davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Freedoms Essential
To u. S. Flight

You will recall that the delegates
recognized the fact that freedom
of the air" was not as simple thing
as freedom of the seas" because
vessels stop at frontiers since ship
lanes lead only from harbor to har-
Dor, while aircraft crosses borders
and passes over the sovereign terri
tory of foreign nations.
Thus it was necessary to divide
the perquisites of the airways into
five freedoms. The first two are the
right of innocent passage-right to
fly over country, and the right to
land for non-traffic purposes-that is
to stop at foreign airport for re-
fuelling or other facilities. These
two are essential to America since
our aerial ambitions encircle the
globe, and that can't be done. either
from practical or a profitable
standpoint. in one jump.
Because Of complications which I
will mention later, involved in the
other freedoms, the first two were
grouped in one form Of multilateral
agreement drawn up at Chicago.
The other three freedoms, en-
braced in the second agreement,
were described as follows; the right
to disembark passengers. mail and
freight from the country of origin C.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Propaganda, He'll"

THE STORIES being told by
Allied prisoners of war, freed
by the quick advance of Allied
armies, contain amazing recitals
of scruelties inflicted upon them
during captivity and apparently
establish, beyond reasonable doubt,
that the mistreatment of prisoners
of war was intentional and repre-
SCENTS a deliberate policy adopted
by the Nazis.
Those who were kicked, flogged,
starved and over-worked were the
lucky prisoners. Packed into filthy
quarters and in box-cars, the pris-
oners suffered from lice and dis
ease. At times. they were forced
to march long distances, improp-
erly clothed, improperly fed and
without protection from the
weather or the hazards of warfare.
Space is not available to repeat
the horrible recital of individuals
who lived through this torment and
i .
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

In previous column set forth
the achievements of the conference
on international aviation. imple-
mentation of which it is hoped will
be reached by a second gathering
in May, probably before the United
Nations deliberations at San Fran
cisco have been concluded. / set
forth certain views on the accom-
plishments of the first aviation
gathering, as expressed by 1t. Col.
William Mitchell of the army air
force. which, although they were
his own and not the official opinions
of the government, were known to
represent the attitude of number
Of high air force officials.
I think that the satisfaction ex-
pressed by Colonel Mitchell. in what
has already been accomplished to-
ward establishing the freedom of
the air." reflects the general feel
ings of the industry. Although the
point was not expressly brought
out in the comment in military cir
cles, l believe the one thing which
pleased the industry was the fact
that conference, supervised as it
was by government official (then
Assistant Secretary of State Adolph
Berle). had built framework with
in which private enterprise and bust
ness and technical ingenuity could
be rewarded and not fenced in"
by restrictive bureaucratic regula-
tion
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Unusual Story

TT is AN unusual story that
comes from Washington, where
the death of a woman author, at
the age of n, led to the discovery
Of the body of her mother, who
had been dead for thirty-three
years, in a mahogany coffin, in a
back bedroom.
1t is difficult for people of ordi-
nary intelligence to understand
the mental quirks that move the
behavior of other human beings.
Apparently, the daughter was
anxious to prevent the separation
Of herself and her mother.
So far as we can judge, her
eccentricity injured no other per-
son and if it suited her, it ought
to suit the rest of us.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Agreements Reached
On Technical Norms

