davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-09-18

The question of drafting "just peace"
for Italy is rapidly turning into a con-
test for power in the Mediterranean
None of the delegates will admit this
publicly but the reports from London
make 1T clear that there is the same
jockeying for power as existed in the
days which preceded the peace treaties
after the World War
To the dispute over Italy's colonial
carcass is added Marshal Titos exag-
gerated demands for large territorial
acquisitions from Italy Tito claims
VeneZia Giulia, Istria, Trieste and the
Adriatic islands because of the heavy
losses Yugoslavia has suffered in this
war. He Is strongly supported-some
say inspired-by Moscow.
The Adriatic area and its hinterland
is vital to any country which wishes to
dominate the Eastern Mediterranean.
Stain himself recognized this at Te-
heran, when the first blueprinting of
postwar Europe was attempted After
having obtained from President Roose-
welt and Prime Minister Churchill a
free hand in the Eastern Balkans and
Central and Eastern Europe, Stain
agreed to respect Britains paramount
interests in the Mediterranean and con-
sented to let Greece and Yugoslavia be
placed in Britain's zone of influence
According to some of the participants
at the conference, it was Stain who
suggested that Britain play" with the
Partisans headed by Tito rather than
the Chetniks led by Draja Mihailovich
Stain argued that the Dalmatians and
the Croatians would be more amen
able to accept Britain's influence if
they were placed under the leadership
of the Croatian Tito than the Serb ma
tionalist Mihailovich.
After having taken advantage of
American and British lease-lend as
sistance, Tito coolly abandoned his west
ern supporters and placed himself un-
der the wing of the U. S. S. R. Today he
is regarded as more of a puppet than
Groza in Romania or Beirut in Poland.
Under these circumstances the Brit
1sh are hesitant to force Italy to sur
render any important portion of Italian
territory to this potential antagonist
of British interests in the Mediterra-
mean. This is causing a head-on collision
between London and Moscow.
Mr.. Byrnes, who has hoped that the
settlement of the italian problem would
not involve the complications of power
politics, is faced with a difficult task.
The United Nations Organization. on
which the American people have
pinned their hopes as world peace sta
bilizer, must wait to become a reality
until the spoils Of war have been di-
vided by the European victors 1t will be
only after the land grabs have been
agreed on that the European setup will
be placed under the control of the
United Nations Organization But ma
Ior handicaps to world peace may still
come in the negotiations which are now
taking place in London
Evening star., 1945-09-18
Gen. Wainwright's Thanks

To the Editor Of The Star:
Robert v. Fleming, general chairman
OF the Committee on Arrangements for
the reception in honor of Gen. Jona-
than M. Wainwright, has received the
following letter from the general:
"The rousing welcome which Wash
ington extended my. comrades and me
last Monday was an inspiration and ex-
perience that will never be forgotten.
We are deeply grateful to you, to the
members Of your committe and to the
people of Washington for the many
courtesies shown us and for the impress
sive demonstration. Mrs. Wainwright
joins me in thanking all of you for the
scroll, the keys to the city and for the
beautiful silver tea service that was pre-
sented to her.
Il am fully conscious of the great
amount Of time and energy which mem
bers OF your committee gave to plan
such ceremony and would be CRATE
ful If you would extend my sincere
thanks to them for their splendid ef-
forts" FRANK LA FALCE,
Co-ordinator Press Relations for the
Committee.
Evening star., 1945-09-18
John Mccormack
much.

