davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Proclamation
Nation Will Observe
Day of Mourning

The tert OF President Tru-
mans day OF mourning proc
ldmdtion.'
"It has pleased God in His infinite
wisdom to take from us the i'm
mortal spirit of Franklin Delano
Roosevelt.
The leader of his people in a
great war, he lived to see the
assurance of the victory but not
to share it. He lived to see the
first foundations of the free and
peaceful world to which his life
was dedicated, but not to enter on
that world himself.
His fellow countrymen will sorely
miss his fortitude and faith and
courage in the time to come.
THE peoples of the earth who
love the ways of freedom and of
hope will mourn for him.
But though his voice is silent,
his courage is not spent, his faith
is not extinguished. The courage
of great men outlives them to be-
come the courage of their people
and the peoples of the world. 1t lives
beyond them and upholds their pur-
poses and brings their hopes to pass.
Now, therefore, I, Harry S. Tru-
man, President of the United States
of America. do appoint Saturday
next, April IA, the day of the funeral
services for the dead President, as
a daV 0f nnoIIrpipu opd orovor
throughout the United States. I
earnestly recommend the people to
assemble on that day in their re-
spective places of divine worship,
there to bow down in submission
to the will of Almighty God, and to
pay out of full hearts their homage
of love and reverence to the memory
OF the great and good man whose
death they mourn.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Exchanges Open Today,
Will Close Tomorrow
Rv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Major stock and commodity ex-
changes will be open today, but most
will close tomorrow, the day OF
President Roosevelt's funeral. Ex-
ceptions are the New York Cotton
Exchange, New York Wool Futures
Mart and New Orleans Cotton Ex-
change, which will close today and
tomorrow.
Exchanges open today, but closed
Saturday are: New York Produce
Market, Chicago Board of Trade,
New York Stock Exchange, New
York Curb Exchange, New York Sc
curity Dealers Association and the
San Francisco Stock Exchange.
A two-minute period of prayer
was observed at the stock market
opening today.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
u. 5. Destroyer Sunk
In Suicide Pilots
Attack Off 0kinawa
Several American Ships
Hit; l18 jap Planes
Destroyed in Bottle
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
GUAM, April ia strong
Japanese air fleet, including
suicide pilots bent on self-de-
struction in crashes against
choice targets, sank an American
destroyer and damaged several
other ships off Okinawa yester-
day in a fierce engagement in
which l18 enemy aircraft were
destroyed.
All evidence suggested that most
of the attacking force was wiped
out-by suicide crashes if not by
American interceptors and antiair-
craft guns ashore and afloat.
The attack was directed at ships
and supply dumps at the 10th
Army's beachhead on the west
coast. Seven planes were destroyed
in the morning and Ill in furious
afternoon engagement.
Japs' Claims Unconfirmed.
Tokyo radio claimed, totally with
out confirmation, that Japanese fly
ers sank two battleships and two
large transports in the Okinawa ac-
ton and left five other large war
ships afire. It said only two Japa-
nese planes were lost.
japanese planes bombed and
strafed Katena and Yontan airfields
before dawn while Jap artillery
shelled the landing strips.
A few enemy aircraft attacked
shipping again last night, slightly
damaging destroyer escort after
it shot down two.
Admiral Chester w. Nimitz, de-
scribing the attack as suicidal" in
his communique today, indicated the
Japanese pilots were members of
the "Kamikaze," or special attack
corps, highly advertised by the jap
anese as volunteers for death. There
has been no official mention of Jap
anese suicide flyers for six months
or more.
Admiral Nimitz said all the
American ships damaged remained
in operation.
Yesterdays desperate attack was
the second heavy aerial assault in
six days against the invaders of
Okinawa. Last Friday three Amer
ican destroyers were lost while 116
Japanese planes were destroyed.
Fighting Remains Intense.
Fighting in the southern sector Of
Okinawa did not relax in intensity.
No advances In the southern sector
were reported for the eighth Sue
(See OKINAWA, Page A-16.)
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Truman's Problems
May Bring Shift From
Personal Diplomacy
Stettinius Projected
Into Highly Responsible
Role by RooseveIt's Death
TRUMAN FACES task to keep party
factions united. Story on page Az.
BY GARRETT d. HORNER.

