davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
President vedl narod " modlit-
be dikIcineni.

Minulou nedeli president a
jeho chot vedli narod v modlit-
bach dfkGcin6nf "a spojenecke
vitezstvi V dojemnych bohosluz
bach, konanych O 9. iodine We
vychodnlm pokoji Bfleho domu
Pr bohosluzbach, trvajfcfch
pGl hodiny, bylo prftomno ma
200 vysokych vojenskych, vlad-
Mich a kongresnlch v1dc1. We
dli je brigadnf general Luther
D. Miller a podadmiral Will
liam T. Thomas, nacelnfci ka-
plant armady a lodstva.
Vdova pc presidentu Wilso-
now a vdova pc Franku Knox
owl, sekretari lodstva, byly prf-
tommy, jsouce zvlaste pozvany
Mrs. F. d. Roosevelt nebyla s
to prijeti.
Smfseny pevecky sbor, sesta-
vajfcf z vojakd, namofnfkn, ma
rinu, Wacs a Waves, zpfval cir
kevnf hymny.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
SLAVNOST ODHALENf CSL.
VOJENSKEHO PRAPORU JIz
TUTO NEDELI.

Vsichni uprfmnf bratTi a ses-
try CeSi a Slovaci jsou zvani by
pTisli ma jedinecnou slavnost
Odhalenf Csl. Praporu, ktery
obdrzi 2. PEST pluk Ceskoslo-
vensk6 Armady. Tuto slavnost
poTada Slovenske Narodni
S%druzenf, Sbor els. 100 tuto ne
deli, 26. srpna V m1stnostech a
ma zahrad6 SLOW. Dem. Klubu
V Maryland6, 6526 Holabird
Ave. Mistnost Dude otevrena
jiz V l bod. odpol. a zacatek
programu je stanoven ma 4 no
dinu. Prftomni budou vyznam-
nj Tecn1ci a hoste. Bude take
spoluGcinkovati znama kapela
p. Jana Svitaka a syna.
Pc slavnosti Dude volna pTa-
telska zabava. O obcerstven1
je nalezit6 postarano vyborem
S. N. S.
Ma tuto slavnost pTijdou Slo-
vaci a CeSi z bl1zka i z dali -
toz pffjdte tam take Wy!
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
RusOve obsadili
Mandzurii.

Ruske armady vjely vftezne
DO velkych mandzurskych NEST
Hsinkingu, Mukdenu, Charbi-
nu a Moskva naznacila, re ia
ponci ukradena rise = ohrom-
ma zeme O 5O3,O13 ctverecnfch
mil a S vice jak $4,000, 900 oby-
vately = byla t6m6T celia oku-
povana Rudou Armadou. So
vetska ofensiva v Mandzurii tr-
vala 10 dn1. V teto dob6 Ru-
sove zajali kolem 200, 900 ia
pOnc1.
Hsinking ma p1l milion1 oby-
vatel a je s1dlem japonske lout-
kove vlady pro Mandzurii.
Mukden, ktere bylo hlavnfm
mestem al do roku 1885 ma
pres l million obyvatelG. Dobyti
Mukdenu je velkym zadostiuci-
nenlm pro Rusy, nebot u tohoto
mesta byly v roce 1905 poraze-
nj japonskou armadou.
Mesto Charbin bylo az do r.
1885 v drzeni Rust. Nachazi
Sc ma trait c1nske vychodnf dra-
by. Bylo stTediskem japonsk6
valecne vyroby v Mandzurii.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
K~ONGRESNfK
D~'ALESANDRO ODKLADA
CESTU DO EVROPY

