davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Pockets in Germany
Bv Mai. Georee Fieldinp Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, April 24.-The
military situation in Germany is not
easily analyzed because of the break
ing up of the coherent fronts to which
we have become so accustomed. One
correspondent has described the Ger
man position as resembling an hour
glass, with the narrow neck between
the northern and southern parts about
to be snapped by the imminent Amer
ican-Russian junction, but to this we
must add the growing probability that
both the northern and southern parts
of the hourglass may also be cut in two.
What is actually happening is that all
Allied commanders are cutting up the
remaining German-held territory into
isolated pockets to be separately over
run.
Take the northern pocket first. 1t in
cludes Berlin, North Germany between
the Oder and the Elbe, some territory
west OF the lower Elbe, Denmark and
Norway. But the British I'd Army Is
besieging Hamburg on the lower Elbe,
which tends to cut of Denmark and
Norway from the Oder -Elbe territory
and from Berlin.
AS to the southern pocket, which is
much larger, this includes at the mo-
ment a good part of Bavaria, Bohemia,
Moravia, most of Austria and large
piece of Northern Italy. It is here that
the most prolonged German resistance
has been expected. Like the northern
pocket, this southern area is being COM
pressed on all sides and 1t is also threat
ened with being bisected along the
valley Of the Danube.
X X
As previously pointed out in these
articles, the Danube is the natural high
way through the center of the German
citadel.
The Russians have for some time been
fighting their way up the Danube from
Vienna toward Linz, meeting what ap-
pears to be increasingly severe oppost-
ton. (
Now three Allied armies in the west
are on or are approaching the upper
Danube. The French 1st Army has
reached Donaueschingen, the United
States 7th Army has seized q bridge at
Dillingen, farther down the stream, and
the United States Sd Army Is driving
toward Regensburg, which is only 1875
Evening star., 1945-04-24
The Elements

The toorld Is color: puppies, groys and
green's,
Layers OF manipulated autumn, blues
OF distances tpith amber tinpe: old
scenes,
~Prismatic. conabinr earth and SKI for
hues.
The ,Dorld Is sound: remembered tones,
the cries
OF sailing birds; loso thunder and the
blast
Winding the canyons irhisperins; the
sighs
OF promises forgotten In the past.
The tDorld Is motion: nothing here 70
still;
Epen the desert rushes through Its
moods;
Uneasy tides, like surpes Of Uiu,
Help spin the iDeb Of earth's neu
attitudes.
The tDorld 10 thought: 1t fingers near
the sound,
Considering the nsovtng, coiored ground.
CULLEN JONES.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Blames Outsiders
TO the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
With reference to recent comments
on the Temperance Drinking Fountain
at Seventh street and PENNSYLVANIA
avenue, I wish to say: It was placed
there by class of law-abiding men
and women who were, and are vet,
striving to make Washington fit place
for young men and women to live in,
But there are constantly outsiders
coming to the city who ridicule and
discourage all efforts to make the Cap
ital City what it should be.
We lived in Washington from 1879 to
1s41 and saw the city grow and have
been constant readers of The Star all
these years and still are interested in
the city. OSCAR M. BRYANT.
Springfield, Ohio.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
LIGHT on Spuin

NotlililS ulOIe CLEARLY lIlQlCdteS Llle
rapid evolution of Spain's internal
politics than the lifting of the severe
censorship which has hitherto pre-
vailed. The change in this respect
is signalized by the publication of a
long dispatch from Charles S. Foltz
head of the Associated Press News
Bureau in Madrid, captioned as the
first uncensored dispatch in several
years. That is obviously matter of
real Importance, since it implies the
portrayal of actual conditions in
Spain by an American journalist on
the spot without suppression of any
part of his story and without fear of
complications to him on account of
its sending.
The kernel of the news story is
that most Spaniards want a change
in the existing regime, but change
within the limits of orderly progress.
The terrible legacy of the civil war
which desolated Spain and cost up
wards of a million lives disinclines
all save fanatical extremists to seek
solutions of current problems that
might bring on recurrence of civil
strife. Public criticism is directed
less against Generalissimo Franco
than against the Falangist party,
which is held responsible for most of
the ineflciency, corruption and op-
preston from which Spain appears
to suffer. The dissolution of the
Falange and a liberalizing of the
existing regime on broader basis
should seemingly go far toward ap-
peasing current criticism, at least
for time
That such change is not impossi-
BILE arises from the fact that Franco
and the Falange are by no means
Identical. The Falange Espanola or
Spanish Phalanx was originally
created on the lines of the Fascist
party in Italy and aimed to establish
a totalitarian state in Spain similar
to that set up by Mussolfni in Italy
and Hitler in Germany. AS such it
played a leading part in the civil war
and insured the aid of Italy and
Germany. However, the war was
won by coalition of conservative
forces which included, besides the
Falange, the regular army, the
church and the extreme reaction
aries known as Traditionalists, all of
whom tended to prefer a return to
Spain'S historic ideals rather than
the adoption of Fascist corporate
state on Italian lines. The strength
of the Falange was due mainly to the
power of the Berlin Rome Axis in
Europe. With its decline has gone
that of the Falange. Franco, who is
primarily an army man, has never
depended wholly on the Falange and
for the past two years had reduced
its former preponderance. His pres
ent policy appears to be an attempt
to placate the victorious western Al
lies by Transforming his government
toward moderate liberalism. This
cannot be done without dissolving
the Falange, which is still strong
enough to make trouble. Whether
Franco can juggle a complicated
maneuver between the Falange, the
traditional conservatives and the
still unreconciled Socialists and
Communists, vanquished in the civil
war but eager to restore radical
republic, remains to be seen.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Praises The Stars Intervention

