davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Arabia Coveted

There is Arabia, for instance,
with its store of coveted petro-
leum. There is Iran. offering
Russia a warm-water port. There
is Afghanistan. the primitive bar
rier between communism and the
restless hordes of India. There is
India itself. rebellious, uneasy and
huge.
In the Orient, international
rivalries are momentarily buried
in the struggle against Japan.
But no one imagineS that China.
once the Japs are beaten, is going
10 permit the east to be recon
stituted as it was-with Euro
peans holding its strategic for
treSSes and controlling its eco
nomic destinies.
Still TO be considered, too. lei
alone determined. is the ultimate
fate of Thailand and French Indo.
China, neither OF which put uJ
more than a nominal resistance
10 the JapS.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
(h-WOunded Vet
Builds Up q Points

FORT DEVENS. Mass, July II
GNS) One of the most wound
ed men" in Uncle Sans army is
Sgt. James p. Casey, Newport,
r. /. The infantryman amassed
80 points for a discharge
They included "A for service. Is
for overseas, 20 for four battle
stars and 30 for six wounds, He
was wounded twice in Italy and
four times in France.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

was advanced TO the chief Justice
ship by the late president.
a Republican, Roberts has had
stormy career on the court,
marked by many bitter disSents
which. since 1941, have earned
hun the title of Great DisSenter." ="
During the term Just closed, he
registered disSentS TO 81 of the
courts 16O rulings This was al
most twice as many as the next
most frequent dISSenterS, Stone
and Justice Hugo L. Black, with
70 apiece.
Roberts. Philadelphia by
birth, probably will retire 10 his
dairy farm at Chester Springs, a
few miles outside Philadelphia.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
THUMB DEVELOPMENT

Man and the other primateS are
the only animals so far that have
developed thumbs. And the de-
gree among the various orders of
primates, from monkeys on up,
can also be determined by the
relative development of the thumb
Reference TO thumbs up" or
thumbs down" generally are be-
lieved to have originated with the
ancient Romans. TO signal life or
death 10 a defeated gladiator.
during their exhibition of licensed
cruelty held in their crowded
arenas. This inhuman sport has
a niue more ancient history; the
rule OF the thumb in ancient
Rome and the Roman provinces
was originally borrowed from
Etruria The Etruscans INDUCED
I'm gladiatorial games long before
they were made famous by the
Romans, which in julius Caesars 5
time were nothing short of human
butcheTy.
The rules were that when the
gladiator was vanquiShed, the
Continued on Page Four
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Clash Looms Over PHILOSOPHERS

Further factor has entered into the current situation
which happily absent from the previous postwar settlement
That the clash of directly warning political PHILOSOPHERS with
Soviet Russia ranged side and the free enterprise nations
on the other.
In such circumstances, every little disturbance in
chronic roubecenter viewed with appre
henson.
While the United Nations Conference International Or
ganzaton session San Francisco became
bypass the hot spot problem though of them
boiled high while the delegates meeting
Every will continue be made ignore themor at
lease minimize themwh the world security charter is being
through the hazards of approval by the governing
bodies of the Big Five not mention the 45 other signing
nations.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
No Charge to els

FRANKLIN. Mass, July Ii (UP)
When a troop train stopped near
his diner, Frank Brunelli of Frank
lin gave the soldiers his entire
supply of pies. doughnuts. sand
wiches, beer and coffee without
charge. And he even pressed a
dozen patrons Of his diner into
service as walters.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

French and English. But no
diplomatic realist imagines for
a moment that De Gaulle would
have braved the British lion if
he had not had encouragement
through Frances alliance with
Moscow.
And the same elements were
surreptitiously involved in
Greece and Yugoslavia.
What is going to happen, the
diplomatic world is wondering,
when the temperature in some of
the other ''hot spots" rises to the
boiling point.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Egypt Unruly

Similar questions surround many
other countries and colonies that
today would be under the heel
of japan or Germany except for
the intervention of the navies OF
the United States and Great
Britain.
There are ''hot spots in Africa,
too. Egypt, emboldened by the
Arab League. is reacting violently
against British rule. Libya. Fri
trea and Italian Somaliland-all
taken from Italy during the war
are still to be disposed Of. VIII
Britain get them? Or France? :?
And what will Russia say in either
case?
Reverting to Asia, there is the
rather large hot spot" of Man.
churia.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Mcintyre Tribute
To Glenn Miller
By MARY O'NEIL
News service stan Writer