There were other questions con-
corning technical standards and the
future admission of devastated
countries unable to furnish facili-
ties for airports, that were settled,
and the mooted points mentioned,
all of which were met with what
might be called substantial agree
ment. Both forms of agreement Zone
with the first two freedoms, the
cther-all five) provided that the
country whose territory is involved
may designate the routes and air.
ports used; but charges for use of
airports may not be greater than
those imposed on its own airports
engaged in similar international
services.
In addition to these agreements
the diagram for the international or
ganization was laid down in the
form of treaty which must be ap-
proved by the various countries.
This organization is composed of an
assembly, on which each nation
would have one vote, and a coun-
Gil of Is members, 2 from the Brit
ish Commonwealth, q from the
Soviet Union, from the United
States, each from Brazil Chile
and France, and the remaining
to be elected on a regional basis.
The council would act as a clear
ing house for information and would
provide minimum uniform technical
standards but would have no power
over commercial matters. An in
term council was also proposed, to
function until the permanent or
ganization is created, but not more
than three years.
America has great stake in the
outcome of the San Francisco con-
ference. 1t has a great stake in in.
ternational aviation, too. I'VE have
learned and must not forget" said
General Arnold in speaking of
the air transport service, ''from
now on air transport is an essential
of air power, in fact of all national
power.
Thirteen out Of every 20 American
high school students expect to leave
their home towns and live else.
where, after they have completed
their education. This is revealed in
a nationwide survey just completed
by the Institute of Student Opinion
under the sponsorship of Scholas-
tic magazine.
Better job opportunities else
where. either in general or in their
chosen fields of work, is the main
reason for leaving. according to the
student voters.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
LOOKING
AM4D
~ GEORGE S. BENSON
i Rrxsiaenf59analagE college
. Sea1cE sArkaHS9S
Social Justice
Y GEORGE 6 BENSON

Against 100 million potential en-
tries in race the winner must be
pretty good excellent, in fact.
That's why occasional winners in
Americas business competition
have been so distinguished. Out of
100 million, they we're best in their
line. Nobody is barred from COM
petition in America. Anybody can
take part who feels fit and has the
urge.
Enterprise has been free here
since 1776. Education was free in
some parts of the country even ear
lier than that. By keeping the doors
to competition wide open; by equal
izing, as far as possible, opportu-
mites to qualify for the game, Uncle
Sam has managed to discover his
most competent people automatical.
ly and quickly. Besides. he keeps
the sport attractive by rewarding
winners quite lavishly sometimes.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Suicide Pilots
FROM RUNNING, China, &C

FROM CUMMING, China, comes
reports of new type of suicide
plane, now being constructed by
the japanese on a large scale, to
replace regular planes that Japa-
nese suicide pilots have been load
ing with explosives and crashing
into American warships.
In the new plane, according to
reports, the pilot sits in the CEN
ter, locked into his cockpit from
the outside, without parachute.
The wheels automatically drop
when the plane leaves the ground,
and the pilot, unable to bail out
or land without an explosion, is
doomed.
While there has been little Off
cial information as to the nature
of Japanese offensive attempts
against our ships in the Far Pa
cific, it is quite probable that the
enemy will attempt to inflict dam
age by the use of suicide pilots.
The only protection for a ship
is to prevent suicide planes from
getting into position for the final
drive. This means that the enemy
plane must be shot down before it
reaches the target area, which is
an almost impossible defensive
task, especially when we consider
that attacks can be made at night,
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Underground Nazi
Factory
THE CAPTURE Of dc Nazi fac

THE CAPTURE of the Nazi fac
tory, 900 feet underground,
which was expected to produce
fusilages for 700 jet-fghter planes
a month, reveals the extent to
which the Nazis, in order to avoid
damage from aerial bombings, at
tempted to put essential establish
inents underground.
Of course, the Germans did not
have sufficient time to put their
war industries under the earth,
but, when faced with the over
whelming aerial offensive of the
Allies, they made an attempt to
salvage as much as they could.
The factory captured by the Sec
ond Armored Division was in an
active salt mine, with something
like 1000 workers being employed
800 feet below ground level,
1t may be assumed that in the
event the Germans manage to
undertake some further effort at
world domination, the leaders of
the fighting Teutons will arrange
before the conflict starts, to install
war industries underground.
In fact, unless the nations of
the earth manage to form some
Kind of security organization, in
which the peoples can place their
trust, the prospects are that all
nations, vulnerable to such aerial
attacks, will establish war indus
tries underground. This will pre-
vent a surprise attack from in
fficting decisive damage.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Problem Of Education
"THE PROBLEM of American

