davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-21

-AP Pnoto.
social, economic and political innova-
ton.
He became the most articulate, con-
sistent and effective champion of the
New Deal-philosophe of the greatest
happiness for the greatest number" and
1.-The age of the common man. He
wanted to "humanize'' capital.
Wallace, whose mind never could be
pigeonholed, has no congressional
cronies. None knows what he intends
to do now -. and he will not say
He told me he did not plan any trips
abroad so that may let him out
as a prospective rowing Ambassador for
the White House.
He said he did not plan any public
appearances here which may let
candidate in 1948
It's Anybody's Guess
He said, You can use your own
judgment" in guessing whether IT shall
be retained in a Government capacity"
Some had thought he would become
Secretary of Commerce or Labor Some
think Mr.. Roosevelt has a fine sur
prise up his sleeve for this man who
went all out for him in a big way when
the going was tough. Some think he
has been ditched as political liability
Wallace says only that he plans to
write new book on Soviet Asia. He is
a great believer in the postwar co-pros-
perity of America and Soviet Asia. He
Evening star., 1945-01-21
BY Frank I. Weller,
Associated Press staff Writer

Associated Press staff Writer.
Henry Agard Wallace says the White
House should not saddle the Vice Pres
ident with executive chores again.
During the days Wallace was called
'the busiest v. P. in history" he presided
over the Senate, was chairman of the
old Supply, Priorities and ALLEGATIONS
Board, the Economic Defense Board
and the Board of Economic Warfare.
.. And performed what he calls
"deuces wild" tasks for President Roose-
welt.
Not that he is unhappy about it. He
looks back. saying:
II think my services were useful at
times. There was an emergency. 1t
caught the President without ready
executive setup in his own shop. Some
one had to spring. I was available.
TITS just that found out no man can
handle dayby-day executive stuff and
be Vice President, too"
That from one who made the vice
presidency live and breathe. "And
grunt," Wallace says.
The idea of this interview was to get
his opinion on how much weight Vice
President should throw around.
Should Mind Own Business
'rI think" he said, that a Vice Pres
unless drafted in an emergency. He
has more time on his hands than any
one else. Certainly he'll never be an
other throttlebottom. He will be the
Presidents deuces wild, substitute to
send abroad when neither the President
nor the Secretary of State has time for
international conventions.
This, of course, depends on his ability.
interest and working relations with the
White House"
Wallace says that in normal times
the cabinet and the Budget Bureau
should shoulder all domestic RESPONSE
bilities of a purely executive nature,
leaving the Vice President free to fight
for administration policies in Congress
and on occasion in world parliaments.
Just as he was the first v. P. to
hold extra -curricular executive jobs, he
was the first to make so many personal
appearances here and abroad. He
represented Mr. Roosevelt at the inaugu-
ration of Mexican President Camacho
and visited around South America as
an ambassador plenipotentiary.
Tasks Were Numerous
He talked winning the war and post
war politics and economics on a presl-
Dental mission to Soviet Asia and to
China. He learned Spanish and enough
Russian to make speech in Moscow.
He tackled Chinese but couldn't make
it,"
He made more domestic addresses
for the administration than any other
v. P. ever did, great number OF them
urging a fourth term for Mr.. Roosevelt
after the President agreed to nomlna-
ton of Harry S. Truman for Wallace's
job.
Aside from Wallace and certainly
not approaching his record history
holds only three other outstanding
close associations between the White
House and the Vice President.
Jackson relied on Van Buren, largely
in a social way He insisted the party
nominate Van Buren as his successor
Evening star., 1945-01-21
History's Busiest Vice>President Says White House
Should Not Saddle Office With Executive Chores

has no idea how many books, articles
and speeches he has written on this
age of the common man" since COM
ing to Washington
"We Shall Not Fail'
He says:
If We put our trust in the common
sense of the common man - in the
great adventure of making political,
economic and social democracy prac-
tical reality, we shall not fail"
He says he is not worried about the
future"
He Is more serious and settled now
than when first met him Is years ago.
He still smiles, is shy and searches his
own mind in what newsmen have
learned Is his way of not answering
question until he is dead sure news
print will do him justice
He had bad experience once. He
was quoted as saying every child in
the world should have quart of milk
each day. Critics said he wanted
America to lease-lend it.
He says what he meant was:
There will be no more wars when
every nation is economically able to
provide its own children with milk daily
when no nation fights another for
possession of its riches"
Wallace seems to have something
planned on his own hook. He has be-
come a clock watcher and a trowner.
He seems impatient to get going on
whatever job he has cut out for him
SELF He says
There are millions of folks in this
country who feel the way I do"
Evening star., 1945-01-21

