davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
Trojons Trounce
Vols rs to O

PASADENA, Calf, Jan. 2. CUP)-
The Southern California Trojans
held two Rose Bowl victories over
Tennessee Tuesday after whipping
the Volunteers 25 to 0 before a
crowd of $4,000 fans in Mondays
classic.
1t was the second time that the
Vols suffered a shutout at the hands
of the Trojans-they were beaten IA
to in 1940-but they proved they
were a fighting outfit from the first
touchdown until the final gun.
Even Coach Jeff Cravath of
Southern California was quick to
say so.
"All Tennessee needed was expe-
rience," he said. They were well
coached and drilled. We looked
worse during the first half than
I've ever seen us look"
FOUGHT LIKE FIEND
Bus Stephens, the Knoxville fresh
man, fought like fiend. He cculdn
carry his team to victory alone
but he made all the things the
southern sportswriters said about
him come true. He lugged the ball
Is times and averaged just notch
short Of six yards a try against one
of the country's heaviest lines and
cagiest backfields.
He missed only three plays during
the entire game in Cne quick trip
to the bench.
1t was Stephens kick, the first
of the day, that Jim Callahan
blocked and scooped up to make
it 6 to O, but Stephens came back
a couple of minutes later with a 32-
yard run from the shadow OF his
own goal posts to put the ball in
midfield. Then he heaved a long
pass to Allen Law, substitute half
back. on the Trojan 10, but an Off
side penalty called it back.
Like the first, Troy's final touch
down was a thriller, with the ball
still in the air en- route from Cap
tain Jim Hardy to young MacLach-
Ian over the goal line as the gun
went off. A 22-yard toss from Hardy
to end Paul Salata in the end zone
gave the Trojans their second tally
TROJAN HERO
Hardy was the Trojan hero. After
a sleepless night with a stomach
ailment and a fever of 101, the
triple-threat quarterback sparked
his team all afternoon, flipping
passes that caught Tennessee flat
footed, slanting three punts out of
bounds beyond the Volunteer 10
yard line, making one touchdown
himself, and completing two pay
eff passes for his 10th of the season
and new Southern California rec
ord It broke by one the mark Rus
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
Farmer Nabs Two
kazi Prisoners

PHOENIX, AriZ., Jan. 2. (UP)-
The capture of two German prison.
ers of war by a farmer reduced
Tuesday to II the number of prison.
ers still at large after 25 staged a
Christmas Eve break from the
Papago Park camp near here.
FBI Agent H. r. Duffey announc-
ed that w. S. Cooper, a farmer
caught Naval Captain Hans Warner
KrausS and Seaman Helmet Dres-
cher Monday night near Casa Gran
&c, IS miles southwest of here.
The 25 prisoners fled the camp
after digging a 200-foot tunnel.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
K. A. LIVHSFOCK

Los Angeles, Jan. 2. (UP)-
Cattie-Salable. 5000: steady to p
cents higher. Two loads good to choice fed
steers. S1635; medium to good steers,
S14. .0o-14.75; Mexican. S12. 75-13.75; good
hcifers to S1450; medium cows. S11o0-
ills: cutter to common. S.50-10 90;
Gamers, S6.50-7.25; bulls, S11.50 down.
CalvesSalable 500; mostly steady; me-
dium to choice heavy calves. S14. .00-14 IS !.
few vealers, $500.
Hogs-Salable, 500; steady; good $50 to
2d0 pounds. S15T5; medium to good sows,
S13o0-13.50.
Sheep-Salable. none; good TO choice
wooled lambs quoted S14.50-15.50.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02

sell Saunders set back in 1929.
Southern California capped pow
erhouse 73-yard drive reminiscent
of the best days of the laundering
Herd with a touchdown as the
fourth period opened, marching the
distance in 10 plays. Hardy packed
the ball over from the 11-yard line
and Pat West made the days only
conversion.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
Tulsa Marks Up
2b 10 II Win