President Truman faced a Sc
ries of critical international
problems today under the handi-
cap of not having the close work.
ing relationship with Prime
Minister Churchill and Premier
Stain which President Roosevelt
had developed during the war.
One result of the new Chief
Executives lack of intimate expert
ence in the conduct of foreign af-
fairs is expected to be shift from
the personal diplomacy of Mr..
Roosevelt to give new and much
greater responsibility to Secretary
of State Stettinius.
Official word that the end of Or
ganized fighting in Germany may
come within a few days added to
the urgency of the many problems
whose solution rests largely with the
Big Three of the United Nations.
The Russian, British and Chinese
Ambassadors made appointments to
see Mr.. Stettinius at noon. There
was no indication of their mission.
Mr.. Truman made it clear as soon
as he assumed Office last night fol-
1Coo INITEDN pooo A-SN
Evening star., 1945-04-13

All Washington will pay re-
spects tomorrow to the memory
of President Roosevelt. who for
the last IL years was the city's
First Citizen.
Federal Government workers will
be let of work in the afternoon, and
departments are working on plans
for memorial service observances.
All District government Offices and
courts with the exception of emer-
gency services such as police, fire
and hospitals, will be closed all day.
The Commissioners have ordered
streets roped of in preparation for
the crowds expected to line the
route from Union Station to the
White House to view the procession
after the late Presidents remains
arrive at Union Station at 10 am.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Body Of Roosevelt Enroute Here;
Truman Will Address Conqress
President to Talk
On Foreign Affairs
In Speech Monday

BY the Associated Press.
President Truman told Sena-
tors today he will outline his
foreign policies briefly at a joint
session of Congress at l pm.
Monday. He will speak to the
Nations armed forces by radio
Tuesday night.
Senators who attended an un-
precedented luncheon with the new
President at the Capitol on his first
day in Office said Mr.. Truman told
them he is 100 per cent for President
Roosevelt's foreign policies.
The President, who took time out
at the luncheon to shake hands
with newspapermen, Senate en-
ployes and pages, left the Capitol
for the White House at 2:25 pm.
Hopes to Reassure World.
In discussions with a group of
Senators, President Truman made
it plain, some of those at the lunch
con said. that he hopes to reassure
the world on foreign policy ques-
tions in his brief address at the
joint session.
He was reported to have expressed
belief that there was some uneasi-
ness in the world because of his
predecessors death and that he
wished to make it clear there would
be no change in the overall princi-
pies of this Nations dealings with
other countries.
In radio address Tuesday night,
which will be beamed to members
Of the armed forces all over the
world, Mr.. Truman is expected to
pay tribute to President Roosevelt
and to ureg that the war be carried
forth vigorously on all fronts with
victory as a potetial memorial for his
late chief.
Byrnes Returns.
When he returned to the White
House this afternoon he found
James F. Byrnes, former directo,
of war mobilization and reconver.
sion, who had come back from
South Carolina to offer his services
Mr.. Byrnes had no comment tt
make as he entered the executive
Offices.
His arrival raised speculation
whether he might be asked by Presi.
dent Truman to return to the White
House to work.
Leaving his modest Connecticut
avenue apartment early for the
White House, the new President:
l. Held an emergency war council
with his top military commanders.
2. Reviewed world political prob
lens in 20-minute conference with
Secretary of State Stettinius.
3. Conferred with close lawyer
friend, Hugh Fulton, who has been
mentioned for a post If any Cabinet
changes are made.
COP Support Pledged.
Heartened by a formal pledge of
support from the Senate Republican
delegation, Mr.. Truman began the
day by declaring my schedule will
be busy one every day"
Mr.. Truman set up offices in the
Oval room Immediately after his
arrival.
His first official visitor, Secretary
Stettinius, arrived at 10:15 am
and hurried into the Presidents
Office. He came out Is minutes
later, then returned to remain five
minutes more.
Not a word, sorry" he said as
Evening star., 1945-04-13
80 Days of Mourning
Ordered Throughout
Army and Navy

Army and Navy personnel
scattered over the world were
ordered today by the Secre-
taries of War and Navy to
observe a 30-day period of
mourning for the death Of
President Roosevelt.
Wherever combat conditions
permit, memorial services will
be held tomorrow, the day Of
the funeral, and the usual
military and naval marks of
respects for the honored dead
will be carried out for a month.
But the wearing of mourning
bands, the draping Of colors
and the firing of salutes will be
dispensed with because Of war
conditions.
Army and Navy flags will be
at half staff for q month.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Simple Services to
Be Held at 4P.M.
AtWhite House

