davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-18

The worlds greatest adventure in in
ternational collaboration is moving to-
ward its earliest stage-a first and
organizational meeting of the General
Assembly Of the United Nations Under
the leadership 81 former Secretary of
State Edward r. Stettinius, jr., chair
man of the Preparatory Commission now
meeting in London, the details for this
meeting are being worked out Mr.
Stettinius has been driving for meet
ing of the assembly early in December,
organization Of the powerful Security
Council in January and full-f1edged
meeting of the General Assembly, ready
to tackle all problems that come before
1t, on April 25-one year from the day on
which the United Nations Conference
opened In San Francisco. 80
Under existing plans, the assembly
meeting in December is expected to take
place in London. AS Of today and unless
there is q change in plans, this meeting
will confine itself to organization, elect
ing the six nonpermanent members of
the Security Council, providing for the
Economic and Social Council and the
Trusteeship Council, and electing sec
retary-general The full Preparatory
blAC "a 0lAtSu
Nations is to meet in November and
take action on the report of its Execu-
tive Committee, which has been at work
for weeks in London.
HAA&
The Executive Committee has already
voted that the permanent home of the
United Nations be located in the United
States. 1t will be up to the full COM
mittee to confirm this action or to pick
some other locality, and finally the
assembly itself must act Presumably
the action Of the Executive Committee
will be ratifed-and the home of the
new organization will be in this country.
If that course is followed. then the
secretary general will be chosen from
some other country. probably European.
When the United Nations Charter was
drafted last spring the general suppose
ton was that the headquarters of the
organization would be located in Europe
and the secretary general would be All
American.
The hope of the peace loving nations
of the world centers In the United Ma
tions. Upon its successful operation will
depend, in all probability, the peace Of
the world for the next half century and
perhaps for many more years. The need
Of such an organization, In which the
nations of the world may consult and
strive to adjust differences and in which
they may prove mutually helpful, was
Evening star., 1945-10-18
The Public Interest

There is not the slightest doubt
that the decision to call of the soft
coal strike was, as spokesman for
the United Mine Workers has said,
''in the public interest"
The public interest, however, has
suffered very severely as result OF
this strike. A few weeks ago the Ma
tion was warned by Government
officials, including Mr.. Ickes, that
the soft coal situation was extremely
serious. Earlier strikes had curtailed
production and there was no way in
which that deficit could be made
good. Yet it was hoped that by care
full management 1t would be possible
to satisfy our essential domestic
needs and also make good on our
commitment to furnish minimum
of coal to needy European countries.
Then, on September 81, came the
beginning of the strike which has
now been terminated by order of
John L. Lewis, but which, at its peak,
shut down mines from which came
nearly two-thirds of the country's
coal production. Certainly, If the
strike had lasted few days longer,
the consequences would have been
disastrous. And If there was no ex-
aggeration in the statements Of
those who were calling attention q
few weeks ago to the seriousness of
the coal situation, it would seem in
evitable that, even with the miners
back at work, this latest stoppage
will result in no small measure of
hardship before the winter is over.
1t should be noted that this was
not a strike over wages, but over a
question of recognizing a union of
mine foremen. The dispute essen
tally concerns an Interpretation of
the Wagner Act, and test case is
awaiting decision by the National
Labor Relations Board, which was
created by Congress for the express
purpose OF settling such contro-
versies as this. But the miners, in
this instance, were not content to
pursue the orderly remedy estab-
lished by law. They preferred the
remedy OF strike action, taken at
public expense, and in this sense
their conduct is another example Of
that irresponsible union activity
which is encouraged by the Wagner
Act because Of the failure of that
law to prescribe any standard of re-
sponsibility for unions.
In this setting, the back-to- work
order, and the stated reason for it,
will be welcomed as evidencing
recognition Of the public interest in
dispute of this kind, and as tardy
but nevertheless constructive con-
cession to public opinion. It seems
perfectly evident, however, that the
right of the public to be protected
against abuses Of this kind should
not be left to the whim Of any. labor
leader. This protection should come
from legislative action that would
compel unions to assume a measure
OF responsibility to the public COM
mensurate with the power they have
demanded and obtained from Con-
greSS.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Treusury

