davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26
Hawaii Ignored
InDefense Plans
Detroit Times wishins,op Bur,au

WASHINGTON, Nov. "A -
Secret testimony Of Gen. Mar
shall and others before a recent
army board Of inquiry was pro
duced for the first time today 4
sustain the contention of minority
members of the congressional in
Vcstigating committee that some
high influence deliberately KEEP
Hawaii unwarned IN the horc'
preceding the japanese attack.
Gen Marshall, retiring army
chief of staff, gave the board this
testimony:
Il think the japanese just
before the war started were
capitaliZlng on the belief that 1t
would be very difficult to bring
our people into a willingness to
enter the war.
GOVERNMENTAL POLICY
THAT, incidentally. was some
what confirmed by the govern
mental policy on our part OF
making certain that the overt
act starting the war should not
he attributed TO the United
States, because of the state of
the public mind at that time.
"0f course, no one anticipated
that overt act would be the
crlppling Of the Pacific Fleet"
The testimony, withheld from
the published report of the army
navy boards which investigated
responsibility for Pearl Harbor ir
the last months of the war witt
Japan. shows that care was taker
before Dec. Z, l94l, 10 put the
garriSons of Panama. Alaska anc
even Puerto Rico on all-out wal
alert No. 3.
INADEQUATE ALERT
But Hawaii. despite year O
open talk in military circles thai
the Japanese certainly would ain
a surprise blow at Pearl Harbol
to begin war, was kept on the
totally inadequate alert No.
against internal sabotage.
The transcript confirms {
charge of the Republican minority
that the administration had en-
tered into a secret and unrecordeC
agreement. known as the "ABCD'
pact, to join Britain, China anc
the Dutch East Indies in war or
Japan if the latter's forces crossed
a certain line in the Pacific.
DENIED BY WELLES
Gen. Marshall discussed the
agreement freely before the army
inquiry board, but, because il wa'
not in official form, former Under
secretary of State Welles denied
knowledge of il when he testified
before the Parl Harbor committee
The Republicans claim that the
army board transcript makes j
logically inconceivable that the
army and navy high command il
Washington did not expect an at
tack in Hawaii Dec. 7.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26
$3s NOW OR $237.5o
LATER -.

We first checked his War
Bonds. lie had held them for an
average of about four years. lie
paid s7l2.5O for these bonds. IL
hecashed them now, he " ouldre-
cei,e $50 earned interest To date.
We informed him that II nc
held the War Bonds, he would
receive his original investment
Of s7I2.J0, plus &237. so earned
interest, upon maturity.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26
DETR0iTsAGa aSftAES

PubliShse every Week Day Evening end
sunday Morning by the Times PublithlnE
C3mpany at i225 Times Square De,r,it II,
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26
Santa for Servicemen Fund

The Detroit Times,
1870 Cass,
Detroit 81, Michigan.
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26

1870 Cass,
Detroit 81 Michigan
Enclosed iind ...... dollars my contribution 10
help provide Merry Christmas for the thousands Of
cemen confined 10 Michigan hospitals understand that
each 50 send in the committee will purchase wrap and
deliver suitable gift.
NY AaIle
Street Zone ....,...
Detroit evening times., 1945-11-26
How Troops
Come Home

Troopships arriving in u. S.
home ports today included the
fOiloWings
Evening star., 1945-11-25

ly sanitary protection proved mat
ter of great importance in the femi-
nine world-and the users of Tampax
now number millions. The secret
of Tampax is that it is aoorn inter
nauy. That's why there is no belt or
external pad, why Tampax is invisi-
BILE in use, and why it can cause no
bulges, ridges or wrinkles in the
clothing. =. Perfected by a doctor,
Tampax is made of pure surgical cot
ton compressed into throw-away
applicators. No odor can form with
Tampax and there is no chafng.
Changing is quick and disposal easy.
:. Sold at drug stores and notion
counters in 8 absorbencies Regular,
Super, Junior. A months supply fits
into your purse. Tampax Incorpor-
ated, Palmer, Mass.
Evening star., 1945-11-25
We all like to travel, but
what about manners
when we're abroad?.
They have fun

