davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-24
Victory Center Moved
To Grdtiot Location

The Victory Center, operated
by the Wayne County retailers
division of the u. S. Treasury war
finance committee, formerly To-
Gated at 1457 Griswold, has been
to Is Gratiot.
All public services, such as sale
of war bonds and stamps and
promotional support of the War
Chest and Red Cross, will be con-
tinued in the new quarters, accord
ing to Nate S. Shkpero, retail
chairman for the county.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-24
Romanoff's PenaIized

HOLLYWOOD, Feb. q (UP)-
a federal court order today barred
until Feb 2S, meat, fish. butter
and cheese from the menu al
Mike Romanoff's swanky restau-
rant and three other film city
cafes. The OPA accused the cafe,
Of black market activities.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-24

Order the United States War
Savings Stamps from your De-
troit Times carrier. He'll de-
liver them TO your home.
Detroit evening times., 1945-02-24

The Detroit Times has far more
nationally famous features than
any other Detroit newspaper.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08

Republican committee men for Senator
Vandenberg of Michigan and Senator
Saltonstall OF Massachusetts, than for
any others. The Michigan Senator has
made deep impression on Republicans
because of his constructive leadership,
on many subjects but particularly on
foreign policy, in the Senate and at the
United Nations Conference held in San
Francisco when the United Nations
charter was drafted.
Senator Vandenberg himself. however,
has indicated no desire whatever to be-
come q candidate for President He is
up for reelection next year, and bar
ring some political accident should win
handily. The Democrats have no strong
candidate, even were Senator Vanden-
Der not personally popular with the
voters of the State. The speculation is
that, il he is reelected, Mr.. Vanden-
berg would prefer to remain Senator
with the probability he would become
Secretary of State if Republican were
chosen President in 1913.
Senator Saltonstall is highly regarded.
To Republicans generally he represents
the best that comes out of New England.
AS of today he is by all odds Massa-
chuSetts' first choice for the presidential
nomination and he probably will have
support in some of the other Northeast
ern States. Massachusetts Republic
cans, however, are reported to be more
friendly to Capt. Stassen than they have
been in the past. They will have an
opportunity to look him over when he
goes to Boston to make an address at
Republican dinner in the near future
Mr.. Bricker too, has some support in
the Bay State.
If military man is to have chance
at the Republican nomination, Kansas
and other Midwest States are prepared
to go strongly for Gen. Eisenhower,
Allied commander in Europe and, more
recently, Chief of Staff of the United
States Army. There is a feeling among
committeeman. however, that Gen.
Eisenhower will prefer to stick to his
life's professionalism of arms-rather
than to enter the political arena.
Gen. Macarthur, should he elect to 60
into politics after he leaves Japan
would have his supporters, too, among
the committeeman. But in his case also
grave doubts are expressed he would
seek a presidential nomination.
The Republicans stress the idea that
it is too early to talk definitely about
presidential candidate to run in 1948
Their immediate task, they say. is to
clean up the congressional election next
year. Nevertheless, they do express
their opinions about potential presi-
dental nominees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

