davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1945-08-02

trimmed blouse and white Access
series, for her wedding. Her
shoulder corsage was of lilies of
the valley. Miss Nina Hart, sis
ter of the bride, who attended her
as maid of honor, wore a dress
of black chiffon with white ac-
cessories and a corsage of red
roses. Miss Erma Lois Hart, also
sister of the bride, who acted as
brides maid, wore a light blue
suit with white accessories and a
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1945-08-02
FOR SALE!

Beautiful tract of wood
land on Jefferson side of
Negro Mountain, containing
12O acres. Ideal site for
secluded summer home.
lCOntains noted McIver Min
eral Springs, famous for
more than a half a century.
While secluded, this land is
also accessible, within one
half mile of highway. Also
contains valuable boundary
of timber. See or write:
Mrs. Bert Neal McFerrin
Jefferson, n. c.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1945-08-02
BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT

Mr.. and Mrs. D. NJ Bare, of
Nathan's Creek, have announced
the birth of a daughter, Wanda
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Col. Carlson Opposes,
Maenuson Favors,
u. ). Control Of Bases
ry the Associated Press.


SANTA BARBARA, Calf, Aug.
Ex-senator Magnuson, Democrat,
of Washington urges that this Ma
ton retain strategic Pacific bases,
while Col. Evans F.. Carlson, leader
of the famed Carlson's Raiders, IA
vors international control
Their views were expressed last
night during the Town Hall broad
cast from here over the ABC net
work. :,
Senator Magnuson, member of
the Senate Naval Affairs Commit
tee, said that to prevent future
wars this Nation must be big
enough and tough enough to dis
courage anybody or any power with
a different idea"
s Col. Carlson declared, 1--WE must
be consistent and confirm our faith
in the system of international con-
sultation and action by submitting
those areas We have gained by con-
quest to international control"
Another speaker. Representative
LAC, Democrat, of California, men,
Der Of the House Naval Affairs
Committee, favored American re-
tention Of the bases and Repre-
sentative Outland, Democrat, OF
California said the areas ultimately
should be controlled by the World
Security Council
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Gen. Taylor; New Head
OF West Point, Returns

Maj. Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor,
Ills North Evergreen street, Arling-
ton. who recently was appointed
superintendent Of the Military
Academy at West Point. arrived
home yesterday from Europe, where
he commanded the 101st Air-borne
Division
Gen. Taylor said he expects to
spend about a week at home and
get reacquainted with my family"
before leaving for his new post early
next month.
The new West Point head was the
first general to land in Normandy
and one Of two American officers
who slipped into Rome under the
Nazis' noses to arrange Italy's sur
render.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Gen. McAuIiffe Gets
Camp MackaII Post

Mai Gen. Anthony c. McAuliffe,
4519 Yuma street, hero of the battle
of Bastogne. will take over command
of the Airborne Center at Camp
Mackall, N. c.. next month, sue
ceeding Brig. Gen. J. T. Dalkey, 1t
was learned today. Gen. McAuliffe
who has been home on leave, was to
go to Camp Mackall this afternoon
to visit his new command, where as
artillery officer of the 101st Airborne
Division. he helped prepare that
famous outfit for the European
campaign
Soon after Bastogne, where Gen.
McAuliffe. then acting commander
of the 101st in the temporary alb
sence of Maj. Gen. Maxwell D. Tay-
lor, replied nuts" to the German
demand for surrender, he was made
major general, and was assigned
to command the 103d Infantry Divi-
sion. Two months ago he was as
signed to command the 10Th Infan-
try Division.
Gen. McAuliffe Is recovering from
head injury received in Germany
a month ago when an artillery OBJ
servation plane made an emergency
landing.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
(Fitth OF a Series.)
BY HOWARD w. BLAKEsLEE,

