davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-06-09

to go along with the other four big
powers.
In their statment of their position
on the voting formula, which gives the
power of veto to the five permanent
members of the council, the Big Five
have explained the operation of the
formula, defended the underlying prin-
ciple of big power unanimity, and de-
clared that the veto is far from being
a new instrument in international or
ganiZation. 1t set forth the fact that
a similar veto power operated in the
old League of Nations-only more so,
for in the old league council unanimity
OF all members was necessary for &C
ton. In the new organization the veto
can be used only by five Of the eleven
members. Further, it was explained
that five of the temperament mem
bers of the council-the lesser powers
by standing together in the council
could exercise veto power of their
own-since it requires seven votes of
the II members, with the five perma-
nent members concurring, to vote a
decision, except on "procedural' mat
ters.
1ue statement uStS as prOcedurap'
the right of the council to adopt or
alter its rules of procedure: organize
itself in such a way as to be able to
function continuously; select the times
and places, establish such agencies as
it deems necessary for the performance
OF its functions, and kindred activities.
The veto, however, will operate in a
decision on whether or not a matter
arising in the future. is procedural or
not. If the veto did not operate in
such cases, obviously. the veto power
itself might always be subject to at
tack in the council
In support of the veto power. the
statement says explicitly: IN view OF
primary responsibilities of the perma
nent members, they could not be ex-
pected, in the present condition of the
world, to assume the obligation to act
In SO serious a matter as the mainte-
nance Of international peace and Sc
curity in consequence of decision in
which they had not concurred."
That is the whole argument for the
veto power-an argument which has
not been successfully attacked by the
medium and smaller nations.
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Diet and Emperor

short time ago, as if seeking to
curry favor with Moscow, the Tokyo
radio broadcast comment praising
the strength of the Russian govern
ment and suggesting that what ia
pan needed was a leader as vigorous
and sure-handed as Marshal Stalinl
Coming directly on the heels of this,
we now have the Domei News Agency
significantly advocating an all-out
imperial dictatorship under which
the Diet. with its popularly elected
House of Representatives, would be
by-passed entirely.
Domei is officially controlled, and
so we may reasonably assume that
its proposal is officially inspired and
probably foreshadows some drastic
new political change. Under the
japanese constitution, DEGREES issued
by the Emperor must first have the
approval of the Diet before going
into effect. but if the Domei idea is
adopted, Hirohito will be able to pro-
claim anything at all and it will
Immediately become law without
further ado. In such dictatorship,
of course, the Intellectual Son of
Heaven would be merely acting as
front man for some one else-for
that strong leader referred to re-
Gently by the Tokyo radio.
1t is surprising however. that a
government mouthpiece like Domei
should think it necessary to elimi-
nate the Diet from the picture. Ever
since the war lords took over in
Japan, and particularly since the at
tack on Pearl Harbor, the Diet has
been nothing but a rubber stamp,
giving almost automatic approval to
every imperial action or cabinet re-
quest requiring its attention. Is it
possible that members of the House
OF Peers and the House of Represent
atives have been getting out of line?
Has the succession of disasters in
f1icted on japanese arms and on the
homeland cities stirred up legisla-
tive opposition to the course of the
militarists? Is there serious inter-
nal division between the popularity
elected branch of the government
and the powers behind the throne
who would fight on to the complete
destruction of the country?
The answers probably will unfold
themselves with the unfolding of
future events. but meanwhile the
Domei statement invites speculation.
Japan is so obviously in a bad way
that spectacular political changes
seem unavoidable It is not incon-
ceivable, in fact, that a shift to gov
ernment by imperial decree might
be move preliminary to surrender,
In which Hirohito would seek peace
Evening star., 1945-06-09
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO, June 9.-Russia's
acquiescence in the position of the
United States, Britain, China and
France on the discussions veto' issue,
which for time threatened to sink
the United Nations Conference has
demonstrated the ability of the big
powers to come to harmonious agree
ments. This is hopeful sign. 1t augurs
we'll for the ability of the Big Five,
who are to have a dominant place in
the new world organization to settle
their differences amicably in the future
which they must do If there is to be
peace in the world.
But that is not all 1t again has
demonstrated that Russia, which has
been regarded in some quarters as the
'irreconciliable" bad boy of the confer
ence, is willing to change its position
for the sake of harmony and the Gre
alton of the United Nations organiza-
ton. Cynically it has been remarked
that 1t is only necessary to be able to
say yes" in English and mo" in Rus
sian to be understood at this confer
ence. Russia has had her victories and
her defeats in the give and take of
framing the charter of the organiza-
eiOAi, oAiH& AldS gwen uO sigh WlldtSNcT
OF losing interest in the undertaking,
and certainly none of walking out on
its colleagues.
The Big Five now are showing a
united front once again on the voting
formula which is to govern in de-
cisions made by the all-important Sc
curity council The formula, agreed to
at Yalta has not been changed. What
has actually happened is that the United
States has won out in its Interpretation
of the formula-which was to the effect
that no one of the five big powers, per-
manent members of the council, has
the right by its veto to prevent the
presentation and discussion of any in
ternational dispute which threatens
peace. Russia took the position that the
veto could operate to prevent discus
sion of dispute. The American dele
CATION never would have agreed to the
Russian position. 1t was backed in its
attitude by the British, French and
Chinese. When this was fully explained
to Marshal Stain he gave the necessary
instructions to the Russian delegation
Evening star., 1945-06-09

