davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
Knowledge TEST

on The site Of CaJ Fort Don
e.,an .bl Fort Duquesne
.iCj Fort Dearborn
1-"AS the crow flies means:
TAI IN a vertical position,
Lhl ln a straight line tcl N
IA circle
Korea .rd go be- called tho
t-I Tartar KINGDOM tbl
i'aTIt k0C ior lcl Flow
fT Kingdom
Monday Cef. T., l94s
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01

60 THAT, in observing Newspaper
- Week, Americans will not be re-
stricting their attention to the pro
fessional or technical achievements
of publishers or editors, reporters
or photographers alone.
They will instead be rendering
tribute to the national spirit which,
stimulated and shaped by free
press, itself provides the press with
the strength, understanding and
conviction to preserve that freedom,
to demand and guarantee it.
American journalism cannot wish
for a greater reward or recognition
than that its unity of interest with
the people, and its fitness to advance
the interest of the people, is being
acknowledged in the form of popu-
lar mandate to carry on with job
we'll done.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
HE ROAD /
To TOKYO
BY James R.
Young

As WAR criminal trials are
"A being prepared In Tokyo,
Manila, Singapore, Nank'ng and
Nuremberg, l propose that The
International Military Tribunal
invoke articles vi, VII and VIII
of its Constitutional Charters 10
cover a score of top-fliSht Japa-
neSe army. navy and diplomatic
officers interned in a resort
hotel at Bedford Springs, Pa,
the Carlsbad OF America.
| am told that these impor-
tant japanese whom ! consider
war criminals, have diplomatic
status and may be immune from
a war trial. But | find in the
Constitutional Charter of the
Tribunal that the three articles
state expressly that official
position. whether as heads Of
state or as responsible officials
in government departments,
shall not be considered as irco-
lng them from responsibility or
mitigating punishment.
We have jailed NaZI diplomats
al Nuremberg as we'll as the
Nazi ambassador TO J a pan.
Heinrich Stahmer. Therefore,
the Japanese ambassador 10
Germany. Gen. Hiroshl Oshlma.
instigator of the Nazis plan 10
divide and conquer the world, IS
a defendant who should be
transferred TO military barracks
from Bedford Springs.
I'HE fact that the japanese
l. war criminal diplomats may
say that they acted on orders ot
their government or OF a Su-
pcrior does not release them
from obligation This condition
was agreed upon by the Allied
nations IN formulating the inter-
national military war crimes
commission
All Jap diplomats and news
papermen are spies. In peace
and war they repeatedly COM
mltted acts inimical 10 The
country to which they were sc-
credited or assigned
For example, FEAR Adm
y -;Atiittfrtr ffIo1frrfa,- the jsf, jsf,--+---,'-
attache TO Berlin. could be.
charged with espionage up 70
Jan ). l9i5. for directing spyng
on Allied vessels moving through
the paFdaReiies- The -Enferfr-..-
ton was transmitted to Berlin
by his agents AT lStanhul and
Ankara The admiral had A
boat, the Nippon Maru. IN Ger
many, and several Of his staff
who we're espionage agents es-
capped IN the vessel TO MalmOe,
Sweden.
II is indeed unusual for for
elgn diplomats 10 maintain their
own steamship service. but the
JapS are willy operators An
other group attempted 10 escape
from crumblIng Nazldom INTO
u zen mark. where they we're
picked up and interned by DAN
lsh patriots
TWO navy diplomats" on Ad-
mlral kouma staff pos-
SesSed d what may have been
secret scientific plans when they
were caught on German SUBJ
'-rTET1np toward t1e End of tlTe ~
war IN the north Atlantic. on
arrival under escort AZ Ports
mouth. y II the two Japs
were found dead The nature Of
the documents with them has
not been revealed / do know
that The NaziS and JapS We're
exchanging research lnforma-
ton and shipping scientific
equipment and engineers by SUBJ
marine 10 Japan My lnforma-
ton. from a Swiss source. vas
confirmed IN 4 recent dispatch
from Japan quoting Nazi Am
baSSador Stahmer as saying
-tfrr-rr-tettS -tAt,.t~trief t1it-rS-
change of technical knowledge
and supplies exclusively by SUBJ
marines
We know that a japanese SUBJ
marine was intercepted while
-tA-,.4.lt- ne. f, ,ft.t f.f---------
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01

