davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
Marshall Pleads for Army

provide the expert personnel for
the training of citizen-soldiers.
Marshall said universal training
would strengthen the National
Guard and organized reserve and
provide a reservoir OF trained men
as volunteers for the small pro-
fessional army, or for the draft in
the event of war.
Declaring that a security policy
is not a war policy and that uni
versal military training does not
mean univarsal military service.
Marshall said trainees would be
in separate organizations main
tanned for training purposes only
They would be freed from fur
Their connection with the army
after training for one year unless
they chose TO join the regular
army or the National Guard.
by this method" he said,
I'VE would establish, for genera
tions 10 come, a national mill
tary policy, which % Is entirely
within the financial capabilities
of our peacetiRe economy and
is absolutely democratic in Its
nature, and t21 places the mill
tary world and therefore the
political world on notice that
this vast power, linked to our
tremendous resources, wealth
and production. il Immediately
available.
There can be no question
that all the nations of the world
will respect our views accord
ingly, creating at least a prob
ability OF peace on earth and
good will among men rather
than disaster upon disaster In
a tormented world where the
very processes of civilization
itself are constantly being
threatened"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11

Your 2-Pe. Suite Completely Rebuilt,
Restyled and Reupholstered, Including
Latest Tapestry Materialsl
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
50-TON BOMB

Gen. Arold disclosed that the
army WGs now making $4,000.
pound-twies as big as any eUeT
used before, was blueprinting q
IO0,00O-pound bomb and arplone,
to carry II, and had rockets whieh
can guide themselves accurately to
sources of heat, light and mag
netisu.
with the continued develop
ment of weapons and techniques
now known TO u.s." Arnold said,
"the cities of New York, Pitts
burgh, Detroit, Chicago and San
Francisco may be subject TO
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
IDEALLY EQUIPPED

Although the enemy nations
had an Overwhelming advantage
in materiel al the start of the
war. Marshall said the u. S. Army
was so well armed and well
equipped during the last two wears
that il dared TO mount operations
all over the world with strategic
inferiority in numbers of troops. -
"Overshadowing all o her
chronological advance OF the
war" Marshall said "was the
Allied development OF the
atomic explosive.
THE Harvesting OF atomic
poWer should giUe Americans
confidence IN their destiny, but
at the same time We must be
extremely careful not to foH Oic-
tim TO oUereonfidenee.
This tremendous discovery
Will not be ours exclusively in
definitely
The chief Of staff said the avail
ability OF atomic power and the
development of other fearful
weapons of destruction would lead
10 the highly dangerous and at
tractve doctrine" that the United
States can rely on machine power
for defense and will not need
manpower.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
ATTACK NECESSARY

The only effective defense a
nation can now maintain Is the
power of attack he declared.
That power cannot be In ma
Chinery alone. There must be
men to man the machines.
N this nation is eUer again
at wGr, suffering the disqstrous
ttdcks OF roeket-propeiied
weapons with explosive poWer
like our oWn atomic bomb, II
wM bleed and suffer perhaps TO
the point Of humiliation, unless
We can n1oUe armies OF men
into the enemy's bases OF opera
tions and seize the sites from
whieh he launches his attacks"
Gen. Marshall's report included
a statement by Gen. Arnold, com.
of u. S. Army air forces
Of the future potentialities of all
attach
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
Kramer Admits Aim
To End Jewish Race

LUENEBURG. Germany, Oct. 10
QNS) - Josef Kramer. so-called
Beast of Belsen," admitted today
to the British military court that
Nazi party doctrine called for the
destruction of the Jewish race.
Kramer is on trial win Al
{ theirs for concentration camp
atrocities. His wife followed him
on the witness stand in an effort
10 save his life.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
THE WEATHER