OF Quebec. Such prophecies have
been confounded by last Mondays
results, which brought the Conser-
vatives back to absolute provincial
dominance with 66 seats - almost
three-fourths of the total. The big
gest loser was the CCF, which
dropped 20 seats, the Liberals losing
8. But the proportional losses were
almost identical. This means that
the voters of Ontario swung away
from both opposition parties and
pumped Conservative.
So pronounced political swing
must have more than local or Incl
dental causes. 1t will be interesting
to see how far they are duplicated in
the rest of Canada next week. In
cidentally. the Ontario result can
not fail to exert an important psy-
Geological effect upon the larger
outcome.
Evening star., 1945-06-09

views. We shall get nowhere with them,
But II we have a clear-cut policy. if
we present our views firmly and clearly,
II we demand from the Russians the
same respect for our principles and our
necessities as we are willing to show
for theirs, we shall be able to find salts
factory solutions for such differences
OF view point as may from time to time
exist.
This has proven to be the case in
every issue which has arisen in con-
nectlon with the San Francisco Con-
terence, and it will prove to be the
case IN the future, as we 60 ahead with
the operation of the new world or
ganlzatlon. The troublesome Polish
question will prove no exception to this
rule. solution will be found for it
which will be acceptable all around.
mat doesn't mean, of course, that
the perfect solution will be found. The
solution that has been found for the
voting procedure in the security coun-
Gil isn't perfect from many points of
view. But it Is workable, and it will be
accepted by the parties concerned as
basis OF agreement. That's the point.
Inere Is common objective, an OBJ
Jective which is just as much a Rus
sian objective as an American or q
British objective: That the world should
be made safe from the fear of war, so
that men and women may get back to
work and to the pursuit of happiness,
according to their respective lights.
That's what the Russians want, that's
what the Western peoples want. All of
us recognize that we can attain this
objective only by cooperative effort.
All of us recognize that useful, Coop
Grafton to this end must be based on
mutual confidence, understanding and
friendship, not only between heads of
states but between peoples.
This confidence, this understanding,
this friendship is not the creation of
an hour. or a week, or a year. It is
only to be built up bit by bit, over a
long period OF time, rising as it must
from the darkness Of old mistrusts. 1t
will require patience, honest dealing,
willingness to compromise on detail,
firmness in principle and appreciation
Of the other fellows difficulties-on both
sides. But it can be done, it will be
done. In fact, 1t Is being done.
tcopyrisht 1e4b.)
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Challenge to Librurions

Librarians IN towns and cities
throughout the United States are
preparing for the return of thou
sands of men and women who have
been in the armed services or in
wartime industry and soon will be
seeking library help in making
adjustment to civilian as distinct
from military patterns of life. The
demand already is manifest-and
being met But the full tide natu-
rally will not be flowing until victory
over Japan permits the release of
great numbers of Army and Navy
personnel. Then it is sure to rise
high. And there are signs that it
will continue for at least five or
six years.
The June number of the American
Library Association bulletin contains
two revealing articles on the prob
lem. One of them tells how the
post library at Camp Atterbury,
Indiana, is putting at the soldiers
fingertips all vocational, occupa-
tional and educational facilities;
the other reports on activities in
communities as widely separated as
Portland, Maine, and San Diego,
California. Inevitably, the books
wanted in the Lawson General Hos
pital, Atlanta, differ in character
from those requisitioned by the
Veterans Planning Committee in
Kansas City. A GI Joe in perfect
health, coming home with no ques-
ton about taking over his old job
as dairy farmer. merely desires to
read up" on some of the places he
visited overseas, while a comrade,
blinded in action and learning to
manage" without sight, asks for a
treatise on the art of musical COM
position in Braille.
So the librarians must be organ
lied and equipped for vast variety
of calls. The A. L. A. bulletin in
dicates that the work is moving
forward in line with discernible
expectations. BY way of illustration
of the attraction of the task, it
quotes Corinne Mead, librarian at
Winchester, Massachusetts, to the
effect that it probably will be one
of the greatest opportunities our
profession has had" since it became
a profession. The challenge to
writer's, to publishers, and, yes, to
readers of every class and condition
likewise is exciting to think about.
It's impact upon the cultural history
of America should be tremendous.
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Ontario Leans Riqht