CHICAGO. Dec. 8.-Capt. Harold E.
StaSsen, U. S. N. r., out of the service
after serving in the Pacific as aide to
Admiral HalSey. in the opinion of many
members Of the Republican National
Committee, is a leader today for the
Republican presidential nomination A
survey of the committee, as it met in
Chicago for a two-day session, gives
the distinct impression that the former
Governor of Minnesota, II the Repub-
lican National Convention were held
today. would be the outstanding candi-
date for the nomination.
Next to Capt. Stassen, the same sur
vey places former Gov. John Bricker of
Ohio IN second place. Gov Dewey of
New York. the defeated candidate of
1914, admittedly has lost ground. He is
counted out of the race by many OF the
committee members as they look for
ward to 1913. Some Of those who ar
IDENTIFY supported him for the nomina-
ton last year have become critical They
criticize Gov. Dewey for the manner of
his campaign last year-but, most of
all, they insist 1t would be a mistake
to renominate defeated candidate for
President-urging, that the Republican
party has never made such nomina-
ton
Oddly enough, some Of those who
make this argument do not take into
account the fact that Mr. Bricker. as
well as Gov. Dewey. was a defeated
candidate in 1914. The difference. they
say between the position of Gov Dewey
and of Mr.. Bricker lies in the fact that
Gov. Dewey was the head of the ma
tional ticket and therefore the same
argument does not run against a 1913
presidential nomination for Mr. Bricker
That Dewey sentiment still exists,
however in some States is admitted
for example, in Wisconsin If Gov.
Dewey is renominated and reelected
Governor of New York next year-and
should win by substantial margin, no
doubt there would be recrudescence
of Dewey support. But his victory prob
ably would have to be by good margin
If this were to happen. In any event.
if Mr.. Dewey is reelected Governor and
retains control of Republican politics
in the Empire State. he and his follow
ers will have a good deal to say about
even If Dewey himself is out OF that
picture. New York Republicans are
close mouthed about a presidential
nominee at this stage. They are not
throwing in the sponge for Gov. Dewey,
nor are they turning their affections
to any other candidate
Next to Messrs. Stassen Bricker and
Dewey, there was more talk among the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08

thing more practically effective than
medals and kind words to give these
great leaders assurance of reasonable
comfort in their well-earned years of
rest. There's good precedent for so
doing. After the Civil War, for ex-
ample, the grades of general and lieu
tenant general were created on the
active list of the Army as special re-
wards for Gems. Grant and Sherman
at substantial increases in pay. After
the World War, grateful Congress
created the rank of general of the
armies for Gen. Pershing, at life
time salary of s13,500 per year, plus
allowances of $4,000.
The Senate has taken some action In
this matter, by passing the bill S-1354
which would continue for life the
active-duty pay now received by our
flve-star officers. That would mean
that they would continue, after retire.
ment, to get their allowances for ra-
tons and quarters and the personal
money allowance" which now marks the
difference between their active-duty pay
and that of major general Their
monthly rate of income would thus be
s1,225 instead OF the $500 which is now
in prospect for them.
But this bill has been held up for
months in the Military Affairs Com
mittee of the House of Representatives,
where 1t has run into opposition be-
cause some of the members are saying
''it will set precedent and will cost q
lot of money" while others say "but the
CT has no such favored position" and
still others maybe some of these fell
lows will be found to have had some
thing to do with the Pearl Harbor
disaster"
1t seems to this writer that 1t is about
time to put an end to this stupidity, to
blast this bill out of the committee and
get 1t to vote. Several Of the officers
concerned are about to retire, and time
is short. The only way to blast the bill
loose for the constituents Of the COM
mittee members to let them know how
the folks back home feel about the mat
ter In fact, all Congress members ought
to know about this.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

discriminatory" basis products valued
at not less than an aggregate amount
to be agreed upon"
Moreover, the proposals provide that
members of the ITO who have state
trading systems "agree not to create
protective margins greater than the
tariffs which may have been negotiated
in regard to those products"
The acceptance of these provisions by
Russia would mean a sharp break with
many of it's former practices. In the
past the men who run the Soviet Com
missariat of Foreign Trade have been
willy shoppers. Buying in great bulk,
they have looked the world over care
fully for bargains One of their prime
considerations has been long-term cred
its
Nor have politics been forgotten.
Russia has often placed its orders
where it wanted to build up strong
political ties.
Although the British government has
agreed to the proposals, two sections of
them are sure to arouse sharp antagon-
ism among certain British business
circles.
p Those are the sections providing for
the restriction of cartels and the aboli
ton of preferential tariffs, which ap-
pear to spell the doom of the empire
preference rates drawn up at the OF
tawa Conference.
A large section of British industry
long has operated through cartels and
considers them highly beneficial. AL
ready there has been an outcry among
an important sector of the British press
against American efforts to obtain an
ending of the Ottawa rates.
But the United States will enter the
trade conference with two strong cards.
First, the recently passed reciprocal
trade act, permitting a reduction of so
per cent in existing rates (Which would
mean total cut Of rs per cent on some
of the Smoot- Hawley rates in countries,
where we already have reciprocal trade
agreements) places this country in a
strong bargaining position.
Even more important is the fact that
America today is the worlds banker and
that virtually every commercial nation
including Russia-l looking to the
United States for loans. These two fac
tors place the United States in a strong
position to obtain the liberalized trade
policies to which the administration is
committed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
War Leaders and Paw
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