Even If he had lacked the God
given gift of song, John Mccormack
would have been great personality,
an admirable and lovable man. He
was handsome to look upon, natur-
ally gracious in manner and bearing,
generous to everybody. Children and
old people worshiped him, people
Of his own age made him their
exemplar, a worldwide public was
his for the asking.
But that is not to suggest that
Mr.. Mccormack was not a deliberate
and conscious artist. Among pro-
fessional critics it long was fashion
able to refer to him as possessing
an unframed" voice when what
they probably meant was that he
was unspoiled. His singing was
human, unmarried by overemphasis
on technique, unblemished by the
tricks of the musicians trade. He
came of the folk and remained an
interpreter of them from first to
last. How true it is that he was an
authentic master of the ballad torn
may be discovered by listening TO
his recordings of Mother Machree"
and Kathleen Mavourneen." Yet it
would be unjust to stress his "pop-
ular" endeavors when he was equally
competent and equally successful
with Bach and Handel, Schubert and
Tschaikowsky. His performance of
Franck's "Panis Angelicus" was a
magnificent achievement. No rival
excelled him in "The Rosary" of
Nevin nor in Faure's "The Palms"
II it be wondered if these "platters"
are out of date, playing of them
will answer the question in the neg
ative. Improved methods of manu-
facture might have caught nuances
which they missed, but they still
are deserving of their fame.
So, too, Mr. Mccormack himself
will be remembered. Those who
heard him-and saw him-on the
concert stage became his friends.
When he sang the ave Maria" or
Holy Night" he touched the souls
of thousands who needed that ex-
perience. 1t was no accident that
his audiences responded with thun-
Evening star., 1945-09-18
Housing Controls

The announcement that the Gov
ernment will lift all remaining re-
Strictions on construction will come
as cheering news to all those Amer
leans who have been looking for
ward to new homes in the postwar
period. The announcement dispels
what had been a growing impress
sion that some of the public housing
authorities favored retaining con-
trolls in order to assure construction
of loW-priced housing, If not by
private industry then by themselves.
Another group had been fearful
of inflated building costs, hampering
the large-scale employment antici-
pated in an eventual revival of con-
struction. Still another, including
the United States Chamber of Com
merce, wanted all restrictions lifted,
which will be done October IS.
Some of the elements in the pent-
up demand for new housing are an
estimated current need of $500, 900
new homes, to meet which would
require construction of over million
year for the next ten years. Mil
lions of families, with unprecedented
savings, are looking forward to
homes of their own, having doubled
up" in inadequate quarters during
the war. The CT Bill of Rights
gives ex-soldiers the right to borrow
from the Government up to $4,000
for home purchase. All such condi-
tions tend, of course, to initiate prices.
Any continued control of prices on
materials found necessary will be
maintained solely to prevent infla-
ton. Controls designed to achieve
some sociological purpose-however
desirable the purpose might be-are
improper, now that the war is over.
Evening star., 1945-09-18

nally Act was put throughout virtu-
ally all that law accomplished was to
provide for strike vote before a
strike could be called and to legalize
the seizure Of plants by the Govern
ment.
President Truman, as long as the end
OF the war is not proclaimed, retains
wide powers granted the Chief Execu-
tive. He, too, is able to order striking
plants seized. But that is no remedy for
the situation which confronts the Ma
ton. Unless there can be an orderly
and speedy reconversion to peacetime
economy and industry, there is bound
to be vast unemployment. Strikes
will be the monkey wrench which de-
stroys reeonverslon-unless something
is done and cool heads take charge.
Labor leaders are relying on their vot-
ing strength to keep Congress subser-
Went. There is an election on the way
The CIO with its PAC has thrown the
fear Of defeat into some congressional
hearts. But the American people as a
whole will not take kindly to indus
trial civil war. Should public opinion
become aroused against the activities
of striking unions and their leaders
Congress may turn in wrath. and enact
laws much more stringent than would
otherwise come from its halls.
There has been no threat in this
country of a general strike-up to date.
1t took such a strike to bring things to
head in England after the First World
War. Then the English people them
selves rebelled. The result was the
passage of new trades union act, An
act which outlawed sympathetic strikes
among its various provisions. The
British bylaw also compelled a pub
lie financial accounting by trades
unions
The difficulty in this country today
is that the labor leaders will agree to
no legislation. They rant against the
proposed Hatch Halliburton bill which
has been carefully prepared and intro
duced in the Senate and which looks
to justice for the workers. for manage
ment and for the general public. The
authors of this bill have sought re-
port on the measure from Secretary
Schwellenbach, but have been content
to wait until after the coming peace
conference But they have visited the
Secretary and urged that he do some
thing without further delay.
This country can, if it will go forward
to great peacetime industry. 1t can,
on the other hand, go into a tailSpin
Evening star., 1945-09-18
European Emergency