Shake notD the purple leapes from mid.
nights tree,
And gather stars that nestle In the
ferns.
From moments such as this the spirit
learns
HotD deeply It may drink OF ecstncy.
Drtve noto into the dedtb-dnrk lake to
free
From its soft snare a moon that teebly
yeGrHs
To tread again the clouds. Through
these concerns
The finger frinDes OF infnity.
These are not pebbles that adorn the
beach,
But pearls aioaitin0 some ones eager
floss
TGke, II you ,0ill, aud string an end
less strand.
All paradise is 'l0lD iDithin your reach,
Bliss to be had from some Elysian
loss
Haze you the thirstinc heart, the
hungry hnnd7
JOHN NIXON. Jr.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Favors Cadet Training

To the Editor of The Star:
would like to express my views on
the cadet situation here in the high
schools, concerning the white enroll
ment dropping off, mainly because par
ents are excusing their boys from cadet
training because the war is over.
It's plain to me that these parents
didn't attend Washington schools and
do not realize the value of cadet train
ing, regardless of war. I myself
graduated from Eastern way back in
1928. There was no thought of war at
that time, yet all the boys who
amounted to anything were in the
cadets. We girls wouldn't think Of
speaking to any boys who wasn't.
My own son started to High this fall
and has joined the cadets. Two of his
pals we're undecided, but finally joined.
Now they are all together and enjoying
it very much. 1t is wonderful training
for any boy, regardless of whether you
want him to continue training or not.
BERNICE E. SIMMS.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
'Foolishness' Is Not the Word
By Raymond Moiey

No one except President Truman is
in position to give the public the facts
about the basic issue In current strikes.
That issue runs through all labor argu-
ments, not only in labor leaders state
ments, but in the labor and pro-labor
press. 1t is whether the companies which
are victims of strikes are "gorged"
with profits, as one apologist puts it.
Here is an issue of cold fact. The Pre-
sident has at his command all the facts
necessary to a Judgment on this point
Treasury facts, WPB facts, War and
powers Of the President, Congress au-
thorized every means necessary not only
to measure war profits. but to take the
profit out Of war" z
The Truman Committee was created
during the war to prevent, among other
things, the very profiteering which Is
now charged. The Full Employment Bill,
which President Truman favors, as
sumes that the President Is already the
fountainhead Of economic data. No one
else had such statistical services. No one
else can create that public opinion which
is the only thing that all sides in these
controversies will respect.
Yet that latent force Of public opinion
is unused. The public is annoyed but, In
the main, confused
We now learn that reorganization
Of the Labor Department is no cure-all.
The assumption that the trouble was in
the scattering OF labor agencies was
Candidate Dewey's great weakness Ia
his 1914 lat1nr rrn0raY.. n dnncysk mat
ter where labor agencies may be located
In the Government. Il those agencies
are wrongly conceived and unfairly Ad-
ministered. The New Deal In the Labor
Department has dons nothing but bring
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Typhoon

