davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-05-01

SAN FRANCISCO, May 1.-More and
more the belief grows here that the Rus
slams are sincere in their expressed ce-
sire to see the charter Of new world Or
ganization for peace successfully written.
And with the increase of this belief
much Of the fear which hung over the
opening of the conference is vanishing.
1t is to the self-interest Of Russia
that the conference should succeed.
In the first place the Russians want
peace. They realize as well as any
other nation that if the world remains
an armed camp, with no organization
for the peaceful settlement of inter-
national disputes, new war may crop out
at any time.
None of the United Nations has suf-
fered more heavily than Russia While
no actual count has been made, it is
estimated that perhaps 10000, 900 men,
women and children have been de-
stroyed. Great stretches of their coun-
try have been laid waste by the Nads
and their former satellites. There is a
huge rebuilding of cities and towns to
be accomplished They want trade and
plenty Of it. They want credits and
plenty Of them, and they want plenty of
LldCIllIlcIy anu IlldCIllIe tOOlS.
The Russians have proved to the
world their military might-and they
have been recognized as great military
power. They want place of power and
dignity in the community Of nations
And they want that recognition. They
are rough traders, and this is due in
part to desire to compel this recog-
milton.
During this conference, however, the
Russians have shown a willingness to
give and take. They have been forced
to compromise certain issues. They
have won others and they have lost
and still they go right ahead with the
work Of the conference. Fortunately
the United States, Britain and others
of the nations gathered here have stood
up to the Russian demands. Where
they believed them unreasonable, they
have turned them down. All Of this
has helped to clear the atmosphere
There will be other disagreements-
it has been shown that disagreements
can be settled. This, more than any
thing else, has helped to do away with
the fear which, as said earlier, hung
over the conference at its start.
Evening star., 1945-05-01

The surrender of Germany may take
the props from under Japans deter
mination to continue the war. For the
first time in recent months responsible
officials in Washington feel that we
might enter Tokyo without firing shot.
According to reports circulated here
last week end, the new Japanese gov
ernment Of Premier Admiral Suzuki has
sent out new feelers about the possibil-
ity Of a surrender which would be un-
conditional on the surface, but would
have the same safeguards for the con-
ttnuation OF Japan as an economic and
political entity as granted to the King
Of Italy in 1943.
The most important man in the Japa-
nese government today is Foreign Min
lister Shigenori Togo, who spent several
years as Japan's Ambassador to Rus
sia. Togo is realist who does not
belong to the Tokyo military clique.
Like Premier Suzuki, he Is closely con-
nected with the great japanese indus
trial leaders and is said to feel that
the continuation of the war has now
become senselesS.
He realizes that the Japanese military
forces for several months could con-
tinue a defensive war which would
cause heavy American casualties. But
from the practical point of view he is
said to see no advantage in his coun-
try continuing to bleed to death and
have its industries and cities as thor
oughly destroyed as those of the Reich.
Like all Japanese, he is profoundly
devoted to the dynasty and is aware,
from his experiences and his contacts
in Moscow, that as soon as Russia en-
ters the war not only will Japan become
a wasteland, but also the monarchic
system will be replaced by a commu-
nistic government which is totally alien
to japanese life.
Togo, who has watched Russia at
close quarters, knows that she must
enter the war. The Soviet Republic
has too much at stake in Asia to wish
to be left outside when the final Asiatic
settlement is being made
Togo is said to be equally convinced
that Premier Stain will demand terri
torial concessions, and also a drastic
change in the form of the Japanese
political system on the grounds that
the U. S. s. r. must have a friendly
government" on her Siberian borders.
So long as the Germans continued to
fight and the Red armies were engaged
in heavy struggle in Europe there
was little chance that the Russians
would attack Japan. But now that
German resistance has collapsed, Rus
sian troops will soon be available to
reinforce the Siberian forces.
Evening star., 1945-05-01

that may come to hand in the course
of the liquidation of this war.
It should not be supposed that because
events in Europe have moved more
rapidly than had been anticipated, any
one here is inclined to say lets forget
San Francisco for awhile, let's accept
to our capitals where our vital national
the contrary.
The fact is that the military progress
in Europe has been more rapid than
was expected. When the conference
date was fixed there was every expecta-
ton that the term of German resistance
on major scale would run we'll through
the spring. and that major German
resistance in the so-called national re-
doubt might last until fall. There was
then very little idea of German surren-
der. Consequently, it was felt that there
was time for the delegates here, includ-
ing most of the foreign ministers of the
United Nations and many other key po-
litical and military figures, to complete
their work and get back to their posts
before the vital problems centering
around the question what to do with
Germany" should arise in urgent FORM
x**x
Now 1t seems that these problems may
be just around the corner, may have to
be faced in matter of days instead
of a matter of weeks or months. Yet
every one here understands very clearly
that these problems cannot be dealt
with surely and hopefully save against
background of established internation-
al cooperation and confidence.
Thus it seems likely that the major
issues will be brought forward at once,
faced, and dealt with, leaving details to
be settled by those whose presence else
where is not urgently demanded. There
is possibility that some sort of tempo
rary security council will be set up to
act as--so to speak-a political clearing
house until the full structure of the in
ternational organization has been COM
pleted. But the work of San Francisco
will be done.
The delegates at San Francisco have q
contract with posterity; that contract
will be fulfilled.
tcopyrisht. 1e46.)
Evening star., 1945-05-01
Contract With POsterity
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

