davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
In Wyandotte HospltaI

Mrs. Robert Armstrong; brother
in-law, Warner Hooking, Lincoln
Park, is very i'll in Wyandotte
Hospital.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31

Mrs. John Maggie is slowly re-
covering from a slight stroke she
suffered recently.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
Legal Notices
APPOINTMENT
OF ADMINIsTRATOH


STATE OF MICHIGAN. The Pro.
bate Court for the County of wash.
tGnaw.
AT a session Of said Court held at
the Probate office in the City of
18th day Of July, A. d. 1915.
Present. Hon. JAY c. PRAY. Judge
of Probate.
In the Matter OF tho Estate Of
Flora Aimira Barber, Deceased
Lillian PARE having filed
in said Court her petition praying
that the administration OF said es-
tate be granted TO Lillian PARE
or to some other suitable person.
1t is ordered, That the 18Th day OF
August, A. ID. l945. at nine o'clock
(C.w.T) in the forenoon. at said
Probate office, be and is hereby ap-
pointed for hearing said petition.
1t is Further Ordered. That public
notice thereof be given by publica-
ton OF copy Of this order. once
each week for three successive
weeks previous to said day of hear
ing, in the Ypsilanti Daily Press. .
newspaper printed and circulated in
JAY @. PRAY,
A true copy
Nora o. BorEert,
Register NJ Probate.
Adv. 2-so7
TINAh ACCOUNT OF GUARDIAN
STATE OF MICHIGAN. TIL. Pro.
bate Court for County of WASH
tenaw.
At a session OF said Court. held AZ
the Probate office in the City OF
Ann Arbor.- In said County. on the
18th day OF July A. d. 1915.
Present. Hon. Jay G. Pray. Judge
of Probate.
In the Matter OF the Estate OF
Flora Barber, Incompetent
Lillian PARE having filed in said
Court her final account as guardian
OF said estate and her petition pray
Ing for the allowance thereof.
II is Ordered. that the 18th day Of
August, A. d. 1s45. at nine O'Clock
lC.W.T) In the forenoon, at said
Probate office. he and is hereby ap-
pointed for examining and allowing
said account.
II Is Further Ordered, That public
notice thereof be given by publicn-
ton OF copy of this order, for three
successive weeks previous 10 said
day or hearing. in the Ypsilanti
Daily Press. newspaper printed
and circulated in said County.
JAY G. PRAY. Judge of Probate.
A true copy
NORA o. BoRGERT.
REGISTER of Probate
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31

Erwin Null, Russell VANITY and
Dale Armstrong took their physical
examinations in Detroit Monday.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
The YpslantiD ailyPress

GEORGE c. HANDY. Publisher
Entered as second-elass mail matter
The Ypsilantlan. Jan. 1850.
The Ypsilanti Daily Press, March 10.
1904, IN accordance with Sec. $50,
p. L. a r., (Mar. 8, 1879. at Post
Office, Yosilanti, Mich:
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION
BY Carrier. per week. in city. ...2te
By Mail. one year in Ypsilanu
trading zone, comprising
washtenaw County and vest
ern portion Of Wayne County 1900
BY Mail, per year, outside Ypsi-
lanti trading zone ...........7.5O
Special rate to soldiers. year. 500
Independent OF politics and pub
lished daily except Sunday with an
aim toward serving the Ypsilanu
trading territory.
TELEPHONES
Business office ...... To.t1l
EDITORIAL Rooms METEOROLOGICAL 9
MEMBER OF
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Associated Press is entitled to
the use for republication OF all news
dispatches credited to II not other
wise credited in this paper and also
the local news published herein. All
rights Of republication OF special
DISPATCHES herein are also reserved.
MEMBER MICHIGAN
LEAGUE or HOME DAILTEs
scheersr and Co.
lI Lexington Ave. New YORK
IS Z. wacker Drive Chicago.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
Joins Marines
To Have Esanipatian