MIAMI, Fla, Jan. 2. (UP)-Tul-
sa's Golden Hurricane balanced its
bowl book" Monday with a glor-
ious 26 to IL revenge victory over
Georgia Tech in the Orange Bowl,
which squared accounts for the loss
suffered to the same team in the
1914 Sugar Bowl game.
Staging the first football upset
of 1945, before 10000 fans the Tul-
sans struck for a touchdown in the
first four minutes and left no doubt
thereafter that they would conquer
the willy Engineers without diff
Guilty.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
MEXICANS SWAMPED

Ell PASO, Tex, Jan. 2. CUP)-
Southwestern University had two
consecutive sun Bowl victories to
its cre6it Monday, after swamping
Mexico National university $50 in
the International New Years Day
classic.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
THREE SUFFER INJURIES
WHEN AUTOS COLLIDE
r-o17~r---------=~y-r-

Shortly after p. m. Sunday two
cars collided mile and a half west
of Mt. Signal store southwest of Ell
Centre on highway 96. Three per-
sons suffered injuries. One sedan
was driven by Lloyd Jameson Glib
son, 26, CaleXico, and the other by
Salvador Miranda, Mexicali. The in
jured included Gibson, Mario AL
fonso Miranda, 18 months, and Jal.
Doe Miranda, Is, highway patrolme6
said. They were treated at the COW
ty hospital. t.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
Duke 0vercon1es
AIabamans

NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 2. CUP)-
The offensive splendor of two great
football teams, playing every min
ute as if their collective lives de-
pended upon victory, gave football
fans material for months of con-
versation MonCay il an aftermath
to Dukes 20 to 26 triumph over
Alabama in the most colorful re-
newal of the Sugar Bowl series.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
L. a. &IfHH2

Los Angeles. Jan. 2. (UP)-Stocks turned
upward Tuesday in strong trading of TO-
500 shares on the Los Angeles stock ez-
change with II issues up, five down and
six unchanged.
The list: Transamerica 200 at 11h, up
u; Pacific Gas and Electric common 100
at 34s4, down II Southern California Edi-
son common 100 at 26M, unchanged: Sin
clair 200 at 15%. unchanged; Union Oil
100 at 20ss, up * Cessna 100 at SIS. un-
changed; LaneWells 200 at 13lk. up Il :
Menasco 800 at 1.60, up 10; Ryan 100
at 95s. down II; Solar 100 at 14A =
down AZ
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02

Eggs: Wholesale prices consumer grade
Large, Grade A Sd, Grade B 45-47; me-
dunn. Grade A 10; small, Grade A 43.
Retail prices to consumer (carton) !:
Large, Grade AA 67-6s; Grade A 65-66:
Grade B 1886; medium, Grade AA Co.
Grade A $3.50; small, Grade A 52-54.
Candled graded eggs to retailer s
Cases: Large. Grade AA 81, Grade A
55. Grade B 1913; medium, Grade AA so,
Grade so; small. Grade A.
Butter: Grade AA 43. Grade A 42H,
Grade 42h, Grade 41A; cooking
grade 4014; no grade, 36iz.
Poultry at ceilings.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
West Wins Tilt
In Upset:
One Man Shines

