davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-07-29

as soon as he comes home But when
he gets out and has to start on a new
job, he won't want any burdens. He
won't be so interested in immediate
marriage. She's poorly equipped in the
postwar job competition but she's going
to have to work"
So there are the single girls who
must support themselves.
These Will Have to Work
Then, says Miss Hickey, there are
the married women whose husbands
will not return or will come back
handicapped physically or occupation
ally. BY occupationally, she means it
will take them some time to get back
to where they were in their profession.
Then there are the girls whose hasty
war marriages have fallen apart-and
that number, Miss Hickey believes, is
increasing
And then there are the married
women who can't stretch their hus-
bands income to take care of needy
in-laWs. They have TO work to support
their own parents.
Those are the women who have TO
work, and Miss Hickey estimated they
represent 05 per cent of the working
women. Then there are the women who
will want to work.
She includes among these the women
who have adjusted to a better standard
of living, who want to send their chill
dren TO college and buy the beautiful
postwar homes.
I'VE need that type of workers be-
cause they increase the countrys buy
ing power BY taking them out of the
labor force because they work to buy
things they don't really need would de-
stroy jobs for others"
The Specially Trained
There's another group which Miss
Hickey believes should have the right to
work. These are the girls who have
acquired special training at a consider
able outlay of time and money. She
believes a girl should be allowed to be-
come doctor or a lawyer if she wants
to and keep on working at it after she's
married if she wants that, too.
And. lastly, Miss Hickey lists among
those who want to work the women who
want the economic independence of
their own paycheck.
Miss Hickey comedies it will be no
easy job to find work for all of them.
Twelve million of them were in the
labor market before the war. They
were the stenographers, nurses, teach
ers, mattresses, salesgirls, garment work
ers. They know the ropes, said Miss
Hickey, and they'll fight for their jobs,
but half of them have shifted from
Evening star., 1945-07-29

Federal shipbuilding q Dry Dock Co. photo.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Continued From Page CA.

standard quinine content could be main
tanned, it is pointed out, by blending
totaquine high in that alkaloid with
other bark short in this ingredient.
The bark from felled or stripped trees
is cut into inch-long chips for process
ing. Col. Fischer found in his quinine
cultivation in the Philippines that it
was better to cut the trees. replanting
constantly to preserve the supply.
The Army'S Cinchona Research Unit,
of which Maj. Kaye is commanding Of
f1cer and 1t. Ronzone executive officer,
soon will place the new equipment In
regular operation in a cinchona grow
ing region.
With the vast shipping problem re-
duced to question of getting the fin
ished product, the powder, out of the
mountainous forests far from railroads
or highways, the economic phase of
quinine will enter new era for mil
lions of harassed people.
No Quinine on Market Now
There's no quinine on the market at
present. The last quotation given the
Government for quinine in large lots
placed it at $47.50 for 1000 l0-grain
tablets Ten grains Is the average dose.
Atabrine last was quoted, also in
wholesale lots, with retail prices much
higher, at 81 a thousand tablets.
Totaquine produced by the old meth
DDS brought $3.50 wholesale for thou
sand-lot tablets, 10 grains each.
The new totaquine can be produced for
about .0038 of cent for 10-grain tab
let. This would amount to about 70
cents for 1000 tablets.
Need Is Great
Taking an average Of various esti-
mates the Army's cinchona men figure
the productive capacity of South Amer
lea at about 600 tons month They
compute this as about the maximum
output that could be sustained for any
length of time. To attain this figure,
300 field extraction units would have
to be scattered through Colombia, Ecua-
dor, Bolivia and Peru. These would
yield $1,000 pounds of totaquine a
month, or 36,l2o0o0 doses OF 10 grains
each.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Making Quinine Plentiful

Yet Maj. Kaye estimated in a recent
report that this huge amount would be
no more than sufficient to supply the
need of Latin America alone, If it could
be made generally available"
AS DR.. Clark Yager of the Office OF
nter-American Affairs, who is an au-
thority on tropical diseases. emphasized
to the visiting newspaper representa-
tives, quinine and its kindred drugs are
not cures for malaria. But they do con-
troll this devastating disease and they
are valuable as preventives, as pro-
phalactics.
The only complete eradicator which
medicine has found is the destruction OF
the breeding grounds where the mala-
ria-bearing mosquitoes propagate. And
until that utopian day when mosquitoes
are banished from the earth, people in
many areas will continue to need quin-
inc and its like.
The State Department, the Once Of
Inter-American Affairs, the Foreign
Economic Administration and other
agencies have eo-operated in the Gin
chona project which promises to be
postwar blessing to so many millions.
Ravases of Malaria
Malaria has slowed up and often
brought to standstill industrial and
scientific enterprises of the most vital
importance. The recent lack of quinine
has brought many countries who need it
to sort of desperation, wondering
where to turn. While there are more
fatal diseases, there Is none more Grip.
pling, more incapacitating in its recur-
rent effects.
A Jesuit missionary who remained in
the Philippines throughout the jap
anese occupation wrote Col. Fischer
that the cinchona trees he cultivated not
only saved thousands of lives, but, in the
opinion OF this priest, kept the whole
guerrilla warfare and underground re-
sistance movement going. The Fill
pinos had no extraction plants, but they
tore of the bark and brewed 1t into a
tea. The hydrochloric acid in their
stomachs furnished the rest of the nee
eSary chemistry.
When all the chapters in mans fight
against malaria are written. 1t will be .
dramatic story.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
Sixteen Million Women Will Need Jobs After the War

