davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-11-18

Payments on your home are
made easy by renting a room.
Renting a room is made easy
by advertising in The Star.
Cali National 5000. Open 8
am. to II pm.
Evening star., 1945-11-18
81 the Associated Press,


LUENEBURG, Germany, Nov. IT.
-Josef Kramer and Irma Grese, the
|monarchs of Belsen, and nine of
their staff were sentenced today to
be hanged for murders and atrocities
at the Belsen and Oswiecim concen-
tration camps.
Three women In all were ordered
to the gallows They heard the ver-
diets quietly, but later the blonde,
pistol-toting Grese, %, broke into
sobs and another woman wept
quietly.
DR.. Fritz Klein, SIS doctor, also
was among the II sentenced to death.
The high British military court
which yesterday convicted 80 Of the
Nazi torture specialists on war
crimes charges-sentenced one man
to life imprisonment, and 5 other
men and 13 women to prison terms
Of from / to is years, totaling ITO
years.
Appeals Expected.
Tonight defense counsel were pre-
pairing appeal petitions. The no
tices must be served within 48 hours.
All the death sentences are expected
to be appealed to Field Marshal Sir
Bernard Montgomery.
The court, which could have de-
creed death before firing squads, de-
cided on hanging in the traditional
manner of dealing with felons.
The courtroom was packed with
German civilians and British sol
diers witnessing the climax to the
nine-week-old trial.
The two other women sentenced
to death were Elizabeth Volken-
rath, 26-year-old former hair dresser
who was chief of SIS women, and
Juana Borman, AZ, a religious ia
natic who gave up mission work to
join the SIS.
The other men sentenced to die
were Peter Weingartner, 80, former
member Of the Yugoslav Army;
Franz Hoeszler, "a, SIS guard since
1884; Ka1. Francioh, SO, SIS guard;
wilhelm Dorr, IS guard; Ansgar
Pichen SIS guard and butcher shop
employe: Franz Starfie, 80. SIS guard.
Eric zoddel, So. German camp
functionary, received the life term.
Men Retain Composure.
Kramer, the brute-faced COM
mandant at Belsen, showed no trace
Of emotion as he learned his fate
from Maj. Gen. II. p. M. Berney
Ficklin, tribunal president.
Most Of the men retained their
Ecomposure, but Otto Kulessa, 4
boxer who became q functionary
among the prisoners. turned pale
and collapsed on being sentenced to
Is years.
After sentences were passed, the
Evening star., 1945-11-18
cess Of civilians. "this i my mis-

cess Of civilians. "this Is my mis-
take"
Maj. Harlow T. Curran, Waseca,
Mimi, transportation ofdcer aboard
the ship, said civilians would help
soldiers with kitchen duties.
An American consular attache said
1t. Gen. George E. Stratemeyer,
while acting as theater commander,
twice checked the civilian list, which
included Chinese, French, Portu-
guese, British, Poles, Dutch and even
persons claiming no country.
Three marines and two sailors
who had served in Shanghai and
been captured in the Philippines
took Russian wives with them as
they sailed for home. They had
married here before the war.
Evening star., 1945-11-18
3 Women Among II Sentenced
TO Hang for Camp Atrocities

men were herded out OF the room
by military police and the women
were brought in.
Irma Grese, queen" Of the Bel
sen gang, looked straight at the
bench. Elizabeth Volkenrath studied
the ceiling. Juana Borman stared
at the floor. @
Once outside the room Grese
who had staggered at the camp
with a pistol strapped to her waist
and whip in her hand, broke into
violent sobs.
The ashen-faced Volkenrath wept
quietly and the wizened Borman,
who had found sport in setting her
wolfhound ut the throats of the
camp prisoners, walked as If in a
dream.
The only outburst during the SEN
fencing came from Helena Hopper.
35-year-old mother Of two sons who
had worked as q camp spy, SEN
fenced to is years imprisonment.
why don't you let me hang?" she
Shouted in Polish.
Then she threw herself on the
Evening star., 1945-11-18
Coffee Subsidy Program
Is Proposed by CoIIet
By the Associated Press.