President Truman's statement on
the subject leaves no room for doubt
that the liberated countries of Eu-
rope are desperately in need of coal,
transportation and food-"in that
order of priority"-to stave off
misery of a kind that is difficult for
Americans to envision in this land
of abundance.
Among all official agencies and
individual observers familiar with
the situation, there is full agreement
that this winter, unless every effort
is made at once to ameliorate con-
ditions, will be the worst in the
continents experience since the be-
ginning of Nazi aggression in 1899.
The danger is not only one of ice
cold homes and millions of empty
stomachs, but also of a growth of
social, political and economic dis
contents threatening anarchy in
many areas and impeding efforts to
re-establish a democratic European
society.
The President shows that he is
well aware of this menace, and he
makes clear that the United States
is by no means Indifferent to it. To
meet the worst phase of the problem
-Europe's fuel shortage-we are
now shipping, he says, about 100000
tons of coal every month across the
Atlantic, with the goal fixed at
100000 tons for the period ending
January l, or just bit more than
l per cent of our domestic produc-
ton. simultaneously, in the same
period, we shall be shipping hun
dreds OF millions of pounds of meat,
wheat and other foodstuffs, and we
are prepared-as soon as satisfactory
financial arrangements can be
worked out with recipient govern
ments and as soon as UNRRA is
granted additional funds-to make a
substantial increase in shipments.
AND all this, according to Mr.. Tru-
man, except possibly for some very
short items, can be done even as we
relax rationing controls here at
home.
AS the President says, it should be
remembered that these supplies will
serve only to sustain liberated Eu-
ropes diet, which remains below the
minimum level of subsistence. The
critical period is now. Winter is not
distant, and every thinking Amer
ican-aS much from the standpoint
of self-interest as because of hu-
manitarian feelings-will agree with
the President that this relief Job
must be done and done quickly. The
emergency is acute.
Evening star., 1945-09-18
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,pn

Diplomatic reports from London,
where the Council of Foreign Minis
ters Is holding its first momentous
meetings, indicate an intense struggle
"for position" between Great Britain
and Russia. Minor powers are being
used as pawns in the game.
The principal question under dis
cussion Is the fate of Italy-whether
she is going to be rehabilitated as
second-rate power or be stripped of
many of her territories and become
flfth-rate nation In the Mediterranean
Basin.
Before leaving Washington Secretary
OF State Byrnes and his advisers were
understood to favor an equitable"
peace for Italy. In view of the fact that
Italy loyalty disassociated herself from
the Nazis and co-operated with the AL
lies to the best of her ability, the
American and British governments
agreed that only minor rectification of
frontiers should be imposed
ltalys colonial empire was to be taken
away only nominally and placed under
the trusteeship of the Italian govern
ment. Thus Italy would have kept the
economic benefits of her former COL
onles, but could not have used them for
fighting purposes if the curious play of
power politics had pl.ced her eventually
on the side of a nation which wishes
to wage another aggressive war
The well-laid British plans
seem to be stymied by the determined
stand of the Russian government.
After having wrought from her west
ern allies vast concessions in Eastern
Europe for "securitys sake Russia
wishes to establish herself now as
Mediterranean power with bases from
Tangier to the Red Sea-
In order to achieve this aim Russia
Is reported demanding the control of
certain strategic territories, such as
Eritrea, which formerly belonged to
Italy, and a trusteeship over a portion
of the one-time Italian empire in
North Africa.
To counter this move, which makes
even the British labor government un-
easy, Foreign Secretary Bevin decided
to bring into the London discussions the
British dominions which are directly
concerned in any settlement in Africa
and the Mediterranean. The security Of
the life line" of communications be-
tween the mother country and Aus
tralia, India, New Zealand and South
Africa is Of vital Importance to those
offsprings of the British Empire. The
American delegation saw the justice of
the London governments request and
accepted the representatives of these
free dominions at the conference.
4
Foreign Commissar Molotov, lacking
adequate arguments to oppose the re-
quest sprang out of his diplomatic Pan
dora's box the demand that the Ukrain-
ian, White Russian and Polish republics
also be accepted at the green table,
although they have no more interest in
the Mediterranean than in fishing in
the Potomac
Evening star., 1945-09-18
Atomic Bomb and Noyies

