davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-10-02

they suddenly took possession of all i'm
portant japanese banking and financial
institutions. That was the kind of swift,
decisive stroke the Japs could under
stand
Macarthur is great general and no
amateur as a politician and diplomat,
American type So is Zhukov, Russian
type, and we shall delight in honoring
him. As guest he will want to know
what he is to receive for Russia, an
international custom from which We
sometimes rule ourselves out Naturally
Moscow would not mind Russian sit
ting in on MacArthurs right hand in
Tokyo. Happily the Allied Control
Commission will start with preliminary
discussions in Washington, where, hope
fully. it will remain for some time.
X
President Truman should not confine
his straight talk, for home consumption,
to congressional leaders who are back
ing water on some of his domestic poll
cies. Granting that Russia did the big
fighting in Europe, he should put it Wig
orously to Zhukov how we did the big
lighting and bore the heavy cost against
Japan, explain the big tax burdens we
report forecasts 100000 American un-
employed in 1916.
Zhukov should be reminded how he
or any of his party may travel freely
all over the United States, but like
privilege is denied to Americans to
travel throughout Russia. Suggest an
inquiry as to the conditions of Jews in
Russia and Russian occupied countries
and how much diplomatic pressure Rus
sia has brought to open up Palestine to
Jewish immigration.
A straight talk in frank, fraternal
bout of the kind to which the President,
Stain, zhukov are given will clear the
air Of suspicion which mealy words con-
ceal, and will promote better under
standing between the two powers which
are so largely responsible for world
peace as members Of the United Ma
tions Organization General Council.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Munx Example

The British Empire will survive as
long as its constituent parts are loyal
to the ideal of imperial unity. Mean
while, the people of the little Isle of
Man in the Irish Sea have set their
neighbors under the Union Jack an
example worthy of the whole worlds
notice. On Tynwald Day, the Manx
parliament assembled on an ancient
artificial hill, supposed to have been
built by the Norsemen when they
established the original parliament
eleven hundred years ago, and heard
read into law an act providing for
the gift of a million dollars to the
Crown to aid in paying the costs of
the Second World War.
King George VI and Queen Eliza
beth, his wife, crossed the sixty miles
of stormy water between Liverpool
and the tiny island to attend the
ceremony. Members of the Manx
House of Lords and House of Keys or
Commons gathered before them ac-
cording to the traditional etiquette
of national legislature which is
older than that of Westminster. The
Speaker and other officials wore wigs
and scarlet robes, and their majes-
ties viewed the proceedings seated in
gold chairs on a platform trimmed
with red velvet.
So much the Associated Press re-
ported in detail. What was not ex-
planned in the dispatch, however, is
that the Isle of Man has total area
of only two hundred and twenty
square miles, most of it ruggedly
mountainous and only small portions
of it notably fertile. The estimated
population is but fifty thousand all
told. Fishing and mining are the
principal industries. Agriculture CEN
ters in the growing of oats and tur-
nips. Foodstuffs must be imported
even in summer. None OF the natives
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Letters to The Star
Wants Orchestra Supported
But Not in School Budget
To the Editor Of The Star.

