davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-01
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

Italy, France. Holland. Belgium, Spain
or the Eastern countries, Mr.. Churchill's S
claim that this was mot an theological
war stands confounded and the dis
corning mind can observe in the re-
sistance movements of all coun-
tries, where dynamic social forces are
at work, twin movements, and twin
yearnings-the yearning for freedom,
and for an integrated and planned use
of resources and manpower-some form
of socialism. If motto were to be
written on all the banners of dynamic
Europe 1t would be: Socialism and
Liberty. OF this, after three months
in Europe-from Prague to Paris--I
have not doubt whatsoever.
The influence of the Soviet Union on
European dynamics has arisen from
Soviet socialism. The reyulsions it has
encountered have been because 1t is
socialism without historic European and
American freedoms.
There are those-Mr. Churchill is one
who believe that socialism and civil
liberty are incompatible. 1t is foolish
to dismiss that notion as nonsensicai.
There is as yet little proof to the con-
trary. But II they are incompatible,
then the European dilemma cannot be
solved in any synthesis; freedom or
socialism must perish, and I do not
think it will be socialism.
Now, If there is any country on earth
where socialism and civil freedoms
might be synthesized into a civilized
social and political order, 1t is Great
Britain. Nowhere is there a less CO.
creed community patriotism. Nowhere
is there a greater instinct for and
jealousy of liberty. Nowhere is there
a deeper aversion to violence. Nowhere
is there wider or more tolerant world
outlook. And nowhere is there more
courage.
The economic problems and the social
problems growing out of them will be
greater in postwar Britain than in any
other country. The new government in
Britain begins under terrible burdens,
which viii take not only good will, but
extraordinary intelligence to meet. But
if it meets them; if it can establish an
integrated economic and social order for
the general welfare while preserving
the blessings of liberty for itself and
for posterity. Britain will again be the
banner-leader. for Europe ard the
world
Evening star., 1945-08-01
The Universities
From the Manchester Guardian.


1t is sometimes suggested that every
increase in the population of universities
must involve decline in the level Of
attainment among students and in the
quality of academic work If that view
were correct academic standards in
Great Britain would have fallen pre-
cipitately since the sixties of last CEN
tury. In fact they have risen. Access
to university education is determined by
a number of different factors, of which
the capacity to profit by it--itself a con-
ception not free from ambiguity-is at
present the only one. In such circum-
stances there is no reason to suppose
that the figure for 1939-a figure. it may
be remarked, much lower for England
than for Scotland-was in any sense the
optimum. 1t is important that the size
of the university population should be
based on some Ineligible view of the
national requirements 1t is to be hoped
that, when university policy Is under dis
cussion, that aspect of the subject will
receive due attention.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Churqes Denied

Brigadier General Elliott RooSe-
velt'S strongly-worded denial of
charges that his father assisted him
in borrowing large sums of money
which were not repaid in full will
be received with qualification by
those who had been disturbed by
his continued silence in the face
of accusations which involve not
only his own reputation but the
good name of the late President.
General Roosevelt attributes his
delay in answering the charges to
restraints imposed by the fact that
he was an officer in the Army. Now
that his request for retirement has
been approved, however, he feels
free to speak out.
He assumes full responsibility for
his business transactions and brands
as deliberate, Infamous lie" any
statement that his father promoted
or assisted my personal business
affairs" Furthermore, he denies
any unwillingness to cooperate with
Government officials investigating
his business transactions, particu-
larly with respect to possible tax
liability, and says that not only will
the results of this investigation
speak for themselves" but that he
hopes all of the facts, without
reservation, will be made public at
the earliest possible moment.
There are two facts, or alleged
facts, which, while covered perhaps
by implication in his statement, are
not dealt with specifically. One is
the charge that General Roosevelt
arranged a telephone conversion be-
tween his father and man from
whom he was borrowing 100000 in
order to assure the lender that the
transaction would not embarraSS the
President. The other concerns the
alleged settlement of this loan for
$4,000 by Jesse Jones, then Secretary
of Commerce, and the question of
who arranged for this adjustment.
These points should be cleared up
in any future statement which may
be made.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Good News for Taxpayers

