davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-08-31
THEY CALLED IT UN-AMERICAN

would bring ruin and revolution on
the nation; they vilified him in every
way they knew-but none of it took
the people in.
1t was after the president took of
flee that the working men in this
city we speak of began to think in
terms of political action. Under the
leadership of the new president, a
period of national unity and coalition
set in and organized labor decided
that if it entered the political arena
now it could count on a broad and
solid support. This movement took
place all over the nation, but it was
especially true in this city.
In this city, labor held a great mass
meeting and launched itself as a po-
litical party. The forces of reaction
organized gangs of hoodlums to break
up meetings and to attack working
men on the street; but labor went
ahead with its plans. Delegates were
elected to citywide convention and
the convention drew up broad polit-
ical platform. Here it is:
Public meetings for the purpose of
cooperation in the management of
elections have been sanctioned by
orally admitted to be consistent with
the character of popular governments
and in this country particularly it may
safely be assumed that what is lawful
in such cases for any portion of the
community, cannot be less so for the
working classes.
ut has also been the practice with
men of similar views and pursuits to
concentrate their strengths and tai
ents in order to secure to themselves
the political guardianship of their pc
culiar interests The advantages re-
sulting from the exercise of this priv
ilege have hitherto escaped notice of
the majority of working men.
But, instructed by the experience
of past errors and misfortunes :.
they are determined henceforth to
take the management of their own in
terests, as class, into their own i'm
mediate keeping, and with this view
propose the following resolutions
preparatory to arrangements for the
ensuing general elections.
Resolved, that this meeting recon-
mend to the mechanics and working
men of the city to support only such
men TO rcity councils and state legis-
lature, as shall pledge themselves in
their official capacity to support the
interests and claims of the working
classes.
Resolved, that we pledge ourselves
not to permit the measures growing
out of this meeting to interfere with
the arrangements of either of the |
parties in relation to the |
question or congressional |
election Resolved, that four district |
of the city be held for the |
purpose of choosing delegates to form
a ticket to be supported by mechanics
and working men at the next general |
elections. Resolved, that this meet |
ing respectfully recommend to the |
several district meetings to confine
in their choice of delegates
mot candidates) entirely to working
men,"
These were the resolutions, and
hereby labor entered politics. The
method was to support candidates of
both parties, depending on how they
stood on vital issues. In the first
election after the organization of la
)or in this city as political force,
abor-supported candidates made a
good showing; but the chief value of
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-08-31
Regional

tCOntlnueu from rage Onet
braska Committee for MVA at the reg
ional conference in Omaha July
land 7, series of debates is under
way.
Carlyle Hodgkin, editor of the Ne
braska Union Farmer, representing
the proponents in a debate held un
der the auspices of the Lincoln, Nebr
League of Women Voters, August %
termed MVA progressive idea both
in the field of resource development
ment."
''In resource development, it re
places the old piece-meal method with
new principle of unity" Hodgkin
said. "In the art and practice of gov
eminent, it represents decentraliza-
ton of government authority into the
area of operation. NV is better
way of doing the things that nearly
everybody agrees need to be done"
His opponent was Charles C. Clay
ton of st. Louis, Mo-, newspaper
man closely associated with the Mis-
sissippi Valley Association, spokes-
man for navigation interests uncon-
cerned with comprehensive, integrated
valley development.
F. c. Radke, Lincoln attorney who
is chairman of the Nebraska Commit
tee for MVA, will debate Everett Win
ter, manager of the Missouri River
Division of the Mississippi Valley AS
sociation August % in a public meet
ing sponsored by the Nebraska City
Junior Chamber of Commerce. The
Missouri River Division was set up
this spring, with offices in Omaha,
exclusively for purposes of fighting
MVA. R. V. Graft of Bancroft, Nebr.
another member of the Nebraska MVA
committee, is scheduled to speak at
Lyons, Nebr., August 26.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1945-08-31
By HOWARD FAST
(Reprinted from Readers Scope
via Federated Press)