John G. Collet, sterilization ad-
n1inistrator, disclosed yesterday that
the United States proposed a coffee
subsidy program of 3 cents a pound
to be paid to importers on a maxi
mum Of 5000, 900 bags of green cof-
fee to be shipped from foreign ports
between November 10, 1945, and
March 81, 1916.
Mr.. Collet said importers may
participate In the subsidy program
in proportion to their import allo-
cations under War Food Order 63
which imposes import limitations
based upon the importers opera
tions during 1941.
Effective November 10, buying
price ceilings on green coffee pur-
chased by importers in foreign
countries will be increased by 8 cents
q pound, but the higher ceiling will
apply only to coffee eligible for the
subsidy.
No increase will be made in either
green coffee or roasted coffee cell
iIlgs in this country.
Evening star., 1945-11-18

Council Of Washington, will preside.
Miss Mabel Cook. executive director
Of the YWCA, who was the first to
organize the USO volunteer train
ing program in Washington, will
speak.
Miss Helen Mccartney, soprano of
New York and Portland, Greg, who
has completed a six-weeks speaking
and singing tour for the National
War Fund on behalf of USO Camp
Shows and who was with the first
concert unit sent by USO to the
Mediterranean theater, also will ap-
pear on the program Invitations
have been sent to 5000 USO volun-
teers from IA clubs in this area.
Evening star., 1945-11-18
Truman Urges Nation
10 Support Sale Of
tuberculosis Seals
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
President Truman said yesterday
the American people cannot be COM
placent about tuberculosis, "a dis
ease which exacts such q heavy toll
Of lives."
The National tuberculosis Asso-
citation made public the Presidents
statement, urging the purchase Of
Christmas Seals, proceeds Of which
are used to battle the disease.
The text of Mr.. Truman's state
rnent:
1.-THE historic trend Of an increase
In tuberculosis after war scan be
reversed today if the American
people cooperate with the medical
profession and official and private
health agencies in the Nation-wide
campaign against this disease. &
Cites Heavy Death Toll =
due to improved methods Of
case-flnding and more widespread
knowledge about the disease, tuber-
culosis did not increase in this
country during the war, though it
rose to alarming proportions in
Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, 1t
is deplorable that tuberculosis took
more than 205, eco American lives
during the war years.
"The American people cannot be
complacent about a disease which
eXactS such a tragic and needless
toll OF lives. Today, in particular,
1t is inexcusable to permit disease
to undermine the strength of our
people when alt their energy Is
needed in the building of a better
world.
tuberculosis can be controlled
and the fight against it must be con-
tinued until 1t is controlled. The
National tuberculosis Association
and its affiliated associations in the
48 States, the District OF Columbia
and the territories are campaigning
ceaselessly against tuberculosis.
Every One Can Join.
Through mass X-ray surveys to
find unknown cases, through health
education planned to reach all
groups with information on the pre-
vention of tuberculosis, through the
rehabilitation of the tuberculosis
sufferers and through medical re-
search, the associations are COM
batting this dread disease and help
ing its victims.
Every one can join the fight
against tuberculosis by buying and
using Christmas seals"
Evening star., 1945-11-18
Citizens Pay Tribute
To Representative Mott

Ey the Associated Press.
SALEM, Greg, Nov. 17.-Repre-
sentative James w. Mott, Republic
can, OF Oregon, who died Monday
on his 61st birthday, received his
fellow citizens final tribute today in
his native city.
Hundreds filed past the flag
draped, fiower-banked casket Of the
States congressional dean, who was
serving his seventh term. A naval
guard stood at attention by the
bier.
Evening star., 1945-11-18

floor. -Four military police carried
her. twisting and squirming In their
grasp, from the court.
Sentenced to Is years. impriscn-
Ement were Hopper, Herta Ehlert,
a, So guard: Heinrich Schrier, az
Vladislaw Ostrowski, 80.
Sentenced to 10 years were Hide
Lobauer, ~, Use Forster, %; Herta
Bottle. IS; Irene Harschke, a.;
Gertrude 6auer, 80; Johanna Roth.
80; Anna Hempel, As; Stanislawa
Staroska, %; Antoni Surdsiej, a.
Gertrude Fiest, ~, and Midisiaw
Rurgraf. rs, were sentenced to five
years, Frieda Walter, "a, to three
years and Hide Lisiewicz, %, to one
year.
Evening star., 1945-11-18
Civilians on Transport
Stir China GIs' Ire
By the Associated Press.

b the Associated Press.
SHANGHAI, Nov. 17.-Another
troop-carrying transport left for San
Francisco this morning-with SOL
diers left behind outspokenly critical
of the fact she also carried small
quota OF civilians.
"Ihe boys are really sore" said
Sergt. Reno E. CALI OF Philadelphia,
as he checked the 1 $50 passengers
including lit civilians aboard the
New Orleans freigf1ter Adabelle
Lykes.
1t. Gen. Albert G.. Wedemeyer,
commander of American forces in
China, said military transports are
required to load civilian quotas,
because no other repatriation ships
are coming to Shanghai. No quota
figures have been received from
Washington. he added, and If the
Adabelle Lykes is carrying any ex-
Evening star., 1945-11-18

speak on "USO
Present and Fu-
ture'' at a USO
Volunteer Rally
at 8 pm. tomor-
row in the Hall
of Flags, United
States Chamber
of Com m ere e
Building.
This will be
Dr.. K i'm b a ! Is
hrst public ap-
p e a r ance in
Was h | n 6 t o n.
Sidney F. Talia-
ferre, Chairman
Evening star., 1945-11-18
DR.. Kimba||, Us0 President.
To Speak al Rally Here

