davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Soldierly Vision
By Mai. George Fielding Eliot

service reputation" whom he did not
know, and some who were recommended
TO him by others in whose judgment
ne had confidence. 1t was not a very
long list. but it was list on which
YOU might have seen a good many
names which have been much in the
headlines recently; and few which
have not
Having made his list. Gen. Marshall
did not stop there. He proceeded TO
put each officer on that list through a
period of trial and test as ruthless and
soul-searching as he could make it. He
piled burdens on them; he shifted
them suddenly from one post to an
other of increased responsibility; he
worked the very hearts out of tn I'M;
and he judged them strictly and i'm
partially by the results they produced.
Dwight Eisenhower was on that list.
When it was first prepared he was
executive officer of the 18th Infantry
at Fort Lewis, Washington. He was
made Chief of Staff of the Sd Division
at the same post: making good in that
job, he went to the 9th Corps. also as
chief of staff; from there he was trans
ferred to 1t. Gen. Walter Kruegers
Sd Army. again as chief of staff, and
served with that officer through the
Louisiana maneuvers of 194l. Then
he was abruptly shifted to the War De-
partment General Staff as Assistant
Chief of Staff for Operations. There,
under Gen. Marshall's own eyes, he
served the final months of his stern
apprenticeship for the command of
100000 American soldiers, until the
day when he was summoned from his
desk to Gen. Marshall's office to hear
his chief say:
Eisenhower, I've got to send some-
body to Europe to command our forces
there I've picked you for the job. How
soon can you leave?"
1t was not only the commander in
chief who was thus selected. The same
process-varying somewhat in detail
was applied to every one of the present
Army group, Army and corps comman-
ders, and to some who didn't make the
grade Those who buckled under the
strain were through. The older officers
tended to fall by the wayside Gen.
Kruger, for example, is the only officer
now holding a field command who was
a permanent major general of the
Regular Army in October, 194O), the
younger men came to the top as they
proved themselves worthy. And the re-
suit speaks for itself-speaks eloquently
in terms of victories won, and won
without needless sacrifice or cruel dis
astef.
The Nation-and particularly the
fathers and mothers, the wives and
sweethearts of America-owe a debt of
gratitude to George Catlett Marshall
which can never be repaid. AS We hon.
or our returning. generals, fresh from
their fields of victory, let us not for
get the man who chose them and di-
rected them so we'll, and whose wise
choice and soldierly vision gave us
those victories at far less proportionate
cost than any we have ever won before
tCopyright, 1945.)
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Retorts to Mai. Eliot

To the Editor of The Star:
Referring to Maj. George Fielding
Eliot's article of June 5. entitled
France in the Levant,' find him say
ing there was no certainty as to who
started the shooting: ut Just as well
may have been some panicky Sene-
galese."
Again he said: There was no excuse
for the sending of French reinforce
ments to the Levant at this time,
especially Senegalese reinforcements,
for it has long been known that the
Syrians particularly resent the pres
ence of African troops in Syrian gar
risons."
This is the sort of smearing the Sene-
galese have to take as French subjects.
It's true that they did not go to Syria
of their own. volition. They were told
to GO there by their supermasters.
Since am OF African blood, I per-
sonally resent seeing Africans fighting
to free Asiatics, but would rather see
them fighting to free themselves.
MASON T. WHITE
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Bid for industrial Peace

The sponsors of the National
Labor Relations Act held it forth
to the country as an instrument for
the promotion of industrial har-
mony 1t did not serve that purpose
for at least two reasons. First, be-
cause the law itself was unbalanced
and one-sided, and second, because
the early administrators of the
statute applied it with a degree lof
partisanship which soon convinced
employers that the scales we're hope
leSsly tipped against them. Now, In
an effort to redress the balance and
to protect the general public from
abuses growing out of industrial
strife, three respected members of
the Senate have come forward with
a proposal for new labor legislation.
They, too, say that their purpose
is to establish pattern for enduring
industrial peace, and their proposal,
on its face, holds greater promise
of achieving this eminently desirable
objective.
The proposed statute would be
known as the Federal Labor Rela-
tions Law. 1t makes a favorable
impression at the outset by calling
for reorganization and tightening
up of the principal agencies now
dealing with labor disputes. This is
reform which has long been advo-
Gated, and, there probably will be
wide agreement on its desirability.
Other important features of the
proposed law contemplate compul-
sorry arbitration of disputes arising
from conflicting interpretations of
contracts and of all disputes which
might lead to strikes imposing hard
ship on the public, the establish
ment of a code of unfair labor prac-
tices for both employers and en-
ployeS, the creation of safeguards
and restrictions designed to prevent
a monopoly of employment through
the closed shop and the enlarge
ment of the area in which the States
would have jurisdiction over certain
types of disputes. In all of this the
right to strike is expressly preserved,
but the sponsors feel that adoption
of their proposals would tend sub
stantially to eliminate the abuses
and misunderstanding which lead
to strikes.
The authors of the plan, which
Evening star., 1945-06-21