To the Editor Of The Star:
The president of the National SYM
phony Orchestra has petitioned the
Commissioners of the District OF. Column
bia to include the sum OF $25, 900 in the
budget for the public schools-this
amount to be handed to the symphony
orchestra each year. The same request
was made year ago, and the Commits
sioners failed to include the amount.
Last spring the same request was made
of the Finance Committee of the Board
of Education. The committee did not
recommend favorable action.
There is no doubt that the Commits
siorlers and the Board of Education
share with every thinking person in the
city very high regard for the orchestra
and for what it has done for the pleasure
of music lovers and for the cultural
development Of Washington. The or
ci1estra is necessity. Why. then, do
both boards hesitate to add yearly
appropriation of s25,00o to the budget
of the public school system?
Because the symphony orchestra is a
civic organization and it should be sup
ported by civic funds. These funds
might properly be supplied by the Com
munity Chest, the Board OF Trade, the
various luncheon clubs, the citizens
associations, the recreation department,
etc.-but not, oh. please not. the public
schools The yearly budget for the
public schools barely covers current ex-
penses. There has not been enough left
over to make the necessary repairs and
improvements in the schools and play
grounds. School buildings are deteriorat-
ing daily for want of paint; roofs leak;
plaster falls; toilet facilities in some
schools are SO inadequate that 1t is
difhcult to preserve health and prevent
suffering. One school is SO old and rat
infested that the pupils are distracted
from their books by watching the rats
Many schools lack facilities to supply
warm water for washing dirty hands in
winter Many Fairgrounds are mud
holes when 1t rains, and dust bowls
when the sun is shining.
Give the Board of Education money
enough to correct these evils before you
consider burdening it with S25, 900 added
each year. Economy minded District
committees may forget that the $25,00o
is ticketed to the orchestra, and may
subtract too freely when they see the
total budget.
Many years ago the orchestra Sought
and obtained permission of the Board of
Education to give concerts to the chill
dren free. This may not have been pure
philanthropy. There was advertising
value to the parents of the pupils, and
the pupils themselves would remain in
terested in the orchestra when. after a
few years, they were pursuing gainful
occupations. Until the National Sym
phony Orchestra obtains financial relief,
I do not believe the Board of Education
would be averse to allowing the or
chestra to hold rehearsals at intervals
in the hearing of the students. This
should not cost anybody anything.
JAMES A. CANNON,
M. D., F. A. c. s.,
Chairman, Finance Committee,
Board of Education.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
This Changing World
Bv Consfanfine Broipn

sion to formulate policies for carrying
out the Japanese surrender appears to
be In contradiction Of the Potsdam
agreements and also in contradiction of
the official views of our chief policy
framer, the President OF the United
States.
The Big Five Foreign Ministers Con-
ference In London has been deadlocked
since it first met three weeks ago It is
possible that Mr.. Byrnes might have
thought he could break the impasse
with slight" concession to the Russian
foreign commissar in the shape of an
agreement to form a commission to
supervise the activities of the American
Army of Occupation.
Informed diplomatic quarters regard
this agreement, II 1t becomes an actual
fact, as about the last major concession
the United States can make to save the
increasingly thinning international
peace structure.
The members of the American delega-
ton in London are fully aware that
Russia does not intend to yield on any
subject concerning the blue-printing of
the new peace agreements Our threats
to refuse to recognize Moscow's satel-
lites until representative governments
have been formed in those countries
and free elections-in the real sense of
the word-have taken place IS only an
academic gesture Russia has large
numbers of troops In all the states of
the Danubian Valley and there is very
little we can do about changing
Russia's Interpretation of the word
democracy"
The propaganda of the Red broad
casting stations claim it was the Soviets
intervention in Manchuria that sealed
the fate of Japan. But the Russian Of
flcials themselves and the other nations
which have an interest in the Pacific
discount these assertions. They know
that it was America which crushed
Japan.
Russia, however is as much an Asiatic
power as she is European. A pre-
ponderant position of the United States
in the Far East might eventually run
counter to the Soviet's future interests
in the Pacific area and on the Asiatic
mainland. In order to Offset such a
possibility, 1t is essential that she have
a voice equal to that of the United
States in the policing and reorganiza-
ton of Japan. An theological conflict
as to the methods to be used in democ-
ratizing Japan already exists.
Gen. MacArthur's original instruc-
tions were to introduce democracy to
Japan by the elimination of the castes
and by granting complete freedom of
expression to the bulk of the japanese
people. Moscow desires the organization
of minority which would act in the
same way the minority is acting in the
Balkan satellite states.
Evening star., 1945-10-02

"in accordance with equitable prin-
ciples." Similarly, in the implement
ing executive order, the President
makes clear that the policy does not
affect the legislative or judicial de-
termination of any contests between
the Federal Government and the
individual States over questions of
ownership or control.
No one knows exactly how much
wealth can be extracted from it, but
petroleum is already being taken
from points as much as 100 feet
deep, and the chronological advance
of recent years has been such that
this undersea region is almost Ger
tain to prove valuable national
asset. The policy proclaimed by the
President thus is compounded of
foresight and common sense.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
The Continental Shelf

