davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-09
Purposes and Principles

The United Nations Charter is
both a binding agreement to pre-
serve peace and to advance human
progress and a constitutional docu-
ment creating the international
machinery by which nations can
cooperate to realize these purposes
in fact.
The purposes of the United Ma
tions are: The maintenance of in
ternational peace and security; the
development of friendly relations
among nations based on respect fol
the equal rights and self-determi-
nation of peoples; cooperation ir
solving international problems Of
an economic, social, cultural ano
humanitarian character and in pro-
noting respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms for all
Members. of the organization are
pledged to carry out in good faith
the obligations of the Charter. They
are pledged: To settle their dis
putes peacefully in such way that
international peace and security
and justice are not endangered; not
Evening star., 1945-07-09

Charter provides that the Secretary
General and the staff of the Inter-
national Secretariat shall not seek
or receive instructions from any
government or from any other au-
thority" and shall be responsible
only to the organization, so that they
may be international civil servants.
..
TX.
These, gentlemen-in summary
are the main provisions of the
United Nations Charter. In my re-
port to the President you will find
a much fuller exposition. The
Charter is not, of course, perfect
instrument. I am sure 1t will be
improved with time as the United
Nations gain experience in its ap-
plication. But I believe 1t offers
to the United States and to the
world truly effective instrument
for lasting peace.
The purposes and principles OF
the Charter are those in which the
great majority Of the human race
believe. The principal agencies
which it will create--the agency
for law enforcement, the public
meeting, the Court of Justice and
the center for economic and social
progresS-are those which all self
governing peoples have developed
and learned to use in their own
affairs. The powers given to these
instruments in the international
field are those with which the most
thorough possible consideration has
shown the nations are now ready
to endoW them.
Leads to Highest Advancement.
In short, the course which is
charted by this document is one
which I believe to be within the
capacity of the nations at this
period of world history to follow and
it is a course which leads in the
direction of our highest aspirations
for human advancement in a world
at peace.
I believe our experience at San
Francisco offered convincing
demonstration that this Charter
can be made to work. Much has
been written about the disagree
ments at San Francisco. Actually
the area of agreement was always
vastly directed to the differences
among us because neither the five
major powers, nor the committees
of the Conference, took up their
time on all those matters, about
which they were already in agree
ment. What was significant about
the Conference was this-the differ
ences were resolved and a Charter
for a strong and effective organiza-
ton was unanimously adopted. I
believe the five major nations
proved at San Francisco beyond
the shadow of any doubt that they
can work successfully and in unity
with each other and with the other
United Nations under this Charter.
In that firm belief I have come
to testify before you today in favor
of ratification of the Charter by
the Senate of the United States.
No country has a greater stake than
ours in a speedy beginning upon the
task of realizing in fact the prom
ise which the United Nations
Charter offers to the world.
Evening star., 1945-07-09

has the power to make studies, re-
ports and recommendations, to pre-
pare draft conventions for submis-
sion to the General Assembly and
to call international conferences.
Subject to the General Assembly's
approval, 1t is empowered to make
agreements with specialized inter-
governmental agencies concerned
with international trade and finance,
labor, agriculture and other related
fields in order to bring them into
relationship with the United Ma
tions organization as whole and
to make recommendations for CO.
ordinating their activities. 1t is
then authorized to obtain regular
reports from these agencies on their
work and on the steps they have
taken to give effect to its recon-
mendations or those of the Assembly
The Economic and Social Council
will also set up a commission for
the promotion of human rights,
commissions in economic and social
fields and such other commissions
as may be required. The commits
sion on human rights will have the
power to prepare an international
bill of rights for submission to the
member states for approval.
Like the General Assembly, the
Economic and Social Council has no
power to impose its recommenda-
tions on the member states. But, as
I reported to the President, this
power to study and report and
recommend-and the power to call
conferences and prepare draft con-
ventions and require reports of prog
ress-is a power which can be
counted on to go long way towards
translating humanitarian aspira-
tions into human gains"
In the next 10 or Is years, the
work of the Economic and Social
Council and its related agencies in
helping to restore shattered world
and to achieve better living condi-
tions for all peoples will be of para
mount Importance. If the United
Nations cooperate effectively to-
ward these ends they will have gone
far toward eliminating in advance
the causes Of another world war a
generation hence. If they fail, there
will be instead widespread depres-
sions and economic warfare which
would fatally undermine the world
organization. No provisions that can
be written into the charter will en-
able the Security Council to make
the world secure from war If men
and women have no security in their
homes and in their jobs.
Evening star., 1945-07-09