run down his back Riding the iron
wheeled hayrake over the hummocky
ground is a jouncy proposition, and
if boy has to pull the bullrake by
hand when his father is pitching
onto the load. it keeps him hump
ing. 1t is not especially inspiring
work to spread out the haycocks in
the morning so the sun will finish
curing the grass. And when in mid
afternoon the thunderheads roll up
. on the horizon and Father and the
hired man really put on the pres
sure, a boy has to shift into high
gear to hold his own. But there is
one good compensation. After the
day of heat and sweat and the last
load is safely under cover in the big
barn, fellow has half an hour in
the deep pool in the creek. That first
dive into the cold tingling water is
recompense for the hours in the hot
sun.
Evening star., 1945-06-21

grew out of carefully considered
recommendations of volunteer
committee of citizens, are Senators
Hatch, Ball and Burton. Merely to
mention these men as sponsors is to
give assurance that the proposal is
not intended to be pro-labor or anti
labor, but rather a sincere attempt
to devise a formula which will serve
the real interests of this country by
forestalling an anticipated upsurge
of postwar industrial conflict. At
the least, their plan deserves careful
and sympathetic attention, and men
of vision, both in labor and in indus
try. will do everything in their power
to see that it gets it.
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Get the Facts Out

A useful purpose would be served,
1t is believed, if the War Department
at its first\opportunity would make
available to the American people a
full report on the treatment by the
Germans of American prisoners of
war.
In the last stages of the war
many thousands of prisoners of war
were being liberated at the same
time that concentration camps for
political prisoners and other civil
ians were being exposed to the
world, in all their horror, for the
first time.
This fact alone resulted in the
creation of an impression, which
still exists in the minds of many
Americans, that our prisoners of
war were being liberated from con-
centration camps Now that our
prisoners of war are being returned
to this country by the thousands
and telling the story of their ex-
periences, their failure to confirm
the atrocities that have been related
concerning the concentration camps
Is apt to cause still more confusion,
one result of which may be to cul-
tivate the suspicion that stories of
the concentration camps represent
some form of propaganda.
AS a matter of fact, of course.
there was no direct relationship be-
tween the concentration camps and
the prisoner of war camps They
were separate and distinct. Very
few of our soldiers or other prison.
ers of war were sent to concentra-
ton camps. The calculated policy
of determination and debasement
which applied in the concentration
camps did not apply, so far as it is
known, to the prisoner of war
camps.
On the other hand, some of our
prisoners of war we're the victims
of Nazi atrocities. Others evidently
were relatively we'll treated, al
though most of them seem to have
suffered from inadequate feeding,
improper living quarters and, in
many cases, long forced marches
which resulted in death, disease and
inju'
prisoners of war are being
scrc ii by our intelligence officers
as they are returned to the United
States. BY this time it would seem
probable that there is enough Off
cial evidence in hand to support a
factual statement which, even if
generalized. would indicate the out
lines of German policy toward war
prisoners. 1t is important that such
a statement be made: First, to make
clear the distinction between con-
centration camps for civilians and
prisoner of war camps; second. to
acquaint our people officially with
the available facts concerning treat
ment of our men who were prisoners
@F
Evening star., 1945-06-21