Associated PreSS science EdltOr.
NEW YORK, Aug. 24-The Ger
mans failed in the wartime race
for the atomic bomb mainly because
Of their way Of life and its effects
on scientists.
They erred also in concentrating
on the wrong end Of the alphabet:
On the "V" instead of the "a"
bombs.
Germany had the bomb principle
first and exclusively. when the
mathematician Lie Neither, made
the calculations Of the immense
energy in splitting uranium 1885.
Her chief, Otto Hahn. realized the
Importance of her work. Both were
In the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute,
Germany's top physical science
laboratory. In almost any other
country this secret would have been
guarded by the scientists themselves.
But DR.. Neither, Jew, left Ger
many because of the mistreatment
of Jews. So did DR.. Otto Frisch,
who was the first person to split
the uranium atom, the experiment
that led directly to producing the
bomb. So did other German-Jewish
scientists. @
Not all the scientific emigres were
Jewish. But all left Germany be-
cause Of the Nazi way Of life Had
Germany inspired the loyalty of
her scientists as do the democracies,
Germany probably would have
sewed up the bomb secret. She
might have perfected the weapon
without knowledge of her enemies.
Required More Manpower.
Picking the V bombs evidently was
costly to Germany's atomic bomb
progress, for these bombs required
probably more manpower and more
scientific effort than they proved to
be worth.
Even in the United States, there
was not enough manpower to de-
velop simultaneously all four ways
Of making successful atomic bomb
that were reported to President
Roosevelt by DR.. Vannevar Bush,
head of the Office OF Scientific Re-
search and Development. Ameri-
cans, British and Canadians con-
centrated on what seemed to be the
best phases, often choosing those
that interfered least with other war
work.
The Germans had other troubles,
stemming either from their mis-
treatment of Jews or from the dis
gust which good many scientists
felt for the Hitler regime. In 1912,
when the Allied atomic bomb pro-
gram was just getting under good
headway, the Germans transferred
A. T. Bombke, one of their good men
on atomic bombs, into radar re-
search. Bomke had been an asso-
ciate of Lord Rutherford in England
when the latter used the alpha par
ticles of thorium c to produce the
worlds first man-made atomic dis
integrations. The German back
wardness in radar was partly due
to the way of life that cramped
Germanic science.
Even so the Germans made some
brilliant progress. The heavy water
which Germany tried to get from
Norway, the worlds only produc-
tion plant, was prospectively useful
in two ways. tt could be used to
make an atomic teakettle, which in
some ways might do more efficient
job than the pile of graphite bricks
that United States scientists used
as an oven to produce atomic fire.
There is also a remote possibility
that the Nazis wanted the heavy
water because 1t might be useful
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Todoy's War Story
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Stan Correspondent

PRAGUE.-The white knights OF
Blank are riding-with red stars
on their shining helmets.
They are the Bohemian folk he
roes who, according to the legend,
have been asleep with their white
horses In great cavern In the CEN
ter Of Mount Blank for q thousand
years. They would wake and ride
again at the time Of the lands
greatest peril. Once more their
swords would cleave the skulls of
German and heathen.
These white knights may be con-
sidered as symbols OF the resurgence
of Pan-Slavism throughout this
land. Sorrows and sufferings OF the
last seven years have brought to
the people OF Bohemia. Moravia and
Slovakia keener consciousness of
race and of oneness with Slav peo-
pies everywhere than they have
known before for generations. This
may account for the popularity Of
the Russians regardless of differ
ences in economic philosophy.
Czechs and Slovaks are rather proud
that their rescuers were Russians
Slavs like themselves. With the sue
cesses of the Tito forces in Yugo-
slavia this made the liberation in
all the Slavic lands a clear cut
racial victory.
Wants to Be Slav Homeland.
Czechoslovakia wants to be a
Slavic homeland. This honor never
could be claimed by Russia itself
with the Asiatic strains in its blood
nor by Yugoslavia with its Medi-
terranean intermixtures. The only
rival might be Poland which appar-
emily has shown no aspirations In
that direction. There is a rampant
movement, without much official
sanction, for realignment Of boun-
daries to take in territories consid-
cred as historically Slav, though
they may not actually have had a
predominant Slav population for
centuries.
This is a new sort of Pan -Slavism
according to the Prague Pan-Slav
Committee. The old one, which
resulted in various ructions in Gen.
trail Europe for the last century, was
considered by many only as smoke
screen for Russian imperialist aspira-
tions. It's chief hackers always were
the Russian czars.
There remain several serious
trouble spots standing in the way OF
Pan-Slav aspirations. One Of the
worst Is the approximately 5000
square miles of Luzice, an ear-shaped
projection reaching from the north
ern frontier Of Sudetenland almost
to Berlin. 1t has a population Of
nearly 100000. About 10 per cent
Of these are Wends, members OF a
Slavic group closely related to the
Serbs.
Speaks German Only.
They speak only German. Their
material culture is German. They
have served without distinction In
the German forces. They are con-
sidered part of the enemy nation.
But despite the loss of language and
folkways the Wends have never lost
the consciousness that they are
! Slavs, not Teutons. The Germans
never have let them forget 1t. Except
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Truman Says lckes
Can Stay in Cabinet
As Long as He Likes