SAN FRANCISCO, May This con-
ference is working against time. There
is an air of urgency evident everywhere
in the halls of the Veterans Build
ing, where the Executive and Steering
Committees hold their meetings; in the
lobbies of the hotels where the dele
gates are quartered; in every conversa-
ton, at every luncheon table where the
issues before this conference are dis
cussed, there is the same underlying
theme-get this job done; get it done
right, but get it done quickly.
The reason for this urgency Is plain
enough. Hitler's Third Reich is dying
1t may still be able, like a savage beast
wounded unto death, to do little more
hurt to some Of it's enemies. But the
terror which haunted the world for so
many years is gone, the military task
of defeating Germany is virtually done,
and in consequence the political task
of conserving the fruits of victory be-
comes more important with every day
that passes.
The immediate job to be done is to
provide for the occupation and control
zones of occupation of the four powers
pd1 tlClpdt1IlS tAAC OSNuP0sAOA4 \xAAAACAA -
ca, Britain, France and Russia, to
clean up such German pockets OF re-
sistance as may remain defiant (and
these may be considerable. especially
in Norway and the Austrian Alps) and
to begin the immense work Of restoring
order and providing relief where neces-
sary throughout the war-torn continent
of Europe.
+
These tasks cannot wait if, as seems
likely, large part of Germany, per-
haps all of it, becomes within the next
few days simply a zone of Allied occu-
patton, the great work of rebuilding
Europe politically and economically
must be undertaken without delay. 1t
is hardly necessary to point out that
this work cannot be done at San Fran
cisco, yet it must be participated in by
many of the men who are now in San
Francisco. Hence the feeling here that
we must get on rapidly with the job Of
building q solid international frame
work, which shall support and guaran-
tee the detailed accomplishments Of the
European settlements and Of all others
Evening star., 1945-05-01
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0wu

me DfOtOn
Togo and the majority Of the Japa-
nese government are believed to have
advised the Emperor that the very ex-
istence of Japan is in jeopardy and
that there are only two ways to deal
with the situation-a wholesale national
suicide by fighting the Allies in Japan
and on the Asiatic continent, or sur
render to the American, British and
Chungking governments before Moscow
has declared war and can claim an
active participation in the armistice and
the post-surrender settlement.
The Germans, with an excellent net
work of communications and far bet
ter war industry. have not been able
to stand the brunt. The chances OF
the japanese doing any better are much
simmer. The Japanese cabinet Is said
to have come to the conclusion that If
a suicide war has to be fought, the
Japanese armies in Kwantung and
Manchuria will have to attack the Rus
slams at the earliest possible moment,
before the reinforcements from Europe
have arrived in Siberia. This would
further weaken the chances of Japan
resisting the American and British
forces, which are expected to undertake
much greater operations within the
next two months.
The military situation is said to have
led Togo to conclude that however
harsh the terms exacted by the Allies
for an unconditional surrender, they
Will be an improvement over the price
Japan will have to pay after Russia
has entered the war. Not only will most
Of Japan then be destroyed by the
American air and naval armadas and
compelled to accept the heaviest con-
ceivable peace terms, but the handful
Of Japanese trained in Moscow and in
Yenan to form the new administration
OF the country would replace the dy-
nasty and introduce form Of govern
ment the japanese industrialists and
political men certainly would not want.
Under these conditions no one in
Washington or London would be sur
prised if the present japanese govern
ment accepted the American British
surrender terms in the hope that some
thing of the economic and political
structure Of the country might thus
be saved.
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek, who
recently has been as worried about his
Communist rivals in Yenan as the
japanese enemies in front of Running,
is said not to be opposed to such a
surrender provided China is completely
evacuated and all those guilty of war
crimes are handed over to the Allies.
Evening star., 1945-05-01
A Limit to PIunnina
From the GLASGOW Herald.