via Federated Press
In so many words, the working foll
of the city were tired of being pushed
around; they were tired of being gov
erned by politicians who thought only
of politics and graft and never of the
people and what the people needed
and wanted.
The working people in this city
built the houses and laid the streets
they worked in the foundries, at the
FORCES and in the mills; the clothes
the people wore were the products
of their hands, as were the books, the
newspapers, the plumbing and the
furniture. However, all that had been
taken for granted these many years,
and it was only recently that the
working people had come to think
about those things.
And when they came to think about
Them their thinking was transformed
into action. They looked at the
schools where their children were
taught = supposedly = and found the
schools were a mockery. Why, the
schools did not even teach the history
of their country as they knew that
history to be; and they knew the his
tory WELL by their own experience:
twice had the older ones among them
taken up arms in the service of their
country. They looked at their homes
anod found they were living in novels.
They looked at the wage situation
nj Viii
up steadily, their wages did not rise
CORRESPONDENCE
At that time, at first, their unions
weren't very strong. Unions were a
new thing, a strange thing although
there had been unions before; here,
in this city, they were fairly new.
The newspapers dashed out at the new
unions as a foreign importation; the
union leaders were called vicious agi-
tators and foes of American democ-
racy. Every vile SANDER that could
be invented was invented and hurled
against these working men who were
forming the trade unions
The working people, however, were
not inundated. When all of the
newspapers turned against them, they
raised money at mas smeetings-pre-
cious little money - and established
their own press Presently, they used
the strike weapon; in industry after
industry their struck, and each time
they won little more, shorter work
ing hours, better pay, better working
conditions.
Now all Of this was in a period
when they stood alone, when the
strike was their only weapon-and in
this period they could not even think
of political action to give them the
social and political gains they had
thought of. But then something hap
pened A great Democratic president
was elected-a man in the full tradi-
ton Of Jeffersonian democracy.
After his election they waited to
see what he would do. He did lot. |
Right and left, he struck out against
reaction, against entrenchment, against |
all the forces in the nation who were |
working for the destruction of the |
nation. And he was not alone
1t is true that part of big business
was against him, but the majority of
business was for him, just as the huge |
majority of the working people and |
the farmers were for him. Most of |
the press was against him, the press
called him dictator; they said he
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Mitscher Pilots
Shot Down I, $40
Planes in Drive

Pilots of Vice Admiral Marc A
MitScher's Task Force So shot down
/ $40 japanese planes between
March IA and May 28 while opening
and supporting the OkinaWa opera
ton, the Navy announced today. An
additional GIG enemy planes were
destroyed on the ground and another
900 enemy planes were listed as
probably destroyed or damaged.
Ir addition TO these 3259 planes
the airmen sank 220 vessels, prob
ably sank $50 and damaged 759
during the same period. In surface
engagements ships of this force sank
two submarines. damaged another
and sank a coastal vessel. The
ships destroyed by aircraft included
the pride of japanese Navy, the
40 ,OOO-ton battleShip Yamato, and
an Agano class heavy cruiser.
On April 6. the Navy added, 249
Japanese planes were shot down
with a loss of two in Task Force So
On April 12 173 Japs were knocked
out of the air, at cost of 6 United
States planes. On April Is, the en-
envy lost I'll planes, as against two
of the Task Force, while on May 4,
102 enemy planes went down to 4 OF
ours
Evening star., 1945-07-23
picture ON Page A-f2.)

Three Charleroi, Pa, youths were
injured last night when an arm
supporting a car on the Octopus,
circular ride at the Glen Echo
amusement park. broke and spilled
them approximately 10 feet to the
ground.
The youths, all of whom were Wis
iting Eugene Gross, 8413 Grove
street. Silver Spring. were listed as
Carmen Di Marco IT; William Tit
ler, II, and Thomas Cairns, about
18. None of them was critically in
jured.
According to officials of the park
the riders were hurled to the ground
when a 4-inch channel iron sup
porting bar snapped. They said the
bar probably had crystallized.
L. B. Schloss, park manager, said
the cars are made to carry three
persons each and that only three
persons were in the car.
The Octopus, one of the most pop
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Last Disabled Veterans
To Be Returned This Week