Secretary OF Interior Ickes, who
has been rumored on his way out
Of the cabinet ever since President
Truman took ofiice, can remain as
long as he desires, and the President
thinks he wants to stay.
Asked the customary question
about Mr.. Ickes' status at his news
conference late yesterday, the Presi-
dent said fatty that Mr.. Ickes, last
remaining member of the original
Roosevelt cabinet, would remain.
The decision, he indicated plainly,
was reached at lengthy session
with the 7l-year-old Interior chief
Wednesday. Mr.. Ickes, he con-
tinued, was going to undertake the
previously announced assignment to
negotiate a new oil treaty with
Great Britain.
Asked If Mr.. Ickes' service was
contingent on the completion OF
this mission, Mr.. Truman said firmly
that it was contingent ON Mr.. Ickes'
own desires and that he thought he
wanted to stay.
NO Qate mas peen SET Tor the Oil
parley, under which an agreement
will be sought on principles for or
derly operation of the international
petroleum trade to remove restric-
tive agreements and assure equal
opportunity to explore for oil by
nationals Of the two countries.
One agreement was drawn up that
met opposition from the American
oil industry on the ground it might
lead to too many Government con-
trolls. At Mr.. Ickes' suggestion, the
industry made its own revision, but
the terms of this proposal have not
been made public. Other Allied
countries will be invited to join in
the agreement.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Germans Lost Race to Develop
Atom Bomb Under Nozi System

in producing atomic power to drive
submarines.
While the German scientists scat
tered to other countries and spread
information about atomic bomb
principles, the Allied scientists did
just the opposite. They became
close-mouthed two years before the
United States entered the war. More
than a year before Pearl Harbor,
they did still better by clamping
down voluntary censorship that
resulted in suspension of publica-
ton of articles on the bomb. atomic
power or related discoveries.
In the end, Hitler tried to kidnap
Niels Bohr from Denmark and other
scientists to do his forced atomic
bomb research.
In contrast, American, British and
Canadian scientists were not urged.
In fact, at first they had to do their
own urging. This started in March,
1889, when DR.. George B. Pegram,
head Of the physics department OF
Columbia University, sent Enrico
Ferml, emlgre from Italy and now
an American citizen, who in some
ways is the pioneer Of the bomb, to
Washington to confer with the Navy.
The Navy replied that it would like
70 be kept Informed.
That same year. in July, Albert
Einstein, himself an expatriate of
the Reich, and a number Of other
scientists, including some foreign
born, went to Alexander Sachs of
New York, who knew President
Roosevelt. That fall Mr.. Sachs
talked to the President and also
presented letter from Einstein.
The President took action. The
start was small grant of $4,000
from the Army and the Navy in the
spring of 1910. That was the money
American scientists snowballed into
50, ,000, ,000, 900 and the atomic bomb.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
iVuuy Vut StoIy
Resurgence Of Pon-SIoyism
Spreads in CzechosIovukio

for small educated minority they
have remained an exploited class.
They have owned little property.
They have titled the soil Of their
ancestors for German owners.
Since the end Of the war the
Wends have formed . national
council and have sent two mem.
oranda to Premier Stain, whom
they look upon as the leader OF Pan
Slavism, outlining their objectives
and asking Russian support. First
they ask that they be considered
not as Germans, but as q liberated
slav nation. Secondly, they ask that
Wend prisoners of war be distin-
guished from Germans and I'M
mediately liberated.
Premier Stain, so far as known
has not replied to these memoranda
and responsible Czechs are none
too enthusiastic about 1t. They
want to be rid of minority problems
Annexation of Luzice would mean
that after de-Germanizing Sudeten-
land they would have almost hall
as many Germans on their hands
again to constitute another trouble
some minority. But among the
Czech people, inspired by the Pan
Slav ideal, there Is much agitation
for the annexation.
Ruthenia No Problem.
Quite different is the attitude
toward the little province Of Ru.
thenia, on the eastern edge OF Slo.
vakia. This has been ceded to Rus.
sia as a gesture Of friendship. Il
also comprises about 5000 square
miles but with a population Of les.
than million. Hungarian territory
before the last war, its economic
level remains quite low 1t was at.
tached to Czechoslovakia at tht
Versailles Conference as a buf1el
area between Poland and Hungary
but it always has been an economic
liability. The Czechs were glad tt
be rid Of it. Definite Russian
boundaries have not yet been fixed
Another difficult problem Is tha
| "a WIG chAoAA ~ S& d1Sd11o CA1C toWA
Of Teshin on the Czech Polish
frontier. Through this runs th'
Ola River which was fixed by th'
Council Of Ambassadors in 1920 a.
the international boundary. TIL,
Czechoslovakian portion was seizet
by the Poles after Munich. Th'
area is an important industrial sec
ton and the most important rail.
way junction connecting Bohemis
and Moravia with Slovakia. Botf
nations claim. the whole area from
an historical standpoint. AL tn.
prominent Czech papers urge thai
the nation never give up Teshin
regardless of Polish pressure.
Czechs also demand the incorpo.
ration of the city Of Glatz and its
outlying territory, now a part Of
German Silesia. The country arounc
Glatz forms a deep wedge into
Bohemian territory and it formerly
was part Of the Czech kingdom,
Evening star., 1945-08-24
St. Stephens Hand Back
In Place at Budapest
~ the Associated prsss