Detroit and vicinity. Partly cloudy tonight
ana warmer THURSDAY Lowest tonight ABOUT
as. Gentle variable winds.
DETROIT DATA
Temperatures Tuesday Highest, ~ degrees.
lowest 80. mean, ~.
Departure from normal temperature ives
day lis degrees.
Departure from normal temperature since
Jan. /: +4o7 degrees.
Temperatures one year ago today; Blshest
So degrees, lowest. as mean, as.
Temperatures this date IN past - years.
Highest, So degrees IN 1888: lowest. 30
In 1905.
Relative humidity Tuesday: 100 a. m,
s7H; TSO a. m, s4%; 100 p. M 46%;
7.30 p. m, 6lG
Precipitation IN last "a hours ending al
8: 80 a. m today. Trace.
Departure from normal precipitation stree
Jan l. +5.I7 inches.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
Complete Arguments
In Nowak Gas Case

The government and defense
completed final arguments today
in the black market gasoline con-
Spiracy case before Federal Judge
Frank A. Picard against Edward
A. Nowack, former Lansing pub
Usher, and two others. The jury
is slated 10 receive the case to-
morrow.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11
ARMY OF 100000

so far as they can foresee
world conditions a decade from
now" the general said, war
department planners believe
that our position will be sound
II we set up machinery which
will permit the mobilization of
an army of 1000, 900 men within
a period of one year following
any international crisis result
ing in national emergency"
Marshall said the regular army
would be largely strategic force
heavy in air power. partly de-
ployed in the Pacific and Carib'
bean to protect the nation against
a sudden hostile thrust,
The regular army would alsC
provide security garrisons for out
lying island bases, furnish the
higher headquarters to keep the
machine and plans up to date, anC
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11

humiliation from other CONT
nents I'm a matter OF hours.
THE navy, now the strongest
In the world, will protect our
shores against attack from any
amphibiOus enemy who might
challenge through the sea APP
proaches, but we must also be
prepared 10 oppose stratO-
spheric development"
Gen. Marshall expressed the be-
lief that efforts of the United
Nations TO establish an interna-
tional system for preventing wars
had a greater chance OF success
than any previous effort OF ITS
kinds in history.
However, he said. "these
hopes are by no means certain
ties. II man does find the sOlu-
ton for world peace IL will be
the most revolutionary reversal
of his record we have ever
known.
1--WE have tried since the
birth OF our nation to promote
our love of peace by a display
Of weakness. This course has
failed us utterly, cost us mil
lions of lives and billions of
treasure.
eve must, II we are To realize
the hopes we now dare have
for lasting peace, enforce our
will for peace with strength.
We must make IL clear TO the
potential gangSterS OF the world
that il they dare break our
peace they will do so at their
great peril"
Gen. Marshall said the timing
of q decision on universal military
training is urgent because state
officials believe that
q decision prior to the final peace
n gotiations would greatly
the hand of the United
States in efforts TO set up a gen.
uine organization 10 handle inter
differences.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1945-10-11

Continued from Page/T~O)
10 do our part of the job In
Europe and at the same time
keep the Japanese under con-
troll I'm the Pacific.
What would have been the
result had the Red Army been
defeated and the British Islands
invaded, we can only guess. The
possibility Is rather terrifying"
Gen. Marshall said, hoWeUer
that events had demonstrated that
the AIis existed on paper only
and that Germany, Japan and Hai)
Were each too greedy for loot "a
agree on 40 oUer.aII strategic pIar
TO accomplish their common OBJ
JectfUc.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-24

any veterinarian will tell you that OF
all the pigs farrowed each year less
than half ever reach the pork barrel
or the butchers shop.
One-third of these, according to
DIR. John S. Koen of the u. S. Bureau
of Animal Industry, die before wean-
ing; with most OF them killed as a
result of brucellosis disease OF the
mother that causes them 10 be born
too soon), and a form of dysentery
called scours.
Scours is beginning to- yield to
treatment with sulfa drugs. Strep-
tomycin is being tried out, and seems
to offer good hope against bTucellosis
which also is one Of the worst dis
eases of cattle.
Cream, milk end butter al might
be more plentiful and less expensive
if the inflammatory disease called
mastitis was wiped out. 1t affects
the udders of milk COWS, decreasing
production and often making it neces-
sary TO kill the infected animal.
At least three of the newer drugs,
penieillin, tyrothricin and suffanila-
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-24

