davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-08-25

by the commission, since all the nations
will be represented on the commission
as they will be in the Assembly.
The war with Germany ended during
the writing Of the Charter in San Fran
cisco. Since the Charter was completed,
the war with Japan has ended, too. De-
cidedly, the drafting Of the Charter came
none too soon. Outside Of the war ending,
the most important event bearing upon
world peace and the United Nations
organization has been the final develop
ment and use of the atomic bomb
most destructive Of all war weapons
by the United States, Great Britain and
Canada. There has arisen a controversy
over what must be done about this bomb
whether it shall be shared with Russia
and the other members OF the United
Nations. whether 1t shall be intrusted
to the Military Staff Committee of the
Security Council, or whether its secret
shall continue to be held solely by those
nations which united in its discovery.
President Truman made the fiat state
ment that for the present at least the
secret would be shared with no other
power
Obviously, the nation or nations which
can manufacture and use this bomb
have the world by the tail, if they insist
upon playing power politics. 1t is equally
true that they are in position to call
the bluff OF any other nation which
seeks to play power politics. or to grab.
1t seems quite likely that the question
OF what Is to be done about the secret
Of the atomic bomb, therefore, will
thrust itself to the fore when the
United Nations meet-if nothing fur
ther Is done about it before the Gen.
eral Assembly is called into session.
If there is to be peace it will be pos
sible only If the nations act in good
faith. especially the major powers. OBJ
viously If the United States and Britain
are able to develop secret weapons of
great power, other nations may do the
same. Scientists may be indigenous or
they may be hired. Serious considera-
ton, therefore, will eventually have to
be given to the advisability OF pooling
all these resources In the interests of
peace-with all these weapons available
to the Security Council
For the present, however, the secret
OF the atomic bomb is to be withheld
from the rest of the world. To with
hold 1t forever would be an act of
distrust, sowing seeds Of future trouble.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
For Chinese Unity

The announcement by Mao Tse-
tung. Chinese Communist leader,
that he is sending a representative
to confer with Generalissimo Chang
Kai-shek is hopeful though by no
means conclusive indication that
China will be able to compose her
internal difficulties without resort
to full-fiedged civil war.
Mao is reported to have said that
he has agreed to the meeting with
the generalissimo "for the sake of
unity" This, If true, represents
decided about-face on his part, for
he had already rejected one invita-
tion to meet with Chang and has
turned deaf ear to all appeals from
American representatives for a rec
onciliation. Since this period of
intransigence. however. there have
been drastic changes in China.
The Japanese have capitulated,
enabling Chang, If need be, to turn
the full strength of his government
forces against the Communists. And
of probably even greater significance
is the negotiation of settlement
OF outstanding differences between
Chungking and Moscow. The con-
tents of this treaty. signed several
days ago in the Russian capital,
have not been made public, but
there is reason to believe that its
terms preclude any assistance to the
Chinese Communists from the Rus
slams. In this event, If the Russians
had been giving any assistance or
encouragement to Macs forces, that
source OF aid is cut of for the future.
And even II the Russians have been
keeping hands of throughout the
years OF internal strife, the Chinese
Communists could always hope that
this policy eventually would be re-
vised in their favor. II the signing
OF the Sino-Soviet treaty means that
this hope is dead, 1t Is reasonable to
believe that Mao has been forced to
the conclusion that he has no alter
Evening star., 1945-08-25

