davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-06-01

currencies keyed to the mark and goods
and labor moved where needed, regard
less of frontiers, always bearing in mind
the priority claim on everything by the
German Reich.
Today Europe, theoretically, is re-
dividing into its traditional states, but
actually it is being governed in army
corps areas, which by no means always
correspond to national frontiers. The
manpower of the continent is in prison
camps or is on the roads, moving like
gypsies, north east, south and west, in
an effort to get home. Military govern
ments, each concerned with keeping Or
der and preventing starvation in their
own districts, are drawing on each other
for food, according to their existing
stocks and German ALLEGATIONS, but this
soon becomes mere process of robbing
Peter to pay Paul, since the present
stocks are not inexhaustible.
-
There is also still considerable ma
rauding in Slovakia by Russian, Hun
garian and Romanian soldiers who
fought on the side of the Germans and
who now fear to enter Russian com
trolled territory. Wherever possible, they
escape and, without ration cards, live
by holding up the peasants, an act also
participated In by returning slave work.
ers. Confusion is further confounded by
the fact that there is no integrated eco
nomic policy for Europe among the
four occupying powers. Russian-occu-
pied countries are "no-mans land"
for the others, yet these countries are
Europe's normal granary Most of Eu-
nv, Sln ~, Fa1I Sc
gary, Romania and Yugoslavia while
Germany fed on the wheat, rye and
potatoes of the German eastern prov
inces. What we hear of the hasty land
reforms carried through there and in
Poland, Hungary and Romania-with
civil war in Yugoslavia, and food con-
ditions bad in Russia itself-augurs i'll
for supplies from Eastern Europe, while
wheat from overseas will be held up
due to shipping shortages until the
JaDaneSe war is ended
Evening star., 1945-06-01
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

ROME.-What I have been trying to
get in Europe is some picture OF the
probable shape of things to come. So
far my investigation has been confined
chiefly to the Near East, Italy and Aus
tria, added to what information is avail
able or creditable from the countries of
Eastern Europe occupied by the Russians.
Dominating everything are the purely
material problems arising on continent
devastated as no continent ever has been
before in the course of human history.
Europe, from the British Channel to
Moscow, is shambles. The course of
fighting by our armies up through Italy
has left devastation which must be seen
to be believed. 1t not only has hit the
cities, but every village in its path. And
it has struck down farmers in the fields.
During the last fortnight peasants have
been killed by mines which exploded as
they went through their plowing. In
many Italian villages the whole popula-
ton is living in caves because not a
building remains with a roof intact.
Flying over this part Of Europe from
Rome to the German borders one is I'm
pressed and moved by the terrihcally
stubborn will to live on the part Of the
peasants. From the air italy looks like
a vast garden. Every mountainside is
terraced to the forest or snowline; every
plain is particolored pattern Of rotat-
ing fields. Despite the war, devastation,
liberation and occupation, the vines are
tended, fruit trees are pruned, wheat is
bound into sheaves and the basic
industries are pursued with stubborn
devotion under all handicaps. The same
Is true in Austria.
Yet another winter will come, and no
one can forecast the miracle that will
save this continent from freezing and
hunger. For industry the crying need
will be transportation Of coal. For all
countries bread will be an object for
prayer. Nazi conquests and occupations
have turned all Europe into a single
planned economy. 1t was, in fact, a
totalitarian state Of factories, farms.
TRANSFORMATION lines and labor with all
Evening star., 1945-06-01
Farm Wife,

She spades the earth and plants assorted
seeds
And counts the fruit jars on her cellar
shelf,
Still unaDdre that hunger somehow
needs
More than the harpest to appease
itself.
She hangs small undergarments on the
line
And notes place to patch. button
gone,
And yet she 1euer sees the quaint design
OF shado,os that they canjure on the
ldlDn.
night,
Inspired the pump to food the yard,
nor sees
The bits of cloud and sun qnd birds in
flight
Mirrored among reflections of the
trees.
The cross of work she bears is not her
choice
Her poets ego neper had poice.
COSETTE MIDDLETON.
Evening star., 1945-06-01
With Ideas
Bv Mai, Georee Fieldine Eliot