Pralses The Stars Intervention
To the Editor OF The Star:
The presidential pardon of Sidney
Shapiro proves that American news
papers can be one of the greatest in
strumentalities for human justice in our
society. Every newspaper of vigilance
ana integrity can serve the cause of
democracy as The Star has done in this
instance
Here was soldier of his country who
could get neither a civil nor a military
appeal to review the circumstances which
had brought his dishonorable dismissal
and consequent disgrace. The Star in
vestigated the facts and with exceptional
editorial clarity and force took Shapiro's
case before the bar of public opinion and
oecency. AS consequence the War De-
partment recommended full pardon
and President Truman acted.
What The Star did is not alone i'm.
portant in correcting the grave injustice
imposed upon Sidney Shapiro. 1t re-
aft1rms our faith in the newspaper as
one OF the most indispensable institu-
tions IN American democracy. Here the
newspaper functioned for an individuals
future and good name among men when
even the Supreme Court of the United
States could not be brought to bear as
an arbiter. BY this achievement, warn
ing is served that the free and uncon-
trolled press is both the first and last
line OF defense for the perpetuation of
the principles of justice that make our
democracy the shining beacon of the
aspirations of all peoples of the world.
CHESTER H. MCCALL,
Evening star., 1945-04-24

100000. But D day was II months
ago, and the Ruhr victory-achieved
within less than a month-has ac-
counted for tenth or more of all
the Nazi losses in the west since the
Normandy landings. This is a very
great victory, indeed, even though
the overall operations against Ger
many tend to obscure its dimensions.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Yeu, DIGNITY!

From the st. Louis Star-Times.
THE dignity Of wrestling is being
lowered by those who wrestle in mud,
molasses, ETC., for the newsreels," says
2 sports writer. "The dignity Of wres-
tling?"-ye gods!
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Cupid Not Union Member

From the Hutchinson tKans.) News-Herald.
1t Is gratifying to see the trend toward
totalitarian state blocked once in a
while. South Carolina legislators re-
fused to limit Cupid to the IL hours
between am. and pm.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Spiritual Values Wanted

To the Editor Of The Star:
What this country needs is so000Ooo
Christians. Then our social, economic
and political problems would dissolve
like the mists before the rising sun,
The times are propitious for revival
OF spiritual values. I look for the
Catholic church to take the lead in
the spiritual rebirth of the Nation.
A PROTESTANT.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Letters to The Star
MIR. La Roe Calls for Freedom
for Deserving Korea
To the Editor Of The Star.

To the Editor Of The STAR
Christian people who are interested in
missions have for many years felt special
i. concern about Korea. It would be diff
cult to find anywhere in the world a
people more worthy Of fullness of life
and uninterrupted freedom, or to find
people more consistently deprived of
these things. Just as deep love for the
classics and for Greece made Lord Byron
say, II dreamed that Greece might vet
be Free" so the Christian people of
America have prayed that the simple,
peace-loving people of Korea might soon
know the blessings of liberty.
The resentment among church people
would, indeed, be deep If it should de-
Velop that there is truth in the report
that in the Yalta negotiations Korea
was once more treated as pawn on a
chessboard and turned over as a vassal
to Russia. The Koreans, long under
the cruel heel of japan, had right to
believe that when the democracies of
the world won their battle against
fascism and totalitarianism Korea would
be one of the small nations to be given
a taste of freedom.
If the conference of the Protestant
churches at Cleveland, to which I was
privileged to be delegate, found it
necessary to criticize the Dumbarton
Oaks proposals very seriously because
of their failure to protect fully the
rights of small nations, and if the con-
terence found it necessary to condemn
spheres of influence" because they re-
suit in "one-sided surrender of the
sovereign equality of states to which
the organization processes allegiance,
what possible justification can there be
for selling out little Korea to the
Russians?
If the delegates to the San Francisco
Conference want to avoid giving offense
to Christian people throughout the
world, they had better safeguard the
interests of this little nation.
W1I,RIJR IA pnE Tr
Evening star., 1945-04-24