By DIR. SABINA CONNOLLY
Give yogfsslf one f1r tath "a ths tfsi
frs qussfiAns ant hvs FOR ~. Vast question
score $40 brilliant - brisht. As,
arsraFsi o-1 eull
The only musical instrument
adopted as 4 national syHull
Is \the lsl 'DIupo' 'HI
harp Cd drum
2-If you know volr forts sou
know that Chicago q, built
To- THE DETROIT TIMES
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01
Bv Sabina Connolly

5-The most popular state for a
l.. $ Presidents wife 20 be
y born Dal Virginia tb)Iowa
tCl New York
e-Maich- thEse columns cor
rec'ly The first name with
the last name Of people in
tho ncWs.
a tre4rfN r- tr'r |rr
-UIIrT ffa.I.r.r.
Nelson pesal
Archibald fIrF
Byron HrF
ANSWERS on opposite pageD
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01

served you well and faithfully with the calm. de-
IiberaIe. determined fighting spirit of the Ameri-
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-01

ANSWERS on opposite pageJ
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

Left to right-Marguerite Sumney,
Lois Wilmer, Miriam Klopfenstein.
Three young women composing the
Girls trio of Grabill, Ind, who will
be at the Defenseless Mennonite
church here Sunday for all services
including the singspiration at 8 p. m.
and the children's meeting at 1880.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

The Girls Gospel Team quartet
will conduct services at the Ypsilanti
Michigan, State Mental Hospital,
Sunday. Morning services will be
held for the patients, and evening
service, for the CPS unit there.
Margaret Chase, sophomore from
Toledo, will speak.
On February "a the quartet, with
the speaker, Clymenia Harmon,
sophomore from Pennsburg, Pennsyl-
vania, will conduct a service at the
Mennonite church In Topeka, Ind.
On the morning of February 25 they
will be at the Nappanee Mennonite
church, and that evening, at the
Goshen Eighth Street Mennonite
Church.
An all-college Valentine party was
held Saturday, February 10, in Ropp
Hall Dining room.
Ten juniors and seniors through
maintaining . B average for the two
previous semesters are exempt from
compulsory attendance for the second
semester. Seniors are Frances Beck
enbach from Garfield, Griselda Geh-
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

Those sweet missives of Valen-
tines day which were exchanged
Wednesday have a long history,
dating back to the period of the
Roman empire, albeit they have de-
parted considerably from the orig
inal conception of the day.
No reason for the sentimental
practices associated with the day
can be found in the life of the saint
who is made to endorse the custom
with his name. st. Valentine wrote
no love songs nor even cast wistful
eyes on the Roman maidens.
He was a bishop in Rome who
stood steadfast during the Claudian
prosecutions and lost his own life
for his faith. Later many OF fhe
holy fathers engaged in special cere-
monies in which they balloted for
names of saints in an attempt to
have a heavenly partner by which
they could pattern their earthly
lives.
st. Valentine having been one of
the most devout saints was chosen
by large number of the holy faith
ers as their patron saint, and con-
sequently the celebration was named
after him. February IA was selected
as the date for celebration because
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Sweet Missiyes Of Valentine Day
Originated Far Back In Roman Era

of the desire to substitute this holier
rite for a more pagan ceremony
which existed at that day.
The clergy, however, failed in
their attempt to make the ceremonies
popular among the youth of the
day. The young people were not
satisfied and instituted a secular
version of the religious practice.
In various times the churches
stepped in in an attempt to sanctify
the rites of st. Valentines Day. Al
ways after a temporary relapse the
custom would spring up again with
new vigor. The custom finally
became firmly established on the con-
tinent.
In the days of quill pens and high
postage rates the transmission OF
valentines was an expensive luxury.
The amorous swains of the early
period had to content themselves
and their idolized fair ones with
thick sheets of gilt edge paper.
The first page of each sheet was
adorned with a gilt cupid carefully
gummed on. As postal rates were
reduced, Valentines came into wide
use generally until today every city,
town and village follows the senti-
mental tradition.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Lenten Season In Preparation For
Easter Begins This Ash Wednesday