The Army has done better that
lis goal of bringing home every
sick or wounded soldier in the
European theater within 80 days
after D day and expects to have
them all evacuated by the end of
this week, Assistant Surgeon Gen.
eral Raymond w. Bliss announced
yesterday.
Indicating. a shortage of Army
hospital facilities in this country,
Gen. Bliss said that at the be-
ginning of July the patient census
of Army general and convalescent
hospitals was 100000 while total
bed capacity was only 215,000.
Most of the 100000 disabled
soldiers in Europe on D day were
brought home in so days, he re-
ported. Some $4,000 were returned
May, $4,000 in June and the July
Evening star., 1945-07-23
3 Youths Injured in 1O-Foot Fall
As OCTOPUS at Glen Echo Breaks

ular rides at the amusement center,
consists of eight cars attached to
opposite ends of iron rods. AS the
cars rotate about a central shaft
they rise and fall on alternate sides
At the top of the rise the cars are
about Is feet high.
Oficials said this is the first ac-
cident in the two years the ride
has operated. The ride will be kept
out of operation pending thorough
inspection, it was said.
At Providence Hospital officials
described the condition of. two of the
youths as good" They said the
Titler youth suffered cut over his
eye and body bruises. The Cairns
youth suffered a possible fracture
of the hip
At Georgetown Hospital where the
Dimarco youth was taken, attend
ants said he suffered a broken
jaw, deep cuts on the chin, lips and
cheek and a possible conclusion.
Montgomery County Building In
(See GLEN ECHO, Page AID
Evening star., 1945-07-23
.0DT Chief Says
Shift in Troops
Imperi|sFreight
Railroads Unable
To Handle Both,
Johnson Declares
BY J. A. O'LEARY.

The War Departments rede-
ployment program cannot be
carried out by United States
railroads if War-vital freight also
is to be moved, Col. J. Monroe
Johnson, director of the Office
of Defense Transportation, told
the Senate War Investigating
Committee today.
Asserting manpoWer is the most
critical aspect of the current trans
portation crisis, Col. johnson said:
1T will be impossible for the
Western railroads to redeploy the
troops and move the freight load"
The Army drafted a l0-month
redeployment program without con-
sulting him, he testified and since
has speeded up the return Of troops
without notifying ODT.
Policy Change Blamed.
Col Johnson's statement came
on the heels of a dispatch from
Europe last night that next month
the Army expects to make a 40
per cent cut in the number of troops
brought back TO the United States
in July, and use the ships to send
military units direct from France
to the Pacific war theater. Col.
Johnson placed the number of men
being brought to the United States
this month at $4,000.
The Senate committee, led by
Chairman Mead. is trying 10 deter
mine if all Government agencies
that aid in arranging troop move
ments are cooperating. fully.
The committee alreacy has held
several closed conferences. but de-
cided to go forward with open dis
| cuSsions following a floor debate in
/ the Senate Saturday.
/ In letter to Senator Lucas, Demo-
crat, of Illinois, J. j. Pelley, preSi-
dent of the Association of American
Railroads, said delivery on the first
of l 200 special troop-sleeper cars
is expected in September. The con-
struCtiOn of these cars was author
lied by the War Production Board
after Germany surrendered.
Mr Pelley told Senator Lucas that
/ passenger travel on the railroads this
year probably will be close to five
times that of prewar years, but is to
be carried in virtually the same
number of coaches and sleeping
cars.
This years load will probably be
nearly wo-and-a-half times tina.
of the peak year of the First World
War" he continued, but it is TO be
carried with approximately 30 pc;
cent fewer passenger carrying cans
than were then available.
This Shrinkage in the number G.
railroad passenger cars between tht
First World War and the beginnlnS
of the second one was due to tht
fact that in that period large par
of all travel had come to be made b.
other means of transportation, ans
especially by private autombile
Consequently, there were feWe,
railroad passenger cars because
there was less need for them"
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Move 10 Force Action
On MargoId Fails

An eleventh-hour effort to force
the nomination of Municipal Court
Judge Nathan r. Margold to be an
associate justice of District Court
onto the Senate floor for action, be-
fore the Senate takes its summer
recess, was made in the Senate Ju-
dietary Committee today, and ap-
pareptly failed,
The move was made by Senator
Chandler, Democrat, of Kentucky.
prime supporter in the committee of
Judge Margold, who moved to dis
charge a Judiciary Subcommittee
from consideration of the nomina-
ton, which has been pending since
early this year.
At the conclusion of a two-and-a-
half hour executive session, unusual
in length, Chairman McCarran told
reporters the Chandler motion had
fallen by the wayside." Whether
the Kentucky Senator would carry
his fight to the Senate floor was not
at once known.
Evening star., 1945-07-23
By the Associated Press.