Jap ships pounded in their Inland
Sea show that what the Jap Navy
really needs for protection is an
underground ocean.
Evening star., 1945-04-24

Stadium a Roosevelt Memorial
To the Editor of The Star:
May I Suggest that the proposed sta
dium for Washington be erected as
memorial to Franklin Delano Roose-
welt?
Since he did so much for and was
loved by the people of all the United
Nations, feel that it would be ap-
propriate for this memorial to be par
ticipated in by the United Nations, each
contributing to its cost, as would all the
people of this country.
The stadium should be equipped not
only for sports, but also as place OF
culture, representing the civilization of
all the United Nations.
KARL GERBER.
Evening star., 1945-04-24
Justice or Destruction

To the Editor OF The Star:
On the eve Of tie momentous San
Francisco Conference for world security
1t is interesting to recall a prophecy made
by the Persian prophet, Baha'ullah,
who SO valiantly sought to promote
world unity. He said: "Soon will the
present-day order be rolled up and a
new one spread out in its place. The
signs of impending commissions and
chaos can now be discerned, inasmuch
as the prevailing order is lamentably
defective"
Eventually, the principles of Justice
must be applied to all nations and races
OF all color. Otherwise our vaunted
civilization is destined to crumble.
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06

cause OF damping-off, normally
seed two to four times as much
plant bed area as they really need.
is expected this fall.
Details of the treatment are CIV
en- in North Carolina Experiment
Station Special Circular No. 4.
Control of Lettuce Damping-off, -
by D. E. Ellis and F. A. Todd,
which Will be ready for release
in the near future. Copies of this
forthcoming circular will be avail
able through the offices of the
various county farm agents and
from the Agricultural Editor at
State College.
While most of the work thus far
on this seed-bed damping-off prob
lem has been on lettuce, prel mi
nary greenhouse studies indicate
that the same treatment may also
be practical for a number of other
vegetable crops. In these prelim-
mary tests damping-off of such
plants as tomato, eggplant, and
pepper was markedly reduced by
the same or similar treatments.
Further tests are planned on these
and other vegetable crops which
are subject to damping-off, DR..
Jensen says.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06

lima farmers would be in rather
bad situation right now.
Negro farmers also are working
together and working harder than
ever before. They too are trying
to make every effort pay a re-
turn. For instance, L. W. Car
routhers of Mecklenburg County
began clearing a piece of creek
bottoms two years ago. AS he
cleared the land of all the small
trees and bushes, he prepared
stove wood for sale in Charlotte
and to date he has sold about 5000
worth of fuel wood from the tract.
He now has one of the best corn
crops on 2 IL acres of the bot
toms that he has ever had. This
colored m e r produced 1900
bushels of wheat this spring which
is not only providing fine bread
for his family but also brought in
much needed extra cash.
But as w. B. Harrison, Meek
lenburg Negro farm agent, said,
none of this could hape been done
by loafing on the job. 1t took hard
work and planning ahead. 1t al
ways does.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06
COTTON EXPERTS
STUDY PICKING

COLLEGE STATION, RALEIGH,
Aug. 5-Extension cotton and mar
keting specialists at State College
are carefully considering what may
be done in mechanical cotton pro-
duction in North Carolina.
They realize that everything pos
sible must be accomplish to re-
duce cotton production costs to
meet the competition Of synthetic
fibers and the low production costs
on cotton throughout the world after
the war is over.
1t has been suggested that cotton
be produced entirely with tractor
power in a series of demonstra-
tons. To reduce the hand labor
involved in the chopping and hoe
ing of cotton, plans have been sug-
gested for the full use of the cotton
dropper in planting, after the soil
has been prepared and the fertilizer
APPLIED by tractor equiment. Then
the grassing of cotton will be done
with flame throWer rather than
by hoeing.
If mechanical cotton pickers can
be obtained for the 1916 harvesting
tested on large farms. On the small
season, these will be thoroughly
owner-operated farms, all types of
labor saving machinery will be test
ed and hte feasibility of custom
harvesting will be studied.
Definite plans for a series of
demonstrations have not been COM
pleted but studies will be made
during the coming harvesting sea-
son.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06
new FUNCICIDES
STOP DAMPINC

