davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1945-01-22
Housing for Congressman

Some of the members of Congress
are reported to be planning the Or
ganization of a legislative bloc, and
on the theory that in union there
Is strength, to press for legislation to
construct apartment houses for
congressman. They say, and there
is much to justify their complaint,
that adequate housing is lacking in
Washington at reasonable or any
other kind of prices.
That is substantially the same
complaint made on behalf of the
thousands of families which conSti-
tute the inhabitants of Washing
tons alley dwellings. There is, how
ever, at least one marked difference.
The alley dwellers, under a law of
Congress, must be evicted even from
the humble novels they now occupy
by next July. These dwellings, it is
agreed, are menaces to health and
welfare. Yet the continued failure
of Congress to support what it has
done or to enact proper new legis-
lation providing substitute housing
means that if evicted the. alley
dwellers would have no place to go.
The ideal arrangement in these
circumstances might be to combine
the legislation for congressional
apartment house construction with
the legislation for alley clearance
and low-cost housing. Under such
a combination it is doubtful that the
members of Congress would stand
idly by and watch the various time
killing maneuvers under which leg
islation can be stalled day after
day, month after month and year
after year.
Some of the conditions proposed
for alley clearance might apply
equally as we'll to the construction
of apartments for Congressman
Members of Congress would want it
understood, of course, that income,
rather than the need for housing,
will determine their eligibility to
live in the congressional apart
ments. If the Congress members
income exceeds the ceiling, he must
live somewhere else. The legislation
naturally would provide some meth
cd to make up the deficit between
the economic rent" of congress
sional apartment units and what a
member should be expected to pay,
perhaps arranging for rent vouchers
from the public assistance division
of the Board of Public Welfare. And
there would have to be a provision
that if the apartments for the Con-
gressmen could not be built by pri-
vate enterprise at sufficiently low
rental per unit, they could not be
built at all. Members of Congress
would, of course, accept this condi-
ton in the proper spirit.
The problem of clearing up
Washington's insanitary alley dwell
ings and providing adequate sub
stitute housing has been knocking
around in Congress since the middle
of the First World War. Let the
problem of housing for Congress-
men be approached in the same
way and those now talking about
it will have no mundane housing
worries hY the time it is solved
Evening star., 1945-01-22
! This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

there was no actual blueprint of what
portions the Reich would have to yield
In the east and in the west. Neither
was there any precise agreement as to
how Germany would be ruled for many
years after her surrender. In December,
1943, the Allied armies had not yet
even begun to prepare their offensive
across the Channel while the Germans
appeared still strongly entrenched in
Russia and in Poland.
The situation is totally different now,
when the Allied armies in the west
are close to the Siegfried Line while
the Red armies are engaged in an
offensive which may reach the Oder
River In the next few weeks. Thus the
leaders Of the three major Allied coun-
tries will be justified in mapping the
solution" for the Reich without fear
that events might upset their plans.
After having settled to Marshal
Stains full satisfaction the question
of Russias boundaries in the west and
the status of the satellite states, the
matter of the Dumbarton Oaks agree
ments doubtless will be discussed. The
final agreement which the representa-
could not reach in Washington last fall
Is fully expected to be reached by the
Big Three.
A certain amount of give and take
will be required but those close to
the White House are convinced that
early in the spring the United States
Senate will be presented with a tightly
tied parcel containing the agreements
for an international cooperation sys-
tenn very much along the line of those
projected in Washington last Sep
tember.
The staff which is reported to have
been selected to accompany President
Roosevelt is so large that it is obvious
that many questions which were left
in allegiance or not even touched on
at Teheran will be discussed and settled
at the meeting. Some observers familiar
with the developments which preceded
the forthcoming gathering believe that
the decisions which the Big Three adopt
in the near future will make an official
peace conference unnecessary for a long
time
Evening star., 1945-01-22