CooN again we shall be able to
- sail or fly on pleasure tours
to distant foreign lands. But no
land can ever again be completely
foreign. Therefore it has become
more important than we formerly
thought to learn about the man
ners and customs of the people we
intend to visit.
We are a greater and more
powerful nation than ever before.
That is precisely why we should
realize that making ourselves like
able is important to the worlds
future peace.
Any number of Americans make
friends not only for themselves
but for us, their countrymen,
wherever they 60 because they fol-
low the manners, honor the GUS
toms and consider the point of
view of the people whose lands
they visit. But many Others travel
with their eyes and ears shut tight.
lacking understanding. not making
friends, and deriving small bene-
fit from their journeys.
Prepare Ourselves
How to prepare ourselves to ac-
quire understanding is the prob
lem. During the war we trained
our men how to behave themselves
overseas. Now we civilians should
make the effort to prepare our
selves for travel. Instead of de-
voting all your time to guidebooks
concerned with past history and
museums, read Tin translation
the best modern novels and stories
Evening star., 1945-11-25

that will tell you about the
thoughts and habits of the people
you will visit.
l do not want to dissuade you
from studying art or history, but l
should rather persuade you to find
out about the everyday customs
of the people and what they think.
Building a bridge between our
selves and people of another land
requires much adaptability. When
we are in Latin countries, if we
try to be twice as polite as seems
courteous to us, we'll just about
escape being labeled rude! Even
the British, who are quite as cold
as we, if not more so, say Good
morning" on entering store.
Don't BE Rude
1T WOULD be rude to refer to
Australia as a colony" 1t is a
great nation and Australians think
of themselves as such. Alcohol or
pork in any form - even a pig
skin object - should never be
offered to a Moslem. And re-
member that all nations dis
like Dragging and showing off.
Our greatest fault. it is said, is
thinking that the best of every
thing should be given to US be-
cause we can pay for it. If we are
going to get any more than just
what dollars can buy, the pay
ment we should make is some
thing more and quite apart from
dollars. Dollars, pounds, francs,
rubles, yens - all of these buy
objects, but they don't buy
single gesture of welcome, admira-
ton, sympathy or understanding.
A little thought, preparation,
want to know, want to under
stand and want -to-be-liked would
60 such a long way!
Released by The Bell Syndicate. Inc.
Evening star., 1945-11-25
BE not the last
to Try the new
Ia good rule
If you by chance think Tompox
is"verynew" please remember
millions of women now use il

Back when
Tampax really
waS new, users
could call them
selves pioneers
but only for a
while. For the
difference" be-
tween Tampax
and the olderme-
thod of month
Evening star., 1945-11-25

See yourseD as others see you...
and send for the Ry-krisp plan!
Such an easy way for the normal
overweight to lose pounds,
yet have tasty low-calorie meals
like this: chicken livers, green
beans. corn and green pepper,
chef salad, skim milk, Ry-krisp.
Evening star., 1945-02-11

Academy at Annapolis in 1913 oWd nod ettoiaed the
proetiec. He ossistoat Uated Stotes ottosney
here from 1895 to 1882 when he resigned to become
dsos Of the School Of Economics end Government ct
kotioroI University. foseded By his grandfather ond
Iotes needed BY his father, the ote Cho'les Frones
Covusi
Comdr cosvs wo. ossisseat choaeelor Of the school
when he lett 70 90 On oetive dssy with the Navy in
Morek ls4. He lives at $500 Dexter street NV. with
his wife and two dosshten.
This is one Of series Of postroits Of deeosoted
fighting men BY kewmea Ssdduth Of The Stofs
art stoH
Evening star., 1945-02-11

For "eocspxsos. sallon,r ord rtsepdity' IN Of
saNizins his commend On me French eoost doy.
Cemds. Covssi, 80, wos recently oworded the Silver
Stos Medol.
The eitetion sold Comdr Cosss ionded snder
severe eombot conditions ds'irs the first stoss Of
The inve,on ond succeeded in organizing flsd Site
otion over the beech bottoioa he commended -Four
doys offer the Ioadins. Amereon bullet accidentally
posed tksossk his shoulder oad book. He tokes
70 hospsol in Enslond and ater flown beck to this
country. Ne is now On dsty in the office Of the
Judge Advocate GeWerol hesc.
Comdr. Corus is member Of Of the Oldest fomi-
lies IN Washington He s'odsotcd from she Nevol
The Wrangell sentinel., 1945-11-23

