davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-12-06

ference In the ONCE Of the Chief Of
Stan. this one February 6, 194l, were
read into the record by Mr.. Mitchell.
The subject Of the conference was
Defense Of Pearl Harbor." The
minutes stated:
Gen. Marshall indicated that the
Navy had insufficient nets for de-
fense against either submarine or
plane e-carried 'torpedoes. He fur
ther indicated that there was a pos
sibility of a japanese attack"
Maj. Gen. Sherman Miles, then
chief of intelligence. an earlier wit
ness, stated at the meeting, accord
ing to the minutes, that G-2 had
no information indicating the prob
ability of an attack. The minutes
showed: s...L
Gen. Marshall stated that the
planes in Honolulu were, in general,
obsolescent and that we should have
reasonable number Of top-flight
planes which would outperform any
the japanese could bring on their
carrier
Hart Lacked Antiaircraft.
At the later meeting, In which the
various staff members were quoted
geographically, Gen. Marshall said
Admiral Thomas c. Hart, COM
mander Of the Asiatic Fleet and now
a Senator from Connecticut, had at
that time, February Is, in the Phil
ippines six new submarines, one old
cruiser, but mot one antiaircraft
gun
THE planes in the Philippines, /"
Gen. Marshall added, ARE of the
Swedish type which the Chinese
turned down. If we had a single
squadron of modern planes in the
Philippines, it would at least give
the japanese something to think
about"
Corroborates GerOw.
Gen. Marshall, who propab bly, will
be on the stand for three or four
days, said at the outset he heard
nothing at the famous Roosevelt
Churchill Atlantic Charter meeting
in August, 1941, committing this
country to 60 to war.
He also corroborated testimony
given yesterday by 1t. Gen. Leonard
T. Gerow, former head of the War
Plans Division, that the joint tech
nical war plans discussions held by
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Pay Bill
Continued From First PaseD

leading the opposition. One Of SEN
ator Byrd's objections to the bill
is that 1t might be interpreted rs
furnishing . wage pattern for ma
tional reconversion.
The Virginian also contends that
further wage increases should not
be granted until the Government
drastically reduces its personnel.
The Senate is to discuss the bill
under an agreement that a vote
will not come before next Monday.
The program was consented to by
the Senate yesterday.
The agreement was given by
unanimous consent at the request
Of Chairman Downey. Action may
be taken before the end Of thia
week on some Of the numerous
amendments which are to be offered
it was explained.
Barkley Sees Delay.
Majority Leader Barkley entered
the brief discussion on the Senate
floor yesterday to suggest it may b<
necessary to lay the bill aside
temporarily today for considera.
ton OF the ship sale bill and on
Monday for consideration OF the
national hospital development bill
Because Of the known opposition
of some Senators to action on the
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Pearl Hurbor
Continued From First Page.)

miral Harold r. Stark, then chief
of naval operations, plans for getting
these planes to Hawaii on a carrier
without Grating them. He also began
immediate conferences with the air.
plane factory at Buffalo to expedite
the delivery of new P-40s, SO that
they could be sent to Pearl Harbor.
just before the noon recess Com
mittee Counsel Mitchell asked Gen.
Marshall If he knew whether the
air-warning service installations for
Pearl Harbor were made available
on scheduled time in 1941.
Had Six Air-Warnlng Sets.
II think you will have to 20 to
the records for that" Gen. Marshall
replied. "All I can tell you off-hand
is there were six mobile sets there on
December T."
He added that there were also
three fixed sets not in operation.
The record shows that on the
morning Of December 7 the ap-
proach Of the Japanese planes was
detected on the air-warning appara-
tus by two enlisted men who were
engaged in training activity, and
that their information was relayed
to an Air Corps lieutenant, but was
not passed on to higher authorities.
In detailing the general staff
meeting Of February Is, 194l, Gen.
Marshall reported that he told the
session I'VE also have information
regarding the possible use of torpedo
planes"
1t was planes bearing torpedoes
which caused the heaviest damage
on the fleet in Pearl Harbor.
Brief minutes from an earlier con-
Evening star., 1945-12-06
-AP Photos.