NEW YORK. July Ia GNS)-
For the first time since the start
of the war, one of the nation 5
leading band leaders has gone 10
Europe with his entire organiza-
tion-aS a tribute to Glenn Miller.
He is Hal Mcintyre, a former
protege OF the famed band leader
who has been missing tor several
months in the European theater
of operations. At the time Miller,
major in the L. S. Army, was
on a flight from England TO
France with his army orchestra.
y Since Maj. Millers disappear
ance. Mcintyre has been working
on plans TO 90 overseas because
he felt that he owed II TO the man
who gave him his first start 90
bring TO the boys over there the
kind of entertainment Miller gave
them.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Thrown 73 Feet, Lives

s. DULUTH, Mimi, July IL up
This coast guardSman really is
tough. Bluege G.. Green, motor
machinist'S mate Sc from Mime
apoliS. was thrown 73 feet into the
air when his. jecp smashed into a
steel girder on the aerial lift
bridge at Duluth. He lived.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
TRIBUNAL DIVIDED

When he took his seat, the tri-
bunal was divided sharply and
the Pennsylvania became the
swing man in a number OF
hve-four decisions. He was
stamped then as a conservative
liberal. although in more recent
years he was labeled strictly a
conservative.
During the courts 1943 term,
Roberts wrote one of mis- most
famous dissenting opinions criti-
Cizing the court for continued re-
of previous decisions. He
said the reverSals were develop
ing a tendency TO bring "adjudi-
cations of this tribunal into the
same class as a restricted railroad
ticket-good for this day and
train only"
Aside from his court duties,
r OBJ eTtS headed the five-mSn
board of inquiry which inveSti-
gated the Pearl Harbor disaster.
Tall, dignifed with iron gray hair
and a square Jaw. Roberts work
often earned him the title of "a
lawyers judge"
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Ancients and Modern Doctors
Study Minds and Health by Hands
By CLAUDIA DE LYS

Noted Aathropologist and authority on Superstition
NEW YORK, July IA lot of people discovering their
thumbs these days.
Maybe because thumbs figure prominently in the sign
guage armed turned-up thumb for instance
teng the generally accepted of victory among T. s.
amen Then too thumbs index
character psychoanayss in diagnosing patients
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

WORRIED BY
SYRIAN ROW
Widening Russian Influence
Iniects New and Sinister Factor
Orphan Colonies Peril Peace
(See Pictures on Page 3

(See Pictures on Page >
WASHINGTON, July 14-Rising temperatures of certain
international ho spots is matter of prime diplomatic concern
Statesmen and foreign experts everywhere acutey con-
sous that disturbances Syria Greece and Yugoslava
easily be duplicated in other restless lands And they
Likewise that outbreak of the kind fraught with
far more than ordinary peril.
World War l left in its train host of similar problems.
But they nothing the experts say compared with the
problems bequeathed by World War IL
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

But the big question is whether it can be managed.
among the obvious and recognized "hot spots
the little nations and inundated of the Near East and
the Mediterranean.
Clashes between British and Russian interests have already
Greece Yugosava and Saeven though the real
hidden beneath the guse of local conflicts
Ostensbly the parties to the brawl purely
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
ARNOLD MENTIONED

One possible candidate men
toned for Roberts court post is
Thurman w. Arnold who resigned
from the Y. S. court of appeals.
Although he quit to go into pri-
vate law practice. he might ac-
cept a Supreme Court appoint
ment. Arnold is a native of
Wyoming.
Roberts. now 20, became eligi-
bile only two months ago for re-
tirement at full salary OF $4,000
annually. He has served on the
bench 10 years. having been ap-
pointed by President Hoover on
May g. 1870
Roberts resignation came an q
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Forget Names

PROVIDENCE, r. l.. July IA
(UP)-Internal Revenue Collector
Joseph V. Broderick reports that
100 persons a day mail their in
come tax payments to his office
without Identifying themselves.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

And telling character by thumbs
has recently become something
of a parlor game in some locali-
ties. notably Hollywood and
Florida and in eastern states.
Actually, a whole library could
be written about thumbs
Anthropologists know that the
development OF the thumb, as
contraSted with that OF the fin
gers. marks dividing line IN the
geological world.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
} NJ A [ L
EDITION

Part News, Sports, Fash
Ions, Women's News, Radio
Programs.
Part o. Pictorial Review,
Walter WinchrIl, Elsie Robinson,
Mark Hellinger, Louis SObOI.
Part 3-American Weekly.
Part 4-Comics.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
STONE Only EXCEPTION