BY proclamation ana executive
order, the President has now set
forth definite policy regarding the
resources of our continental shelf
an area of about 5000 square miles
running off the mainland to depth
OF 600 feet. The proclamation. in
effect, serves notice on other coun-
tries that the United States regards
the subsoil and sea bed contiguous
to It's coast as being subject TO its
control and Jurisdiction. The execu-
tive order places administration of
the policy in the hands of the Sec
retary of the Interior.
The continental shelf extends far
beyond the three-mile limit to points
beneath the high seas-an average
of sixty miles in the Gulf of Mexico.
some seventy along the Atlantic
Coast. eighteen off the Southern Pa
cific Coast and fifty-seven around
Alaska. 1t is known to contain rich
stores of petroleum and other min
erals, and with modern technology
cal progress, as the Presidents proc
lamation declares, the utilization of
these resources els already practica-
BILE or will become so at an early
date" In the circumstances, in the
interest of their conservation and
proper exploitation, prudence de-
mands that this country assume
Jurisdiction over them.
It is unlikely that any other ma
tion with contiguous subsoil and
sea bed will take exception to the
view proclaimed by the President.
The policy, as he says, is reasonable
and just" and very probably coun-
tries like Britain and Russia are not
surprised by it.. 1t does not alter
freedom of navigation, of course,
and 1t specifically provides that
in cases where our continental shelf
extends to the shores of another
power, the boundary will be fixed by
that power and the United States
Evening star., 1945-10-02

The Truman administration revealed
its immediate tax reduction program
when Secretary of the Treasury Vinson
told the House Ways and Means Com
mittee it should draft legislation repeal
ing the excess profits tax on business,
repeating the per cent normal tax
on individual incomes, and knock out
certain excise taxes-which, in effect,
are sales taxes. These tax proposals are
for l946-and are not to be retroactive.
They would lop an estimated SIS 900 ,000,-
900 of the Federal tax take-$2 sos ,000,-
00e of excess profits taxes, $2,085, 900 900
of individual income taxes, and $547,-
000. 900 of excise taxes.
The tax reduction proposals are not
submitted on the theory that the Federal
budget can or will be balanced. In the
near future. Indeed, the latest estimates
for the fiscal year Of 1916, which ends
next July /, shows an expected deficit
of $50 400 900 900, the expected receipts
from taxation being S36, 900 900 900 and
the expenditures, $50. 400 100000. That
means the continuation of deficit spend
ing on big scale.
Nevertheless, the administration real
ICES that with the war at an end the
American people are looking for some
relief from the terrific tax burden they
took to win final victory. Further, the
only hope for employment and prosper
ity in this country lies in high level
of production and national income. BY
relieving business of the excess profits
tax burden, 1t Is believed that business,
especially new business, will be en-
couraged at time when courage and
venture capital" are particularly
needed.
The tax program is sugared at both
ends-it is designed to appeal to busi-
ness with its repeal of the excess profits
tax, and to appeal to some 100000
families who now have to pay the nor
NAL income tax for individuals and who
do not have to pay any OF the surtaxes.
The effect of the program will be to
relieve all these people of Federal
income taxes completely. The repeal of
the normal tax would, OF course, also
give some relief to all other income
taxpayers. The repeal Of the excise
taxes will appeal both to business and
to the people who have to pay them
From a political point Of view the
program is not bad at all. It is cal
culated to please large number of
voters. Incidentally, the repeal of the
Evening star., 1945-10-02

is what Americans would consider
"well off," yet the generality of them
are thrifty in their habits about
money.
A gift of million dollars to the
Crown meant in effect voluntary
tax of twenty dollars on every Manx
man, woman and child in the island.
The contribution was feasible be-
cause an active and energetic pa
triotism exists in that small outpost
of the British Commonwealth of
Nations.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Russia and the Atomic Bomb

