davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Groves Warns Nation
Against Scrapping Of
Atomic Bomb Plants
Special Senate Group
Hears Project Chief on
Need to Retuin Lead
BY THOMAS r. HENRY.

Production of atomic bomb
material and scientific research
still is in progress at the Federal
cities and laboratories estab-
lished by the Government dur
ing the war, but on a somewhat
reduced scale.
This was revealed today by Mai.
Gen. L. r. Groves, Army director
of the bomb project, before the
Special Senate Committee on Atomic
Energy.
Approximately 10000 now are en-
ployed in some phase of this work
Gen. Groves testified. The activities
still center about the plants at Oak
Ridge, Tenn, Hanford, Wash, and
Los Alamos, N. Mex. and win be
financed by war appropriations until
next July. From that time on, Gen.
Groves estimated, a force of about
IS, 600 highly trained workers with
an appropriation of about $500, ,000-
600 yearly will be sufficient to carry
on the work.
Shouldn't Lose Momentum.
Regardless of the eventual Solu-
ton of the atomic energy problem,
Gen. Groves said, it is necessary to
continue this work in order not to
lose the momentum which has been
gained and which must be relied
upon to keep this country ahead
of the world in this field. Once one
of the plants was dismantled, he
said, restoration might be very
costly and result in great loss of
time.
II the United States had to start
from scratch today, with only the
scientific and technical knowledge
available, he said, it probably would
require about two years and close
to $4,000, 900 900 to produce the first
atomic bomb. 1t was indicated that
any other nation would require at
least as long.
Gen. Groves appeared quite pessi-
mistic over the value of any system
of world inspection unless the United
States was willing to start immedi-
|ately an aggressive war to destroy
another nation if an inspector
showed that he was denied access to
information. A world inspection
system, he pointed out, would re-
quire that inspectors be able to enter
at any time any part of any factory
of any kind and obtain full informa-
ItiOn on all secret industrial processes
Inspection Plan Stressed.
Almost anything might have a
bearing on atomic warfare, he said.
For example, a company working in
the utmost secrecy on an improved
camera shutter might we'll be
suspected of experimenting with a
new bomb fuse. 1t also, he pointed
(See ATOMIC. Page AL
Evening star., 1945-11-28
BY ]. A. FOX.

Byron Price, wartime censor,
who recently completed a study
of conditions in occupied Ger
many for President Truman, de-
clared in his report, made public
by the White House today, that
he is convinced the policies being
followed there today constitute
"a certain step toward interna-
tional friction"
Mr. Price, who told newsmen after
his return from Europe that France
was to blame for the condition that
has developed, amplified this charge
in his report, declaring that as q
result of the French attitude, Ger
many is not being treated as ar
economic unit. but that on the con-
trary, what is happening amounts
to speak plainly, to the economic
dismemberment of Germany."gsF
Declaring that he was speaking
"bluntly," Mr.. Price said that "ths
Evening star., 1945-11-28
AP Directors Vote to Admit
4 Papers and Amend Bylaws

desire to record their unanimous
belief that the decision of both the
lower court and that of the Supreme
Court sustaining it, constitute an
unmistakable assumption of legisl
lative powers by the judiciary.
'The Associated Press is not a
monopoly, nor does it tend to be-
come a monopoly. What the Associ-
ated Press was charged with was
that it's product is so superior that
it's service is essential to a successful
newspaper-and on this charge it
was convicted!
"The Associated Press was formed
and has continued to grow through
out the years as a national cooper
ative news gathering and distribut-
ing organization dedicated to two
purposes. First, that it gather for
its members a non-partiSan report
of the news in the broadest sense.
Second, that the members control
its affairs including the selection of
those to be associated in this eff
fort.
"The Supreme Court has denied,
in part at least, the second Of our
objectives. It becomes therefore
even more vitality important that
the Associated Press strengthen its
form of Organization that it may
continue to carry out the first of
(See ASSOCIATED PRESS, A-l0.) )
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Grew Reveals
Destruction Of
.SecretCodes
Embassy at Tokyo
Kept at Least One
After War Started
BY J. A. O'LEARY and
CARTER BROOKE JONES,