David Neinshein Joined the Ma.
rines and left Monday.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31

HIGHLY IMPROVED i0S ACRE
FARM near willis. Reasonable
Price. Terms. II. Pset, Realtor, 1ls
Pearl st. Phone 1871.
122o GRANT ST, room brick ven
eer, oil heat, built I years. Priced
to sell. Tel. 9ss-W.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
Classified Aduerising

rates. psymsn, with ordsr for consecutive per hns'
classified advertisement three lines
contracts
classified
responsible than incorrect Insertion
before publication Telephones no. al
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31
Robins & Dupont
4-ROOM HOUSE

T-NOOIW TTOOOE
wired for electricity, stove, good
well, fine shade, fruit trees and
excellent acre Of land. Whitta-
ker Road near Lincoln School.
$1,000 on terms.
Excellent West Side Corner
GROOM MODERN HOME
fine condition throughout, oil
heat. double garage, house well
insulated, fireplace and other
good features. Reasonable price,
A. R. DeSROAT
. LAKEWOOD AVE. PHONE 1910
SEMI-MoDERN-six rooms and bath
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31

ONE OF THE NEWER HOUSES
near Prospect Park and School.
6 rooms semi-bungalow. Complete
bath with floor tub and shower.
Large living room with cove cell
ing. hardwood floors, full cement
basement, furnace, laundry tubs
nice bedroom downstairs, 2 bed
rooms upstairs. large lot with we'll
kept lawn. $500, Terms. II. C.
Peet, Realtor. 1l9 Pearl st. Phone
1911
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-07-31

SEMI MODERN-six rooms and bath.
Near school, $4,000, terms. ASA
Holmes Rd.
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-21
l2lr, t7zzyrz

1, Sgt. and Ars. NJ. Tinsl ey
WAC lived at Fo ort. Euachuca
fer many years. have moved
to Denver. Colo, where
they have purchased a mod
ern 10 room home. The adj
dress Of their beauti full
new home is 225l Williams
St., Denver. Sgt. Tins1ey
was Special Deputy o f the
Elks and treasurer o f the
Masons. Mrs. Tinsley was
Past Daughter Ruler and
reco riding secretary. They
ask to hear from thei r
many fri ends here at the
Fort.
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-21
3<4<n4alAM4VMIl1.
Mrs. Clyde Green

Mrs. Clyde Green was .
recipient CT a surpri Sc
hi rthday party given for
her at the home Of hr. and
Mrs. Walter Ovens en- the
4'th. OF December. Mrs, ow-
ems prepared a delicious
dinner and Mrs. Green was
feted Wi tn presents and
wei l-wi shes by q no st O f
fri ends. A grand time was
had by. all.
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-21

POSTSCRIPT OF TIE APACHE SENTINEL Page T.
4 /. st::ess. s4::sss j. CINEMA
8 Saturday end Sunday. -. $500 m.
sc Theater No.3 >.'. .a}-'-
Or Sunday Only. y..............2:oo P. Nj.
nd Theater MS
ne Sunday Only. ....,........2:3o 20 P. N.
W. yEEING SCHEDULES
us Theater No.1 starts ct 6: 80 P. NJ.
as Theater No. starts at s. 80 P. NJ. (0ne Showing)
nd Theater No. starts at p 80 P, NJ. (one showingl
81 IT. r. SATURDAY az Deesmber 8:25
1-5.. HOUSE OF DRACIA-Lon chaney-Jehn Carradtne
~ Shcrts-Htgh Blood Pleasure Cadet cagers.v
= Music Of the Aneri cas- 4,
Shorts ArmyNavy Screen Magazine = Paramount
ey :: SUNDAY % Decenner ... a:zo
ca INC. lis. KITTY Paulette Ray Milland
ed Shorts Paramount News
mo ONE WAY TO LOVE"-Ches ter Marguerite
d. Chapman ~
d. Shorts = March Of Time "A self Made Mongrel
al LNNpAY 24 December a.3o
ns 11o .l-5.. SANE AS SUNDAY
ey mo DUSE CLANCY -John Carradtne
ne TUESDAY IS December 8:45
ne No. l5 HTE RED DaGOT"- Sidney Toler-Nllie Best
as VA GUY GOULD CHAEGE" Al Ian Lane Jane Frazee
nd nos. "KITTY" Pau1ette Goddard Ray Mil1and
eV MEDNESDAy Is December $40
lr mo. .l5 FRONTIER GAL"- De- Cameron
ne Shorts Community Sing = Paramount News
lNo .3.... SALE TuEHDAY" ..t-
THURSDAY 27 Decerlber 825
, lNo lis. SAFE AS WEDNESDAY, .H
| INC hTET To1a 1iaP
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-21
cANpy SALE on SALE CON EssARy

