Evening star., 1945-08-10


international authorities.
The function of the agencies
would be to develop the use of
the waterways and assure equal
treatment on them for all ma
tions, Membership on the agencies
would include the United States,
Great Britain, the Soviet Union
and France, plus those states
which border on the waterways.
Our proposal was considered
by the conference and was re-
ferred to the Council of Miriis-
ters. There, the United States
intends to press for its adoption.
Any man who sees Europe now
must realize that victory in a
great war is not something that
you win once and for all, like
victory in a ball game. Victory
in great war is something that
must be won and kept won. 1t
can be lost after you have won
tiff you are careless or negli-
gent or indifferent.
Europe today is hungry. am
not talking about Germans. l
am talking about the people OF
the countries which were over
run and devastated by the Ger
mans, and particularly about the
people of Western Europe. Many
of them lack clothes and fuel and
tools and shelter and raw mate
rials. They lack the means to
restore their cities and factories.
AS the winter comes on. the
distress will increase. Unless we
90 what we can to help, we may
lose next winter what we won at
such terrible cost last spring.
Desperate men are liable to de-
stroy the structure of their So
ciety to find in the wreckage
some substitute for hope. If We
let Europe go cold and hungry,
we may lose some of the founda-
tions of order on which the hope
for world wide peace must rest.
We must help to the limits of
our strength. And we will.
Thoughts Turn Today
To Victory Over Japan.
Our meeting at Berlin was the
first meeting of the great Allies
since victory was won in Europe.
Naturally our thoughts now turn
to the day of victory in Japan.
The British, Chinese and
United States governments have
given the japanese people ade-
quate warning of what is IN store
for them. We have laid down
the general terms on which they
can surrender. Our warning
went unheeded, our terms were
rejected. Since then, the Japa-
nese have seen what our atomic
bomb can do. They can foresee
what it will do in the future.
The world will note that the
first atomic bomb was dropped
on Hiroshima, a military base.
That was because We wished in
this first attack to avoid. insofar
as possible, the killing of civil
ians. But that attack is only
warning of things to come. If
Japan does not surrender, bombs
will have to be dropped on war
industries and, unfortunately,
thousands of civilian lives will be
lost. I urge japanese civilians to
leave industrial cities immedi-
ately, and save themselves from
destruction.
I realize the tragic significance
of the atomic bomb.
It's production and its use were
not lightly undertaken by this
Government. But we knew that
our enemies were on the search
for it. We know now how close
they were to finding it. And we
knew the disaster which would
come to this Nation, to all peace
full nations, to all civilization, if
they had found it first.
That is why We felt compelled
to undertake the long and un-
certain and costly labor of dis
covery and production.
We won the race of discovery
against the Germans.
Having found the bomb we
have used it. We have used it
nnniy,ct fhNcn tarho nttnnlnl
without warning at Pearl Harbor,
against those who have starved
and beaten and executed Ameri-
can prisoners of war, against
those who have abandoned all
pretense of obeying international
laws of warfare. We have used
it in order to shorten the agony
of war, in order to save the lives
of thousands and thousands Of
young Americans.
Only Surrender Will
Stop Use of Bomb.
We shall continue to use it
until we completely destroy
Japan's power to make war. Only
Japanese surrender will stop us.
The atomic bomb is too dan
gerous to be loose in a lawless
world. That is why Great Britain
and the United States. who have
the secret of its production, do
not intend to reveal the secret
until means have been found to
control the bomb so as to protect
ourselves and the rest of the
world from the danger of total
destruction.
AS far back as last May, Sec
retary of War Stimson, at my
suggestion, appointed a commit
tee upon which Secretary Of State
Byrnes served as my personal
representative, to prepare plans
for the future control of this