@AAS aCoeAA dAil QCtdotdtlOIl WTOugQL
by the intense cyclonic storm which
recently hit Okinawa Island high
lights climatic phenomenon that
frequently handicapped our naval
and military operations in the West
ern Pacific and which is a potential
danger even in peacetime. The vio-
lence of these visitations is shown
by the fact that the wind gauges on
Okinawa registered 120 miles per
hour at the moment they were blown
away before the winds reached
maximum velocity. Had such a
storm hit Okinawa during the cru
cial phase of our invasion, it might
have caused major military dis
aster. Their frequency and destruc-
tive power have to be taken into
account in the construction and
maintenance of air and naval bases
in the Pacific which are now in con-
temptation.
Throughout the Orient these
storms are known as typhoons. The
name derives probably from the
Arabic word "tufan," meaning
tempest, though other possible de-
rivatives are the Chinese phrase
"t'ai fung," strong wind, and the
Greek "typhon," NEUROLOGICAL deity
personifying volcanic forces. They
are essentially the same as our "hur-
ricanes," the causes being identical.
The hurricane is bred in the belt of
tropical calms extending across the
Atlantic from the west coast of
Africa to the West Indies. This calm
belt is known to mariners as "the
doldrums." Under atmospheric con-
ditions which reach their maximum
from late summer to midautumn,
the superheated air in the calm belt
OF ocean finds holes In the colder
layers above and ruShes violently
upward, tending to assume circu-
lar motion with partial vacuum in
the center of the column, much like
water emptying itself through an
outlet at the base of a bowl. The
circular storm which results gains
rapidly In violence and velocity, the
trend being generally westward. It's
intensity persists SO long as 1t moves
over water. When 1t passes over
land, lack of moisture causes it to
diminish and ultimately dissipate.
Pacific typhoons are both more
numerous and more violent than
Atlantic hurricanes. This is due to
a number of factors. To begin with,
the Pacific "doldrum" belt, extend
ing from the west coast of South
America to the coast of Southeast
ern Asia, is proportionately longer
and broader than that Of the Allan
tic. Also, the atmospheric shifts
over the Asiatic continent, as the
summer climatic pattern breaks up
preparatory to that of winter, incite
and intensity the progress of circu-
lar storms more than does the cor
responding process over North
America. The typhoon season cor
responds to our hurricane season.
In both cases the storms normally
begin In August and cease by the
end Of October. The heart of the
typhoon region is the waters on the
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Challenges Mr.. Brown
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
believe 1t was Wednesdays issue Of
The Star which carried statement in
Constantine Browns column to the ef-
feet that the use Of the atomic bomb
was postponed at least six weeks in
order to give Russia an opportunity to
redeploy troops to the Pacific so that
country could participate in the defeat
Of Japan.
Mr.. Brown, no doubt, has attended
all secret" meetings between Mr. Roose-
velt and Marshal Stain and therefore
is In q position to reveal the facts"
1t Is exactly such loose talk which un.
dermines confidence in our Allies.
HAROLD. P. BLACK.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Pacific Quote System

General Macarthur has acted
wisely in reversing what presumably
was subordinate's order creating
quota" system for correspondents in
Japan, Korea and the Philippines,
although it should be noted that the
order was rescinded only after 1t
had met with vigorous protests.
Under the order, the military
authorities undertook to say what
newspapers could send correspond
ents into the various areas, and how
many they could have there. In
addition it was stipulated that the
correspondents would have to be
acceptable" for the posts allotted
to them, which is another way of
saying that they might be denied
access to the news If they should
write anything displeasing to the
Army.
There is no need to dwell upon the
iniquitous character of such an
order. It was an outrageous attempt
to impose peculiarly vicious form
OF censorship, and 1t is not surprising
to learn that the order came from
General MacArthur's press officer,
Brigadier General Legrande Diller-
the same officer who recently
dropped broad hint to the cor
respondents that they could write
what he wanted them to write or
go hungry. 1t may be that General
Macarthur did not know of the
quota order until he reversed it. But
he must know by this time that he
is sadly in need Of a new public
relations officer.
Evening star., 1945-10-18

will avoid another setback at the free"
general elections which the Hungarian
government has pledged itself to hold
In the near future. It Is on the basis
of that pledge that the American and
British Governments decided to extend
diplomatic recognition to the Hunga-
rianS.
The situation in Ylgoslavia is re-
ported to be even worse. Marshal Tito,
who is more Of Russian official than
a representative Of the Yugoslav people,
accepted three members OF King Peters
of convenience.
Those who knew Tito's actual position
never believed that the three men would
be permitted to exercise any influence
in the Belgrade administration. Tito
himself was cynical about this. American
officials who were fully informed on the
preliminary conversations between Pre-
mier Subasic and the Yugoslav marshal
have reported to Washington q trivial
but significant incident. When DR.. Su-
basic indicated his willingness to enter
the Yugoslay government, Tito told him
half f-jokingly: you are a very brave
man. You know undoubtedly that you
have been put on the war criminals
list and are likely to be shot If you enter
the Yngoslav territory"
~
Tfto's sense of humor did not escape
go to Belgrade fully convinced that he
would have at least the support Of
Great Britain.
The present Yugoslay government,
which until the failure of the London
Conference included the three repre-
sentatives Of King Peter, no longer con-
forms to the Yalta agreements. Today
only Tito and his followers are in that
administration.
After the American Government es-
tablished an embassy at Belgrade, it
soon became apparent that Tito was
not acting as the head of an independ-
ent state but was taking orders from
Moscow.
1t was at Moscow's instructions that
ne agreed to the temporary solution
regarding Trieste, Carinthia and Vene-
zia Guilia, and it is strongly suspected
now that he was following the same in
structions when he. caused the three
members of the former London cabinet
to resign.
The hopes Of the State Department
here and the Foreign Once In London
that there would be at least a SEM
blance OF free elections in YugosIavia
in accordance with the Yalta agree
ments have now vanished.
These frictions appear unimportant
in the light of the greater task we have
ahead of us-the organization of last
ing peace. But they are considered by
American and British top policy trainers
as grave because they demonstrate
Russia's determination to have her own
way in all matters affecting her military
and political plans.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
More on World Unity