to use force or the threat Of force
against the territorial integrity OF
political independence of any
state or in any other manner in
consistent with the purposes of the
United Nations; to give the organ
izafon every assistance In any ac-
ton 1t takes under the Charter, and
to refrain from giving assistance
to any state against which the
United Nations is taking preventive
or enforcement action.
Sovereign Equality Is Basis.
The organization is based on the
principle of the sovereign equality
of all its members. 1t Is not au-
thorized to intervene in matters
which are essentially within the
domestic jurisdiction of any state.
However. a claim of domestic
jurisdiction cannot be used to pre-
vent enforcement measures by the
Security Council in dealing with a
threat to the peace, breach of the
peace or act of aggression by any
future aggressor.
The Charter provides six prin-
cipal instruments for the realiza-
tion of is purposes and principles.
They are the Security Council, the
General Assembly, the Economic
and Social Council, the Interna-
tional Court of Justice, the Trustee
ship Council and the Secretariat.
The Security Council is both an
enforcement agency and an agency
to help nations settle their disputes
peacefully in such a manner that
enforcement measures may be un-
necessary.
Forum for Discussion.
The General Assembly is a forum
for discussion and recommendation
on any matter within the scope of
the Charter.
The Economic and Social Coun-
Gil is an instrument for the develop
ment of those International eco
nomic and socialS conditions essen
tial to lasting peace.
The International Court of Justice
is an institution through which the
principles of international justice
and law may be developed and in
creasingly applied to relations be-
tween countries.
The Trusteeship Council assists in
the supervision of an international
trusteeship system for some de-
pendent areas.
The Secretariat is the permanent
civil service of the United Nations.
Evening star., 1945-07-09

lcerned. The Charter itself does not
place any territories under trustee
ship. The trusteesnip agreements
may apply to territories now held
under mandate, territories taken
from enemy states as result Of the
present war, and other territories
voluntarily placed under the system
The objectives of the trusteeship
system include the political, eco
nomical, social and educational ad-
yancement of the dependent peoples
concerned and their development
toward self-government or indepen-
dence, together with encouragement
of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. These pro-
visions constitute another long step
forward from the League of Nations
mandate system.
To Aid General Assembly.
A Trusteeship Council is created
to assist the General Assembly in
carrying out the functions of the
United Nations with regard to trus-
teeship agreements for all areas
not designated as strategic. Mem
bership in the Trusteeship Council
will be divided equally between those
United Nations administering trust
territories and those which do not,
but it must include the five perma-
nent members of the Security Coun-
ell. Annual reports for each nom
strategic trust territory must be
made to the General Assembly on
the basis of a QUESTIONABLE pre-
pared by the Trusteeship Council.
Strategic areas may be designated
in trusteeship agreements and in
these areas all functions of the
organizations are to be exercised
by the Security Council, with the
assistance of the Trusteeship SCUM
Gil.
Both the War and Navy Depart
ments participated fully in framing
the trusteeship provisions of the
Charter. Furthermore, both depart
ments have certified that they are of
the opinion that the military and
strategic implications of the Charter
as a whole are in accord with the
security interests of the United
States.
No commitment is made to place
any particular area, strategic or nom
strategic, under the trusteeship
system. The Charter thus leaves for
future determination to what extent
and under what terms islands in the
Pacific which are taken from Japan
at the end of the present war are
to be placed under the trusteeship
system. Any agreement into which
the United States might enter to
this end would have to be on terms
satisfactory to us.
Evening star., 1945-07-09
Trusteeship

. In addition to these four overall
instruments of international action,
the Charter includes a declaration
of principles and purposes regard
ing all non-self governing territories
and provides for an international
trusteeship system under which
some Of these territories may be
placed by later agreement.
In the general declaration, the
member nations accept as sacred
trust the obligation to promote to
the utmost the well-being of the in
habitants of all dependent territor-
les over which they have RESPONSE
bility. They are pledged to insure
the political, economic, social and
educational advancement of such
peoples and to assist them in the
progressive development of their
free political institutions. They are
pledged to develop self-government
for all dependent peoples.
I wish to emphasize that this
pledge includes the right to in
dependence for those peoples who
aspire to 1t and are able to exer-
else its responsibilities. That was
the view of the United States dele
cation, and the Committee of Trus-
teeship at San Francisco unani-
niously concurred in that inter-
probation.
This declaration of international
obligations regarding all dependent
peoples is the first Of its character
in the history of international re-
lations. No similar obligations were
assumed under the covenant of the
League of Nations, which provided
only for mandate system applic-
able to territories and colonies de-
tached from Germany and Turkey
after the last war.
The international trusteeship sys-
tenn of the present Charter will ap-
ply to such territories as may be
placed under it by later agreements
among the states directly con.
Evening star., 1945-07-09
= =" VIII,
international Secreturiut