to defeat the ambitions of Calhoun,
whom he despised. Polk gave Dallas
some of the Pennsylvania patronage
and consulted him on his message on
the Oregon boundary question and
many other problems. Mckinley in
sisted Hobart live near the White House
SO he would be handy to keep him in
touch with the Senate and do all sorts
of odd jobs.
Garner, in the first two Roosevelt
administrations, championed a lot of
New Deal laws and kept the White
House advised of Congress temper {. .
But he didn't carry the cudgel with
the abounding faith Wallace had in
what F. D. R. wanted to do.
With the exception of Cactus jack"
who couldn't even be kicked into a
dress suit, Wallace was the Senate's
most infrequent gavel-pounder and
presidential substitute in Capital So
ciety.
He was too busy.
:. The traditional Vice President had a
reception room, telephone and secre-
tary to answer it. Wallace had tele-
phones and secretaries and stenog
raphers busy all over the place.
Busy Day and Night
He had conferences from daylight
until long after dark with men trying
either to cast America in a new mold
or trying to yell down every Roosevelt
Evening star., 1945-01-21
By Adelaide Kerr
press STAFF Writer

Irene Young-wife, mother and air
craft worker-has her own answers to
America biggest woman question: Do
women factory workers want to keep
their jobs or go back home after the
war? Her answers contradict a lot of
surveys and questionnaires.
Most women factory workers want
to keep their jobs, I believe; they don't
want to go back to the kitchen, so
says this aircraft assembly worker in
the Rouge River plant of the Ford Mo-
tor Co., Detroit, an active member of
the Union of Automobile Workers (CIO).
"The UAW recently sent postcard
missionaries to a representative sam
pling of approximately 350,000 women
members, asking them whether they
would continue to work outside their
homes after the war if a job were avail
able. One hundred per cent of the
widows, SO per cent of the single women
and 68.7 per cent of the married women
said yes
They Want to Stay
I'm very active in the union and I've
talked to hundreds of women on this
question. The majority tell me the same
thing-they want to keep on working
If job is available. OF course, If you
break it down and ask them if they want
to take job from soldier, that's diff
ferent'
Miss Young (Mrs. Tony Marinovich)
made her comment during visit to New
York, where she addressed the woman's
conference of the National Council of
American Soviet Friendship. Asked how
she reconciled her comment with the
surveys that reported large percentage
of women saying they want to 60 back
home after the war, Miss Young said
with little grin:
well, think lot of women thought
it was proper to say that Maybe they
thought it wouldn't be nice to say they
wanted to keep their jobs when there
was all this talk about jobs for soldiers
Besides lot of them thought they
meant it. Maybe their feet hurt and they
were tired We all have days like that.
I know some days If you asked me,
would say wanted to go back home
and stay there. But what many Of
those women really wanted was two
weeks rest.
Evening star., 1945-01-21
Will Postwar Farmer Founder in Plenty?

farmers of the world used wooden plows,
did nearly all their planting and sowing
and reaping by hand. In those days 1t
took the surplus production of 10 farm
ers to feed one person living in the city.
In recent years, 10 persons working on
farms have produced enough to feed
nearly 10 persons in urban areas.
Agriculture is far from using fully the
efficient methods and tools at its dis
posal, yet here in America it produced
35 per cent more than before the war.
What, ask farm leaders, will happen
when upwards of 100000 farmers now
in the armed services and in war plants
seek to return to the land, and when
better tools become available?
Evening star., 1945-01-21
BY Ovid A. Martin,
Associated Press Stafi Writer.