DR.. Lindsey F. Kimball, who sue
ceeded Chester I. Barnard early
this year as president of the
United Service Organizations, will
Evening star., 1945-11-18

Figure out the amount you want
to save each month and put 1t into
Victory Loan Bonds. They increase
in value after the first year and
mature at one third better than the
initial purchase price.
Evening star., 1945-11-11

cox oICCk Outui Cnhs
A similar situation is reported in
Greece, where starvation is widespread.
The Greeks are more divided ideolog-
ically than other Balkan peoples and
civil warts expected to break out in the
near future. But it is hunger and in
flatio1 more than theological conflicts
which are going to produce trouble in
Greece.
theological and racial conflicts have
started in China, Java, Palestine and
Egypt. Whether they will be localized
or will spread under the impulse Of the
selfish interests Of some Of the greater
powers remains to be seen. For the time
being, however, it looks as II we are
facing q steady civil war throughout
the largest part of Asia and North
Africa.
This is only an Incomplete and scant
picture of tn world within less than
lsee Discomfort, Page C-l2.5
Evening star., 1945-11-11
: The Sterling Bloc

The present sterling area is a war
time DEVELOPMENT of the prewar "ster-
ling bloc" This sterling bloc began
to form In 1881. when Britain abandoned
the gold standard and devalued her
currepcy. Certain other Nations which
followed (and some which had preceded)
Britain in her abandonment OF gold
then fixed the external values Of their
currencies In terms Of sterling. These
were countries which kept an important
part Of their central bank reserves In
the form Of sterling rather than gold
OF foreign exchange Of other kinds. This
group Of Nations, including Britain, be-
came known as the sterling bloc or
sterling area.
The preWar sterling area had both
British and non-B British members. with
the exception Of Canada and New
foundland, the entire British Common
wealth was included. Australia and New
Zealand had abandoned the gold stand
ard before Britain, and pegged their
currencies to sterling Cat rates below
the old parties) before sterling broke its
Nnk with Sold.
Evening star., 1945-11-11

So :. I learned that, yes, he flddles
around the kitchen and gets in the way
and makes the finest pancakes you ever
Topped lip over" and his four daugh-
ters think they taste like crepes suzette.
and he wakes up at all hours of the
night plagued by reconversion worries,
and reads pulp mystery stories to get
back to sleep, and he was born in Pales-
tine, Tex, but calls Chicago his home,
and he wants to retire to some California
seaside where he can fish and drown
nosy guys.
He attended Kemper Military Acad-
emy, Boonville, Mo, as a boy; graduated
from Annapolis in 1915, served on de-
stroyers during the old war, holds a
master of science degree from Columbia.
served under Admiral King as engineer
officer Of Atlantic submarines and later
held the same job with the Pacific Fleet.
He was an ensign on gunboat off
Veracruz during the Mexican revolu-
ton, taking American refugees aboard.
They ran out of food and for 80 days.
from dawn to dusk, the skipper sent him
out to catch sea bass for provender :.
30 Founders. To this day he can't eat
any fish much bigger than a smelt.
Evening star., 1945-11-11
By George Bria