quarter Of the debt. Then Britain
would pay q quarter In cash and thus
scale down the debt to about $8,O00,-
100000. Whereupon the United States
would provide the means to replace
5000, ,000, 900 or more Of this with long
term obligations.
Mr.. Aldrich suggested that free
movement of funds be provided in and
out of London. This set OF Labor
party protests, which seem to find quiet
but positive echoes in Conservative
quarters. The protests of Labor are, In
large part, the result Of the fact that
the Aldrich suggestion implied that
Labor should withhold its plans for q
managed economy. Conservative reac-
ton Is probably the result of resentment
that the United States should make any
suggestion about how Britain should
conduct her affairs.
1t was no easy matter to bring this
country to wholehearted acceptance of
Breton Woods. The failure OF the
British to support the plan may well set
of a good deal of hitherto suppressed
opposition.
The loans envisaged by these recent
British suggestions would enable the
new British government to finance
large plans for domestic reconstruction,
including naturalization. Then, through
nationalized Bank of England, large
loans could 60 to dominion and colonial
governments. All of which would con-
tribute to . situation in England to
which American advocates Of free
enterprise are directly opposed In short.
opponents Of socialism here cannot un-
derstand why the United States should
finance socialism In Britain. More
over, it Is doubly hard to do this at q
moment when the Murray-Wagner full
employment bill commits us to the
socialization Of job-making here.
II We are going to help England Il
Is only fair to insist that we do 1t
according to our own ideas, not those Of
Britain.
tReleased b. the Associated Newspaper, Ins.l
Evening star., 1945-08-25
Airport Errors
From the Fort Scott Tribune.


Some cities which couldn't wait to
spend large sums building elaborate
airports are beginning to wish they had
waited for actual needs to develop for
their airport services. They are Begin
ming to suspect airport needs as esti.
mated by even the best informed ad-
visers q few years ago have changed,
and that q lot of their money has
been badly spent.
The biggest mistake airport planners
seem to have made has been in going
too far away from town to find space
Tor large fields. Those fields may be
equipped to accommodate some of the
largest present-day planes, but that
may eventually prove a doubtful adj
vantage, when it Is found that most of
the use for municipal airports will be
Tor small planes whose passengers won't
want to find themselves from 80 min.
utes' to an hours car drive from town.
which Is their destination.
Driving time from airport to city NAV
easily Offset all the advantage there
Is In travelling by air. The prospect il
that a good many expensively built air.
ports out in the country are going to
revert to original pasture land after
smaller, more conveniently located
helds are constructed.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
QuisIinq

The full sordidness of the career
of Vidkun Quisling is now being dis
closed in detail as his trial unfolds
in an Oslo court. He aspired to be
Norway's fuehrer in Hitler's New
Order" and to this end there was
apparently no deed too base for him
to perform. AS presented by the
prosecutor and sifted by the Judge,
the evidence against him is damn
ing.
The charges range from petty
larceny to army desertion, from
bribery to murder, from revolution
ary conspiracy to high treason of a
character probably without parallel
in modern times. Nor has he offered
any semblance of a decent defense
SO far. He has been crudely eva
sive, glaringly contradictory
and at moments hysterical to the
point OF unreason. The most ef-
fective witnesses against him are
those who once sat in the seats of
the mighty in Nazi Germany. They
are not present in person, but their
letters and diaries and other docu-
ments are. and they all paint this
man as creature beside whom even
a Laval would seem second rate in
his line.
Long before it happened. he was
urging the Germans to fall treach-
erously upon the Norwegian people,
and he even drew up a strategic
plan for the action. He did this
thing for money and personal pow
er. He loved money and personal
power, but he did not love his coun-
try. He betrayed it; he sold 1t out;
Evening star., 1945-08-25

the native son did his cold -blooded
best to murder his native land. Sen
tence has not been passed on him
as yet, but unless there is some last
minute revelation to save him
which is highly unlikely-we do not
have to doubt what it will be.
Nor will Quisling be forgotten in
death, for Ahis own name-spelled
with small "q"-will live on in
most languages as monument to
him, a synonym for traitor, more or
less immortalizing him as a man of
shame. To what depths can greedi-
ness and vaulting ambition lead!
Evening star., 1945-08-25

native except to come to terms with
the generalissimo.
The principal factor casting doubt
on the outlook for any early and
peaceful agreement between Chang
and Mao is the activity of the troops
under the latter's command. Their
latest communique reports the cap
ture" Of three cities and the cutting
OF the Tientsin Peiping railroad.
This, coupled with the scramble for
surrendered Japanese weapons and
the demand for a full share in the
surrender negotiations with Japan,
is a rather curious approach to the
goal of internal unity. The decision
to meet with Chang, however, re-
mains as hopeful portent. At the
least, it affords opportunity for a
settlement If there is any genuine
desire to achieve the harmony which
Is so essential to the future of China,
Evening star., 1945-08-25
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