Although Ontario differs in GER
tain respects from other parts of
Canada. the results of the provincial
elections held there on Monday
should logically reflect basic politi-
cal trends in the rest of the Domin-
ion and hence furnish some indica-
ton on the outcome of the general
elections for new Dominion Parlia-
ment slated for next week.
The outstanding feature of the
Ontario elections is the overwhelm-
ing triumph of the Progressive Con-
servatives, who are the traditional
Tories" of Canada, with the addi-
tional label, Progressive" recently
tackled onto the name. They repre-
sent the AngloSaxon, Protestant
stock which predominates in the
province, originally settled by-Loyal-
ist refugees from the American Rev.
olution and reinforced by Scottish,
North of Ireland and English strains
that have reinforced the strongly
British and empire sentiments of
the inhabitants. This accounts for
Ontario's political conservatism, as
contrasted with the clannish self
consciousness of French-speaking
Quebec on the one hand and the
radicalism of the Western prairie
provinces on the other.
Only once has Ontario's tradi-
tional conservatism been sharply
dented. That was in the previous
elections, when the Socia1istic move
ment known as the CCF Cooper
ative Commonwealth Federation)
swept out of the West to capture
81 seats in the Provincial Parlia-
ment. with the Liberals holding IS,
thereby reducing the Conservatives
to a precarious plurality hold of 38
seats out of 80 total.
This spectacular inroad of Western
radicalism led to many predictions
that Conservatism in Canada was
on its last legs and that the CCF
was on the way to political primacy
In the Dominion. at least outside
Evening star., 1945-06-09
WeCanG Get Along With REDS
By Maj. George Fieldina Eliot

Once more we see proof that the Rus
SLAMS want the San Francisco Confer
ence, and the world security organiza-
tion which that conference is organizing,
to succeed. They want this just as much
as we do. They are willing to make
sacrifices to attain that success as long
as they see that others are willing to be
reasonable, too.
That's the most important lesson we
have to learn from what has happened
about the voting formula.
We can get along with the Russians
Scarcely less important is the lesson
that the way to get along with the Rus
slams is not to give in to them the
moment they take a stand which is not
in accordance with our views.
They do have different approach to
some of the problems to be solved
from the approach that we would make
or the British. Their ideas are derived
from their experience, just as ours are
derived from our experience. Where
these differences appear there is gener-
ally plenty of room for compromise and
adjustment. But there are questions of
principle which cannot be compromised.
Inc RUSSIAN view LnaC any one OF Ine
Big Five should have the right to veto
the mere discussion of any given subject
by the security council was matter of
principle. If the American delegation or
the British delegation had yielded on
this point, public confidence in the whole
charter, the whole organization, would
have been undermined in both countries.
When this fact was made clear to
Marshal Stain by Mr.. Hopkins, Stain
yielded. In so doing, he showed a spirit
which we must all applaud: He wants
the conference to succeed, he is de-
termined that it shall succeed. He means
what he has so often said: That the
future of the world rests on the con-
fident cooperation Of the Soviet Union
with her great Allies, in war and in
peace.
The Russians have very definite views,
and they will try very hard to get their
views adopted-and who shall blame
them for that? But they are not un-
reasonable or uncompromising. They
will stand fast on what they regard
as matters of principle, essential to
their security and their position as the
equal of any other power on earth. If
we have no policy, If we are uncertain
and weak In our presentation Of our
Evening star., 1945-06-09
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Members of his own cabinet are re-
ported irked because he has jeopardized
a favorable situation by his personal
handling of the Syrian and Lebanese
affair and they feel that France has
lost face in the Middle East His po-
litical followers realize that it will take
long time for the French to regain
their prestige with the Arabs after the
French troops had to be escorted out OF
Damascus by the British.
The French people themselves are
uneasy about the whole mess. They are
chiefly interested in food, clothing and
fuel and, remembering the hardships of
the last winter. look with anxiety at the
next. They are aware that unless they
have full support from the United States,
their predicament will be even worse
than last year. The rank and file of the
people of France are more interested at
present in material things than in
prestige"
After having warned him that we will
not stand for any interference with the
lines of communication which connect
the former battle fronts with the ports
of embarkation, Washington is now de-
termined to place it's cards on the table
and demand full guarantees that certain
serious incidents which have occurred
within the last 10 days will not be
repeated.
1t is fully realized here that our
strong requests might precipitate po-
litical crisis in France which we had
hoped could be avoided.
There is no question of the American
Government not having had good deal
of patience and regard for the French
general. But until now he had COM
pletely disregarded all advances and the
good counsel received through Ambas-
sador jefferson Caffery. His attitude
reminds American diplomats of the days
when he was pounding the table while
Gen. Eisenhower or other American rep
resentatives attempted to discuss vital
matters during the North African cam
paign.
In the past the American and British
governments shut their eyes at Gen.
de Gaulle's outbursts. But now, when
there are questions involving our Sc
curity and the speeding up of the with
drawal of the American forces which
have liberated France the situation has
radically changed If our firm attitude
forces a political crisis in France the
responsibility will be Gen. de Gaulles
exclusively.
Evening star., 1945-06-09

