davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
The Sports Trail
BY WHITNEY MARTIN

the Germans gave the woods
good going over with artillery dur
ing your nap.
At ITO or 50 miles an hour you
cover much ground quickly, so that
green grove up ahead must have
been the place you finally met your
new outfit and were greeted with
curious stares by the already bat.
tie weary veterans of the 26th Di-
vision, who armed up when they
learned you were volunteers who
had been in service as long as
they. They were Haverhill, Mass,
boys with cocky little topkick
named Paddy Hughes and a bat
terry commander named Morrison
from Memphis who knew his bust
ness.
Still farther on you could see
white, zig gag lines which you were
told were trenches of the Fi%t
World War which never had been
filled in and you wondered if you
had wallowed in the ankle-deep
mire of those same trenches with
the stencil of death all about and
the bodies of German troops lying
In grotesque poses.
1t all looked so peaceful now.
and it was difficult to believe q
years had passed and another evsn
bloodier war had been fought and
.'on and that you were over here
as a postwar correspondent to look
over the sports setup designed for
the verterans of this second war.
1t is all over in matter OF
minutes, this second journey over
the Aisne-Maren battle-ground, but
those minutes, with little help from
Imagination. bring back the past
in vivid relief and for the time
football and baseball and track
and swimming seem very far away
indeed.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
AIRMEN TO MEET
CITY OPTICIANS

The fourth game of the City
softban championship series will
get underway tonight at Robert
Strange park at 8 o'clock. Last
nights scheduled game was rained
out.
The Bluethenthal Army All Base
is leading the City Optical club
with two victories against one de-
feat. The series will run for seven
games Or until one team has won
four games.
Expected to take the mound
for the Air Base team tonight is
John Kozan, ace hurler, who is
credited with six no-hit games this
season. The remainder of the
Filters lineup will be as usual.
Manager Louis Keith of the Eye
men will more than likely call
upon Clyde Jordon to take the hill
for the Opticians. Burney Coving-
ton will be on the receiving end
and the rest of the lineup will re-
main unchanged.
Neal Cockerham, city softbal]
commissioner said that prepare
tons are being made for the City
Optical team to represent the City
in the State softball tournament
to be held next week at Greens.
boro.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
NEWHOUSER WINS
FOR WASHINGTON
Detroit Hurler Works Ind
ian Sign To Lick Sena-
tors, 81

DETROIT, Aug. 16.-P)-Work.
ing his Indian sign' at Washing
toms expense again, Hal New
houser pitched the Detroit Tigers
to 8 to victory over the Sena.
tors today for his 18th triumph OF
the season and his 10th straight
victory over the Mats in two years.
Newhouser allowed only six hits,
walked four and famed seven
men to bring his season strikeout
total to 1913.
The Tigers, increasing their
American League lead to 8 IL
games, pounded Marino Piereti
out of the box with a six-run up
rising in the fifth inning, when
10 men batted, and went on to
register IA hits off. Pieretti and
Santiago Ulrich.
Roy Cullenbine, with a triple
and two singles, drove in three
Detroit runs while Buddy Lewis
punched both of Washington S
scores across with single and a
double.
The game attracted IS, 681 paying
spectators, smallest crowd here in
fo11y Jouc
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
Nv WHITNEY MARTIN

paRlS. Aug. 49, tN'- 1t looked
..'rv peaceful down there in the
' tternoon sunshine. From a few
.ahonsand feet in the air detaik
'.. invisible and the panorama
.etded neat little villages, pre-
lD 'sa iig-saw pieces of farm land,
t sark green patches that were
MOVIES Vow Of trees and here and there
s..nding ribbons or silvery strings
.bat we're roads or streams.
'' T. looked very peaceful, indeed,
~ when crewman Identified a
. Wv larger than Che others as
chateau Thierry and the biggest
urn osrnet Of dark trees as Belleau
W yr, and a larger silvery string
=, the Marine, your mind drifted
a. 27 years to days when the
,rarne was red and violent death
I Iirted over every sodden inch OF
terrain.
vi, tried to pick out woods and
.osds and buildings that were ia
noilar 1t was impossible as imagi-
nation plays strange tricks. That
r.,l0 village down there, for in.
.+snce You would almost swear
fiat was the place you retained
= tbe chill, wet early morning
tours of July day and for the
fret time heard the distant rumble
NJ Guns and saw the horizon to
.be North flashing with what seem
ID 10 be heat lightning, but was
There is that road winding along
Tho Marine il Chateau Thierry and
leading to bridge which nc
longer was bridge when last
ron saw it. Oddly enough, the
bridge still seemed to be out, SO
vou might not be too far wrong
on that one.
# was on temporary bridge
+,ere that, dog weary and groggy
and mud caked, you passed three
women and nothing ever sounded
better than their CHEEKY, Ameri-
ran good morning" when y gu
erected them in what was meant
10 be French.
That cluster of trees down
there That hight be the grove
where they dumped you and told
Won 10 remain until assigned to a
unit. and where you rolled up in
shelter half and dropped off to
sleep. unconscious of the fact that
battery of 1855 was blasting
away hundred yards ahead and
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
Norfolk Gets Chance
AT Legion Ball Title