Gradually it came to be the custom
of friends and relatives to manifest
their humility by joining the peni-
tents, expressing a similar contrition
in their outward guise and offering
their foreheads for the ashes.
In time the number grew so large
that it was made necessary to ad-
minister the ashes to the whole
congregation in single rite, the
form used at the present time.
Ash Wednesday was not always in
cluded within the Lenton period. In
the fifth and sixth centuries Lent be-
gan with the succeeding Sunday and
lasted six weeks. Omitting Sunday
this would be 36 days. The addition
of four days to this period makes
the fast exactly DO days in duration
and therefore accords with the fast
of Jesus as we'll as the fasts OF
Moses and Elias.
The use of ashes in the ceremony
has generally been discontinued since
the reformation. The entire Chris
tian world, however, starts the Len.
ten celebration on this Ash Wednes
day even though the form of the
celebration varies in the different
religious groups.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

Opening of the Lenten season, in
preparation for Easter, began this
Wednesday in an observance known
in the religious world as Ash We'd
nesday.
The Lenten period is a fast of 40
week days observed by the Roman
Catholic church and mary of the
Protestant denominations. 1t was
not until 1910 that the date was fixed
for the fast to start on Ash Wednes-
day and to continue through Holy
Saturday.
The name Ash Wednesday has a
general reference to the penitential
sackcloth and ashes so frequently
spoken of in the Old Testament. In
the Roman church there is a rite OBJ
served on this day in which the priest
places ashes on the forehead of the
communicates as they kneel at the
altar rail.
AS he does this he says, "Memento,
homo, quia pulvis es, ct in puferem
reverteris" Remember, man thou
art dust, and unto dust thou shalt
return). The ashes are obtained by
burning palm branches consecrated II
the church on the Palm Sunday OF
the year previous.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Button College Notes

man, East Greenville, Pennsylvania;
Donna Hartzler, Bloomington, ILL.,;
Harvey Mitchell, Pandora; Lois Som
mer, Pekin, Illinois; Eleanor Weaver,
Goshen, Indiana. Juniors are Hildred
Eversole, Bluffton; Iona Gerber, Orr
vile; LaVonne Hostetler, Smithville
David Rosenberger, Dalton.
A review of the life of John Kin
singer, whose heroism has aided
medical science in the prevention of
yellow fever, was given by Mar
guerite Jones, sophomore from Co.
lumbus Grove at the Tuesday chapel
service.
Harold Theissen, 1943 graduate
now of CPS camp at Mulberry
Florida, and son of Rev. and Mrs
John Theissen, missionaries to India
spoke in chapel last Thursday.
The Recreation Association will
sponsor a Music Appreciation Hour
Sunday afternoon.
The Y. w. C. A. girls drew names
for Sweetheart Sisters, for whom
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

end conference and workshop spon-
sored by the American Friends Serv-
ice Committee on the subject, "To-
day Makes Tomorrow, at Ohio State
University, Columbus.
Lois Sommer, senior, from Pekin,
Illinois, has been appointed as assist
ant to Rev. Forrest Musser, the field
secretary. Her work for second
semester will be part time, and will
be extended to full time work this
summer.
Miss Sommer has been awarded
the senior academic scholarship,
membership to "Who's Who in
American Colleges and Universities, .
and president of the Y. w. c. A.
this year.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Honor Rolls