heights thst nt would he extremely difficult for people to maintain themselves here.
 Tt would cause such an increase In prices that corresponding in creases in wages and salaries would be instantly demanded and failure to secure them would cause a gen. eral exodus from the Territory.
 ''Tt would cause a great increase in the cost of operation of all government agencies in Alaska whose budgets are prepared a year in advance and which could scarce ly accomodate themselves to so drastic a change without corre- spending action by the bureau of the budget and the Congress in itself a tremendous undertaking.
 Tn past years I have proposed to the Territorial Legislature eer- tain changes in our tax system to raise more revenue by trying to reach the considerable numbers of businesses, groups and individuals now virtually untaxed by the Ter ritory of which the steamship com panies incidently are outstanding examples since they pay no terri torial tax whatsoever. The result of such tax measures, if adopted would have been to supply the Territory with funds for roads, airports, schools, hospitals and for projects and services generally ben eficial to Alaska which in turn would have built up it's economy. But no taxes ever proposed would have added up to anything ap- preaching so staggering a total as this prospective levy which would be handed to three Seattle steam ship companies, and none of the benefits of which would be left in the territory. Every cent of this increase-amountin annually to three times our Territorial budget will go to absentee business en- terprises and nonresident employ ees. It is the stockholders of these
The Wrangell sentinel., 1945-11-23

would be started in Bsatrle late this month and that there was a strong belief that rates would be increased from eight to one murdered percent above prewar charges. Several hours later 1 re- ceived a further telegram from him saying that the Maritime Commis- sion had entered an order for the hearing to start in Seattle on November p with the hope of in- creasing rates, fares and charges for the Alaska service.
 This being Saturday afternoon when government offices are clos ed and Monday being likewise a holiday, 1t is not possible accurate ly to cite the data available on just how such an increase would affect Alaska. But I desire to state that our Territory might just as well fold up as a prOspectively thriving and develping part of the United States if one hundred per cent passenger and freight increase are imposed upon us, indeed any increases whatsoever would be seriously crippling.
 "The Steamshi rates long have been and are already excessive and higher than for any other equival- ent service. They should be drasti- cally reduced. My recollection is that the annual freight and pass enger bill of Alaska is about eight million dollars
 The proposal to double this, to add another eight million dollars which would be borne largely by the Alaska consumers, would drive cost of living to such astronomical
The Wrangell sentinel., 1945-11-23

companies who will receive div idends and their workers who will receive more wages. From their standpoint this is undoubtedly de- sirable but the entire staggering burden of this will be borne by the working people, the consuming public of Alaska and Alaska busi- ness of all kinds
 ''It may be alleged that request ed increase Or any part thereof will not be granted. My eleven years experience in the government indicates the contrary. could cite numerous examples to prove this. Tn 1889 the Alaska Legisla- ture adopted a memorial protest ing against high freight rates and asked for an investigation and relief I managed with some diff ficulty to secure this investigation by the United States Maritime Commission which was promised for the summer of 1940. Even after this investigation of existing high freight rates had been authorized the steamship companies raised their rates another fifteen percent in the spring of 194O.
 The commissions investigators came to Alaska, mSde a thorough stud yand not only reported vigor- ously against the increases but condemned some of the steamship company's practices. Nevertheless out of the commission came an order approving virtually every thing the companies had asked or were doing.
 Tn any event 1t is certainly not
 Continued on Page Three)
The Wrangell sentinel., 1945-11-23
uEMBER OF ASSOCIATED PRESS
STEAMSHIP RATES

Following is 8 statement issued by Governor Ernest Gruening on the threatened rise in freight rates for Alaska:
 "On Saturday morning, Noyem- Der 10, l received a telegram from Delegate Bartlett that He had been advised informally that at the re- quest of the War Shipping Admin istration, an Alaska rate hearing
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Baird Calls Loans
Ito Elliott Roosevelt
Private investments
Nv the Associated press.