SUMTER, S. c., Aug. 16.-P)-
Norfolk, which trounced Woodruff
So today in the Ninth Regional
American Legion Junior Baseball
tournament, will have a chance at
the Championship if they win over
Shelby tonight.
A Shelby victory tonight would
give them the tournament crown.
In today's encounter Cosmidas
broke up the game in the eighth
with triple after Griggs had sin
gled. Comidas came home a few
minutes later on balk from Wad-
dell.
Woodruff -------- oos 900 ooo-3 s 3
Norfolk - 1O2 600 Ocx-5 6 |
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
RIIDDY BEST KOS
BELMONT FIGHTER

CHARLOTTE. Aug. 1e.-Buddy
Best. 1873 pounds, of Wilmington,
knocked out Guy Brown, 148
pounds, of Belmont, in S. seconds
of the third round of scheduled
six-rounder on the Matte Brown.
JOHNNY benson card here Wednes-
dav night.
Brown opened two cuts over
Best's eyes with head butts. After
two rounds of clever jabbing by
Best, he unleashed a furious bar
rage with both hands.
A near-capacity crowd at the
armory here regarded this bout
as the best of the evening.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
BUGS To Meet Soldiers
On Home Field TONIGHT

Best Kites Wilmington Pirates
will play the Fort Bragg Medical
Detachment club at Legion Field
Saturday night at $3.50 o'clock.
The Medico's are reported to
have very fast club, with several
well known professional and semi
pro players on their roster. Red
Johnston, pitcher who hurled for
Harvard University in 1910, will
get the mound assignment. In
the event he falters the Pillrollers
have Dick Montrose and Steve
Jordon to fall back on. All three
hurlers have excellent records,
both before entering the service
and with the Fort Bragg aggrega-
ton.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
CARDINALS BLANK
POOR PHlLLlES, Al

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 16.IR)-
Two-hit pitching of Ken Burkhart
and circuit slouts by Buster
Adams and Pep Young brought the
st. Louis Cardinals a 40 triumph
over the Philadelphia Pl lilies to-
day before the sea"on's largest
ladies day crowd of 5,949 at Shi%e
Park.
Only Vince DiMaggio and Andy
Seminick were able to nj - Burk-
hart for singles as he rang up
his 18th win against seven defeats.
DiMaggio stole second and was the
only Blue Jay to reach that point.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

The pitching selection for the
locals has not been decided upon
by Manager Kite. He said that he
may send utility man Roy Lamb,
to the mound. Pate Fish and
JOHNNY Wilbourne, both saw action
in Wednesdays game when the
SWansboro Marines took a IL in
ming contest from the Buccaneers.
Master Sergeant Henry l.. Had
ley, Jr., manager of the Medico' S
said that his club has a good rec
ord at the Fort Bragg post. The
Medical men defeated the Second
Regiment Colonies, 3 to 2, several
weeks ago. The Colonies defeated
the Pirates here at Legion Field
last month.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
Cyclists To Peddle
For National Title

CHICAGO, Aug. 16.-(P)- The
National Amateur Bicycle Cham
pionships, held for the first time
since 1941, will send $50 of the
country's top pedalders into action
at Humboldt Park Saturday and
Sunday.
Riders from coast to coast will
race for titles in mems senior, wo-
mems senior, boys junior and stock
bike classes.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
100 Coaches Seek
Post At MARYLAND

COLLEGE PARK, Md, Aug. 16.
University of Maryland
needs a new head football coach
quick and there are more than
100 applicants for the job, but there
won't be any hasty decision even
if DR.. H. c. (Curley) Byrd himself
has to take over temporarily.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
CINCINNATI WINS
TWO FROM BRAVES

BOSTON, Aug. is. -P)- After
losing 10 straight, the Cincinnati
Reds turned on the Braves today
and took both ends of a. double
header SO and 8-3.
It was the first time the Feds
have won both ends of a double
header since July q when they
took two from the Giants at Gin
cinnati.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