American, British and Dutch ofh-
GERS before Pearl Harbor did not
commit this country to 60 to war
unless it was attacked.
Asked by Mr.. Mitchell for the
circumstances leading up to the
1910 alert, Gen. Marshall said his
recollection Is that it was recon-
mended by Brig. Gen. George "
Strong, adjutant general, 'ax the
result of several sources of infor-
nation. largely magic, that there
was threat of Japanese action in
that area at the time" The word
magic" has been used to describe
intercepted secret Jap messages.
Letter Made Public. ~.
The fears that existed In the sum-
mer of 1910 are more fully described
in a letter made public today which
Gen. Marshall drafted at the time
to send to 1t. Gen. C. D. Heron
who commanded the Hawaiian out
post in 1910. Apparently, however
the fear of attack had subsided and
the letter OF explanation was never
sent. The alert, however, was con-
tinued for at least two months. the
correspondence shows.
Gen. Marshalls unmailed letter
read as follows:
My Dear Heron:
You have no doubt wondered al
to the alert instructions sent to
you on the 18th. Briefly, the combi-
nation Of information from a num-
Der of sources led to the deduction
that recent Japanese-Russian agree
ment to compose their differences
in the Far East was arrived at and
so timed as to permit Japan to un-
dertake a trans-Pacific raid against
Oahu, following the departure oi
the United States Fleet from Ha-
waii
Presumably such a raid would
be in the interests of Germany and
Italy, to force the United States to
pull the fleet back to Hawaii.
Whether the information or de-
ductions were correct I cannot say
Even If they were, the precautions
you have taken may keep us from
knowing they were, by discourag-
ing any overt act.
I'm any event it would have been
foolhardy not to take special pre-
Icautions. The world situation is so
Evening star., 1945-12-06
|26,200 Troops Listed
Aboard 81 Vessels
due in u. ). Today
Hx the Associated press.

~ bnG AooDClAtSu EIEeHs
About 1900 servicemen are sched-
uled to arrive today at East Coast
ports aboard IL troop carriers, while
12,200 veterans are expected on tbs
West Coast on at least 23 vessels.
At New York-Gen. Greeley, 2,790
troops, including 9Th Army Air
Forces Radio Squadron; 191st En-
gineer Light Platoon Company; 34th,
35th, 49th, 60th Portable SurgicalHos-
pitals; 3927th Quartermaster Truck
Company; 703d Antiaircraft Artil.
lery Battery; s57th Ordnance Heavy
Automotive Maintenance Company:
18th Fighter Squadron; 7th Airbase
Command Detachment; 209 pa
tients: Some Red Cross, owl, Navy
ano Marine personnel.
Lejeune, 1864 troops. including
10th Antiaircraft Gun Battalion:
Headquarters and Headquarters
company and Headquarters Battery,
18th Corps and Corps Artillery:
430th Fighter Squadron; 44lst Bomb
Squadron; 128tn and 129th Railway
Workshops; 3s08th Signal Ordnance
Heavy Automotive Maintenance
Company; 1S5th Ordnance Depot
Company; 1880 Quartermaster Gas
Supply Company.
Torrens, l,67s troops, including
headquarters Squadron, 33d Fighter
Group; 5Sth. 59th and 60th Fighter
Squadrons. Noah Webster, 536
troops, including Headquarters and
Headquarters Detachment, 525th
Port Battalion; 212th and 415th Port
Companies. Edward Sloan. Is mis-
cellaneous troops.
At Boston-Cranston Victory, 1,7l0
troops, including Headquarters and
Headquarters Detachment, 271st and
304th Quartermaster Battalion, 6l0th
Tank Destroyer Battalion, 443d
Bomb Squadron, 718th Railway OPP
erations Battalion, 6o7th Ordnance
Ammunition Company, 1o19th Engi-
neer Treadway Bridge Company.
Miscellaneous Army Personnel.
Henry D. Lindsey, ~ miscellaneous
Army.
| At Newport News-John Lawson.
SIS troops, including 40s2d Quar-
termaster Service Company; 176th
and 178th Port Companies. More
than 2,038 miscellaneous troops
aboard three ships.
! At San Francisco-A total of S,s01
servicemen expected aboard nine
vessels
At San Diego-1, ,655 miscellaneous
personnel on nine ships.
At Seattle-629 troops on three
transports.
At Los Angeles-1,0 ,065 miscellane-
Gus personnel on two ships.
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Pearl Harbor Probe
'Asinine,' : Says Yank
Who Gave Warning
Ey The Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Dec. 6.-The Herald
Tribune said today that Joseph l.
Lockard, who as a private detected
and vairlly warned that Japanese
planes were approaching Pearl Har-
Dor December 7, 1e41, has termed
the congressional investigation OF
the Pearl Harbos attack "asinine. VI
.Lockard, recently given an honor
able discharge as a first lieutenant
was reached by telephone at his
home in Williamsport, Pa, and the
Herald Tribune quoted him as say
ing:
i've been wanting to say this
for years. Responsibility can't be
pinned on any American. We have
lost sight of one important fact
the Japanese were responsible for
Pearl Harbor.
II don't think the investigation is
doing our country any good. I
don't think it's doing our foreign
relations any good either. We're in
very critical period now. The
country is far from Strengthened out.
Yet they'll take up the time of
dozens of Senators investigating
something of which the true per-
spective won't be apparent for at
least so years.
II don't see how or why you could
blame America. We're not the kind
of people the Japs are. We can't
anticipate dastardly things. The
Japs did it and only the Japs."
Lockard said he was operating
radar detector on the morning
of the Pearl Harbor attack and had
not heard the planes, but had seen
them" while they were still 1872
miles away.
The radar showed the incoming
planes as little pips jumping of a
straight line on the radar screen
indicating aircraft" Lockard said.
Lockard was a radar specialist
attached to Signal Corps Aircraft
Warnings. With Pvt. George FL
lott he was assigned to radar de-
lection that day from am. to
am.
Lockard said the island was on
partial alert" then. and that the
detectors were closed at am. on
Sundays and holidays.
Lockard said he saw the planes
at TOP am, called Elliott, who
agreed that large flight of planes
was approaching, and then called
the information center at Fort
Shafter.
The switchboard operator then
notified 1t. (now 1t. COLI Kermit
A. Tyler. Lockard said Tyler told
him he was expecting a group of
Bits and to forget it."
Evening star., 1945-12-06