THE PROBLEM of American
education is not to secure ade-
quate financing" declares DIR.
Allan v. Heely, but Ito set up a
system of schools good enough to
be worth financing"
The New York educator thinks
that American education is "aim-
less, unorganized and purposeless"
and adds that while Federal funds
are indispensable" to the solution
of education's postwar problems,
the gift of such money at the pres
ent time to the States to use as
they please will be money thrown
away.
There will be many persons to
agree with the outspoken senti-
ments quoted above, but a consid-
cradle number will demur to the
indictment of the educational sys-
tenn.
1t is. no doubt, quite true that
the system of education now prac-
ticed is not perfect. The same
can be said for the attempts of
the home and the church to pro-
duce an improved human race.
There are many factors to be con-
sidered in appraising our institu-
tons which, on the average, per-
form about as well as the people
demand.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
Five Freedoms Destined
To Spur World Air Travel
Differences Between American Traditions
Of Free Flight and European Concepts
Of Regulation Composed at Farley.
BY BAUKHAGE
Neios Analyst and Commentator.

the aircra1 to emb
passengers, man ana freight des.
tined for the country of origin of the
aircraft; and, in addition, at the sug-
gestion of Canada, a fifth freedom
was added in the form Of certain
provisions of right of entry and tech
nical regulations.
OF course, Russia's last-minute re-
fusal to attend the Chicago confer
ence was great disappointment to
all concerned, but the reconciliation
of what appeared at first to be a
sharp difference between the United
Kingdom and the United States,
finally reconciled through the 'hon-
est broker" efforts of Canada, was
considered a great achievement.
Hope exists that a successful out.
come of the United Nations negoti-
ations will bring the Soviets into
the fold.
The clash between the British and
the American viewpoints is de-
scribed this way by one of the
American observers at the confer
ence who has been working steadily
for the contamination of the Chi
cago plans:
In the United States" he said,
1--WE have always looked upon air
transport primarily as an instru-
ment of trade. We are still a young
country with an expanding and high
ly competitive economy and with
no bitter memories of recent bomb
ings of our homeland. The British
viewpoint, which was shared to
some degree by many European
countries, reflected mature and
stabilized economy, TO be parcelled
out among those participating in it,
plus fear Of explosive internation-
al rivalries. Canada's position pos
sibly reflected British desires. plus a
fear of being crowded out by its
more powerful neighbor under a
system of unrestricted competi-
ton.
The United States was seeking
an opportunity for free commercial
intercourse between nations. with
resulting benefits to all of them
the other two countries britain and
Canada) were seeking protection
against cut-throat competition and
international mistrust."
Reducing these different points of
view to specific operational plans,
boiled down largely to whether or
not global authority would be set
up which would govern the location
of international routes. regulate the
"frequencies" number of flights or
stops, which is where the competi-
ton comes im and rates. In fact
this central authority as the Brit
ish viewed it would have even more
authority over internal air activity
than our own Civil Aeronautics
board, which cannot limit frequen.
cies at home. In our domestic serv.
ices a line may make as many
flights as it can get pay-load for.
The United States on the other
hand wanted everything except
transit and non-traffic stops worked
out separately between the countries
! conco~oed.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
THURSDAY, MAY 3, 1945.

are now recuperating but it is easy
to understand the Impotence of
an American Lieutenant Colonel,
who was a captive for ten months
and now worries because his
friends "back home" probably will
not believe his stories.
The officer admits that before
Pearl Harbor he took dispatches
about German atrocities with a
grain of salt and put them down
as propaganda" but adds, ex-
plosively, Propaganda, help
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

Keep cool enough metal has
been released by the WPB to make
$4,000 electric fans this quarter.
The owl releases the following
figures on Japanese naval strength:
Total personnel: 100000 afloat and
ashore; losses, 262, 900, including u.s.
600 naval air forces. The Jap sailor
is rated as a good fighter. well-edu-
Gated and trained.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

In other words, the United States
felt that if an airplane company
could offer more to patron, re-
gardless of where he wanted ~ get
aboard or get off, that con 2any
ought to have the right to thy to
show to the country where the get
ting on and off would take place,
that it was mutually advantageous
to let that particular line have the
business.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