Honor Rolls
Following are the students on the
Honor Roll for the third grading
period:
7th Grade-John Bauman, Richard
Steiner, Dorothy Amstutz, Mary
Louise Balmer, June Habegger, Dor
othy Hardwick, Villa Ann Hilty,
Ada Mae Oyer, Mary Jane Ram
seyer, Jane Risser.
Sth Grade-Roger Linden, Robert
Neuenschwander, Coletta Badertsch-
er, 10 Haller, Susanna Kempf, Bea-
trice Leiber.
9th Grade-Donald Herr, Harriet
Burkhart, Mary Jane Burkholder,
Marilyn Fett, Dora Luginbuhl, Mar
ilyn Stratton.
10th Grade-Malcolm Basinger
Mary Bauman, Betty Bixel, jeanne
Buhler, Sara Jane Huser, Eleanor
Linden, Alice Pannabecker, Harriet
Amstutz.
18th Grade-Robert Ramseyer
Elmer Stonehill, Leonard Smucker
Mary Lou Dean.
18th Grade-Otto Klassen, Sarah
Amstutz, Juanita Bame, Alice Jear
Bixel, Genevieve Buhler, Lois Burk,
holder, Dorothy Dunbar, Eileen Hal
Ter, Jean Ann Steinman, Eileer
Weinhold.
The following students have beer
on the Honor Roll for all three grad
ing periods, thus making then
eligible to be on the First Semester
Honor Roll:
7th Grade-John Bauman, Richard
Steiner, Dorothy Amstutz, june
Habegger, Dorothy Hardwick, Ada
Mae Oyer, Mary Jean Ramseyer
Jane Riser.
! 8th Grade-Colletta Badertscher
10 Haller, Susanna Kempf, Beatrice
Leiber.
9th Grade-Harriet Burkhart
Mary Jane Burkholder, Marilyn Fett
Dora Jean Luginbuhl, Marilyn STRAIT
ton.
10th Grade-Malcolm Basinger
Mary Bauman, Betty Bixel, Eleano
Linden, Alice Pannabecker, Harrie
Amstutz.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

The Evangelical church is holding
revival services this week. Rev. Ir-
vim Kaufman in charge.
Mrs. Bert Naylor has been on the
sick list the past week but is some
better at this time.
Mr.. and Mrs. John White held a
family dinner Sunday. The occasion
was in honor of Mr.. and Mrs. John
Whites 58th wedding anniversary.
Those present were: Mr.. and Mrs.
Clarence Whistler, Mrs. Robert McVey,
Mr. and Mrs. Charles White and dau-
ghter Marilyn, Frank White, Mrs.
Joyce Rosenfelder. Mrs. Pearl Jordon
was an afternoon caller.
Mrs. Gale Griffith and son Kelvin
left for Chicago, Friday, where they
will visit Gale Griffith at Great Lakes
Naval Station.
Mrs. Bessie Beagle, Mrs. Joyce
Rosenfelder were callers Sunday on
Mrs. Laura Ghaster and daughter
Ruth.
CPL and Mrs. Tom Hall of Wright
Field, Dayton, visited Mrs. Nettie
Pitzen and Mrs. Gale Griffith and
sons last week.
Mrs. Laura Ghaster is still on the
sick list but somewhat improved.
Mrs. Laurena Guin and Thelma Jor-
don, Mrs. w. B. Kramer were recent
callers on Mrs. Laura Ghaster and
daughter Ruth.
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Nonnamaker
and children were recent callers on
Mr.. and Mrs. w. B. Kramer.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Mt. Cory

Master Sgt. John Kramer visited
in the home of Mr.. and Mrs. w. B.
Kramer, Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. B. Kramer were
Sunday evening supper guests of Mrs.
Clair Bauman and family in Findlay
They also called on Mrs. Addie Kraft
and Mr.. and Mrs. Franklin Hoyer,
Sunday afternoon.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
In MemOriam