There is a limit to what can be
achieved by planning. There are also
limits to what can be achieved by di-
rection from the top. Government will
be incapable of adjusting the economic
balance by its own efforts The enter
prise and energy which are clearly re-
quired must come from other sources:
in short, from industry and from the
community. The more vigorously they
are applied the sooner the board of
trades administrative organizations in
the various regions will be reduced to
a care and maintenance basis, and the
less will be the need for regulation.
Evening star., 1945-05-01
May Day Baskets Remembered

To the Editor Of The Star:
Comes the first of May, with its
memories of May baskets.
Who remembers them?
When the writer was little girl with
pigtails, every youngster in the neigh
borhood was all agog with excitement
as May Day approached. Little baskets
mysteriously made their appearance
Some of them were bought-in-the-sto
baskets, but most of them were the prod
ucts of our own ingenuity. They were
made of pasteboard boxes or cut out of
stiff paper, and if we could wangle some
of the paper lace that came in candy
boxes or piece of pink or blue ribbon
from big sisters camisole supply, so
much the better would our baskets be.
Very decorative they were to our young
and not too critical minds.
Then came the question of whose door
knob should be decorated. OF course,
there was one for mother, and likewise
one for teacher, and for the neighbor
lady we loved best.
Not very artistically, perhaps, but with
loving hands we filled them up with
flowers from our domestic supply-crab-
apple blossoms, than which there is
nothing in the world of flowers that
breathes more fragrantly of spring;
ribbon grass, bleeding hearts and COL
umbine from mothers flower beds and
a pansy face or two peeping over the
edge of the basket.
But nowadays, 1t seems, one of our
childhood's sweetest experiences has
vanished
Is modern childhood becoming too
sophisticated? I wouldn't know
But do wish they would revive that
heart-warming May bakset custom.
LOUISE E. SPERRY.
Evening star., 1945-05-01
Dubious Testimony

In a letter to the editor of The
Star, published elsewhere on this
page, Undersecretary of War Patter-
son takes exception to a statement
in recent editorial in The Star that
soldier charged with assault with
intent to rape had been convicted by
court-martial on the basis of "du-
bious testimony"
The soldier. Fausto Agredano, was
represented at the court-martial by
Sidney Shapiro, formerly an Army
lieutenant. Because Shapiro sub
stituted another soldier for Agredano
at the trial to test the correctness of
the identification of the defendant
he, too, was court-martialed and dis
missed from the service. Shapiro
was not given a fair trial. For more
than a year he tried without success
to persuade the War Department to
correct the injustice done him. All
Of the facts were available to the
proper officials, but they refused to
do anything for Shapiro until the
miscarriage of justice in his case was
brought to public attention by The
Star. Then, as a result of the per-
sonal Intervention of Undersecretary
Patterson, Shapiro was pardoned by
the President.
These facts have no direct bearing
on the Agredano case, and they are
not related here to embarrass the
War Department. But in the light of
the admittedly improper treatment
which Shapiro received at the hands
OF the responsible officers at his Ne
braska post, it is at least conceivable
that these same officers were some
thing less than Jealous in assuring
Agredano a fair and impartial hear
ing.
AS Mr.. Patterson points out, the
complaining witness at first identi-
fled Agredano as being the man who
attempted to assault her. Later, in
open court, she identified another
man as being her assailant. On the
third occasion, when Agredano was
being tried again, she went back to
her original identification. In The
Stars opinion, this is dubious testi-
mony
Mr.. Patterson cites the additional
point OF the alleged teeth marks on
Agredano's thumb. and there is no
disposition to challenge the correct
ness of his statements. But Mr..
Patterson leaves some matters un-
settled. Before publication of the
former editorial The Star sought
permission to examine the record of
the Agredano case, but this was re-
fused under War Department regu-
latlonS. In view of this there may
be some doubt as to the alleged teeth
marks. According to Shapiro, there
was only a scar on the thumb at the
time OF the trial. Who testified that
there were teeth marks, and how was
this established? Mr.. Patterson says
that Agredano had no credible ex-
planation" of his bleeding thumb.
But the secret Army record of the
court-martial must contain some
explanation, and it would be inter-
esting, at least, to know what it is.
In the circumstances, however, it
is futile and pointless to attempt a
newspaper trial" of the Agredano
case. Without access to the record
no outsider can form a settled opin-
lon as to his guilt or innocence. The
Star is glad to publish Mr.. Patter-
sons letter, although still entertain
Ing doubt as to the sufficiency of the
evidence upon which Agredano was
convicted.
Evening star., 1945-05-01
Speaks Up for Esperanto

To the Editor of The Star:
Mr.. Molotov spoke to the San Fran
cisco Conference in Russian. Then q
translator gave it in English. Then q
translator gave it in French. Even thus,
there were many delegates who could
not understand.
More and more we are becoming one
world. More and more we need one
language.
We cannot change our mother tongue
we can have one auxiliary language
the easily learned Esperanto.
DELCEVARE KING,
Evening star., 1945-05-01
Wants Prisoners Sent Home