Some of the secret codes used
in the American diplomatic serv-
ice were destroyed in the EN-
bassy in Tokyo few days before
the Pearl Harbor attack, but at
least one was kept until after
the war started, Joseph C. Grew.
preWar Ambassador to Japan.
told the Pearl Harbor Investi-
eating Committee today.
Mr.. Grew, questioned by Senator
Ferguson, Republican, of Michigan,
identified telegram from the State
Department dated November ~,
1941, 10 days before the attack,
warning the Embassy that failure
of the negotiations with Japan in
Washington might lead to diploma .
tic rupture and suggesting necessary
precautions be taken.
Did that message convey to you
the idea to dispose of some codes?"
Senator Ferguson asked.
Merely General Precaution.
mot necessarily" said the former
Ambassador, adding that it merely
was a message Of general precau-
tion, such as any government might
send out when diplomatic relations
had reached a critical stage.
Questioned closely by Senator
Ferguson in regard to the codes, Mr..
Grew said he did not recall details
concerning the codes, except that
certain ones were destroyed before
Pearl Harbor because of the growing
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Price Charges France Seeks
To |Dismember German 7 rode'
Report to Truman Asks Re-exominution
Of Entire Military Government Structure

entire basic structure of military
government in Germany, including
the Potsdam declaration, should
be re-examined in the light of new
conditions" and that the United
States should appraise the situation
there and decide whether obstruc-
tions raised by the French govern
ment, which have deadlocked the
four-power control council at Ber-
lin, are to be permitted to defeat
the underlying purposes of Allied
policy"
Further, he said, the United
States must decide whether the job
of occupation is to be finished
competently or whether it viii
withdraw.
I'VE must decide whether we are
going to permit starvation, with
attendant epidemics and disorder.
in the American zone, or ship the
food to prevent it." he said.
Mr.. Price was directed by tn,
(See PRICE Page A.3D
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Committee May Hear
Gen. Marshall Before
He Leaves for China

Gen. George c. Marshall's
appointment as President Tru-
mans special envoy to China
may hasten his appearance be-
fore the Pearl Harbor Investi-
eating Committee.
This was indicated today
when Senator George, Demo-
crat, of Georgia said he thought
the committee would have to
consider moving Gen. Marshall
up on the schedule of witnesses,
so that he could be heard be-
fore he leaves the city. Chair
man Barkley added that he
thought the committee would
expect to hear him before he
leaves"
Gen. Marshall is slated to be
one of the key witnesses, be-
cause of the criticism leveled
at him by the Army Inquiry
Board in connection with the
furnishing of information to
the Hawaiian commanders.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Ha|sey, Here, Nominated
For 5-Sfar Rank by Truman

Admiral William F. Halsey, jr.
who recently relinquished command
of the Sd Fleet, was nominated to-
day by President Truman for five
star rank.
Admiral Halsey reported to the
chief of naval operations for tenn.
porary duty today. He has not YET
reached the statutory retirement age
of "a, but announced at the end oil
the Pacific campaign that he in.
tended to retire to let a younger mar
take over.
The law establishing the five-stal
rank authorized appointment OF
four naval officers as admirals o1
the fleet. Only three were named
Admiral Ernest j. King, retirine
commander in chief of the fleet
chief of naval operations; Admira,
Chester w. Nimitz, former com.
mander of the Pacific Fleet and who
will succeed Admiral King, and Ad.
miral William D. Leahy, chief oil
staff to President Truman.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Nov. 28.-The Board
of Directors of the Associated Press
today recommended to a special
membership meeting the election of
four applicants for membership and
amendment Of the bylaws to con-
form to a Federal Court decree.
The District Court, whose decree
was affirmed by the Supreme Court,
ruled that the AP, in voting on ap-
plications for membership, must dis
regard possible competitive effects
on existing members.
The proposed members are:
Mrs. Eleanor Patterson, Washing
ton Times Herald day and night re-
ports; Marshall Field, Chicago Sun,
night report; Hearst Publications
Inc, Oakland (Calif.) Post-Inquirer,
day report; the Times Publishing
Co., Detroit Times, day report.
The Board of Directors in its re-
port today, said Of the court de-
cision:
Individually, the board as. laymen
Evening star., 1945-11-28

