3q4F Hereford
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MISS Helen FraUEiu. fNA3 sheridan
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t0Eu CHrsry. NcrIrdsie
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s'rt NrU Cartr.r oFTe Warmer
hlr ard nIts. Harold ,. N-i's Stt
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Irnn iodire $50? Hansen
Nr and Mrs. p. q Mckinney. Kalamazoo
Gertrude ~taa1. Syst TNrrfV-third
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Port Huron
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