~N~''S Aoi oAPuySIS
To the Editor of The Star:
It's nice to read once in a while in
your wonderful paper something that
may soon be good news for the tax
payer.
I appreciated the comments of one of
The Star readers in his letter few days
ago about the large number of Congress-
men who were getting ready for a trip
to European countries at the public
expense.
Also in The Star of the day following
read with pleasure that the joyriding
has been put an end to as far as using
Government planes and taxpayers
money and that the Congressman must
pay their own expenses.
1t likewise is good news for the tax
payer that Senator Byrd is busy getting
the Federal agencies to reduce the
number of employees by the hundreds of
thousands.
And to top it of, I enjoy the comments
of Rufus Lusk saying that several of
our Allies still are using quite number
Of local buildings for their war mission
work. These buildings are mostly apart
ments and they will take care of large
numbers of citizens looking for living
quarters. A TAXPAYER.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
This Changing World
By Constantine BrotOn

Representatives of the new Polish
government are reported to have been
ION hand" at Potsdam during the Big
Three negotiations.
But while the world is anxiously
awaiting whatever information the Big
Three will decide to give out, it is known
that the Polish representatives have OBJ
tanned the approval of lines for their
western frontiers and have also asked
President Truman for some substantial
assistance for their needy peoples in
the shape of direct loans and millions Of
dollars worth of materials.
In the meantime, however, the dis
cussions are being carried out regard
ing loans given to the Polish govern
ment in exile which the new Warsaw
government does not wish to recognize.
While these matters have been dis
cussed at Potsdam, the State Depart
ment is somewhat amazed and humil-
lated because the Polish government
has not given any indication 1t plans
to send an ambassador to the United
States, although this country started
it's representatives, Ambassador Arthur
Bliss Lane, toward Warsaw several
hours before President Truman made
public the recognition of the new Polish
government.
Mr.. Lane arrived in Paris on July 6
only to find that he could not get clear
ance for his own plane and the three
other transports which were to carry
IS tons of food and other necessities
to the American Embassy in Warsaw.
He has now left Paris wondering why
the first ambassador to the new Polish
government had so much difficulty
The unofficial explanation was that
all the Polish airfields were still under
joint Russian and Polish control and
the clearance for the landing Of foreign
planes must be obtained from joint
headquarters. This involved good deal
of red tape, which may have accounted
for the delay.
But what grieves the State Depart
ment more than Mr.. Lanes enforced
holiday in Paris is the fact that the
Polish government has not even SUBJ.
mitted the name of a new ambassador
to Washington.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
White Herons

Pensiue and distant in the leocI light of
evening sun,
Necks craned aboDe the pale gold.
green marsh grass,
They stand aloot, detached, as corpeu
GlabaSter birds,
As still as creatures In q silent land.
scGpe under glass.
Notn iDhile the light changes on far
fantastic trees,
While the upper ranges OF clouds fade
& to smoky rose,
The birds still poise In piolet mist OF
dusk,
Waiting for the days ending, ,pings
folded in repoSe.
But at the moment, Uhdtever the foot.
jail, t0Fat sound,
Something stdrtles them to sudden
terror OF flight.
And they rise silently on slim angular
aDings,
Suspended as In a dream bet,peen
sundotDn and night.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-08-01

The time-honored custom between
nations which exchange ambassadors is
that as soon as diplomatic relations are
established and one country sends its
representative to another, the latter
either sends its own representative i'm
mediately or at least submits the name
of the ambassador designate and asks
for the usual agreement"
In some diplomatic quarters it Is be-
heyed that the new Polish government
has not yet made up its mind about
whom and when to send an ambassador
to Washington, but expects to do SO as
soon as the financial matters presented
to President Truman have been settled.
The Poles are said to expect not only
financial and economic support from this
country but also wish great hberaliza-
ton Of UNRRA supplies which are not
reaching Poland in the desired guam
titles.
Herbert H. Lehman, UNRRA director,
has attempted to live up to all the pro-
visions Of the agreement as ratified by
Congress.
One of the clauses of the UNRRA
agreement provides that there shall be
no political or racial discrimination in
the distribution of these essential sup
plies. In order to live up to this pro-
vision, which was inserted by Congress
to. avoid political pressure through
American goods, he has endeavored to
place in charge of the stats those per-
sons who are politically neutral" and
have no political axes to grind.
Both Poland and Yugoslavia refused
to accept the American and British citi-
zens suggested by Mr. Lehman as heads
of distribution. The result was that the
administrator was compelled to yield and
he placed Russians in key positions.
Diplomatic observers believe that soon
after the Potsdam Conference the Polish
government will find it necessary to be
represented in the United States
Trained men will be needed to take up
with the American authorities the va
rious financial and economic questions
and an ambassador, accompanied by an
adequate staff, will come to Washington
Thus the diplomatic slap" which high
officials feel that this country has re-
ceived from Warsaw will be forgotten
Evening star., 1945-08-01