His retirement leaves Chief
Justice Harlan r. Stone the only
man on the present court not
originally appointed by Mr. RooSe-
Welt. Stone was nominated by
President Calvin Coolidge. but
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15

Centuries old Is the nation that an itching thumb
like Pat McClarneys means visitor usually unwel-
intruder, is coming In line with this the ancient
Romans believed that the pricking of ones thumb
pOrtent of evil This recognized by Shakespeare,
In Macbeth when the Second Witch says: by the prick
Ing of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes"
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
Westerner May Get Post
Or Roberts on High Court

surprise 10 friends at the court
and elsewhere. In May. he con-
fided TO close associates he hoped
70 continue on the court for a
long while TO come. lie Is in
good health.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
IN CLOSING STAGES

The European war was in its
closing stages when the Germans
launched their W. bombs. vastly
improved and capable of greater
destruction. When the war ended
S.436 persons had been killed and
$4,000 injured by V-bomb attacks
in Britain alone, TO say nothing of
casualties on the French and
German fronts.
Cessation OF hoStilities revealed
that the Germans had in readi-
ness along the coast of France a
series of rocket guns capable of
hurling shells into London at the
rate of 40 a minute. Further,
there were in the blueprint stage
of rocket bombs which could
travel 5000 miles with fair ac-
curacy! Such bombs could reach
the Eastern Coast of the United
States.
However, about this time the
Allies were busy with secret
weapons of their own, which
CONTINUED on Page Four
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
We Reveals
New German
Death Threat
Flying Bombs Bring
Destruction
Than Once Admitted

WASHINGTON. July IA
Now it can be told.
All that talk of "secre t
weapons" generally shrugged
off by the public as enemy
propaganda, has a basis in fact.
For, with the defeat of Ger
many and the mounting tide of
victories in the Pacific, Allied
bigwigs have lifted the censorship
that concealed the most destruc-
tive weapons ever known TO man.
kind.
knowledge of GerTnany's revo-
lutionary weapons was acquired
in part before the downfall of the
Reich. Final European victory
opened still further her bag OF
military tricks.
MERCIFULLY TIMELY
From what has been learned,
the end of the war in Europe was
mercifully tim ell y, undoubtedly
saving thousands of Allied lives.
In addition. the United States
now has virtually all the secret
weapons of the Axis, including
the complete mechanism of the
vi and W. bombs, and the for
mula for poison gas reported
far more deadly than anything
developed by the Allies.
Some of these weapons-to-
gether with various secret
weapons devised in this country,
and still closely guarded-un-
questionably will be used against
Japan.
And there will be more mystery
weapons in future war, according
TO the experts-fantastic and ter
rible weapons that will rival the
frightful ones introduced by the
Germans in the current conflict.
FIRST vi BOMB
Just one week after D-Day, the
invasion of France. England re-
ceived her first vi bomb vista
ton. The vi was a jet-propelled
missile, pilotless, which fell in the
general area to which il was
directed, with a tremendous ex-
lplosive power, and great damage
TO civilians.
Countermeasures were put into
effect Immediately. Launching
sites in Germany and France
were subjected TO terrific bombing
from the Allies, and the vi raids
on England were cut down.
About the same time, the Ger
man jet-propelled plane appeared,
This speeded up experimental
work by the L. S. and Britain,
both OF which had been working
for some time along the same
lines.
Detroit evening times., 1945-07-15
China an Enigma

At Cairo in 1943 Roosevelt
Churchill and Chang kai-shek
agreed that Msnchuria and all
other Japanese-occupied Chinese
Continued on Page Two)
Evening star., 1945-05-27

and friends then proceeded to decorate
the graves throughout the cemetery,
covering the same with flowers while
solemn music was performed by the
various bands.
Evening star., 1945-05-27

IF other eyes grow dull and other
hands slack, and other hearts cold in
the solemn trust, ours shall keep it well
as long as the light and warmth of
life remain in us.
LET us, then, at the time appointed,
gather around their sacred remains and
garland the passionless mounds above
them with choicest flowers of spring.
time; let us raise above them the dear
old flag they saved from dishonor; let
us in this solemn presence renew our
pledges to aid and assist those whom
they have left among us sacred charge
upon the Nations gratitude-the SOL
diers and sailors widow and orphan.
III. 1t is the purpose of the COM
mander in chief to inauguarte this
observance with the hope that it will
be kept up from year to year, while a
survivor of the war remains to honor
the memory of his departed comrades.
He earnestly desires the public press
to call attention to this offer and lend
its friendly aid in bringing it to the
notice of comrades in all parts of the
country in time for simultaneous COM
pliance Herewith.
I'll. Department commanders will
Evening star., 1945-05-27
BY Robin Coons,
Associated Press Stan Writer,