The Charter names the Secretar-
lat as one Of the six principal organs
Of the United Nations, together with
the Security Council, the General
Assembly, the Economic and Social
Council, the International Court of
Justice and the Trusteeship Council
The Secretary Genera, is appointed
by the General Assembly upon
Recommendation of the Security
Council and is the chief administra-
tive officer of the organization. The
Evening star., 1945-07-09
international Court of
Justice

The fourth major instrument of
international cooperation for which
the Charter provides is the Interna-
tional Court Of Justice. The Court
provides the means by which inter-
national disputes of a legal char
acter can be settled ''in conformity
with the principles of justice and
international law" as stated in the
purposes of the United Nations.
The Charter states the general rule
that such disputes should be re-
ferred to the International Court.
The statute of the International
Evening star., 1945-07-09

manent basis in conformity with the
Charter.
Evening star., 1945-07-09

MAIL IN ENVELOPE
OR
PASTE on A le POST CARD
OR
TELEPHONE EXECUTIVE 400
Evening star., 1945-07-09

Need for Peace Stressed.
There is still another, and more
compelling reason why the power of
veto is not likely to be abused
or even to be exercised at all except
in unusual circumstances. That is
the compelling desire and need of
the FIVE great nations to work to-
gether for peace. Twice in 80 years
they have been allies against aggres-
sion. Their common interest in
preventing another war is fully as
urgent as that of any other nation.
Under this Charter they assume
sacred obligations and heavy respon-
sibilities for the maintenance of
peace with justice. They do not
assume these obligations and re-
sponsibilities lightly. They do so
because 1t is in the vital national
interest of each one of them to see
that these obligations and response
bilities are fulfilled.
I believe that I speak for the en-
tire United States delegation when
I say that the requirement for
unanimity among the i've perma-
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
.NeWLaW Aids
.TB Patients
State Assumes Cost;
Vets Get Free Care

LANSING, May 26 CUP)-Ex-
eeutive approvaEof new-isw
amending Michigan's basic tuher-
culosis law was hailed today by
DR.. William Dekleine. health com
missioner, as making the state a
leader in liberal policies govern
ing tuberculosis care.
The new law. signed by Gov.
Kelly yesterday provides that ex-
penditures Of public oney for
treatment Of tuberculosis be con-
sidered for the protection of public
health and not as money advanced
in the nature of welfare or relief.
Patients benefting from such ex-
penditureS are not required 10 re-
pay the state except under special
circumstances determined by the
state health commissioner.
The law also provides that the
stae shall pay for sanatorium care
of residents OF the state at large
rather than charging the cost TO
any county.
DR.. Dekleine said persons who
have not resided in any county for
the one year necessary to estab-
lish legal residence shall be con-
sidefed residents AT large" Per
seRs- -heHsfahis-t discharged o m
military service wifi come under
this classification. ne explained
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

PVT. i6sAsIAK PVT. DssRosIERs
Rosters, 1892 Rivard; brother,
Pvt, Leo j.. in Italy.
PVT. SYLVESTER J. IGNA-
sIAK, 80. infantry, May 2, Italy,
Packard employee in service,
November, 1943; overseas, April
1914, leaves parents, MIR and
Mrs. Frank IgnaSiak, 1911 Carrie,
two sisters, brother, Pfc. Ernest
F., in Germany
FIRE CONTROLMAN sc
EDWARD KOLTER, II, April 2
in sinking OF USS DiekeFson near
Okinawa; previously reported
missing on same date IN service,
January, 1912 ovnrxFaStWo and
one-haif years, veteran OF II
major battles; Pershing gradu-
ate. Murray Cor p. employc /,
leaves wife Betty Smith -kelter,
$3.50 Lymord, parents MIR and
Mrs G.. GilginaS. slOl Leander,
brothers. ANN l/c Thomas Knl-
ter. Pfc. Clarence Gileinas, an
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
DEAD