Pan kongresnfk Tmohas D.
Alesandro, Jr., zaslal redakci
TELEGRAPH" statement, ktery
otiskujeme v ceskem pTekladu:
Doufal jsem, re budu moci
vykonati pTehlidku 1levovych
a rehabilitacnych problemG O.
svobozenych zemi Europe
(vGetne Ceskoslovenska) a ma
hl6dnouti do operaci UNRRA.
Ma zaklad6 teto navstevy pla-
noval jsem podati nasemu Kon-
gresu zpravu z prv6 ruky tax,
abychom vedeli, jakych krok1
je zapotrebf pro 1levu Evropy.
Vsechny plany pro tuto kon-
gresnf cestu byly vypracovany
a m6ly 1fedni pov6Teni. Avsak
udalosti posledniho tydne, ma
ifcf "a nasledek ukonceni val
ky, pfinesly takovou zmenu, re
jsem nucen v pfftomne dobe
odloziti toto vysetTovani V E.
vrop6. Avsak pevn6 doufam,
re az nal6hav6 probl6my bez-
prostfedn6 Kongresem budou
vyTfzeny, re podniknu cestu CO
MONA nejdf1ve.
Kongres byl svolan pTedcas-
ne a problemy mfru a zvlast6
rekonverse a zamestnanf je nej-
v6tsf d1lezitostf dneska.
Ponevadz jsem clenem APP
propriacnfho Vyboru a zapoc-
meme S vyslechy pred zaseda-
MIN Kongresu, rad6ji z1stanu
"a povinnost1 We Washingtonu
nez-li bych nyn1 podnikl vyse-
trovacf cestu do Evropy!
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Nova pstiletka k vyvoji prIGmy-
stu " Rusku " pIanu.

Rusko Dude provadeti novou
p6tiletku k povznesenf prGmy-
stu v letech 1916 az 1850, je-
JIM ucelem Dude vetsf v5voj
pr1myslu nez v pTedvalecnem
Rusku.
Instrukce byly dany pfislus-
nym organisac1m, ably vypraco-
valy vhodny plan.
Velky pokrok byl jiz prove
den v RECONSTRUCTED valkou zpu-
stosenych oblast1, ale 1loha je
teprve v pocatc1ch. Otazkou
je, jak vlada chce uskutecniti
diva programy najednou - re-
konstrukci a novy vyvoj prG-
myslu.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
MlStnl ZpraVy.
PRIJELI z

S lodi S. S. Thomas Barry
ktera zakotvila v New Yorku v
ned6li, 19. srpna pTijel Pfc. Jo-
sef FranCfk, 631 = E. 9th St.,
s lodi S. S. Gen. Black do Bos-
tonu 20. srpna Pfc. Igor Kar-
penko, 1920 Ramona Ave-, s
lodi Queen Mary, ktera zakot-
villa v New Yorku We stTedu, 22.
srpna: Sgt. Stephen R1ha, 534
Payson St., Pfc. Josef F. Turc,
704 E. Church St., a Pfc. Law
renee Panuska, 1920 Ashland
Avenue.
PTejeme vrativsim Sc vojlnGm
brzk6ho a radostneho shledani
Sc svymi milymi.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Japonsko Dude do
tydna obsazeno.

Manila. = Japonsti vyjedna-
vaci, ignorovani gen. Dougla-
sem Mac Arthurem pTijeli zpst
do Tokia pc "a hodinem pobyte
" hlavnim americkem stans "
Mantle, kde obdrzeli dalsi po-
drobne podminky ma kapitulaci
Japonska.
Japonska delegace poz1sta-
vala re 16 clenG, IL bylo v uni
forme a 4 v civilu a pTijela do
Manly v ned6li o 5:55 odpol.
(manilskeho casu). Vcele de-
legace byl gen. Tomasiro Ka-
waba, podvelitel japonskeho CT
safskeho hlavniho stanu. S ia
[ponci vyjednavali pobocn1ci
gen. MacArthura "a vedeni
gen. major Charles A. Will
loughby.
Gen. Macarthur uvedomil
japonskou vladu, re sam prize
de do Japonska v pr1vod6 spo-
jeneckeho vojska pozGstavaj1-
ciho z pozemnl namornl a letec
Ike armady. Zalezf ma pocasi
kdy Sc toto vylodenf uskutecni
Ocekava Sc, re kapitulacni lis
tiny budou podespany do pfis-
tho pondeli.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24

