davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

It is impossible at this time to say
whether the Japanese, despite the as
sertions of their propagandists that they
will fight to the bitter end, have made
direct approaches to Washington for
unconditional surrender. If they have,
the matter Is SO important that the few
men here who are in position to know
refuse to venture even a hint. The
utmost secrecy will have to be pre-
served until such time as the news be-
comes official.
But from President Truman's We
day speech 1t is clear that the Tokyo
government has been given it's last
chance to throw itself on the mercy
of the United States and its Allies be-
fore 1t is too late. <
It is no longer a secret that large
American forces are already on the
way to the Far East to bolster the still
inadequate armies of Gen. Douglas Mac
Arthur. The commander in chief of
the land forces in that theater is still
operating on "shoestring" when the
vastness of the operations which he
has in mind is realized.
The British already have started their
cleaning-up operations in the Indian
Ocean and are expected to increase this
momentum dramatically. The Dutch
and the French also are prepared,
within the limits of their restricted re-
sources, to assist their major ally in
that area.
American air forces are officially re-
ported to be on the way from Europe
to Asia. Shipping which had to be dis
tributed between the Atlantic and the
Pacific, with the Atlantic having the
lions share, will now be diverted almost
exclusively to the Pacific. Many mer-
chantmen and transports which at one
time constituted an almost continuous
chain carrying lease-lend materials to
Russia have now been freed for Pacific
operations. There has been a definite
slowing down of the lease-lend materials
to our European allies and this will be
soon followed by even more drastic
curtailments, except for the necessary
food for the armies and a limited
quantity of food for the hungry popu-
lations Of Europe.
When all the shipping is available q
large American army with all the neces-
sary tools of war will proceed to our
present bases in the Pacific and the
greatest offensive ever witnessed in that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
The War: Phase Two

War Mobilization Director Vinson
has made it perfectly clear that the
defeat of Germany cannot and will
not bring any substantial modifica-
ton of wartime pressures and. short
ages in this country.
Such things as the brownout, the
curfew and the racing ban have been
lifted. There will be little more
gasoline and cheaper grades of
clothing will be in better supply.
Within a year we may also expect
few new automobiles, more tires,
and perhaps limited supply of such
things as washing machines and
refrigerators. The food shortage is
expected to become more severe,
however, and rationing will be even
stricter than before. Military needs
will also necessitate tighter shoe
rationing.
Mr.. Vinson, properly enough, at
tributes the continuance of essential
war controls to the imperative
necessity of guarding against any
slackening of effort in the war with
Japan. He warns that this "formi-
dable enemy" will fight ito the bitter
end" and the indications are that
he is right. There has been con-
siderable unofficial and possibly
uniformed talk to the effect that
the japanese, when they realize that
defeat is inevitable, will surrender
in the hope of ending the war before
the Russians can come in against
them. Perhaps that will prove to be
SO, but there is little to support
such a hope in the attitude of the
japanese cabinet, which was called
into special session yesterday At
that meeting the enemy cabinet
asserted that the defeat of Germany
would not bring the slightest change
in the war detectives of the japanese
government, and reiterated Japan's
determination to devote her total
effort toward the complete destruc-
ton of the unjust ambition of the
United States and Britain"
This language may seem somewhat
equivocal, but it would be foolish and
dangerous to permit the hope of an
early end in the Pacific to minimize
the advantage that will accrue to
us by throwing everything we
have against the japanese at the
earliest possible moment. That is
what Mr.. Vinson is asking for, and
that is the least that the Nation can
do to support the fighting men who
are already in the Pacific as we'll as
those who are being rushed there as
fast as the Army and the Navy can
move them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