China, but left his resignation will
Mr.. Byrnes.
About the same time, Mr.. D,
Lacy was making a speech in thu
House, criticizing what he said wa!
the use of American military sup.
plies in China ito suppress the as.
pirations of millions for new dem
ocracy which they began to builo
for themselves" and attacking Am.
bassador Hurley for the resignation
OF former United States Ambassador
to China, Clarence E. Gauss.
"Step by step Ambassador Hur-
ley's reversal of the Roosevelt
Gauss policies in China have made
the present civil war unavoidable, ;
he said. He and Gen. Wedemeyer
have now committed us to armed
intervention"
Hurley Planned to Return.
Yesterday morning Gen. Hurley
still unaware of the speech in the
House criticizing him and his poll
cies in China, conferred by tele-
phone with Secretary Byrnes and
discussed again his return to China
He told Mr.. Byrnes that he would
delay the trip back until he had
made speech to which he had
committed himself and the Secre-
tary is said to have assured him that
would be alright. This was about II
o'clock.
Then Gen. Hurley began reading
the Congressional Record, which
contained the De Lacy speech. Pre-
sumably having prepared in ad.
vance statement to newspapers
attacking his State Department
critics, which he had withheld after
agreeing to return to China, HI
announced at 1852 am. that 6
statement to the press would bs
released at 1890 pm. He gave re.
porters the statement and an
nounced that he had resigned.
State Department Astounded.
The news of his resignation hit the
State Department like a bombshell
1t was brought to the Secretary's
Office about the time he was leav.
ing for luncheon with the President
an engagement for which he al.
ready was late.
But his departure was delayed BY
another call from Gen. Hurley, ir
the course Of which Gen. Hurley
told the Secretary that the speech
of Mr.. De Lacy had persuaded him
to change his mind and quit. Ever
then, 1t is reported, Gen. Hurley
indicated he still might be willins
to go to China if the President Sc
desired, but Secretary Byrnes i.
represented as having said that a.
the resignation had been made pub.
lie by Gen. Hurley, the best thine
to do was to accept it.
Mr.. Byrnes still had the letter Of
resignation on his desk.
Conversation With Marshall.
The Secretary of State then hur-
ried to the White House. The Pres
ident, later on, talked with Gen
Marshall, and the following con-
versation Is reported to have taken
place:
George, you'll have to go tc
China"
A pause, and then Gen. Marshall's
reply: "All right, Mr.. President, Il
it's must I'll CO."
You're good soldier, George"
1t was said today that Gen. Hur.
ley's sudden reversal of stand, or
(See RESIGNATION, Page A-4.)
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Army Reveals Needs
Based on Estimated
Strength Of 10000
Figure Used to Determine
Release Of Surplus,
Royal Tells Senators
BY ROBERT BRUSKIN.