By the Associated Press.
MONTCLAIR. N. j.. July ST.
David @. Baird, New York insurance
executive, described as private and
personal investments" the loans
| totaling $4,000 made by himself
and a business acquaintance to Ell
lott Roosevelt in 1889 In which the
two lost approximately $4,000 when
the Texas radio network business
venture of the late Presidents son
failed.
The loans were entered into for
profit because the loan carried for
the lenders an option, to purchase
stock in the network at the original
offering price" Mr.. Baird said, land
the gains could have been substan-
tial. The companies did not turn
out to be profitable, and the loans
were hquidated at losses to the
lenders"
He said that through payment
and salvage" he recovered about
$50 900 on a $4,000 loan and that
his acquaintance, Maxwell M. Bilof-
sky, radio tube and electrical ap-
Iparatus manufacturer, recovered
about $40, 900 on a $4,000 loan.
Boought No Stock.
Mr.. Baird said the lenders never
purchased stock in the network.
He said he recovered as much as
he did because Elliott Roosevelt gave
him some Transcontinental Broad
casting Co. stock as collateral. He
said he had known young Roose-
welt, now a brigadier general in the
/ Army, for number of years, but
only In business way, and added
that, as far as he knew, President
Roosevelt was never appraised of the
loan. He termed himself q political
independent with no political con-
nections, and said he had never
had any Government contracts or
negotiations.
Counsel for John Hartford, presi-
dent of the Great Atlantic SE Pa
cific Tea Co., revealed recently that
| MI. haruIorQ nau loSt $l9o,OOO OF
y $500 900 loan to Gen. Roosevelt
and written 1t OF as a bad debt in
his 1912 income tax return.
Silent ON Tax Angle.
When queried about the tax angle
Of his loan, Mr.. Baird replied. mo
comment"
The insurance man said he had
nothing to add" to a statement
made Tuesday by Mr.. Bilofsky,
Newark manufacturer, that he
loaned Gen. Roosevelt 1000, took
as collateral 500 shares in Texas
Radio Network stock, which later
proved worthless, and recovered q
total Of $20, 800 on the loan.
The loan was arranged by Mr..
Baird, Mr.. Bilofsky said, when he
was helping Gen. Roosevelt raise
funds to buy the network.
Mr.. Bilofsky said he did not
claim the transaction as loss for
income tax purposes.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
Leopold DeIoys Throne
Decision, Brussels Suys
BY The Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
BRUSSELS, July 5.-The newspa-
paper LIE Soir said yesterday that
King Leopold III, after consulting
with many advisers, had proposed
to wait until after elections are
held In Belgium before deciding
whether to abdicate.
1t probbaiy would require at least
six months to hold the elections.
The newspaper said the sover-
eign's proposal caused violent
reaction" among the anti-Leopold
coalition OF Liberals, Communists
and Socialists.
Evening star., 1945-07-05
pporting Federal Fair Employment Practice Legislator

Natisaai Nesrs Insurance Association
National Urban LeaKus
National Wsnsn's Trade Uaisn Lsasas h
Americ&
Nesrs Newspaper Publishers Assssiatiss
Postwar wsrld CsaneM
PresbyteriaH General Assembly
sixms Gamma Rhs Bsrsrity
Southern Conference for MnAan welfare
ssathsrn Tenant Farmers Unisa
study Conference en- Jwst ana Durable fsase
Unisn Of American Hebrew CsngrswstisAs
UnisR fer Demseratic AetisH
Units4 AntsMsbiie workers Of America tCko1
United Council Of Church wsns.
Uphslntersrs IHtsrnatisnAl Unisn sf Narkh
Amsries tAFLl
Wsnsa's Division Il Ohristssa Service.
Msthsaist ChureA
wsnsa's Bivisiss sf Ne A.sslsen Jewish
Censress
wsmsn's IzssrMatasasl Ls~sss fer Peace sad
Freedom
workers Dassnss LsaEws
xsuar Meas Christian Assasiaties.
National Raasa
YssnE wsnss's christiaH Assssississ.
Nssasnsf Hssr1
Evening star., 1945-07-05

An Appeal to the Members
Of the House Of Representative
Honorable Sirs:
the Employment hands t,
control of the House
APPROXIMATIONS
discussing vodns
Of almost TO n abbrobrado" for its continuance
MeF
available eliminate
Practices udm Unless
bohe"e broken nothing discrimination"
the United States before which had racial
Of fair mdinhhsn smi
Var
colleagues
to path the
FEPC and discussion
(NlRsy ANNA ARNoID IEDGEN1AN Executive Secretary
This is zv1at of the leaders OF the
Nation haze said about the need OF FEPC:
President
s Pts % s sssa % % ss i 's
The " s i , "st % Christian @ ."s'sd % & s e. d @ s4 h s e @ Of his character and ability
A. Z. D, Leader,
praced emploe snplye is immra
if they ommued murder.
President American nJeysGCos
FEPC Racial religious dhern
oil democray an io the of dfGsm
H President Co1neaf Ch~es
~ tb e de o a m dz if W. expect
dom survive
President, america GonofLa
G %s % Fnsc s r % % ] and n ssis de- . % s"
hd
President Congress of tasnido sai.ao",
tina the Congress by the to henG
pem asenc,h now serve nc n the h ans h
smereat San Francisco
Partial List Organizations Supporting
~ - MM ~
~ ~ auhwm naa ~ National " -
~rnaAsnA
LwOn ~ ~
.~ ~sha uwa.d d -~ -~
~ E ~ M
ii
~ Genie -~ -~ NHmn ~ ~ - ~ ~~ ~~
h hU - II A H Ca
o U0 0 R~ R~ or
Maag nnnmm ~ ax~a II
~s" " . ahsa s~%.
Evening star., 1945-07-05