Russia and the Atomic Bomb
To the Editor OF The Star;
The arrogant attitude of Russia at
the London Conference makes 1t evi-
dent that it would be foolish for us to
share the secret of our powerful ex-
plosive with the worlds greatest enemy
of democracy. Only our radical ele-
msnt and the politicians who cater to
their votes, are in favor of this con-
cession. These radical groups are to
great extent the product of Russian
propaganda, and are now sufficiently
powerful to become a menace in the
United States.
After all of our immense sacrifices
in this horrible war, we did not de-
mand territory, while Russia practi-
cally has annexed all of the countries
Of Central Europe, and under her pup
pet governments there is less freedom
than there was under the Nazi regimes.
All who are not avowed Communists
are considered Fascists and many are
being shot or imprisoned. Food and
everything else of value is confiscated.
Communication with the outside world
no longer exists. This certainly is not
what We fought for, and we should in
sist on the political and economic free
dom of those overrun countries.
All that we are sgetting out of our
victory is the privilege (9l of giving
away more billions of dollars. ANY
further financial aid to Russia may be
worse for us than the scrap iron we
sold to Japan.
If we value our own freedom, we must
prevent world domination by Russia,
and that no doubt can be accomplished
by threatening to use the atomic bomb
against this menacing dictatorship.
DORE WALTEN.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Old Seurnun's S Song

Poor is the land ,phere summer reigns
And holds 1t tight in summer chains
Where neper gust OF sea ,pind strays
ODer the flushed and fepereds Days
Bringing the feel OF tides that pass
To ,Uauing fields OF rusting grass,
Blot0ing its stDeetness past the eapes,
Flnttering pulses OF the leaves
As poor the face, be it beasts or mans
That neper a breath OF sea Dind tans
Blot0ing on san- -,D1rmed cheek and broto
Like a stUeep OF spray against protr,
Cool on the temples, soft and mild
Yet through its s,Deetness, somehow
1uild
In that it cannot ebb nor halt
But ledpes on the Hips taste OF salt.
ETHEL BARNETT DE VITO.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Strikes Against the People

In submitting his four point pro-
gram for settlement of the petro-
leum strike, Secretary of Labor
Schwellenbach makes it perfectly
clear that the people of the country
and not the employers are the real
victims when any important seq,
ment of industry is shut down by
a labor dispute.
There are only few thousand
men actually involved in this strike,
and even If the walkout should be
extended, as its leaders threaten,
the strikers still would constitute
but tiny fraction of the popula-
ton. Nevertheless, ME-. Schwellen-
bach is entirely right in saying that
its prolongation and extension
would put in jeopardy the very
life blood of American economy"
would shut down our basic indus
tries, make reconversion and en-
ployment impossible and leave the
people to go cold and hungry.
This power over the economic life
of the Nation has been placed in
the hands of minorities by the Fed
eral Government, through a series
of laws enacted in recent years. The
supposition was that labor needed
this favored legislative treatment
to give it an equality of bargaining
power with management, and at
the time there was basis for this
belief. Yet what we have now, espe-
cially in the key industries, is not an
equality of bargaining power with
employers, but power over the
very life of the Nation and power
which is being f1agrantly and de-
family abused.
Mr.. Schwellenbach, with his four
point plan which amounts to a
demand for compulsory arbitration
of this dispute, may succeed in set
Ting the petroleum strike. But that
will be no solution of the problem.
Last week saw CIO pickets throw a
blockade around a big refinery in
Indiana. These strikers did not
represent the employees in the plant,
who wanted to stay on their jobs.
They did not even work there. Yet
they surrounded the plant with their
automobiles, parked bumper-to-
bumper, and, armed with clubs, beat
up employees who tried to go to work
and held the plant in state of siege
until the State Guard was modified
In Texas, about 140 employees of the
Lower Colorado River Authority have
staged surprise strike, cutting off
electric power for a score of COM
munities and 100000 people. Lacking
power, these people are without
water and without means of re-
frigeration, which leaves them at
the mercy of 14O strikers. These
are not exceptional, but typical of
the consequences of strikes aimed
at key points in industry. And Mr..
Schwellenbach, however good his in
tentions, cannot settle them all
through personal and individual
Intervention.
The remedy, If there is to be a
remedy, lies in comprehensive and
intelligent legislative approach to
the problem with view to depriving
labor of the right to abuse its power
at the expense of the country. This
does not mean that any legitimate
labor interest should be sacrificed or
curtailed. 1t does mean, however,
that the American people as a whole
also have rights which should be
protected against the excesses of
irresponsible minorities, and it is
clearly the duty of the President,
his Secretary of Labor and Congress
to see to it that this is done.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
japanese Control