pay raise bill at this time some had
believed consideration OF the bill
would 60 over until next year, but
Chairman Downey has been seeking
a chance to bring up the bill this
week and finally worked out the
arrangement.
He will offer several amendments
one Of which would grant an add.
tional $4,000 to the President te
defray entertainment and othel
expenses which are related to tn.
discharge Of official duties.
Judicial Pay Raise.
Among other amendments to b.
offered by Senator Downey are pro.
visions for increases In the pay oI
all of the Federal court justices.
The Downey bill, as it was report.
ed from the committee, excludes
from its oficials, District schoo
teachers, police and firemen and
members of the White House and
United States Park Police, rs well
As officers and employees of the field
service Of the Post Once Depart.
ment.
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Labor Regime Fosters
Unity Split, Churchill
Says, Urging Censure
BY the Associated Press.
YnNr0NY n>a

LONDON, Dec. s. Winston
Churchill called on Commons today
to censure Britain's Labor govern
ment and declared he was remain
ing in politics because II think 1t my
duty to try to prevent the great po-
sition which We won In the war from
being cast away by folly"
On the second day OF debate on
his motion OF censure the former
Prime Minister declared the govern
ment Of Prime Minister Attlee was
deliberately encouraging partisan
and factional interests at the cost
not only of national unity, but OF
our recovery and our vital inter-
ests."
There has never been 4 govern
ment which set out to revive our
prosperity on such a confidence
killing, impulse-sapping theory a
this" Mr.. Churchill said.
Ripping into Laborite opponent!
with his old vigor, the Conservativ.
party leader castigated Mr.. Attlee,
demobilization, housing and expor
policies. For the first time, MI
Churchill asserted that he woult
have sought to form another coali
ton government II he had been re
elected Prime Minister.
1T I had received q substantial
ma jority at the last election" he de
clared, my first thought woult
have been to have gone to the mi
nority to seek cooperation and t.
come to the strongest, widest pos
sible measure of agreement"
Mr.. Churchill declared that tn
government was keeping large mum
bers of men and women in tn
armed forces doing nothing or toll
ing at artificially invented work,
and added:
1T certainly is an astounding fac
that at the end Of this year we ar
employing 10000 more worker
making obsolete weapons to add u
already enormous dumps than In tn
summer OF 1889"
The former Prime Minister &C
cused the Labor government o
, spreading doubt and dismay" Il
the building materials industry witt
proposals Of government competi
ton.
Then jabbing at Sir Staffor
Cripps, advocate of austerity q
home to build exports abroad, MI
Churchill said Grips activity q
, president of the Board of Trad
has not only been a disappoint
ment to his friends, but disaster t
US ALL
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Marine Antioircruft Unit
Disbunded in California
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CAMP PENDLETON, OCEAN,
SIDE, Calf, Dec. 6.-Headquarters
Battery. LIST Marine Provisional An
tiaircraft Artillery Group. which
directed four Marine and two Army
antiaircraft artillery battalions in
beating of enemy air attacks on
Okinawa, was disbanded here yes
terday.
Files and records of the battery
were closed out by its commanding
otncer, Maj. w. L. Eddy, jr., Port
Washington, N. Y, and Sergt Maj.
Walter A. johnson. Roanoke, Va.
The battery was activated Mo-
vember l, 1914, at Kauai, Hawaii.
under command of Col. H. r. Paige
of New York Other commanders
included 1t. Col. C. T. Tingle. Will
mington, Del.
Evening star., 1945-12-06