President Truman prijal v BIZ
lem dome predsedu Vsesvazo-
veho vykonneho vyboru SSSR a
v1dce delegace sovetskych Cd
borafdG ma navsteve Spojenych
Stat1. Vasilije Kuznecov byl
predstaven pFedsedou CIO, Phi
lipem Murrayem. Pozdeji byl
ma sovetskem velvyslanectvl u
sporadan banket ma pocest de-
legat1. Ma to delegace odces-
tovala DON'T letadlem.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Spojene Staty varuji Bulharsko

Spojen6 Staty varovaly bull
harskou vladu, ktera byla zfi-
zena pc vtrhnut1 ruskych vojsk
do Bulharska, ably pffsti volby
zbavila strachu a zastrasovani,
tax ably byly opravdu demokra-
tickle.
Statnf sekretar Byrnes dial
jasne ma jevo, re jinak Spojene
.Staty nepodep1sl m1rovou
smlouvu S t1mto byvalym vasal-
skym staten Nemecka.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Pred uzaverkou Telegraph"
dostali jsme smutnou zpravu o
nahlem 1mrtf krajana p. Emilia
Jettmara, 1888 Kennedy st.,
Washington, d. G. Pohfeb ko-
nal sc We ctvrtek.
Podrobnou zpravu pTineseme
v prfst1m elsie.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Rusko ratifikovalo mirovou
cartu.

z Moskvy Sc oznamuje, re
Presidium Nejvyssi Rady Sove-
tn provedlo 20. srpna ratifikaci
carly Spojenych Narod1 prija-
te ma konferenci v San Francis
ku.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24

Leteckou postou z Radnice u
Rokycan obdrzely dopisy kra-
,janka pf. Anna smrhova a jejf
dcera pi. Jirina Holland, APT
N. Curley st. Oba dopisy byly
cd p. Vaclava Blazka, post. u
Tednika = syna pf. Smrhove.
Pfse, re jsou vsechny jejf deti a
.jejich rodiny zivi a zdravi a te-
81 Sc zpravy cd maminky a ses-
try.
Krasny dopis v feci anglicke
obdrzela krajanka pf. Antonio
Markova. Psal il synovec p.
Ing. Josef Kocourek z Prahy-
Podolf. Vypisoval il svoje utr-
penf, kdyz jake student Ceske
Techniky "a listopadoveho ma
sakru byl zatcen Gestapem a
odvezen do koncentracniho ia
bora u Berlina, kde ztravil pri
tezke praci ID mesicn.
Kdyz byl propulsion, vratil Sc
do Prahy a pax do rodiste, kde
byl spoluobcany radostne pTi-
v1tan. Dale vypisoval osudy
prfbuznych - mnozf z mich jiz
nezijf.
Kde KIDD v c. S. r. ma radost
re znovu nabyte svobody = o.
vsem jsou nedostatky. Synovec
Sc test, re v budoucnu mu Dude
mono podivati Sc k teticce a
do Spojenych StatG.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
K Cetnym dOtaZ1m ctenar

K cetnym dOtaZum ctenaru
oznamujeme, re prazsky roz-
HAS vysila denne ma kratkych
vlnach pro Ameriku: cesky pull
hodinove zpravy v 10 hodin do
poledne ma vine 11.840 kilocy-
XIII a anglicky ctvrt hodiny
zprav a ctvrt hodiny p~roslovu
We tfi hodiny odpoledne new
yorskeho casu ma vine $500 XII
locyklI.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
cESKE VESNICKY BYL MI.
CEN ITALSKY RUMYS