In memory of Marjorie Ellen
Clark, who passed away one year
ago.
No one heard the footsteps
Of the angel drawing near
Who took from earth to heaven
The one we loved so dear.
No one knows the silent heartaches
Only we who know can tell
OF the grief that's born in silence
For the one we loved so well.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Clark & Joan
Mr.. and Mrs. Wade Shook &
daughters
Mr.. and Mrs. H. Jack Clark
Mr.. and Mrs. James Clark.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15

they did kind acts for three days
before Valentines Day. On Wednes-
day, February IA the identity of the
Sweetheart Sisters" was revealed
through gifts at a party.
An all-college banquet will be held
in Ropp Hall Dining Room on the
theme, 'Everybody's Birthday,
Saturday night The Recreation As
sociation is sponsoring it with Mary
Kay Ramseyer, junior from Smith
vile, chairman.
Four Bluffton students, Frances
Beckenbach, senior, from Garfield;
Mary Locher, junior, from Bluffton;
Iona Gerber, junior, from Orrville,
and Florence Higa, sophomore from
Billings, Montana, attended a week
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Willard DilIn,dn
At Miami Beach

Pvt. Willard M. Dillman, son of
Mrs. Lulu Dillman, of 10 w. Elm
street, is now at the Army Ground
Forces redistribution station in Mi
ami Beach, Florida, after returning
to this country from more than two
years service in the South Pacific.
Following a rest, and occupational
and physical classification, Pvt. Dill
man will be assigned for further
duty.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Soilless Gardening

Some of the coral islands now oc-
cupied by u. S. troops have no soil
to support plant growth. So that
men on these islands can grow food,
a special kit for soilless gardening
has been made up for them. It in
cludes canvas bucket, planting
basin, seeds and chemicals.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Sweetheart Sister Week
Mix Mullins

Mullins should be mixed quickly
and not too much. Over-mixing re-
suits in tough mullins. Chopped fruit
or nuts should be added toward the
end of the mixing.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1945-02-15
Button High School Notes

18th Grade-Robert Ramseyer, Ell
mer Stonehill, Leonard Smucker.
18th Grade-0tto Klassen, Sara
Amstutz, Juanita Bame, Eileen Hal
Ter, Jean Ann Steinman, Eileen
Weinhold.
st. Valentine To Be Honored
Members of the upper four grades
will enjoy a Valentine party this
Wednesday night at 7:30 at the
high school. Dorothy Wenger, gen.
eral chairman for the party, is as
sisted by the following: Paul Reich
enbach, program chairman; jeanne
Harmon, decorating committee chair
man; and Mary Jane Garmatter, re-
freshment committee chairman.
Dancing will be in the gym as we'll
as games in the cafeteria under the.
direction of Mr.. Burcky and Miss
Steiner. There will also be a musi-
cal program consisting of numbers
by trio of senior boys, the "Six
Sad Sacks, and the Senior Girls
Trio.
Teachers Meeting
DR.. Swartz, of Bowling Green, was
the speaker at a meeting of the
Bluffton Teachers Association Thurs
day afternoon at $3.50 . DR.. Swartz.
spoke on "The Life of Lincoln.
Sweetheart Sister Week
Members of the Women's Council
were present for the "Sing Along
meeting of the Girl Reserves last
Tuesday night, Each girl was given.
the name of her Sweetheart Sister
in the form of slip of paper inside,
nut shell. The girls have done.
something each day for their Sweet
heart Sisters starting Monday. The.
names of the Sweetheart Sisters will
be revealed this Wednesday night at
the Valentine party.
Evening star., 1945-06-03
Enaineers to Visit Brewery

The National Association OF
Power Engineers, District No. /,
will visit the Heurich Brewery at 8
pm. Wednesday. A buffet lunch will
be served. The brewery is located at
Twenty-sixth and Water streets
NV.
Evening star., 1945-06-03
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT,