A highly effective method OF pre-
venting death OF young plants II
plant beds has been developed by
plant pathologists of the North
Carolina Agricultural Expert
ment Station. says DR.. James H.
Jensen, head of the Department OF
Plant Pathology.
The method of preventing death
Of young plants in the seeding
stage will come as a great boon
to commercial and home garden
vegetable growers alike. Anyone
who has experience in producing
small plants for setting out pur-
poses has encountered at times the
disease known as damping-off and
has found difficulty in getting SUI
ficient sound plants out OF the
diseased bed to fulfill his needs.
It should be pointed out that
there are two kinds of damping-
of. The first type occurs before
the young seedlings come up and
this can usually be controlled by
any of several effectipe seed-treat-
ing fongiiides. The second type of
tamping-off or the type of disease
which attacks young cabbage, let
tuce, tomato, petunia and many
other plants soon after they come
thorugh the ground is the more
serious form of the disease and
has been more difficult to control.
Plant pathologists at the Expert
ment Station have found two COM
paratively new organic fungicides,
Fermate and Thiosan, to be effec-
tive against this latter type OF di-
sease. The chemicals. either one
of them, are mixed with water and
applied as drenches with sprink-
Inf pot directly to the plant bed.
On lettuce, the first application is
made as soon as the plants are
up and the treatment is repeated
at 10 to IA day intervals until the
seedlings are ready to transplant
to the field. In a number of tests
in the commercial head-lettuce
area, plant beds SO treated hape
reduced normal crops of healthy
seedlings, while untreated beds
were often total loss.
The treatment is highly effective
and relatively inexpensive. The
cost of material for treating 100
square yards of lettuce plant bed
throughout the season is only
about $3.50 to $500 at present
prices. Wide adoption of the treat.
ment by lettuce growers, who, be-
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06
Eqyptian Premier Plans
Speech On Sudan Change

CAIRO, Aug. 5.-(P)-Removal
of British troops from Egypt and
revision of the status of Sudan may
be asked by Prime Minister Nok-
rashy Pasha in a speech tomor-
row night to the Egyptian Senate.
A revision of the Anglo-Egyptian
2O-year treaty signed in 1886 would
be necessary to effect the Sudan
change. The treaty provides for
the termination of military occupa-
ton but recognizes special British
interest in the Suez Canal zone.
Sudan, extending from Egypt to
Uganda. is administered by Brit
ish Governor General aided by an
advisory council. Nahas Pasha,
leader of the Wafdist Geftist)
party, has presented formal re-
quest for Sudan revision to the
British ambassador here.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06
By F, H. JETER

From the Land Bank in Column
bia comes word from Ivy W. Dug
gan, governor of the Farm Credit
Administration, I'VE won't need
as many workers on American
farms after the war as we had
when the present conflict COM
menced" Supporting his state
ment, Mr.. Duggan said that we
are producing one-third more food
and fiber than we did before the
war with about fipe per cent few
err workers. He recognized the
fact, however, that the labor on
the farms has been working longer
hours and that old people and
young people have been pressed
into service during the emergency.
About II per cent of the farm
population has actually left the
farm, he said. and around one mil
lion. $50 thousand persons from
farms have gone into the Armed
Forces during the last few years
Asked if it was not logical tc
expect many of the people now ir
the armed services and working
in war industries to go back tc
the farm when the war is over,
Governor Duggan declared that
the answer to this question sis
wrapped up in tae desires of those
who have left the farm, III the
amount of employment available
in cities, wage scales. and the rel
alive incomes which may be at
tanned in industry and in agricUl
ture."
1--WE have no definite indications
as to how many people will &C
back to the farm after the war;
Mr.. Duggan stated, but survey
of the United States Army indi
Gates that between 100000 and {
million farmers wish to go back
to the land. AS a matter of fact
many of them have already re
turned and good portion of then
want to buy farms
Supporting the Farm Credit OF
fetal in his statement that farm
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06

Caracul, the open-typle fur with
the wavy pattern is taken from
lambs not older than two weeks.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1945-08-06
Farmers Union Prexy
Offers Program For
Postwar A merica

WASHINGTON, Aug. s. R -
President James G. Patton, of the
National Farmers Union, contend
ing the nation is wholly unpre-
pared for peace" today offered a
four-point program.
His suggestions, outlined in a
statement, were in brief:
1.-The strain of military de-
mands upon the civilian economy
should be reduced to aid recon
version, although no steps should
be taken that would endanger
victory.
2-The pending employment leg
islation, which calls for public
works when private industry can
not maintain a given level of en-
ployment, should be adopted as
soon as possible.
3-The speedy enactment OF
bills calling for construction of the
Missouri Valley Authority, the st.
Lawrence Waterway, h GU ng
measures and similar works.
A new agricultural program
TO prevent IAN agricultural della.
ton of the kind that followed the
last war"
Caracul, the open-typle fur with
the Wavy pattern is taken from