If the meeting of the Council of
Foreign Ministers in London has
done nothing else, it has served
effectively to confuse the picture
with respect to the shaping of Al
lied policy in Japan.
A week ago this seemed to be one
point concerning which there was
no room for misunderstanding. The
White House had announced that
we would welcome Allied participa-
ton in the control of Japan, but
that in event of differences over
policy, the policy of the United
States would prevail. AS late as last
Wednesday, at a press conference,
President Truman repeated that, If
differences of opinion should arise,
the differences would be resolved by
this Government in line with our
policy.
But now, apparently, no one knows
what the policy for control of Japan
will be, nor how it will be deter
mined, nor who will determine it.
Secretary of State Byrnes, without
any reference to the earlier state
ments from the White House, has
announced in London that a plan
for the control Of Japan has been
agreed upon by the major powers.
This disclosure, made after Soviet
Foreign Commissar Molotov had
criticized American policy in Japan
and hSd called for establishment of
an Allied control commission in
Tokyo, is set forth in guarded Ian
guage, so much so, in fact, that it
is difficult to say what it means. 1t
seems evident, however, that we
have abandoned our earlier proposal
for purely advisory commission on
Japan, which was to have met IN
Washington, and have agreed to the
creation of Far Eastern Commis-
sion, which, after its first meeting,
apparently will assemble in Tokyo,
and which will be asked to consider
whether a control council (for ia
pan) should be established and, if
50, the power which should be vested
m It,"
This announcement was accom-
panied by informal interpretations
to the effect that General MacAr-
thur must have primary control"
and that the United States is not
yielding on the point that, through
General Macarthur, it will effec-
tiveN dominate the new setup in
Tokyo. There is not word in Mr..
Byrnes' statement to support these
interpretations, however, and, while
he may have had such reservations
in mind, the failure to incorporate
them In the formal statement, as
suming that that document has real
meaning, can easily stir up hor-
nets nest of trouble when the other
members of the Far Eastern Com
mission, all of whom want an au-
thoritative voice in Japan, meet to
consider the desirability of control
commission and the powers it should
have. At the least, Mr.. Byrnes has
opened the door to a development
which seemingly points the way to
abandonment or drastic modifica-
ton of our original position with
respect to the control of Japan. Per-
faps this should be done, but it will
be interesting to see what, If any
thing, has been obtained in the
nature Of a quid pro quo.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Gen. Fleming as a Godfather

Gen. Fleming as a Godfather
To the Editor Of The Star:
MAJ. Gen. Philip Fleming, administra-
tor of the Federal Works Agency and
therefore the holder of the purse strings
for continuation of the child-care cen
ters, once jocularly referred to himself
as "the godfather of 100000 children"
Godfather? A good word, meaning lit
orally 'to take under ones fostering
care
But Gen. Fleming's behavior with ref
erence to his 100000 foster children is
scarcely godfatherly. Quite the. CON-
trary. He encouraged 100000 children
to go to nurseries while their mothers
helped to win the war, but did not warn
either children or mothers that his fos-
ter care would be withdrawn when the
war was won. He agrees that the money
still is there, that he legally could rec
ommend its use for continuation OF the
centers, but, bluntly, he went. He had
an agreement with Congress that he
would return the money when the war
was over.
That there is need for continuation
of nurseries in some areas and that the
emergency" is not officially over he will
not deny, but he still will take no forth
right action to insure financial aid.
VIVIAN McMAHILL.
Evening star., 1945-10-02
Praise for Senator and Mr.. Kent

Praise for Senator and Mr.. Kent
To the Editor of The Star:
hope that every reader Of The Star
read Frank B. Kent's column Of Sep
tember 25. He relates the facts about
Senator Tydings walking out on the
CIO because speaker made threat
as to what to expect If things were not
done their way.
fully agree with Mr. Kent when he
says that If we had more men like
Senator Tydings. the world would be q
better place In which to live. =. q.