Jewish Labor Comnittee
Jewish War Veterans Of the United States
LeaEue Of United Latin American Citizens
March washinrtsn
Methodist Church, General Conferences
Methodist Minister Unien
Millinery Workers, Joint Board tAFD
National Alliance Of Postal Empisyes
National Association for the AdvaAeemsnt S
Colsred People
National Association sf CslereS Graauats
Nurses
National Mar Association
National clio Csmnittee to Abolish Rasiai
Diserimina atien
National Community ReIatisns Advissry CeuaeH
National Conference Of Christians And Jews
National Consumers LeaEue
National Council Of Catholic Women
National Ceunci Of Jewish Women
National Council Of Nesrs Women
National CeuneiI or Student Christian Asseeia-
items
National Csunen fer Permanent FERC
National Farmers Union
NatisnaI Federation fer Constitutional Liberties
NatisnaI LsaFws sf wsAe@ SksSsers
Evening star., 1945-07-05

Aiphs Kappa AIpha sersrity
Aneriean Association Of University Women
American Civil Liberties Unien
Americas Friends Service COMMITTEES
American Jewish Committee
American Jewish Congress-
American Unitarian Association
American Unitarian Ye#th
Baai Firth
Catholic Interraciai CesncH
Central Conference of American Rabbits
Csmmsn CsuneiI fer American Unity
CsnxreEationaI Christian Churches
tCeanei fer Social AetienD
CsnEress Of Industrial 0rEanixstiens
Delta SiEma Theta Sorority
Evangelical and Reformed Church General synsd
Federal Council Of the Churches Of
Christ In America
Fraternal Council Of Negro Churches In Amsrica
InSrsvsd Rensvslent q Protective Order
Of Hks sf the Werld
International Brstherhssd Of Sleeping Oar
Psrters (AFL)
I.tsrnatisHaI Ladies' Garnsat Workers Unien
~ America tAFLl
fsss Phi lambda gsrsrssy
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11

1t was just small Office and an elderly wonl-
an was saying into the telephone, Monday
through Friday. Well be sure to have some
one there"
There was homework being handled as
business, by specialists. 1--WE employ twenty
one women she told me- AFTER the war, we
expect to expand by leaps and bounds. But
we insist on thoroughly trained housewofll-
ers of high enough caliber to be bonded.
They work standard industrial hours. get
wages comparable to those paid in industry.
and, of course. come under social security.
They go mostly on standing orders"
So this is the way we are moving: Special
services will take care of cleaning houses,
answering the telephone, watching the young
sters, supplying complete meals.
Farewell to the servants. Here comes your
service The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-03-11

lar schedules - if we are willing and able to
accept their job standards, which will be high.
;. Meantime, more and more household
work will be done by specialists, sent out by
business organizations. Central kitchens will
cook our meals DISTINGUISHING services will
take away dirty dishes, bring them back
clean. Special service organizations will take
telephone orders for anything from making
beds and mopping floors to handling all the
details of a dinner party.
Let's go back to Point l. At the YWCA,
l talked with enough former houseworkers
to find out where they stand. They don't in
tend to go back as old-fashioned servants.
They don't like the idea of being servants,
and they don't like the hours and wages.
Work Less, Earn More
A CAPABLE-LooKINC. middle-aged woman
told me she used to work 60 hours week as
a cook; now she was working "a hours week
in factory, and getting nine dollars more
week for it. A younger woman said she had
worked u hours as maid; she worked 40
hours now, and her wages were doubled.
Said studious-lookmg girl in bone-rimmed
glasses: when was houseworker, had to
know how to cook, sew, do delicate launder-
ing, dress hair, mend furniture, take care of
children scientifically. and operate dozen
modern mechanical appliances. Now work
in factory, and all l do is sit and push a
lever But as houseworker, l was nobody;
now, because work in factory, I'm re-
spected citizen
The YWCA secretary handed me clip
ping. Il think this is the way many of the
girls feel" she said.
The clipping was a report of the speech
at the New York Herald Tribune Forum by
Miss Elsa Graves, chairman of the National
Industrial Council of the YWCA, former
housemaid now operating cotton crane in
steel plant Il, for one," it quoted Miss
Graves as saying, would enjoy doing house
work again - providing could live as do
now wouldn't mind split shift, four hours
in the morning and four hours in the evening
During those hours you could get breakfast,