To the Editor of The Star:
1t is possible but not probable for the
Allies to use each internment camp in
conquered enemy territory, at present
meaning Germany, as POW camp for
Nazis now safely cared for in the
United States. AS each camp in Ger
many is taken over, it should be left
"as is" and as many Nazis as possible
should be shipped from here to it and
made to exist there under the exact con-
ditions forced upon the former internees.
Soft peace for Germany-bah!
!, II. N.
Evening star., 1945-12-16
Washineton and Baltimore
artists Shovn at Phillips

The Phillips Memorial Gallery's
Christmas exhibition comprises
nearly 100 oil paintings, water col
ors, drawings and prints by artists
of washington, Baltimore and VIC
Evening star., 1945-12-16
IA Combat Veteran States His Case
For Setting Up d New Organization

He contends that veterans want
peace, jobs and freedom. These
objectives, he points out, are not
the goal OF the veterans alone. So
the new veterans organization, he
believes, must be q new kind Of
pressure group-a pressure group
for the common welfare. For the
welfare of veterans is inextricably
bound up with the welfare of Amer
lea, and If the new veterans or
ganization loses sight Of this fact
. it will have failed to fulfill
its hopeful promise, which Is the
whole promise OF a new generation
thrown into war"
Aside from veterans organizations
Mr.. Bolte has much to say about
the attitude of the people at home
including Congress-toward the re-
turning warriors. He warns that
regarding all veterans as a problem"
or believing that all they need is
some of mothers home cooking"
are both generalizations that are
likely to prove dangerous in the
months ahead. He believes that the
veteran is neither a problem nor
a hero but an individual who has
earned the support of his nation
and his community and has in him
| the qualities and the desire to re-
ward that support with good citizen
ship.
Evening star., 1945-12-16
Watkins Memorial

AS a memorial to the late c. Law
Watkins, director of the Phillips
Gallery Art School and chairman of
the art department of American
University, "a paintings by artists
who were his friends and associates,
were presented to the university last
Sunday at the University Center,
1901 F street NV. The collection
will remain on exhibit through De-
cember %.
Known as the C. Law Watkins
Memorial Collection, these paintings
form the nucleus of , a permanent
collection to be gradually assembled
through gifts and purchases made
from a special fund for the purpose
which has been established through
the generosity of an anonymous
donor
While applauding the fine spirit
which inaugurated this memorial,
and granting the desirability of
having a permanent collection at
American University (and, indeed, at
every educational institution in the
United States, the reviewer regrets
that some of the works are not of
museum quality. Ungrateful though
lit may be to examine and appraise
gifts, one cannot dodge the respon-
sibility, in view of the implications
of the words permanent collection.
They imply preservation in perpetu-
ity. Since large numbers of ad-
mirable paintings are being produced
today, many more, in fact, than will
be cherished and preserved, one can.
not help but wish that all works
which are so honored will be worthy
Clouds and Mountains" a watel
color by G. Law Watkins, presented
by his widow, is fresh anc cool, sug'
gests transparent air and sunshine
It is one of the best works IN th'
: collection. Paul Arlt's broadly han
} died Mexican scene, "Amecameca,
is strongly simplified, without sur
rendering reality.
Margaret Gates, who consistent,
gives a good account of herself, i
represented with an admirable oi
painting, May Day." procession
of little girls going to their frs
communion. It received the Societ,
of Washington Artists Medal TO
figure composition last season. Mar
jorie Phillips landscape, with dis
Evening star., 1945-12-16
|Arnhem Lift
By Louis Hagen. fFarrar 4

By Louis Hagen. (Farrdr g.
RinehdrtJ
The author of this little book Is
a 29-year-old German. When he
was II he did five months in con-
centration camp for uttering senti-
ments uncomplimentary to Naziism.
On his release his parents sent him
to England, where he remained.
When the war broke out, he became
glider pilot and took part in the
invasion of Holland. With large
group of air-borne troops he para
chuted to a rendezvous from which
the British expected to carry for
ward the attack.
But somebody blundered and
nothing happened for several days,
after which the troops were evac-
uated to rear positions. "Arnhem
Lift" Is Mr.. Hagen's story Of those
several days. He and his compan-
ions were virtually surrounded by
Germans and maintained them
selves by barricading themselves in
an abandoned house. Had the Ger
mans not been more frightened than
they, Mr.. Hagen confesses cheer
fully, the enemy could have wiped
them all out easily.
He writes with extreme noncha-
lance, apparently striving to out
English the English at being mod
est and cool. The narrative, how
ever, is one of those things which
you can only follow by aid of a map
and the map which he supplies is
hard to relate to the narrative.
NC. r.