Huyler's Colonial l Lb. Pox...... 81. Oe
Huyler's Club Assorted I Lb. BoK. SO. 70
BluHil1 Chocolate Clusters. 30
Closing out entire stock of Chocolate candi es
for en tndefi nj te period.
Postscript of the Apache sentinel., 1945-12-21

Theater No.1 starts et 6: 80 P. NJ.
Theater Eo.3 starts at $3.50 P. NJ.
Z Theater No. starts at y: 80 P. NJ.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
PHYSICAL EDUCATION NEEDED

A publication of the National Educa-
ton Association tells us that adequate
school health programs are Imperative,
which is about what we have tried to tell
our readers for some years.
One out of every three men, called
into service after Pearl Harbor, was unfit
for duty. This applies to those between
the ages of 1887 but even among the 1919
group the reflections, were one out of four.
In the 1919 ages reflections among
the whites were 23.8 percent and among
Negroes ass percent. For farm youth the
reflections were Al percent compared to 25
percent for all occupational groups.
This evidence of physical disability is
not only a challenge to the nation but a
condemnation. Parents, schools, public
health services, doctors and lawmakers
share the blame. Every individual is part
ly responsible insofar as he, or she, did
not do anything to remedy the appalling
lack of proper physical education and de-
velOpment.
There are some signs of physical edu-
cation in Monroe County but the truth of
the matter is that what has been attempted
is wOefully inadequate. Even the pro-
grams of our largest schools is but a feeble
start upon the great task of insuring proper
physical growth for boys and girls.
Authorities suggest that adequate
school programs are imperative. They are
right in this suggestion, even if the program
costs money. School years are critical
nh ind 70
need, more than ever. a sensible routine of
health, physical education and proper rec
reatiOn.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19

How we hoped in Key West, and that
hope was general throughout the Allied
world, that Lord Haw Haw and all the Jap
and Nazi bloodthirsty crew would some
day be groveling for mercy when the Axis
powers would De defeated!
1t was almost too much to hope that
all of them finally would be caught and
tried for the atrocities they had committed,
and yet, with the exception of Hitler, all
the more important warlords and their
minions have been arrested and all will be
tried to determine their guilt as war GRIM
inals.
Haw Haw merely mouthed the ''glor-
les of Germany and berated the Allies
with the most bitter tongue in histOry-bit-
ter, night after night, for almost five years.
Here was a man, born in the United
States, who left this country to become a
citizen of Great Britain, and when Britain
was more sorely beset than during any
other time in her history, he deserted her
and became tool at price, of country
that was trying not only to destroy Britain
but the United States and Russia as well.
Even more than that, Haw Haw must
have realized that Hitler and his gang
were striving to destroy all of that way of
life, with its guarantees of freedom, he had
known in his boyhood and most of his man
hood.
In Great Britain, he is considered the
arch traitor of all time, and the British,
noted for their slowness, but thOroughness
withal, gave him the same type of fair trial
as would have been given to an ordinary
criminal.
Finally, with that rugged slowness,
which has so exasperated Lord Haw Haw,
he is now a mental and physical wreck,
the House of Lords, his last hope, has de-
clared he must hang till he is dead
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
ev Ernesfine Adams