a pattern of events which seems to lead
up to such development quite logical
ly. Last Thursday, a proclamation call
ing on the japanese for immediate sur
render, and spelling out to some extent
what SURRENDER would mean and would
not mean, was issued at Potsdam in the
name of President Truman. Prime Min
lister Churchill and President Chang
Kai-chek (who gave his approval from
Chungking). This proclamation, it
should be noted, was issued in the very
presence of the Russian chief of state,
and at time which would enable any
Japanese official reaction to be taken
into account before the end of the
Potsdam Conference. The japanese
have officially rejected this demand,
made by the three principal powers now
at war with them. They have gone
farther: In their propaganda, they have
described the fact that the proclama-
tion was not signed by Marshal Stain
as a diplomatic defeat for President
Truman. and tried to bolster the waver-
ing spirits of their people with tales of
how the Americans went to Berlin to
seek Russian help and were refused.
~
But the wording of the proclama-
ton and the circumstances under which
it was issued suggested very strongly
that it was in fact only the first move
in calculated major operation of
psychological warfare, designed to
bring about the collapse of Japanese
morale; an operation undertaken with
full Russian concurrence and indeed
participation.
For example, the proclamation spoke
of the determination of "an the Allied
nations" to bring the Japanese war to
an end, and it warned the japanese
that the forces converging upon Japan
were much greater than those which
had brought about the destruction of
Germany-in which the Russians GER
tainly bore major share. The issuance
of the proclamation was followed by the
announcement of a list of Japanese
cities to be destroyed in the immediate
future, and by attacks faithfully pro-
ceeding to carry out the stated opera
tions.
MIR. Churchill, returning from Pots
dam to London to lay down the bur-
dens of office, was able to say in doing
so that it was quite possible that the
Japanese war would end much sooner
than we have previously been entitled
to expect"
Will the long-awaited announcement
from Potsdam be the next move In this
series of assaults on the psychological
citadel of the Japanese will to resist?
tcopyright. 1o45J
Evening star., 1945-08-01

American editorials since the British
elections have emphasized that the re-
pudiation of Churchill and the British
Conservatives will in no way change
foreign policy. Mr.. Attlee has promised
loyal prosecution of the war against
Japan, cooperation among the Big
Three, and support of the San Francisco
Charter. But it Is superficial to con-
clude that the startling change in
Britain will not profoundly affect the
world especially Europe, and whatever
affects the world affects foreign policy.
Even a change in personalities affects it.
and how much more, a revamping of
ideas.
The forthcoming elections in France
and perhaps Italy, and ordinations from
Holland to Denmark and Spain will be
tremendously influenced by Britain's
vote.
Great Britain, in 1929, became the
sword and rallying point of the world
battle for liberty. Churchill's "embattled
little island" exercised, all alone for
full year after the fall of France, a
moral and intellectual leadership and
force out of all proportion to her actual
pOWcI. LlIeu up dS IL were, On d CTOSS
of infinite danger, she drew all free
men unto herself. Poles broke inIern-
ment camps, Czechs escaped from the
Gestapo, De Gaulle's forces evaded the
hand of Vichy, Dutch and Norwegian
seamen came over with their ships,
Jugoslavs and Greeks revolted, Amer
leans overrode conventional concepts OF
neutrality with lease-lend and democ-
racy's arsenal. That was the power of
ChurchillS England, land of hope and
glory, mother of the free"
*
Yet the origins of this war must be
traced to fundamental social factors
that were causing internal explosions
everywhere, and which finally broke
loose from Germany. For 20 years eco
nomic crisis followed economic crisis,
each one exacerbating social tensions.
The rise of Hitler is more demon
strably traceable to series of economic
and social crises than to recrudescence
of "Prussian militarism." His leading
followers were desperate unemployed
youth and ruined middle classes, and 1t
was as way out of an insoluble eco
nomic dilemma that he went to war.
The defeat of the German armies
has not solved the socio-political prob
lens of Europe. Wherever one looks, in
Evening star., 1945-08-01
French Political Tension