President Truman has pro-
claimed tomorrow as "a day OF
mourning and prayer through
out the United States" for
Franklin D. Roosevelt and or
dered all executive departments
and agencies to be closed to-
morrow afternoon.
The proclamation and orders were
made public today by Secretary of
State Stettinius as the White House
announced that the new President
will attend burial services in Hyde
Park Sunday morning.
The special train bearing the body
of Mr.. Roosevelt to Washington for
funeral services in the East Room
of the White House, at 4 pm. to-
morrow, left Warm Springs, Ga, at
11:15 am. (EWT). 1t is due here at
10 a IN. tomorrow. The body will not
lie in state.
Security Rules Discarded.
White House Press Secretary JON
athan Daniels said security rules on
the travels of the President will have
to be cast aside for the occasion Of
the burial in the Roosevelt family
home in Hyde Park.
While lacking full details of plans
for the White House funeral rites,
Mr.. Daniels said they would be
simple and dignified. He added
that no photographers would be per-
mitted in the East Room for the
ceremony and there will be no radio
broadcast of the actual services.
Most of. Mr.. Roosevelt's- family
will gather here for the funeral,
probably including Elliott and
James, two of his sons who are in
the fighting forces. Mr.. Daniels
announced that Harry Hopkins,
President Roosevelt's confidential
adviser, will fly here from the Mayo
Clinic in Rochester, Mimi, where
he has been under treatment, and
then return there Immediately after
the services.
MIR. Daniels said Mrs. Roosevelt
had expressed the wish not to have
flowers sent.
Honor Guard of Soldiers.
The 10-car special train carrying
Mr.. Roosevelt's body was full OF
friends and associates, who hurried
to Warm Springs when news of his
death spread.
The body was taken to the train
on a motor hearse through a lane
of soldiers from Fort Benning, Ga.
Two thousand soldiers from the
Fort Benning infantry school and
parachute school arrived in the
early morning hours to provide an
honor guard, the Associated Press
reported.
Fifty picked MPs from Fort Ben
ming provided a lane at the little
village station through which the
funeral cortege passed. The pro-
cession also passed the Warm
Springs Foundation administration
building where infantile paralysis
patients sat and stood to watch
their benefactor pass for the last
time.
The winding red dirt road from
the Roosevelt Pine Mountain cot
tage to the foundation gate was
filled with troops who led the slow
march to the train which began at
1925 am. The eight body bearers
included four Army men from Fort
Benning, two Marines from the
Presidents guard encamped at
1See ROOSEVELT Page A-8.)
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Commons Adjourns;
Eden Will Fly Here
For Roosevelt Rites
Churchill Requests House
To Quit Out Of Respect to
Man of Immortal Renown'
STAIN LEADS RUSSIANS in pay
ing tribute to Roosevelt. Page A.,
!y the Associated Press.

by the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 13.-A solemnly
hushed House of Commons ad-
journed five minutes after it had
convened today in respect to the
memory of President Roosevelt.
His shoulders bowed and face
pale, Prime Minister Churchill in
formed the House of the death Of
this great departed statesman and
war leader" dear and cherished"
friend.
There was conjecture in the Brit
ish press whether Mr.. Churchill
might fly to the funeral, but the
British Press Association said For
eign Secretary Anthony Eden would
attend as the British government
representative.
Chorus of Tributes.
Britain-King, Prime Minister and
comn1oner-mourned that the Presi-
dentsA.their friend in the days of
darkest despair, had been denied
almost on the eve of victory the
triumph of his war leadership.
The swelling chorus of tributes to
the man who helped turn the tide
of war by bracing Britain when she
stood alone and under German
o. ~YIY~ (TITV n
Evening star., 1945-04-13

AoNDJN NJ.-FIeIIllcT oCd-
lin tonight announced the
capture of Vienna.
Ey the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 13.-Russian
troops were moving today on the
Czechoslovak city of Bruenn
(Brno), SO miles north of Vienna,
after cutting the last lifelines
between the two cities in attacks
that doomed the remaining Nazi
forces in the historic Austrian
capital.
Moscow said Soviet spearheads
burst within 80 miles of Bruenn in
an invasion over the Southern
Moravia border.
Russian artillery hammered Ger
man defensive positions along the
Oder and aerial reconnaissance indi-
Gated that the zero hour was neal
for a new Russian lunge on Berlin
but the immense Soviet ground
forces were not yet on the move. ~
The German high command COM
munique-as it has for more than
a week-reported no fighting o1
consequence anywhere between
Czechoslovakia and Stettin on the
Baltic.
Reds Silent About Front.
The Russians said nothing Off.
cially concerning that front anc
no Moscow broadcasts heard by thu
Soviet monitor in London men.
toned it. The war news division
of the Soviet Embassy also re-
ported no news from the area.
German military commentators
always prompt to report Russian
activity on the Berlin front-saie
only that massive Russian concen.
trations along the Oder were ready
or nearly ready for attack.
Inside Vienna, fall Of which has
been expected hourly, there was
bitter house-to-house fighting as
Marshal Feodor I. Tolbukhin's So
Ukrainian Army yesterday seized sc
blocks of the Jewish quarter OF
Leopoldstadt, between the Danube
and the Danube Canal.
Meanwhile, Berlin reported gen.
eral Nazi withdrawal west of the
beleaguered capital along the Dan
Evening star., 1945-04-13