There's little matter of justice and
common decency to which the American
people ought to give their attention.
It's the matter of seeing to it that
our great commanders of this war shall
have reasonable provision for their old
age, as they retire from active service
Do you know what will happen to
them under present arrangements?
Messrs. Marshall, King, Arnold,
Leahy, Eisenhower, Macarthur, Nimitz
the flve-Star Generals of the Army
and feet admirals-will all, on retire
ment, receive only the retired pay of
major generals or rear admirals, and
no allowances: that is, $500 a month.
Our great Chief of Staff, George C.
Marshall, will retire on the same pay
as hundreds of officers who served in
subordinate positions at home and
abroad, or who retired before the war
even began. The commander in chief
of the fleet, Ernest j. King, will find
that his countrymen have no more
grateful recollection of his services than
they have for those of some obscure
rear admiral: Or at least no more prac-
teal expression of gratitude
$50
These seven men have not only served
their country with exceptional skill and
devotion; they have, by their wise lead
ership, saved the lives of uncountable
thousands Of our young men, for they
have given us the best commanded war
in all our history, the one war in which
it may definitely be said that there have
been no major plumbers which have
had to be paid for in wasted blood.
True, Gen. Marshall now has tenn
porary job as the Presidents special
envoy to China, but that will not affect
his retired pay, and he is already past
the retirement age and cannot be re-
tanned on active duty after the legal
expiration of the present state Of war.
Gems. Macarthur and Arnold, Admirals
King and Leahy, are also past the legal
retirement age and must retire very
soon. Gen. Eisenhower and Admiral
Nimitz have few years left before
their retirement will be due, but their
prospects are no better when that time
does come.
It Is high time, therefore, to do some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
Yumushitu's Crime

AICer WnaJ ne nlmSel1 QeScrlDeS
as fair trial. General Tomoyuki
YamaShita-the Tiger of Malaga"
has been sentenced to death by
an American military commission in
Manila for the crime of having
failed to control his forces in such
way as to prevent their terrible
atrocities in the Philippines.
YamaShita himself, as he con-
tended during his trial. may have
taken no personal or direct part in
the rape and slaughter, and it is
Observation-Disclosures it seems highly
improbable-that he was unaware of
what was happening. But he was
the top commander of all japanese
forces in the Philippines, and he was
therefore responsible for everything
done by them.
1t does not lessen his fundamental
guilt to say that he remained per-
sonally aloof from the sadism and
butchery or that he did not know
about them. The blood on the hands
of his subordinates was blood on his
hands as well. II he did not know
what they were doing, he should
have known. AS their commander,
it was his duty and responsibility to
know. One word from him might
have been enough to stop the terror
before it started, and If he had is
sued that word and done his best to
have 1t obeyed, he would not now be
man condemned to be hanged.
The crime, the atrocity, personally
committed by Yamashita was that
he neglected, willfully or otherwise,
to exercise his authority as it should
have been exercised, and it was from
this negligence, fundamentally, that
the crimes and atrocities of his sub
ordinates flowed. The circumstances
of the situation, as the American
commission has declared in sentence
ing him, demanded that he provide
effective control of his troops, but
he did not do this, and so the hor-
rifying brutalities took place and
were, indeed, "often methodically
supervised by japanese officers" AS
the top officer, therefore, the officer
who had the power to restrain all
those under him, he must be held at
least as accountable as any of his
underlings, and it is doubtful in the
extreme that the logic of this find
ing will be declared invalid by the
authorities to whom he may yet
appeal.
It is said that this sets precedent
in international law. II so, it is a
most wholesome precedent, and one
to be marked well by present and
future military commanders in every
land. It is a civilizing principle
which our not too civilized world
should be able to use to good advan-
tage in the years ahead.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
Air-Seu Mystery