To the Editor Of The Star:
The editorial appearing in The Star
on "Our Atomic Secrets" is the best
opinion yet to appear from the maze
Of conflicting ideas on the subject The
idea of the United States being able to
keep" the secret is ridiculous. Our
scientists tell us SO, and they should
know
We must realize that this is lone
world" with intelligence pretty well dis
tributed among scientists If not among
politicians Other nations can and will
develop atomic power.
The initial phase of atomic war will
be the only phase. We live or die by our
preparations. Our preparations must be
in both the scientific and political field.
They must be sensibly united to unite
the world. A. A. A.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Two Views
By Dauid Laurence
From the Glasgow Herald

from the Glasgow Herald
The Education Committee in Glasgow
proposes to meet the problem of damage
to school property by school children
with an intensive program of propaganda
to them, through lectures, specially
made films and organized games. The
treasurer of Greenock, on the other
hand, thinks that only corporal punish-
ment will check .'wanton damage to
property in Greenock and other burghs,"
and that no better counsel has been
offered in 5000 years than Solomons
adage, Spare the rod and spoil the
child" Such wide difference of opinions
merely underlines the challenge of q
problem not peculiar to our own day.
but specially prominent at the moment.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Wants Nurseries Continued

Wants Nurseries Continued
To the Editor Of The Star:
1t really will be shame II The Gov
ernment nurseries are closed. Many
working girls, whose husbands are In
service, have found these nurseries q
blessing. The children are given proper
supervision by persons adequately
trained to do the job.
What will happen If these nurseries
close? Women whose husbands are In
service will be faced with the problem
Of either trying to live on $50 month,
which Is not much for rent, groceries,
etc, or else paying an outrageous price
to have some one watch their children.
Isn't It better to pay taxes for nurs-
cries than to build institutions to house
children who, unless given proper care
now, never will become the kind Of
citizens we want?
I'm not d mother-so the problem
does not affect me personally. How
ever, 1t does and will Affect each and
every citizen Of the District indirectly.
The nurseries should be continued
and for one, would be glad to con-
tribute to their support II thought 1t
would help.
FLORENCE WErDMAN.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
This Changing World
BY Constantine Brown

Legitimate diplomatic secrecy for
bids the White House and the State
Department from disclosing whether
Soviet Ambassador Andrei Gromyko
brought letter from Premier Stain
to President Truman or whether he
carried letter from the President to
the Premier on his hurried return trip
to Europe. Mr.. Gromyko returned to
Europe Tuesday night after visit to
Washington Of only "a hours.
Responsible official quarters, which
are not prepared to discuss the matter
attach. however, only limited impor-
tance to any exchange of private corre-
spondence between the White House
or the State Department and the Krem-
lin
The "stalemate" resulting from the
Foreign Ministers Conference in Lon
don has caused visible deterioration in
the relationship between the powers
which had assumed the task Of getting
the world out of its present chaos and
leading it into the path Of peace.
The differences are so deep-rooted
that mere exchange OF letters between
Premier Stain and President Truman
cannot solve them. The American Gov
ernment is formally opposed to any BIZ
lateral agreements and insists that the
five powers, which have been given
permanent places on the Council of the
United Nations Organization, shall de-
eide In common all problems dealing
with peace treaties and other interna-
tional agreements. This also is in full
accord with the resolutions adopted by
the Rio Tt1rao al potcdan,
Since the end of the London Con-
ference the situation in the Danubian
area has gone from bad to worse. The
Hungarian people, who were given only
limited freedom to elect representa-
tives in the local elections In Budapest,
defeated many Of the Communist can
didates. The Liberal party, comprised
Of small farm holders, emerged VIC
torious. The Budapest elections were
looked on by the Russians and the pup
pet Hungarian government much as
We regard the various prediction polls
In this country. The trends were not
pleasing to Moscow. Marshal voroshi-
Low then declared martial law in Buda-
pest.
According to latest reports received in
high Washington quarters. reign Of
terror has begun in Budapest and is
rapidly spreading to the rest of the
country. The authorities are said to be
making indiscriminate arrests of the
people and rushing them to concentra-
tion camps. either in Hungary or farther
east into Russia. Many of the limited
privileges of the Hungarians have been
suspended because Of the uncertain
situation"
According to some unverified reports,
Marshal Voroshilov has been taken over
the hurdles by Moscow because he
showed too much leniency in regard to
the Hungarian people. These measures
Evening star., 1945-10-18