ROME.-A political movement called
81 Uomo Qualunque"-the common man
which openly welcomes former Fascists
to join it in struggle against "leftist
totalitarianism' is gathering strength in
Italy, with its supporters already claim
ing at least 100000 adherents.
Founder of the movement, which has
set up local centers in all parts of Italy,
is tall, powerfully built playwright,
Guglielmo Giannini, 54. who declares the
group seeks support mainly from 'tthe
working middle classes-large and small
manufacturers, merchants, professional
men, artisans, clerks"
"Any one can join our movement,
except men with criminal records" said
Giannini in an interview at his Rome
headquarters. "Fascists? We were all
Fascists in Italy at one time or another.
Purged men, or those who are on purge
lists are welcomed in our organization" !"
He added: Nobody in the world knows
what totalitarianism is better than Ital-
ians who had it for IS years. That is
what we want to avoid now
Strength of the movement is perhaps
best illustrated by the bitter opposition
it has drawn from Italian leftists. At
recent Communist and Socialist mass
meetings speakers attacked 'L'Uomo
Qualunque" even more than the mon
archy Giannini says threats on his
life are made every day.
LUomo Qualunque'' publishes a
weekly newspaper bearing the same
name. On its masthead is large car
toon Of a common man" being squeezed
in q wise. Giannini described 1t as the
largest newspaper in italy, with q CIR
culation of 100000. He said the news
print is purchased largely on the black
market. There are frequent reports Of
the paper being seized on newsstands
and burned.
Giannini founded the newspaper late
in 1914 and in three editorials early this
year appeared to the Liberal (conserya-
tive1 party to embrace his political pro-
gram. When he received cold shoul-
der from the Liberals, who are repre-
sented In Ferruccio Parri's coalition
government. Giannini decided to create
. party Of my own, = and announced his
intention h IN editorial last August.
Evening star., 1945-11-11

heard, or even read, Bevins remark
able utterance without the conviction
that he had raised the whole problem of
the European tragedy to new level of
understanding. He admitted all the
hatreds and fears that are the legacy
of this tremendous conflict. He said
frankly that it would be foolish to deny
that Nazi Germany had given good
reason for their existence. He did not
try to deny that countries which have
been twice oyerrtin and ravaged in a
generation could not be expected to
embrace their torturers or to refrain
from making security the pivot of their
policy.
But the insistent note of this great
speech, voiced always with discretion,
but never for one moment absent, was
the principle that security means that
the three great powers have common
principles of action as the starting
point of reconstruction. Bevin told us
all that without this theme there is no
hope; that with this we have a real
chance not only of repairing the de-
struction, but of building a better
world. He was appealing beyond the
walls of the House of Commons to
Washington and Moscow to transcend
the differences and mistakes of the
London Conference and get down to the
task of preventing the supreme tragedy
of modern times.
Indicating Method.
Bevin, I am sure, would be the first to
agree that he was indicating a method
rather than eXno]lnding nropram But
Evening star., 1945-11-11

I am sure it was the right method.
Until we get Europe back to work, life
in central and eastern areas will be
hell on earth. We cannot get these
peoples back to earth until we have
banished fear from their lives.
The economic issue is the key to the
whole problem. That is what makes it
so urgent to get the political differences
out of the way. We and the Americans
alike must convince the Russians that
we have no thought or sentiment which
jeopardizes their security. If we make
the Russians recognize this. we shall
lift an immense burden from the minds
of other powers.
The urgency, suggest, calls for bold
expedients swiftly attempted. It means
a change in British policy in Greece.
1t means a revision of Anglo-American
relations with Franco Spain. It means
the admission that the old Imperialism,
whether British or French, whether
American or Dutch, provides no basis
upon which to settle the problems of
Indonesia or of Africa.
Political agreement is only possible
when the great powers have done with
methods that hint always at policy of
blood and iron as the means they are
ready to employ. Perhaps more than
anything else. Bevin, thought, showed
that he realized in a supreme way
where we must start from if we are to
reach our goal in time. hope we will
get an answer from Moscow and WASH
ington as wise and generous as the
understanding he showed
Copyright, ls45. Overseas News Agency, Inc.
Evening star., 1945-11-11
ITALIAN LEFTISTS FOUGHT

He defined his political program as
support for what he called an "admin-
istratiye state" which will protect pri-
vate property, guarantee safety of life,
impose no ideologieS and abstain from
world politics" He added that "Italy
win be incapable of engaging in inter-
national politics for at least 80 years."
While denying reports that the
movement was subsidized by the mon
archy, which is fighting for survival,
Giannini indirectly admitted that
81 'Uno Qualunque" supported the crown
declaring, II believe that any republic
formed in Italy today would become a
Communist republic and that would be
totalitarianism again."
Giannini said the movement was
financed from sales of the newspaper
and from contributions from all parts
of the country" Contributions have
been made by industrialists, he said, and
also by anonymous sources. He said a
500000-lire contribution recently had
been received anonymously from Turin.
"LUno Qualunque" now has local
nuclei" larger 'groups," still larger
department" and finally provincial
and regional headquarters, Giannini de-
clared. He emphatically denied that
the movement was armed, asserting
"our weapons are our ballots-we are
SO powerful now. that we can win any
free election" He said the movement
would hold its first national congress
In Rome this month or December.
Born in Naples, Giannini is the son
of Neapolitan journalist and m Eng
hshwoman, Mary jackson, daughter OF
John William Jackson. 18th century
writer. Following the last war he
worked briefly on newspapers, but spent
most of the Fascist generation writing
plays, mainly detective thrillers. Ac-
cording to the newspaper, he was 4
Fascist party member from 1941 to
July IS, 1913, when Mussolini was over
thrown.
In 1912, Giannini's 22-year-old son
was killed in plane crash. Ny politi-
cal movement was born with his death, z
Giannini said: sThe was was caused by
100 international imbeciles. No people
ever wants war-it Is caused BY their
leaders. That is what We want to avoid. Z
Uistrihatsd - the AssoeiAtsd rrsss.,
Evening star., 1945-11-11