ment for him in his chosen role of
tactician. He was sixty seven at the
moment and previously had had
little recognition at the hands OF
the Kaiser and his military advisers.
Only Ludendorf, it seems, realized
his powers of pure thought" in
action. His plan was to disregard
all other threats than the one led
by Samsonov, to destroy that danger
and then Systematically dispose of
supplementary forces. The scheme
worked almost perfectly. BY October
the Russian steam roller" had
ceased to exist. Efforts to create it
anew the next summer were de-
feated. At last the successors of the
Gar signed the treaty OF Brest-
Litovsk.
Meanwhile, Hindenburg, insisting
"We intend, not to hold out to the
end, but to conquer" was employed
in the West. The Zine" that bore
his name was not merely defensive
series of heavily wired trenches in
Northeastern France. 1t likewise had
the function and the purpose Of an
attack. From it the Germans hoped
to "break through" the Allies to the
coast. It's architect was mindful of
Tannenberg up to the finish. Even
after Turkey and Austria had
capitulated in the early autumn of
1918 he wanted the German people
to attempt "a final effort of heroic
exertion."
But the odds were against him.
As, usual, the Teutons had too many
enemies. So it is now, and the tomb
of Hindenburg, if not actually his
ashes, is in possession of the Rus
slams whose fathers he vanquished
in vain
Evening star., 1945-01-22
Letters to The Star
Discusses Points of Agreement
IL Az.

To the Editor of The Star:
The question Of United States foreign
policy. even in the European sphere,
has many facets. Senator Vandenberg
has dealt with some of them recently.
Senator Wheeler has covered a great
many of them and Senator Pepper some
also. President Roosevelt will have to
deal with all phases OF the question in
his forthcoming conference with Messrs.
Churchill and Stain.
It is impossible in a letter to consider
more than one or two of the problems
involved. I should like to start with
some fundamental points of agree
ment. The majority of the people Of
each nation in the world prefer peace to
war, provided peace can be maintained
while they retain full control over their
own internal affairs and have politi-
cally unfettered opportunity to engage
in foreign trade. The governments of
all nations in the past Is years profess
(and with the exception of Germany,
Japan and Italy have so acted not to
seek to acquire the territory or possess
sions of other countries. The United
Nations are determined to win this
war completely, to destroy the future
war-making ability of the Axis powers
and to do everything possible in other
ways to prevent war in the future.
The only serious disagreements be-
tween the United Nations have been
(a) as to the best ways and means of
winning the war and rendering the cur
rent aggressors harmless and (b) the
best ways and means of preventing war
in the future. Disagreements under
(a) are diminishing in number. The
establishment of the second front" in
France removed one, the current Russian
offensive in Poland is removing another.
We all hope that the leaders of the
Big Three shortly will agree upon the
extent of changes to be made in Ger
many to insure her future military
harmlessness, measures of kind which
can be ratified by the other United Ma
tions either soon or at the peace table.
Perhaps soon, also, sufficient facts can
be revealed to indicate that the Brit
ish, French and Dutch are and will be
taking part in the Pacific war, COM
mensurate with their large interests
there and with their considerable man
power and other resources.
JOHN j. QUIGLEY.
Evening star., 1945-01-22
Psychological Offensive

With their forces sterilely on the
defensive in Italy, with our Allied
armies pressing against them every
where in the west except in the
region of Strasbourg, and with the
Russians rolling them back all along
the eastern front, the Germans
who must at the same time absorb
the physical and nervous shock of
relentless and unceasing lombard
ment from the air-can look wher-
ever they will and see nothing but
the dark shape of catastrophe
steadily closing in upon them. Now,
as never before, they are vulnerable
not merely to the steel and flame
and explosives being hurled against
them, but also to the psychological
weapon, to the weapon of ideas,
which we are at last apparently
bringing into play on a major scale.
During the week end, according
to reports, Allied radio transmitters
611oloIi3 fa1llCllCdA dllO 1tuSSldu
alike-filled the air over Germany
with a record barrage of warnings
and exhortations calculated to i'm
press the people of the Reich with
the hopelessness of their situation
and the futility of further resist
ance. Ghost voices heckled Nazi
commentators broadcasting gloom
lily from Berlin, and from all our
psychological warfare stations, in
cluding Russia's, came an admoni-
ton basically the same as that
voiced in the House of Commons last
Thursday by Prime Minister Church.
ill-the admonition that common
sense dictates to the Germans that
they should surrender now and that
their failure to do so, while it will
not in the least degree prevent our
inevitable victory, will be for them
a suicidal self invitation to an ordeal
far more terrible than anything
they have yet experienced.
This psychological offensive can
not Of itself force capitulation, Of
Evening star., 1945-01-22