The announcement that the cap
tured japanese battleship Nagato
will be the target of atomic bombing
is of vital interest for every phase
OF sea power. The outcome of these
crucial tests may go far to determine
the form of navies in the postwar
future. No better subject for the
experiment could be chosen than
this 35,000-ton giant of the Imperial
Navy, which embodied the latest
protective devices against air bonn
bardment. 1t withStood a concen-
trated air attack last July by large
force of American bombers, suffer-
Ing three direct hits which caused
much superficial damage yet emerg-
ing structurally sound. its 14-inch
steel armorplate sheathing over vital
parts withstanding the bomb blasts.
This "indestructible" unit of the
japanese Navy will soon be towed
from its berth at the Yokosuka base
500 miles out to sea, there to undergo
its atomic ordeal. No such peace
time experiment has occurred since
those made shortly after World War
I, when captured German capital
ships and two of our own obsolete
battlecraft were bombed and sunk
by Army planes under the direction
OF the late General William L.
("Billy") Mitchell. Those tests led
to notifications of naval concepts
and battleship design in navies
throughout the world The technical
developments resulting from the
coming experiment may be still more
sweeping in character.
Our Navy Department is especially
anxious for specific data on the fol-
lowing matters: Cd Whether an
atomic bomb will cause the destruc-
ton of single ship; (2) what it will
do to task force; 90 what effect it
will have on the water. 1t should be
remembered that as yet only three
atomic bombs have been exploded
and that all were over land What
will happen when such bombs are
detonated over or under water is
problematical. According to most
Navy thinking. the most dangerous
effect of the atomic bomb used at
sea could be under water, since it
is we'll known that water pressure
greatly magnifies the effect of a
torpedo or mine. On the other hand,
some experts are inclined to believe
that atomic bombs exploded over
water may be less destructive than
those over land targets, where hills
or mountains concentrate it's power.
ANOTHER moot question is the effect
OF an atomic bomb upon the metals
in the bombed warships themselves.
The steel tower from which the
initial bomb was suspended in the
New Mexico experiment was COM
pletely vaporized, and metals at
Hiroshima and Nagasaki appear to
have been highly susceptible to
damage. Light on all these debatable
points will be sought in the forth
coming experiment.
The tests will not be secret. They
Evening star., 1945-09-18
Advocates Slum Clearance

haNoSdtSs CluIH clearance
To the Edito. Of Tn. Star:
We have task on our hands. 1t con-
Germs manpower and few other things
We do not have any job shortage. nor
Will we-if We use our heads. BY that I
mean that those authorized to analyze
and remedy the employment situation
aren't looking in the right place. There
will be no need to create" jobs-we have
one already. I mean the job of cleaning
up ourselves
All Washingtonians, except the most
clustered, have had some glimpse of the
slum situation. Even visitors to our
great city cannot help but notice it,
for Union Station is in the heart of one
OF the worst sections. One emerges from
the station to face our beautiful Capitol,
but If his glance should stray a little to
the right or left. the view isn't so nice.
We should clean up every back allev
and side street in this city We must tear
down all the unsanitary shambles and
firetraps and build clean, safe. modern
houses in their places, street by street. in
both white and colored sections. We owe
1t to the health of our citizens.
MARILYN MORRIS.
Evening star., 1945-09-18
World Economy Changes
By Raym oIey