As the first thunderous cheers of well
come to Gen Eisenhower die away there
is time to ask ourselves: How did ElSen-
hover happen? Who picked him for
his great command with such unerrlng
Judgment? After all, he was only
lieutenant colonel of infantry when the
war started, in an Army containing
some 400 lieutenant colonies senior to
himself, to say nothing of some 700
full colonies and nearly $50 general Of
ficers. How did he get up to the top
so fast, just when he was needed?
In fact. how does it happen that our
great Army, the greatest we have ever
sent into battle. has been universally
so we'll commanded?
I think this is a very good time to pay
the tribute that is his due to the man
who is responsible for this outstanding
record. He is the Chief of Staff, Gen
eral of the Army George C. Marshall.
The reason why our generals have been
so we'll chosen and so successful is really
threefold:
l. President Roosevelt left the choice
entirely to Gen. Marshall, exercising no
influence on the matter himself, so
that leaders were chosen by soldier
and not, as so often in the past. by a
civilian President or Secretary of War.
2. Gen Marshall knew his men and
chose them with skill.
3. Having chosen, he tested the men
of his choice at every step forward un-
til he was sure he had the right men
for the right assignments.
Y
When the Army was first being great
ly expanded. at the time that the fall
of France shocked the Nation into a
realization of the danger across the
Atlantic, Gen. Marshall began choosing
the men who might have to command
millions of American boys in battle.
He recognized that most of the general
officers OF the Regular Army, as it then
existed, were too old for active field
commands in modern war. Use could
be made of their experience and wis
dom in the training period, but they
would nave to be replaced when it came
to actual fighting.
BY whom? Not, in the first place, by
citizen officers, because these did not
yet have enough experience and train
ing-they might acquire it later, but
in the meantime the professional off,
GERS of the Regular Army would have
to carry on So the problem was to
choose the generals of the new Army
from the colonies, lieutenant colonies
and ajors of the old Regular estab-
lishment.
In particular the problem was to Sc
lect from these (there were in October,
1910, about 5000 promotion list" Off
GERS in these three grades very few
outstanding men for the very highest
commands. This was no easy task
and a mistake might cost hundreds, even
thousands, of lives; might risk the very
safety of the Nation before it could be
corrected. For there could be no real
proof until battle was joined
Gen. Marshall made for himself q
little list He wrote names on that
list of men he knew, from his own widt
experience and acquaintance in ths
Army; he added to it men Of high
Evening star., 1945-06-21

ers of the Nazi-Fascist doctrines. These
subversive elements are described as
working against the national interests
OF the United States to such an extent
that President Truman himself sharply
branded them as agents of appease-
ment who ought to apply to Goebbels
for reward"
The White House secretariat has been
unable to trace any speech or statement,
on or off the record, in which the Presi-
dent even vaguely expressed himself in
the manner described by the Russian
newspaper.
Official authorities in Washington, of
course, attach little Importance to such
fabrications, which carry no weight, even
if they were widely spread throughout
this country. We know that there is
no lack of national unity in America
at this time.
But those people of Europe who are
looking to America for support in their
attempts to gain even a limited free
dom are bound to be impressed when
they hear about the horrible Fascist
plots in the country they thought was
the most democratic and liberal re-
mails. AS far as can be learned from a
study of some of Owls foreign broad
casts which have been submitted to
some Senators, they are wishy-washy
at best and appear to be afraid of con-
tradicting the powerful propaganda of
those who are describing America as
part Fascist in its theology.
The diplomatic expediency which is
believed to have caused the Owl to act
with caution is now over. It's officials
are, of course. not expected to enter
into a mud-slinging competition with
their opposite numbers abroad But the
official propaganda agency of the United
States-Which expects to have its funds
restored principally because top military
men, such as Gems. Marshall and Eisen-
hover, insist that the job in Europe
is not yet finished-might undertake
real constructive task of telling the
news-hungry European people the whole
story of America
Evening star., 1945-06-21
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The Office of War Information stands
good chance of having its funds re-
stored by the Senate to continue its
operations in Europe. The organization
can, If it wishes, do much better Job
than formerly, when considerations of
"eXpediency" are said to have compelled
its agents to dovetail their propaganda
with that of some of our Allies in order
not to disrupt the theological front
The chief complaint of some of the
critics of the owl is that while its
officials lavishly extolled the proWess
they failed to impress on them the
real facts about our overwhelming con-
tribution in the war.
Many OF these critics are now giving
Elmer Davis organization the benefit
of the doubt and are willing to accept
the explanation that diplomatic expedi-
ency required them to take modest"
line SO far as America was concerned.
The war is over in Europe. In many
countries, especially in the Axis areas,
the severe restrictions placed on listen
ing to foreign broadcasts have been
Cancelled, The people of Germany, Italy
and the Balkans are encouraged to
hear what comes TO them over the air.
The beWildered people of Europe re-
ceive, however, an unbelievably distorted
picture of the United States, which is
being described by nations with "spe-
cial political interests as seething
Nation where Fascism and Naziism, rep
presented by small but powerful mi
nority- are rampant.
X
For the last three weeks the Russian
radio, through its many stations through
out Eastern Europe. has been particu-
larly virulent in this type of campaign.
American publications such as Time.
Life and the Army and Navy Journal
are called the chief protagonists of
Fascism and are described as being
sorroWful over the defeat of Hitler.
Men III public life, such as Senators
Wheeler and Taft, are equally described
in the Soviet government newspaper
Izvestia as being the principal defend
Evening star., 1945-06-21
The Political Mill
Bv Gould Lincoln