In the discussion of what "uncondi-
tional surrender" may mean as applied
to Germany, it Is assumed Britain, the
Soviets and the United States are in the
same state of indecision. should like
to suggest this is not so, and failing a
common agreement, and that immedi-
ately, the Soviets are prepared for any
eventuality.
The term unconditional surrender -
which was coined as a purely military
demand during the Civil War, actually
did mean the total surrender of the
sovereignty OF the Southern Confedera-
ton. and amalgamation into the Union.
Among the Big Three, there is only one
power that could mean it in that total
way. Neither America nor Britain can
amalgamate Germany within its orbit,
either de facto or de jure. But the
Soviets can, and suggest it as pos
sibility.
The issue is not one Of Communism +"
Mr.. Churchill was startling when, on
Thursday, he described the revolutionary
left-wing forces in Greece as "Trotsky-
ite Communists" The phrase must mean
the suppression of the EAM Is not con-
trary to the wishes of the Kremlin. The
phrase Is Russian, not British. The
phrase foreshadows policy whereby
revolutionary uprisings are to be judged
not by their social content. but accord
ing to how they fit into power plans.
X
In all power plans the question of the
future of Germany is pivotal.
II is the life and death question to
the Soviets. The Soviets must and will
prevent that Germany, under any con-
ditions, may orient herself westward
and increase the potential of the west
ern powers. Never again will the Soviets
permit the condition by which, through
some possible future Munich, Germany,
or any part of it, is given green light
eastward
To prevent this they contemplate
creating eternal sources of friction be-
tween Germany and her neighbors. The
partition of Poland, and her compensa-
ton with the reward of Prussian terri
tory east of the Oder, and it's resettle-
ment by Poles will accomplish the
former. The creation of a separate
Rhineland-R -Ruhr state, projected by NJ.
Bidault, Gen. de Gaulle's foreign min
lister, as a sort of French industrial
colony, will accomplish the latter. The
entire Polish state will be within the
Soviet orbit in any case and the posi-
bility of Russian consent for later re-
union of the Rhineland- -Ruhr with the
Reich will give the Soviets control over
French policy.
Evening star., 1945-01-22

In ten days the progress Of the Rus
sian offensive has been so completely
satisfactory that Premier Stain feels he
can take some time OF to meet President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill.
Thus the Big Three conference probably
will be held in the near future, although
a postponement seemed likely until
few days ago.
Military conditions on the eastern
front are so favorable that the Russian
premier looks with confidence to the
outcome Of the meeting. Nothing is
likely to happen to thwart Russia's
aims so far as Europe is concerned.
I Those In the United States and Great
Britain who want literal Interpretation
of the Atlantic Charter, at least insofar
as the peoples Of Eastern Europe and the
Balkans are concerned, must realize by
now the futility of such hopes. The
spectacular successes of the Red armies
make it very difficult to be too insistent
on this question.
The matters concerning Poland, the
Baltic States and the Balkans should be
considered henceforth as fully settled, in
accordance with the desires of the
Kremlin. Matters pertaining to Western
Europe-the territories west of the Adri-
atic-are of no immediate interest to
the Russian leader. Political actions of
the peoples themselves will determine
their future status.
The situation regarding Germany it.
self will be discussed fully for the first
time between the three leaders. At
Teheran the fate of the Reich was only
vaguely touched on. Definite discussions
regarding how Germany will be dealt
with seemed too premature.
II r
Premier Stain is said now to feel
that the collapse of Germany is
matter of time only. 1t would not be
surprising If at the end of the parley
the Big Three were to give the final
ultimatum to the German armies to
surrender under the penalty that un-
less they did SO Immediately, much
sterner measures would be applied
to the German population than are
contemplated now.
According to those who profess to
have an intimate knowledge of what
happened at Teheran, only a general
agreement was reached there. But
Evening star., 1945-01-22
Quotes Gibbs on War
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
Among the letters to the Editor of The
Star, published on January 1S, was one
advocating that memorial 70 Franklin
Delano Roosevelt be made during his
lifetime.
A memorial to Mr. Roosevelt is already
In existence, and 1t is memorial of his
own making. The expression "uncon-
ditional surrender" will serve as a re-
minder of this Nations World War II
President until the end of time.
How easily do politicians coin-or have
coined for them-such catch-phrases
which, through constant and careful
repetition, become their trade marks,
and how very, very little thought usu-
ally is behind them.
| l wonder if Mr.. Roosevelt ever read
Sir Philip Gibbs book, "Now 1t Can Be
Told" in which that famed World War I
correspondent related the horrors he
witnessed on the battlefields during that
ordeal? And, If he did, I further won
der If he recalls the account of the
shen-shocked soldiers.
Let me quote: Seeing these she'll
shock cases month after month, during
years of fighting, ], as an onlooker,
hated the people who had not seen, and
were callous of this misery: the laughing
girls in the Strand greeting the boys
on seven days leave; the newspaper
editors and Underwriters whose articles
on war were always CHEEKY; the bishops
and clergy who praised God as the
Commander in chief of the Allied
armies, and had never said word
before the war to make it less inevit-
able; the schoolmasters who gloried in
the lengthening roll of honor and said,
We've doing very WE'LL when more boys
died; the pretty woman-faces ogling in
the picture papers, as well known war
workers. the munition workers who
were getting good wages out of the war;
the working women who were buying
gramophones and furs while their men
were in the sinking trenches; the dread
full, callous. cheerful spirit Of England
at, war"
PHILIP LIuHTFooT woRlEELEY ".
Evening star., 1945-01-22