June to try again for the prize denied
him seven years earlier, when storms
and violent japanese land defenses had
scattered his forces.
A Divine Typhoon
This time the Japanese fought just as
violently on land, having no navy, but
the battle was deadlocked until mid
August, when a typhoon of amazing
ferocity broke on the invasion fleet.
Within a few hours some 1000 of the
Khan's ships were lost, and an esti-
mated 10000 of his men perished by
sea or sword. Hence kamikaze.
of OkinaWa now the kamikaze-
air, surface, human bomb departments
have been doing their utmost to dis
perse or terrify into retreat the Amer
ican Fleet protecting the invasion. The
fleet is still there, the invasion proceeds.
They Usually Fail
1t is weird, unforgettable sight
Japanse plane streaking in a dive
through thick barriers of death-dealing
ack ack toward ship. The plane is
usually out of control-because the pilot
has found his suicidal goal we'll in ad-
vance OF his crash, which is generally
into the sea rather than on a ship.
Occasionally, but rarely, the plane
grazes a vessel, or skins it, or shakes it
as it explodes in the water nearby, or
actually lands on deck, causing casual
ties and fire. The pilot has accom-
plished one part of his aim-self de
struction-and destroyed one more of
Japan's dWindling supply of planes.
On Friday, April l3, Admiral Nimitz
discussed the kamikaze for the first
time, lifting six-month security veil
off the subject. He declared that the
enemy was expending large numbers of
Evening star., 1945-05-27
Politics Has Long Been His Speciality

When William c. Murphy, IT,, this
week stepped in as boss of the pub
licity department of the Republican
National Committee, the COP got the
services of one of Washington's most
widely experienced political writer's
Bill Murphy is At, handsome in a
serious, unobtrusive way, and the father
of married daughter and an 18-year-
old son in prep school, For a quarter
century he has been newspaperman
virtually the entire period in Wash
ington.
He is one Of a comparatively small
group among the 600 odd newspaper
men here who have background of
long experience in high-level political
reporting. For the last Is years-since
he went with the old New York World
in 1929-he has been political spe-
cialist.
To accept the new post, he left as
chief of the Washington Bureau of the
Philadelphia Inquirer, Pennsylvania
bible of Republicanism and one of the
most militantly Republican newspapers
in the Nation.
He had been chief of that bureau
since 1887, when he and Paul J. Nc
Gahan, now an Army lieutenant colonel
Evening star., 1945-05-27
HowWashington Observed
The First Memorial Dav
BY John Clagett Proctor

In few days there will be another
Memorial Day and the graves of our
soldiers of all wars will be decorated,
wherever found, with flowers by friends
and descendants of the dead and by
others with patriotic impulses. Natur-
ally, Arlington National Cemetery, in
this city, will come in for the greater
consideration. and the attention given
it, and the exercises held there upon
this occasion, will bespeak the soul of
a grateful Nation. But, no member of
the Department of the Potomac, Grand
Army of the Republic, will be there
The last member died here in the Sol
dlers' Home hospital on September o.
OF last year. He was John Montgomery
Kline, then in his 9th year.
The first Memorial Day was very
solemn occasion, as it was intended to
be, and should always be, and to the
sacred shrine of Arlington many of
those left behind solemnly wended their
way to decorate the last resting place
of their deceased loved ones-the SOL
dler dead who had sacrificed their lives
upon the altar of patriotism, that this
Nation under God, shall have a new
birth of freedom, and that government
OF the people, by the people, for the
people shall not perish from the earth"
The Famous General Order
The annual custom of decorating the
graves of Union soldiers began in 1868.
Gen. John A. Logan, who was then COM
mander in chief of the Grand Army of
the Republic. and who was then stop
Evening star., 1945-05-27
Kamikaze. .Japan's Last>Ditch Weapon