A mounting volume of acrimonious
debate indicates the difficulty which
France is experiencing in achieving
a stable reconstruction of its shat
tered political life.
The first point for the foreign
observer to understand is that the
present political setup is emphati-
cally provisional" in the sense that
it has no real continuity with the
Third Republic which collapsed in
1910 and of course no connection
whatever with the Vichy regime
headed by Marshal Petain. now on
trial for treason. General de Gaulle
and the Conservative Assembly are
alike spontaneous phenomena, en-
gendered by the resistance movement
against both German domination
and Vichy collaboration" This state
of affairs profoundly affronts the
French yearning for legality and
renders necessary the emergence of
a political status which will be gen.
orally recognized as constitutional.
However, French public opinion is by
no means united as to the method
by which this political goal should
be attained.
Although a simple restoration of
the Third Republic has been advo-
Gated in some quarters. this seems
to be impracticable, not merely be-
cause it is morally discredited by
the debacle of 1910 but also because
the technically valid transfer of
power to Vichy at that time puts
fatal flaw on its title to Legitimacy"
in most French eyes. The alterna-
tive is therefore the creation of a
Constituent Assembly" by a gen.
eral election to be held in October.
However. this does not solve the
immediate political problem. be-
cause the question at once arises
what the powers of this assembly
are to be. General de Gaulle has
advocated giving the voters chance
to decide whether the assembly shall
confine itself to the framing of a
new constitution or whether it shall
have legislative power as we'll dur
Ing its existence. including control
over the provisional executive. The
Consultative Assembly has disap-
proved of De Gaulle's proposal and
favors by an overwhelming majority
the election of a constituent assem-
bly, with legislative powers. To
this De Gaulle retortS that a con-
stituent assembly with legislative
authority would be essentially a
restoration of the old Chamber of
Deputies without its legislative foil.
the Senate, and that it might ar
rogate to itself powers which would
perpetuate the governmental weak
ness of the Third Republic. To this,
IN turn. the present assembly re-
torts by raising the bogy of execu-
tive dictatorship on the Bonapartist
pattern. And so the tension persists.
or course, the Consultative As
Sembly has no legal power to impose
its will on De Gaulle. But neither
has'De Gaulle the legal authority to
impose his plan, since both are,
strictly speaking, unconstitutional
or rather. unconstitutional The
one thing that emerges from all this
contention is that any method
adopted should satisfy the French
desire for legality and appear
Legitimate" in the public eye.
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Drive on Chiselers