work-the girl who left an engineering
school after two years to work In
drafting room. She was accepted, Miss
Hickey explained, under wartime stand
ards, but when the professional stand
ards go up again she'll be out of job.
Won't Compete With Veterans
Women generally, Miss Hickey be-
lieves won't want to compete with vet
Grams.
Whenever you talk of working
woman" she pointed out, you're de-
scribing the wife, sister or mother Of
a veteran and she wants him back at
work. She's willing to make sacrifices
to see that happen.
But you have another problem Are
you going to ask the veteran to take
care of all his dependent female rela-
tiyes?"
Miss Hickey said she often talked to
soldier groups about their idea that
woman's place was in the home, but
when she asks them If they're willing
to support all the women at home she
always draws big laugh.
SANhAIOWlCdShl6 IlldO NCUCId cilOQIu
go to the head of the job line, Miss
Hickey would like to see women judged
against all other comers on the basis
of competence.
Give Them the Same Chance
I'VE just ask that she be given the
same chance as anybody else" Miss
Hickey explained. employers are not
unwilling to hire her because she's a
woman per Sc, but because they think
that-being woman-she won't stay
on the job, that she'll go of and get
married.
IF man quits his job to get better
one, everybody just says he's ambitious,
but If woman quits to get married,
they say she's undependable.
Then there's that other bugaboo-the
employers idea that men need work
more than women. Miss Hickey thinks
it's very fine that employers have sense
of social responsibility but she believes
family problems should be solved in
other ways.
Personnel departments usually aren't
equipped to judge which person needs
job most and don't think people like
being selected on that basis" she said.
She cited the case of girl who didn't
look at all as if she needed to work.
Miss Hickey described her as "a pretty
little thing with a long glamour girl
bob and tapering red f1ngernails," Ac-
tually, she said, the girl was the only
support of an invalid mother and two
younger sisters whom she was trying to
see through school so they, too, could
become self-supporting.
Let Ability Count
This is what Miss Hickey asks:
That employers think of women appli-
cants not as the women" but on an
individual basis-each as a woman who
works because she has to and is willing
to be judged on the basis of her ability
to do the job.
That State minimum wage-maximum
hour laws be strengthened to include
both men and women so that no one
will be Disseminated against in the
postwar scramble for jobs.
And that when the war is won and
the war plants are still and the help
wanted" signs go down, the public will
understand that the women who worked
beside the men in war want to be part
ners in peace, too.
Evening star., 1945-07-29
BY Miriam Gutenberg

Jobs will have to be provided after
this war for 16,500,00O women and
most of them will be working because
4 they need those pay checks.
That's the estimate of Miss Mar
garet A. Hickey, chairman of the Wom-
ems Advisory Committee of the War
Manpower Commission, who would like
the male public to forget the prewar
maxims-"Just like a woman and
"Woman's place is In the home"
When people say, Just like woman"
Miss Hickey remembers the day she
was going through st. Louis factory
The foreman pointed out a middle
aged woman who didn't look very smart
in her slacks. He showed Miss Hickey
the penciled note the woman left for
him that morning:
Found telegram from the War
Department when I got home last
night. Can't talk about it yet. Just
give me more work to do today"
And when people say, "Womans
place is in the home" Miss Hickey
wants to know, what homer"
OF the l8.22O,O00 women working now,
II 100000 are unmarried.
Expected to Support Themselves
The public" said Miss Hickey, nov
expects girl to support herself between
school and marriage. Gone forever are
the girls with well-bred ineffectiveness
who lived off papa till they transferred
the burden to their husbands"
How soon those girls will find hus-
bands Is a question, too. Miss Hickey
says history and the statistics are
against them
Right now" she pointed out, there
are three marriageable American girls
in the 1884 age group to every one
potential husband.
The same thing happened after the
Civil War. A lot of women never had
chance to get married. The men
were killed of or they came back to
marry younger girls. The women Of
marriageable age when the war started
took the teaching jobs vacated by the
men. That's where the phrase old
maid school teachers originated.
The Office Wife
Then there was World War T. That
war marked great influx into the
Office and clerical fields. The office
wife came out of that war The
women we're married to their jobs
Some of our top-flight woman exec
utives Of today are those whose potential
husbands were stricken down by World
War I. They called themselves bach
elor girls wonder what they'll
call themselves this time -
Miss Hickey gave this example of
Evening star., 1945-07-29