The War Department is basing
it's material reserve computa-
tions on a strength of 100000
regular soldiers and trainees by
June 80, 1949, Undersecretary of
War Kenneth B. Royal said to-
day.
Mr.. Royal testified before the
Senate War Investigating Commit
tee that this figure is solely for use
in trying to determine how much of
it's war supplies must be retained
for Army use and how much can be
released to the public as surplus
property.
He declared that while only Con-
gress can decide whether this coun-
try will have universal military
training or how big the Regular
Army will be, the War Department
is using an estimate of 1,180, 900 Reg
ular Army and trainees on active
duty by June 80, 1949, and, in addi-
tion, it expects to be responsible for
the supply of $4,000 national
guardsmen and Reserves on that
date.
"This does not represent the rec
concentrations of the War Depart
ment," he asserted. "It is impos-
sible to break down the amount
Evening star., 1945-11-28

oo0ooe@A1tioAly 40 lOllOWS.
On Monday, Gen. Hurley con-
ferred with Secreta : Byrnes and
President Truman an submitted in
writing to Mr.. Byrne lis resigna-
ton as Ambassador t. hina, bas-
ing his action on alle interfer-
ence with his work certain
career men" in the Sta { Depart
ment, who, he said, were deliber-
ately undermining the Presidents
and Mr.. Byrnes' policies he was at
tempting to carry out.
Byrnes Offers Assurance.
Secretary Byrnes, with the Presi-
dents concurrence, is said to have
assured Gen. Hurley that he pos
sessed their complete confidence,
that if he returned to China he
would have their support and a
free hand in dealing with State De-
partment representatives in China.
Gen. Hurley consented to return to
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Guide for Readers
u. S. Employees
7oGet 4-Doy
FYuIe HoIidoy

Government employees will have q
four-day Christmas week end ano
three-day New Year holiday.
An order to this effect has beer
issued by President Truman ano
will apply to all Federal agencies.
Agencies will close at the end oi
the business day Friday, Decembe,
81, and will reopen Wednesday, De.
cember 26. On New Year week, EN-.
ployes will have off from Sunday
December 80, through Tuesday, New
Year Year Day.
In order to make up the work
schedule, employees. will work Satur-
days, usually their day off, during
the weeks of December "a and De.
cefflber 81.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
China Aid Hamstrunq
By 'Imperia|ists,'
Hurley Declares
Resigned Ambassador
Reiterotes Charges on
Career Diplomats
By the Associated Press

(
Maj. Gen. Patrick ]. Hurley
said today British, French and
Dutch imperialists in Asia were
hamstringing the professed pol
icy of the Allies to help China
establish "a free, united, demo-
cratic government"
Gen. Hurley, who resigned yester-
day as Ambassador to China and
declared American foreign policy in
the Far East was bolstering both
Communism and Imperialism, spoke
to a capacity crowd in the National
Press Club auditorium.
He said he thought there was mo
question" that the policy of helping
China toward democracy had the
support of both the Russian and
British governments, but he added
it definitely did not have the sup
port of the imperialist civil servants
of Britain in Asia"
cit did not have the support OF
the French imperialists," he said
ut did not have the support of the
Netherlands imperialists.
In addition, Gen. Hurley reiter-
ated, the policy was opposed by
American career diplomats.
Defends Presence of Troops.
Most of his talk was a repetition
of the assertions made in his sensa-
tional statement of resignation
yesterday.
He did, however, defend the pres
ence in China of United States
troops and denied they were there to
control" that country.
What Gen. Wedemeyer is doing
in China now is distinctly a closing
phase of our war against Japan, Il
he said, referring to 1t. Gen. Albert
c. Wedemeyer, Army commander in
China.
Both Gen. Hurley and Gen.
Wedemeyer have come in for some
public criticism for the presence of
troops in areas where Chinese Ma
tionalists and Communists are fight
ing a virtual civil war.
Says Chinese Not Freed.
Gen. Hurley said Americas war
in the Pacific was to prevent the
domination of China by japanese
Imperialism He added:
I'VE have won the war, but we
have not freed China of japanese
soldiers nor have we put China in
possession of the territory that was
overrun by Japan"
He repeated his statement that
he had accomplished his primary
objectives in China-preventing the
Chinese government and armies
from collapsing and bettering rela-
tions between the armies and gov
ernments of China and the United
States-over the opposition of Amer
ican career diplomats.
If he had failed in these assign
ments, he said, ut would have re-
leased more than a million, and
nearer to two million, japanese SOL
diers to meet our soldiers, sailors
and Marines on the heachesn
Evening star., 1945-11-28
PimIico Results