A new crisis may develop soon between
the United States and France as re-
suit of Gen. de Gaulle's unfriendly atti-
tude toward this country and the diff
culties he is placing in our way in regard
to the return of our troops and war ma
terial
Ever since he precipitated the trouble
in the Levant and became determined
to force an issue involving the entire
Middle East, America and Great Brit
ain, from whom he derived his principal
support, have begun to cool toward him.
Instead of attempting to patch up
conflict In which he found little assist
ance from the members of his own cab
met and even less throughout France,
Gen. de Gaulle has been riding the high
horse.
After having rejected various proposals
presented to him by the Western Allies
which would have saved his face, he de-
cided to place so many difficulties in
the way of the American forces in
France that a new strained situation
has developed-this time directly be-
tween Washington and Paris.
X * X
In view of the difficulties confronting
can Government has been very lenient
with Gen. de Gaulle and has attempted
to settle the new and unexpected i'm
passe amicably.
But, to the great surprise of the Amer
ican diplomats, the French leader has
adopted in this new dispute the same
Il don't care what you do" attitude as
he has shown in the Levant controversy
Perhaps relying on moral support
from Moscow, he showed himself in
creasingly lacking in cooperation. The
result has been that the United States
Government is now placed in position
whereby 1t may be compelled to act
drastically, regardless of the conse-
quences.
In order to avoid final showdown,
which can be harmful only to him, Gen.
de Gaulle has been warned that the
Big Three will not split on the question
of France. Word of the difficulties we
are now experiencing in France is said
to have been communicated to Premier
Stain by Harry Hopkins, and accord
ing to available information, the Rus
sian Premier is not prepared to support
the French leader in any way
The British, who in the past had been
Gen. de Gaulle's mainstay and were his
strongest advocates in Washington, are
equally fed up with his antics and have
lost all interest in his remaining as head
OF the French government.
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Wants DR.. Owen to Stay
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
You may be interested in the follow
ing action taken by the Executive Com
mittee of the D. c. Congress Of Parents
and Teachers at its meeting June 5:
THE Executive Committee of the
D. c. Congress of Parents and Teachers
regrets the resignation of Dr. John F..
Owen, director of the Mental Hygiene
Bureau. 1t is deplorable that adequate
Office space was not supplied him. This
body requests that proper facilities be
made available Immediately and urges
that he be asked to reconsider"
This action has been sent in the
form of telegram to the Commissioners
and DR.. Rutland. and by letter to Sen
ator Theodore F. Bilbo and Repre-
sentative Jennings Randolph.
FLORENCE v. WATKINS,
President.
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Food VS.. LIQUOR
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
I see that the Government is to allow
the distillers to have another holiday"
again in July, and that the prohibition
Of imported cane for alcohol will be
lifted July /. Why?
We civilians must take another cut
Of so per cent in sugar.
Can some one explain the expediency
for liquor making at time in our his
tory when we need strong bodies and
alert mentality, not the obtuse, stupid
mind of a drinking public? just how
much sugar and grain do the distillers
need for this purpose? If cocktailing
must be done, why not wait until the
war is over and the acute shortage Of
sugar and grain are not needed to feed
the starving people Of the world?
M. B. H.
Evening star., 1945-06-09
Lament for Lidice
June 8, 1912

June 8, 1912
ANNIVERSARY of the Murder of Lidice)
Weep softly for that halloped ground
Which knot0s
No happy ctildrens' running feet; 10
tread
OF men returning Only the dead
DtDeH there beneath the scarlet poppy
rotDs
And rhythmic golden pheat. For no
tree grotDs:;
No stone remains. For there monster
fed, !
And there the blood OF innocents scas
Here, once stood Lidice," placcrd
shotDs.
Sacred for all the centuries to be,
TDo small io1,ite crosses, mounds OF
earth kept st1eet
With fo,Ders phich some loOfn1
pilgrim brings.
No ,Don,un's laugh: no Hping soul to see.
Only the blood-red poppies and the
Shed tears tDith me, remembering
these thingsl
EVA GRANT MARSHALL.