There is little tendency in Wash
ington to minimize the seriousness
of the situation in the Levant, or to
view it in the sharp contrast of
blacks and whites in which some
early comments presented it.
Most observers are agreed that
the attitude of Gen de Gaulle in
declining to make a formal reply
TO the British note and his open
charges that the disorders in Syria
were fomented by British agents
are distinctly unhelpful, to say the
least. But there is some justifica-
ton for his stand that France is not
required to discuss with other
powers the negotiations between the
French government and the govern
ments of the Levant states.
France already has recognized
the independence of Syria and Leb-
anon; the questions at issue con-
cern the retention by France of a
privileged position in her relations
with these states, position which
was recognized by Great Britain in
August, 1941, in an exchange of
letters between Gen. de Gaulle and
the British minister of state in the
Middle East, Oliver Lyttelton, who
wrote: Both Free France and
Great Britain are pledged to the
independence of Syria and the Leba-
non. When this essential step has
been taken, and without prejudice
to it, we freely admit that France
should have the predominant posi-
ton in Syria and the Lebanon over
any other European power"
Churchill Speech Recalled.
On February 27, 1945, Prime
Minister Churchill reafirmed this
attitude in a speech in the House
OF Commons in which he used this
language: "At that time 194D and
ever since, his majesty's govern
ment have made it clear that they
would never seek to supplant French
influence by British influence in
the Levant states" There is no
reason whatever to suppose that
this British policy has been de-
parted from, and Gen. de Gaulle
does his country and the cause of
international cooperation little
service by making reckless charges.
which almost certainly are born CT
an understandable annoyance at
the drastic British action in Syria
and the tone of the British note.
1t seems to many here that the
British government could have
acted not less decisively but perhaps
somewhat more politely. The blood
shed in Damascus and elsewhere in
Syria had to be stopped; the British
had the force at hand to do it, their
responsibility was clear, ana their
military and political necessities
imperative. But this necessary ac-
ton surely could have been taken
with a greater regard for French
SuSceptlbllltleS. After all. France
Is now recognized as a great power.
as one of the Big Five, a permanent
member of the Security Council of
the new world organization which
is in course of creation at San Fran
cisco. This much being said. one
must add that there seems little
excuse for any bloodshed at all and
it is quite possible that not all the
responsibility for the disorder lay
on French shoulders.
In a land where there are no
Evening star., 1945-06-03
Resolution Urges
Tribute to Lidice
On June 10

President Truman would be auth
orized to proclaim June 10 as Lidice
day ito perpetuate mankind's fight
for liberty" under resolutions spon-
sored by Senator Wiley, Republican
of Wisconsin, and Representative
Stefan. Republican, of Nebraska.
This June 10 will be the third
anniversary of the destruction by
the Nazis Of the 400-year old vii
lage in the Bohemian hills of Czech
oslovakia.
In retaliation for the assassina-
ton by Czech patriots of Nazi
"hangman" Reinhard Heydrich,
Nazi troops slaughtered the 628 in
habitants and reduced the village
to rubble.
Authors of the resolution said "the
resolution said the martyrdom of
the people of Lidice has been a
lasting symbol of the eternal de-
sire of all people for freedom"
Evening star., 1945-06-03
Food
Continued From First Page)

or in community canning center
Civilian supplies of commercially
canned fruits and vegetables are
now at the lowest point of the war
and next winter will be one-fourth
less than last year.
BY conserving food in every pos
slble Way-wasting not an ounce. In
anything so hazardous and difficult
as growing food, we cannot afford
to take chances. We must ALWAYS
reckon with the weather, which in
some parts of the country delayed
paintings and damaged some fruit
crops. We must plan for maximum
production.
With millions of American men
and women dedicated to this task,
our food will make a real contribu-
tion to the final victory and the
peace"
To insure that sugar allocated
to home Gamers will not be mis-
used, the OPA has issued new reg
ulations, curtailing the amount of
canning sugar and requiring a
pledge from home Gamers that
whatever sugar is granted them
will not be used for other purposes
In areas where canning has not
started, or supplies of fodstuffs are
not available for preserving, the
OPA has halted issuance of home
canning sugar allowances, to allow
ration boards to double-check ap-
plications.