FIRST RACE-Purse, $4,000; maiden g.
year-olds; 6 furlongs.
Pentagon {Martin) 27.0O 1900 $40
Edgemere (Ford) 1l4.40 "a 80
Doc Adams tTorres) go
Time, 1:154s.
Also ran-Pasapet, Balu Empress, Sym
bolism. Big Bid, Bungalese, Jene Slam, Sun
Fly, Meyersdale, Pilates Fun.
SECOND RACE-Purse, $1,000: 4-year-
oids and up; claiming; ! 70 miles.
Silver Tower Cherry 1880 $40 4.60
Amapola Pomp (Kirkland) $50 2.90
White Ford (McGowan) 500
Time. 2:01.
daily double paid S142 4O.)
Also ran-Flytng Scout, Roman Matron,
Orgullosa, Dizzy Heights. Roses Boy, Fred
Havecker, Burdman, Robert E. Lee, Attache.
THIRD RACE-Purse, $4,000; ,2-year-
olds; allowances: Ii. miles.
Galladare (Dodson) 800 2.40 2.2O
q Marcia P. Uuther) $50 220
Proverb (Scawthorne) 2.SO
Also ranIPigeon Hill, strato Search.
81. ". Y Martin-w. Y. ooldsboroueh
entry.
FOURTH RACE-Purse, $1,000; 2-year-
Harvey's PalslKirkisnd} 2.7O 2.30 2.1o
Jackie Babs MARTINI $40 27O
RedEie (McGow9n) 2TO
Time, :6O3s
Also ran--Minaki, Good Bunting.
Evening star., 1945-11-28

tension of relations between Amer
lea and Japan.
'I had very little directly to do
with the Codes" the diplomat ex-
planned.
One code was kept until after
Pearl Harbor, Mr.. Grew said, be-
cause he wanted to keep commum-
cation with Washington open until
the last minute
When Senator Ferguson asked
what that code was, Representative
Murphy, Democrat. of Pennsylvania,
interposed: Does the Senator want
to bring out secret codes which
probably are still used by our diplo-
matte service all over the world and
were used during the war?"
Asks About November ~ Message.
Senator Ferguson did not press
the point, But he inquired closely
into the message which Mr.. Grew
received from the State Department
November n. This telegram said it
was not known whether the CONVEX
sations with Japan's ENJOYS would
be continued, but it was too early"
to say definitely what would happen.
1t suggested that the Ambassador,
in view of the possibility that diplo-
matte and consular representatives
would be withdrawn from Japan.
take all necessary precautions, in
cluding the packing of official and
personal effects.
did you destroy the codes as a
result of that telegram" Senator
Ferguson pressed.
'I cannot say" Mr.. Grew replied.
Mr.. Grew was asked by the Michi-
gan Senator what knowledge he had
in Japan at the time Of the memo
randum of November ~, 1941, from
Admiral Harold r. Stark, then chief
of naval operations, to President
Roosevelt stating that United
States, British and Dutch military
authorities had agreed that joint
military action should be taken
against Japan only under certain
conditions
These conditions we're described
as a japanese attack or threat
against territory or inundated land
of any of the three countries or If
the japanese moved into Thailand
west of certain geographical posi-
ton or into Portuguese Timor, New
Caledonia or the Loyalty Islands.
Explorations Fruitless.
Mr.. Grew could not recall receiv-
ing any information concerning the
memorandum at the time.
Senator Ferguson pointed out that
Mr.. Grew had told the Navy Pearl
Harbor Board he could not recall
receiving the statement without ex-
ploration.' =
What did you mean by that?"
the Senator asked.
Mr.. Grew said he meant he would
have to look into his files and those
Of the State Department to make
sure.
did you find any information as
q result of those explorations?"
Mr.. Grew recalled none.
"Will you explore again and make
sure for us" Senator Ferguson in
|quired.
Mr.. Grew said he would.
Were there any confidential rec
ords Of conversations between the
(see PEARL HARBOR, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Public Group Regards
Labor Management
Conference as Failure
Committees Are Divided;
General Motors Pay ToIks
Sought by ConeiIiators
BULLETIN,