after the war in agreements of their
own. If such things should happen, the
whole concept of an international or
ganization developed at Dumbarton
Oaks might easily go into the discard
The arguments for regional controls,
without first going to the Security
Council for authority to act are that
they make for speed in acute situa-
lions threatening the peace, and that
better understanding of local situations
is possible through regional supervision.
~ ~
In support of the Americas contention
that they have power to act first and
then notify the Security Council of
their actions, or proposed action, it is
commended that if Russia is allowed to
act, through its bilateral agreements
with other nations, it is certainly rea-
sonable the Americas should have
similar authority in the Western Hem
isphere. In the Russian exemption 1t
is specified, however, that the action
is limited to situations that may arise
with the Axis powers, the enemy ma
tons in this war. Their treaties of
mutual defense are aimed particularly
at keeping Germany down and prevent
ing future German aggression. The
Americas insist, nevertheless, that these
Russian treaties may be interpreted as
covering much more extensive ground.
There has been a more or less sharp
division in the United States delega-
ton over this issue, as it relates to the
Act of Chapultepec. Comdr Harold E.
Stassen. it is known, has argued strong
ly for no exemptions, on the ground
that if they are permitted the value
of the new international organization
will be greatly impaired. The senatorial
members of the delegation, Vanden-
berg of Michigan and Connally of
Texas, on the other hand, have been
alive to the fact that the Senate, which
must ratify the treaty of United States
adherence to the new organization
might kick over the traces and defeat
any upsetting of the Monroe Doctrine.
To this last argument, however, it is
urged that since the United States
will sit on the Security Council as
permanent member and with a veto
power in its hands, nothing could be
done to infringe on the Monroe Doc
trine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO, May l0.-The knot
tiest problem before the United Ma
tons Conference is to maintain the
strength of the overall security organ
ization which it proposes to set up and
at the same time permit regional con-
trolls over threats to the peace in par
ticular areas.
This has been brought forcibly before
the conference by the insistence of the
Russians that their bilateral treaties of
mutual defense with the Balkan states
and other European nations be exempt
from the provisions of the charter
which gives the Security Council au-
thority to say what action, if any, IS
taken. This exemption has already been
agreed to by the four sponsoring pow
ers-the United States, Britain, Russia
and China.
Equally important is the demand of
the American republics that an exemp-
ton be extended to their regional
agreements-particularly the Act Of
Chapultepec, which binds the American
republics to action for the preservation
of peace in this hemisphere. The Latin
American republics have been insistknf
that this exemption be granted; that it
shall not be necessary to 60 to the Sc
curity Council If one of them is attacked
in order to take collective action against
the aggressor, whether that aggresso:.
be one of the American republics or a
European or Asiatic power. -
The danger to the new internal ional
organization for the maintenance of
world peace lies in the possibility that
other regional agreements, also demand
ing exemption, may crop up, either here
at the conference or in the future, espe-
cially If a general formula is written
into the United Nations Charter.
Indeed, it is argued that further ex-
emptions would be an invitation to the
formation of new regional agreements,
until the world again is divided into
groups of countries and the old game
of international and power politics is
given a new lease on life. Regional
agreements, for example, might easily
be extended into the Pacific area, with
the United States and China and the
Philippines linked together, or with Rus
STA, China and what is left of Japan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
A Sound Plan

Considering the unprecedented
completely of the problem, it is
doubtful that there could be bet
ter or fairer plan for military re-
deployment and rehabilitation than
the one just announced by the War
Department.
Within the next twelve months
approximately 100000 American
soldiers will have been returned by
ships and planes to civilian life in
this country Of these some $50 900
will be men released because of spe-
cif1c disabilities, and the balance will
be made up almost entirely of those
who have had extended overseas
service, whether in Europe or else
where. The return of similar num-
Der was accomplished in a similar
length of time after the last war.
but that was relatively simple, for
there was then no enemy remaining
to be defeated in Asia. Today, how
ever, mountains of equipment and
great forces of men must be rede-
ployed against Japan and many of
the INDEPENDENTLY service troops
-must go directly to the Pacific,
while the rest will be routed
through the United States for re-
training, during which they will en-
Joy furloughs.
All this involves not only the diff
cult task of allocating transporta-
ton in proper proportions, but also
the psychological problem of select
ing those to be redeployed and those
to be demobilized in such a way as
to do no injury to morale. In this
respect the War Departments plan
is admirable: While top priority is
to be accorded all redeployment de-
mandS, those men who have been
overseas longest and have fought
hardest and those who have chill
dren" are to get first consideration
in rehabilitation. This approach to
the problem is based on recon-
mendations made by the soldiers
themselves. It will be subject only
to the continuing necessity of find
ing adequate requirements for the
numbers to be denobilized- neces-
sity which will be met in part by
maintaining draft calls at a high
level for some time to come.
The War Department frankly adj
mits that its plan probably will not
work to perfection, but the situation
is so complex that some measure of
trial and error must be expected.
The Army has right to ask for the
continued courage and understand
ing of the American people, even
though many homes are likely to be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
Old Church

I kraoto little to,on iphere people
Tell the aDeather By steeple,
Where an old, wlaite church lifts HIGH
A thin, pale finger to the sky,
And on its tip sDeather pdns
Is pointing into sun or rain.
All OF truth totDn need knop
OF all the minds that yearly blow
Is there-tte ptnndcled, clear ,pord,
And mornings on street are heard
The passing toDnstok as they say.
She's little to the north today
So. do,Dn the aisle OF years and seasons
The old, ,Dflite church has pointed
reasons,
Apart from Dirtue and from sin,
Why men should labor out or in.
And, somehow. 1t is good to know
That ,aeother eyes in doubt belotr
May lift at morning to inquire,
And sight their anstoers on q spirei
ISABELLA BRYANs LONGFELoW.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