Tyrothricin, one Of those miracle
germ.fighterS manufactured by mi
organisms that grow in the soil,
also shows promise as veterinar.
ians weapon. And perhaps most val
liable of all will be streptomycin, now
being put through its PAGES in ex-
perimental laboratories with remark
able results.
Maybe you are wondering how
curing sick COWS, pigs and poultry
will help materially in putting more
food in your cupboard. Many people
believe that IT is just the war-born
necessity of feeding such a multitude
Of extra mouths that leaves the home
front a bit short.
But listen to the words Of another
well-knoWn investigator:
Il am sure" says this expert,
that the loss due to animal disease
every year is greater than the en-
tire yearly needs of the military
forces and lcnd-lease."
There are no adequate figures to
check this, since many diseases of
the farmyaId are not reportable. But
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-24

tory tract-has been treated success
fully with Sulfa drugs and so has bo
vine pneumonia.
But when the prize Guernsey bull,
Camusett Spitfire. seemed likely 10
die with pneumonia this spring,
Massachusetts veterinarian saved his
life with $500, 900 units OF penicillin
Although this was in a form that
wouldn't be used for humans il still
was an expensive dose OF medicine 20
be used for such a purpose.
Expense is one OF The biggest
drawbacks, so far, TO the widespread
use for veterinary medicine Of all an
tibiotics-the name given 10 those
products OF molds, yeasts, and other
microorganisms that fight bacteria
in the constant war on disease.
But demand for an increased sup
ply of peniciffin has reduced its price
from $50 per package of 100000 units
TO 81 for the same amount during
the last 20 months. II is expected TO
get even cheaper.
Streptomycin, which shows prom
ise of controlling a much wider vari
ETY. of bacteria than most new drugs,
certainly is going 10 be useful for
several human ills.
SO perhaps demand again will
come to the rescue and less expen-
sive wholesale method Of producing
streptomycin will put it on the prac
tiCal list OF treatments for cattle, pigs
and poultry too.
Veterinarians don't promise won
ders for several years 10 come, and OF
course, there are many animal all
ments such as cholera and parasites
that aren't susceptible TO any of these
new drugs, but the groundwork has
been laid and the experts are still
rCscarching.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-24

~ EMEMBER that morning when
x you sat down to your bacon-less
~ breakfast, grimly munched your
BUTTERFLIES toast and only half appre
ciated your ultra.eXpensive egg, then
opened your paper TO find that add
tional food shortages were just
around the corner?
There wasn't much you could do
about it, except tighten your belt.
But there is a group of experts
likely to be claSSed as fair-haired
gentlemen in the future, who are de-
voting their ingenuity and energy to
solving the meat, poultry egg and
milk scarcities and high costs of eat
ing such foods.
They are the country's veterinar-
ians, working in cooperation with
mcrobiologists and other researchers
who continue TO develop and test new
germ-fighters and find further uses
for old ones.
With the aid of the wonder drugs,
penicillin and the sulfa compounds,
that have saved so many human lives
in the last few years il is hoped that
some of the CGstliCst animal diseases
eventually may be put under control.
Some of the possibilities Of these
drugs in veterinary medicine recently
were pointed 0ut by Or. IT. J. Metz
ger, Rutgers University research eX-
pert on the control of disease in dairy
animals.
Sulfa drugs are plentiful now and
pCliciJlin Of a quality unfit for hui
man consumption can be used.
Detroit evening times., 1945-06-24

mide are effective
against c ert a in
types of mastitis
ifinlected directly
into the affected
parts. OF these
three pcnicillin Is
particularly I'm
portant because IL
attacks many OF
the re fr a ctoTy
cases that do not
& u G c u m b 10 the
other two.
GlllpplilE ItNtI
Z peculiar sick.
ness that often
kills cattle when
they are moved
from one place 10.
another although
the or "a n s m s
that cause the dis
ease always are
present harmless
w in the reSpira
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31