The following is review of the mill
tary situation along the Western front
as it appeared Sunday morning:
Along the Mas and in the Nijmegen
salient, there are some patrol activi-
ties; a minor German attack-prob-
ably intended to keep us off balance,
possibly reconnaissance in force-has
been beaten off near Nijmegen.
In the Roermond-Sittard corner, the
British are going ahead methodically
and with good results. It is beginning
to look as though the British End Army
will come up to the line of the Roer all
the way from Roermond down to the
left flank of the United States 9th Army
at Linnich unless the Germans are
willing to use more troops for counter
attack purposes. This would greatly i'm
prove the Allied jump-of position for
a new major offensive directed toward
Cologne.
Along the rest of the Roer front, past
Linnich, Julich and Duren down to the
beginning of the Ardennes bulge, there
has been no change for over month.
X
On the northern flank of the bulge,
the United States 1st Army Is moving
southeastward toward st. With. Fight
ing is now going on in Bornn 81 miles
north Of st. With and the last important
road junction covering the approaches
to the latter town. st. With was major
advance base and communications CEN
ter for the German attack into the Ar
dennes. If it can be taken before the
Germans have evacuated their assem-
bled stores, it may be prize Of consid-
erable value for that alone.
On the southern shoulder Of the bulge,
the United States 3rd Army is also going
ahead north Of Diekirch, with Vianden
as an apparent objective. A consider
able gain by this American force might
begin to threaten all the German COM
munications south of st. With.
The real evaluation of both these
operations lies in the fact that they are
constructing the mouth of what was once
deep and is now shallow bag. The
regaining of ground is something, but
its value lies in the use to be made OF
that ground In the future.
A suggestion that not very much may
be left In It Of real value is contained In
bulletin from Allied Supreme Head
quarters which tells Of fve German
divisions 1.-TWO Of them armored- being
thrown into the hight in Alsace, ''be-
tween Hatten and dambsheim and
Evening star., 1945-01-22
Praises Poems

To the Editor Of The Star:
There is so very little in modern
poetry that can understandings seldom
I can grasp the vision of the poet
that 1t is infinitely consoling to re-
member that the poems on your ed
itorial page always seem to add up to
something-to have melody, meaning
and sanity. "Quandary" is a good ex-
ample of what I mean and there have
been many like 1t.
1t is so refreshing to get away from
the mystical wooziness and unintelligi-
bility Of the illuminate that it would
seem that such poets as Harry Elmore
Hurd should not be left unheard be-
cause they have a clear idea of what
they are talking about.
PETRONIUS.
Evening star., 1945-01-22
They Coll Him Mike"
from the Baltimore Sun.