PFC. EDWARD S. DYBUS, 20,
tank destroyers, died May 3 OF
wounds received April "a in Ger
many; attended Chsdsey, Cadil-
lac employe; in service, January
l943; overseas 25 months; leaves
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Mike Dy-
bus, $685. Cecil. one brother, one
sister.
PVT. Anne J. DesROSIERS.
"a, April Is, Italy; Central Boiler
works employe; in service,
Marc h, 1914; overseas nine
months; leaves wife. Jacqueline,
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. f. Des-
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
1000 10 Honor
US0 Workers

Plans for continued service until
final victory over Japan viii be
announced al the fourth annual
reNeille luncheon Of Metropolitan
Detroit =GS0,=JHne SIN the
Book Cadillac.
One thousand civic leaders will
pay tribute TO the II 909-eolun-
teeF workers for their three years
activities in behalf Of servicemen.
Guest speaker Will be Walter
kleFHanEWaF- eorfeSpondeHt.=
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

s o uthWeStern
& r a d u a { 2,
Micro Machine
2 m ploye; IN
service e. De-
eember, 1943;;
overseas, May,
1914 W ife,
Ruby, dsugh-
ter, Carlene,
Sob Banner,
Dearborn par
entS. Mr.. and
Mrs Car !
x q c X. Z3f3
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
OWL On BANDWAGON

Efforts Of the Office OF War
Information n ride the veterans
bandwaGon INTO a postwar future
are becoming increasingly evi-
dent and aTeHsiHsF some alarm IN
veterans circles.
ORGANIZED originally 10 chan
ne war-relsted news 10 the
public. thr Owl has maintained
Strict control. through rs CfeHr-
ance procedure and cuTbS. over
veterans administration news re-
leases and speeches by top Of
hcisls
II even vert 20 tar OF one &C
casion as 10 bar an address ny
Brig. Gen. Frank T. Hines, ad-
miniStrstor of veterans affairs.
from being repeated on the air
BY transcription.
There were no veterans IN
Owls speech unit, but the Hines
talk, drafted by a veteran. for
veterans and presented over a
veterans program, had 10 run the
owl gauntlet before II could 60
on the air. News releases pre-
pared hv veterans for veterans
must also run this gauntlet.
COMPETENCY STRESSED
Veterans officials. although re-
iuctant 10 talk about lt-NAcl- -lcel
they are competent in this field
and as veterans themselves. they
have far more experience IN deal
ing with veterans than any war
time agency particularly the
Owl
- Veterans Of World War ] in
Michigan are arising against q
-ktate law which discrimInateS
against them in favor of service
men returning from the present
war.
This law reduces by s. 900 the
assessed value for tax purposes
OF any home costing $500 or
less owned by veteran OF
World War II The law makes
the same concession 10 World
War I veterans only If he was
disabled in the conflict, although
his widow is given the full benefit
On May there were 70ss4
Michigan men and women IN the
service. according 10 selectve
service officials.
Soldiers held in Europe by the
lack Of shipping are going ia
school whether they like u or not
under a gigantic educational pro-
gram designed by the army high
command
The plan, II Is understood, calls
for terms OF 20 weeks of school
ing in temporary grade schools
high schools and universities Il
be set up in Europe. Attendance
Will be compulsory.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
Paint Group TO Meet

Officers viii be elected az the
annual meeting of Detroit Paint,
Varnish and Lacquer Association
in the Wardell-Sheraton Monday,
John L. Lovett, general manager
of the Michigan Manufacturers
Association, will speak.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

Two Detroit families are united
in sorrow. Each has lost a boy
In the European-area. These
boys were cousins.
Six other deaths are reported in
todays biographical sketches OF
.serVieemen.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
Lest We Forget--Lest We Forget
Detroit S sHero Roll

versity: Dodge employe; in serv-
ice, April 13; overseas, May, 1914
leaves parents Mr. and Mrs,
Stanley Walas, 13204 Moran,
three brothers.
PFC. WALTER j. WROBLEW-
SKI, 22, infantry, April u, Lu-
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
Vets Failing
To Get Loans IS
All Concerned Agree
Something Is Wrong
BY ROBERT MCCLELLAN

All concerned now seem agreed
that the loan provisions of the
CT Bill of Rights, manifestation
Of the thanks OF a grateful gov
eminent, are Of little or no value
TO the returned veteran.
The amazingly small number of
ex-servicemen who have been
given loans with government ap-
proval should be proof enough
of the failure of this plan 10 help.
Any one who can qualify for and
get loan could, IN nearly all in
stances, borrow money II he never
served a minute under the flag.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
WOUNDED