Ratification of the United Nations
Charter by each of the big Five" ma
tions has been completed within two
months Of the signing Of the historic
document in San Francisco. Already
number Of the Little 45"-the rest of
the SO nations which constitute the
United Nations - have ratified the
Charter, too. AS soon as % of them
have done so. the new organization for
world peace becomes a going concern.
The first of the Big Five to formally
ratify was the United States-and the
last, the United Kingdom. In the Sen
ate-which took action for this country
on the Charter-only two votes were
cast against it. Both houses of the Brit
lsh parliament gave approval without a
dissenting vote
The Executive Committee of the Prep
aratory Commission ffor' the United
Nations organization) Is pressing ahead
in London with its planning for the
first meeting of the General Assembly,
Edward R. Stettinius. jr., former Secre-
tary OF State and chairman of the Unit
ed States delegation which helped to
draw up the Charter, and by appoint
ment Of President Truman this coun-
trys member of the powerful Security
Council of the new organization, is on
his way to London, where a meeting of
the full commission, representative of
all the United Nations, may be expected
sometime in September.
The progress which has been made to-
ward successful establishment of the
United Nations organization, in a short
time, has been remarkable. The in
terdependence of nations must be recog-
nized. If there is to be peace with a real
chance for the peoples of the world
to improve their lot. The establishment
OF the organization, however is only
first step. 1t is the setting up of the
necessary machinery to preserve peace
The act of preservation comes later. A
program of preservation-an agenda
for consideration Of the General As
sembly when it is finally called together
is one of the most important tasks
OF the Preparatory Commission. That
body has also to pick a meeting place
for the General Assembly-its first
meeting place. The Assembly itself will
have the duty Of selecting a permanent
home for the organization. This may,
however, turn out to be the site selected
Evening star., 1945-08-25

free elections, because his regime would
be defeated. But he feels that he is
strongly supported by Moscow and Is
not likely to comply with the American
and British requests that represent
atives OF the Western democracies be
permitted to watch the polls.
In the meantime, another center Of
war infection" is reported in Mace
donia. The refusal of the Soviet gov
ernment to participate in the surveil-
lence Of the Greek elections is an i'll
omen for the pacif1cation Of the Bal
kans.
In the last few weeks the government
controlled radios in Yugoslavia and
Russia have been attacking the Greeks
for engaging in terroristic activities
against the Macedonians who recently
organized themselves into q so-called
independent" republic.
X 4
The creation of this new state, which
has not been recognized by any power,
would not be so bad. But, according
to reports trickling through the heavy
censorship, sizable army is now being
created there with the view to occu-
pying Salonika and make it the capi-
tai Of the state. Macedonia has been
closed to all foreigners. But somehow
news has come out that about three
divisions, composed Of Bulgars, Alba
mans, Greeks, members of the Elias
party, and Yugoslavs have been or
ganized under the command Of able
Russian officers. This force is being
constantly drilled and provided with
modern equipment which finds its way
into the mountains through Bulgaria
and Yugoslavia.
According to some observers, food and
medical supplies are reaching this army
from UNRRA supplies which are being
sent to Yugoslavia but cannot be con-
trolled by neutral agents in accord
ance with the provisions of the UNRRA
charter.
Officials of that organization who
happen to be American or British are
not allowed to leave the larger towns
to which they are assigned, therefore
cannot see what happens to the con-
signments from the United States. In
order to leave a city on the Dalmatian
coast, for instance, they require a mill
tary pass. This can be obtained only
after favorable report has been made
to the local military authorities by the
NolAS AusooAos poliCel dSeltS.
And, strangely enough, the OZNA
never gives favorable reports. Thus
after UNRRA supplies are landed in an
Adriatic port no one knows exactly
where it is sent and how it is used.
Friendly representations are said to
have been made in Moscow to put
stop to such activities, which may bring
another turmoil in South Eastern Eu-
rope. But for the time being the re-
suits are negative since Moscow claims
TO have no information whatever about
these alleged movements.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
This Changing World
By Constantine Brovn