used it. The odor was sickening
and she turned the water on to
wash 1t away. There was no time
ID dry the bottle thoroughly. She
rolled the paper and put it inside
and hurried back into the bed
room 10 place the bottle where 1t
had stood before. She was back
on the chaise when a tap sounded
on the door from the salon.
Come N" she called and
breathed deeply to quiet her
jumping nerves.
Virginia opened the door and
stood against It looking like an
exotic model in a full skirted
black dress thar showed most Of
her long slender legs. The square
neck had a fold Of white held with
turquoise clasps. She wrlnkled
her long thin nose.
That scent doesn't match your
personality
L spilled the stuff. Sit down,
Ginnie. I'm glad you're here" Her
voice sounded elusive.
Zoe girl sat in a slipper chair
near the bed and looked at Julia
critically.
Instead of a famous beauty
you might be a subject for Coney
Island Waxworks. It's a wonder to
me they haven't arrested you for
lack of makeup
Why didn't they arrest me?
thought they were going to-"
Because, darling. you're so gor-
geous they'd have to have moving
pictures of the crime to convict
you. Silly. isn't it? But if you
don't fly into another dress and
wash that dead look off your face,
they'll get YOU yet. If l were on
trial I'd rather have a first rate
dress designer than a good law
yer. Frank Is out there talking to
Moore. We are going to lay down
tactics. Frank says. Whatever that
IS. The police are being barraged
with fan mail Every one wants tc
help hang the one who put the
finger on his favorite actor"
'Robey =" Julia shuddered
Then they know it's murder?'
well. what do you think? The
police haven't informed the news
papers but the newspapers are
| telling the police. Haven't yoU
read them?" At Julia's negative
nod she went on. Some one got
hold of the story about the cop:
/ head being Dashed In last night
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
Ap Newrsfaofures

Frank has been up TO headquar-
tiers and he has also been talking
to Simon Lille"
who IS he?"
My God. Julie, where have you
lived all your life? He's the best
criminal lawyer In New York.
Now look, you Get going. Get IN
the tub and I'll pick out your
clothes"
WHEN she appeared in the salon
w later no one could see how
she fought 10 preserve her calm
Frank rose from the sofa on the
far side of the fireplace where he
sat with Virginia and came to-
ward her. He took both her hands
and she knew that he had cast
her In the role of bereaved
widow.
Il know it's horrible for you"
He led her TO the opposite sofa
and went back to his place by
Virginia. He leaned forward and
his dark eyes bored into Julia's
above the table between them.
I'm doing everything l can. nv
dear. | hope the police weren't
too troublesome this afternoon /
talked to Lille and he is ready
to step In if you want him"
"Why should 1? I'm not guilty"
Her chin set stubbornly.
But, Julie. dear, why did you
90 to Jerry? The Commissioner
has hit on the idea that you're IN
love with him and that the two
of you were in a plot"
"Oh, they can't think there Is
anything between Jerry and mel
It's too ridiculous"
But why did you go?"
After a slight hesitation she de-
cided to tell Frank the truth.
There was no mistaking the sur
prise on both the faces opposite
her. When they got the whole
story Frank got up and began
walking back and forth across the
floor.
Il don't know whether to tell
the police or not"
Frank drew his brows together.
at couldn't help and it might
put you in a worse light. Believe
me, I'd tell you to if l didn't think
it would confuse the whole issue.
I think know already who killed
him"
To be continued
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
ALMOST WORTH HAVING

Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, the army's
expert on the atomic bomb, was recently
asked whether there was a possibility of
an atomic bomb explosion setting off a
chain of chemical reaction that would de-
Stroy the earth.
The officer replied that he wasn't
worried about it and that his best advisers
did not think that this was a real peril.
However. he added, IF it happens, it will
be all Overland We won't have to explain
that one"
This is a pleasant thought, if there
must be wholesale destruction of the globe.
There will be no Congressional investiga-
ton, with chargeS and countercharges, most
of them nonSenSical.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
Chapter Is