CEN ITALSKY M
Praha. = Cd Protivfna pres
Vodnany a Bavorov do Pracha-
tic Je velmi dobre zali. V sedo-
modrych alpskych kosilfch a Sc
zelenou paskou s napisem Ces-
KY partyzan. Tito junaci YES
mes patfili k partyzanskemu
1tvaru, kteremu Sc Tfkalo sku-
pima Sumava II.
A nebylo jich malo. Bylo to
tr1 tis1ce bojovnfk1 a k tomu
stab Sc vsemi slozkami. Kdy a
Jak vznikl tento 1tvar? V roce
1910.
We dvou soused. mestech Vod-
nanech a Bavorech pnsobily ne
zavisle ma sobe dive partyzan-
ske skupiny. AZ do polovice
dubna letosn1ho roku O sobe ne
vedely. ze jejich clenove 81 ne
pr1sli tax dlouho vzajemne ma
stopu, to jen tim, re zatfm CO
bunka vodnanska sledovala u
koly zpravodajske a sabotazni,
mela bunka bavorska "a hlavnf
1kol nicit Poole smernic spoie-
neckeho veden1 valecny prH-
mysl v Italii.
Uni to podivne, ale doslova
tomu tax bylo. Prime vlaky,
Jedouc1 zamerne pro nejrozlic-
neJsi dGvody zastavovany v ma
lie stanici Cicenicich. Takova
nepatrna stanicka a prece Cd
tamtud pfichazela zkaza do i
talskych tovaren a ma valecne
lodi. We spolupraci s nadraz-
mimi zfizenci vkladali partyza-
nj mezi naklad vybusiny. Ty
pax sifily zkazu v italskych to-
varnach a v nekolika pTfpa-
dech pfinesly zkazu italskym
valecnym lodfm o tajemnych
vybusfch v italskych prnmyslo-
yych podniclch pronikly sveho
casu zpravy i do svetoveho It's
ku. Nikdo jiste 81 v te chvfli ne
pomyslil, re pocatek byl v ma
llcke stanicce Cicenicfch. A tax
z nevysvetlitelnych d1vodi no.
rely tax cetne nemecke vlaky.
Obycejne daleko "a hranicemi
byvaleho t. Nv. protektoratu ma
cest6 k fronte. Jine zIstavaly
stat uprostfed nejplnejsf jfzdy
Sc znicenymi lozisky, nektere
.vyletaly do vzduchu. Sotva KIDD
pomyslil, re to vsechno mohlo
zpusobit nekolik odvaznych ru-
kou ma osam6le stanici nedale-
ko Vodnan.
Jen az Sc zpracuje vsechen
bohaty material O cinnosti tech
to chlapc1, Dude videt, jak Cd
vazne zasahovali vsude, kde to
bylo potreba. Uloupili cessna
mum hezkou radku pusek a rue
mich granat1 z hlidaneho ne
meckeho skladiste. Prepadali
v roce 1914 nemeck6 jednotky
a odbirali jim zbrane. PAX Sc
Ike skupinam priclenila jest9
tfetf. Vsechny Sc spojily. V
cello postaven general Suchar-
da, plukovn1k Teringl a kapi-
tan Klimes. Dobre vysledky Sc
proJevily zvlaste v kvetnovych
dnech.
Boje, odzbrojovanf Nemc1,
pomahanf americkym i SOVIET
skym vojskGm, udrzovani po-
radku, z%ajistovanf narodnfho
majetku. Vyvrcholenim bojove
cinnosti bylo dobyti Prachatic,
ktere partyzan1m dovolilo We
lenl americkych vojsk v uznanf
jejich vydatnych sluzeb. Po-
chvalne Sc O mich vyjadrili veil
tele jak sovetskych tax i anne
rickych vojsk, kteTi s temi
ohlono; nN;X1; 10 c4xvL,,
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
POZDRAV Z

Dostali jsme pohlednici z O.
cean City, Md, s nasleduj1cfm
Obsahem:
"Pozdrav cd PaTfzku a Slip
saku. Piva je tady dosti. Po-
zdrav ma vsechny Sokoly a So
kolky."
D6kujeme obema rodinam "a
milOu vzpOminku.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
MA

Pc prijezdu z Evropy meska
ma 30ti dennf dovolene Cpl.
Frank Hubbard, manzel Kvety
Hubbard, 1921 Chesterfield A
venue. z navstevy tatinka ma
radost i mala dceruska May
Agnes.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Pro konferenci o svetovem
obchodu.