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 2. CUP
Bob Waterfield, termed by many the
bust" of the 1914 collegiate football
season, was the toast of the town
Tuesday as a result of his brilliant
punting, passing and running eX-
hibition which led the West to a
1877 upset victory over the East in
the Goth annual Shrine benefit
game Monday.
Waterfield, only good enough to
make most second all-coast teams
this year after being touted as the
best in the west for his play at
UCLA before entering the service,
was nothing short of sensational
as he spanked the West to victory
before $1,000 fans.
SPECTACULAR PUNTS
Besides packing the pigskin 13
yards around end for the winning
touchdown, brilliant Bob also turned
in some of the most phenomenal
punting ever seen on any gridlron.
He kicked five times with an aver
age of 58.8 yards per kick.
On top of that he had one kick
that went 81 yards-mostly in the
air. Another gained nearly rs yards.
1t was his great toe work that saved
the West from a slaughter during
the first half, when the East scored
it's only touchdown.
The East made its initial touch
down in the first four minutes OF
play when Frank DanceWicz Tipped
a pass to Jack Mead, the wisconsin
end for a 34-yard gain and a touch
down. Tom Hughes, Purdue kicking
specialist, toed the point and the
East led, 10.
The East generally was in COM
mand of things for the rest of the
half, but the West started clicking
in the third period and then COL
lected both touchdowns in the
fourth frame.
40-YARD MARCH
The first came when Bob Ken
nedy. formerly of Washington State
anu llOW VI bllC " AAAA OAS W.
plunged over from the 13-yard
stripe after Hall, Dick Ottele, Wash
ington, and Laverne Merritt, Ala
media Coast Guard, had carried the
brunt CT the burden on a 4O-yard
march.
However, Jim Kekeris, the $50
pound tackle from Missouri, had his
conversion attempt partly blocked
and the East still led, 7-6.
Then, with the time fading fast
Waterfield and Co. put on a brilliant
45-yard drive that failed on the
four-yard line when Kennedy fun
bled. Bob Kelly. Notre Dame, kicked
out, but the West pounded right
down the field again, with Water
field passing to Howell for 28 Then
on lateral, Waterfield took the
ball from Kennedy and skirted end
from the 13 for the winning touch
down. Kekeris kicked the extra
point, with just four minutes OF
| time remaining.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
CERTIFIEs BARGAINING UNIT

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2. UP)-
The National Labor Relations Board
Tuesday certified the Engineers and
Architects Association of Southern
California as collective bargaining
representative for engineering en-
ployes at Lockheed Aircraft, Bur-
bank, California.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
CHICAGO GRAIN

Chicago. Jan. ?. UP)-Grain futures
ruled strong in brisk dealings on the
board of trade Tuesday. Wheat prices
rose to new seasonal highs. Deferred de-
liveries of corn, September oats and Win
nipeg May rye also established seasonal
records.
Wheat was up l to 2A cents a bushel;
corn up pa; oats up rs to 224 rye up
la to 2h and barley up cents.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
FARMER HURT IN CRASH

Pete Rivera, So, Heber farmer,
blamed a faulty steering gear for
the Wreckage of pickup truck he
was driving on Ross avenue half
a mile east of the Dogwood canal
near El Centro at 7::3O p. m. Sunday.
He was treated at the county hos
pital for injuries.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
POULTRY &c EGGS

OULTHl ..ICES. tAI POINTS Imperial
Valley Ora Maximum set Oct. u, 1943.)
First pCtce-At ranch to wholesaler or re-
taller. Second price-Delivered to whole
saler or retailer. Third price-At ranch
to consumer:
Broilers. Lsghorns. rrGer 2k lbs, 3Oc,
roasters, all weights, 2ac: fowl, Leghorn,
all weights 35hc: colored, all weights
Shc: ducks all sizes 25c; rabbits. under
B lbs, 22-24c.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-01-02
LOGAN FUf'1ERFAT
MPES. FLAX FUTURES
l.. n. aAT

Los Angeles, Jan. .. UP)-
Alfalfa hay, comparable TO L. s. No l
without certificate, $50. 00-32. 90; U. S.
No. 2, green or U. S. No. . leafy, SIS. 90
$500; U. S. No. ?. SD Oo-24.OO.
Grain hay unchanged.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10

Above: Collared style in
blue or tcirosc RIB Knit. In
,0lD. medium or large
Akc4. ~ S2.95
kNII LINCERIE--Ffffb
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
Reuther and RomneY
To Debate Thursday

Walter Reuther. UAW-CIO vice
president, and George Z. Rnmney,
general manager of the Automo-
bile Manufacturers Association,
will engage IN radio debate
Thurs day on the question:
"Should Industry Grant Labor $
Demands for a 30 Per Cent Wage
Increase? ?"
The debate will be carried by
the American Broadcasting Co.
network. and WJR, Detroit, from
s 30 10 40 p. m.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10

own store when he is finally re-
leased from Percy Jones Hospital.
Wounded in France last year,
Milburn has already lost b o I h
HANDS and wears a silver plate in
the roof of his mouth. He is still
fighting to save his badly injured
right leg. -.
Hal Newhouser and Virgil
Trucks will be on stage at the
theater that night 10 sell base
balls used in the World Series.
Night club personalities will in
clude Beatrice Kay, Billy Mea-
CHER and Jimmy Ferrells or
CheStra.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
Red Cross Ia End
Foreign Inquiries