coast Of Southeastern Asia, the
Philippines corresponding to our
West Indies.
Probably the most vivid descrip-
tion of a typhoon Is the celebrated
novelette, by the late Joseph Conrad,
depicting the ordeal of a British
tramp steamer caught in the very
heart of the storm while traversing
the South China Sea. It's title,
"Typhoon," gives the key to a grip
ping nautical tale.
Evening star., 1945-10-18
Urges Thought About Bomb

To the Editor of The Star:
May supplement. Clifford Pinchot's
letter on the control Of the atomic
bomb by the people?
Most certainly 1t should be controlled
by the people Of the United States of
America who paid for it and worked
to materialize 1t.
But the important thing is that people
as whole do not realize the immensely
Of atomic power.
Let us from now on untiringly discuss
this atomic energy among ourselves
Let us all think it out. This is the
greatest gift that humanity could re-
ceive from the Creator and 1t is UP to
us to make the best Of 1t. V.M.
Evening star., 1945-10-18

It's almost as dangerous to cross
a busy street when sober as 1t is to
drive when drunk.
Evening star., 1945-10-18

Among the joys of returning peace
should be trunks and suitcases that
really can take It,"
Evening star., 1945-10-18

forth Secretary Schwellenbach as cam
didate for "the man of the hour" only
to prove that he is not "the man Of the
hour"
Evening star., 1945-09-06

Plump, meaty reshlykled birds with tender moist
that makes fried chicken such popular avore Treat
the family big paerfu this weekend and remember, if
there left what could be better than cold fried
chicken for that evening snack?
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-23
Atomic Energy May Avert
Bankruptcy Says BabsOn

people have spent, or invested,
most " the above seventy five bill
lions when they will so on a buy
ers' strike. Then the spiral will
collapse with the customary de
cline In production, much unem-
ployment and lower prices BE
fore that time comes. however
homes. merchandise and securi-
ties will probably sell higher than
at present. Yes. almost eveythinc.
except bonds. should continue TO
so up further in price
Taxation Problems
We plan to collect In 1916 about
thirty five billions in federal taxes.
This will probably he accomplished
easily. but when the next depres-
sion comes II will he very difficult.
IL not impossible. for the Federal
Government to collect one half Of
this amount. This will be accom-
panied by another government
spending spree and a resort TO the
printing presses From such. every
one-wage workers. home owners
and especially bondholders-could
suffer terribly.
II Is an old saying. In time Of
peace prepare for war Based on
this principle. the Federal Govern
ment should Immediately reduce
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-23

night on a flight from Washington
TO New York.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1945-11-23

This hand. played by Nal. Gen.
Alfred M. Gruenther. who was
chief-of-staf Of Gen. Mark Clarks
army. furnished a nne Illustration
OF how Americans can take ad-
vantage Of any slightest slip by
the enemy.
West led the 10 Of his partners
opening diamonds. the K forcing
the A and the heart 8 coming
back to the A. West returned the
club 2, which the general won
with the dummy's A. He immedi-
ately brought forth the spade 3
to the A and East was faced with
the critical play. Having read