President Eric Johnston of
the United States Chamber of
Commerce predicted today
that the Labor Management
Conference will accomplish
about so per cent of what we
set out to do" Specifically he
said the parley would estab-
lish a semi-permanent COM
mittee to promote industrial
harmony; write a further def
inition of collective bargain
ing and agree on voluntary
arbitration of grievances in
volving existing work con-
tracts.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
Iran Orders Defense
OF Teheran Against
Rebels al All Costs
Azerboijon Insurgents
Marching on City;
Roll Town Occupied
BY the Associated Press.

Ely tue ASSOClhleQ FIesS.
TEHERAN, Nov. %. Iranian
government forces were under
orders today to defend the capi-
tai at all costs against an in
|surgent military force officially
reported marching toward the
city from the north.
The government announced OFF,
cially last night that forces of in
surgents in Azerbaijan Province
we're marching southwark along the
main rail line toward the capital.
Observers here believed it was
questionable whether the Azerbaijan
forces would continue to march on
Teheran itself, in view of the pres
ence of armed Iranian troops and
tanks at Sharifabad, miles east of
Kazvin. But the government an
nounced that one insurgent column
had occupied the small rail town of
Takistan, 9 miles southwest of Kaz-
vim and IS miles northwest of Tehe-
ran.
Zenjan Occupation Confirmed.
The government said the vanguard
of this force was driving on Kazvin
and was expected to reach it by
nightfall.
Confirmation was given by the
government to earlier reports that
another insurgent column had occu-
pied all of Zenjan. rail station ITO
miles northwest Of the capital. This
represented an advance of 56 miles
from Mianeh, which the government
reported last week had been occu-
pied by the insurgents. Zenjan is
the capital of Khamseh Province,
where the government has reported
insurgents operating with weapons
distributed by unknown people"
The government said Astara, Cas-
plan Sea port 230 miles northwest
of Teheran on the Iranian- Soviet
border, also was occupied by the
insurgents.
The Azerbaijan have announced
a demand for autonomy within the
Iranian state.
Iranian Troops Halted.
Kazvin. in the path of one re-
ported insurgent drive, is 80 miles
southeast of Zenjan. Iranian gov
ernment troops which had been dis
patched northward from Teheran
last week toward the trouble zone,
had been halted at Kazvin by q
Soviet commander of troops gar
risoning the Northern Iranian area.
Government sources believed the
Azerbaijans would stop at Kazvin,
but feared the arrival of the in
surgents there might be signal for
sympathizers and armed strangers
in the capital to start rebellion.
Iranian Premier Hakimi met the
Soviet charge d'affaires last night,
but nothing regarding their talk
was made public.
Azerbaijan Province borders Rus
sia and Soviet troops which occu-
pied 1t during the war still are In
! the area.
Evening star., 1945-11-28
HurIey's Resignation Reported
Touched Off by De Lacy Speech
Attack in House Held Reason for Envoy's
Action After Decision to Remain at Post

An otherwise nconspicuous speech Monday
by Representative De Lacy Democrat Washington it was
today was at the bottom of yesterdays explosive
men by Maj Gen. Patrick Hurley and his
Ambassador China followed Presidents appointment
of Gen. George c. Marshall to succeed him.
The details of the incident learned by The Star TODAY
Evening star., 1945-11-28
BULLETIN.

NEW YORK, (P.-ASSociated
Press members today adopted
amendments to the associa-
tion's bylaws to conform to a
Federal Court decree respect
ing admission to membership.