ES tne ASsOclateQ PresS.
SALZBURG, Aug. 24.-The hand
of st. Stephen. one of the most
priced relics in Hungarian history,
reached Budapest last Monday in
time for the annual st. Stephen s
day celebration, Capt. Ralph DEF
enbach, Catholic chaplain of the
I'd United States Army Corps, re-
ported last night on his return from
Budapest.
Hungarians enthusiastically ac-
claimed American slodiers for re-
turning the relic, which had been
in Austria for safekeeping, said
Father Diefenbach, who was en-
trusted to return it after the Army
gave permission.
Absence of the withered hand Of
st. Stephen, ancient canonized mon-
arch, would have marred the st.
Stephens festival.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
The Great GameofPo1itics
Observer Sees Serious Need for Economy
In Government; Approves Tax Cuts

dence of deep concern over this sit
uation and there is reason to be-
lieye he will give to Senator Byrd
the kind of presidential aid with
out which little can be achieved
along these lines. Mr.. Truman S
request for authority to reorgan-
ize the whole governmental machine
has already been made. Senator
Byd will press for action on it in
the Senate.
They are both entitled to sup
port from the people. II they do
not get it, it will be no tribute to
the popular character and intel
ligence.
Evening star., 1945-08-24

The most inde-
fensible W a s t e
becomes defen-
sible. 1t is both
silly and futile to
discuss economy
while fighting is
on.
Even in the
period of peace
1t, is not a pop
lllar issue. Every
c h e a p I o u r.
husher in both
ar es is a
spender of public
funds. The men
u,hn nnnnSe ua ste
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Jups to Lift Restrictions
On TruveI of FOREIGNERS

Ey the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO. Aug. 24.-The
Japanese Home Ministry will lift all
restrictions on the travel Of foreign
ers in Japan August 81, the Tokyo
radio said yesterday in an English
language broadcast recorded by the
Federal Communications Commits
mission
Evening star., 1945-08-24
J. B. CoIe-Humilton Dies

BICKNOLLER, England, Aug. "a
IB.-Air Vice Marshal j. B. Cole
Hamilton, who planned the fighter
escort system for British bombers
which made the big daylight raids
on Germany, died Wednesday, 1t
was announced today. He was 81
years old.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE.