[Sunday 5:37 pm. to Z p.m.1
FIGHT years before Robey had
IL made MS first success on the
stage and he mad been in the pub
lie eye ever since Julia knew that
from his scrap books. BIT that
was in the fall season following
the date on the marriage certlfi-
cate. The first marriage Julia
knew of was to Alma who had
been the sensation of the year at
her first appearance IN the Met
ropolitan. The wedding had made
spIashing headlines. From Frank S
remarks she gathered that Alma
had cared more for her actor nus
band than foC her own career.
Robey had divorced her in Paris
two years later and had married
Grace. Their battles in public
made interesting reading, too. IN
Guiding the fight IT the divorce
courts of Reno. Grace had, in the
end, won a large alimony after
Robey's attorneys had suddenly
Withdrawn.
All these things stood in her
mind and she tried to fit them
to the scrap of paper she held.
If the certificate was genuine
and why else would Robey, with
his closeness with money, pay for
it?-it might mean that the ac-
tors other three marriages were
bigamous. Or this one might have
been annulled- Or the woman
could have obtained a divorce
with no publicity from Robert c.
Baker because Robey never used
his legal name.
But this was the fourth Mrs.
Bakerl This was what Jerry had
told her about. Did that mean that
Adelaide Campbell was the wo-
man in the red hat? But she had
not come to the party.
She heard the chimes of the
doorbeI. She jumped up and
looked about in sudden panic. She
must hide the piece of paper
There was nc time to decide
where a good place would be. She
picked up a tall cylindrical shaped
perfume bottle of glazed blue
china and carried it to the bath
room and dumped the contents
into the basin. It was a heavy
oriental scent which RObey had
bought for her and she had never
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
APPRECIATION

Editor. The Citizen
I wish 10 thank Won fo- -1e
splendid reception gwen % aL
recruiting publicity ~ vour -ss--s
Of Dec 10, II and - TIE EN-
listed men Of my recruiting team
who We're recently II KEY Wes-
We're most enthusiastic In tLa-
praise.
/ visited KEY West three weeks
ago on official business and cr--
tinued on with q long trap rf-1---
southern Florida I returned -r
my home and family here n H.
ami on that Friday YVES So lr-
pressed with the beauty Of ksr
West and the Overseas Highway
that I got out the family car and
drove back down 70 KEY Wee
on Saturday. IN order 10 Show Lle
wife and children "a place I know
they VIII always reueubCr-
The two bows and myself are
native sons Of CalEornia Too
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
SPIRITUAL FOOD
BY J. w. r.
THE BIRTH OF CHRIST
AS TOLD MATTHEW

(The Story Thus Far: Mary
found with Child of Holy Ghost.
Angel tells Joseph to take her as
his wife as she will bring forth a
Saviour of his people. Jesus born.
Wise men from east come TO Jeru-
salem to worship him. Herod the
king becomes troubled, calls in
the wise men, instructs them to.
find the young child and to bring
him word so that he may worship
Jesus also. Star of east guides
wise men to Jesus. They worship
him and give him gifts. Warned
in a dream not to return to
Herod, they depart another way
into their own country
And when they were departed,
behold, the angel of the Lord ap-
peareth to Joseph in a dream,
saying, Arise, and take the young
child and his mother, and flee into
Egypt, and be thou there until
bring thee word: for HerOd will
seek the young child to destroy
him. When he arose, he took the
young child and his mother by
night, and departed into Egypt:
And was there until the death of
HerOd; that it might be fulfilled
which was spoken Of the Lord By
the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt
have l called my son.
Then Herod, when he saw that
be was Knocked of the wise men,
was exceeding wroth, and sent
forth, and slew al the children
that were in Bethlehem, and in all
the casts thereof, from two years
Cd and under. az riding 10 the
tune he led diligently inquired of
the wise men. Tnor was fulfilled
that which was spoken by Jeremy
the prophet, saying, IN Rama WIS
there a voice heard, ,a-Ientatloa.
and weeping, and great mourning,
Rachel we4oi7s fOr her children.
and would be comfOrted, because
they are not.
But when HeroG was dead, b.
hold, an angel Of the LORD appeaS-
ed in a dream to Joseph III FEypt,
saying, Arise. and take the yOCr9
child and his mother, an6 so INTO
the land OF israel: for they are
dead which sought the young
child's life. And he arose, and took
the young child and his mothe' .
and came into the land of Israel" :
Matthew 2:13-21.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19