than the peace of giants made at Paris.
I think such an organization, made by
many hands and contributed to in
greater or less measure by all the ma
tons here represented is far more likely
to command the support of the peoples
of those nations throughout the years
of trial that are to come than peace
fabricated by the hands of a few great
men.
In the committees and commissions
of this conference there is infinite dis
cussion and infinite compromise going
on as these words are written. The re-
suits of all this discussion and all this
compromise will eventually be submitted
to the nations of the world in the form
of a charter for a United Nations or
ganization, that charter will be, in
every paragraph, almost in every SEN
tence, the result of discussion and of
compromise 1t will not be a charter
which any single individual at this con-
ference would write had he the sole au-
thority to do So. 1t will not be charter
which any national delegation here
would write, had they the sole authority
to do So It will not even be charter
which the delegations of the Big Five
would write, were there no other inter-
ests and views to be taken into account.
But it will be a charter on which all
the delegations present can agree, and
can present to their respective nations
as the best charter which can be
obtained.
That charter will bear the stamp of
no living mans personality. 1t will
hardly be possible even to say this SEN
tence was written by Edward Stettinius,
and that by Anthony Eden; this para
graph was the work of Molotov, and
that phrase was inserted by Bidault.
The final charter viii be the work. lit
orally, OF hundreds Of men and women,
all contributing the best that is In them,
and working out the final result by ac-
commodating the views and hopes of
each to d common denominator-the
necessity for agreement on a charter
that will work, that will stand the test
of time, that will do what Is expected
of it and that will possess suficient
f1exibility to meet the needs of the flu
ture: needs which none here can fore
see and which no, one here believes
that he can foresee.
Such charter. so constructed, may
well be far nearer the ideal charter of
q peoples peace than was the work of
Paris: for the true test is not present
acclaim, but future support.
tcopyrtght. le4S.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
Peace of Earnest Men
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, May 10-There is
one very notable and on the whole very
hopeful difference between this United
Nations Conference and the peace con-
ference at Paris which gave us both the
League of Nations and the treaty OF
Versailles.
The work of Paris was the work OF
giants. It was dominated by the three
outstanding figures of the world: Wilson,
Clemenceau, Lloyd George. They were
there in person; the agreements reached
and, the decisions taken were, in all
essential points, their agreements ana
their decisions. The ratification OF the
results of Paris by their respective coun-
tries, and the subsequent support given
to or withheld from those results were
ineScapably bound up with the personal
and political fortunes of the great men
who made the peace of Paris. It was a
peace of personalities, so dominated by
great figures that 1t was upon them as
individuals and not so much upon the
work they did that the limelight of
publicity and the shafts of criticism
were focused.
Here in San Francisco there are no
dominant figures. There are capable
men, earnest men, Woodworking men
who are striving together to reach an
agreement upon subject Of supreme
Importance to all men-indeed to the
very existence of the human race. But
there is no one of them, or two or three
who dominate the scene and with whose
future the future of the work they here
accomplish will be bound up.
* y
IN, no
come the Big Five-of this conference
are thus termed because they represent
dominant states. not because they are,
as were their predecessors at Versailles,
themselves the greatest figures on the
stage Of world history in the making.
They do not for a moment think of
themselves as such. Not one of them
has ever exercised supreme executive
authority in his country; they are men
of the second level Of power, not the
first; they are ministers, not rulers.
They are men whose lives have been
spent in dealing with others, not in
directing others. None of them has
suffered the i'll effects of what Andrew
jackson once called "the poison OF
power"
think that peace organization made
by such men is far more likely to endure
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10
Mule Shoes to Boom.
Molotov Left Behind Only Vague
Promises, Says Observer
BY David laurence

From the st. Louis Star-Times.
Those who like to dabble in mass psy-
chology are predicting that the mule
shoe market will boom in this country
because of President Truman.
1t seems that when Harry Truman
was born, his father-a Missouri mule
trader-nailed mule shoe over the door
OF the farmhouse with the hope that
the child would become "a good man
and great man."
And SO, some Of the, psychologists say,
there may be stampede to follow that
example.
Could be. People do the darndest
things!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

1t used to be said that money was
the measure of everything. Now it's
the ration coupon that is the yard
stick of the Nation. People are rich
If they have red points and poor as
Jobs proverbial turkey If they
haven't.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

disappointed in learning that vic.
tory in Europe means redeployment
for their sons. The hard and all
controlling fact Is that Japan must
still be beaten. With Germany's
downfall the global victory is only
half won.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

It is significant that the same let
tiers We which mean so much to us
also have a meaning for Germany,
in whose language they stand
for Vernichtung Europa-Defeat in
Eurone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

1t would appear that various anti
cigarette organizations are just now
at about the peak of their efficiency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

Longfellow's dictum that genius
Is only the infinite capacity of TAX
ing trouble" might be revised to
read: getting into trouble"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

