davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

today.
 An American Military Govern ment court deiiberated two hours and IS minutes before announcing the blanket conviction Of all the guards and other attaches of the notorious concentration camp here.
 Tine sentences will be announced later, probably tomorrow.
 The trial ended at ll:52 a. m. when the prosecution and defense concluded their final summations and the eight-man military tribunal headed by Brig -Gen. John M. Lentz ordered the court closed.
 Two Missing
 The Dachau trial opened in mid November or the original list Of 42 accused. two were missing The 40 were tried on charges including cruelties mistreatment. beating. torture, starvation. abuses and in- dignities against Allied war prison CTS and civilians in Dachau.
 The testimony brought out tales of terrible and fantastic atrocities to which the inmates of Dachau were subjected. Thousands died in human guinea pig experiments by which the Nazis sought to establish facts that would benefit their armed forces.
 One Of the most notorious of the defendants was Dr Klaus Karl Schilling. whose malaria experi- ments killed HOO to 5000 persons in Dachau.
 The chief prosecutor was It. Col. William D. Denson. Ut Col. Doug las A. Bates of Centerville, Tenn. headed the four-man military de- fense counsel staff.
 Scientists Right Disputed
 Denson urged the court to return a guilty verdict against the defend ants, a just and righteous verdict which the world will understand.
 Bates charged that the prosecu- ton failed to establish proof of its case. He asked the court for a just verdict, not just a sacrifice of any German blood" to atone for the crimes at Dachau.
 Pleading for the life of Schilling. the defense asked the court to re- member that he was a scientist ex- perimenting in efforts to stamp out malaria and save human lives.
 Counsel pointed out that Schilling eXperimented on human beings under conditions which had resulted in a breakdown of all kinds of laws in Germany.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Jap to Testify At Nc Vay Trial

Washington, Dec. 12-(UP)-The Japanese submarine commander who claims he torpedoed the cruiser Indianapolis will be called to testify tomorrow in the court martial of Capt. Charles B. McVay, Sd, the cruisers skipper.
 There still was possibility, how ever, that the enemy officer would rot be allowed to testify if there was an objection by McVay's coun- sel, and if the objection was sus- tained.
 The Japanese captain, Cndr. Ike Hashimoto, was flown to Washing ton from Japan last week after e claimed that it was his submarine that sank the Indianapolis in the Philippines sea July 30
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Byrnes Heads For Big Three Moscow
 Atomic Bomb Not
 Only Topic Up
 For Discussion

Wash ngton. Dee. i2.-tUP)- Secretary of State James F. Byrnes left by plane for Moscow today 10 seek Big Three undrest anding ou atomic bomb controls and q gen. eral peace conference.
 His big c-54 transport plane took oil from the National Airport at 9 a. m. EST.
 Byrnes was scheduled Co sit down in Moscow next Saturday with Bri- t!sh Fore. .gn Minister Ernest Bevin and Soviet Foreign Commlssar V. M. Molotov for vital discussions that will undoubtedly affect the fu- ture peace of the world
 When the Big Three Foreign Min -Sters Conference was first an- nounced last Friday t appeared tte atomic bomb would be the chief subject of discussion. However, Byrnes told newSmen yesterday thal the United States proposal to hold a World War Ii peace conference as soon as possible would be brought up in Moscow.
 London Pal:cy Failed
 The United States first proposed the conference at the five-natlon Foreign Ministers Council in Lon don last September. It marked ar attempt by Byrnes to compromise between Russian inSis5ence that peace treaties with Balkan na- lions be discussed only by the B-g Three, and the equally firm Aneri- can and British determination that France and China also sit in
 The London conference failed to reach any agreement.
 Byrnes' plan called for a general peace conference to write treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland
 It would be attended not only by the Big Five but by all United Nations who supplied Subssantia. iC0ntini1nfi o,D paop n
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

knife. which slashed his throat, mar rowly missing the jugular vein. and resulting in treatment at St. Mary's Hospital where 28 stitches were re- ouired to close the wound.
 Testimony by Norfleet, the ac- cused and a witness to the slashine, Eobert Armstrong of 26 Adams street revealed that the accused, while walking on Bishop street early last Saturday night. approached 8 group of guys" who stood talking. Fe inserted several remarks per- ta4ning to Norsleet's wife. Abusive language, Norfleet called 1t: and the two soon became engaged in .
 Continued on Page ID
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Russians Prepare
 For Newsmen's Visit

