Evening star., 1945-05-06
Minor Nations Striving
To Assure Justice at Farley
Fairness to All, Large or Small, Held Only
Guarantee That Peace Can Be
Permanently Preserved
By Constantine Br0vn

By Consfai
"A relatively new power took part in
the deliberations of the conference and
introduced jarring note in the con-
cert Of nations. Russia was a newcomer
to the international councils. Her gifted
leader was an idealist who wanted not
so much peace with the enemy, as
complete reform of the world order.
This blessed change, however,
was to be compassed not by the peoples
or their representatives, but by the gov
ernments led by himself and delberat-
ing in secret.
"The other Allies were put out by
this mans activities but they dared not
offend him. Without his troops they
felt that they could not have been VIC
torious and they did not know how soon
they might need him again. For he
represented numerous and powerful
peoples whose economic and military
resources promised it the hegemony of
the world. So while they heartily dis
liked the chief of this new great coun-
try they also feared and therefore
humored him. Hardly any one had the
bad taste to remark that this uniformed
leader in a statesmans armchair left
unsightly flaws in his system for the
welfare of man.
Thus, while favoring equality gener-
ally, he obstinately refused to concede
1t to one race. = 1t was the Polish
people which were treated thus, and
owing to him Poland's just claims were
ignored, her indefeasible rights were
violated and the work of the peace
makers was botched. : ="
Written About Alexander.
These sentences taken from THE In
side Story of the Peace Conference, +"
written by the learned British journal
lst, DR.. j. E. Dillon, could be appropri-
ately adapted to the Yalta parley or
the San Francisco Conference but they
refer to the Vienna Congress 100 years
ago and the leader referred to is the
gifted and idealistic Gar Alexander 1,
who influenced that momentous confer
ence as much as Premier Stain today
influences the progress of the San
Francisco gathering. Alexander did it
by his personal presence in Vienna. The
Russian Premier does it by remote con-
troll from Moscow.
To-Day many personal accounts are
received from San Francisco from indiv-
uals who, like the overwhelming ma
jority of the American people. would
Ike to see that conference an over
whelming and complete success. These
accounts are in no way optimistic.
There is lot of good will among the
delegates of the United Nations who are
striving for an equitable fulhllment OF
the ideals set forth in the Atlantic
Charter and Dumbarton Oaks. But
Russia's adamant attitude makes all
progress slow. The overwhelming mum
Der of delegates representing countries
which have suffered much from this
war together with those who now have
a full comprehension of what another
world war would mean want the new
world peace organization to be some
thing concrete and effective.
Wishes Alone insufficient.
They know that mere words and pious
wishes, regardless of how they are
dressed up, will not bring lasting peace
but another combination of forces
which will inevitably lead to another
war within possibly less than a genera
ton. But they also realize that unless
the agreements they expect to be pro-
duced at San Francisco are based on
justice in the real sense of the word,
the new organization will prove even
less effective than the deceased League
of Nations.
The minor nations represented at
San Francisco have presented about 10
amendments so far. These were offered
not in a spirit of chicanery or to put
spokes in the wheels of the machine
temporarily created at Dumbarton Oaks
but in order to perfect it and make a
real peace instrument out of it.
The philosophy of the Big Three that
the world is incapable of taking care of
itself and must be policed by powerful
armed forces belonging to the strongest
military nations does not represent
permanent solution to the worlds ills,
in the opinion of the lesser states
Unless real justice is impaired to all
the nations of the world, unless there is
no tampering with the sovereignty of all
countries, big or small, there is no
force capable of maintaining a lasting
peace. The best policed country in the
prewar days was Great Britain, where
the number of major crimes in the
course of any year was smaller than in
city like Chicago, for instance, within
a period of one month.
Assured Of Justice.
Yet the famous English "bobbies"
carry no firearms or even sticks in
the performance of their duty. The
British people have been educated to
obey and respect the law and their law
enforcement officers can enforce their
authority without blackjacking the
offender into submission. Every criminal
knows he will get proper hearing and
justice before the courts. Hence. he
knows that by opposing the arm of the
law he would make his case so much
more difficult and the penalty heavier.
Thus, while such an ideal situation
cannot be expected Immediately in the
international field, there is little doubt
in the minds of most of the delegates
at San Francisco that only by respect
ing the sovereignty and the rights Of
the smaller nations will the strong
military powers be capable of keeping
order in the world and eventually bring
about situation which will permit them