Nazis have been ordered to knock
out the teeth of rumor-mongers.
A report from Switzerland says
that an anti-Nazi youth gang
sabotaged the demolition charges in
the Remagen bridge. Heinrich
Himmler has issued a warning
against these groups which he says
are sometimes led by foreign
adults.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
0N~N~~pv@pNNNNNNNN~NNNNN
Improved n SUNDAY
Uniform o~ro0r
International CNHOOA
: LESSON =
BY HAROLD L. LUNDQUIsT. D. d.
OF The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Lesson for May 6

Lesson subjects and Scripture texts Sc:
lected and copyrighted by international
Council of Religious Education; used by
permission,
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

The conference now going on in
San Francisco has more to do
with thefaverage citizen than a. C.
suspects.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

This is the second OF series Of
articles on the Freedom Of the dir"
first OF 0hich appeared in this col
umn last ,Ueek.)
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03
THE HEBREW MONARCHY
AT ITS HEIGHT

LESSON TEXT Kings 9:1.7, 20; 10:
1928; liza. IL.
GOLDEN TEXT-Blessed is the nation
whose God is the Lord.-Psalm 33:12
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

Repeating customers assure
business success. advertising
makes customers repeat.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

There are customs, in various
areas and among various people,
that attest the imbecility Of man.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, ID. c.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

paDls1I ans PaDM 6DlA sq4
a7ZZnd adlL0Id OIL NOILnTOS
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1945-05-03

BUY MORE WAR BONDS
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1945-05-03
Italy Troops
See Transfer
Continued from Page y

prisoners before fighting ended.
Trieste was entered yesterday.
General Sir Bernard Freyberg, COM
mander of the New Zealand divi-
sion, accepted the surrender of the
German garrison at 4:3O p. m.
In Rome, Italian reaction to the
surrender news was dampened by
the developments at Trieste. Prem
Ter Ivanoe Bonomi pointed out in
his message of thanks to Marshal
Sir Harold Alexander that beyond
the Isonzo other Italians eagerly
await liberation
II Popolo, Christian Democrats
paper, and Liberia Stampa, organ OF
the liberals, both carried editorials
calling for an Italian Trieste and
ignored the surrender editorially.
There were no cheers or street
demonstrations.
Both Gen. Mark w. Clark, Allied
ground forces commander, and 1t
Gen. Joseph T. McNarney, his dep
uty, warned their victorious troops
that "the last foe"-Japan-remaln-
ed to be crushed.
The war is not over Clark said
in triumphal order Of the day
There remains the all important
task of inflicting a similar, COM
plete defeat on our remaining enemy
Japan. Each one of us in 18th
army group must continue without
pause to give full measure OF effort
to that task wherever we may be
called upon to serve
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1945-05-03

Washington May 3 - CUP -
President Truman vetoed legisla-
ton today to defer large numbers
of agricultural workers. He said it
would be an injustice to thosa al
ready indicted or about to be in
Quoted.
The joint resolution, introduced
by Rep John A. Flanagan, D., Va.
chairman of the House Agriculture
Commute, was designed to halt in
duction of farm workers who are
deemed necessary to agriculture.
President Truman said this
would be a marked departure from
the sound principles thus far ad-
hered to under the original selec-
tive service provision barring de-
ferments for occupational groups.
The sole test under the law Is
whether the individual can better
serve his country in the armed
forces or in an essential activity in
support of the war effort the
president said in his veto message.
This provision is the foundation
stone of our selective service sys-
tenn under which over l0,0000 600
mne have been selected for the COL
ors to make the greatest military
force in the history of this ma
ton"
The bill, he said, would single
out one special class of our citizens,
the agricultural group, and put it
on a plane above both industrial
occupation and military service"
He said he did not believe Con-
gress really intended to give blan-
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1945-05-03