Winthrop w. Aldrich, presi-
dent Mezinarodnf obchodni ko
mory ucinil vyzvu, ably byla svo
lana conference svetoveho OBJ
chodu CO mono nejdflve a OBJ
noven byl obchod We svete mi
ru.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24

Znamy krajan Jerry J. Toula
iehoz stanoviste je Pearl Har-
Dor. Hawaii byl nedavno povy-
Sen ma Lieut.. (f. g. U. S. Navy
Reserve.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Admiral Halsey jiz obdrzel
darovane sedlo z Nevady.

Sedlo, ktere poslali admiralu
Halsey-mu jeho obdivovatele v
Reno, New, ably no pouzil Ike
sve chystane j1zde tokijskymi
ulicemi, bylo jiz dodano ma je-
no vlajkovou LODI u Japonska.
jak bylo odhaleno z department
tn lodstva.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24

Ministr armady Forde ozna-
mil, re vice nez 10000 austral-
skych vojakG Dude %dopraveno
do Japonska jake okupaen1
vojsko.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
PODMfNKY VZDANf Sc ia
PONSKA BUDOU PODEPSA-
NY RI. SRPNA

Druha svetova valka Dude
formalne ukoncena 81. srpna,
kdy gen. Macarthur Prime
vzdanf Sc Japonska " oblasti
Tokia. Obfady budou Sc kona-
ii pravdepodobne ma valecne
lodi Missouri" " Toxic Bay.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
HRDINA
" BEZPECf.

Lieut.. gen. Jonathan M. Vain
wright, galantn1 obhajce a mr.
dina Corregidoru, byl naloZen
zdrav skupinou americkych pa
rasutistd, kter1 pristali v sever
nj Cine. Gen. Wainwright ma
leza Sc jiz v bezpec1. Krone
neho bylo zachraneno nekolik
set americkych zajatcG mezi
mimi Lieut.. gen. James P. S. De-
vereux, velitel hrdinnych mari
.nakG, kteTi chranili ostrov
Wake a Maj. gen. M. Parker,
Jr., ktery byl take z obrancu
Filipin.
Zpravu O parasutistech vydal
brigadnf general George Ohm
stead, ktery vypracoval a Tidil
tyto Getty jiz uprostred cerven-
ce. Kazda ceta mela sest mu-
zI, vybranych z dobrovolnikG,
protoze znali sanitnf praci, sig
naly a cfnskou a japonskou rec.
Kazda ceta mela s sebou ra-
diovy pristroj a 500 liber lek1
a potravin jake praskove NILE
ko, susena zelenina a vitaminy.
JaponcIm bylo oznameno, v
cas-, re parasutiste jsou ma ces-
te a re jejich ucel je ciste hu-
mann1.
1t. general Wedemeyer, nej.
vyss1 velitel amer. vojsk v Cine
.Tekl, re celkem pomery v zaja-
teckych taborech byly mnohem
leps1 nez bylo ocekavano. Sc
zajatci bylo zachazeno dobTe a
pocet onemocnenf nebyl mad
merne vysoky.
Odhalil, re vojaci, kterf do
stall sc do tabora, v nemz byl
zajat general Wainwright, le-
tell LOO mil re Siamu v pro-
vincii sensi dine 16. srpna. Spu-
still sc k zemi o nekolik hodin
pozdeji. Jina z techto Get spu.
stila Sc 800 yard1 cd tabora v
Mukdenu, aniz Japonci il OBJ
tezovali. Wedemeyer pravf
"Zajatci jasali divoce. Byl tc
dabelsky hluk."
Vsichni clenove Get byli do
brovolnici a pravdepodobne
zadny z Mich nespustil Sc pa.
dakem pred tim. Nikdo neve-
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24
Jugoslavie ma 1,865,OOO
mrtvych " teto valce.