troubled and changing so rapidly
that think 1t wise for you to keep
the command definitely on its toes
until I give you the 'all-clear' sig
nal"
The record shows that after Gen.
Heron got the first warning on
June IT, 1910. to Immediately alert"
his complete organization, he kept
in almost daily contact with Gen.
Marshall, describing in vivid and
picturesque language the steps he
was taking.
On the first day he wired WASH
ington. "all antiaircraft observa-
tions and security OF detachments
in position with live ammunition
and orders to fire on foreign planes
over restricted areas and in defense
Of any essential installations"
Two days later Gen. Heron got
word from Washington to modify
gradually" the measures he hao
instituted, but the alert continued
in some degree for two months. On
June "a Gen. Heron wrote q letter
to Gen. Marshall, which graph.
cally depicted the atmosphere ol
alert. He began:
This is to report that the Ha-
waiian portion Of your domain il
quiet this morning. I have JUS
come in from seeing the dawI
patrols take the air, and the anti
aircraft men roll out OF their blank
cts at the frst gray light, at th'
sound Of the claxon, and stant
to their guns. The infantry a
Walter Dillinehani's bathing beaci
on the north shore we're standing b,
their guns and looking out to sea.
On August 81, 1910, Gen. Herror
advised Gen. Marshall the alert hat
then been on for two months. H,
closed the letter with these words
however acute things be now, it Il
not yet war"
Gen. Heron was succeeded a
Hawaiian commander on Februar,
II, 1941, by Maj. Gen. Walter C
Short, who was there with Rear Ad
miral Husband E. KimmeI al flee
commander. when the Japs strucl
on December 7.
In connection with the 1910 Pear
Harbor alert, Admiral Richardson
then commander Of the fleet. testi.
! fed Originally that he was not mott.
fed directly of it. The Navy, how.
ever, co-opersted with the Army ir
carrying on reconnaissance.
I Admiral Richardson also testified
earlier that he wrote to the Chic
Of Naval Operations in 1910, inquir
ing about that alert, and his recol
lection was he got no reply.
! Mr.. Mitchell placed in the rec
ord today a letter received a few
days ago from Admiral Richardson
asking to correct his testimony, ex
planning he has looked up the rec
ordS and finds he did get repl,
on June 26, 1910. The reply from
the Navy Department informed hin
that the War Department had or
dered the alert as "precautionar.
: measure after consultation with tn,
Navy and State Departments"
The reply also directed him t,
continue his cooperation with tn
Army in the alert.
Gen. Marshall received an ovation
!, from the crowd that jammed til
Senate caucus room when he ar
rived few minutes before time TO
the committee to convene,
The man who guided America
armies throughout the war did no
Evening star., 1945-12-06