within 7 miles OF the city.
BY the Associated Press
PARIS, April 13.-The Ameri-
can 9th Army today closed
within IS miles of Berlin in a
60-mile armored advance which
reached the already crossed
Elbe River on a wide front.
Neary 100 miles of the Elbe banks
were patrolled by 9Th Army troops.
They stood within 80 miles of Rus
sian siege lines east of Berlin.
The nearest approach to the cap
ital was in bend of the river just
south of Tangermuende, where the
Germans blew the bridges.
Duisburg, Europe's greatest inland
port and Germany's 14th city, fell
to the 9Th Army in the shrinking
and by-passed Ruhr pocket. The
Sd Army captured Erfurt, reached
the streets of Jena and was 18 miles
from Leipzig and "a miles from
Czechoslovakia.
1st Army Arvances 35 Miles.
Between these charging forces Of
1t. Gems. William H. Simpson and
George S. Patton, jr., 1st Army tanks
broke into a 35-mile run across the
golden meadows" to within II miles
of Leipzig, largest city in Saxony.
1t. Gen. Courtney H. Hodges shock
troops reached the WeiSse River, 2
miles west of ZeitZ, town already
within light artillery range of the
Sd Army.
The I'd Armored (Hell on Wheels)
Division, which crossed the Elbe at
Magdeburg yesterday, was meeting
stiff opposition on the eastern bank
of the last river barrier before
Berlin. Reinforcements and sup
plies poured across the Elbe as the
tank troops gathered strength for
the final push on Berlin, expected
to start within day or so.
The 9Th Army dash to the Elbe
outfanked all Denmark, and the
German ports of Hamburg and Lue-
beck
10000 More Nazis Captured.
The disintegration of the German
Army continued. Nearly 10000 more
captives went into cages of the first
four armies reporting. The 1st Army
alone took 25,148 yesterday, most of
them from the Ruhr pocket. The
death trap is now much less than
half its original size and an esti-
mated $4,000 of the originally
trapped 10000 have surrendered.
The British took 5000, the French
1000 and the 7th Army $500.
In the center the Americans were
advancing toward Leipzig in their
drive to bisect Germany and join
the Russians. The Germans said
American tanks were fighting in
Halle, Is miles from Leipzig, after
bypassing the medieval cathedral
city of Merseburg.
The Elbe, which 9th Army units
have already crossed, bends eastward
to the north of Magdeburg and then
swings back along northwesterly
course through Hamburg to the
North Sea. Tangermuende is in
the bend and closest to Berlin, al
though troops there are on the west
bank OF the $50 to 1000 foot wide
stream
The 5th Armored Division reached
the river at Seehausen and the 83d
Division closed up to the stream at
Barby, outflanking Magdeburg, IA
miles to the northwest. Barby lies
So miles southwest of Berlin.
Gen. Patton's 80 Army racing
across Eastern Germany virtually
unopposed advanced within "a
miles of Czechoslovakia, drove
into the streets of Napoleons old
battlefield city of Jena, and cap
Evening star., 1945-04-13

r'Tony" V1ccdro copered Hurry
Truman's campaign for the pice
presidency. Today, ,Dhen Mr..
Truman rode to the White House
to take up his duties as Presi-
dent, Mr.. Vaccaro was one of
t,Do personal friends ,Dho accom-
panied him..
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Normal Radio Programs
To Be Resumed Today
Ey the Associated Press,

NEW YORK, April 13.-Radio net
works, which Cancelled their COM
mercial programs when news Of the
President's death was received, to-
|day announced plans for resuming
normal schedules.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Bulletin
B. -29s Blast Tokyo.

A big fleet of Super Fort
resses, possibly 800 or 400,
blasted Tokyo again today,
goth Air Force headquarters
announced.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Services Send Aid.

There were no accurate estimates
of injuries and damage in Okla
homa but hundreds of persons were
hospitalized and sections of cities
were swept away by the winds fury.
Red Cross Chairman Paul Osborn
at Antlers, struggling to bring order
into rescue work, said one-third of
the city of 5000 was demolished
when wind caught up 500 or 900
residences. Army posts and Red
Cross chapters were sending all
1See TORNADOES. Page A-l6.)
Evening star., 1945-04-13
IA KILLED, Hundreds
Homeless Oklahoma
In Wake Of Twisters
Sixteen Others Dead
In Arkansas and Four
Are Victims in Missouri
By the Associated Press.