po1Oer Commission.
Harris & Ewing Photo.
their prewar jobs-risking the insecur-
lty OF temporary work because their
country needed them.
They will need permanent jobs-just
as they did before the war-but Miss
Hickey doesn't think they'll be as much
OF problem as some of the others.
The inexperienced
She cited the girls just getting their
diplomas when the war ends. They've
had no experience at all to compete in
a tightening labor market.
In almost as difficult a position are
the women who had seven days or
seven minutes" of training on one par
ticular job that vanishes with war pro-
duction. They have little experience
and no seniority
And then there are the girls with
lob Illusions They haven't the re-
motest idea what it takes to hold
job in peacetime.
They think employers will put up
with sloppy work. INSTRUMENTATION and
a total lack of job integrity because
they've never known anything different"
said the womens adviser They won't
get by with it the minute the employer
has people in the waiting room applying
for jobs
Also caught in difficult spot are the
oiy WI,
professional education and come to
Evening star., 1945-07-29

a World War II product:
This girl read about good secretariai
jobs-let's say in Washington. Under
normal conditions, she would have
stayed in secretarial school until she
was adequately trained, but she was
offered as much as an experienced
stenographer would get after little
training.
She was poor stenographer but
she was pleasant and the employer
couldn't get better one so she held
the job. She spent her money as
fast as she made it because she was
living away from home.
She has been writing to several
soldiers and one of them has led her
to believe he wants to get married
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-11-23

Views
By Richard Gosser
Director Region 2B, UAW-ClO
FIRST CONFERENCE

FIRST CONFERENCE
Women of Region 2-B who will hold their
first education conference in Toledo on Nov.
80 and Dec l are setting fine example for
the men in the Union in their interest in what
makes the Union tick.
This conference.-the first of its kind ever
held in any region of the United Automobile
Workers-has great possibilities, not only for
the women of the Region, but for the entire
Union 1t shows that our women members are
as interested in the Union the men, and
might add, equally anxious to educate them
selves in what the Union is all about.
Women have a very definite place in the
workers organizations of America. Many of
them have made their contribution to the
progress and thinking of the Union, and show
by their attitudes a willingness to advance
themselves in Union activities and educational
programs.
BREAD AND BUTTER
Our Union is, as l have often stated bread
and butter organization 1t is interested in the
welfare of the Workers-hoW much money
they make, how many hours they work; pro-
viding work for which they are physically
fitted; securing adequate rest periods and
dozens of other considerations which affect the
lives and health of our members.
Women as workers are interested in the
same things in which all workers are inter
ested. They, too, want decent living wages,
reasonable hours, work for which they are
fitted, proper rest periods and protection from
the evils which existed for them prior to the
coming of the unions.
Women are interested in legislation which
will give them the protection of the law as it
relates to hours and kinds of work They are
interested in who makes these laws, which
means they are interested in political action.
And l might add, that they often more per-
sistent in going after these things than men.
SETTING PATTERN
In the coming Region 2B Women's Educa-
tional Conference, the women of this region
can set the pattern for future conferences and
show that they are aware of their responsible
tiles members of the Union. They will have
the opportunity to democratically express
themselves all the things which are of in
terest to them and the Union and make their
contribution to the progress of this region and
the Auto Workers.
| hope that every woman member of the
Union who can possibly do so will attend the
coming conference and take part in the i'm
portant discussions which will be held. 1 am
sure that all who do attend the conference will
find it interesting and instructive and will
carry away from it the resolve to make this
Union into greater organization for all the
working people of which it is made up.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-11-23