ately after the final terms of the San
Francisco Charter have been announced
will be time of special danger. Many
of us who have been unduly worried over
the overemphasis that has been placed
on the various disagreements at San
Francisco will have tendency to relax.
That feeling will provide the very op-
portunity for which those who hate this
charter or any charter, those who are
the determined enemies of any sort of
international cooperation, those who
are blindly resolved that the United
States shall go her way alone, are waiting
for. They have been right here all the
time, these people. You know who they
are; We all know who they are. They
haven't, curiously enough, been doing
much opposing and disrupting at San
Francisco, simply because they haven't
had anything to oppose or to disrupt
They've been doing certain amount Of
sneering and cavilling, but nothing very
serious. Why? Because they haven't had
anything definite to attack except a
series Of general ideas.
X 4
When the charter is finally agreed on
and its wording made public all this
will change in an instant. The fiercest
sort o. attacks will be directed, not at
selected parts of it. The same strategy
will be employed that was employed to
destroy the Covenant of the League of
Nations in the United States Senate and
in the court of American public opinion
the strategy of taking it apart piece
by piece, one piece at time.
MO mill oil hoyo IN III
Of us who are determined that this time
there is not going to be any failure, and
that's most of us-that the big fight is
still to come. Well have to remember
that this charter, when it is turned out
at San Francisco, will be document on
which the representatives Of 40 nations
every phrase, almost every word has been
wrangled over, discussed and argued
about until agreement was finally, and
in some cases painfully, reached, and
that in consequence it can't be amended
to meet the whims of Senator Whooziz
or the susceptibilities of Senator What
zizname.
It has to be taken as a whole or re-
jected as whole. It's enemies know
this very WELL They will not fight to
beat 1t in the Senate because they
haven't the votes to do that and they
know it. They will fight for some par
tfcular amendment which they will know
will not be acceptable to some of the
other signatories, and thus hope to dis
rupt the whole business.
That's the next battle we've got to
hight, folks, if we are going to keep faith
with the kids who've died to make this
world secure for us.
(Copyrighh le4B)
Evening star., 1945-06-01

prevent his Intervention on behalf of
his kinsmen.
The rebellion Of the Arabs in Algeria,
where lease-lend planes have intervened
and about 10000 Arabs in the Constan-
tine area have been killed by lombard
ments and straflngs, is considered by
the American and British governments
as a part Of the whole situation which
Gen. de Gaulle has chosen to provoke
in the last few weeks. There have been
no protests against these French opera
tions because they are taking place in
an area which is recognized as q part of
France and any outside intervention
would be considered as interference in
French affairs.
According to latest reports from Paris,
Gen. de Gaulle does not have the sup
port Of many of his cabinet officers nor
of the population in this new and un-
expected venture in the realm of power
politics.
Foreign Minister Georges Bidault on
Wednesday offered his resignation be-
cause, after his conversation with Presi-
dent Truman, he became convinced that
the United States strongly disapproved
OF Gen. de Gaulle's actions. Former
Premiers Edouard Herriot and Leon
Blum, who were approached by Gen. de
Gaulle with offers to accept the foreign
affairs portfolio, refused and Bidault
consented to remain in the cabinet tenn
porarily. However, he Is powerless, since
he Is considered by his chief as a mere
rubber stamp"
The policies Of France are determined
by small group which Is personally
devoted to Gen. de Gaulle. The methods
OF these followers and yes men" are
those adopted in any other police state. "
They desire to fan an antiforeign and
particularly anti-British feeling in order
to show that Gen. de Gaulle is being
handicapped in his policies for very
great France by the jealous "capitalistic
powers"
In the meantime the action of Gen
de Gaulle is likely to weaken the argu-
ments of the Big Five at San Francisco
in regard to the veto power of the
council. If the present crisis had broken
out after the world security organiza-
ton had been fully established and con-
firmed by the respective parliaments
France would have been able to veto any
attempt Of the other powers to rescue
the independence of two member ma
ticnS,
Evening star., 1945-06-01

cedures now going forward in
Britain. The present Parliament
was convened in 1885 and is dis
solved as Of June 49, Meanwhile,
new generation of British men and
women is being educated" to vote
to sustain or to replace Prime Min
lister Churchill. What in the cir
cumstances is important for most
Americans to appreciate is this:
That the election coming up" will
serve not merely to choose national
leaders but to confirm in practice
the essential philosophy and ma
chinery of British freedom, law and
order
Evening star., 1945-06-01