The mystery of what happened to
missing formation of five Navy
torpedo planes in the Miami area
last Wednesday, and to patrol
plane sent in search of the group,
continues to grow, despite efforts of
hundreds of planes and scores of
ships to find the aircraft and the
twenty-seven men who were aboard
them.
What sets this apparent tragedy
apart from other noncombat acct
dents is the fact that no distress call
was received from any of the six
planes, although all were equipped
with radio. Weather conditions dur
ing most of the fatal training fight
were moderate, but it was learned
subsequently that an unprotected
freak disturbance" developed near
Miami about the hour that the
planes last reported their position
over the Atlantic.
If this sudden storm was to blame
for the disaster, it is hard to under
stand why none of the planes was
able to send out a distress call be-
fore crashing. There is the alterna-
tive possibility that the planes were
flying in tight formation in the
gathering darkness and plunged into
the sea in follow the-leader fashion,
through a miscalculation of the
leader. This might account for
the failure to send an SOS. 1t
would not. however, explain the dis
appearance of the search plane sew
eral hours later. Here is an air-sea
mystery which it is to be hoped the
Navy will succeed in solving COM
pletely, lest other flyers meet a
similar fate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
Breaking Frances Veto

Secretary of State Byrnes' an
nouncement that the American
Government contemplates drastic
action to break the deadlock caused
by French obstructionism over the
economic handling of the Reich
sharpens the tension in this unfor-
tunate diplomatic issue.
The genesis of the present con-
troversy goes back to the economic
clauses of the Potsdam agreement
made last spring between the execu-
tive heads of America. Britain and
the Soviet Union. when the big
Three" specifically provided that,
during the Allied occupation, Ger
many. though divided into separate
military zones. was to be treated as
ian economic unit" During the en-
suing months 1t has become increas-
ingly evident that such treatment is
vitality necessary if economic chaos
in the Reich is to be averted this
winter. That has been stressed in
the past fortnight by both the mill
tary and civilian heads of our occu-
pational authorities.
France was not a party to the
Potsdam agreement, having been
excluded from the conference de-
spite its vehement protests. France
was, however, subsequently admitted
to the Allied Control Council in Ber-
lin and was assigned zone of occu-
patton in Western Germany. From
that moment, the French govern
ment began pressing for a deflnitive
settlement of Germany's western
frontier similar to that already
tacitly admitted for Germany's east
ern borders. And France made it
clear that she insisted on the per-
manent severance of the Rhineland
from the Reich and the establish
ment of an international authority
over the Ruhr which would set up an
economic wall between it and the
rest of Germany. The French have
11AdOC ~ SlCd1 O1IdV U1lCy OCClll UlllS
vital for their future protection and
that they have as much right to
such security as Russia and Poland
have to theirs. Denied this satiSfac-
ton, France has taken advantage of
the unanimity rule in the councils
procedure to veto every proposed
measure for Germany's economic re-
Mobilization.
What Secretary Byrnes meditates
is proposal to Britain and Russia
that they and the United States
treat their respective zones as an
economic unit, regardless of what
France does in her relatively small
zone. This would mean summary
overriding Frances veto and imple-
menting the economic agreement
made before she was admitted to the
control council. Such action might
precipitate = diplomatic crisis witt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
Air-Minded Navy