". was LeOnafQOS Last sup
per" destroyed In the war?--A. F..
A. Leonardo's work is still on the
wall of the refectory of the Convent
of Santa Maria delle Carrie in
Milan. It's ruined condition is not
the result of war, but of the action
of the materials used by the painter.
Attempts will be made to preserve
this famous mural.
@. Which annual blooms the
quickest?-P. L. E.
A. Horticulture says that Cor
eopsis stillmani is the quickest
annual flower to bloom. 1t will bear
flowers in five weeks from seed.
@. How long do butterflies live?
W. E. J.
A. The lives of most butterflies
are short, from a few days onward.
The tortoise-sh of the North, the
longest lived. may survive for a
whole year.
@. What is cryolite used for?-V.
G..
A. This mineral is used in the
manufacture of aluminium. The
worlds only natural source of
cryolite in quantities large enough
for commercial use is at Ivigtut on
the west coast of Greenland. It
forms the country's principal source
of revenue.
@. Who created the statue of
Vulcan which stands In Birming-
ham, Ala ?-N. E. @.
A. Giuseppe Moretti. This statue
of the god of fire was made from
pig iron produced in the area. 1t
weighs so tons.
@. When were caps and gowns
first worn in American colleges?
p. B. l..
A. The wearing Of caps and
gowns in American schools was
comparatively rare until the last
quarter of the 10Th century. A move
ment toward a general adoption of
a uniform system resulted in the
calling of an intercollegiate COM
mission, which met in 1894 at Co.
lumbia University under the chair
manship of President Low. Yale,
Princeton and New York University
were also represented.
@. In computing points for dis
charge, how is oversee service reck-
oned? Does it begin from the date
of leaving the United States or
from the date of landing overseas?
r. T. H.
A. The War Department says
that oversee service for a soldier
of our Army begins on the date OF
his departure from the American
port of embarkation and ends on
the date of his arrival at an Amer
lean port Of embarkation.
@. Who is the Oldest flve-star
general?-G. E. Y.
A. General of the Army Douglas
who was born January
26, 1880, is the oldest of the Ave-
star generals.
@. Please give the number of
Navy chaplains of the various de-
nominations.-C. D. T.
A. The Navy Department says
that there are 7s0 Roman Catholic,
1868 Protestant and AZ Jewish
chaplains.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Cubu Ends Censorship

HAVANA, Aug. "a tP.-Fernan-
dez Del Riego, director of the Cuban
ONCE Of censorship, announced ter
mination Of all censorship in Cuba
effective yesterday.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
BY Frank X. Kent

During the war 1t was impossible
to talk governmental economy. War
makes economy ridiculous. No one
can think seriously on the subject.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Syria Seeks New Cabinet

DAMASCUS, Syria, Aug. "a P.-
Faris Ell Khoury. who resigned three
days ago as premier. agreed yester-
day to form new Syrian cabinet.
Evening star., 1945-08-24

Saudi Arabia now Is heavy
buyer OF glass products, especially
lamp chimmeys and empty bottles.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
Answers to
Questions

A reader can get the answer to any
question OF fact by writing The Eve
street Me-, Washington 9. D. c, Please
incloSe ) cents tor return postage.
Evening star., 1945-08-24
e. District Men Report
10 Armed Forces Today

>. Twenty EIGHT District men have
been ordered to report for induction
Into the armed forces today. They
Evening star., 1945-08-24

@. Who created the statue of
Vulcan which stands in Birming-
ham, Alan. E. @.
A. Giuseppe Moretti. This statue
of the god of fire was made from
pig iron produced in the area. 1t
weighs so tons.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-07-20
New Plastics Get More
Remarkable All the Time

While plastic cars and plastic
houses "are certainly not for the i'm
mediate future" DR.. J. J. Pyle, di-
rector of General Electric's plastics
laboratory, declares, you may rest
assured that in the next 10 years
plastic products will find their way
into your everyday life in ever-in-
creasing numbers.
DR.. Pyle mentioned list of prop
critics available in plastic materials
which runs the gamut:
Materials so tough that they can
not be broken with a hammer to
others as brittle as sandstone; plaS-
tics with greater transparency than
glass to others that even X-rays
have difficulty going through; ma
terials that are as soft as putty or
rubber to others almost as hard as
glass; certain plastics flow and dis
tort at temperatures considerably
less than boiling water (212 degrees
F.) whereas others will withstand
temperatures as high as the melting
point of aluminium alloys Q,300-1, 400
degrees F); certain compositions
are among the best electrical insula-
tors and others are semiconductors !;
some plastics can be exposed to sun
light forever with no color change
and others only for matters of min
utes or hours.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1945-07-20

None broke at that point as result
of this work.
At Fort Smith, Ark, gasoline
shortages developed when bulk gaso-
line plants of major oil companies
bordering the Arkansas river were
flooded, but the Red Cross chapter
managed to keep its power boat and
workers at the task of evacuating
families in nearby Moffett, Okla,
and the Paw Paw bottoms, several
miles from the city itself.
At nearby Van Buren,, crew of
disaster workers had to stand by on
April II when a levee crumbled, de-
spite their intense efforts, and IL
houses floated down the river as they
watched helplessly.
At Talco, Texas, the army turned
over assault boats to disaster work.
ers to evacuate families when White
Oak creek went out of its banks dur
ing the heaviest spring rains that
section of Texas had experienced in
years.