Continued from Page y
Alexander Markevicz, 81, sentence
ed June 10, 1910 to serve Is to 10
years on a charge of rape; nine
months off earned for good behavior
first petition.
Baron J. Torkomian, SO, sentenc-
ed to serve 20 to so years March g,
1881 on charge Of rape and admin
istering a drug with intent to COM
nit rape; 8 months off earned for
good behavior; third petition.
Antonio Soares, AZ, convicted
April IA, 1912 on a morals charge
and sentenced to serve two TO four
years; first petition.
Michael Churchelow, 81, convicted
May "a, 1914 to serve five to seven
years on charge Of rape; two
months off earned for good behav-
ior; first petition.
Charles Chicorelli, 70, convicted
Feb. /, 1943 on six counts of indie
cent assault, and sentenced to serve
five to II years; four months off
earned for good behavior; second
petition.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1945-05-03
CurIey Trial
Tabled Again

Washington, May 3-CUP)-The
mail fraud trial of Rep. James M
Curley, D., Mass, and six associates
of Engineers Group, Inc, again
was postponed today, possibly until
next fall.
Nikolas j. Chase, Curley'S attor-
ney, told the district court that Cur
ley still is in Bethesda Naval hos
pital and is likely to be confined
for another week or 10 days" The
70-year-old congressman, former
governor of Massachusetts, and for
mer mayor of Boston, is suffering
from a gall bladder disturbance and
diabetes, the attorney said.
The case was ordered sent back
to the court clerk for reassignment.
Since the trial is expected to last
from four to six weeks, and Justice
T. Alan Goldsborough leaves the
district court for a summer vacation
on June 80, continuance until fall
was considered likely.
At least 60 government witnesses
will be called when the trial gets
under way, according to William A.
Paisley, special assistant to the at
torney general.
Curley, president and director of
Engineers Group, Inc, until Dec.
20, 1941, and six other officers and
employees of the corporation, are
charged with violation of the mail
fraud statute in the operation OF a
brokerage firm for securing govern
ment war contracts.
The defendants, including Donald
Wakefield Smith, former member
of the National Labor Relations
board, we're indicted on 16 counts
by federal grand jury in January,
1914. All pleaded innocent.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1945-05-03
War Council
In Jeopardy

Hartford, Conn, May 3-UP)-
Just how active the Connecticut war
council will be during the next two
years hinged today upon the gen.
crosby of the legislatures appro-
priations committee.
The council has asked for a bud
get of $1173.10O for the coming BIZ
ennium. The state budget division
recommended Slashing this to $780,
O10. on the assumption the end of
the war would wash up most OF the
operations of the agency.
At an appropriation committee
hearing it was charged that many
of the councils activities now were
unnecessary and Implications of the
functions of other state depart
ments. The only branch of the coun-
ell to escape criticism was the
fuel administration which set up
emergency stations throughout the
state during the shortages the past
two winters it was pointed out to
the committee that the protective
services had virtually ceased and
that President Truman had ordered
the offices of civilian defense abol-
ished June 30 as no longer neceS-
sary.
Defending the need of continuing
the council under heavy budget,
State War Administrator Henry B..
Mosle told the committee that 1t
now was engaged in programs con-
corning industrial reconverSion as
sistance, recreation supervision and
coordination, operation of child well
fare centers, salvage campaigns and
distribution of educational and
training moves.
The appropriations committee
also had under consideration a re-
quest of the State Postwar Plan
ming Board for $181,370 for the next
two years. The budget division has
proposed this be reduced to s81. $40.
The board goes out of existence
July l unless continued until 1947.
There also is a suggestion 1t be
merged with other affiliated agen-
cies.
From other committees came fav-
orable reports on number of bills,
some of them providing:
A minimum wage of 40 cents an
hour for all state employees.
Creation of a five-man commits
sion to study city, town and bor-
ough charters.
Establishment of voluntary
statewide uniform building code as
compiled by the State Housing Au-
thority.
The licensing of professional
bondsmen and limiting their fees to
five per cent of bonds up to S. 1000
and two and one-half per cent of
bonds in excess of $4,000.