the U. S. has right now. On the other
hand, We can, by making the wrong de-
cisions, place such a strain on the other
nations of the world as to make World
War III inevitable"
Speaking at the New School for Social
Research in the evening, Wallace said
that the U. S. and Russia have emerged
'as the two most powerful nations in
the world'' and that both in their diff
ferent ways are cropping for a way of
life which will enable the common man
everywhere in the world to get the most
good out Of modern technology"
This does not mean that there is any
thing irreconcilable in our aims and pur-
poses" he said. Those who so pro-
claim are Willingly or unwittinly looking
for war and that, in my opinion, is
criminal We in the U. S. are certain
our methods will bring more liberty and
a higher standard of living.
THE Russians are eually certain that
if they are given the opportunity Of
peaceful development, their system will
eventually deliver the most satisfaction
to their people. Both of us believe in
the maximum use of technology and
both Of US believe in peace Both Of US
want to see the socalled backward ma
tons industrialized so that the standard
Of living may be more uniform over the
entire world"
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31
POLICE WIN YEARS
COURT FIGHT
FOR UNION RIGHTS

JACKSON, Mis- (FP) The right of
policemen to join union was upheld
here when the circuit court ruled in
favor of % Jackson policemen who were
dismissed by the city commission last
June for refusing to withdraw from hteir
AFL union Attorneys for the city in
dicated they would appeal the decision
to the state supreme court
The union policemen were dismissed
by Mayor Walter A. Scott and City Com
missioners A. F. Hawkins and R. M. Tay-
lor just before a city election in which
the mayor was defeated and the two
commissioners were not candidates for
reelection. The police union issue played
a part in the election campaign.
The case has been back and forth in
the courts for nearly a year. The police
first took it to county court when the
civil service commission held that union
activities could have no place in govern
ment service" and offered them yellow
dogn contract. The commission informed
the dismissed men that if they Withdrew
from the union within five days and
promised not to join any union in the
future they would be reinstated with
seniority and pension rights.
The police refused and took it to court.
When the county court ruled against
them, they appealed it to the state su-
preme court. The supreme court re-
manded the case back to the circuit
court where the present verdict was
won
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31
THE WHY'S OF A
MEDICAL HEALTH
INSURANCE PLAN

For the interest of our readers the
following item on health and medi-
cal insurance is printed. A short
article on this subject will be printed
each week until the subject has been
covered This is the twelfth Of such
articles.
Question-Under social insurance
plan, what benefits should be provided2
Answer-Any plan, to be effective,
should provide for
% A monthly cash benefit to in
sured workers during illness and for
their dependents, % complete medical
protection for workers and dependents,
(S) complete payment Of necessary hos
pital expenses for insured workers and
their dependents.
Question-What effect would health
insurance program have on the present
medical practices?
AnsWer-The prime result would be
medical service and disqualification to
everybody covered, regardless Of income,
and relief from the crushing burden OF
medical and hospital bills and loss Of
income.
The health Of the nation would be put
on preventive" medical basis rather
than on a curative" medical basis as
we now have. Curative treatment
usually is like closing the barn door
after the horse is stolen.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31
TRUMAN NAMES
THREE TO
CABINET POSTS

WASHINGTON. - (F'P) - President
Harry S. Truman accepted the resigna-
tions of three cabinet members May %
Atty Gen. Francis Biddle, Sec. of Labor
Frances Perkins and Sec. of Agriculture
Claude Wickard He announced he hat
replaced Biddle with Asst. Atty. Gen Tor
c. Clark, Miss Perkins with U. S. Judge
Lewis B. Schwellenbach of Washington
and Wickard with Rep. Clinton P. An
derson CD.-N. M.
The Biddle resignation was reported
to have been demanded by the CHIEF
executive but he said officially that he
had designations of all members Of the
government who could resign.
Clark formerly headed the criminal
prosecution division of the Department
of Justice and more recently was in the
claims division. He is a Texan.
Schwellenbach, who had a liberal rec
ord as a senator from Washington, is
widely regarded as a friend Of labor and
is particularly close to the Brotherhood
of Transfers (AFL) and its west coast
leader, Dave Beck.
Anderson is a New Deal Democrat, an
avid exponent of the Roosevelt policies
and as chairman OF the special House
food investigating committee did much
to show the dangers of mulh-controls
over food rationing
AS secretary of agriculture Anderson
will soon become war food administrator
combining in the one job the control Of
all rationing OF food. Judge Marvin
Jones, present war food administrator
will return to his job on the U. S. Court
of Claims having handed his resigna-
ton to the President May o.
President Truman said that If Secre-
tary of Treasurer Henry Morenthau re-
signed he would not accept the resigna-
tion-thus disposing of a Washington
rumor that Sen. Walter F. George d.
Ga) was being considered for his place
EPCP,
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31
KEY PROVISIONS OF
new SOCIAL
SECURITY BILL