Errors: Kreevich. Torres. Myatt. Runs
batted in: Lewis 2. Greenberg 2. Maier,
CullAnbine 3. York. Richards. Newhous-
or Two base rits: Lewis. Webb. Three
base hits: York. Cullenbine. Sacrifices:
Blnks. Boron 2. Double plays: Cliff,
Myatt and Kuhel; Pieretti and Cliff;
Webb. Boron and York. Left on bases {:
Washington. 7. Detroit 6. Bases on balls
Newhoueer d. Strikecuts: Pieretti l. Ull-
rich !, Newhouser 7. Hits. off Pieretti II
in 2-3 innings; Ullrich in 1-3. Los
l;'p pitcher: Pieretti. Umpires: Hubbard,
Rue and Berry. Time: 1853. Attendance:
IS 681.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
PROBABLE PITCHERS

NEW YORK, Aug. 16.-(P--Probable
pitchers for tomorrow's major league
games. with won and lost records in
parentheses:
National League
Pittsburgh at New York-Cuccurollo
u-3) or Gables (8-3) vs. Brewer (4-3).
Chicago at Brooklyn-Passeau Q3-4
vs. Gregg Q5-S).
st. Louis at Philadelphia might -
Z. Barrett Q7-5) VS.. R. Barrett (4-16)
Only games scheduled
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

zzBatted for Hendrickson in 9th.
Score by innings:
Cincinnati ------------ 900 600 041-5
6OSlOn uUE Ouo WV
Errors: Unser. Cutler. Runs batted in :
Unser 2, Lipke, Holmes 3. Two base hits /:
Unser, Bowman. Home runs: Unser.
Holmes 2. Stolen bases: Bowman. Sacri-
fees: Williams. Double plays: Unser,
Mesner and williams; Wietelmann and
Shupe; Workman and Shupe. Left on
bases: Cincinnati 4, Boston 6. Bases on
balls: Hutchings 3, Hendrickson l.
Strikeouts: Bowman 4, Hutchings 2. Hits,
off Hutchings S in innings; Hendrick-
son q in g Wild pitches: Bowman,
Hutchings, Hendrickson Losing pitcher:
Hutchings Umpires: Magerkurth, Ste
wart, Ballanforte. Time: 1855. Attend
ance: $4,000 (estimatedl.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

If transport pilot should stay
OIL an airWay for three months.
MS authority to fly over it is au-
tomatlcally Cancelled.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

New York at St. Louis might)-Bon-
ham (4-10) VS.. Kramer Gid.
Washington at Detroit-Heafner I'll
l0) VS.. Trout Q1-1D or Overmire (8-8)
Boston at Chica go-Johnson (2-2) VS.
Humphries (6-9.
Philadelphia at Cleveland - Newson
(6-15) VS.. Smith (5-8).
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17
STANDINGS
RESULTS YESTERDAY
American League

RESULTS YESTERDAY
American League
Washington 2, Detroit g.
New York at st. Louis (night).
Boston at Chicago might.
Philadelphia at Cleveland (night).
National League
st. Louis 4, Philadelphia 0.
Chicago l, Brooklyn 2.
Cincinnati 5-8, Boston 3-3.
Pittsburgh at New York night.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17


zBatted for Cooper in 4th.
zzBatted for Logan in 9Th
zzzBatted for Hutchings in 9th.
Score by innings:
Boston - 100 900 110-3
Errors: Miller. Workman. Runs batted
In: Upton 4, Clay. Mccormick 2, Miller,
Ramsey. Holmes, Wietelmann. Two base
hits: Lipke, Aderholt. Home runs: TIP
ton. Miller. Holmes. Double plays: Gull
Ter. Wietelmann and Shupe: Workman,
Wietelmann ana Shupe; Mesner .and
Williams. Left on bases: Cincinnati 4.
Boston 10. Bases on balls: Kennedy 4,
Cooper 2. Hutchings I. Strikeouts: Ken
nedy l, Cooper 3, Wright l. Logan l.,
Hutchines l. Hits. off Cooper in in
nlngs; Wright in %; Logan in 1-3;
Hutchings in Q; Lee 0 iii l. Losing
pitcher: Cooper. Umpires: Stewart, Bal
lanfante, Magerkurth. Time. Time: 1:56;
Attendance: 1567a.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

Heinrich Schliemann discovered
the buried cities in the great
mound of Troy. The mound itself
was about 1875 feet high, but I'll
nine buried cities were found after
digging onlv so feet.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