III WOulO De uluCll wv llOPCAuA w
expect that the Governments pro-
jected new offensive against black
marketeers and tax dodgers Will
wipe out the double evil, but there
is good reason to believe that
great deal can be accomplished IN
keeping the situation from getting
any worse. At very least the effort
should check the spreading corrup-
. ton. and perhaps even reduce 1t
appreciably.
AS explained by Attorney General
Clark, the drive is to be the biggest
and most carefully co-ordinated of
its kind yet undertaken in this
country. The Office of Price Admin
istration and the Treasury and Agri-
culture Departments are to work
as a unit under the overall direc-
ton of the Justice Department, with
United States attorneys in all parts
of the country instructed to give
priority to black market cases to
insure prompt and vigorous prose-
cution."
simultaneously, according to Mr..
Clark, since it has been found that
the black marketeer and the tax
dodger are often one and the same
person. the Justice Department
plans to speed up action on tax eva
sion cases presented to it by the
Treasury. AS former Secretary Nor
genthau has made clear, there are
a shocking number of such cases,
and they should be prosecuted to
the hilt-a thing which Secretary
Vinson, Mr.. Morgenthau's successor,
is determined to have done. In not
a few instances this promises to kill
two birds with one stone. because
the evidence is strong that many
individuals and firms nave cheated
on taxes to cover up their guilt as
black market operators.
AS far as the black market is con-
cerned, of course. 1t will continue to
exist as long as the buying public
not least of all the harried house.
wife - continues to patronize the
chiSelers who run it. But the Attor-
ney General makes a sound point
when he declares that vigorous at
tack upon the problem. with full
publicity given cases brought to
trial, should be of considerable help
in awakening many Americans to
their duties as good and patriotic
citizens not to be tolerant. of the evil
but to cooperate in the effort to
cut it out.
To be tolerant of the black market
or to be less than watchful against
tax lodging is to be not only neglect
full of the obligations of citizenship
but also self-victimizing. The buyer
hurts the country as whole and
lets himself be fleeced when he buys
outside the law. Similarly, the coun-
try is robbed and the honest tax
payer additionally burdened when
any man cheats on his taxes. In
the Attorney Generals words,
Grimes of this sort are serious at
any time. but in time of war. when
all the resources of the Nation are
pledged to a common end and the
people as a whole are making every
Evening star., 1945-08-01
Another Record Smashed!

1t Is alarming to picture what
might have happened had July'S
weather been suffered in vain and
had we lost, on mere technicality,
the honor of breaking the rainfall
record of 1886. One can hear the
hoarSe shouts of "We wuz robbed"
as mildewed mobs of angry citizens
waded toward the National Airport,
to demand that the weatherman,
who makes the official measure
mentS, drink his words. Yet, up until
a few hours before the end of July
the balance hung in doubt. We, of
Washington, soaked and glum, knew
we had smashed the record. Yet at
the airport, where the official meas
urements are made and which under
pending legislation is outside of the
District of Columbia, 1t was not
raining. Fortunately for the weather.
man, the rains came at the airport,
too, and the record was broken in
the nick of time. Yet the circum-
stances are such as to make men
pause, and even to ponder. Is there
any justice. in permitting our
weather records to be measured
outside the District of Columbia? Is
our pride forever to be Knocked by
airport recordings which short
change us? The morale of whole
city is injured when we find that
the weatherman at the airport has
measured a mere 90 maximum tenn
perature for Washington when
everybody knows it scratched 100.
Yet things like that are common
occurrences. AS people we should
protest the practice of leaving the
measurement of our own weather to
alien hands at the airport. Some
thing should be done. There ought
to be law. Are we men or are we
mice?
Evening star., 1945-08-01

To the Editor OF The Star:
In astonishment read the heading
OF The Star Britain Gusts Churchill's s
Government" What an advertisement
for labor party's show of apprecia-
ton for the great figure in English his
tory who has saved England from ac-
tual invasion by the German Army!
Suppose Americans had failed to elect
George Washington to second term
after what he went through for his
country?
The labor parties of both England and
America have not exhibited any great
amount of patriotism, as a whole, dur
ing this war, when material vital for
the war effort was sorely needed. Think
OF any group Of organized labor that
will call strike during wartime!
Organized labor is despotic and ty-
rannical and it is a pity that England
is to be ruled by such a group. When
such great figures as Churchill are
Shown such lack of appreciation, it is
a very poor advertisement for the coun-
try at large that group of such char
acters are in control.
I, for one, although I am of English
ancestry, am ashamed of England for
such lack Of appreciation for one of
the greatest figures in her history!
England should be ruled by statesmen.
not by labor party.
Any one who reads the papers well
knows what the labor organizations of
this country did during this war. 1t
would be bad day for this country,
If we allowed such men as John L. Lewis
and his gang ever to get control of the
Government.
1t takes men of great intelligence and
craftsmanship to carry on the work Of
a great government, and such are not
to be found in any labor party.
H. B. BRADFORD.
Evening star., 1945-08-01

What is worthy OF commentin the
Amsterdam story is the fact that the
war has had the effect of bringing
to light considerable number of
paintings not previously known. A
supposed Vermeer was reported re-
Gently. There is nothing incredible
about a fifth shower of gold inter-
pretation,