The war with Germany is over-that
is, what the bright boys used to call the
shooting war. The shooting war with
Japan isn't over, but it will be over
some day. The war with the ideas that
Germany and Japan fought for and tried
to impose on the rest of us will never
be ended.
AS long as greed, hatred and the lust
for power continue to exist in human
hearts those ideas will take form in hu-
man minds. If the sober, intelligent
majority of mankind can find a means
to restrain the translation Of those ideas
into the field Of action, we shall have a
reasonably decent world for most of us
to live in. But we will have to keep
working on the job all the time. There
can't be any relaxation.
Take this San Francisco Conference,
for example. 1t is going all right-as
we'll as could be expected. There are
difficulties, Of course, but they are being
overcome, one by one, because the men
who went to San Francisco went there
in the full realization that there would
be difficulties and were prepared to over
come them.
They went as soldiers 60 to war
there's the job. boys; it won't be easy,
but We'll do #. They will do it. We
shall have a charter of the United Ma
tions 1t won't satisfy everybody, but
it will be charter on which the repre-
sentatives of 40 nations have agreed,
and that In itself will be a great accom-
plishment.
What happens after that? The char
ter will be announced. The conference
win wind up in blaze Of oratory, with
the benediction pronounced by the Pres
ident Of the United States. Many OF us
will be tempted to say fine, fine, that's
done, and the future OF mankind Is all
taken care Of because we have engrossed
these beautiful words on fine, cracking
piece Of parchment and attached to
/. them ever 50 many sprawling signatures
and pretty seals with little ribbons un-
derneath. There1l be pictures Of the
signatures and seals in all the papers,
and they viii look very impressive.
remember another set Of signatures
and seals which were printed in the pa
pers few years ago-signatures and
seals representing most Of the countries
which are at San Francisco, and some
which are not, such as Germany and
Italy and Japan. Those signatures were
also on document which was supposed
to end war forever. It was called the
Kellogg BRAND pact. Remember?
. But nobody backed it up. Nobody
stuck with it--or at least not enough OF
us. So it became, in few years, just
one of those things--forgotten, neglected
a laughing stock for the cynical, even a
trap for the unwary or the naive.
have an idea that the days immedi
Evening star., 1945-06-01
Letters to The Star
A Soldiers Wife Discusses
Her Sisters Complaints

To the Editor Of The Star:
am sure that Mrs. Helen Rau's ar
tcle on commissary buying in The Star
OF May % must have been applauded by
many housewives of civilian and serv-
ice families, but many women wf1o.are
entitled to the commissary service ap-
parently were indignant at her report,
and I have observed that some have
responded to it. Their indignation seems
akin to the jealous guarding of the spe-
cial rights OF privileged class.
The nature Of these responses, and
the attitude of many service wives who
feel that they are entitled to privileges
merely by virtue of their husbands being
IN uniforms, are indications, believe,
of definite weakness and lack of char
acter. This Is strong indictment
against group Of Americans who could
be a powerful influence in building
morale and in generally strengthening
the home front.
Isn't every one a little tired of the
serviceman's wife who says, II have
given my husband and I feel I have
done my share? In the first place, we
haven't given our husbands in any
sense OF the word, and we know 1t.
They went into the armed services
either OF their own volition or they were
drafted, and in neither case was the
wife the controlling factor.
Does that then entitle a woman to
special shopping privileges, exempt her
from giving blood, or working a day
or two week In one Of the MANY
volunteer programs so urgently in need
OF workers? Many Of the service wives
seem to feel that 1t does, and civilians
and service personnel have every right
to be thoroughly unsympathetic and out
OF patience with this attitude.
Perhaps the service wives should be
reminded that they are the recipients
OF many privileges such as free medical
care and tax exemptions. These, how
ever, we might mention in passing, are
enjoyed by all branches of the service
while in this community, the commissary
service Is available only to Army fam
lilies and a very limited number from
'Aie 1>oFy dliu lAle MdilIlc NOTpS.
This letter is not written from the
civilian viewpoint which often justi-
fiably is rather bitter and envious OF
the so-called privileges of the service
men and their families. 1t comes from
the wife of serviceman who has been
overseas for well over year, and it is
plea to other service wives to stor
complaining and feeling sorry for them
selves-there are too many of us in the
same situation to waste time on self
pity-and to suggest that they give more
OF their time and energy to activities
contributing directly to the war effort
Can't we hear less about giving our
husbands" and give a little bit of our
selves? MRS r
Evening star., 1945-06-01
This Changing World
BY Consfauffne Brown