SAN FRANCISCO, June 2l.-Presi-
dent Trumans proposal that the law of
presidential succession, if both the
President and Vice President die or for
some other reason cannot serve had its
immediate reaction among the mem
bers of the United States delegation
attending the United Nations Confer
ence First, by the congressional
members of the delegation, it was hailed
as democratic move to place an elected
officer. the Speaker of the House, next
in line instead of an appointed officer,
the Secretary of State. They insisted,
however they were not rejecting on
Secretary of State Stettinius or other
members of the Cabinet who ir,der the
existing law, might succeed to the
Presidency.
Second, should Congress promptly
enact the new law of succession adVo-
Gated by Mr.. Truman, the chances of
Mr.. Stettinius being retained as Secre-
tarp of State would be increased EveE
since the death of the late President
Roosevelt. Democratic leaders have been
cunning for Mr.. Stettinius. Mr.. Stet-
tinius. however, having handled the
United Nations Conference successfully,
is admittedly entitled to consideration.
1t would be unfair to turn him of.
The Truman proposal opens up many
lines of speculation, based on the pos
sibility of the Presidents death or dis
ability-which the country would deep
" deplore. The first is that Speaker
Sam Rayburn of Texas would become
President, if the law Of succession is
changed The second is that, in the
event Mr.. Rayburn was unable to serve
for any reason, Senator McKella- OF
Tennessee, President Pro-Tefnpore OF
the Senate. would fill the Office of Chief
Executive until new Speaker had been
elected
The third is that should the Republic
ans succeed in electing majority of
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Bronze Boy

Blond hair. sun-bleached, body burned
to deep amber sheen,
1.-the muscles flashing against the
sed-iDaves' rise and jail,
There is the timeless pitol beauty of.a
Cyprian triese
NoaD in your clear laughter, your race
to catch flying ball.
Too young for this Uar. or tor any mean.
fngleSs sod 1Ddr, =
1t is alaUays thus you should be seen
in splendor OF this light.
Against cold blue-green tpapes, orched.
curled a0ith sno1uy foam,
Against an Attic school OF black glass
porpoises in flight.
So may you neper kno,D the heaDy tides
OF age and change, :
Nay this, your brilliant hour, groto no
later. nor the day:
These pery ,DaDes should be transfred,
nor euer shadotc jail,
Bronze laughing lad, across the golden
noontime OF your play.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Clashes Happen

FToh tHe Topeka Capital.
Even in this country, the press fire.
quently collides head-on with military
officials who attempt to decide arbl-
trarily what constitutes their idea of
news. Very often. military security is
not involved. but the officers trys to
impose their policies upon the press,
sometimes to conceal their own short
comings and sometimes out of sincere
desire to do what they think will help
the war effort,
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Preparedness

From the Wichita Eagle
When present construction is COM
pleted the United States Navy will have
total strength of 127 200 ships When
the next war comes We will be in a
position to loan all our friends whatever
they need in the way of gunboats.
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Style Statistic