Errors Rice, Brown q Runs batted in:
Rosen, Seats, johnson. Two base hits:
Walker. Brown, Becker. Three base hit:
Pafkn. Double plays: Johnson Merullo
and Becker 2. Left on bases: Chicago g.;
Brooklyn 9. Base on balls: Seats 3; Chip
! man l. Strikeouts: Wyse 1, Chapman l,
Seats d. Hits. off Wyse in innings;
Chapman 2 n 20: Gandenberg in 10.
Losing pitcher: Wyse. Umpires: Sears,
Barr end Dunn. Time: 2:O5. Attendance:
1882 paid.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

NEW YORK, Aug. 49, Up Major
Games of Aug 16:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-17

Totals ---l-- "a
xBatted for Merullo in 9th.
xxRan for Secory in 9th.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
New York Giants Will Have
Regular Lineup For Opening

Lakewood, n. j.. Apr. Gap 49,
The New York Giants finished fifth
in the National League last year,
3s games back Of the pennant-win-
ming Cardinals and eight behind
the fourth place Cubs. but they'll
be the only team in the loop to
break from the barrier on April 16
with their 1914 regular lineup in
tact.
There is one little II to the above
statement but Manager Mel OFT IS
not unduly worried The IF" IS
Joe Medwick. whose sacroiliac
started acting up again a couple Of
days ago. The veteran left fielder
was promptly shipped off to New
York for treatment with instruc-
tions to stay away from the train
ing camp as long as necessary.
Il have high hopes that Joe will
be okay by a week from next Tues
day" said OFT today as the Giants
prepared to depart Sunday from
their camp in the pines. He was
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
Nelson Ahead.
Seeks Eighth

Atlanta, Ga, Apr. Gap Big
Byron Nelson, the precision man Of
golf, with a record Of seven tourn
aments won on the winter tour,
was off to a good start today to-
ward taking an eighth.
His fiyeunder-par Ct in the first
round of the $4,000 Iron Lung open
was as terrific as the wind and
gave him a five-stroke lead.
The Toledo. Ohio, shotmaster, liv-
ing up to his billing as COLTS me-
chanical man, seemed to be about
the only player not bothered by
the gale like winds sweeping the
Capital City Club.
The wind was so bothersome that
besides Nelson, Of course-only
two men equalled par, Sammy
Snead of Hot Springs, Va, and jug
McSpaden of Sanford, Me, the
other big money winners this year.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
Red Wings to
Open Series

Detroit, Apr. 6-AP-Confdent
of winning the Stanley Cup for the
second time in three years, the De.
troit Red Wings engage Toronto's S
Maple Leafs before an anticipated
capacity crowd here tonight in the
first game Of the National Hockey
Leagues World Series.
Red Wing hopes were bolsterea
by the report that sgd Howe. their
versatile center. would rejoin the
club for the first time since ne
was injured early in their semi-hnal
series with the Boston Bruins
Howe scored two goals and set up
ten others during regular season
play against Toronto
The Leafs proved cousins" to
the Wings during the season. win
ming only one of ten games and
losing eight others. They arrived
in Detroit determined to end this
situation in the cup finals. To ac-
complish this they will depend on
a veteran lineup which has consid-
er bly, more experience than that
Of Detroit. Eight Leafs were mem
bers Of the Toronto team that elm.
mated Detroit in the 1912 finals;
only six of the Red Wings date
back to the last Detroit Stanley
Cup winner which beat Boston in
1913.
Toronto has played in the Stan
ley Cup finals eight times since
1882, winning the cup in 1882 and
1912; Detroit was a finalist six
times in the same period, winning
in 1886, 1887 and 1943.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06

bothered little by the ailment
the first few days here but it came
around and he was humping the
ball like the Medwick of old"
If Medwick isn't able to start
the opening game, Leon Treadway,
who hit 800 in SO games with the
Giants last season, probably will
team with Johnny Rucker in center
and OFT in left.
The infield won't be the same as
played the final 1914 game but
all OF the men are veterans. Phil
Weintraub will be on first, little
George Hausmann again will hold
down second with Buddy Kerr at
shortstop and Nap Reyes on third.
Bill urges, hoping for one more
good season before retiring to a re-
Gently purchased restaurant bust
ness on Long Island, is the No. l
infield reserve.
Ernie Lombardi, still slow but in
better condition than he has been
for years, heads the catching staff
with Ray Berrs in the No. 2 spot.
II Harry Danning gets out of the
Army he'll give OFT some real
power behind the plate.
But It is the pitching stan that
the popular OFT expects to show
improvement and carry them into
the first division. He has a fine
array OF names headed by Bill
Voiselle, who led the league in
strikeouts with 10 while compil.
ing a 21 and 16 record.
OFT definitely expects a better
showing from Harry Feldman. who
had a 11-13 performance last sea-
son; Rube Fischer, apparently fully
recovered from a back airlment
that has checked him the last few
campaigns and the veteran Van
Mungo, who has been taking train
ing seriously. He also has on hand
two promising recruits in Herb
Balm and Bill Emmerich. And then
there is Ace Adams, the hard work
ing relief hurler. Adams, however,
has a questionable draft status
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
Nine to Lack Veterans
Dick Ross to
do Coaching