means much faster speeds. To trans
port one ton twice as fast is to double
the quantity of trade.
Great efforts will be made to utilize
our huge supplies of war planes. Thrifty
Sweden has already bought American
bombers, which she is converting into
comfortable passenger planes. In the
long run, this will not be an efficient
carrier because of the fuel required, but
in the time before peacetime planes are
ready in quantity, the Swedes will turn
many thrifty kronor. Airlines here and
abroad are promising greatly reduced
passenger rates.
The materials and the means of trans
portation are rapidly making their ap-
pearance. The prospects are bright for
world commodities and transportation,
and as soon as Europe is back at work,
supply may outrun demand. But the
great question will be how adequately
the commodities and means of trans
portation will be used. Much of the
world is in the Russian sphere of in
fluence, which means for the time being,
less contact with the world. Japan and
Germany are out for a long period.
The fleets of the sea and the air are
larger, but the areas they can traverse
are smaller
The situation may not be unlike that
which prevailed after the World War.
There were then large possibilities in
transportation, quicker means of COM
munication. But the promise of re-
covery was darkened by artificially, made
impediments in the way of their use.
The economic tide is ready to flow.
Political forces must clear the way.
The time will soon be ripe for a world
economic conference,
Released By the Associated Newspapers, Incl
Evening star., 1945-09-18
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

To say that members of Congress are
disturbed over the strike situation-at
time when reconversion to peace
time economy is underWay-is to put
it mildly. With more than 100000
workers on strike and the possibility
that within few days the army of idle
workers will be increased to more
than half million the situation is so
dark that it may be called black. 1t
looks as though the country may be
faced with legaliZed civil war.
Neither Congress nor the administra-
ton has acted effectually to meet con-
dition which was predicted months ago.
One step the new Secretary of Labor,
Mr.. Schwellenbach, has taken. after
consultation with the President. In con-
junction with Secretary of Commerce
Wallace. he has called labor manage
ment peace conference. The date of
the conference has been tentatively
fixed-either October % or November 5.
How much can be accomplished by
such a conference if at the time it is
held the country is torn with strikes
and lockoutS is great question. The
purpose and plan of the conference are
admirable, however, and it will be a
81 pilS IL IL IOIilCS wv ldtS. oIlc
thing that might be done-the opening
of the conference might be advanced.
President Truman for his part has urged
labor leaders to continue the no-strike
pledge during the immediate period of
reconversion, bur has been turned
downfall. The great automotive in
dustry, which was slated to spear
head the return to peace time indus
try, is rent with strikes The Ford COM
pany itself has acted to shut down
works employing $4,000 workers, be-
cause of Gripping and unauthorized
strikes. The UAW-CIO leaders are
threatening strike which will affect
100000 workers if their demands for
30 per cent increase in wage rates
are not granted. General Motors and
Chrysler will be covered completely
in such a strike. The steel workers are
demanding an increase in wages of
81 a day. Much of this trouble is il
Detroit which has been called the heart
of Communist aspirations in this coun-
try.
Labor egislatior-legislation that in
any way would make the unions and
their leaders more responsibilities
been dead duck for years so far as
Congress is concerned. Such proposals
found no favor with the late President
Roosevelt. 1t is true the Smith-C Con-
Evening star., 1945-09-18
Protests Dual Citizenship

To the Editor OF The Star:
In February. 1914, our Navy in force
struck Truk, the Japanese Gibraltar.
Japan had been developing all six of its
harbors since she was awarded man
date" after World War I. Truk ALWAYS
will be of interest to students of Ameri-
can history because of its proximity to
our Guam.
1t is curious that Congress was bullied
into canceling our Army Navy plan to
make Guam an American Gibraltar.
Had this been done, we would have had
no Bataan, no march-o f-death, no
Tarawa. We might even have not had
war with Japan.
Are we much wiser today in still per-
mitting dual citizenship? 1t Is no mere
coincidence the three nations which
always have demanded it became the
three Axis partners.
H. J. McCLATCHY,
Executive Secretary, California Joint
immigration, Committee.