The conflict between the French and
the independent Arab republics Of
Syria and Lebanon has assumed major
proportions which can have serious re-
percuSSions on the peace of the world,
the stability of the French regime in
Paris and the World Security Confer
ence at San Francisco.
Gen. Charles de Gaulle has chosen to
ignore friendly warnings from Wash
ington and London not to send REIN
forcements to the Levant. He was
warned that he will not have to deal
with Syria and Lebanon alone but with
the whole Arab world, which is no longer
disposed to permit western nations to
treat the Middle East as a stepchild.
The British government did not mince
words in its diplomatic communications
to Paris and pointed out that If The
French do not care about the effect Of
their aggression against two sovereign
states, Britain, which has much more
at stake in the Near and Middle East,
cannot afford to have widespread trou-
bles on its hands at this time.
The American Government supported
the British and urged Gen. de Gaulle
to reconsider his hasty decisions which
OUFAouoly WC1C pl OIllOICu ny Illo USSn z
to show the French people that France
continues to be q great power keenly
interested in dominions and colonies.
Gen. de Gaulle did not heed the wise
counsels Of Washington and London and
decided to precipitate the crisis by con-
tinuing to send Senegalese to the Le-
want. Moreover, he is intimating that
what he calls the Levant uprising has
been prompted by a foreign power, "
indicating by innuendo that the British
intrigues in that section of the world
are responsible for the present situa-
ton. The British government, which
created Gen. de Gaulle in 1910 and used
all its influence with the American Gov
ernment to get him recognized by the
United States. bitterly resents this.
From the practical point Of view, i
has been pointed out to Gen. de Gaullt
that France does not have the necessary
power to cope with the fanatical Arat
population in the Levant. Moreover
all the Arab states now form solic
bloc and there is a strong possibility
that within short time important sup.
port will be given to the Syrians by thu
powerful King of Saudia Arabia, Ibr
Saud. Neither the American nor British
governments, which are treating th<
Arab ruler as an equal, Is prepared tt
Evening star., 1945-06-01
Frunco-ItuIiun Border

Recent reports that French au-
thoritieS in occupied districts of Italy
along the Alpine border between the
two countries are seeking to propa-
gandize the inhabitants in favor of
union with France is rather sur
priSing revival of historic frontier
disputes which were thought to have
been permanently settled.
The present Italian border
was established in 1860 when the
King of Piedmont-Sardinia ceded to
the French Empire of Napoleon III
Savoy and Nice in return for the lat
ter's aid in driving the Austrians
from Italy and thereby paving the
way for Italian unification under
the Piedmontese dynasty that still
sits precariously on the Italian
throne. That dynasty rightly calls
itself the House of Savoy. because
the province was the kernel of a
kingdom which for centuries strad-
died the Alps and contained both
French and Italian speaking ele-
ments. The French-speaking popu-
lation of Savoy was quickly assimi-
lated into the French nation. Some
what different was the situation in
the County of Nice, where the popu-
lation was Italian in language and
sentiment, the City of Nice being the
home of Garibaldi, the most roman
tic figure in the story of Italian uni
flcation.
While Italian sentiment ALWAYS
regretted the cession of Savoy and
Nice, there was little effective pro-
test until the rise of Fascism. One
OF MusSolini's promises was the
eventual redemption" of all Italian
speaking regions beyond the coun-
trys existing frontiers. Fascist prop
aganda was active not only in Sa-
voy-Nice and the Island of Corsica.
but also in the Swiss Italian-speak-
ing Canton of Ticino, the British
colony of Malta and the French pro-
tectorate of Tunisia, in North Africa.
which contains large Italian immi-
grant element. When the Duce
stabbed France in the back" as it
fell before the German invasion of
1910, he laid formal claim to Nice.
Corsica and Savoy and occupied
most OF those territories with Ital-
ian troops, though these claims were
never ratified by Hitler, his senior
partner.
Such dreams, of course, went glim-
mering with the fall of the Fascist
regime. The shoe is now on the
other foot, and French troops occupy
the border districts on the Italian
side. AS it happens, some of those
mountain valleys are inhabited by a
French-Speaking stock akin to their
relatives in neighboring Savoy, the
most important of these being the
broad valley of Aosta, which runs
from the Savoyard border to the
edge of the Piedmontese Plain. De-
spite the fact of their French speech,
these mountaineers have never been
historically connected with France.
and their annexation would have
scant strategic Justification, since
most OF the crucial mountain passes
are already in French territory. An
nexation would be bitterly resented
in Italy and would gravely hinder
the re-establishment of cordial rela-
tlons between the two nations. It
Is thus difficult to see what the De
Gaulle regime is driving at by max
ing so provocative a gesture at this
time.
Evening star., 1945-06-01
Formula for Survival