Thoughtful farm leaders wonder
whether agriculture after the war may
not be like the tabled boy who had
porridge mill which wouldn't stop.
His whole village was choked with
porridge.
Agriculture porridge mill is tech
nology-that is, new and better ways
of producing food and fiber crops.
The next 10 years may stand out as
an epic of farm mechanization. War
scarce manpower has prodded the in
ventor to develop new farm tools and
improve old ones. Shortage of mate
rials has prevented many of these in
ventions from being translated into
actual machinery, but the makers can
be expected to make up for lost time
as soon as the war ends.
The Department of Agriculture esti-
mates that farmers would spend more
than $1,000, 100000 for new equipment
in 1945 if they could get it. Never was
the demand for farm machinery so
great
Mainly the farmer can expect refine
ments on present implements and on
that production booming source of mo-
tive power, the farm tractor.
New Implements Coming
The new implements will be easier
for one man to handle. They will
weigh less and be stronger, of new
war-created materials. They will save
labor and power. Many new wrinkles
are being kept under wraps by imple-
ment companies eager to get the jump
on their competitors when production
can start.
Some now are in limited use, corn
pickers, cotton pickers, combines (small
units which harvest and thresh wheat
or oats, barley, rye, soybeans or grass
seed in one operation), sugar beet and
cane harvesters, mechanical mixers,
spreaders which fertilize better, equip
ment for curing hay in lofts and stacks
to preserve food values, and new hay
harvester which rakes and bales in q
single operation.
New machines are likely to be ex-
plotted which will simultaneously till,
fertilize and seed the soil with certain
crops.
Better Irrigation
Portable sprinkling systems may be
expected, to supplement rainfall and
surface irrigation and to water rough
land where gravity can't handle the job
archaeological studies made by the
Department of Agriculture during the
war enable more efficient production, use
and marketing of farm products. Here
are few examples:
l. Discovery that dehydrated sweet
potato meal compares favorably with
corn as feed for steers. This should
encourage bigger beef cattle business
In sections of the South.
2. Development of ways to raise calves
on less milk, leaving more for human
consumption.
g. Demonstration that various sulfa
drugs show promise in controlling mas
tits (Which causes severe loss in milk
production) and In protecting chickens
Evening star., 1945-01-21

from the deadly disease cecal coccidiosis.
4. Cheap prevention of insect damage
to wheat stored in farm bins.
5. Release of IS new varieties of i'm
portant crop plants.
6. Development of improved and
labor saving cultural practices for grow
ers of rice, sugar beets and beet seeds.
7. Discovery that stimulation with
hormones gland secretions) can even
out the seasonal milk production of a
herd of mich goats.
New Day Dawning
Farm leaders worry about the future
because of the past.
When this country was young, the
Evening star., 1945-01-21

HEADQUARTERS 18th ARMY
GROUP-A serenade of destruction, a
symphony of death; Jerry knows and
fears them well. In full orchestration
they spell humiliation.
Serenade or symphony, they are one
and the same. To the artilleryman they
are TOT-Time on Target. Simply, when
Jerry gets serenade he gets plastered
with tons of artillery shells that rain
down on his position at exactly the
same time.
A serenade is NOT a barrage. Its
effectiveness depends upon surprise. The
enemy does not know it is coming. When
1t comes it is usually too late to do
anything about it-too late even to duck.
Is the doughboy being held up by an
enemy 8s? Call the artillery. Is Jerry
grouping in town or woods to counter
attack? The artillery to the rescue with
serenade.
Here is how one corps in Germany
handles the split-second timing, CO.
ordination between units, and quick
plotting and computing that are neces-
sary to lay down a serenade.
Here's How It's Done
Maj. William Fenton, Hancock Point
Me, of the 10Th Corps artillery of
1t. Gen. William H. Simpsons 9th Army,
gives an example:
The other day, near Siersdorf, Ger
many. an enemy battery was firing on
us constantly. We adjusted it in-that
is, determined its position and range
through one of our aerial observers
flying a Cub plane. Immediately we
sent over couple Of volleys-24 rounds
from one battalion of 105-mm How
itzers.
We'll, that shot up the Jerry battery
for little while, but it did not really
take care of him. So we decided to
plaster him with a TOT. We massed
the fires of 13 batteries-156 guns, in
Guiding 105-mm., 155-mm., 8-inch, and
240-mm. Howitzers, 155-mm guns Iong
Toms and 8-inch guns.
Altogether and at the same instant
we threw 13 tons Of projectiles on him.
We never heard from him again."
The major explained that the TOT
principal oftener is employed on a
smaller scale.
Placing the TOT
1--WE try to place TOT on every
enemy battery we pick up" he went
on. Ordinarily we adjust our fire on
the enemy with two guns to get his
range and location accurately. The
serenade or TOT may come an hour or
two later. You see, when we adjust on
the enemy it frightens them into their
holes. But after a while Jerry comes
out and then we lay a serenade on him
two, four or six batteries, depending
upon the ammunition supply"
In the fighting in Germany, where
almost every town and village is de-
Tended bitterly, the time on target prin-
cipal is employed almost constantly
Examples were in the taking of Shers-
dorf, Schleiden and Hongen. Twelve
to Is battalions of both corps and di-
vision artillery concentrated their fires
on areas within the towns.
Tons of Projectiles
The complex firing data that the men
at the guns have before pulling the
lanyards that send the tons of pro-
Evening star., 1945-01-21
Will Women Keep Jobs?