Belehradskym rozhlasem by
10 oznameno, re Jugoslavie
~ztratila 1865, 900 v t6to valce,
1870 V boj1ch s Nemci. N6mci
zajali 1850 jugoslavskych vo-
jakG a odvezli 100000 civilist16
do zapadn1ho N6mecka.
Telegraf. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1909-1951, 1945-08-24

del, jak6ho prijeti Sc jim dosta-
ne a wall ma sebe nebezpecf,
jez vyzadovalo velkeho hrdin-
stvi, poznamenal Wedemeyer.
Japonci Burms kladou
tuhy odpor.
Japonske vojsko, ktere stojf
prot anglicke IL. armada, do
sud nejev1 zadne chuti vzdat
Sc. Soudf Sc, re vzdanf Dude
provedeno teprve az nejvyss1
japonske authority podepfsf do
kument o vzdani.
Japonci dosud pokousejf Sc
prekrociti feku Sittang, ably Sc
mohli zachraniti do Thailandu.
Ma teto fece ztratili nedavno
$4,000 mrtvych a zajat1ch.
Ad-daleel., 1945-02-14

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3Ai-3 IS ~ ~, j. 5JLa, rJeN
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Ad-daleel., 1945-02-14

yxN @,u' ~vcy
*G, tJl ~ 3l,s IS sJl 3A cA4I4
+Jl ~ s 1I;~Jl o;l,Jl t2~, GJl
~ .4osJ VI " oyul - l 3B
81 oI, w oG ~ 49, L
-Dl---,
-Jl -A-JI $751; ~ul g1NoB
L IS L.. IS l y
AUlILyl@ ;lJ) yLN IJ|5D
>; 80, 4 -aN ~ I,- VII y
-Nl ~. s. ~ u.Jl
AS "a. 81 y, IcN S@y
So, sLJI s.L.
Evening star., 1945-08-26

was not any particular intractabil-
ity or pure cussedness on the part OF
individuals, nor was it clashing per-
sonalities. The trouble was faulty or
ganization and the chief fault in organ
ization was the total lack of what the
military people have created in their
own staff work.
Some Americans were inquisitive
enough to search out the explanation of
unity, on the surface at least, between
the higher-level representatives of the
British government. A partial explana-
ton lay in the machinery Of British
policy making and administration. And
while there are differences between the
American and British systems of gov
ernment which prevent precise applica-
ton of one method of operation to the
other, some of the underlying principles
Of certain British methods could be very
well adopted in the functioning of our
own executive branch, especially in re-
lation to the consideration of the brand
new problem of future national de-
fense.
Boer War Taught Lesson.
During the Boer War the central ex-
ecutive power of the British Empire was
In the hands Of a cabinet consisting of
about 20 ministers, who met without any
record being kept of their proceedings
and without any method of co-ordinat-
ing their various activities. ct is in
teresting to note here that our own
cabinet keeps no minutes or other
records OF its meetings. AS one White
House attache wryly remarked, the
absence of such records is one thing
that puts such high monetary value
on memoirs of cabinet members) The
lack of coordination between the Brit
ish cabinet ministers became SO ap-
parent during the Boer War that after
Its close remedial steps were taken.
The first and most important one of
these was the creation Of Committee of
Imperial Defense, the need for which
was based on the argument that while
Britain was -eminently great naval,
Indian and colonial power, there are,
nevertheless, no means for co-ordinating
defense problems, or for dealing with
them as a whole. We are driven
to the conclusion that no measure of
War Office reform will avail, unless it
is associated with provisions for OBJ
tanning and co-ordinating for use of
the cabinet all the information and the
expert advice required for shaping ra-
tional policy in war, and for determin-
ing the necessary preparations in peace"
Situation Like Ours Today,
The situation in Britain at that time
was not unlike that which exists in our
own Government today. There is no
recognized machinery for co-ordinating
defense planning throughout the whole
Government establishment, and SUCH
Evening star., 1945-08-26
State Department Undergoes
Second Face Lifting in Year
Byrnes Seeks to Bring About Reorganization of
Functions to Meet Responsibilities of
Postwar Era
Bv Constantine Broavn