Berlin, Dec 12. (UP-Soviet authorities are completing arrange ments for the first group of Amer ican correspondents to visit the Rus sian occupation zone of Germany in accordance with an agreement between Marshal Gregori K. zhukov and Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, it was learned today.
 The Russians were understood to be planning conducted tour of their zone for half dozen ap- proved correspondents in the near future. Other groups probably will be invited later.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Navy WEI End NROTC, V-12

Washington, Dec. 12-(UP)- The Navy announced today that it will terminate active duty train ing of NROTC trainees and V-l2 engineers on or about March l.
 The V-5, or aviation, portion of the V-l2 program, which includes 6.O0O students, is not affected.
 There are now about 30,0OO men in officer training programs at 66 colleges and universities.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Top Secret Report Filed
 War Reactions
 Felt in Auqust

Washington. Dec. 12 -. fUP) = Gen. George c. Marshall said today he I T August, 1S41, that unless the. of world events changed the l States would be drawn intc rith Japan.
 Ma. al testified before the Pearl Harbor Investigating Committee for the sixth consecutive day after the committee released "top secret" Army reports asserting and deny ing that Washington officials had evidence of Japanese plans for war four days before the Pearl Harbor Harbor
 Rep. Frank B. Keefe, (R., Wis), asked Marshall if he wasn't con- vinced "as early as August, 1941, that if the current trend of events continued we would inevitably be drawn into war with Japan as a matter of necessity"
 "Yes, sir, that was my reaction st that tirne," Marshall replied.
 The Japanese continued to. make various moves particularly because of the inability of Indo-China and others to the south to oppose them,' 2
 (CoptiY11IaI on paoa n
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
vers-Russia, Britain and France
 Winter to Be Hard

Secretary of State James F Byrnes sounded the policy keynote in an accompanying statement. He said Germany's future must be considered in light of the fact that for six years she "ruthlessly i'm posed war and destruction on Europe and the world"
 At the same time. Byrnes reaf- flrmed the Potsdam pledge that the Allies do not intend either to des- troy or enslave the German people but to allow silen to prepare for eventual reconstruction of their life on a democratic and peaceful basis"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

The winter ahead, Byrnes said. promises to be extremely hard for the German people, but 'only slightly more difficult than for cer- tain of the liberated areas of Eu- rope" The victims of German ag- gression, he said, must and will have higher priority on food and supply.
 To Destroy War Capacity
 To prevent another German bid for world conquest, the country's industrial capacity to produce arms, ammunition and any type of war material will be destroyed. This will be done either by removing produc-
 tContinued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

Crimes Tribunal indicated today
 The estimate was made by the Foreign Economic Administration in Washington and included forced labor of all kinds-wholesale de- portations of villages, prisoners ot war and political prisoners.
 It was prepared on the basis ot both German and Allied estimates as well as survey of the displaced persons in Germany at the end of the war.
 The story of the wholesale up- roofing of European populations to fill the gaps in the Reich's depleted manpower was placed before the tribunal through a mass of Naz1 documents, revealing the constant squabbling and contrary policies being followed by various units ot the Hitler regime.
 All Means Employed
 Every possible means was en- ployed to round up slave labor, the evidence disclosed. Orders were is- sued to burn Ukrainian villages and drive the entire population to work in Germany.
 Apparently the labor drive ran into a conflict with population ex- termination, drives because at one point an order was issued to the German field police that, in connec- tiori with burning villages and cart
 
 (COntinlled on Paon n
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Three Die in Crash

Paris. Dec. 12- (UP) A four motored American plane en route from Marseille to Paris crashed near Lyon yesterday, killing three persons abroad and injuring three more.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
Bulletins
STATE BOARD ASKED HANDS OFF
@z ..4S.'s sa4zaui . -ezz1z1sa. sasre-

Stamford, Dec. 12-(UP)-WedOn F. MOnsOn, indus trial relations attorney for the strkebound Yale and Towne Manufacturing Company asked the State Board of Media tion and Arbitration today to maintain handso policy in the pending settlement negotiations declaring that there is nothing before the board to mediate.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
PLEAD WITH ARCHBISHOP