From the Omaha World-Herald.
In year, says statistic, the average
American girl buys 3.5 hats. The jaunty
fragment one sees on the streets nova
days doubtless would be the S.
Evening star., 1945-06-21
Still Flootino

From the St. Louis Post-Dspatch.
A Soviet scientist has found that a
magnet can be f1oated in midair Some
investors made the same discovery about
foreign loans after the last war.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-04-06
Legislative Bills
Call on State
For Sqb8,4q0,128

SACRAMENTO, April 6. CUP)-
The state finance department an
nounced in a new tabulation that
special appropriation bills and
fund earmarking measures intro
duced in the legislature total $685.
498, ,128.
The amount is in addition to
budget expenses of S682, 710,643 es-
timated by Gov Earl Warren. 1t
includes $451 ,64G,6 500 for regular ex-
penses and S516,341 ,439 sought to be
transferred from the general fund
for special purposes but available
for future appropriations.
The grand total of the budget,
special appropriation bills and fund
earmarking measures is more than
81 500, 0,000,0O0.
The picture compares with state
income for the next two years eS-
timated at S7l0 100000 in the gov
einor's budget, under continued tax
reducticrs.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-04-06
Argentina Hunts
Down, Hundreds of
Axis Sympathizers

BUENOS AIRES, April 6. (UP)-
A large-scale hunt for German spies
saboteurs and Axis sympathizers is
in full swing throughout the RiV-
er Plate area and already had re-
suited in the arrest of 700 in A.
gentina and of an undisclosed num-
ber in neighboring Uruguay.
The bag of prisoners ircluded such
prominent figures as eritz Mandl,
erstwhile Austrian munitions mag
nate, owner of an important arma-
mentS plant here which the Argen-
tine government nationalized two
days ago and former husband of
Hedy Lamar. He was charged with
smuggling capital out of Argentina,
it was understood.
Also arrested was Enrique Oses,
notorious nationalist editor of the
closed newspaper L. Pampero, rab-
id foe of Che United States and the
Allies.
Reports from Montevideo, across
the Plate, said that among spies
arrested there we're several cabaret
dancing girls charged with getting
Allied sailors drunk to obtain in
formation about Allied ship move
ments. also the brothers Jose and
Salvador Vendemia, charged with
smuggling into Uruguay undesirable
foreigners without identification
papers.
Among prominent Germans ar
rested in Montevideo were Professor
Werner Hersong, OF the German
College, and Kurt Linsen, also
known as Ferdinand Hel,nuth. Ten
German meeting places were raided
in the Uruguayan capital.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-04-06
Navy Gets Rebuke
On Treatment of
Honolulu People

WASHINGTON, April 6. tUP)-A
house naval affairs. subcommittee
has prepared a report rabukirg the
army and navy cor tkeir treatment
of Honolulu civilians during the
past three and a half years.
Members of a seven-man group
which just returned from a per-
sonal inspection CT congested areas
in Honolulu charged that military
leaders had made no effort to see
that war workers and other civil
ians had adequate living quarters.
Subcommittee Chairman Ed V.
Izac, Cd, California, said in an in
terview TIL a t civilian authorities
could do nothing because the islands
we're under military government,
and the military leaders said they
were too busy fighting a war to
worry about civilians.
At the same time, he said, skilled
workers are vitality needed at the
great Pearl Harbor base, and unless
some relief is forthcoming at once,
they will not be obtained.
He said he would not be surprised
if there were net more persons
leaving Honolulu for the states than
going to Honolulu to do essential
work.
Imperial Valley press., 1945-04-06
CHICAGO OPA SEES LET-UP
IN RENT CONTROL UNLIKELY

CHICAGO, April 6. CUP)-John
Joseph Ryan, Chicago rent execu-
tive of the Office of Price Admins
tration, doesn't predict any letup in
rent control in the immediate future.
His statement followed queries by
thousands of perturbed Chicago ten
ants, who reported their landlords
we're holding out on 1945-46 leases,
pending elimination of rent control
by May l.
Ryan said he sees no possibility
that rent control will end within the
next IA months, even with the end
of the war by that time. And, he
pointed out, Chester Bowles, OPA
administrator has advocated even
more rigid rent regulations.