PARIS, July 23.-Disorder
broke out today in a courtroom
where Marshal Henri Philippe
Petain was making a plea before
a special court trying him for
his life. French police cleared
the court and made arrests
among the spectators.
The 89-year-old marshal, proudly
wearing the medals France had
given him. made what he said would
be his lone statement of defense to
capital charges of intelligence with
the enemy and plotting against the
security of France, both before and
after he became chief of state of
the Vichy regime.
While Gen. De Gaulle continued
the struggle abroad, I prepared the
road to liberation" he argued
The courtroom disturbance re-
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Bradley Flies Here
ToBeginVe Job
BY the Associated Press.


Gen. Omar N. Bradley flew un-
heralded into Washington yesterday
to take over direction of the. Vet
eranS' Administration.
The general is reported to have
talked over his new job with Presi-
dent Truman at the Big Three meet
ing in PotSdam, before he flew home.
The War Department said in a
statement last night that Gen. Brad
ley will assume his new duties
August Is, and until that time will
remain at an undisclosed place. He
came here from New York, but no
one met him on his arrival.
His military aide explained that
Gen. Bradley had not taken a vaca-
ton in IL or 13 years and was badly
in need Of rest" the Army statement
added.
Gen. Bradley has been confirmed
by the Senate but has not taken the
oath.
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Warning 10 laps Seen
AS Hint Of Action by
Russia in Pacific
U. S. Position CIeor
As Big Three Talks
Enter Second Week
By the Associated Press.

POTSDAM, July ga broad
cast American surrender ulti-
matum to Japan was viewed by
many competent observers here
today as a thinly yelled warning
to the enemy that Soviet parti-
cipation-at least to some ex-
tent-in the Pacific war is i'm
mlnent.
1t was known here that the Satur-
day night short-wave broadcast
from Washington was authorized by
President Truman and was cleared
in PotSdam at the Little White
House. Significance was attached
to the warning to Japanese leaders
that they would not be able to deal
with the United States alone un-
less they surrendered promptly.
President Trumans position now
was squarely before the Pacific
enemy as the Big Three confer
ence entered its second week. Vic
tory over Japan is the President S
prime objective in this conference
Japan has been told that she must
suffer the responsibility for any
further hostilities when the time
comes for postwar settlements.
Progress Being Made.
Meanwhile, as the President met
daily with Prime Minister Churchill
and Premier Stain, unofficial re-
ports emanating from the confer
ence area indicated that satisfactory
progress was being made toward set
tlement of many issues such as the
feeding of Germany, reparations
boundaries and other problems.
The Big Three held a Sunday ses-
sion yesterday, their sixth meeting
since the opening of the conference
and it was devoted to work on prob
lens of peace, the American delega-
ton announced.
Whether the conference could be
concluded this week was anybody's
guess The President is anxious tc
return to the United States promptly
to report to Congress, and Mr.
Churchill is anxious to be in London
by Thursday for report on the
British national elections.
Qn London it was expected
that Mr.. Churchill, leader of the
Conservative party, and Glenn
ent Attlee, Labor party leader,
would return Wednesday night
from Potsdam. 1t was believed
that should the Churchill gov
eminent get a working majority
(See BIG THREE. Page ABB
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Disorder Breaks Out in Court
Trying Marshal Petoin for Life
Room Cleared, Some Spectators Arrested;
Defendant Claims He Aided Liberation

suited from an alteration between
Prosecutor Andre Mornet and de-
fense attorneys.
There are too many Germans In
this ROOM" M. Mornet shouted.
Catcalls, protests and cries OF
Justice" rang from all sides OF the
crowded room especially from the
benches where lawyers were seated
Jacques Isorny. defense counsel,
demanded a formal apology and M.
Mornet retorted:
Il said there are too many people
here serving the German cause. l
didn't say they were Germans, but
l consider them as the same thing.
Again the courtroom erupted with
shouts and spectators rose.
The court then ordered the hear
ing suspended and police started
making arrests.
The public. which had attended
(See PETAIN, Page A-3D
Evening star., 1945-07-23
Ey the Associated Press.