While Russia's present attitude in
the Far East gives the impression that
she may wish to cooperate with her
allies, Moscow's policies in Europe are
still proving headache to Washington
and London.
This is particularly true in the Bal
kans, where millions OF Yugoslavs, Bull
garians, Romanians and Hungarians are
living under the terroristic regimes
established by dictators hand picked by
Moscow.
President Truman and Prime Minister
Attlee are endeavoring to live up to the
Yalta and Potsdam agreements by CALL
ing for absolutely free elections every
where in Europe.
The note sent to Premier Georgiey
was dictated by the desire to prevent
the Bulgarian people from being cheated
OF their rights to establish a govern
ment of their own by secret ballots. His
reply to both western governments is
considered by the State Department as
impudent.
The Bulgarian puppet overlooked the
TACT that his country is still defeated
member of the Axis with which the
Allies have not yet concluded a peace
treaty. Hence, his answer that Bulgaria
does not wish to tolerate foreign inter-
vention in its affairs is out Of place.
Until peace treaty is signed the Bull
garian government is merely tolerated
and, whether it likes 1t or not, must
accept any kind of interference on the
part OF the victorious powers.
1t is true that Russia has established
itself as the controlling power in Bull
garia and this has been approved by the
other governments which agreed in de-
terence to the Russian demands to have
the armistice papers signed in Moscow
1t Is also true that Russia alone main
talns an army OF occupation in Bull
garia. But that does not deprive the
other powers of the right to tell the de-
feated Bulgarian government how to
run its elections. Lack of compliance
with such demands can bring only one
Kind OF retaliation-refusal to recognize
the government which means no eco.
nomlc assistance.
A similar situation is expected to de-
velop soon in Yugoslavia That country
Is a member of the United Nations.
although all the leaders who brought
YugoSlavia into the war on the side
OF the Allies are now out of the pic
ture and most Of them are under
sentence Of death as enemies of the
nation.
For reasons of "expediency"-a term
which has caused the American Gov
ernment to make many political mis-
takes-the movement headed by Mar
shal Tito was supported by the United
States and Great Britain. Tito is now
IN control Of the country and, accord
ing to all available indications, does
not wish to take the risk of having
Evening star., 1945-08-25
Lifting the Iron Curtain

1t was only last week that Winston
Churchill was telling the House of
Commons Of reported conditions
under which millions of Germans
have been expelled from new Po-
land" Where have they gone and
what is their fate?" he asked. It is
not impossible, he said, that "trag-
edy on prodigious scale is imposing
itself behind the iron curtain which
at present divides Europe in twain"
The announcement today that
American newspapermen are to
be admitted to Bulgaria and that
the Polish government has granted
clearance for immediate entry into
Poland for one reporter from each
Of the three major American press
associations indicates that this
iron curtain" soon may be lifted.
1t remains to be seen, of course,
what latitude the reporters will en-
Joy in making their investigations
and filing their stories. American
correspondents have been in Moscow
for many years, but their dispatches
are confined to what the censors
permit to be sent out and they have
no real freedom of movement.
1t is nevertheless encouraging
that any steps are being taken to-
ward one Of the desirable goals of
peacetime-the freedom of news.
Without it, that Iron curtain" of
which Mr.. Churchill spoke remains
not merely a barrier to understand
ing but an insidious source of sus-
picion and distrust.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
Jap Ships to China?

10 the Editor OF The Star:
Gen. Chu Shih-ming, slated to be
one of the signators in accepting Japan S
unconditional surrender, has suggested
the wisdom of letting China have what
is left of the Japanese fleet. To this
American-born Chinese girl the idea Is
a remarkably good one.
We already have about three dozen
Chinese naval officers taking advanced
studies at Annapolis, Md. and certainly
America can have no use for these Jap
warships.
Another important angle to this is the
recent statement that the French were
completely unable to cooperate in the
reoccupation Of Indo- China.
History recalls that when the Japs
wished Indo- China and the great naval
base at Camrah Bay, the French rolled
out the red carpet for Hirohito
CHIU CHUN-MUI.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
Mirage