The old and sedate State Department
is in the process of having its face
lifted for the second time within a
year
Before going to Potsdam, Secretary of
State Byrnes directed group of officials
of the Budget Bureau to make a COM
plete survey of the State Department
and report to him about the best ways
and means to bring about a reorganiza-
ton of functions for postwar RESPONSE
bilities.
Most observers who have been in
contact with the State Department for
many years feel that there is nothing
fundamentally wrong with the present
organization, which can function eff
GENTLY or otherwise depending on the
men at its head. The RANK and file of
the personnel at home and abroad con-
tains good material, which can be made
to do efficient work provided the lead
ership is good.
Many of the men in the higher and
middle echelons have been described
in the so-called liberal circles as Fascist
minded There is little evidence that
this is true 1t is true that before the
Rogers bill was enacted, only the sons
of the wealthy families could hope to
make career of diplomacy.
Today, and particularly since the war,
the question of wealth and blue blood
no longer is qualification for ad-
vancement in the American foreign
service. In fact, there are relatively
few men among the career diplomats
who can boast of a sizable. private
income. Even the old "cliques" formed
for self-advancement have now dis
appeared
Afraid of Losing Jobs.
The main trouble with the foreign
service officials at home and abroad is
that when they have served a certain
number of years in this work, which
precludes them from qualifying in any
other business, they are afraid of losing
their jobs and become more subservient
to their superior officers. This frame
of mind compels most of them to think
like to hear and the reports they pre-
sent have little constructive value since
the majority have adopted a Charlie
Mccarthy point of view.
The heads of the various divisions
in the State Department and the coun-
sellors and secretaries abroad stick their
wet fingers out to find out how the
wind is blowing in the White House or
in the Secretary of States Office. And
when this is ascertained they proceed
to regulate their thinking to that of
their top-ranking superiors. AS a rule
the reports from abroad conform with
what is expected to please Washing
ton," while within the State Depart
ment some Of the younger and more
able men who are thinking in terms
of promotion have "yessing complex"
to please their seniors.
This reporter knows of many such
cases. For instance, some time ago an
able, far-seeing officer had definite
Evening star., 1945-08-26
By B. NJ. McKeIncay,
Associate Editor Of The Star.

which war of global proportions could
never have been so well fought.
But perhaps an even greater accom-
plishment lay in the creation and per-
formance of the Combined Chiefs of
Staff, enabling the British and Ameri-
cans to fight together as one force. It
Is to be hoped that the story Of this
agency some day will be written and a
journal of its proceedings made availa-
BILE. For in its operation it typified a
perfection in teamwork (Which Is the
objective of sound staff organization)
that might be regarded as a model for
cooperative, co-ordinated effort.
It's successful functioning was not due
to any absence of differences of opin-
ion. There were plenty of these, and
some OF its sessions are reported to have
been so acrimonious that all save the
principals had to leave the room. Its
success was due to its ability to reconcile
these differences of opinion, to thrash
them out until agreement was reached
and then to stick to the policy adopted.
Winston Churchill is a dominant per-
sonality. But while he might have bull
dozed his own military people. even Mr..
Churchill-whose original consent was
necessary before it came into being
could not successfully buck the Com
bined Chiefs of Staff, once it had agreed
on policy. Nor could Mr. Roosevelt.
From the outset of their relationships,
one thing that impressed the Americans
in their dealing with the British was
that the British always seemed to know
the policy of their government; each
representative of the British military
or civilian agency involved seemed
familiar with what British representa-
tives of other agencies were doing and
they all seemed to be in agreement on
what was being done.
Civil War Among Agencies.
BY contrast, each head of an American
civilian war agency. especially in the
early days of the war, seemed to be
singularly preoccupied in padding his
own canoe. When one of them came in
conflict with another, the headlines next
day would proclaim the news of an
other clash on the civilian front. Their
squabbles were eternally getting into
the headlines evidently because they
preferred to talk with reporters rather
than to each other. Settling their diff
ferences. in the newspapers rather than
in council seemed to be the method
most capable of bringing results. The
ceaseless civil war of this type in Wash
ington reached one memorable climax
when Henry Wallace publicly took on
Jesse Jones, and vice versa, a row that
was settled by another reorganization
OF Government agencies which led,
eventually to still another reorganiza-
tion and eventually will lead to an
other
The basic cause of these rows probably