After days of talking delegates to the
Labor Management conference in Wash
ingtOn finally came up with tentative
plan to establish arbitration in the settle
ment of disputes. The mountain labOred
and came UP with the mouse.
Theoretically, arbitration would he the
ideal way of settling all disputes, includ-
ing international disputes, yet, despite all
the idealism of arbitration as a means OF
settling international MISUNDERSTANDING,
we still 20 on perfecting and using atomic
bombs and other means Of destroying hui
man lives and property.
Labor'S position is that compulsory ar
bitration is an evil to he avoided, yet if
labor agrees with management to submit
disputes to arbitration, it is merely doing
by another means what could just as well
be done by law. II would be expected to
live up TO it's pledge with even more sin
cerity than it might fulfill law.
For the most part labor's experience
with arbitration, even voluntary arbitra-
tion, has been far from satisfactory. II is
difficult indeed to find men whose objec-
tivity is so perfect that they can approach
a dispute and do ii full Justice. In cases
where mutual agreement exists between
corporations and unions To submit their
cases 10 arbitration, both are looking for
an impartial arbiter" who will be favor
able TO their side of the case.
One of the greatest troubles with ar
bitration has been and is the difficulty To
find men who are impartial Personally,
we doubt is such person exists.
What is true of voluntary arbitration
is even more so of compulsory arbitration,
which is possibly one of the reasons why
industry opposes the latter as sincerely as
labor does.
At any rate, il becomes increasingly
more evident that the Labor Management
conference is legislation conscious and is
striving to arrive AT a solution which will
avert legislation of the proposed Ball
Burton-Hatch type which would force
both labor and management TO submit dis
putes TO arbitration
We do not believe that arbitration is
the answer TO lsbor-management disputes
any more than we believe that the atomic
bomb will insure international peace.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-11-23
General Motors Strike

1t now appears obvious that the best
efforts of the Auto Workers leadership
will not be enough to prevent the strike
impending in the General Motors COrp0-
ration.
After weeks of negotiations in which
the Union vainly asked the corporation to
show cause why it could not grant the 81
per cent wage restoration asked by the
workers. and constant refusal of the COM
pany to open its books and prove that IL
would require price increases, it appears
quite evident that the company wishes to
force the issue to a head and come to grips
with the Union.
What lies behind the reluctance pt
General Motors to present its side OF the
case before the court of public opinion
should not be too difficult for the average
worker to understand. General Motors
can have no other purpose in mind save
that of discrediting Union leadership and
breaking the UAW-CIO.
If and when the fight comes between
the worlds largest and richest corpora
ton and the worlds largest Union, and it
now appears that il cannot be long avert
ed, il will be the opening gun, the manu-
facturers atomic bomb, designed to de-
stroy the Auto Workers Union and cast
fear into the hearts of all organized labor.
When the struggle comes, it would be
well for all workers TO remember that this
is not merely contest between the work
ers and the General Motors Corporation,
hut a battle involving the lives and rights
of every member of organized labor.
We call on the workers to unite them
selves now as never before for the pur-
pose of giving their moral and financial
support to those who are making the sacri-
flee entaiIed in combating corporation
chosen because of its size and financial
strength as the guinea pig in the struggle
to determine whether the Unions of Amer
ica shall continue to live.
Organized labor must unite itself in
what promises to be one of its greatest
tests of strength and organization. We
must not, dare not lose the General Mo-
tors strike.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1945-11-23
From The Desk
Melvin Schultz
President,
Local II. UAW-ClO
WOMEN'S CONFERENCE

On November 30th, Regional Conference
is being called for all women union members.
This conference will be held in Parlor A, Local
No. IL headquarters, beginning at 1000 a. m.
with invocation, singing and roll call. The
program has been planned very thoroughly
with variety of topics and messages which
should be of interest to all of our women
members.
During the war many women have accepted
jobs which were normally termed mems work.
In some instances there is no doubt that these
women were going beyond what should be ex-
pected of them in order that the War Effort
could be promoted to the fullest extent. Now
that the war is over, the progress of pre-war
days made for the protection of working women
must be reiAstated, at least to its former
status, and a new effort put forth to further
improve their protection.
In some instances members of our Union
take exception to the fact that the Union backs
up these laws which for the protection of
women workers. For the most part however,
these benefits are appreciated. Those who
sometime take exception, raise the question of
their protection under labor contracts par
ticularly from a seniority standpoint.
Our contracts for the most part give all
women the same seniority status, protection
and rights as is given to men under the same
contract. In few instances, the old type of
seniority setup is still in effect. These, how
ever, are to be changed in forthcoming negoti-
ations.
AGREEMENT
1t does seem to me- however, that one of
the serious problems which faces our Union is
the matter of getting women to agree among
themselves some of the proposals for their
own protection This conference, / believe, is
an initial step in achieving this goal,
The program planned for the conference
includes such prominent speakers Richard
GoSser, regional director in area for the
UAW-CIO; Lawrence Steinberg, regional di-
rector for the United Wholesale and Retail
Workers; Mildred Jeffery, director of the
Womens Bureau of the International Union,
UAW-CIO, and Vivian Musselman, industrial
secretary of the Y. w. c. A.
l would like to urge, in particular, that
every Unit which has women in its member
ship, to select one or more delegates to attend
all of the sessions of this conference and to
urge that they invite their entire membership
to attend the evening sessions and the Satur-
day sessions if they not working. The Fri
day evening session will start at $50 p. m at
the Secor Hotel and will continue through
1000 D. m. The Saturday, December 1st
sions will be from 1000 a. m. to 1890 p M,
and from 400 p. m. to 500 p. m.