PEOPLES FORUM


The Citizen Welcomes exmre@-
SionS eff the NirxSz 81 So rwad-
erS. hut ghr editor rr@rrarN rhr
right to d~l~Er mns Ra~za~ - hts-h
are considered IihrtpmN ssr umWamr-
ranted. The writers shssmaa ~
fair and eouffne ahr as-rarrz 60
SEQ words. and ErzGr @m aHmw ~halr
of the paper onis- ~iEnmamru mG
the writers Enusa mr~aHasans Ehr
letters and will hr Ffuiali~hea um-
less requested uaherNai~
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
CHRISTMAS, 1945

- For the first time in five years the peo-
40 e Monroe County will celebrate the
iovous Christmas season without the exist
o,co If 2 devastating war but with many
l,onoos missing the absent service man VINO
has not yet returned from the Soeh' -
battle.
Il is indeed a happy Christmas Tor the
nation recently emerged victorious from
the most threatening wars OF It's existence:
Tho fact that the scOurge OF conflict ala
not scar the continental area OF this country
does not mean that the hand OIL wal was
not heavy upon the land.
In celebrating the birth OF the Prince
of Peace the people of the United States
exhibit a broad tolerance that makes the
occasion festival for all people, regardless
of faith. The good humOr that prevails
the kindly sympathy for the unfortunate
and the boundless efforts to bring happl-
ness to boys and girls make the Christmas
seasons appeal universal
The day will be marked, as usual, by
RELIGIOUS services, the giving of gifts, the
exchange of salutatiOns and greetings, the
roerrinent of delighted children and the
- deep. if less exuberant, JOY OF those OF ma
: ture wears. Altogether it will be a day
a. of unusual happiness for millions OF people,
which is. after all, something worthwhile.
We hope that the good people of Mon
roe County will exhibit their traditional
concern for those who, because of variety
of reasons, might otherwise lack the es-
sentials of a happy occasion. Food and
other gifts, sent to unfortunate individuals,
typify the day that Christians celebrate
and give expression to the principles they
= espouse.
In expressing our hope that the read
ers of this newspaper will experience album
dant Joy on this happy occasion we must
take space to greet the absent men and
women of the community who remain over
seas. It is hard for them to be away from
home and loved ones, now that the war is
over. and it is just as tough on their loved
ones at home.
This unfortunate. if unpreventable,
situation will be remedied, we are sure, be-
fore another Christmas rolls around. At
the same time the disappointment should
be tempered by the realization that those
overseas. and in camps at home. serve the
cause we celebrate. Without their serv-
ices. and those of others now happily pres
emit the celebration of Christmas would
not now assume such splendid proportions.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19

President Truman has suggested plen-
ty of plans to put the Government in action.
Washington knows that Truman is trying
to help Congress put through some i'm
portant legislation that is needed to break
down this era of indecisiOn and get the
United States back on its hind less
blowing forward, instead of wasting more
time in speech-making.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1945-12-19
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Detroit.-The distiIation of al
coholic beverages from fermented
liquors became general through
out the whole of Europe during
the 10th and 18th centuries.