To the Editor of The Star:
I cannot understand why your cor
respondent, Chetwood T. Schwarzkoff
reasons that Americas only chance to
survive is for her to follow the same
policy toward Japan that Cato advised
the Romans to follow toward Carthage
Cato advised the Romans to destroy
Carthage completely, and the advice
was carried out, but Rome did not sur
vive. Some unexpected enemies arose
and all that Is left of Rome today is q
vague memory.
AS I see it, the best chance America
has to survive, and a chance which
carelessly has been handled during the
past 80 years, is for her to treat all
nations justly and with partiality to
none, as was advocated by George
Washington and others at the beginning
OF our Republic. j. j. SPERRY.
Evening star., 1945-06-01
The Bottle of Repoirs'

IL Is more IMAM o,UUU miles from
Okinawa and the home waters of
Japan to the West Coast of the
United States. but there is an in
innate and all-important relation
ship between what is happening in
both places.
Since last March IS, in one of the
most sustained operations of its kind
in history, our Navy has been boldly
and brilliantly lending direct sup
port to our Army and Marine forces
In the bitter and bloody battle for
OkinaWa. This has been done not
without cost. The japanese, with
their suicide planes and human fly
ing bombs. have completely failed
to break up the concentration of our
warships and can claim no sinkings
of major Importance, but as Secre-
tary Forrestal has just made plain,
the fact that more than 1000 of our
naval personnel have been killed or
wounded off the island clearly indi-
Gates that damage has been consid-
cradle.
Meanwhile, as the Navy's repair
needs thus become perhaps greater
than at any time since Pearl Harbor
and as Admiral Nimitz declares that
damaged ships must be put back
into combat in the shortest possible
fipoe thousands of eLi11od o,,, oJo1,oe
are quitting their jobs in the West
Coast shipyards. Mr.. Forrestal. Un-
dersecretary Bard and high naval
officers make no bones about the
seriousness of the situation. The
number of men now leaving the
yards has reached alarming pro-
portions" and since We day the
ability to recruit replacements has
sharply decreased. AS a result there
is a present critical demand for
$4,000 workers. chiefly electricians,
machinists. ordnance men, copper
smiths, radio mechanics and similar
specialists.
The development of this situation
is not actually surprising. With the
war ended in Europe and with mil
lions facing temporary unemploy-
ment during the reconversion period,
many shipyard workers and others
similarly engaged tend naturally to
look around for jobs of a permanent
peacetime nature. This was foreseen
some time ago. If Congress had
passed limited national service legis-
lation as advocated by the Army, the
Navy and the late President Roose-
velt, there would now be no reason
to worry. In the absence of such
legislation, however. some sort of
program must be improvised. Thus,
on Admiral Nimitz's suggestion, an
effort will be made to meet the de-
f1ciency by providing a blanket draft
deferment for men in the repair
yards, by having the War Manpower
Commission accord prime priority to
the matter, and by making other ar
rangements calculated to guarantee
that our naval operations in the far
Pacific will not be impeded or en-
dangered by the West Coast labor
drift.
In the words of Admiral Horne,
vice chief of naval operations, "the
battle of repairs" here at home is
directly related to the great battle
being fought on an around Okinawa.
1t will last as long as our warships
keep striking in Japan's home waters
and as long as the enemy keeps
hitting back with his special suicide
squadrons." Now, as much as ever,
patriotism and the requirements
OF the fighting fronts make it nee
essary for essential workers to stay
on the job. Especially as regards
our Navy. the demand for this is
compelling