WASHINGTON (FP)-Here are the
main provisions of the new Wagner
Murray -Dingen social security bill Of
fered in the Senate May "a:
Construction Of Health Facilities
Provision for a lO-year program of
federal grants and loans for building and
expanding hospitals, health centers and
related facilities with the U S. to pay
at least $50 and up to SOC of the cost
on a sliding scale depending on a States
per capita income Loans may be made
for not more than ESQ additional.
Grants to states for Health Services
The bill allows u S. grants to states
to expand public health services The
government will pay at least 25qo of
amounts spent by a state and up to 75qo
depending on a states per capita income.
Grants for Maternal and
Child Health
In the same way as above, states may
get U. S. funds for maternal, child
health, and welfare services.
Public Assistance Program
Calls for U. S. expenditure to aid states
in public assistance to needy individu
als-the aged, blind, dependent children
and Others. U. s backing runs from
500 to 75qo on the sliding scale.
National Social Insurance
Here is the major section. Under the
bill prepaid personal health insurance is
offered. It is insurance of medical care
costs and not state or socialized medi-
cine.
Unemployment and temporary disabil-
ity insurance benefits are put on a fed
eral basis, running from a minimum of
SIS and up to $50 a week for a maximum
period Of 26 weeks. If enough funds
are available, the benefits may be ex-
tended to a full So weeks for memploy-
ment benefits.
Retirement, survivors and total disa-
bility benefits are more liberal than at
present. The minimum payment is set
at $40 month and it can run to a top
figure of $12O a month.
Military Service Credit
Veterans of the armed services are
given credit for $16O month for each
month spent in military service.
Contributions
Both workers and employers will pay
4gd each to pay for the system. Funds
will be invested in U. S. government
bonds.
Montana labor news., 1945-05-31
STANDARD OIL TOLD
TO ABANDON
COMPANY UNION

WASHINGTON. - (FP) After two
years Of hearings and appeals, the NLRB
issued a lengthy decision and order May
% directing the Standard Oil Co. Of
California to disband the Standard En-
ployes Association as a company union
and to cease and desist from unfair
labor practices.
Although the unaffiliated association
had no written contract with the Stand
ard management, its officials have met
with management regularly every year
and entered into understandings on
wages, hours and other conditions of
employment since November 1888.
The NLRB order directed the company
to post notices in its northern and
southern California divisions stating
that I'VE hereby disestablish the Stand
ard Employees Association as the repre-
sentative of any of our employees and
We will not recognize it or any successor
thereto. We will not nominate or
interfere with the formation or admin
istration of any labor organization or
contribute financial Or other support to
it."
1t is further directed that the notice
say that the company will not interfere
with restrain or coerce the employees in
their exercise of their right of self-or-
ganization or contribute financial Or
other support to it,"
1t is further directed that the notice
say that the company will not interfere
with, restrain or coerce the employees in
their exercise of their right of self
organization, or to join or assist the Oil
Workers Organizing Committee of the
Oil Workers International Union (CIO)
Standard OILS plant at El seglndo,
Calf, is one of the nations largest and
the OWIU has been actively organizing
there for some time in the face Of stiff
competition from both the company and
its association.
The NLRB found that Standard Oil
had not only approved formation Of the
Employees Association, but had financed
and encouraged its operations.
Other Standard Oil companies in the
country have similar employe associa-
tions organized under practically the
same conditions.