The foreign inquiry service OF
the Red Cross viii be discon-
tinued Monday and its work
taken over by a group Of organ
iZations set up for locating dis
placed persons abroad Mrs. Har-
old r. Boyer chairman of the
Red Cross service, announced to-
day.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10

after Friday
night.
p r oc G e d S
from a stage
and scre e n
show TO be held
in the Carmen
T h e er in
Dearborn will
be added to the
growing fu n d
which will en-
able the 25-
year-old veter-
an TO omen his
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10

A $4,000 Accident Insurance
policy for only soc payable each
o months, protection available
ONLY to new or old regular
daily home delivered Detroit
Times subscribers. Dial Cherry
$500 for additional Information.
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
Show 10 Back
Vet S Dreams

Pfc. Alsey Milburn's dreams of
q grocery store of his own are 60
ing to be step closer TO reality
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
.~~~~~N-DsfroIt Ti1ss.~~~~>~
Honor Roll
!: M Official
/: n Casualty
/. Us List

In all cases the next of kin
have been notified and have been
kept informed of any change in
status ..
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
ARMY LIBERATED
JAPANESE CAMPS

AVERY, PVT. HARRISON L.-Brother OF
Miss Marion ClaLeT, Saginaw.
BALTZER, CPL. ROBERT L.-Son Of Ed
ward NJ Baltker Ludlngton
BURNS, SiSGT. HAROLD k.-Brother Of
MrS. Viola Kaiser. Haslett.
DAHN, PVT. WILLIAM E.-SOn Of Mrs.
Lillian Dahn. LAchine
FoOTE, PVT. HENRY M--son OF Rolla
Enough Foote Leslie
CALARDI, PVT. FRED v.-son Of Mrs.
CeoTgina Calardi. Jackson.
GORDON, S. SGT. JACK R-Son OF DR..
C. n Gordon. Sir Lakes.
HARRISON. SfSGT EUGENE L-Brother OF
Mrs Marjorie McGurk. Horton
KILCREN. CPL. JACK A.-SOn OF Mrs.
Ethel Fisher Sagola
NoRD, SGT. GEORGE P.-s0n Of Mrs.
Agnes kord. Mount Norris
PICKARD. PVT wlLBERT J.-son Of Mrs.
Harriet Picksrd. Dawson,
sACAsH, CPL CHARLES D.-son Of Mrs.
Ann SagASh, Saginaw.
SLACK. PVT ORLANDO R-Brother OF
Miss Inex Slack Battle Greek
sOMERs. set. ARTHUR J.-Son of Mrs.
Lillian SOmer. DAnsyille
TINKER. isT 1T. FRANK A.--son OF
Carl c Tinker LApeer.
.~~ Tuesday, Oct. 9, I9%S '>~
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
OUTSTATE
ARMY DEAD

HESS, PFC. JAMES C.-Son of Mrs. Opal
ID. Helss, Flint.
WILKINS-cPL. HARRY {. JR.-SOn Of
Mrs. Ella wilkins, Lansing.
WINANS. s(sGT. DELBERT R.--son Of
Mfs. LauIe Wiuank Rattle Greek
Detroit evening times., 1945-10-10
Look Warmly Toward Winter
Wear Young, Pretty
KNIT PAJAMAS
Styled by Vanity Fair
Styled by Vanity Fair

Comfort-aden cotton knit that lets you slip softly
into slumber; and that's conducive to sweet
dreaming. Trinity tailored, slipover styles from
collection of warm knits on Hudson's Fifth Floor.
Detroit evening times., 1945-09-02