State of Georgia is asking relief. No
favors are requested, only observance Of
the statutes and Constitution Of the
United States.
ELLIS ARNAI.I. Governor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

Who remembers the good old
days" when the girls shins and
calves did not really begin to brown
up until June?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

One business that will not be diff
f1cult to get under way in post
war Germany is the junk business.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-05-10

spiracy and announces that it is going
to establish the rate independently not
Withstanding the joint action in turn
ing it down; whereupon certain roads
in the North quit the conspiracy also
and signify an intention to act indie
pendently in joining with the Southern
independent in establishing the rate.
The Northern railroad rate bureau
or conspiracy then appeals to the Asso-
citation OF American Railroads, which
requests all concerned to hold up publi-
cation of the reduced rate pending ef-
forts by the AAR to compose differ
ences" between the Northern and South
ern roads. The AAR, having failed to
kill the proposal altogether, begins an
active campaign to compromise the
matter.
Finally, the Southern independent
agrees to abandon its original proposal
to bring about parity and to compromise
the matter, in accordance with the
AAR's suggestion, by. fixing the South
North rate on basis 10 per cent above
the Northern level. t
The AAR's activities in the matter
extend over long period of time and
include meetings in different parts Of
the United States and the building up
OF a file of disheartening proportions
during all of which time the independ-
ent Southern road holds its independent
action in reducing the rate in abeyanee.
Finally. the independent never does pdb-
lish the rate wanted by Southern BUSH
ness. which was one on the same level
as prevailed between points In the
North, but instead rate 10 per cent
higher than desired and 10 per cent
higher than the Northern level.
It is against such illegal restraint Of
the rail lines that should compete In
the best American tradition that the
Nogales international., 1945-08-31

Customs
CONTINUED from Page One)

ernment agencies.
The new ruling will not affect the
the non commercial traffic to and
from Mexico, and 24-hour service
every day in the week will continue
to be given at the gates. However,
due to the curtailment in the num-
ber of hours to be worked by the
linemen, some thought has been
given by some of the government
agencies in Washington to the clos
ing of the Morley avenue garita at
NogaleS.
Unless some arrangement is made
whereby perishables can be cleared
on Saturdays and Sundays by the
time of the opening of the annual
West Coast of Mexico winter vege-
table season this fall, the new rul-
ing is expected to play havoc with
produce business.
l.. M. Brody, in charge of Immi-
grafton at Nogales, said Tuesday,
he, too, has received notice of the
4O-hour week but that the line as
far as that service is concerned will
continue to be open "a hours a day,
seven days a week.
Nogales international., 1945-08-31
Nogales Has
CONTINUED from Page u

Continued from Page II
most important trade point along
the Mexico-United States border,
and it has great prospects of grow
ing. For that reason Valley Bank
officials felt that acquisition of the
First National of Nogales was wise
STEP"
Bimson said that so far no defin-
ite plans had been made because
there were still legal steps to be
taken before Valley National could
acquire the assets of the Nogales
institution. This would take at least
two weeks, ,he said.
However, he added that no per-
sonnel changes were planned in the
Nogales bank, once it became part
of the valley system. He declared
that all officers would retain their
present posts and that all the per-
sonnel who so desired could retain
their jobs.
1--WE feel that there is a bright
future for Nogales and the bank
there" Bimson declared. "Nogales
can become an ever increasingly
important port of entry for goods
from northern Mexico and the West
Coast of Mexico to the United
States. The cattle and range pros
poets along the border are bright.
Add to that the extremely bright
future of the city itself and one can
easily see why the Valley Bank was
interested in acquiring the Nogales
firm
Bimson emphasized that with ac-
quisition of the Nogales bank his
firm would be able to offer to the
people of the border city, to ranch
ers along the border and to pro-
ducers and those interested in
North Mexico all the advantages
offered by the home office in
Phoenix to residents of the capital
city.
with the expanding economy of
the border city we feel that we have
made a fine step forward in pur-
chasing the Nogales bank and are
very pleased about the whole deal, )"
Bimson declared.
Nogales international., 1945-08-31
Softban
CONTINUED from Page u

Continued from, Page u
played in this years softball season.
The Lions got off to good start
in the first inning, scoring five runs
off Castillo, but the Bracker's kept
on fighting, and in the third inning
the big rally started when Joe Vas
quez came up to bat and got a
single over the second baseman's
head with two men on base. Then
Nanny Preciado came up and got a
clean home run over center field,
tying the score at five all.
The cleanup man, F.. VelaSquez,
also connected for another home
run putting the Statesmen in the
lead until the eighth inning when
the Lions tied the score at all.
Bracker's came up for the last
half of the ninth inning and with a
walk and a hit by Valenzuela crack
ed the ice and the game ended to
z in favor of the Statesmen.
The final game will be played to-
night at pm. Castillo will be on
hand to pitch for Bracker's in the
deciding game.