Child OF the prairies NTH the uide-eyed
dreamy gaze.
Watching the ,Dind play through d
sea OF tDGuing grain,
What IS It startles you from dream to
deeper dream
At the plaintiue ,ohistle OF tnr-o6
unknosDn train?
Places, places, names: ah, could ten
you OF them all,
The sedports OF the iporld, the cities,
times, the irdys,
But you 1Dould not beliepe me quite, and
unerplored
4 virgin tDorld toould still be measured
in your gaze.
] could tell you disenchantment Is it,
otnn retDGrd,
Tel yon not to heed the siren loco
nlotire's song; -
But little use Is this: thing yoa must
learn for yourself;
Also. this once. you might bs ri0ht
and be tDrong.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.r~ -
Evening star., 1945-08-25
Memories of Portsmouth

10 tne E1QltOr OF Inc Staf:
While your editorial Of August %
on How it Happened in 1906" refer
ring to the Russo-Japanese peace con-
ference, at Portsmouth, N. H., sets forth
the admirable method by which Presi-
dent Theodore Roosevelt brought these
two nations together to negotiate peace
successfully, might add to your state
ments therein that the representatives
of both nations were housed in the
same hotel, that they motored each day
to the Navy Yard and held their con-
ferences in a United States Federal
building, and were entertained at diff
ferent times by the then Governor Of
New Hampshire, the late John B.
McLane, and the Assistant Secretary Of
State, Mr.. Pierce; that they all had
group photographs taken with local,
State and Federal officials, and that
there seemed to exist a spirit of work.
able amity.
chanced to be able to assist some
what on q local committee of enter
tainment, as I was the postmaster Of
that city during the period under
President Roosevelt.
JOHN H. BARTLETT.
Evening star., 1945-08-25
The British Protest

Lie MISUNDERSTANDING between
the British and ourselves with re-
gard to the abrupt termination of
lease-lend is matter of very great
regret. But it is difficult to find a
satisfactory basis for the tone Of
shocked surprise employed by Prime
Minister Attlee and Winston
Churchill in their statements to the
House of Commons.
The British view, as expressed by
the Prime Minister, is that lease
lend ought to be continued for a
Limited period" as a contribution
arising out of the war and belong
ing to the common war effort. This
contention is not devoid of sub
stance, particularly as applied to the
maintenance of British forces still
overseas, but it is an argument
which overlooks the fact that re-
sponsible officials of this Govern
ment have publicly stated on a
number of occasions that lease-lend
would stop with the cessation of
hostilities. Hence, whatever the
merits of the British point of view,
there Is no reason why the termi-
nation of lease-lend should have
taken them by surprise. A failure
on their part to have anticipated
this development can only mean
that they neglected to keep them
selves informed of our position or
that they did not take at face
value the repeated statements by
American officials and the provision
of the law itself that lease-lend was
a war instrument and that it would
end when the fighting stopped.
Mr.. Attlee says that this has
placed Britain in very serious
financial position" and there is no
doubt that this is true. Our own
financial position, with reference to
our war debt, is serious, too, and
that is one reason why Congress has
provided that lease-lend could not
be used for any purpose of postwar
rehabilitation, which, while not spe-
cifically mentioned by MIR. Attlee,
would be one of the consequences
of a continuation of this aid to
Britain during the period of trans
ition from war to peace.
In no reasonable sense can it be
said that we have sought to deal
harshly with the British. Although
Mr.. Attlee stated that lease-lend
was terminated without consulta-
tion and prior discussions" Foreign
Economic Administrator Crowley
has said that we offered the facilities
of the Export-Import Bank to the
British, and also offered them the
opportunity to continue to acquire
large quantities of lease-lend sup
plies provided they agree to pay for
them over a 30-year period at 23s
per cent interest.
In the light of this offer, which
was not mentioned in the discus
sion in the House of Commons, there
will be certain impatience in this
country with Mr. Churchills state
ment that he could not believe the
United States would proceed in
such rough and harsh manner as
to hamper a faithful ally-an ally
who held the fort while their own
American ornaments were pre-
pared" There is an implication
here which is not in keeping with
the tenor of Mr.. Churchill's remarks
when, addressing the House of Com
mons in February, 1912, on the entry
of the United States into the war,
he said: THAT is what I have
dreamed Of, aimed at and worked
for, and now it has come to pass"