College in the Hope That She Could Help hhn
Plan Crimes but the Police Were Against III.
tor burglary and sharing the cell g. in block z.
First they dug out a square in the lower part
of a wall in their CELL covering the hole with
removable wooden frame plaStered and painted
TO match the rest of the wall Behind the false
wall they sank shaft. This operation alone re-
quired months of careful and noiseless work, since
they could dig only at night between inspections.
They disposed of most of the surplus earth,
mostly fine sand, by flushing it down the toilet
in their cell. From the shaft they dug tunnel,
about two feet in diameter, leading under the
wall and then upwards to an exit on spot that
was out of the vision of the tower guard. They
shored up the tunnel against slides and they even
installed electric lights by tapping the plug In
their cell TO illuminate the tunnel
The Job finished, they timed the escape for
breakfast on April 3. Just after breakfast time
il is customary for the inmates 10 wash their own
dishes; and during the process there is a lot of
confusion, talk and milling around. Taking advan-
tage of this hUbbub the y men slipped into cell
6S and faded down the shaft
A ND on the other end of the prison wall, man
~ living near the prison saw the men popping
out of the ground like moles that sent him scurry-
ing to the phone. Others, passing along Fair
mount Avenue, also witnessed the escape.
In matter of seconds the wailing of sirens
shattered the early morning quiet
The prisoners however, wriggled out in time.
But they made one slip in their otherwise perfect
plan. Armed only with knives and steel files, they
had made no arrangements for outside help Once
outside, il each man for himself.
All of them were rounded up and are now
back behind bars
Prison officials are constantly rackng their
brains to install devices TO Outsmart the
schemes of convicts eager 10 escape. In some
jas each convict is automatically "frisked" by in
visible light rays as he passes in and out of the
mess hall, prison shop. through other strategic
spots. The ray detects any weapon that may have
been concealed and sounds an alarm
In spite of all such scientific precautions. es-
capes will go on, most authorities admit, as long
as the desire for freedom prevails in man.
Detroit evening times., 1945-09-02
no

a few 4aye later he died" !"
Adams had made a will M
directing that. one William 4
Dunn bc permitted 10 dis ~
pose of his body in case OF I'm
death The prison doctor ~
having certified Adams ~
death. Dunn called for the III
remains and Adams was ~
officially Inferred in q GENE
teFy vault OF February II,
1904 From there. with the
help OF confcdetatcs, he Is.
capped later.
Stanley Hilton Thurston.
Britain's modern Robin
Hood who stole from the
wealthy and said he was
Mmpy when he could give
Of his loot TO those
VINO needed il. is a crack
jailbreaker who used meth
DDS clever and cunning be-
cause of their comparative
simplicity
Thurston escaped from
five British jailS. and his ''z
last exploit In l94l was slip
ping out from Dartmoor, y. IT.,
the escape proof prison. crs {
,re. To i
PleNIO,iS esCdPe Hoih Up Il
ii'S' PC"i III 'Soii NdS such
classic. One morning he .s
somehow got out of his cell steal
and dropped over the prison
wall in his underwear. He
timed his exit 10 Join a team OF
~ runners who were in the habit OF
the prison at the same time every
Thurston, in his undershirt, fell
athletes and trottcd 20 freedom.
He pulled the same stunt at the
but this time he joined a group
soldiers At Arundel Prison he loci
in his cell. took his keys and simp
The authorities never could figu
got out OF his Dartmoor cell. Dun
ing inspection one day. his cell wa
although the double doors were ]
window bars were intact. But Il
how he got over the wall.
ThurSton had taken one Of the n
lying around in the yard as protect
raids, tied a rope TO II and threw II
Using the bag as CounterWcight,
wall and dropped TO freedom on
under cover OF mist II took Scot
months 10 catch up with him in l.
The master mind of the recer
jailbreak, William Sutton, better kl
Willie" once before used a clever
20 skip out of the Eastern State P'
On that occasion, Willie somcho
ok~n duplicate keys 10 his cell
~ gate. Then he made an ast
IKE plaster mask and hand of hin
with human hair and cigarette whi
10 place in his bed and fool the
getaway night. But the clever dec
covered in time, and the attempt f.
Three other attempts since he
20 life for a bank robbery in 1884
he had succeeded in escaping from
1882 and was a veteran in planning
Detroit evening times., 1945-09-02