Roosevelt High School. 1914 base
ball champions OF the Huron
Leagues Western Division, will be
hard pushed to repeat this year,
with but one good outfielder and
four infielders back from last years
squad.
The squad will be working under
a new coach this season, Dick Ross,
a student Of the Normal College.
Lettermen from the 1914 team
are: Baldwin Batalucco, outfielder;
and Lawrence Bales, Ted Taylor
Dick Drew and Scott Woods, in
fielders.
Newcomers to the squad are: Joe
Kits, Bob Schaffer, Ray Parker.
Lester Appl, Jim Harris, Jack Min
zey, james Meadows, Jack Flory,
Jim Rynearson, Keith Woodward,
Dean Smith, Dan Mclean, Kick
Barenow, David Prince, Norman
Shedd. Bob Baker, Bill Fiorito.
Ronald Jones, Ted Herrit, Leonard
Herrst and Jim Vealey.
Success of the track team this
year is likely to depend largely up
on Coach A. d. Walkers finding
candidates for the dashes, the half
mile, and jumps.
He has men returning this year
TO bolster the distances and the
hurdles events.
Melvin Salem and Allen Burrell
return in the 4i0 (quarter mile)
events. Clark Poster will run the
mile again this year. The hurdles
will doubtless be the strong point
Of the squad with the return OF
Bill Bair, 1914 state champion in
the class c low hurdles. Keith Cum
| drum, another veteran hurdler, Will
| be back also.
There are several new men work
| ing out this year and including Ted
Apsey, jim Webber, James Chap
pelI, Keith Miller, Ray Abrahams,
Jim Pally, Jerry Connolly, Bruce
Thompson, Allen Hertler, David
Hertler. Bill Sweet, Dick Wright,
Donald Vest, Alden Parker, Larry
Thomas. Oliver Campbell, Edward
1 Allen aud Paul Sutherland.
The schedules follow, but are
subject to change at any time
/ since the school must adapt its
| schedule to the NOrmals.
Baseball Schedule
April lS-PlymOuth. here.
April 2i-Milan, here.
April 27-Saline, there.
May chelsea, there.
May saline, here.
Nav S-Milan, there.
May l5-Chelsea, here.
May 1S-Edison Institute, at
Dearborn.
May 3l-Mnoroe, there.
Track Schedule
April IL Inyitational Meet, at
University Of Michigan.
April 24-Adrian, here.
April 27-Open.
May 3-U-High, here.
May S-Open.
May 11-Huron League Meet,
here.
Ma y16-Lincoln, there.
May 19-Regional Class c, here.
May 26-State Meet, Lansing.
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
HAS BUFFALO MEAT

Cold water-Coldwater residents
who lack ration points and have
a taste for buffalo meat can form
in line today before farm-owner
Edwin B. Cutters. Buffers pur,
chased about 300 head of buffalo
from the Federal Government of
which he plans to slaughter and
sell point-free as a rarity. The buf-
fslo were due to arrive from Grand
Island, Neb.
The AIRY recently purchased
$4,000 plastic harmonicas
The Ypsilanti daily press., 1945-04-06
Sports Roundup

ChicagoAPChicago boxing and wrestling promoters will get a
legislative bill
Illinois
which introduced
last month
York-APTony Youngstown Ohio OF the
promising young the big tonight
Nicholas Humbeo Zay OF Mex
leo City.
YorkAPTwo head coaching jobs the National
cub into their annual player
another
which probably will with the Bos
Kop had head of its and
Steelers had named to Walt esng
Chilean heavyweight box
champion heavyweight
boxer in 1870 Wednesday Pro
announced His opponent has not been
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1945-03-30

"and there seems to be a general dis
position to get bill out. One thing
appears certain. Compulsion is not
out the window"
There was discussion of a compro-
mise plan proposed by Senator Aus
tin, ranking minority Senate conferee
This plan, built upon the premise that
acute manpower shortages are not gen.
eral but exist only at some local levels,
would call for meeting of shortages
at local points through concentration
by representatives of labor, employ
ers, the Government and the VINO
management-labo committees on indi-
vidual problems. Compulsion would
be applied in the placement of work
ers only after these representatives
had agreed that all voluntary methods
had failed.