Chelsea, Mass, Dec. 12-(UP)-Facing S30,O00 ran sOm demand the griestrcken parents of kidnapped Ronald Carlan begged Archbishop Richard Cushing of Boston to- day make personal appeal by radio for the swift and safe return of their infant
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
PATTON REMAINs UNCHANGED.

today said that the condition of Gen. George s. Patton gravely injured with broken neck partial paralysis is unchanged
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
6,691, GOO Shanghaied
6,691 ,OOO Shanghaied Germany Harnessed Millions for W0rk

Nuremberg Dec. 12( (UP)-Germany harnessed an esti- mated 669 OO0 foreigners her production system before the end of the evidence placed before the War
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

Mid Winter Term opens Monday, EAn. 2. Day and Evening Glasses. Bulletin Free. Post Jr. College.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
United Stockholders Map Campaign for Strike on an n
AMG Court Ends Atrocities Trial
 On Blanket Verdict

Dachau Dee 12-(UP)-Forty Nazi defendants in the Dachau atrocity trial found guilty of crminay
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

Continued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12
The Weather
verycOId

FuH Weather Report Page :
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

(Continued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

Continued on Page ?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-12-12

Continued on Page ID
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Planned ECONOMY

the American people. even in years
of limited production.
In all of the war years thus far,
due to providential growing condi-
tions and to the industry and skill
of the American people engaged in
agriculture and the food processing
industries, there has been RECORD
production.
In consequence, the American
armed forces have been abundantly
supplied with food, subject only to
the difficulties and limitations of
wartime transport.
The American civilian population
should have been at least adequately
supplied at the same time-although
every American familiar with the
short stocks and even the empty
shelves of his food dealer knows it
has NOT.
But of course the prolific and
abundant American sources of food
do not constitute an INEXHAUST-
IBLE "horn of plenty"
A MERICA does not have enough
"A food to warrant GIVING 1T
AWAY prodigically and profigately,
as has been done under lend lease
policy that takes no account of mini
mum domestic needs.
America surely does not have
enough food to allow many millions
of dollars" worth of it to rot and
spoil in warehouses and on docks
and in the fields, as the War Food
Administration is now authorita-
lively accused of doing
If price controls and rationing in
maritime are as necessary as Con-
gress continues to believe, at least
they should be made the response
bility of men COMPETENT to per.
form their duties efficiently and
honestly, and not by men against
tDhom a committee of Congress is
compelled to report "ineficiency and
dereiiction."
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
LETTERS TO EDITOR


TO THE EDITOR:
I HAVE been deeply gratlfed
L by the attention newspapers
have given 10 the treasury 5
drive against tax evaders.
This letter is 10 thank YOU for
this attention. and to urge a
continuing interest. +
An attempted evasion Of in
come tax IN any year cannot be
discovered until after returns
have been filed IN the next year.
And in developing A case for
prosecution IL Is necessary to
trace income IN excess of that
reported This requires much
time, especially If operations are
in currency.
The average TAX case, when it
is brought TO trial. deals with
evaslonS two or three years pre-
viouSly. In some of the more
important cases. several years
have been required 10 assemble
evidence.
Before the war there were
100000 individual taxpayers
and collections of S5,000,000, 600.
Now there are more than So
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

IN THE course of the congressional
L debate over extension of the fed
eral price control act and the Office
of Price Administration for another
year, an amazing revelation was
made of the depletion of the nations
food stocks by SPoTLAGE.-=-
A subcommittee of the House ap-
preparations mittee, after
lengthy "undercover" investiga-
tion, reported that mismanagement
in the War Food Administration has
cost many millions of dollars" in
food spoilage.
Speaking frankly and specifically
of "ineficiency and dereliction on
the part of some officials" the report
made an outright accusation against
the War Food Administration of
wasteful warehousing practices, poor
bookkeeping and inadequate records,
and lax hiring methods.
THERE is no way of knowing what
proportion of the national food
supply has been LOST in this man
ner, since the investigation was ad-
mittedly confined to "sampling"
of warehouse operations and does
not reflect the total loss.
But as far as it went, according
to the subcommittee report, the dis
closure of known and actual loss
"justifies the feeling that it has been
considerable, probably amounting to
many millions of dollars"
That loss of millions of dollars
worth of food very likely AC-
COUNTS for the food shortage in a
considerable degree.
Authoritative observers have al
ways said there was never a real
food shortage in this country, but
only shortage of capable and honest
MANAGEMENT.
The sources and supply of essen
tial foods in the United States have
always been more than ample to
sustain the health and strength of
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