DIlllS QTCpdlcu oLAtGIilCllt, Uut
answered the questions In . quiet,
firm tone.
Ibid you ever serve in the Far
East?" Mr.. Mitchell asked.
Gen. Marshall said he served five
years In the Philippines and . little
short of three years In China.
"Do you speak the Chinese Ian
guage?" the lawyer asked.
II wouldn't say that" said the
general smiling. Il can get along
| carry on 4 conversation.
1.-The gentleman who said you
didn't know anything about China,
Mr.. Mitchell remarked, didn't
know what he was talking about"
Gen. Marshall described the Or
ganization OF the general staff and
the mobilization plans he began
putting in effect in 1910 when selec-
tive service was adopted.
Stimson's Comment Cited.
Mr.. Mitchell read from former
Secretary Stimson's formal com.
ment on the report Of the Pearl
Harbor board, in which the Secre-
tary defended Gen. Marshall and
added that the chief of stan could
not supervise all the details Of the
duties delegated to his stan, but
must confine himself to laying dowr
broad policies and seeing they wert
carried out.
"Do you agree with the Secre.
tary's estimate Of the duties Of tn.
chief OF stafi7' Mr.. Mitchell asked.
Gen. Marshal said he thought i
gave q good outline Of his duties.
ut was my responsibility" HI
added, ito determine and as far Al
humanity possible to control the &C.
tivities In all these fields I hav'
outlined"
What policy did you have will
reference to the commands in th'
field?"
MY endeavor was to select tn,
ablest people available at the tim,
, and to give them the responsibilitie
) which their positions entailed," Gen
Marshall replied.
Mr.. Mitchell then took up th
Atlantic Charter meeting. Gen
Marshall said he attended it, actini
; In liaison with members Of tn
British Army and Navy high com
mands.
I'VE met and discussed genera
military matters, In particular tn
material needed by the British
There was no difncult question there
for we were furnishing the Britisl
S all the material they needed s
1 far rs We could. There was . gen
S eral resume of the situation, par
e ticularly in the Mediterranean an
Singapore"
t Did you know of any commit
Y ment which the United States mad
i at that meeting for the Unite
States to engage in war If it wa
I not attacked?" Mr.. Mitchell asket
r Il did not know OF any," Ger
: Marshall replied.
I Did you know of any parable
action which Great Britain and tn
United States were planning to tax
s against the Japanese?"
It Il knew nothing of that until
n learned 1t from the joint Stat
: War and Navy Board on my retur
: to Washington"
e Yesterday. Gen. Gerow repeat
d ed to the committee his state
It ment to the Army Board Ia,
b year that it was the respons
y bility Of his War Plans Divisio
:" to follow up Gen. Shorts reply
n the November n warning. Drs
d maticaliy, Gen. Gerow told the cor
e gressional Investigators:
), If there is any War Departmer
IS responsibility for t>lure to sen
additional warnings to Gen. Short,
S must fall on the War Plans Div
Y sion, and as chief OF the divisio
;. at that time, I accept the respons
= bility.'
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Killed

1t. Col. william p. Keyan, jr, 28
whose widow, Mrs. Eleanor Bower
Kevan lives at Purcellville, Va. was
killed in the crash OF an Army
plane over the Mediterranean on
November n, the War Department
has notified his family. Details Of
the accident were not revealed in
the message.
Col. Kevan left the United States
in the middle of November for
Yugoslavia, where he was mill
tary attache. It was during flight
from that country when he was
killed.
He entered the Army Air Forces
as a second lieutenant after gradu-
alton from West Point In June, 1910.
He was sent to Italy in October last
year.
Attached to the 18th Air Force in
Italy for six months as a B-24 pilot,
Col. Kevan was awarded the Silver
Star Medal, the Distinguished Fly
ing Cross and Air Medal with Clus-
ter. He returned to the United
States last May.
A. graduate of Petersburg CVa)
High School in 1885, Col, Kevan
attended v. M. I. for year before
entering West Point.
In addition to his wife, Col, Kevan
is survived by his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. William D. Kevan, and sis
ter, Miss Marie Lucille Kevan, all
of Petersburg. He leaves young
daughter, Eleanor Randolph Kevan
who lives with her mother at Pur-
cellville.
Pvt. Robert A. Adams, 81, whose
wife, Mrs. Naomi NJ Adams, lives at
5507 Farragut street, Hyattsville, Is
reported killed in action in today
official War Department casualty
list. Pvt. Adams previously had
been reported missing after activity
with the 36th Division last March
IT near Hageneau, France.
A native of Hamilton, Ohio, Pvt
Adams came to Washington in 1898
for employment with the Railroad
Retirement Board. He worked later
In the Civil Aeronautics Authority
and in the Government Accounting
Once. He entered the Army in
April, 1914, and went ove-~<as last
February. Pvt. Hamilton leaves a
son, Robert Lee Adams, 8. pupil al
st. Jerome's School in Hyattsville
Mrs. Adams is employed with the
Washington Suburban Sanitary
Commission.
Capt. James E. Murphy, son OF
Mr.. Benjamin G. Murphy. 30la
Thirty second street NV, who Is
reported killed in today's .oficial
casualty list, was the subject of a
story in The Star on November "a
after his family had been notified.
Second 1t. Robert H. Schnepfe
whose; wife, Mrs. Leonora S
Schnepfe, lives at 1000 Cathedra,
avenue NV, also is reported killed
in today's casualty list. Mrs
Schnepfe could not be reached fol
further information.
Decorated
Capt. william Gordon Beecher, jr
Evening star., 1945-12-06
Nine. Chang Avoids Reply

CHUNGKING, Dec. 6 (P).-Mme.
Chang Kai-shek refused to COM
ment yesterday on a statement by
Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt Tues
day that the wife OF China's gen.
eralissimo was typical Of the Chinese
In that "she can talk beautifully
about democracy, but does not know
how to live democracy"