The evolution of air power as a
dominating influence in the Nays
overall strategic planning continues
apace. as the high command re-
fleets upon lessons of the campaigns
lately concluded and seeks to adapt
naval warfare to the still-vague pat
terms of an atomic age AS Secretary
Fc-- estal stressed not long ago in
announcing the appointment OF
Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher, famed
task force commander. as deputy
chief of naval operations for air, this
is indeed an aerial evolution"
rather than revolution" The de-
veloping Importance of carrier war
fare in the Pacific was recognized
with increasing clarity as the war
still progressed toward its decisive
stages and the atomic bomb, deliv-
cred as it was by air, has served to
accelerate the trend.
The latest evidence of the Nays
-mindedness is seen in Mr.. For
restars announcement of a new plan
of Navy organization in top levels
which will result in assignment OF
veteran naval aviators not only to
high-policy posts at the Navy De-
partment but to important feet
commands in the Pacific and Allan
tic. Under this plan, Admiral John
H. Towers, the Navy's No. / aviator
who learned to fly in the days of the
Wright brothers and Glenn CurtisS
will become "Cincpac"-commandel
In chief of the Pacific Fleet-ano
Admiral Mitscher will be made com.
mander of the Eighth Fleet. in tn.
Atlantic. Three of the six key places
In the Office Of the Chief Of Nava
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
IsoIotionism Con Threaten
rom the Reaina Leader-Post

From the Regina Lesder-Post.
Isolationism has its roots in the minds
and ways of American people. AS long
as 1t is there, there will be men and
women ready to lead isolationist Ameri-
cans, express their ideas and mold them
into concrete form. And little less does
isolationism still exist In Canada. The
war demonstrated, through the rise Of
the Bloc Populaire and other groups,
that isolationism can grow and threat
en-. While events in Canada in recent
months have blunted the isolationists,
there can easily arise time and oppor-
tunity for them to reassert and spread
their views.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08
Zodiac

No,o as the earth wheels tolpard ito
morning,
Here in the clear stiffness OF FROST
rimed night,
The past clock,Dork OF stars descends
the Destern heavens:
One by one familiar consultations fall
from sight.
The tDfite net OF the Pleiades, the sail
ing stars,
And charging Taurus NTH red Aide
bdrGn's fiery eye:
Orion's glittering arnsor and diamond
Sirius at heel,
Implacably the stars and hours slip by.
Implacably and s,Dittly they close the
ledger OF day,
Silent and final as the Dery frost upon
the grass;
This SLIDER architecture OF the night Is
crumbIed noaD
TO siluer sand that settles In Times
hour glass.
FREDERICK EBRIGHT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08

The American policies on the revival
Of world trade, to which the British have
subscribed and which the two nations
will advocate at the forthcoming In
ternational Trades Congress, provide
what can well be called Magma Carta
of commerce. They are in the best
tradition of that economic liberalism
which was preached for more than a
decade by former Secretary of State
Cordell Hull.
Yet diplomatic realists, reading over
the provisions set out in the American
memorandum, spotted at once several
points which are bound to raise seri-
GUS controversy. If they are accepted
at all by some of the big commercial
powers, it will be only after long and
spirited argument and in consideration
Of either concessions or. economic
threats from the United States.
One section likely to meet strenuous
objections from Soviet Russia and the
Eastern European countries which are
now being impressed into its economic
political sphere is that relating to state
trading.
1t should be remembered that all
trading in Russia is state trading Even
the little sidewalk stalls that sell candy
and ice cream are owned by trusts.
International buying is done by gov
eminent organizations set up in each
foreign country for that purpose. In
the United States, for instance, it is
handled in normal times by Amtorg,
which is merely contraction of the
Russian words for American Trading
Co.
This section provides, with other
things, that members of the proposed
International Trade Organization en-
gagged in state trading should accord
equality of treatment to all other men,
bers"
To this end. the proposal specifies
that "state-trading enterprises shall be
influenced solely by commercial con-
siderations, such as price, quality, mar
reliability, transportation and terms Of
purchase or sale" More important, the
section provides that in return for tariff
concessions made by nations having a
system OF private trade, those having
state control shall agree to a "global
purchase arrangement" Under this ar
rangement they would agree to purchase
from members of the ITO on non
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1945-12-08

Operations will 60 to flying admirals.
Thus, in contrast to the Army's
plan of separate air force. the
Navy is moving to integrate even
further the surface and air co-ordi-
mates of its consolidated fighting
team. In the Indignation process old
concepts of naval warfare are being
discarded in favor of strategy and
tactics in which air power assumes
an all-important role. The evolu-
ton. although gradual. is nonethe-
less noteworthy and salutary.