GUAM.--KamikaZe. For several
months that word has been recurrent in
Japanese propaganda broadcasts. In re-
cent weeks, especially since Fleet Ad-
miral Chester w. Nimitz brought the
subject into the open, Tokyo's mouth
pieces have harped upon it to the point
of hysteria.
And since the Okinawa campaign
dumped the Pacific war on Japans very
doorstep, the voices of Nippon have chat
tered OF little else, indicating strongly
that kamikaze is to be Japan's desperate
last-ditch weapon.
What is this yaunted instrument?
Kamikaze means literally divine
wind" In war-frantic Japan today the
term Is applied to any number of "spe-
cial attack corps" members of which
are supposed to be pledged to suicidal
tactics If necessary in order to wreak
damage on Americans.
National Genius for Suicide
During the Leyte campaign American
seamen first began noticing the usually
abortive efforts of japanese flyers to
crash their planes on our ships-hence
kamikaze is popularity applied to suicide
pilots. The japanese obviously make
divine winds of other expressions of
the national genius for suicide: Suicide
swimmers, suicide boats and RATS and
the recently developed suicide bomb
On April Is Tokyo told of ceremonies
supposedly inducing "the hundred mil
lion" people Of Japan-men, women and
children-into national kamikaze, pre-
sumably to seek suicide by fighting with
knives and sticks in the streets when
the Americans invade
The divine wind" blew for Japan
originally in August, 1880, when China S
Kubai Khan made his second attempt
to invade Nippon. With an immense
fleet of some 4,500 wooden ships and
about 100000 men, the Khan sailed in
Evening star., 1945-05-27

planes and pilots to obtain negligible
effects" He admitted that some major
units Of the fleet had been damaged,
but no battleship, fast carrier or cruiser
had been sunk. Some smaller vessels
had been sunk, he said, but most of
those attacked remained operational.
Secret countermeasures to minimize
further the suicide plane attacks were
being taken, he said.
on Okinawa the suicide boats
somewhat larger than rowboats, their
wooden prows loaded with explosives to
take their crews, as well as intended
victims, to death-have been picked off
by watchful ships gun crews, as have
human torpedo" swimmers.
I'm Enormous Haul
The "baka bomb" Japanese version
OF the German vi and W. rockets,
with the inevitable Japanese addition
of suicide angle, has not been used
sufficiently as yet to justify conjecture
on its effectiveness.
AS psychological weapon, the kami-
kaze plane may bolster the suicide
revering Japanese homefront, but its
effectiveness against Americans Is best
indicated by the fact that in every
attack American crewmen are sticking
by their guns, firing away even in the
rare instances when the suicide plane
crashes into them. And their haul OF
enemy planes, both suicide" and regu-
lar attackers, has been enormous.
Meanwhile, struggling along with
kamikaze, Tokyo radio is getting certain
results" These are typified in one
broadcast which told of Japanese raid
in which planes lone after another
body crashed into the enemy objectives."
In the same broadcast was this blithe
summation: "All but one Japanese plane
returned safely to the base from this
raid!"
Evening star., 1945-05-27

tanned here by an out of town news
paper. In accepting the new post. he
also had to step out as vice president
of the White House Correspondents
Association.
Like Sam ONeal, his opposite num-
Der as Democratic National Committee
publicity chief-Bill Murphy is in the
paradoxical position of being unable to
cast ballot himself. This is owing to
the fact that the blessings of life in the
Capital of the worlds most democratic
Nation do not include the right to vote
Has Voted Only Twice
Nor is Bill Murphy registered Re-
publican-or a registered anything, for
that matter. He has been a resident of
Washington since 1920 and has voted
only twice in his life. Those votes were
cast by absentee ballot in his home
town of Charlottesville, Ind
Incidentally, Bill Murphy and Demo-
cratic Publicity Chief O'Neal have a
number of other things in common.
Sam O'Neal, for instance, isn't registered
with political party either Both
wanted to be lawyers, Both were de-
f1ected by getting newspaper jobs while
they were in college. Both are nearly
the same age-Mr. O'Neal, at As, is two
years younger than Mr.. Murphy.
Both are devotees of golf when they
get chance to play. At Albany N. Y,
last year, when both were covering Gov.
Thomas E. Deweys presidential cam
paign, they played an occasional 1S
holes together
Once Liberty League Aide
Ideologically, no one can accuse Bill
Murphy of not being devoted ad-
herent of conservative political philos-
ophy. His only job other than in the
newspaper business was as publicity di-
rector for two years of the now-dis-
banded Liberty League, arch foe of the
early New Deal.
He has no sympathy for New Deal
policies and when he says he plans to
do the best job he can do ITO make
change and get rid of the New Deal and
all its hangers-on," hey speaking from
the heart and not onlv vas he would be
expected to speak as high COP Official
Bill Murphy's first job was as clerk in
the w. c. Murphy g. Co. clothing store
operated by his father at the corner OF
Main and Washington streets, Craw-
fordsville.