100000 individual taxpayers and
collections of S45, 100000, 900
War conditions have been ac-
cepted by too many persons as
representing an opportunity 70
conceal income. This i eSpe-
clally true as 10 black market
operators, whose dealings are
conducted largely IN currency,
and as 10 other raCketeers and
war profiteers. The honest tax
payer inevitably pays. directly
or indirectly, the tax which the
crook lodges
Since it is impossible 10 police
tax collections with forces Of
prewar size. / have undertaken
10 recruit 5000 additional in
veStigators, plus another 5000 10
5000 persons 10 do the office
work connected with our ex-
pandcd tax collecting program.
President Truman has given his
approval TO the program and has
added the helpful proposal that
We pay particular attention 10
recruiting from among dis
charged Servicemen those who
are qualified by experience and
training for our stepped-up en-
forcement program
Because currency is so fire.
quently a factor. especially in
'"black market" cases. we are
now requiring monthly reports
from banks and other institu-
tlonS
Our primary purpose is not TO
put people in jail. but TO collect
taxes. No taxpayer who has
made an honest mistake has
anything to fear
j shall welcome any ques-
tious, suggestions or criticisms
from YOU or your staff either
as 10 our general policy or as To
more specific matters, providing
always, of course. that the ques-
tions are such that l can law.
fully answer.
HENRY MORGENTHAU IN.
Secretary Of the Treasury.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

Was II IN he 1q2oS or he
1930s that the evolution Of
The airplane progressed from
hIpIane n monoplane7
5-Holywoodl'S 5 annual Academy
Awards have been made
since la1 the season Of 1885
- thl the season Of 1928;
,cl the season Of 1929.
Ir what book Of The Bible
can lou find the story Of the
Good Samaritan ?
7-Hate We always had The law
fn4A extends The succession
Jo The presidency, after the
wee president. 20 cabinet
members
s-To The 81 presidents Of the
tinted States, III children
have beer born Eight presi-
drrtSu uNfe childleSS only
one Wss Va, bachelor Would
r-rrSV r7ar among these
-ttsurlrE -the- ration 81 BOYS
t0 ElIls Was "a. 20 boys
- girls lhi 80 girls 81
baye ,rf 20 girls. ~ boys7
answers IN opposite page.)
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Home Front Jobs

Here's how those on the
Home Front can do their bit
in this lS6th week Of the war
against Japan:
Ask for no more can
ming sugar than you Will ac-
tually use.
Use and put up all the
fresh peaches you can. They
will continue scarce next
winter.
9-Enlist your shepherd,
schnau2er. doberman pinScher
or collie in the Army k-9
Corps. Write or wire Quar-
termaster General, Washing
ton 25, d. c.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
KnowIedoe lest

knowledge Test
Who is the only president Of
United States whose father
was president also? )a) Ben
jamin Harrison. Ch) John
Quincy Adams fc) Theodore
Roosevelt.
2-The first European country
10 give women full voting
power was Ca England
tbl Finland, fc) Scotland.
3=The last three names used
by popes have been PuS.
Benedict and: (al SiXtus
thl Leo,stcl Gregory
mir. MadiSons war was (a)
French and Indian War. rb)
Civil War. tcl War Of 1912.
5 BrachIal means belonging 10
~ the ca head, fb) foot. (aJ
arm
s Match these columns
"a Renr LSlqus tv minister
% Nsrun Niemoier soldier
N chester Nimir ~ p1ri.isi
- Wilhelm Ksitd 90 slsw Wcrkef
(AnsIfrs on opposite paEe)
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
Bran Game

C.p yourself 30 t- ssch rorree' Dr.
80 rerst.ui1g tVo c.,l'i-lt Ary t--rs "a
o. hifhti u eorUcr-ec excellent
In the song Mother May I
Go Out 10 swim " what other
order does mother give be-
sides telling her daughter %
hang her clothes on a h.ck-
ory limb
of the six horses who have
won racing triple crown
(kentucky Derby PIeak-
ness, Belmont Stakes. one.
horse was the son a. pre-
vIOus winner. Can YOU name
this fsther.Sort- combination =
True or false tsl George and
Martha Washington had NO
children tbl The South Polar
region has lower tempe a.
lures than the North P0.sr
region becauye trCTe Iy y
greater eXpanSe ~ -Nater
sroUuT TIRE North p0lc
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