"You might as well get this straight
Women are not in the shop simply for
patriotic reasons. They talk patriotism
and they are certainly glad that their
work helps patriotically. But they work
for the money and for the independ-
ence it gives. If they are working only
for patriotism why do they insist on
top money?
II don't like to get up early and
come home late and then cook and
clean and scrub. But I do it for the
things I wouldn't be able to get other
wise
Dark eyed fresh-skinned and attrac-
tive, she is the youthful looking mother
of 21-year-old girl in the WAVES and
a 17-year-old son. She says she has
always worked hard.
Born in Marion, ILL.,, the daughter Of
a miner, she quit school in the seventh
grade to do housework. At II she mar
ried young Marinovich, then a coal
miner and now employed in the JAWS
educational department. When her son
was still an infant she went to work
in factory. For the last Is years she
has held triple job-as factory worker,
mother and housewife.
Has Own Home
Because have worked we have been
able to have home such as never
could have had otherwise" she said
with shining eyes. "It's a six-room
brick Colonial house, furnished the way
I wanted to furnish house for years.
my factory work has really helped
me do my housework faster. In the
factory by time studies we learn how
long it takes to do each operation. You
can apply the same thing to house,
work
"They talk about how tired women
get who work in industry and keep
house, too. But you'd be surprised how
many women are bored at home Their
outlook on life is SO limited. Once they
get in the plant, mingling with other
women and talking with them on lot
of different subjects, they just don't
want to break 1t up. At first some of
them can't hold conversation for 10
minutes. But after they have been
working awhile and mingling with other
women they brighten up till you
wouldn't know them. They know what
1t has done for them, too
Evening star., 1945-01-21

jectiles raining down on an enemy po-
sition at the same time is computed
by the ordinary GI Joe.
Working under the supervision of a
non-commissioned officer he must COM
pute the data in few seconds and
accurately. If one battalion fires before
another the vital element of surprise
is lost
Working in a battalion fire direction
center-the battalion command post
the computer uses "slipstick.' officially
known as a graphic firing table.
When an artillery observer, aerial or
Evening star., 1945-01-21

ground, calls for fire he either telephones
or radios the enemy location in a code
or gives the map co-ordinates. At the
fire direction center the gunnery officer
determines the method and the amount
of fire.
He sings out the information together
with the map location Of the enemy
position.
Getting the Range
Immediately the horizontal and YER
tical control operators-two more en-
listed men-gather data from their plot
Evening star., 1945-12-19
British Monarchs Give Party
For U. ). Red Cross Staff
By the Associated Press.