At time Willie planned to send his sweet
heart, Irene SadvaTy, high school graduate, to
college in the hope he might induce her to serve
his assistant in crime-but that, too, came TO
naught, thanks to the police
His latest escape, the result of careful plan
ming, engineering skill and limitless patience. al
most succeeded. He did get out OF the prison.
but he was reCapturCd shortly after.
Slick Willie and the other II prisoners escaped
through a tunnel 96 feet long. leading go feet un
der the prison wall to the lawn on top of the
retaining wall on Fairmouut Avenue. just east of
the guard tower.
The remarkable engineering feat was accom-
plished with crude tools, including trowei, pairing
knives and a handmade pick by WilIie's two
chief aides Klnedinst and Russell, both convicted
Detroit evening times., 1945-09-02

Irene Sadvary
Slick Willie,
Her Sweet
heart, Wanted
to Send Her to-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-10-12
U. NJ W. HOLD
CONVENTION
in BILLINGS

The eighteenth biennial convention
of District 27, United Mine Workers
of America was held in Billings on
September 27-29.
Resolutions adopted by the dele
gates included opposition to the Ball
Burton-Hatch bill, approval of the
Murray-Patman full employment bill,
and a demand for special session of
the Montana legislature to enact legis-
lation increasing weekly unemploy-
ment benefits.
The convention approved and urged
passage of H. R. 7, the anti-pon tax
bill and the fair employment practice
tween labor and veterans groups and
condemned Westbrook Pegler for his
efforts to create disunity between or
ganized labor and veterans in the fol-
lowing resolution: {. we, the dele
gates to the Eighteenth Biennial Con-
stitutional Convention by resolution go
on record as expressing utter con-
tempt for the sewer rat of the yellow
press for his unwarranted attacks
upon organized labor, made for the
purpose of creating friction between
the returning veterans and the work
ers of organized labor"
Resolutions expressing appreciation
of the membership for the work OF
President John Lewis and District
President w. A. Boyle were also
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-10-12
Clio JOINS PETITION
DRIVE BY MvA COMM.

OMAHA, Neb.-The drive for a Mis-
souri, Valley Authority has gathered
momentum with Clio Political Action
Committee leaders joining with other
labor and farm groups in supporting
the mass petition campaign, which
MVA leaders hope, will bring to Con-
gress the signatures of 100000 resi-
dents of the Missouri Valley area who
are backing the MVA legislation.
Left Erickson, chairman of the Re-
gional Committee for the MVA, ON his
way to Washington to testify before a
senate committee on the bill, met with
CLIO state industrial union council of
ficers, regional directors, international
union representatives and PAC off
ciaIs to coordinate CLIO support of
the drive.
The MVA legislation, one of the key
points on the CLIO legislative program,
would pave the way to thousands of
additional jobs besides developing the
land to it's fullest capacity.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-10-12

CHICAGO. (NAC) - The American
farmer, through cooperative action,
is doing a good job of building a fl
nancially sound agricultural industry.
More and more clearly, says a state
ment from the National Association
of Co-operatives, this well founded
truth is emerging from the discus
sions, pro and con that in recent
months have ragged around the farmer
co-operatives.
That the famrer co-ops have not de-
waited materially from their original
function of serving farmers, fruit
grower and the like, as congress orig
inally planned it, the statement con-
tinues, is definitely demonstrated by
figures covering co-operatives market
ing and manufacturing enterprises,
lately submitted from various sources
for consideration by business men
Farmers, who once had little or no
voice in the disposal of the food and
fiber they produce, these figures show,
now control through their co-opera-
tives, the marketing of 20 per cent of
all commodities coming from the farm.
Dairy farmers alone, whose market
ing co-ops according to one tabula-
ton, handled business volume OF ST.
2O3 5000 during the 1943-44 season,
now control rs per cent of all fluid
milk marketed in the United States.
Equally impressive percentages are
cited for such other farm crops as
citrus and other fruits, grains, veget-
ables, rice, ETC., whose movement from
the farm into commercial channels is
comparatively regulated by the farm
ers themselves.