LONDON, July 23-The Moscow
radio said today that Reichsmarshal
Herman Goering, Grand Admiral
Karl Doenitz and Foreign Minister
Joachim Won Ribbentrop were "rest-
ing in luxury in a Luxembourg
palace" where they were growing
even fatter and more insolent."
The broadcast referred to the
Palace Hotel at Mondorf, Luxem-
bourg, where So leading Nazis are
held by the United States Army.
This animal preserve for Hitler's
breed" said the commentator, is
situated "in picturesque environs far
from inquisitive eyes.
There the notorious war GRIM
inals Goering, Doenitz, Ribbentrop
and others of their ilk' are resting
in luxury in a palace after their
bout OF sanguinary carnage. Moth
ing but the finest vintages and the
finest foods will do for them. After
so much hard work these poor fell
lows must be allowed to rest and
the latest model automobiles are
t'>"irs tc drive around the grounds
Evening star., 1945-07-23
.Aussie Force Gains
In New Borneo Drive
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MANILA, July 23-Australian
7th Division troops, in Smile am
phibious operation, landed in the
mangrove swamps at the head Of
Balikpapan Bay in Southeastern
Borneo and pushed inland against
no resistance, Gen. MacArthur'S
headquarters reported today.
The Australians seized the vii
lage of Tempadeong and then ad-
vanced southeast to the village OF
Berangoe as they and Dutch Co.
lonial troops extended the campaign
to secure fullest control of tha5
oil-rich country. japanese barges
hidden in the broad Riko River arm
of Balikpapan Bay south of the
landing sector were shot up by
rocket firing Allied landing craft.
In North Borneo, where the Aus
tralian 9th Division is pressing
slowly toward the enemy base o.
Jesselton, United States 18th Air
Force and Royal Australian Air
Force planes sank small japanese
freighter off shore and bombed ana
strafed Jesselton itself. Ground op-
erationS in the north, some 80 miles
southwest of Jesselton, we're con-
fined to patrolling.
Evening star., 1945-07-23
BudgetDireotorO Urged
Removal Of Navy Men
From St. Elizabeth
Smith Reveals Letter
Dated in Moy Which
Suggested ronsfer
By MIRIAM GUTENBERG.

Budget Director Harold D,
Smith disclosed today he was
responsible for a presidential
directive to the Secretary of the
Navy instructing him to stop
sending naval patients to St.
Elizabeth's Hospital and to
withdraw more than 1000 al
ready in the mental hospital.
Confirming the White House ac-
ton reported in yesterdays Star,
Mr.. Smith disclosed correspondence
dated in early May to show his po-
Sition.
He said he had not suggested a
place for the Navy to send personnel
removed from the hospital and
added that we weren't concerned
about that" A spokesman for the
Bethesda Naval Hospital told The
Star st. Elizabeth's was the only
mental hospital in this section
where it could send mentally i'll
naval personnel.
Mr.. Smith made it clear that his
insistence on removing the naval
personnel had nothing to do with
the recent disclosures of two sud-
den deaths of sailors at the hos
pital, but only was concerned with
the institutions facilities.
He made public letter to Fed
.eral Security Administrator Paul
McNutt, dated May 2, in which he
warned that unless efforts were made
to reduce the population of the in
stitution, the Budget Bureau would
approve no appropriations for the
hospital outside of operating ex-
penses. AS of June 80, st. Eliza
beth's had 1856 patients,
Mr.. Smith tolls Mr.. McNutt, who
administers st. Elizabeth's Hospital,
he was convinced that when men,
5al hospital goes beyond $500 beds
(See ST ELIZABETH Page A-6)