BY TIE Associated Press.
LONDON, Dec. 1s.-Britain's
royal family entertained more than
l8O members of the American Red
Cross staff for nearly two hours yes
terday at Christmas tea in Buck
ingham Palace.
The guests, mostly Americans.
were selected for their long service
overseas.
King George in a naval uniform.
Queen Elizabeth and the Princess
Elizabeth and Margaret greeted the
guests.
They were very human, very
simple 'and very real," commented
Mrs. Rebecca S. Hamilton of New
York City. Mrs. Hamilton Is direc-
tor OF the Red Cross Rainbow Cor
ner Club.
Peter S. Ridley of 745 Girard st.
NV, Washington, D. c.. director of
the Duchess Club. a Negro club in
London, said the King was very
cordial host"
He asked me my impression of
England" Ridley said, "and told
him was impressed with the forti-
tude of the people,"
Evening star., 1945-12-19
Delivers
VaIedictory in House

Twenty minutes was reserved on
the House calendar today for a
farewell address to Congress by
Representative Ramspeck, Demo-
crat, of Georgia. A banquet was
given for him last night by II AFI
unions in recognition of his work
as chairman of the House Civil
Service Commission for 10 years.
Mr.. Ramspeck retires from Con
gress December 81 and on January
l becomes executive vice president
of the Air Transport Association.
Among the II unions were the
American Federation of Govern.
ment Employees, the National Asso.
citation of Letter Carriers, the Ma.
tional Federation of Post Office
Clerks. the Railway Mail Associa
ton and the Columbia Typographi.
cal Union.
President Truman sent Mr.. Ram.
speck letter, read at the BANQUET
which said, Il do not know of a pub.
lie servant more deserving thar
YOU
Referring to improvements ir
civil service legislation during Mr.
Ramspeck's Craftsmanship, the Pres
ident said that mo small part O
the credit for this advance is du,
to your wisdom and leadership"
Mr.. Ramspeck was presented {
memorial plaque.
Evening star., 1945-12-19
Merger
Continued From First Page

more suddenly than the last and
that 1t would strike directly at the
United States. We cannot expect
to be given the opportunity again
to experiment in organization and
in ways of teamwork while the
fighting proceeds"
Urges Against Delays.
Pointedly, too, Mr.. Truman urged
against the delays that extensive
hearings on his program would en-
tail.
Further studies of the general
problem would serve no useful pur-
pose," he said, adding that public
discussion and the congressional
hearings already held have pro-
duced sufhcient evidence to support
the merger idea. Navy spokesmen
have pleaded against hasty action
and urged additional studies.
The Presidents message set forth
nine advantages to be anticipated
from service merger, as follows:
l. Integration of strategic plans
and unifcation. of military pro-
gram and budget.
2. Economies to be realized
through unified control of supply
and service functions.
3. Creation of an organizational
structure best suited to fostering CO.
ordination between the military and
the rest OF the Government.
Strong Civilian Control.
4. Provision for strongest means
for civilian control of the military.
S. Parity for air power.
8. Provides "the, most advan-
tageous framework for a unified
system OF training for combined
operations OF land, sea and air.
| Z. Enables systematic ALLEGATION, OF
limited resources for scientific re-
search.
8. Makes for unity Of command In
outlying bases.
>. ot1ers consistent and equitable
Epersonnel policies.
T Asserting that unification must be
looked on as q long term job" Mr.
Truman said that It will require
new viewpoints, new doctrine AND
new habits OF thinking Throughout,
the depertmental structure" /"
Evening star., 1945-12-19
Coal Mine Naturalization
Bill Offered in Commons
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press
LONDON. Dec. 19.-Legislation
to put Britain's coal mining in
dustry under public ownership-one
of the KEY points in the Labor
governments program-was intro
duced in Commons today.
Amid cheers from the Labor
benches the minister of fuel and
power Emanuel Shinwell. submitted
the measure to establish public
ownership and control of the coal
mining industry and certain allied
activities" 1t was given a formal
first reading. Ek
Evening star., 1945-12-19
Jops Foee Stiff Sentences
For Selling Poison LIQUOR

BY the Associated Press.
! TOKYO. Dec. 19.-Allied head
quarters today ordered the Japa-
nese government to provide stiff
fines and Jail sentences for selling,
trading or manufacturing any bev-
erage or food containing methyl
alcohol or other poisons.
The directive, spokesmen ex-
planned, was prompted by numer-
Gus recent deaths, blindness and
illness among American soldiers
who drank poison liquor. It pro-
vides penalties Of a 1000 to 10000
ven fine ts133 to s666@ or 3 to Is
years imprison nment