fIom Ghe b2ItluUre ouI. ---g.9-
Canada's Ambassador designate to the
United States Is the sort of fellow who
works coatless with his sleeves rolled
above the elbows, puts his feet on his
arsk when concentrating and hangs from
bus strap on his way to the office.
Almost every one calls him Mike" That
goes for President Roosevelt and An-
thony Eden, the British Foreign Secre-
tary, in the top ranks, and also for .
gpodly number of the Canadian Embassy
stan. No one calls this informal, direct
and capable career diplomat By his legal
nrst name. which is Lester. Because
Mike" seems 10 at Lester Boxles Pear
son % much better.
Evening star., 1945-01-22

One of the things which Archibald
MacLeish, former Librarian of Con-
gress, no longer needs to worry about
is the problem of whether or not to
move the Declaration and the Con-
stitution in anticipation Of German
robot bombing of Washington.
Evening star., 1945-01-22

Among the suggestions for postwar
defense policy is one which seems
not to require any argument-a pro-
posal to double the size of the
student bodies of West Point and
Annapolis.
Evening star., 1945-01-22

The morning line of bookies ap-
plying for war plant jobs should
contain quite a few odds specimens.
Evening star., 1945-01-22

= Many a NO SMOKING sign for
merly construed as a request has
now taken on a grim reality.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-06-30
(Contfnued on Page 9
FonniIy Of 5 Lost In Fire

Augusta, Me, June 30-tUP)-Slx persons, including father and mother and three of their children, were burned to death as fire swept their home on Gage street place early today.
 The victims were MT. and Mrs. Forrest Berry: two daughters, Lou ella, 2, and Beulah, 8. and a son Alden, 5, and nephew Eugene Fal- loon 3. The nephew son o. Mrs. Kathleen Balloon of Augusta was staying with the Berry .amily for the night
 The body of Berry was found near the front door where he apparently was trying to summon help. Mrs. Berry's body was found under her bed on the second floor. The bodies of the four children were found in their beds.
 The blaze was discovered by an overseas veteran Pfc. Lynnwood Staples of Augusta who was home 'en furlough. He saw the flames as he walked by the house. Hearing screams from the upper floor he at- tempted to enter the blazing build ing but was forced back by the heal and smoke. He suffered a badly bruised arm in trying to force A door.
 When firemen arrived the screams had ceased. The flames were ex- tinguishd after a 21z hour battle. Damage to the two-story wooden house was estimated at SIG, GOO. The cause of the blaze is undetermined Fireman Rosaire Paquette of Augusta suffered minor arm burns and was hospitalized for treatment. Berry and his wife, both of whom were employed at an Augusta shoe factory.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-06-30
Continued on Page 9
New Cabinet Members In

Washington, June 30 (UP) = Fourk new cabinet members take office today in the biggest single shakeup in a presidents official family since the late President Roosevelt first took office in 1883.
 Their inauguration is regarded as a step toward reorganization of the governments executive agencies with emphasis on improving admin istration of food supply and labor problems.
 The incoming cabinet members are Lewis B. Schwellenbach of Washington who replaces Frances Perkins of New York as Secretary of Labor: Robert E. Hannegan of Missouri replacing Frank c. Walker of Pennsylvania as Postmaster General; Tom c. Clark of Texas taking over from Francis Riddle of Penncylvina as Attorney General and Clinton F. Anderson of New Mexico succeeding Claude R. Wick ard of Indiana as Secretary of Agriculture.
 Anderson also will replace Mar win Jones as War Food Admins trator. Those duties have been com- bined with the Agricultural Depart ment in one of the major reor- ganization moves.
 President Truman still has one cabinet vacancy. He is expected to send the nomination of James F. Byrnes to the Senate Monday or Tuesday for Secretary of State to replace Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., who resigned to represent the U. s. in the New World Security League.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1945-06-30
Railroads To Get
 Soldier Employees

Washington, June 30-(UP)-The War Department authorized em- ergency 30-day furloughs today for 4,000 soldiers urgently needed in the railroads.
 Authorization was given "to pre- vent breakdown of rail transpor- tation under the mounting pressure of troop and freight movements from Europe to the Pacific"
 Men furloughed will be employed as brakemen. firemen. boilermakers. electricians. car repairmen. mechan- ics. fmachinists and helpers. They must be at least 26 and preferably 90. They will not be chosen from those in replacement training cen- lers or alerted for overseas.
 undersecretary of War Robert F. Patterson said the action was tak- sn reluctantly because there was no alternative.