He is naval flyer and was squadron
commander Of the old vO-6 observation
planes, first to be attached to Atlantic
Fleet battleships. His eldest daughter,
also named Gwendolyn, is a licensed
civilian pilot and was a WAVE ensign
in this war.
What" Mrs. Small asked me, "did he
tell you about the children?"
well"
II thought so," said she. "He is in
clined to exaggerate about them"
Landed on Beach on d Day.
The captain was with the first Allied
troops to land on the Normandy beach,
heads on D day, the only senior officer
among them. He was two days under
fire without weapons, his job being to
coordinate landing craft operations.
Before that he had been deputy
director of the Army Navy Munitions
Board. In 1914 they pulled him into
WPB to head the Committee on Draft
ing Controls After Victory in Europe"
He was well on the way with plans for
reconversion after both We and VI
days, when War Mobilizer Byrnes,
fearing overconfidence, called halt.
Now Small is back at it again. To in
dustry he's going to be just about the
biggest thing in Government for awhile.
What he does about basic supplies
is going to determine how good your
new car will be, whether you can have
two-pants suits and whether your wife
can have balloon sleeves. Mainly, he'll
bear down on such things as steel, tin,
rubber. chemicals and textiles.
He says he guesses he is hard
boiled" enough to put it over con-
sidering what happened to him when
he was captain of the gym team at
Annapolis. That really embarrassed
him.
He was showing gang of plebes how
to do giant swing" on the horizontal
bars. That's where you hang on with
your hands and whirl full length like
a windmill
His hands slipped and he shot UP as
straight as a rocket, landing 40 feet
away on his head. The plebes thought
surely he was dead, but he bounced
in 10-foot arc and came right side
up, saying:
See what I mean?"
Distributd By the Associated Press)
Evening star., 1945-11-11
Seeks THO Bits Worth for All
Civilian Metals and Materials Fa
Throughout Industry for Swift Orderly Transition
Frankly dLv

Capt. John D. Small Omitted States
Naval Reserve) chief Of the new Civilian
Production Administration, has one of
the most trying tasks in Washington.
He has until the first of the year, maybe
a little later, to liquidate the old War
Production Board and funnel basic
metals and materials evenly into the
peacetime industry.
His formal definition of his job is this:
"The functions transferred to the new
Office (CPA) will be utilized to further
a swift, orderly transition from wartime
production to a maximum peacetime
production in industry free from war
time Government controls, with due
regard for stability of prices and costs"
Informally he calls it: Seeing that
everybody gets his two bits worth"
He sees the job as one of parceling
out scarce items so as to avoid runaway
markets for some and no business at
all for others.
Sees Real Prosperity Possible.
Fright now," says he, I'VE have all
the elements of sensible and reasonable
prosperity for years to come ." If we
can keep up all-around production. We
can have enough essential goods and
employment for all"
Small has some 40 old WPB controls
left Of an original TOO He says he
wants to hurry back to free enterprise"
but "safe enterprise"
You might wonder at Navy man
holding so many economic marbles :.
but Small had been in private business
and clever at 1t, too-for Is years before
Pearl Harbor.
He was executive vice president of
the Dry Ice Corp. of America from 1926
to 1882 and Western manager (Chicago)
of Publicker. Inc, Philadelphia distillers,
until called to duty with the Navy. He
is going back when CPA folds up.
Jack" as friends call him, has that
substantial citizen" look. He is So,
5 feet and weighs 1875 pounds. He
wears solid blue suits Navy infiuence),
but his wife, Gwendolyn, brightens him
up with fancy necktie now and then.
He has full, black hair, a calm and
competent face. But he has de-
veloped a nervous habit of soaring from
his chair to hold down his dander by
looking out the window. He says what
gets him is dude too dumb to recog-
nize a reality in the raw.
Evening star., 1945-11-11
Indicating a Method.

Bevin, am sure, would be the first to
agree that he was indicating method
rather than expounding a program But
The Wilmington morning star., 1945-04-12

BUY WAR BONDS AND SFAlGPU