OKLAHOMA CITY, April 13.-
Oklahoma counted its tornado
dead at "a and the homeless in
hundreds today after twisters
spread destruction in a dozen
cities and rural communities.
The storms swept on into Ar
kansas, killing at least 16 persons.
Five were missing. Four were killed
in Missouri and % more injured.
Most seriously hit in Oklahoma
by yesterday afternoons storms
were Antlers with so dead, Musko-
gee with IA and Hubert and Okla
homa City with three each. Boggy
Depot had one fatality, as did Red
Oak, Greenwood Junction and
Roland. In Arkansas, two were
killed at Dora and one near Fayette-
vile.
Evening star., 1945-04-13

Four additional men from
the District area hare been re-
ported killed in this ,udr. See
ION the Honor RoH," Page Az.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
9Th Army Tanks
Now As Miles
From Berlin
Hodges Is Moving
Down Lost II Miles
Toward Leipzig
BULLETIN.

PARIS (P).-The American
1st Army opened the battle
for Leipzig today, closing to
within miles of the city.
Evening star., 1945-04-13

(See RUSSIA, Page A-8D
Evening star., 1945-04-13

(See CHURCHILL, Page A-8D
Evening star., 1945-04-13

(See TRUMAN, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Stain Announces
Capture Of Vienna;
Reds Near Bruenn
Moving Over Southern
Morovion Border on
CzeehosIovok City
BULLETIN.

LONDON P.-Premier Sta
lin tonight announced the
capture of Vienna.
Evening star., 1945-04-13

(See MOURNING, Page A-16D
Evening star., 1945-04-13

(See ROOSEVELT, Page A-8.
Evening star., 1945-04-13

Temperatures today-High, 81, at 1880
pm; low, So, at 7:20 am. Yesterday
High, IA, at $40 pm; low, 60, at 4:24
am.
Evening star., 1945-04-13
Guide for Readers

An Associoted Press Newspaper
Evening star., 1945-04-13

Fair today; low tonight near go; show
ers tomorrow.
Evening star., 1945-12-04

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Evening star., 1945-12-04

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Evening star., 1945-12-04

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Evening star., 1945-12-04

+os ..<-
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-03-05

race relations, according to Wea-
yer, is the fate of minority work
ers under existing seniority rules.
Under Weaver's direction, the
council is conducting spot sur
vey of the automobile, steel, rub
Der, electrical and packing indus
tries to supply the factual basis for
management-labor conference.
The conference will deal with
problems apt to arise at the COM
munity level as the result of ap-
plication of seniority provisions.
It was stressed that the mere
naming of state and city race rela
tions committees does not solve the
problem. Several hundred now
exist throughout the nation.
Continued from page 8
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-03-05
SURVEY SHOWS PLANNING URGENT
CONTINUED from page u

(COnClnueQ from page
layed by local and state action, but
in almost all states on the west
coast legislation is being proposed
which will severely threaten what
little security they now may have.
For example, groups in almost all
states are now attempting to in
crease residence requirements for
state aid. If these attempts are sue
cessful, most war workers in these
states will be ineligible for relief
or state benefits. Those same work
ers will in most cases also be in
eligible for relief in their states of
origin, and thus will be completely
denied assistance anywhere in the
event of unemployment.
Weaver reported that although
proportional increases in Negro
population have been somewhat
smaller in mid-western and eastern
cities, the actual number of per-
sons involved is larger, and SIM
liar and equally serious problems
are anticipated in communities
such as Detroit, Cleveland, Chica-
go, Philadelphia, Wilmington and
a number of other communities. In
all of those cities minority groups
have been introduced into war
plants late in the war, have not
been too-widely upgraded and may
we'll be among the first to be laid
off. Further, these workers are
concentrated in the larger war
plants which may close down per-
manently in the peace-time econ
omy or will be difficult to convert
for peace-time production.
The pattern therefore is fair
ly uniform one in almost all labor
shortage areas throughout the
country. A large influx Of Negro
and white war workers. Negroes
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1945-03-05

Council on Race Relations that full
employment is prerequisite to an
effective approach to the other as
poets of race relations, such as
housing and recreation.
"There are those who believe
talk of full employment is idealis-
tic, said Liveright, ''but if main
tanning democracy is practical,
then planning for full employment
is practical. We agree that private
industry must take the initiative,
but private industry must be will
ing to admit that government must
plan to take up the slack wherever
and whenever private industry is
unable to do the job"
One aspect of the employment
problem Immediately affecting