progressively abandoned by students Of the problem
YET 1T is THIS FALSE HOPE AS MUCH AS ANYTHING
WHICH DRIVES US ALONG THE ROAD TO PLANNING.
THOUGH modern Socialists promise greater
"A dom genuine and sincere recent years observer after
observer has been impressed by the unforeseen
OF socialism, the extraordinary similarity respects Of
the conditions under Communism" and "fascsm"
AS the writer Peter Drucker expressed it in 1889
THE complete collapse OF the belief in the attanabity
and equality through Marsm has forced Russia the
road toward totatarian society of unfreedom
inequality which Germany has following
munsm and ascism essentially the Fascism
stage reached after communism has proved Illusion and
has proved much iusian In Russia pre- Hitler
many
No less significant the intellectual outlook of the rank
and file in the Communist and Fascist Germany
before 1888. The relative with which young Communist
COULD BE CONVERTED into Nazi versa was we'll
known best of all TO the propagandss of the parties
The Communists and Nazis cashed frequently with
each other than with other parties simply because they
peted for the types of mind other
the hatred of the hereto.
Their practice showed how closely they related To
both the real enemy the with whom nothing in
common, was the liberal of the old idt8pe.=
While to the Naz the Communist and the Communist
the Naz, and to both the Socialist POTENTIAL RE.
THERE CAN BE NO COMPROMISE BETWEEN THEM AND
THOSE WHO REALLY BELIEVE IN INDIVIDUAL FREE.
DOM
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

VXIHAT promised US road to freedom in fact
w the high road to servitude For difficult
what be the consequences democracy embaks upon
a Of planning.
The goal of the planning will described by some such
vague 1.-The general welfare
There WiH be n O real agreement as to the ends to
be attained, and the effect Of the peoples agreeing
that there must be central planning Without agreeing
the ends WiU be rather as If group of people Dere
to commit themselves to take journey together
WITHOUT AGREEING WHERE THEY WANT TO
GO; With the result that they may oil haze make a
journey Which most of then, do not Oant at all.
Democratic assemblies cannot function planning sgen-
ces They produce everyhinghe whole
direction of the of the natforFOR THE NUMBER
OF POSSIBLE COURSES OF ACTION WILL BE LEGION.
if Congress proceeding step by step and
compromising at each point. scheme would
certainly in the end SATISFY NOBODY,
To draw up plan fashion even less
possible than for instance successfully plan military
campaign by democratic procedure.
AS in strategy would become inevitable delegate the
task to experts And even If by this expedent democracy
should succeed planning of activity
1t would still have to face the problem Of integrang these
separate plans into Unitary whole.
There will be stronger stronger demand that some
board some single individual should be powers
their responsibility
THE CRY FOR AN ECONOMIC DICTATOR IS A CHAR.
ACTERISTIC STAGE IN THE MOVEMENT TOWARD
PLANNING.
rTHUS the legislative body to choosing the
l. persons who to have practically absolute power
The whole system will tend toward kind DICTATOR
ship in which the head Of the government
ALL THE POWERS AT HIS COMMAND TO MAKE GER
TAIN THAT THE VOTE WILL GO IN THE DIRECTION HE
DESIRES
Planning leads to dictatorship because dictator.
ship the most effective instrument of coercion and
such, essential If central planning large scale
is to be possible.
There justification widespread belief that so
long power conferred by democratic procedure
be arbitrary the power which prevents IT
from being arbitrary dctaoria qualities the
power must also be limited
CTo BE Continued)
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
nd Pacific War VIGOROUSLY Make the Peace PERMANENTLY Bring Our Boys PROMPT
The Road To Sel.fIOln

progressively abandoned by students of the problem.
YET 1T is THIS FALSE HOPE AS MUCH AS ANYTHING
WHICH DRIVES US ALONG THE ROAD TO PLANNING.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

N1HAT is promised to the road to freedom
w the high road TO servitude For difficult
what must be the consequences when democracy upon
a of planning
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06

luly l9+5
I0-C TINE pETRoU TINES
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-06
By FRIEDRICH A. HAYEK

FolioriHg IS the second inStdlment of condensation
Of Friedrich A. HGyekS book The Road to Serfdom,"
reprinted from the April 1915, issue of Readers Digest.