ARINE CPL. CARLTON
KICK, 25, infantry March g,
Two lima: hospltalIzed,-Great
Lakes. AWARDED Purple Heart
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

nc Tt KOLTER PFC. hICHoS
other brother. seven sisters. me-
mortal mass At q. m. Wednes-
day. Holy Name Church.
PFC. STANISLAUS T. MI
CHON, 29. infantry. Feb "a, Ger
many; previously reported miss
lng. ST. StaniSlaus graduate;
Dodge employc IN service.
March 1871 overseas, Decem-
Der. 1914 previously stationed 10
AleutianS Is months. leaves par
entS. Mr. and Mrs Michael Mi
chon, 1923 Adele, three brothers,
two sisters, cousin. 1t John
Walas. killed in Belgium me-
moral mass AZ Q a. m WednCS-
day ST. StaniSlaus Church
SEAMAN &c FRAN NCIS
JAMES NEER. ls. OklnaWa, no
date gwen; All Saints graduate;
Timken Axle employe; in service,
June 1894. overseas. January,
l945 leaves parents. Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Neer, 2Ol7 Green. two
sisters,
FIRST 1T. JOHN NALAS, 26.
paratroopS. Jan 5 Belgium;
awarded Purple Heart for wounds
received in Holland Pershlng
graduate; attended Wayne Uni
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27
TANGLED IN RED TAPE

To the disappointed thousands
who think, -Hnfortutneiy, { h a I
the government itself has prom.
ised them a loan are added the
legion Of others who are fouled
up IN red tape or frozen stiff by
the icy refus8is OF the demanding
lending agencies.
After the prospective borrower
obtains a certificate of eligibility"
from the veterans administra-
tion he is liable TO he thrown for
a hopeless loss by the very length
OF application form Itself. f.--
II is even possible for a holder
of the Distinguished Service Cross
or the first marine ashore on
Tarawa TO be refused loan II
his credit rating as civilian did
not meet with approval.
Inflated real estate prices make
Il virtually impossible for the
average veteran 10 obtain a loan
10 purchase a home. Any veteran
with all the qualities. know-how.
and salesmanship demanded for a
small business loan could obtain
the necessary funds-in these days
Of ready money, without resort 10
Rhe =gaNernment=
n An this coupled with the virtual
faiIare of the jobs-hack= provision
OF the law and growing complaints
against lis educational features is
certain 20 give riseSto heavy de-
mand for a wholesale rewriting
NJ the law =
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

Efforts Of the Orice OF War
Information 10 ride the veterans
bandwaGon into A postwar future
are becoming increasingly evi-
dent and aTeHsiHFf some alarm IN
- % 81 IL.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

A gay array of playclothes.
Choose from shorts, from
shortalls, slaeks, skirts, farm
erettes, blouses, sweaters, etc.
In large assortment of styles,
colors. Fabrics are cottons and
rayons. Misses sizes in group.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

zon; attended Fordson Eckman
& Son employe; in service, April
1914. overseas, December. 1914
leaves wife, Mary Ann, 53l3 Cal
houn, Dearborn; parents, Mr. and
Mrs. Walter p. Wroblewski, $500
Gary. Dearborn; brothers, S/Sgt.
Joseph, Pvt. Stanley; memorial
mass at 9 a. m. Monday, ST.
CunagundaS Church, St Law
renee street.
Detroit evening times., 1945-05-27

carson brother. -Lt,-EoSeF,- IN
Hawaii
T/5 LOUIS ROSE. IS, infantry.
May 3. Germany; still hospital
izea Southwestern graduate
Rose Shoe Co owner; in service,
October, l94Z; overseas -Seprrrn-
her, 1914 mother, Mrs Mary
Rose. 204 Summit-RiXer Rouge
SEAMAN Ilc RAY MON ID
BERNARD SCHMIDT, 22. Jan. S.
Luzou; back IN action awarded
Purple Heart. kcisey-Hayes en-
pioye, N service. AUqust.-1gi2
overseas. October, 2z1i-Eeu of
Mr. and Mrs. Adam Schmidt,
1853 Pomona.
SEAMAN ROY HERMAN
SCHRAM. Is. February. Iwo
Jina, hospitalized, Great Lakes
attended RedTord High; Diesel
emplnye; in service, March, f944r
overseas. July 1874; wife Edna
Marie tWO children, 1889 Grey
dale. parents. Mr. and Mrs
George CChraU 1881 LenOTc